1
ὁ δὲ προειρημένος Σιμων ὁ τῶν χρημάτων καὶ τῆς πατρίδος ἐνδείκτης γεγονὼς ἐκακολόγει τὸν Ονιαν ὡς αὐτός τε εἴη τὸν Ἡλιόδωρον ἐπισεσεικὼς καὶ τῶν κακῶν δημιουργὸς καθεστηκώς
But the aforementioned Simon, having become the informer against the funds and the fatherland, kept slandering Onias, as though he himself had incited Heliodorus and had become the architect of the troubles.
Simon recasts the earlier crisis by maligning Onias as the true source of disturbance.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
προειρημένοςsayVM · χμπνσμ ἐρῶ + προparticiple elaborating the clause actionἐρῶ + προ: verbal form rendered 'say' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ΣιμωνSimonN3W NSM · Σιμωνsubject or predicate element within the clauseΣιμων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Simon' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χρημάτωνwealthN3M GPN · χρῆμαgenitive modifier or complementχρῆμα: lexical item rendered 'wealth' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πατρίδοςhomelandN3D GSF · πατρίςgenitive modifier or complementπατρίς: lexical item rendered 'homeland' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνδείκτηςinformerN1M NSM · ἐνδείκτηςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἐνδείκτης: lexical item rendered 'informer' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γεγονὼςbecomeVX · χαπνσμ γίγνομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'become' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐκακολόγειslanderV2I IAI3S · κακολογέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeκακολογέω: verbal form rendered 'slander' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιανOniasN1T ASM · Ονιαςobject or complement within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὡςasC · ὡςclause connective or particleὡς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'as' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αὐτόςhisRD NSM · αὐτόςsubject or predicate element within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τεandX TEclause connective or particleτε: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
εἴηwere / would beV9 PAO3S · εἰμίfinite verb within subordinate or reported discourseεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'were / would be' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἩλιόδωρονHeliodorusN2 ASM · Ἡλιόδωροςobject or complement within the clauseἩλιόδωρος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Heliodorus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἐπισεσεικὼςshakeVX · χαπνσμ σείω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionσείω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'shake' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κακῶνevilsA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive modifier or complementκακός: lexical item rendered 'evils' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δημιουργὸςauthorN2 NSM · δημιουργόςsubject or predicate element within the clauseδημιουργός: lexical item rendered 'author' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καθεστηκώςestablishedVXI XAPNSM I(/STHMI KATAinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseκαθεστηκώς: verbal form rendered 'established' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
2
καὶ τὸν εὐεργέτην τῆς πόλεως καὶ τὸν κηδεμόνα τῶν ὁμοεθνῶν καὶ ζηλωτὴν τῶν νόμων ἐπίβουλον τῶν πραγμάτων ἐτόλμα λέγειν
And he dared to call the benefactor of the city, the guardian of his compatriots, and the zealot for the laws a plotter against public affairs.
The narrator sharpens Simon's slander by listing the civic and religious honors attached to Onias.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εὐεργέτηνbenefactorN1M ASM · εὐεργέτηςobject or complement within the clauseεὐεργέτης: lexical item rendered 'benefactor' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier or complementπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κηδεμόναguardianN3N ASM · κηδεμώνobject or complement within the clauseκηδεμών: lexical item rendered 'guardian' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὁμοεθνῶνcompatriotsA1B GPM · ὁμοέθνοςgenitive modifier or complementὁμοέθνος: lexical item rendered 'compatriots' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ζηλωτὴνzealousA1 ASF · ζηλωτόςobject or complement within the clauseζηλωτός: lexical item rendered 'zealous' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
νόμωνlawsN2 GPM · νόμοςgenitive modifier or complementνόμος: lexical item rendered 'laws' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπίβουλονa plotter / adversaryA1B ASM · ἐπίβουλοςobject or complement within the clauseἐπίβουλος: lexical item rendered 'a plotter / adversary' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πραγμάτωνaffairsN3M GPN · πρᾶγμαgenitive modifier or complementπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'affairs' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐτόλμαdareV3I IAI3S · τολμάωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeτολμάω: verbal form rendered 'dare' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
λέγεινto sayV1 PAN · λέγωinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseλέγω: verbal form rendered 'to say' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
3
τῆς δὲ ἔχθρας ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον προβαινούσης ὥστε καὶ διά τινος τῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ Σιμωνος δεδοκιμασμένων φόνους συντελεῖσθαι
And the hostility advanced so far that even murders were being committed through one of Simon's approved agents.
Private enmity now spills into organized violence through Simon's faction.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἔχθραςhatredA1A GSF · ἐχθρόςgenitive modifier or complementἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'hatred' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοσοῦτονso greatA1 ASM · τοσοῦτοobject or complement within the clauseτοσοῦτο: lexical item rendered 'so great' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προβαινούσηςgoV1 · παπγσφ βαίνω + προparticiple elaborating the clause actionβαίνω + προ: verbal form rendered 'go' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεclause connective or particleὥστε: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'so that' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
διάtherefore / because of thisP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore / because of this' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τινοςat allRI GSM · τιςgenitive modifier or complementτις: lexical item rendered 'at all' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΣιμωνοςSimonN3W GSM · Σιμωνgenitive modifier or complementΣιμων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Simon' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
δεδοκιμασμένωνapproveVT · χμπγπμ δοκιμάζωparticiple elaborating the clause actionδοκιμάζω: verbal form rendered 'approve' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
φόνουςmurderN2 APM · φόνοςobject or complement within the clauseφόνος: lexical item rendered 'murder' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
συντελεῖσθαιto be carried outV2 PMN · τελέω + συνinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ συν: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
4
συνορῶν ὁ Ονιας τὸ χαλεπὸν τῆς φιλονεικίας καὶ Ἀπολλώνιον Μενεσθέως τὸν Κοίλης Συρίας καὶ Φοινίκης στρατηγὸν συναύξοντα τὴν κακίαν τοῦ Σιμωνος
Onias, seeing the gravity of the rivalry and that Apollonius son of Menestheus, governor of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, was increasing Simon's malice,
The verse frames Onias's next move as a response to both internal strife and provincial complicity.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
συνορῶνperceivingV3 · παπνσμ ὁράω + συνparticiple elaborating the clause actionὁράω + συν: verbal form rendered 'perceiving' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιαςOniasN1T NSM · Ονιαςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χαλεπὸνharshA1 ASN · χαλεπόςobject or complement within the clauseχαλεπός: lexical item rendered 'harsh' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
φιλονεικίαςrivalryN1A GSF · φιλονεικίαgenitive modifier or complementφιλονεικία: lexical item rendered 'rivalry' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἈπολλώνιονApolloniusN2 ASM · Ἀπολλώνιοςobject or complement within the clauseἈπολλώνιος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Apollonius' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ΜενεσθέωςMenestheusN3I GSM · Μενεσθεύςgenitive modifier or complementΜενεσθεύς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menestheus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΚοίληςCoeleN1 GSF · Κοίληgenitive modifier or complementΚοίλη: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Coele' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive modifier or complementΣυρία: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Syria' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΦοινίκηςPhoeniciaN1 GSF · Φοινίκηgenitive modifier or complementΦοινίκη: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Phoenicia' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
στρατηγὸνgeneralN2 ASM · στρατηγόςobject or complement within the clauseστρατηγός: lexical item rendered 'general' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
συναύξονταincreaseV1 · παπασμ αὔξω + συνparticiple elaborating the clause actionαὔξω + συν: verbal form rendered 'increase' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κακίανwickedness / evilN1A ASF · κακίαobject or complement within the clauseκακία: lexical item rendered 'wickedness / evil' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΣιμωνοςSimonN3W GSM · Σιμωνgenitive modifier or complementΣιμων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Simon' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
5
πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα διεκομίσθη οὐ γινόμενος τῶν πολιτῶν κατήγορος τὸ δὲ σύμφορον κοινῇ καὶ κατ' ἰδίαν παντὶ τῷ πλήθει σκοπῶν
went to the king, not as an accuser of his fellow citizens, but with an eye to what was advantageous both publicly and privately for the whole people.
Onias presents himself as seeking the common good rather than personal retaliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςobject or complement within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διεκομίσθηwas transportedVCI API3S · κομίζω + διαfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ δια: verbal form rendered 'was transported' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
γινόμενοςbecomingV1 · πμπνσμ γίγνομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'becoming' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πολιτῶνcitizensN1 GPM · πολίτηςgenitive modifier or complementπολίτης: lexical item rendered 'citizens' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατήγοροςaccuserN2 NSM · κατήγοροςsubject or predicate element within the clauseκατήγορος: lexical item rendered 'accuser' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
σύμφορονadvantageousA1B ASF · σύμφοροςobject or complement within the clauseσύμφορος: lexical item rendered 'advantageous' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κοινῇin commonA1 DSF · κοινόςdative complement or reference termκοινός: lexical item rendered 'in common' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἰδίανone's ownA1A ASF · ἴδιοςobject or complement within the clauseἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'one's own' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςdative complement or reference termπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all / every' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative complement or reference termπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'multitude' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
σκοπῶνaimN2 GPM · σκοπόςgenitive modifier or complementσκοπός: lexical item rendered 'aim' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
6
ἑώρα γὰρ ἄνευ βασιλικῆς προνοίας ἀδύνατον εἶναι τυχεῖν εἰρήνης ἔτι τὰ πράγματα καὶ τὸν Σιμωνα παῦλαν οὐ λημψόμενον τῆς ἀνοίας
For he saw that without royal intervention it was impossible for affairs still to attain peace, and that Simon would get no respite from his madness.
The narrator explains why appeal to the crown had become necessary.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἑώραseeV3I IAI3S · ὁράωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeὁράω: verbal form rendered 'see' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
γὰρforX · γάρclause connective or particleγάρ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its complementἄνευ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'without' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
βασιλικῆςroyalA1 GSF · βασιλικόςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλικός: lexical item rendered 'royal' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προνοίαςinterventionN1A GSF · προνοίαgenitive modifier or complementπρονοία: lexical item rendered 'intervention' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀδύνατονimpossibleA1B ASM · ἀδύνατοςobject or complement within the clauseἀδύνατος: lexical item rendered 'impossible' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'to be' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τυχεῖνobtainVB AAN · τυγχάνωinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseτυγχάνω: verbal form rendered 'obtain' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰρήνηςpeaceN1 GSF · εἰρήνηgenitive modifier or complementεἰρήνη: lexical item rendered 'peace' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clauseἔτι: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'still' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πράγματαmatterN3M APN · πρᾶγμαobject or complement within the clauseπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'matter' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΣιμωναSimonN3W ASM · Σιμωνobject or complement within the clauseΣιμων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Simon' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
παῦλανcessationN1A ASF · παῦλαobject or complement within the clauseπαῦλα: lexical item rendered 'cessation' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
λημψόμενονtakeVF · φμπασμ λαμβάνωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'take' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀνοίαςfollyN1A GSF · ἄνοιαgenitive modifier or complementἄνοια: lexical item rendered 'folly' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
7
μεταλλάξαντος δὲ τὸν βίον Σελεύκου καὶ παραλαβόντος τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀντιόχου τοῦ προσαγορευθέντος Ἐπιφανοῦς ὑπενόθευσεν Ἰάσων ὁ ἀδελφὸς Ονιου τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην
But after Seleucus had died and Antiochus, called Epiphanes, had taken over the kingdom, Jason the brother of Onias fraudulently sought the high priesthood.
A dynastic transition opens the way for a new phase of priestly corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
μεταλλάξαντοςchangeVA · ααπγσμ ἀλλάσσω + μεταparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀλλάσσω + μετα: verbal form rendered 'change' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςobject or complement within the clauseβίος: lexical item rendered 'life' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΣελεύκουSeleucusN2 GSM · Σέλευκοςgenitive modifier or complementΣέλευκος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Seleucus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
παραλαβόντοςtakeVB · ααπγσμ λαμβάνω + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionλαμβάνω + παρα: verbal form rendered 'take' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαobject or complement within the clauseβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἈντιόχουAntiochusN2 GSM · Ἀντίοχοςgenitive modifier or complementἈντίοχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προσαγορευθέντοςspeakVC · αππγσμ ἀγορεύω + προςparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀγορεύω + προς: verbal form rendered 'speak' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἘπιφανοῦςEpiphanesN1M GSM · Ἐπιφανήςgenitive modifier or complementἘπιφανής: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Epiphanes' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὑπενόθευσενfraudulently obtainedVAI AAI3S · νοθεύω + ὑποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ὑπο: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἸάσωνJasonN3W NSM · Ἰάσωνsubject or predicate element within the clauseἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀδελφὸςbrotherN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἀδελφός: lexical item rendered 'brother' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιουOniasN1T GSM · Ονιαςgenitive modifier or complementΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀρχιερωσύνηνhigh priesthoodN1 ASF · ἀρχιερωσύνηobject or complement within the clauseἀρχιερωσύνη: lexical item rendered 'high priesthood' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
8
ἐπαγγειλάμενος τῷ βασιλεῖ δι' ἐντεύξεως ἀργυρίου τάλαντα ἑξήκοντα πρὸς τοῖς τριακοσίοις καὶ προσόδου τινὸς ἄλλης τάλαντα ὀγδοήκοντα
In an audience he promised the king sixty talents of silver in addition to three hundred, and from another source of revenue eighty talents.
Jason's bid for the high priesthood is presented in the language of purchased office.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐπαγγειλάμενοςannounceVA · αμπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀγγέλλω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'announce' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complement or reference termβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐντεύξεωςpetitionN3I GSF · ἔντευξιςgenitive modifier or complementἔντευξις: lexical item rendered 'petition' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive modifier or complementἀργύριον: lexical item rendered 'silver' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τάλανταtalentN2N APN · τάλαντονobject or complement within the clauseτάλαντον: lexical item rendered 'talent' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἑξήκονταsixtyM · ἑξήκονταparticle or connective shaping the clauseἑξήκοντα: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'sixty' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τριακοσίοιςthree hundredA1A DPN · τριακόσιοιdative complement or reference termτριακόσιοι: lexical item rendered 'three hundred' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
προσόδουrevenueN2 GSF · πρόσοδοςgenitive modifier or complementπρόσοδος: lexical item rendered 'revenue' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τινὸςof anyone / of someoneRI GSF · τιςgenitive modifier or complementτις: lexical item rendered 'of anyone / of someone' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἄλληςany otherRD GSF · ἄλλοςgenitive modifier or complementἄλλος: lexical item rendered 'any other' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τάλανταtalentN2N APN · τάλαντονobject or complement within the clauseτάλαντον: lexical item rendered 'talent' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοηκονταparticle or connective shaping the clauseὀγδοηκοντα: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'eighty' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
9
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ὑπισχνεῖτο καὶ ἕτερα διαγράφειν πεντήκοντα πρὸς τοῖς ἑκατόν ἐὰν ἐπιχωρηθῇ διὰ τῆς ἐξουσίας αὐτοῦ γυμνάσιον καὶ ἐφηβεῖον αὐτῷ συστήσασθαι καὶ τοὺς ἐν Ιεροσολύμοις Ἀντιοχεῖς ἀναγράψαι
Besides these he promised to register another hundred and fifty, if authority were granted him to establish a gymnasium and an ephebion for himself and to enroll the people in Jerusalem as Antiochenes.
The financial bargain is tied directly to an institutional program of Hellenizing Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςdative complement or reference termοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπισχνεῖτοpromiseV2I IMI3S · ὑπισχνέομαιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeὑπισχνέομαι: verbal form rendered 'promise' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἕτεραotherA1A APN · ἕτεροςobject or complement within the clauseἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'other' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διαγράφεινto register additionallyV1 PAN · γράφω + διαinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ δια: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταparticle or connective shaping the clauseπεντήκοντα: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'fifty' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἑκατόνhundredM · ἑκατόνparticle or connective shaping the clauseἑκατόν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'hundred' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνclause connective or particleἐάν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'if' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐπιχωρηθῇit should be grantedVC APS3S · χωρέω + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐπι: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐξουσίαςauthorityN1A GSF · ἐξουσίαgenitive modifier or complementἐξουσία: lexical item rendered 'authority' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γυμνάσιονa gymnasiumN2N ASN · γυμνάσιονobject or complement within the clauseγυμνάσιον: lexical item rendered 'a gymnasium' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐφηβεῖονephebionN2N ASN · ἐφηβεῖονobject or complement within the clauseἐφηβεῖον: lexical item rendered 'ephebion' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςdative complement or reference termαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'to him' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
συστήσασθαιto establishVA AMN · ἵστημι + συνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ συν: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΙεροσολύμοιςJerusalemN3M DPM · Ιεροσόλυμαdative complement or reference termΙεροσόλυμα: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἈντιοχεῖςAntiocheneN3V APM · Ἀντιοχεύςobject or complement within the clauseἈντιοχεύς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antiochene' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀναγράψαιto enrollVA AAN · γράφω + ἀναinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ ἀνα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
10
ἐπινεύσαντος δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς κρατήσας εὐθέως πρὸς τὸν Ἑλληνικὸν χαρακτῆρα τοὺς ὁμοφύλους μετέστησε
When the king assented and he gained control of the office, he at once shifted his compatriots toward the Greek stamp of life.
Royal approval immediately translates into cultural reorientation under Jason.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπινεύσαντοςassentVA · ααπγσμ νεύω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionνεύω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'assent' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive modifier or complementἀρχή: lexical item rendered 'beginning' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κρατήσαςgain controlVA · ααπνσμ κρατέωparticiple elaborating the clause actionκρατέω: verbal form rendered 'gain control' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εὐθέωςimmediatelyD · εὐθέωςadverbial modifier of the clauseεὐθέως: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'immediately' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἙλληνικὸνGreekN2 ASM · Ἑλληνικόςobject or complement within the clauseἙλληνικός: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Greek' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
χαρακτῆραstampN3H ASM · χαρακτήρobject or complement within the clauseχαρακτήρ: lexical item rendered 'stamp' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὁμοφύλουςkinsmanA1B APM · ὁμόφυλοςobject or complement within the clauseὁμόφυλος: lexical item rendered 'kinsman' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μετέστησεtransferredVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + μεταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ μετα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
11
καὶ τὰ κείμενα τοῖς Ιουδαίοις φιλάνθρωπα βασιλικὰ διὰ Ιωάννου τοῦ πατρὸς Εὐπολέμου τοῦ ποιησαμένου τὴν πρεσβείαν ὑπὲρ φιλίας καὶ συμμαχίας πρὸς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους παρώσας καὶ τὰς μὲν νομίμους καταλύων πολιτείας παρανόμους ἐθισμοὺς ἐκαίνιζεν
Setting aside the humane royal concessions granted to the Jews through John the father of Eupolemus, who had undertaken the embassy for friendship and alliance with the Romans, and abolishing the lawful civic arrangements, he introduced unlawful customs.
Jason overturns prior protections and replaces ancestral order with innovations contrary to the law.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κείμεναbeing setV5 · πμπαπν κεῖμαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionκεῖμαι: verbal form rendered 'being set' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΙουδαίοιςJewN2 DPM · Ἰουδαῖοςdative complement or reference termἸουδαῖος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jew' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
φιλάνθρωπαhumane thingsA1B APN · φιλάνθρωποςobject or complement within the clauseφιλάνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'humane things' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλικὰroyal duesA1 APN · βασιλικόςobject or complement within the clauseβασιλικός: lexical item rendered 'royal dues' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΙωάννουJohnN GSM · Ιωάννηςparticle or connective shaping the clauseΙωάννης: proper name or toponym, rendered 'John' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive modifier or complementπατήρ: lexical item rendered 'father' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΕὐπολέμουEupolemusN2 GSM · Εὐπόλεμοςgenitive modifier or complementΕὐπόλεμος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Eupolemus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ποιησαμένουdoVA · αμπγσμ ποιέωparticiple elaborating the clause actionποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρεσβείανembassyN1A ASF · πρεσβείαobject or complement within the clauseπρεσβεία: lexical item rendered 'embassy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for / on behalf of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
φιλίαςfriendshipN1A GSF · φιλίαgenitive modifier or complementφιλία: lexical item rendered 'friendship' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
συμμαχίαςallianceN1A GSF · συμμαχίαgenitive modifier or complementσυμμαχία: lexical item rendered 'alliance' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ῬωμαίουςRomansN2 APM · Ῥωμαῖοςobject or complement within the clauseῬωμαῖος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Romans' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
παρώσαςpush asideVA · ααπνσμ ὠθέω + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionὠθέω + παρα: verbal form rendered 'push aside' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
νομίμουςlawfulA1 APM · νόμιμοςobject or complement within the clauseνόμιμος: lexical item rendered 'lawful' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καταλύωνreleaseV1 · παπνσμ λύω + καταparticiple elaborating the clause actionλύω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'release' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
πολιτείαςcivic orderN1A APF · πολιτείαobject or complement within the clauseπολιτεία: lexical item rendered 'civic order' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρανόμουςlawlessA1B APM · παράνομοςobject or complement within the clauseπαράνομος: lexical item rendered 'lawless' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐθισμοὺςcustomN2 APM · ἐθισμόςobject or complement within the clauseἐθισμός: lexical item rendered 'custom' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐκαίνιζενintroduce anewV1I IAI3S · καινίζωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeκαινίζω: verbal form rendered 'introduce anew' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
12
ἀσμένως γὰρ ὑπ' αὐτὴν τὴν ἀκρόπολιν γυμνάσιον καθίδρυσεν καὶ τοὺς κρατίστους τῶν ἐφήβων ὑποτάσσων ὑπὸ πέτασον ἤγαγεν
For he gladly founded a gymnasium under the citadel itself and brought the noblest of the young men under the Greek cap.
The physical siting of the gymnasium dramatizes how aggressively Greek customs invade sacred space.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀσμένωςgladlyD · ἀσμένωςadverbial modifier of the clauseἀσμένως: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'gladly' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
γὰρforX · γάρclause connective or particleγάρ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὑπ'byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςobject or complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'it' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀκρόπολινcitadelN3I ASF · ἀκρόπολιςobject or complement within the clauseἀκρόπολις: lexical item rendered 'citadel' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γυμνάσιονa gymnasiumN2N ASN · γυμνάσιονobject or complement within the clauseγυμνάσιον: lexical item rendered 'a gymnasium' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καθίδρυσενfoundedVA AAI3S · ἱδρύω + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κρατίστουςbetterA1 APMS · κρείσσωνobject or complement within the clauseκρείσσων: lexical item rendered 'better' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐφήβωνyouthN2 GPM · ἐφήβοςgenitive modifier or complementἐφήβος: lexical item rendered 'youth' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑποτάσσωνassignV1 · παπνσμ τάσσω + ὑποparticiple elaborating the clause actionτάσσω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'assign' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πέτασονcapN2 ASM · πέτασοςobject or complement within the clauseπέτασος: lexical item rendered 'cap' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeἄγω: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
13
ἦν δ' οὕτως ἀκμή τις Ἑλληνισμοῦ καὶ πρόσβασις ἀλλοφυλισμοῦ διὰ τὴν τοῦ ἀσεβοῦς καὶ οὐκ ἀρχιερέως Ἰάσωνος ὑπερβάλλουσαν ἀναγνείαν
There was thus a height of Hellenism and an advance of foreign ways because of the extraordinary impiety of Jason, who was no true high priest.
The narrator explicitly judges Jason's policy as apostasy rather than neutral reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δ'butX · δέparticle or connective shaping the clauseδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὕτως: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'thus' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀκμήheightN1 NSF · ἀκμήsubject or predicate element within the clauseἀκμή: lexical item rendered 'height' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τιςanyoneRI NSF · τιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseτις: lexical item rendered 'anyone' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἙλληνισμοῦHellenismN2 GSM · Ἑλληνισμόςgenitive modifier or complementἙλληνισμός: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Hellenism' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πρόσβασιςadvanceN3I NSF · πρόσβασιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseπρόσβασις: lexical item rendered 'advance' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀλλοφυλισμοῦforeign waysN2 GSM · ἀλλοφυλισμόςgenitive modifier or complementἀλλοφυλισμός: lexical item rendered 'foreign ways' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀσεβοῦςwickedA3H GSN · ἀσεβήςgenitive modifier or complementἀσεβής: lexical item rendered 'wicked' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀρχιερέωςhigh priestN3V GSM · ἀρχιερεύςgenitive modifier or complementἀρχιερεύς: lexical item rendered 'high priest' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἸάσωνοςJasonN3W GSM · Ἰάσωνgenitive modifier or complementἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὑπερβάλλουσανthrowV1 · παπασφ βάλλω + ὑπερparticiple elaborating the clause actionβάλλω + ὑπερ: verbal form rendered 'throw' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἀναγνείανshamelessnessN1A ASF · ἀναγνείαobject or complement within the clauseἀναγνεία: lexical item rendered 'shamelessness' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
14
ὥστε μηκέτι περὶ τὰς τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου λειτουργίας προθύμους εἶναι τοὺς ἱερεῖς ἀλλὰ τοῦ μὲν νεὼ καταφρονοῦντες καὶ τῶν θυσιῶν ἀμελοῦντες ἔσπευδον μετέχειν τῆς ἐν παλαίστρῃ παρανόμου χορηγίας μετὰ τὴν τοῦ δίσκου πρόσκλησιν
So that the priests were no longer zealous for the services of the altar, but despising the temple and neglecting the sacrifices, they hurried to share in the unlawful provision in the wrestling ground after the summons to the discus.
Priestly neglect of sacrifice is shown as the immediate liturgical consequence of Hellenizing fashion.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεclause connective or particleὥστε: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'so that' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
μηκέτιno longerD · μηκέτιadverbial modifier of the clauseμηκέτι: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'no longer' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'concerning / about' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive modifier or complementθυσιαστήριον: lexical item rendered 'altar' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
λειτουργίαςservicesN1A APF · λειτουργίαobject or complement within the clauseλειτουργία: lexical item rendered 'services' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προθύμουςeagerA1B APF · πρόθυμοςobject or complement within the clauseπρόθυμος: lexical item rendered 'eager' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'to be' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V APM · ἱερεύςobject or complement within the clauseἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priest' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάclause connective or particleἀλλά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
νεὼtempleN2 GSM · νεώςgenitive modifier or complementνεώς: lexical item rendered 'temple' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καταφρονοῦντεςthinkV2 · παπνπμ φρονέω + καταparticiple elaborating the clause actionφρονέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'think' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
θυσιῶνsacrificesN1A GPF · θυσίαgenitive modifier or complementθυσία: lexical item rendered 'sacrifices' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀμελοῦντεςneglectV2 · παπνπμ ἀμελέωparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀμελέω: verbal form rendered 'neglect' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἔσπευδονhurryV1I IAI3P · σπεύδωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeσπεύδω: verbal form rendered 'hurry' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
μετέχεινto partakeV1 PAN · ἔχω + μεταinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ μετα: verbal form rendered 'to partake' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
παλαίστρῃwrestling groundN1A DSF · παλαίστραdative complement or reference termπαλαίστρα: lexical item rendered 'wrestling ground' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρανόμουlawlessA1B GSF · παράνομοςgenitive modifier or complementπαράνομος: lexical item rendered 'lawless' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χορηγίαςprovisionN1A GSF · χορηγίαgenitive modifier or complementχορηγία: lexical item rendered 'provision' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'with' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δίσκουdiscusN2 GSM · δίσκοςgenitive modifier or complementδίσκος: lexical item rendered 'discus' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρόσκλησινsummonsN3I ASF · πρόσκλησιςobject or complement within the clauseπρόσκλησις: lexical item rendered 'summons' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
15
καὶ τὰς μὲν πατρῴους τιμὰς ἐν οὐδενὶ τιθέμενοι τὰς δὲ Ἑλληνικὰς δόξας καλλίστας ἡγούμενοι
And regarding the ancestral honors as nothing, they counted the Greek distinctions as finest.
The value system of the leadership is shown to have been reversed.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πατρῴουςancestralA1B APF · πατρῷοςobject or complement within the clauseπατρῷος: lexical item rendered 'ancestral' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τιμὰςhonorN1 APF · τιμήobject or complement within the clauseτιμή: lexical item rendered 'honor' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὐδενὶno oneA3 DSM · οὐδείςdative complement or reference termοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τιθέμενοιtithemiV7 · πμπνπμ τίθημιparticiple elaborating the clause actionτίθημι: verbal form rendered 'tithemi' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἙλληνικὰςGreekN APF · Ἑλληνικόςparticle or connective shaping the clauseἙλληνικός: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Greek' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
δόξαςsplendorsN1S APF · δόξαobject or complement within the clauseδόξα: lexical item rendered 'splendors' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καλλίσταςbeautifulA1 APFS · καλόςobject or complement within the clauseκαλός: lexical item rendered 'beautiful' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionἡγέομαι: verbal form rendered 'leading / captains' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
16
ὧν καὶ χάριν περιέσχεν αὐτοὺς χαλεπὴ περίστασις καὶ ὧν ἐζήλουν τὰς ἀγωγὰς καὶ καθ' ἅπαν ἤθελον ἐξομοιοῦσθαι τούτους πολεμίους καὶ τιμωρητὰς ἔσχον
For this reason a severe crisis surrounded them, and those whose ways they envied and in every respect wished to imitate they found to be their enemies and punishers.
The narrator underscores the irony that imitation of Greek power yields oppression rather than security.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςgenitive modifier or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςobject or complement within the clauseχάρις: lexical item rendered 'favor' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περιέσχενhe overlaidVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + περιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ περι: verbal form rendered 'he overlaid' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςobject or complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'them' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χαλεπὴharshA1 NSF · χαλεπόςsubject or predicate element within the clauseχαλεπός: lexical item rendered 'harsh' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περίστασιςcrisisN3I NSF · περίστασιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseπερίστασις: lexical item rendered 'crisis' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςgenitive modifier or complementὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐζήλουνenvyV4I IAI3P · ζηλόωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeζηλόω: verbal form rendered 'envy' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀγωγὰςconductN1 APF · ἀγωγήobject or complement within the clauseἀγωγή: lexical item rendered 'conduct' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in / during' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἅπανallA3P ASN · ἅπαςobject or complement within the clauseἅπας: lexical item rendered 'all' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἤθελονwere willing / wouldV1I IAI3P · ἐθέλωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeἐθέλω: verbal form rendered 'were willing / would' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐξομοιοῦσθαιto become likeV4 PMN · ὁμοιόω + ἐκinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ ἐκ: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςobject or complement within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πολεμίουςenemyA1A APM · πολέμιοςobject or complement within the clauseπολέμιος: lexical item rendered 'enemy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τιμωρητὰςavengerN1M APM · τιμωρητήςobject or complement within the clauseτιμωρητής: lexical item rendered 'avenger' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἔσχονthey had enduredVBI AAI3P · ἔχωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeἔχω: verbal form rendered 'they had endured' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
17
ἀσεβεῖν γὰρ εἰς τοὺς θείους νόμους οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἀλλὰ ταῦτα ὁ ἀκόλουθος καιρὸς δηλώσει
For it is no easy thing to act impiously toward the divine laws; but the time that follows will make these things clear.
This authorial aside marks the narrative as a moral demonstration.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀσεβεῖνact impiouslyV2 PAN · ἀσεβέωinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseἀσεβέω: verbal form rendered 'act impiously' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
γὰρforX · γάρclause connective or particleγάρ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
θείουςdivineA1A APM · θεῖοςobject or complement within the clauseθεῖος: lexical item rendered 'divine' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
νόμουςlawN2 APM · νόμοςobject or complement within the clauseνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ῥᾴδιονeasyA1A ASM · ῥᾴδιοςobject or complement within the clauseῥᾴδιος: lexical item rendered 'easy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάclause connective or particleἀλλά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςobject or complement within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these things' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀκόλουθοςfollowingA NSM · ἀκόλουθοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἀκόλουθος: lexical item rendered 'following' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καιρὸςtimeN2 NSM · καιρόςsubject or predicate element within the clauseκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δηλώσειshowVF FAI3S · δηλόωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeδηλόω: verbal form rendered 'show' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
18
ἀγομένου δὲ πενταετηρικοῦ ἀγῶνος ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως παρόντος
When the quinquennial games were being held at Tyre and the king was present,
The public festival setting prepares for a display of Jason's misplaced loyalties.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγομένουleadV1 · πμπγσμ ἄγωparticiple elaborating the clause actionἄγω: verbal form rendered 'lead' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πενταετηρικοῦquinquennialA1 GSM · πενταετηρικόςgenitive modifier or complementπενταετηρικός: lexical item rendered 'quinquennial' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀγῶνοςgamesN3W GSM · ἀγώνgenitive modifier or complementἀγών: lexical item rendered 'games' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΤύρῳTyreN2 DSM · Τύροςdative complement or reference termΤύρος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Tyre' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρόντοςbeV9 · παπγσμ εἰμί + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionεἰμί + παρα: verbal form rendered 'be' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
19
ἀπέστειλεν Ἰάσων ὁ μιαρὸς θεωροὺς ὡς ἀπὸ Ιεροσολύμων Ἀντιοχεῖς ὄντας παρακομίζοντας ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς τριακοσίας εἰς τὴν τοῦ Ἡρακλέους θυσίαν ἃς καὶ ἠξίωσαν οἱ παρακομίσαντες μὴ χρῆσθαι εἰς θυσίαν διὰ τὸ μὴ καθήκειν εἰς ἑτέραν δὲ καταθέσθαι δαπάνην
Jason the defiled sent envoys, representing Antiochenes from Jerusalem, carrying three hundred silver drachmas for the sacrifice of Heracles; yet the men who carried them asked that they not be used for sacrifice, because that was unfitting, but be set aside for another expense.
Even Jason's offering to a pagan cult is complicated by the scruples of the bearers themselves.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'sent' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἸάσωνJasonN3W NSM · Ἰάσωνsubject or predicate element within the clauseἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μιαρὸςdefiledA1A NSM · μιαρόςsubject or predicate element within the clauseμιαρός: lexical item rendered 'defiled' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
θεωροὺςenvoyN2 APM · θεωρόςobject or complement within the clauseθεωρός: lexical item rendered 'envoy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὡςasC · ὡςclause connective or particleὡς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'as' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'from' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΙεροσολύμωνJerusalemN3M GSM · Ιεροσόλυμαgenitive modifier or complementΙεροσόλυμα: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἈντιοχεῖςAntiocheneN3V APM · Ἀντιοχεύςobject or complement within the clauseἈντιοχεύς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antiochene' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὄνταςbeingV9 · παπαπμ εἰμίparticiple elaborating the clause actionεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'being' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
παρακομίζονταςbringV1 · παπαπμ κομίζω + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionκομίζω + παρα: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive modifier or complementἀργύριον: lexical item rendered 'silver' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δραχμὰςdrachmaN1 APF · δραχμήobject or complement within the clauseδραχμή: lexical item rendered 'drachma' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τριακοσίαςthree hundredA1A APF · τριακόσιοιobject or complement within the clauseτριακόσιοι: lexical item rendered 'three hundred' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἩρακλέουςHeraclesN GSM · Ἡρακλῆςparticle or connective shaping the clauseἩρακλῆς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Heracles' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαobject or complement within the clauseθυσία: lexical item rendered 'sacrifice' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἠξίωσανaskedVAI AAI3P · ἀξιόωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeἀξιόω: verbal form rendered 'asked' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρακομίσαντεςbringVA · ααπνπμ κομίζω + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionκομίζω + παρα: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
χρῆσθαιactV3 PMN · χράομαιinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseχράομαι: verbal form rendered 'act' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαobject or complement within the clauseθυσία: lexical item rendered 'sacrifice' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καθήκεινto be fittingV1 PAN · ἥκω + καταinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἑτέρανanotherA1A ASF · ἕτεροςobject or complement within the clauseἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'another' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καταθέσθαιto depositVE AMN · τίθημι + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δαπάνηνexpenseN1 ASF · δαπάνηobject or complement within the clauseδαπάνη: lexical item rendered 'expense' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
20
ἔπεσε μὲν οὖν ταῦτα διὰ μὲν τὸν ἀποστείλαντα εἰς τὴν τοῦ Ἡρακλέους θυσίαν ἕνεκεν δὲ τῶν παρακομιζόντων εἰς τὰς τῶν τριηρέων κατασκευάς
So the money was designated by the sender for the sacrifice of Heracles, but because of those who brought it, for the outfitting of the triremes.
The narrator distinguishes Jason's intent from the practical redirection of the funds.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἔπεσεpiptoVAI AAI3S · πίπτωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeπίπτω: verbal form rendered 'pipto' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνclause connective or particleοὖν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςobject or complement within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these things' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀποστείλανταwho sentVA · ααπασμ στέλλω + ἀποparticiple elaborating the clause actionστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'who sent' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἩρακλέουςHeraclesN GSM · Ἡρακλῆςparticle or connective shaping the clauseἩρακλῆς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Heracles' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαobject or complement within the clauseθυσία: lexical item rendered 'sacrifice' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complementἕνεκεν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for the sake of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρακομιζόντωνbringV1 · παπγπμ κομίζω + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionκομίζω + παρα: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τριηρέωνtriremeN3 GPF · τριήρηςgenitive modifier or complementτριήρης: lexical item rendered 'trireme' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατασκευάςequipmentN1 APF · κατασκευήobject or complement within the clauseκατασκευή: lexical item rendered 'equipment' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
21
ἀποσταλέντος δὲ εἰς Αἴγυπτον Ἀπολλωνίου τοῦ Μενεσθέως διὰ τὰ πρωτοκλίσια τοῦ Φιλομήτορος βασιλέως μεταλαβὼν Ἀντίοχος ἀλλότριον αὐτὸν τῶν αὐτοῦ γεγονέναι πραγμάτων τῆς καθ' αὑτὸν ἀσφαλείας ἐφρόντιζεν ὅθεν εἰς Ιοππην παραγενόμενος κατήντησεν εἰς Ιεροσόλυμα
When Apollonius son of Menestheus had been sent to Egypt for the accession festivities of King Philometor, Antiochus, having learned that the latter had become alien to his affairs, took thought for his own security; and so, arriving at Joppa, he came to Jerusalem.
International court politics bring Antiochus himself into Judean affairs.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἀποσταλέντοςsendVD · αππγσμ στέλλω + ἀποparticiple elaborating the clause actionστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'send' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςobject or complement within the clauseΑἴγυπτος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Egypt' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
Ἀπολλωνίουof ApolloniusN2 GSM · Ἀπολλώνιοςgenitive modifier or complementἈπολλώνιος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'of Apollonius' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενεσθέωςMenestheusN3I GSM · Μενεσθεύςgenitive modifier or complementΜενεσθεύς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menestheus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρωτοκλίσιαaccession feastN2N APN · πρωτοκλίσιονobject or complement within the clauseπρωτοκλίσιον: lexical item rendered 'accession feast' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΦιλομήτοροςPhilometorN3R GSM · Φιλομήτωρgenitive modifier or complementΦιλομήτωρ: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Philometor' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μεταλαβὼνtakeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + μεταparticiple elaborating the clause actionλαμβάνω + μετα: verbal form rendered 'take' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἈντίοχοςAntiochusN2 NSM · Ἀντίοχοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἈντίοχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀλλότριονstrange / alienA1A ASM · ἀλλότριοςobject or complement within the clauseἀλλότριος: lexical item rendered 'strange / alien' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςobject or complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γεγονέναιit came to passVX XAN · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'it came to pass' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
πραγμάτωνaffairsN3M GPN · πρᾶγμαgenitive modifier or complementπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'affairs' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in / during' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αὑτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦobject or complement within the clauseἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'himself' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀσφαλείαςsafetyN1A GSF · ἀσφάλειαgenitive modifier or complementἀσφάλεια: lexical item rendered 'safety' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐφρόντιζενbe concernedV1I IAI3S · φροντίζωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeφροντίζω: verbal form rendered 'be concerned' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clauseὅθεν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΙοππηνJoppaN1 ASF · Ιοππηobject or complement within the clauseΙοππη: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Joppa' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
παραγενόμενοςhaving arrivedVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαι + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionγίγνομαι + παρα: verbal form rendered 'having arrived' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
κατήντησενsecuredVAI AAI3S · ἀντάω + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΙεροσόλυμαJerusalemN3M ASM · Ιεροσόλυμαobject or complement within the clauseΙεροσόλυμα: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
22
μεγαλομερῶς δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰάσωνος καὶ τῆς πόλεως ἀποδεχθεὶς μετὰ δᾳδουχίας καὶ βοῶν εἰσεδέχθη εἶθ' οὕτως εἰς τὴν Φοινίκην κατεστρατοπέδευσεν
And having been received magnificently by Jason and the city, with torchlight procession and shouting, he was welcomed; and then in this way he encamped in Phoenicia.
Jerusalem publicly honors the king in a display that reflects Jason's program.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
μεγαλομερῶςmagnificentlyD · μεγαλομερῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseμεγαλομερῶς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'magnificently' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἸάσωνοςJasonN3W GSM · Ἰάσωνgenitive modifier or complementἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier or complementπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀποδεχθεὶςreceiveVQ · αππνσμ δέχομαι + ἀποparticiple elaborating the clause actionδέχομαι + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'receive' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'with' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δᾳδουχίαςtorchlight processionN1A GSF · δᾳδουχίαgenitive modifier or complementδᾳδουχία: lexical item rendered 'torchlight procession' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
βοῶνcattleN3 GPM · βοῦςgenitive modifier or complementβοῦς: lexical item rendered 'cattle' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἰσεδέχθηwas receivedVQI API3S · δέχομαι + εἰςfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ εἰς: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἶθ'thenI · εἴθεparticle or connective shaping the clauseεἴθε: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'then' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὕτως: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'thus' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΦοινίκηνPhoeniciaN1 ASF · Φοινίκηobject or complement within the clauseΦοινίκη: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Phoenicia' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
κατεστρατοπέδευσενencampedVAI AAI3S · στρατοπεδεύω + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered 'encamped' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
23
μετὰ δὲ τριετῆ χρόνον ἀπέστειλεν Ἰάσων Μενέλαον τὸν τοῦ προσημαινομένου Σιμωνος ἀδελφὸν παρακομίζοντα τὰ χρήματα τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ περὶ πραγμάτων ἀναγκαίων ὑπομνηματισμοὺς τελέσοντα
After a period of three years Jason sent Menelaus, the brother of the previously mentioned Simon, to carry the money to the king and to complete memoranda concerning necessary matters.
The mission that should have served Jason instead creates the opening for his replacement.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'with' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τριετῆthree-yearN1M GSM · τριετήςgenitive modifier or complementτριετής: lexical item rendered 'three-year' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςobject or complement within the clauseχρόνος: lexical item rendered 'time' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'sent' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἸάσωνJasonN3W NSM · Ἰάσωνsubject or predicate element within the clauseἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ΜενέλαονMenelausN2 ASM · Μενέλαοςobject or complement within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προσημαινομένουindicateV1 · πμπγσμ σημαίνω + προparticiple elaborating the clause actionσημαίνω + προ: verbal form rendered 'indicate' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ΣιμωνοςSimonN3W GSM · Σιμωνgenitive modifier or complementΣιμων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Simon' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςobject or complement within the clauseἀδελφός: lexical item rendered 'brother' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρακομίζονταbringV1 · παπασμ κομίζω + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionκομίζω + παρα: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χρήματαwealthN3M APN · χρῆμαobject or complement within the clauseχρῆμα: lexical item rendered 'wealth' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complement or reference termβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'concerning / about' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πραγμάτωνaffairsN3M GPN · πρᾶγμαgenitive modifier or complementπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'affairs' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀναγκαίωνnecessaryA1A GPN · ἀναγκαῖοςgenitive modifier or complementἀναγκαῖος: lexical item rendered 'necessary' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπομνηματισμοὺςmemorandumN2 APM · ὑπομνηματισμόςobject or complement within the clauseὑπομνηματισμός: lexical item rendered 'memorandum' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τελέσονταcompleteVF · φαπασμ τελέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeτελέω: verbal form rendered 'complete' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
24
ὁ δὲ συσταθεὶς τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ δοξάσας αὐτὸν τῷ προσώπῳ τῆς ἐξουσίας εἰς ἑαυτὸν κατήντησεν τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην ὑπερβαλὼν τὸν Ἰάσωνα τάλαντα ἀργυρίου τριακόσια
But he, once introduced to the king and having magnified him by the display of his authority, secured the high priesthood for himself, outbidding Jason by three hundred talents of silver.
Menelaus gains the office through flattery and a larger bribe.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
συσταθεὶςstandVC · αππνσμ ἵστημι + συνparticiple elaborating the clause actionἵστημι + συν: verbal form rendered 'stand' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complement or reference termβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δοξάσαςhonorVA · ααπνσμ δοξάζωparticiple elaborating the clause actionδοξάζω: verbal form rendered 'honor' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςobject or complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative complement or reference termπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'of face' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐξουσίαςauthorityN1A GSF · ἐξουσίαgenitive modifier or complementἐξουσία: lexical item rendered 'authority' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦobject or complement within the clauseἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'himself' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατήντησενsecuredVAI AAI3S · ἀντάω + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀρχιερωσύνηνhigh priesthoodN1 ASF · ἀρχιερωσύνηobject or complement within the clauseἀρχιερωσύνη: lexical item rendered 'high priesthood' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπερβαλὼνthrowVB · ααπνσμ βάλλω + ὑπερparticiple elaborating the clause actionβάλλω + ὑπερ: verbal form rendered 'throw' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἸάσωναJasonN3W ASM · Ἰάσωνobject or complement within the clauseἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τάλανταtalentN2N APN · τάλαντονobject or complement within the clauseτάλαντον: lexical item rendered 'talent' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive modifier or complementἀργύριον: lexical item rendered 'silver' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τριακόσιαthree hundredA1A APN · τριακόσιοιobject or complement within the clauseτριακόσιοι: lexical item rendered 'three hundred' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
25
λαβὼν δὲ τὰς βασιλικὰς ἐντολὰς παρεγένετο τῆς μὲν ἀρχιερωσύνης οὐδὲν ἄξιον φέρων θυμοὺς δὲ ὠμοῦ τυράννου καὶ θηρὸς βαρβάρου ὀργὰς ἔχων
And after receiving the king's commands he came back, bringing nothing worthy of the high priesthood, but possessing the passions of a harsh tyrant and the angers of a savage beast.
The narrator portrays Menelaus as morally unfit from the outset.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
λαβὼνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωparticiple elaborating the clause actionλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'having taken' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλικὰςroyal storehousesA1 APF · βασιλικόςobject or complement within the clauseβασιλικός: lexical item rendered 'royal storehouses' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsN1A APF · ἐντολήobject or complement within the clauseἐντολή: lexical item rendered 'commandments' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρεγένετογίγνομαιVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαι + παραfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ παρα: verbal form rendered 'γίγνομαι' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀρχιερωσύνηςhigh priesthoodN1 GSF · ἀρχιερωσύνηgenitive modifier or complementἀρχιερωσύνη: lexical item rendered 'high priesthood' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςobject or complement within the clauseοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἄξιονworthyA1A ASN · ἄξιοςobject or complement within the clauseἄξιος: lexical item rendered 'worthy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
φέρωνbringV1 · παπνσμ φέρωparticiple elaborating the clause actionφέρω: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
θυμοὺςangerN2 APM · θυμόςobject or complement within the clauseθυμός: lexical item rendered 'anger' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὠμοῦcruelN2 GSM · ὦμοςgenitive modifier or complementὦμος: lexical item rendered 'cruel' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τυράννουtyrantN2 GSM · τύραννοςgenitive modifier or complementτύραννος: lexical item rendered 'tyrant' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
θηρὸςbeastN3 GSM · θήρgenitive modifier or complementθήρ: lexical item rendered 'beast' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βαρβάρουbarbarianA1B GSM · βάρβαροςgenitive modifier or complementβάρβαρος: lexical item rendered 'barbarian' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὀργὰςangerN1 APF · ὀργήobject or complement within the clauseὀργή: lexical item rendered 'anger' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωparticiple elaborating the clause actionἔχω: verbal form rendered 'having' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
26
καὶ ὁ μὲν Ἰάσων ὁ τὸν ἴδιον ἀδελφὸν ὑπονοθεύσας ὑπονοθευθεὶς ὑφ' ἑτέρου φυγὰς εἰς τὴν Αμμανῖτιν χώραν συνήλαστο
And Jason, who had supplanted his own brother, was himself supplanted by another and driven as a fugitive into the land of the Ammonites.
The chapter highlights poetic reversal in Jason's own expulsion.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἸάσωνJasonN3W NSM · Ἰάσωνsubject or predicate element within the clauseἸάσων: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jason' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἴδιονownA1A ASM · ἴδιοςobject or complement within the clauseἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'own' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςobject or complement within the clauseἀδελφός: lexical item rendered 'brother' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπονοθεύσαςobtain by fraudVA · ααπνσμ νοθεύω + ὑποparticiple elaborating the clause actionνοθεύω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'obtain by fraud' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὑπονοθευθεὶςobtain by fraudVC · αππνσμ νοθεύω + ὑποparticiple elaborating the clause actionνοθεύω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'obtain by fraud' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὑφ'under / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'under / by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἑτέρουotherA1A GSM · ἕτεροςgenitive modifier or complementἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'other' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
φυγὰςfugitiveN3D NSM · φυγάςsubject or predicate element within the clauseφυγάς: lexical item rendered 'fugitive' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΑμμανῖτινAmmonitisN3I ASF · Αμμανῖτιςobject or complement within the clauseΑμμανῖτις: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Ammonitis' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
χώρανcountryN1A ASF · χώραobject or complement within the clauseχώρα: lexical item rendered 'country' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
συνήλαστοwas driven outVMI YMI3S · ἐλαύνω + συνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ συν: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
27
ὁ δὲ Μενέλαος τῆς μὲν ἀρχῆς ἐκράτει τῶν δὲ ἐπηγγελμένων τῷ βασιλεῖ χρημάτων οὐδὲν εὐτάκτει
But Menelaus held the office, while of the money promised to the king he made no orderly payment.
Menelaus keeps power without fulfilling the financial bargain that won it.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΜενέλαοςMenelausN2 NSM · Μενέλαοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive modifier or complementἀρχή: lexical item rendered 'beginning' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐκράτειkratosV2I IAI3S · κρατέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeκρατέω: verbal form rendered 'kratos' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐπηγγελμένωνannounceVM · χμπγπμ ἀγγέλλω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀγγέλλω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'announce' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative complement or reference termβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χρημάτωνwealthN3M GPN · χρῆμαgenitive modifier or complementχρῆμα: lexical item rendered 'wealth' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςobject or complement within the clauseοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εὐτάκτειpay regularlyV2 PAD2S · εὐτακτέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeεὐτακτέω: verbal form rendered 'pay regularly' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
28
ποιουμένου δὲ τὴν ἀπαίτησιν Σωστράτου τοῦ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως ἐπάρχου πρὸς τοῦτον γὰρ ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις δι' ἣν αἰτίαν οἱ δύο ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως προσεκλήθησαν
When Sostratus, the governor of the citadel, made demand from him, for to him belonged the collection of the revenues, for this reason the two of them were summoned by the king.
The dispute over revenue administration forces the matter back to the royal court.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ποιουμένουdoV2 · πμπγσμ ποιέωparticiple elaborating the clause actionποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀπαίτησινexactionN3I ASF · ἀπαίτησιςobject or complement within the clauseἀπαίτησις: lexical item rendered 'exaction' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΣωστράτουSostratusN2 GSM · Σώστρατοςgenitive modifier or complementΣώστρατος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Sostratus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀκροπόλεωςcitadelN3I GSF · ἀκρόπολιςgenitive modifier or complementἀκρόπολις: lexical item rendered 'citadel' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπάρχουgovernorN2 GSM · ἔπαρχοςgenitive modifier or complementἔπαρχος: lexical item rendered 'governor' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςobject or complement within the clauseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γὰρforX · γάρclause connective or particleγάρ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διαφόρωνrevenueA1B GPN · διάφοροςgenitive modifier or complementδιάφορος: lexical item rendered 'revenue' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρᾶξιςcollectionN3I NSF · πρᾶξιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseπρᾶξις: lexical item rendered 'collection' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / whom' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αἰτίανcause for reproachN1A ASF · αἰτίαobject or complement within the clauseαἰτία: lexical item rendered 'cause for reproach' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοparticle or connective shaping the clauseδύο: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'two' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προσεκλήθησανwere summonedVCI API3P · καλέω + προςfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ προς: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
29
καὶ ὁ μὲν Μενέλαος ἀπέλιπεν τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης διάδοχον Λυσίμαχον τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἀδελφόν Σώστρατος δὲ Κράτητα τὸν ἐπὶ τῶν Κυπρίων
And Menelaus left Lysimachus his own brother as deputy in the high priesthood, while Sostratus left Crates over the Cyprians.
Both parties appoint substitutes while they answer the king's summons.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΜενέλαοςMenelausN2 NSM · Μενέλαοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀπέλιπενleftVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'left' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀρχιερωσύνηςhigh priesthoodN1 GSF · ἀρχιερωσύνηgenitive modifier or complementἀρχιερωσύνη: lexical item rendered 'high priesthood' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διάδοχονdeputy / successorN2 ASM · διάδοχοςobject or complement within the clauseδιάδοχος: lexical item rendered 'deputy / successor' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΛυσίμαχονLysimachusN2 ASM · Λυσίμαχοςobject or complement within the clauseΛυσίμαχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Lysimachus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦgenitive modifier or complementἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'his own' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀδελφόνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςobject or complement within the clauseἀδελφός: lexical item rendered 'brother' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΣώστρατοςSostratusN2 NSM · Σώστρατοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΣώστρατος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Sostratus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΚράτηταCratesN3T ASM · Κράτηςobject or complement within the clauseΚράτης: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Crates' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΚυπρίωνCypriansN2 GPM · Κύπριοιgenitive modifier or complementΚύπριοι: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Cyprians' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
30
τοιούτων δὲ συνεστηκότων συνέβη Ταρσεῖς καὶ Μαλλώτας στασιάζειν διὰ τὸ Ἀντιοχίδι τῇ παλλακῇ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν δωρεᾷ δεδόσθαι
While these things stood thus, it happened that the people of Tarsus and Mallus rebelled because they had been given as a gift to Antiochis, the king's concubine.
A wider political disturbance distracts the king from Judean matters for a time.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τοιούτωνsuchA1 GPM · τοιοῦτοςgenitive modifier or complementτοιοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'such' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
συνεστηκότωνwhile matters stoodVXI XAPGPM I(/STHMI SUNfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeσυνεστηκότων: verbal form rendered 'while matters stood' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
συνέβηit happenedVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ συν: verbal form rendered 'it happened' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ΤαρσεῖςTarsiansN AP · Ταρσεῖςparticle or connective shaping the clauseΤαρσεῖς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Tarsians' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΜαλλώταςMalliansN AP · Μαλλῶταιparticle or connective shaping the clauseΜαλλῶται: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Mallians' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
στασιάζεινrevoltV1 PAN · στασιάζωinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseστασιάζω: verbal form rendered 'revolt' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἈντιοχίδιAntiochisN3D DSF · Ἀντιοχίςdative complement or reference termἈντιοχίς: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antiochis' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative complement or reference termὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παλλακῇconcubineN1 DSF · παλλακήdative complement or reference termπαλλακή: lexical item rendered 'concubine' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δωρεᾷgiftN1A DSF · δωρεάdative complement or reference termδωρεά: lexical item rendered 'gift' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δεδόσθαιto have been givenVM XMN · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeδίδωμι: verbal form rendered 'to have been given' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
31
θᾶττον οὖν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἧκεν καταστεῖλαι τὰ πράγματα καταλιπὼν τὸν διαδεχόμενον Ἀνδρόνικον τῶν ἐν ἀξιώματι κειμένων
The king therefore came quickly to settle the affairs, leaving Andronicus, one of those in office, as his successor.
Antiochus's departure places local power in Andronicus's hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
θᾶττονquicklyA3C ASNC · ταχύςobject or complement within the clauseταχύς: lexical item rendered 'quickly' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνclause connective or particleοὖν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject or predicate element within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἧκενsendVHI AAI3S · ἵημιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeἵημι: verbal form rendered 'send' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καταστεῖλαιto settleVA AAN · στέλλω + καταinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πράγματαmatterN3M APN · πρᾶγμαobject or complement within the clauseπρᾶγμα: lexical item rendered 'matter' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καταλιπὼνleaving behindVB · ααπνσμ λείπω + καταparticiple elaborating the clause actionλείπω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'leaving behind' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διαδεχόμενονreceiveV1 · πμπασμ δέχομαι + διαparticiple elaborating the clause actionδέχομαι + δια: verbal form rendered 'receive' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἈνδρόνικονAndronicusN2 ASM · Ἀνδρόνικοςobject or complement within the clauseἈνδρόνικος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Andronicus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀξιώματιofficeN3M DSN · ἀξίωμαdative complement or reference termἀξίωμα: lexical item rendered 'office' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κειμένωνlieV5 · πμπγπμ κεῖμαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionκεῖμαι: verbal form rendered 'lie' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
32
νομίσας δὲ ὁ Μενέλαος εἰληφέναι καιρὸν εὐφυῆ χρυσώματά τινα τῶν τοῦ ἱεροῦ νοσφισάμενος ἐχαρίσατο τῷ Ἀνδρονίκῳ καὶ ἕτερα ἐτύγχανεν πεπρακὼς εἴς τε Τύρον καὶ τὰς κύκλῳ πόλεις
Menelaus, thinking he had seized a favorable opportunity, stole certain gold vessels from the temple and presented them to Andronicus, while others he had managed to sell in Tyre and the surrounding cities.
Temple theft becomes the means by which Menelaus nourishes political alliances.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
νομίσαςthinkVA · ααπνσμ νομίζωparticiple elaborating the clause actionνομίζω: verbal form rendered 'think' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενέλαοςMenelausN2 NSM · Μενέλαοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
εἰληφέναιtakeVX XAN · λαμβάνωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'take' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καιρὸνtimeN2 ASM · καιρόςobject or complement within the clauseκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εὐφυῆwell-timedA3H ASM · εὐφυήςobject or complement within the clauseεὐφυής: lexical item rendered 'well-timed' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χρυσώματάgold objectN3M APN · χρύσωμαobject or complement within the clauseχρύσωμα: lexical item rendered 'gold object' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τιναanyoneRI ASM · τιςobject or complement within the clauseτις: lexical item rendered 'anyone' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἱεροῦsanctuaryN2N GSN · ἱερόςgenitive modifier or complementἱερός: lexical item rendered 'sanctuary' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
νοσφισάμενοςstealVA · αμπγσν νοσφίζομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionνοσφίζομαι: verbal form rendered 'steal' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐχαρίσατοpresentVAI AMI3S · χαρίζομαιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeχαρίζομαι: verbal form rendered 'present' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἈνδρονίκῳAndronicusN2 DSM · Ἀνδρόνικοςdative complement or reference termἈνδρόνικος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Andronicus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἕτεραotherA1A APN · ἕτεροςobject or complement within the clauseἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'other' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐτύγχανενobtainV1I IAI3S · τυγχάνωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeτυγχάνω: verbal form rendered 'obtain' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
πεπρακὼςsellVX · χαπνσμ πιπράσκωparticiple elaborating the clause actionπιπράσκω: verbal form rendered 'sell' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἴςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τεandX TEclause connective or particleτε: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΤύρονTyreN2 ASM · Τύροςobject or complement within the clauseΤύρος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Tyre' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative complement or reference termκύκλος: lexical item rendered 'around' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςobject or complement within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'cities' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
33
ἃ καὶ σαφῶς ἐπεγνωκὼς ὁ Ονιας ἀπήλεγχεν ἀποκεχωρηκὼς εἰς ἄσυλον τόπον ἐπὶ Δάφνης τῆς πρὸς Ἀντιόχειαν κειμένης
Onias, having learned this clearly, exposed him, after withdrawing to a place of refuge at Daphne near Antioch.
Onias's denunciation drives the conflict into the open and forces him into asylum.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
σαφῶςclearlyD · σαφῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseσαφῶς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'clearly' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐπεγνωκὼςknowVX · χαπνσμ γινώσκω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionγινώσκω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'know' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιαςOniasN1T NSM · Ονιαςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀπήλεγχενexposedV1I IAI3S · ἐλέγχω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἀποκεχωρηκὼςgrantVX · χαπνσμ χωρέω + ἀποparticiple elaborating the clause actionχωρέω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'grant' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἄσυλονasylumA1B ASM · ἄσυλοςobject or complement within the clauseἄσυλος: lexical item rendered 'asylum' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςobject or complement within the clauseτόπος: lexical item rendered 'place' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΔάφνηςDaphneN1 GSF · Δάφνηgenitive modifier or complementΔάφνη: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Daphne' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἈντιόχειανAntiochN1A ASF · Ἀντιόχειαobject or complement within the clauseἈντιόχεια: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antioch' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
κειμένηςlieV5 · πμπγσφ κεῖμαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionκεῖμαι: verbal form rendered 'lie' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
34
ὅθεν ὁ Μενέλαος λαβὼν ἰδίᾳ τὸν Ἀνδρόνικον παρεκάλει χειρώσασθαι τὸν Ονιαν ὁ δὲ παραγενόμενος ἐπὶ τὸν Ονιαν καὶ πεισθεὶς ἐπὶ δόλῳ καὶ δεξιασθεὶς μεθ' ὅρκων δοὺς δεξιάν καίπερ ἐν ὑποψίᾳ κείμενος ἔπεισεν ἐκ τοῦ ἀσύλου προελθεῖν ὃν καὶ παραχρῆμα παρέκλεισεν οὐκ αἰδεσθεὶς τὸ δίκαιον
For this reason Menelaus took Andronicus aside and urged him to seize Onias; and he, coming to Onias and persuaded to use deceit, after giving him the right hand with oaths, though he was under suspicion, convinced him to come out of the asylum and immediately murdered him, showing no reverence for justice.
The murder of Onias is narrated as a calculated betrayal of asylum and sworn trust.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clauseὅθεν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενέλαοςMenelausN2 NSM · Μενέλαοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
λαβὼνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωparticiple elaborating the clause actionλαμβάνω: verbal form rendered 'having taken' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἰδίᾳtheir ownA1A DSF · ἴδιοςdative complement or reference termἴδιος: lexical item rendered 'their own' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἈνδρόνικονAndronicusN2 ASM · Ἀνδρόνικοςobject or complement within the clauseἈνδρόνικος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Andronicus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
παρεκάλει+ παραV2I IAI3S · καλέω + παραfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ παρα: verbal form rendered '+ παρα' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
χειρώσασθαιbe capturedVA AMN · χειρόομαιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeχειρόομαι: verbal form rendered 'be captured' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιανOniasN1T ASM · Ονιαςobject or complement within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
παραγενόμενοςhaving arrivedVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαι + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionγίγνομαι + παρα: verbal form rendered 'having arrived' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιανOniasN1T ASM · Ονιαςobject or complement within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πεισθεὶςpersuadeVS · αππνσμ πείθωparticiple elaborating the clause actionπείθω: verbal form rendered 'persuade' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δόλῳdeceitfullyN2 DSM · δόλοςdative complement or reference termδόλος: lexical item rendered 'deceitfully' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δεξιασθεὶςgive the right handVS · αππνσμ δεξιάζωparticiple elaborating the clause actionδεξιάζω: verbal form rendered 'give the right hand' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'with / after' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὅρκωνoathN2 GPM · ὅρκοςgenitive modifier or complementὅρκος: lexical item rendered 'oath' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δοὺςhaving givenVO · ααπνσμ δίδωμιparticiple elaborating the clause actionδίδωμι: verbal form rendered 'having given' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δεξιάνright handA1A ASF · δεξιόςobject or complement within the clauseδεξιός: lexical item rendered 'right hand' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καίπερalthoughC · καίπερclause connective or particleκαίπερ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'although' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὑποψίᾳsuspicionN1A DSF · ὑποψίαdative complement or reference termὑποψία: lexical item rendered 'suspicion' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κείμενοςdeterminedV5 · πμπνσμ κεῖμαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionκεῖμαι: verbal form rendered 'determined' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἔπεισενpersuadedVAI AAI3S · πείθωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeπείθω: verbal form rendered 'persuaded' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'from' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀσύλουasylumA1B GSM · ἄσυλοςgenitive modifier or complementἄσυλος: lexical item rendered 'asylum' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προελθεῖνπροVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + προinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clause+ προ: verbal form rendered 'προ' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὃνwho / whichRR ASM · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / which' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
παραχρῆμαimmediatelyD · παραχρῆμαadverbial modifier of the clauseπαραχρῆμα: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'immediately' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
παρέκλεισενmurderedVAI AAI3S · κλείω + παραfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ παρα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αἰδεσθεὶςrespectVA · αππνσμ αἰδέομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionαἰδέομαι: verbal form rendered 'respect' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASN · δίκαιοςobject or complement within the clauseδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'righteous' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
35
δι' ἣν αἰτίαν οὐ μόνον Ιουδαῖοι πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθνῶν ἐδείναζον καὶ ἐδυσφόρουν ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀδίκῳ φόνῳ
Because of this not only many Jews, but also many from the other nations, were grieved and indignant over the unjust murder of the man.
The outrage over Onias's death crosses ethnic boundaries.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / whom' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αἰτίανcause for reproachN1A ASF · αἰτίαobject or complement within the clauseαἰτία: lexical item rendered 'cause for reproach' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'not' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial modifier of the clauseμόνον: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'only' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΙουδαῖοιJewN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἸουδαῖος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jew' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςsubject or predicate element within the clauseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἄλλωνotherRD GPN · ἄλλοςgenitive modifier or complementἄλλος: lexical item rendered 'other' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive modifier or complementἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐδείναζονgrieveV1I IAI3P · δεινάζωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeδεινάζω: verbal form rendered 'grieve' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐδυσφόρουνbe indignantV2I IAI3P · δυσφορέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeδυσφορέω: verbal form rendered 'be indignant' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive modifier or complementἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀδίκῳan unjust thing / falselyA1A DSM · ἄδικοςdative complement or reference termἄδικος: lexical item rendered 'an unjust thing / falsely' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
φόνῳslaughterN2 DSM · φόνοςdative complement or reference termφόνος: lexical item rendered 'slaughter' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
36
τοῦ δὲ βασιλέως ἐπανελθόντος ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ Κιλικίαν τόπων ἐνετύγχανον οἱ κατὰ πόλιν Ιουδαῖοι συμμισοπονηρούντων καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὑπὲρ τοῦ παρὰ λόγον τὸν Ονιαν ἀπεκτονῆσθαι
When the king returned from the regions of Cilicia, the Jews in the city approached him, with even the Greeks sharing in the indignation, on behalf of the fact that Onias had been killed contrary to justice.
A broad civic coalition appeals to the king for redress.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπανελθόντοςcomeVB · ααπγσμ ἔρχομαι + ἐπι + ἀναparticiple elaborating the clause actionἔρχομαι + ἐπι + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'come' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'from' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'according to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΚιλικίανCiliciaN ASF · Κιλικίαparticle or connective shaping the clauseΚιλικία: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Cilicia' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
τόπωνplacesN2 GPM · τόποςgenitive modifier or complementτόπος: lexical item rendered 'places' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνετύγχανονkept bringing accusationsV1I IAI3P · τυγχάνω + ἐνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐν: verbal form rendered 'kept bringing accusations' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'according to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςobject or complement within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΙουδαῖοιJewN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἸουδαῖος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Jew' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
συμμισοπονηρούντωνdetest wickednessV2 · παπγπμ μισοπονηρέω + συνparticiple elaborating the clause actionμισοπονηρέω + συν: verbal form rendered 'detest wickedness' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
Ἑλλήνωνof the GreeksN GSM · Ἕλληνparticle or connective shaping the clauseἝλλην: proper name or toponym, rendered 'of the Greeks' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'for / on behalf of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing its complementπαρά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'beside / by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςobject or complement within the clauseλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιανOniasN1T ASM · Ονιαςobject or complement within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀπεκτονῆσθαιto have been killedVAI AMN · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
37
ψυχικῶς οὖν ὁ Ἀντίοχος ἐπιλυπηθεὶς καὶ τραπεὶς ἐπὶ ἔλεος καὶ δακρύσας διὰ τὴν τοῦ μετηλλαχότος σωφροσύνην καὶ πολλὴν εὐταξίαν
So Antiochus was deeply grieved, moved to pity, and wept because of the moderation and abundant good order of the deceased.
The king's emotional reaction affirms Onias's personal integrity.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ψυχικῶςdeeplyD · ψυχικῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseψυχικῶς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'deeply' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνclause connective or particleοὖν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἈντίοχοςAntiochusN2 NSM · Ἀντίοχοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἈντίοχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἐπιλυπηθεὶςgrieveVC · αππνσμ λυπέω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionλυπέω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'grieve' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τραπεὶςturnVD · αππνσμ τρέπωparticiple elaborating the clause actionτρέπω: verbal form rendered 'turn' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSM · ἔλεοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἔλεος: lexical item rendered 'mercy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δακρύσαςweepVA · ααπνσμ δακρύωparticiple elaborating the clause actionδακρύω: verbal form rendered 'weep' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μετηλλαχότοςhad passed awayVX · χαπγσμ ἀλλάσσω + μεταparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀλλάσσω + μετα: verbal form rendered 'had passed away' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
σωφροσύνηνmoderationN1 ASF · σωφροσύνηobject or complement within the clauseσωφροσύνη: lexical item rendered 'moderation' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πολλὴνmuchA1 ASF · πολύςobject or complement within the clauseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'much' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εὐταξίανgood orderN1A ASF · εὐταξίαobject or complement within the clauseεὐταξία: lexical item rendered 'good order' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
38
καὶ πυρωθεὶς τοῖς θυμοῖς παραχρῆμα τὴν τοῦ Ἀνδρονίκου πορφύραν περιελόμενος καὶ τοὺς χιτῶνας περιρρήξας περιαγαγὼν καθ' ὅλην τὴν πόλιν ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὸν τόπον οὗπερ τὸν Ονιαν ἠσέβησεν ἐκεῖ τὸν μιαιφόνον ἀπεκόσμησεν τοῦ κυρίου τὴν ἀξίαν αὐτῷ κόλασιν ἀποδόντος
And having been inflamed in his anger, he immediately stripped off Andronicus's purple robe and tore away his tunics, and after leading him around the whole city to the very place where he had acted impiously against Onias, there he executed the blood-stained murderer, the Lord repaying him with the punishment he deserved.
Royal vengeance becomes the means by which divine justice is publicly displayed.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πυρωθεὶςinflameVC · αππνσμ πυρόωparticiple elaborating the clause actionπυρόω: verbal form rendered 'inflame' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
θυμοῖςangerN2 DPM · θυμόςdative complement or reference termθυμός: lexical item rendered 'anger' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παραχρῆμαimmediatelyD · παραχρῆμαadverbial modifier of the clauseπαραχρῆμα: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'immediately' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἈνδρονίκουAndronicusN2 GSM · Ἀνδρονίκοςgenitive modifier or complementἈνδρονίκος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Andronicus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
πορφύρανpurple robeN1A ASF · πορφύραobject or complement within the clauseπορφύρα: lexical item rendered 'purple robe' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περιελόμενοςtake offVB · αμπνσμ αἱρέω + περιparticiple elaborating the clause actionαἱρέω + περι: verbal form rendered 'take off' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
χιτῶναςtunicsN3W APM · χιτώνobject or complement within the clauseχιτών: lexical item rendered 'tunics' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περιρρήξαςregnumiVA · ααπνσμ ῥήγνυμι + περιparticiple elaborating the clause actionῥήγνυμι + περι: verbal form rendered 'regnumi' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
περιαγαγὼνleadVB · ααπνσμ ἄγω + περιparticiple elaborating the clause actionἄγω + περι: verbal form rendered 'lead' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in / during' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςobject or complement within the clauseὅλος: lexical item rendered 'whole' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςobject or complement within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'upon' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςobject or complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςobject or complement within the clauseτόπος: lexical item rendered 'place' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὗπερwhere preciselyD · οὗπερadverbial modifier of the clauseοὗπερ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'where precisely' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΟνιανOniasN1T ASM · Ονιαςobject or complement within the clauseΟνιας: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Onias' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἠσέβησενact impiouslyVAI AAI3S · ἀσεβέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeἀσεβέω: verbal form rendered 'act impiously' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier of the clauseἐκεῖ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'there' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μιαιφόνονblood-stained murdererA1B ASM · μιαιφόνοςobject or complement within the clauseμιαιφόνος: lexical item rendered 'blood-stained murderer' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀπεκόσμησενexecutedVAI AAI3S · κοσμέω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier or complementκύριος: lexical item rendered 'of the LORD' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀξίανworthyA1A ASF · ἄξιοςobject or complement within the clauseἄξιος: lexical item rendered 'worthy' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςdative complement or reference termαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'to him' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κόλασινpunishmentN3I ASF · κόλασιςobject or complement within the clauseκόλασις: lexical item rendered 'punishment' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀποδόντοςhaving renderedVO · ααπγσμ δίδωμι + ἀποparticiple elaborating the clause actionδίδωμι + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'having rendered' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
39
γενομένων δὲ πολλῶν ἱεροσυλημάτων κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ τοῦ Λυσιμάχου μετὰ τῆς τοῦ Μενελάου γνώμης καὶ διαδοθείσης ἔξω τῆς φήμης ἐπισυνήχθη τὸ πλῆθος ἐπὶ τὸν Λυσίμαχον χρυσωμάτων ἤδη πολλῶν διενηνεγμένων
When many sacrileges had taken place in the city through Lysimachus with the approval of Menelaus, and the report had been spread abroad, the crowd gathered against Lysimachus, since many gold objects had already been carried away.
The next crisis arises from repeated temple plunder carried out under Menelaus's policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
γενομένωνγενομένωνVB · αμπγπμ γίγνομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'γενομένων' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive modifier or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἱεροσυλημάτωνsacrilegeN3M GPM · ἱεροσύλημαgenitive modifier or complementἱεροσύλημα: lexical item rendered 'sacrilege' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'according to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςobject or complement within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΛυσιμάχουLysimachusN2 GSM · Λυσίμαχοςgenitive modifier or complementΛυσίμαχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Lysimachus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'with' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενελάουMenelausN2 GSM · Μενελάουgenitive modifier or complementΜενελάου: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
γνώμηςdecisionN1 GSF · γνώμηgenitive modifier or complementγνώμη: lexical item rendered 'decision' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
διαδοθείσηςgiveVC · αππγσφ δίδωμι + διαparticiple elaborating the clause actionδίδωμι + δια: verbal form rendered 'give' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωadverbial modifier of the clauseἔξω: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'exo' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
φήμηςreportN1 GSF · φήμηgenitive modifier or complementφήμη: lexical item rendered 'report' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπισυνήχθηgatheredVQI API3S · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐπι + συν: verbal form rendered 'gathered' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseπλῆθος: lexical item rendered 'multitude' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΛυσίμαχονLysimachusN2 ASM · Λυσίμαχοςobject or complement within the clauseΛυσίμαχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Lysimachus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
χρυσωμάτωνgold vesselsN3M GPN · χρύσωμαgenitive modifier or complementχρύσωμα: lexical item rendered 'gold vessels' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial modifier of the clauseἤδη: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'already' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive modifier or complementπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διενηνεγμένωνbringVK · χμπγπμ φέρω + διαparticiple elaborating the clause actionφέρω + δια: verbal form rendered 'bring' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
40
ἐπεγειρομένων δὲ τῶν ὄχλων καὶ ταῖς ὀργαῖς διεμπιπλαμένων καθοπλίσας ὁ Λυσίμαχος πρὸς τρισχιλίους κατήρξατο χειρῶν ἀδίκων προηγησαμένου τινὸς Αυρανου προβεβηκότος τὴν ἡλικίαν οὐδὲν δὲ ἧττον καὶ τὴν ἄνοιαν
And as the crowds were being stirred up and filled with anger, Lysimachus armed about three thousand men and began unjust violence, with a certain Auranus leading them, advanced in age but no less in folly.
Lysimachus answers popular protest with organized armed repression.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐπεγειρομένωνwho rose up / rising againstV1 · πμπγπμ ἐγείρω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionἐγείρω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'who rose up / rising against' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὄχλωνcrowdN2 GPM · ὄχλοςgenitive modifier or complementὄχλος: lexical item rendered 'crowd' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὀργαῖςangerN1 DPF · ὀργήdative complement or reference termὀργή: lexical item rendered 'anger' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
διεμπιπλαμένωνfillV6 · πμπγπμ πίμπλημι + δια + ἐνparticiple elaborating the clause actionπίμπλημι + δια + ἐν: verbal form rendered 'fill' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
καθοπλίσαςarmVA · ααπνσμ ὁπλίζω + καταparticiple elaborating the clause actionὁπλίζω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'arm' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΛυσίμαχοςLysimachusN2 NSM · Λυσίμαχοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΛυσίμαχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Lysimachus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τρισχιλίουςthree thousandA1A APM · τρισχίλιοιobject or complement within the clauseτρισχίλιοι: lexical item rendered 'three thousand' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατήρξατοbeganVAI AMI3S · ἄρχω + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive modifier or complementχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hands' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀδίκωνunjustA1B GPF · ἄδικοςgenitive modifier or complementἄδικος: lexical item rendered 'unjust' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προηγησαμένουconsiderVA · αμπγσμ ἡγέομαι + προparticiple elaborating the clause actionἡγέομαι + προ: verbal form rendered 'consider' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τινὸςof anyone / of someoneRI GSM · τιςgenitive modifier or complementτις: lexical item rendered 'of anyone / of someone' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΑυρανουAuranusN2 GSM · Αυρανοςgenitive modifier or complementΑυρανος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Auranus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
προβεβηκότοςgoVX · χαπγσμ βαίνω + προparticiple elaborating the clause actionβαίνω + προ: verbal form rendered 'go' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἡλικίανageN1A ASF · ἡλικίαobject or complement within the clauseἡλικία: lexical item rendered 'age' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςobject or complement within the clauseοὐδείς: lexical item rendered 'no one' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἧττονlessA3C NSN · ἥσσωνsubject or predicate element within the clauseἥσσων: lexical item rendered 'less' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἄνοιανfollyA1A ASF · ἄνοιαobject or complement within the clauseἄνοια: lexical item rendered 'folly' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
41
συνιδόντες δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐπίθεσιν τοῦ Λυσιμάχου συναρπάσαντες οἱ μὲν πέτρους οἱ δὲ ξύλων πάχη τινὲς δὲ ἐκ τῆς παρακειμένης σποδοῦ δρασσόμενοι φύρδην ἐνετίνασσον εἰς τοὺς περὶ τὸν Λυσίμαχον
But when they perceived Lysimachus's attack, some seized stones, others stout clubs, and some grabbing up the ashes that lay nearby flung them in confusion at those around Lysimachus.
The unarmed crowd improvises resistance from whatever lies at hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
συνιδόντεςhaving seenVB · ααπνπμ ὁράω + συνparticiple elaborating the clause actionὁράω + συν: verbal form rendered 'having seen' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπίθεσινassaultN3I ASF · ἐπίθεσιςobject or complement within the clauseἐπίθεσις: lexical item rendered 'assault' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΛυσιμάχουLysimachusN2 GSM · Λυσίμαχοςgenitive modifier or complementΛυσίμαχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Lysimachus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
συναρπάσαντεςseizeVA · ααπνπμ ἁρπάζω + συνparticiple elaborating the clause actionἁρπάζω + συν: verbal form rendered 'seize' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πέτρουςstoneN2 APM · πέτροςobject or complement within the clauseπέτρος: lexical item rendered 'stone' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ξύλωνtimber / woodN2N GPN · ξύλονgenitive modifier or complementξύλον: lexical item rendered 'timber / wood' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πάχηfatness / thick partsN3E APN · πάχοςobject or complement within the clauseπάχος: lexical item rendered 'fatness / thick parts' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τινὲςsomeRI NPM · τιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseτις: lexical item rendered 'some' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'from' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρακειμένηςlieV5 · πμπγσφ κεῖμαι + παραparticiple elaborating the clause actionκεῖμαι + παρα: verbal form rendered 'lie' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
σποδοῦashesN2 GSF · σποδόςgenitive modifier or complementσποδός: lexical item rendered 'ashes' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δρασσόμενοιgraspV1 · πμπνπμ δράσσομαιparticiple elaborating the clause actionδράσσομαι: verbal form rendered 'grasp' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
φύρδηνin confusionD · φύρδηνadverbial modifier of the clauseφύρδην: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'in confusion' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐνετίνασσονwere hurlingV1I IAI3P · τινάσσω + ἐνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐν: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'concerning / about' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΛυσίμαχονLysimachusN2 ASM · Λυσίμαχοςobject or complement within the clauseΛυσίμαχος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Lysimachus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
42
δι' ἣν αἰτίαν πολλοὺς μὲν αὐτῶν τραυματίας ἐποίησαν τινὰς δὲ καὶ κατέβαλον πάντας δὲ εἰς φυγὴν συνήλασαν αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν ἱερόσυλον παρὰ τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον ἐχειρώσαντο
For this reason they wounded many of them, struck some down, drove all of them into flight, and near the treasury they overpowered the very temple-robber.
The confrontation ends with Lysimachus's faction routed and the sacrilegious leader captured.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / whom' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αἰτίανcause for reproachN1A ASF · αἰτίαobject or complement within the clauseαἰτία: lexical item rendered 'cause for reproach' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πολλοὺςmanyA3U APM · πολύςobject or complement within the clauseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'many' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τραυματίαςslainN1T NSM · τραυματίαςsubject or predicate element within the clauseτραυματίας: lexical item rendered 'slain' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeποιέω: verbal form rendered 'did' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τινὰςsomeRI APM · τιςobject or complement within the clauseτις: lexical item rendered 'some' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
κατέβαλονthey felledVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + καταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ κατα: verbal form rendered 'they felled' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςobject or complement within the clauseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all / every' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
φυγὴνflightN1 ASF · φυγήobject or complement within the clauseφυγή: lexical item rendered 'flight' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
συνήλασανdrove togetherVAI AAI3P · ἐλαύνω + συνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ συν: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςobject or complement within the clauseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἱερόσυλονtemple-robberN2N ASN · ἱερόσυλοςobject or complement within the clauseἱερόσυλος: lexical item rendered 'temple-robber' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing its complementπαρά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'beside / by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γαζοφυλάκιονtreasuryN2N ASN · γαζοφυλάκιονobject or complement within the clauseγαζοφυλάκιον: lexical item rendered 'treasury' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐχειρώσαντοseizeVAI AAI3P · χειρόωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeχειρόω: verbal form rendered 'seize' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
43
περὶ δὲ τούτων ἐνέστη κρίσις πρὸς τὸν Μενέλαον
And concerning these matters a judicial inquiry arose against Menelaus.
The narrative now shifts from street violence to formal proceedings.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'concerning / about' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive modifier or complementοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐνέστηaroseVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐνfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐν: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
κρίσιςκρίσιςN3I NSF · κρίσιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'κρίσις' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενέλαονMenelausN2 ASM · Μενέλαοςobject or complement within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
44
καταντήσαντος δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς Τύρον ἐπ' αὐτοῦ τὴν δικαιολογίαν ἐποιήσαντο οἱ πεμφθέντες τρεῖς ἄνδρες ὑπὸ τῆς γερουσίας
When the king arrived at Tyre, the three men sent by the council made their defense before him.
The elders' envoys present the city's case at the royal tribunal.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καταντήσαντοςarriveVA · ααπγσμ ἀντάω + καταparticiple elaborating the clause actionἀντάω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'arrive' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier or complementβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΤύρονTyreN2 ASF · Τύροςobject or complement within the clauseΤύρος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Tyre' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'upon' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'his' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δικαιολογίανdefenseN1A ASF · δικαιολογίαobject or complement within the clauseδικαιολογία: lexical item rendered 'defense' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐποιήσαντοmade / didVAI AMI3P · ποιέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeποιέω: verbal form rendered 'made / did' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πεμφθέντεςsendVV · αππνπμ πέμπωparticiple elaborating the clause actionπέμπω: verbal form rendered 'send' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςsubject or predicate element within the clauseτρεῖς: lexical item rendered 'three' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρsubject or predicate element within the clauseἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'by' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
γερουσίαςcouncil of eldersN1A GSF · γερουσίαgenitive modifier or complementγερουσία: lexical item rendered 'council of elders' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
45
ἤδη δὲ λελειμμένος ὁ Μενέλαος ἐπηγγείλατο χρήματα ἱκανὰ τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ Δορυμένους πρὸς τὸ πεῖσαι τὸν βασιλέα
But Menelaus, already left without a defense, promised a considerable sum of money to Ptolemy son of Dorymenes in order to persuade the king.
Seeing the case turning against him, Menelaus resorts to bribery once again.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial modifier of the clauseἤδη: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'already' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
λελειμμένοςleaveVP · χμπνσμ λείπωparticiple elaborating the clause actionλείπω: verbal form rendered 'leave' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενέλαοςMenelausN2 NSM · Μενέλαοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἐπηγγείλατοpromiseVAI AMI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'promise' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
χρήματαwealthN3M APN · χρῆμαobject or complement within the clauseχρῆμα: lexical item rendered 'wealth' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἱκανὰmanyA1 APN · ἱκανόςobject or complement within the clauseἱκανός: lexical item rendered 'many' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
Πτολεμαίῳto PtolemyN2 DSM · Πτολεμαῖοςdative complement or reference termΠτολεμαῖος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'to Ptolemy' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ΔορυμένουςDorymenesN1M GSM · Δορυμένηςgenitive modifier or complementΔορυμένης: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Dorymenes' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πεῖσαιpersuadeVA AAN · πείθωinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseπείθω: verbal form rendered 'persuade' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςobject or complement within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
46
ὅθεν ἀπολαβὼν ὁ Πτολεμαῖος εἴς τι περίστυλον ὡς ἀναψύξοντα τὸν βασιλέα μετέθηκεν
Therefore Ptolemy, taking the king aside into a certain colonnade as though to refresh him, changed his mind.
Private influence overturns what public justice had seemed ready to do.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενadverbial modifier of the clauseὅθεν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀπολαβὼνtakeVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀποparticiple elaborating the clause actionλαμβάνω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'take' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemyN2 NSM · Πτολεμαῖοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΠτολεμαῖος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Ptolemy' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
εἴςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'into' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςobject or complement within the clauseτις: lexical item rendered 'anything' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περίστυλονcolonnadeN2N ASN · περίστυλονobject or complement within the clauseπερίστυλον: lexical item rendered 'colonnade' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὡςasC · ὡςclause connective or particleὡς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'as' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἀναψύξονταrefreshVF · φαπασμ ψύχω + ἀναfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeψύχω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'refresh' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςobject or complement within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μετέθηκενincited / turnedVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + μεταfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ μετα: verbal form rendered 'incited / turned' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
47
καὶ τὸν μὲν τῆς ὅλης κακίας αἴτιον Μενέλαον ἀπέλυσεν τῶν κατηγορημένων τοῖς δὲ ταλαιπώροις οἵτινες εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ Σκυθῶν ἔλεγον ἀπελύθησαν ἀκατάγνωστοι τούτοις θάνατον ἐπέκρινεν
And he acquitted Menelaus, the cause of all the evil, but those poor men, who would have been released without condemnation even had they pleaded before Scythians, he sentenced to death.
The verdict exposes the royal court as morally inverted and corrupt.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μὲνon the one handX · μένparticle or connective shaping the clauseμέν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὅληςwholeA1 GSF · ὅλοςgenitive modifier or complementὅλος: lexical item rendered 'whole' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κακίαςwickednessN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive modifier or complementκακία: lexical item rendered 'wickedness' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αἴτιονresponsibleA1A ASM · αἴτιοςobject or complement within the clauseαἴτιος: lexical item rendered 'responsible' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ΜενέλαονMenelausN2 ASM · Μενέλαοςobject or complement within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἀπέλυσενdismissedVAI AAI3S · λύω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'dismissed' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κατηγορημένωνegoreoVM · χμπγπμ ἠγορέω + καταparticiple elaborating the clause actionἠγορέω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'egoreo' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ταλαιπώροιςwretchedA1B DPM · ταλαίπωροςdative complement or reference termταλαίπωρος: lexical item rendered 'wretched' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
οἵτινεςwhoRX NPM · ὅστιςsubject or predicate element within the clauseὅστις: lexical item rendered 'who' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
εἰifC · εἰclause connective or particleεἰ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'if' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
Σκυθῶνof the ScythiansN GP · Σκύθαιparticle or connective shaping the clauseΣκύθαι: proper name or toponym, rendered 'of the Scythians' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
ἔλεγονlegoV1I IAI3P · λέγωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeλέγω: verbal form rendered 'lego' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἀπελύθησανwere sent awayVCI API3P · λύω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'were sent away' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἀκατάγνωστοιwithout condemnationA1B DPM · ἀκατάγνωστοςdative complement or reference termἀκατάγνωστος: lexical item rendered 'without condemnation' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςdative complement or reference termοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
θάνατονdeath / pestilenceN2 ASM · θάνατοςobject or complement within the clauseθάνατος: lexical item rendered 'death / pestilence' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπέκρινενpronouncedVAI AAI3S · κρίνω + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ἐπι: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
48
ταχέως οὖν τὴν ἄδικον ζημίαν ὑπέσχον οἱ περὶ πόλεως καὶ δήμων καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν σκευῶν προηγορήσαντες
Thus those who had spoken on behalf of city and peoples and the sacred vessels quickly suffered the unjust penalty.
The advocates for the common good bear the punishment that should have fallen on the guilty.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ταχέωςquicklyD · ταχέωςadverbial modifier of the clauseταχέως: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'quickly' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνclause connective or particleοὖν: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'therefore' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἄδικονunjustA1B ASF · ἄδικοςobject or complement within the clauseἄδικος: lexical item rendered 'unjust' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ζημίανforfeitureN1A ASF · ζημίαobject or complement within the clauseζημία: lexical item rendered 'forfeiture' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ὑπέσχονunderwentVBI AAI3P · ἔχω + ὑποfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrative+ ὑπο: verbal form rendered '' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'concerning / about' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive modifier or complementπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
δήμωνclansN2 GPM · δῆμοςgenitive modifier or complementδῆμος: lexical item rendered 'clans' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἱερῶνierosA1A GPN · ἱερόςgenitive modifier or complementἱερός: lexical item rendered 'ieros' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
σκευῶνimplementsN3E GPN · σκεῦοςgenitive modifier or complementσκεῦος: lexical item rendered 'implements' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
προηγορήσαντεςegoreoVA · ααπνπμ ἠγορέω + προparticiple elaborating the clause actionἠγορέω + προ: verbal form rendered 'egoreo' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
49
δι' ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ Τύριοι μισοπονηρήσαντες τὰ πρὸς τὴν κηδείαν αὐτῶν μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἐχορήγησαν
For this reason even the Tyrians, detesting the wickedness, supplied their burial magnificently.
Tyrian sympathy underscores how outrageous the sentence appeared to outside observers.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςobject or complement within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / whom' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αἰτίανcause for reproachN1A ASF · αἰτίαobject or complement within the clauseαἰτία: lexical item rendered 'cause for reproach' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καὶandC · καίclause connective or particleκαί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'and' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΤύριοιTyrioiN2 NPM · Τύριοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΤύριος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Tyrioi' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
μισοπονηρήσαντεςdetest wickednessVA · ααπνπμ μισοπονηρέωparticiple elaborating the clause actionμισοπονηρέω: verbal form rendered 'detest wickedness' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'to' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κηδείανburialN1A ASF · κηδείαobject or complement within the clauseκηδεία: lexical item rendered 'burial' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive modifier or complementαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'their' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μεγαλοπρεπῶςsplendidlyD · μεγαλοπρεπῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseμεγαλοπρεπῶς: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'splendidly' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ἐχορήγησανsupplyVAI AAI3P · χορηγέωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeχορηγέω: verbal form rendered 'supply' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
50
ὁ δὲ Μενέλαος διὰ τὰς τῶν κρατούντων πλεονεξίας ἔμενεν ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ ἐπιφυόμενος τῇ κακίᾳ μέγας τῶν πολιτῶν ἐπίβουλος καθεστώς
But Menelaus, because of the greed of those in power, remained in office, growing in wickedness, established as a great plotter against the citizens.
The chapter closes by showing corruption not corrected but entrenched in office.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
δὲbutX · δέclause connective or particleδέ: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'but' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
ΜενέλαοςMenelausN2 NSM · Μενέλαοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseΜενέλαος: proper name or toponym, rendered 'Menelaus' in this chapter's narrative of priestly rivalry, Hellenization, sacrilege, and judicial corruption.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'through / because of' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁobject or complement within the clauseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κρατούντωνgain controlV2 · παπγπμ κρατέωparticiple elaborating the clause actionκρατέω: verbal form rendered 'gain control' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
πλεονεξίαςgreedN1 APF · πλεονεξίαobject or complement within the clauseπλεονεξία: lexical item rendered 'greed' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἔμενενremainV1I IAI3S · μένωfinite verbal predicate advancing the narrativeμένω: verbal form rendered 'remain' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: connective, particle, preposition, or adverb rendered 'on/upon/against' here to mark linkage, direction, emphasis, or circumstance.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative complement or reference termὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἀρχῇbeginningN1 DSF · ἀρχήdative complement or reference termἀρχή: lexical item rendered 'beginning' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπιφυόμενοςgrowV1 · πμπνσμ φύω + ἐπιparticiple elaborating the clause actionφύω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'grow' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative complement or reference termὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
κακίᾳwickedness / evilN1A DSF · κακίαdative complement or reference termκακία: lexical item rendered 'wickedness / evil' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
μέγαςgreatA3 NSM · μέγαςsubject or predicate element within the clauseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the nominal phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
πολιτῶνcitizensN1 GPM · πολίτηςgenitive modifier or complementπολίτης: lexical item rendered 'citizens' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
ἐπίβουλοςtraitor / plotterA1B NSM · ἐπίβουλοςsubject or predicate element within the clauseἐπίβουλος: lexical item rendered 'traitor / plotter' here in the chapter's account of priestly corruption, civic disorder, and royal injustice.
καθεστώςstandingVXI XAPNSM I(/STHMI KATAinfinitive complement or verbal noun within the clauseκαθεστώς: verbal form rendered 'standing' here, contributing to the chapter's account of rivalry, Hellenization, temple plunder, and judicial corruption.