1
βασιλεὺς Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ τοῖς κατ' Αἴγυπτον στρατηγοῖς καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς τεταγμένοις ἐπὶ πραγμάτων χαίρειν καὶ ἐρρῶσθαι
King Ptolemy Philopator to the generals in Egypt and to all who are appointed over affairs: greetings and health.
The chapter opens with a formal royal rescript. Its polished administrative form contrasts sharply with the violence of the earlier decree.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning within the clauseβασιλεύς: king; here the term highlights Philopator’s changed public posture toward the Jews.
ΠτολεμαῖοςPtolemyN2 NSM · Πτολεμαῖοςnominative element functioning within the clauseΠτολεμαῖος: Ptolemy; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ΦιλοπάτωρPhilopatorN3 NSM · Φιλοπάτωρnominative element functioning within the clauseΦιλοπάτωρ: Philopator; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
κατ'throughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseΑἴγυπτος: Egypt; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
στρατηγοῖςgeneralN2 DPM · στρατηγόςdative element functioning within the clauseστρατηγός: general; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
πᾶσινeverythingA3 DPM · πᾶςdative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τεταγμένοιςappointVK · χμπδπμ τάσσωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionτάσσω: appoint; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐπί: over; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πραγμάτωνaffairN3M GPN · πρᾶγμαgenitive element qualifying a related head termπρᾶγμα: affair; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
χαίρεινgreetingsV1 PAN · χαίρωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaχαίρω: greetings; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ἐρρῶσθαιbe strongVMI XMN · ῥώννυμιinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaῥώννυμι: be strong; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
2
ἐρρώμεθα δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν κατευθύναντος ἡμῖν τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ τὰ πράγματα καθὼς προαιρούμεθα
We ourselves and our children are well, the great God having directed our affairs as we desire.
The king attributes present stability to divine guidance. This admission quietly signals the reversal produced by God's intervention.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐρρώμεθαbe strongVMI XMI1P · ῥώννυμιmain verbal form advancing the clauseῥώννυμι: be strong; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
αὐτοὶourselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning within the clauseτέκνον: child; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἡμῶνweRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατευθύναντοςeuthunokataVA · ααπγσμ εὐθύνω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionεὐθύνω + κατα: euthunokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἡμῖνweRP DP · ἐγώdative element functioning within the clauseἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμέγας: great; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πράγματαaffairN3M APN · πρᾶγμαaccusative element functioning within the clauseπρᾶγμα: affair; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clauseκαθώς: just as; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
προαιρούμεθαaireoproV2 PMI1P · αἱρέω + προmain verbal form advancing the clauseαἱρέω + προ: aireopro; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
3
τῶν φίλων τινὲς κατὰ κακοήθειαν πυκνότερον ἡμῖν παρακείμενοι συνέπεισαν ἡμᾶς εἰς τὸ τοὺς ὑπὸ τὴν βασιλείαν Ιουδαίους συναθροίσαντας σύστημα κολάσασθαι ξενιζούσαις ἀποστατῶν τιμωρίαις
Some of our friends, out of malice and by pressing us repeatedly, persuaded us to gather the Jews under our rule into a body and punish them with extraordinary penalties fit for rebels.
Philopator shifts blame onto malicious advisers. The earlier anti-Jewish policy is reinterpreted as a manipulation of the king's judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
φίλωνfriendA1 GPM · φίλοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termφίλος: friend; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τινὲςsomeRI NPM · τιςnominative element functioning within the clauseτις: some; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
κακοήθειανmaliceN1A ASF · κακοήθειαaccusative element functioning within the clauseκακοήθεια: malice; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πυκνότερονrepeatedlyD · πυκνότερονadverbial modifier of the clauseπυκνότερον: repeatedly; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἡμῖνweRP DP · ἐγώdative element functioning within the clauseἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
παρακείμενοιkeimaiparaV5 · πμπνπμ κεῖμαι + παραmain verbal form advancing the clauseκεῖμαι + παρα: keimaipara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
συνέπεισανpeithosunVAI AAI3P · πείθω + συνparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionπείθω + συν: peithosun; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἡμᾶςweRP AP · ἐγώaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phraseεἰς: into; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ὑπὸupoP · ὑπόpreposition governing its object within the phraseὑπό: upo; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
βασιλείανbasileiaN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative element functioning within the clauseβασιλεία: basileia; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ΙουδαίουςJewN2 APM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἸουδαῖος: Jew; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
συναθροίσανταςathroizosunVA · ααπαπμ ἀθροίζω + συνparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἀθροίζω + συν: athroizosun; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
σύστημαbodyN3M ASN · σύστημαaccusative element functioning within the clauseσύστημα: body; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κολάσασθαιpunishVA AMN · κολάζωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionκολάζω: punish; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ξενιζούσαιςstrangeV1 · παπδπφ ξενίζωmain verbal form advancing the clauseξενίζω: strange; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἀποστατῶνrebelN1M GPM · ἀποστάτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἀποστάτης: rebel; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τιμωρίαιςpenaltyN1A DPF · τιμωρίαdative element functioning within the clauseτιμωρία: penalty; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
4
προφερόμενοι μηδέποτε εὐσταθήσειν τὰ πράγματα ἡμῶν δι' ἣν ἔχουσιν οὗτοι πρὸς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη δυσμένειαν μέχρι ἂν συντελεσθῇ τοῦτο
They asserted that our affairs would never be stable because of the hostility these people have toward all the nations, until this plan should be accomplished.
The rationale behind the persecution is restated in security language. Jewish distinctiveness is again cast as a threat to imperial order.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
προφερόμενοιpheroproV1 · πμπνπμ φέρω + προmain verbal form advancing the clauseφέρω + προ: pheropro; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
μηδέποτεneverD · μηδέποτεadverbial modifier of the clauseμηδέποτε: never; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
εὐσταθήσεινbe stableV2 FAN · εὐσταθέωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaεὐσταθέω: be stable; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πράγματαaffairN3M APN · πρᾶγμαaccusative element functioning within the clauseπρᾶγμα: affair; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἡμῶνweRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phraseδιά: through; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἣνosRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἔχουσινhaveV1 PAI3P · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phraseπρός: for; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πάνταeverythingA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἔθνος: nation; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
δυσμένειανhostilityN1A ASF · δυσμένειαaccusative element functioning within the clauseδυσμένεια: hostility; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μέχριuntoP · μέχριpreposition governing its object within the phraseμέχρι: unto; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseἄν: ever; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
συντελεσθῇteleosunVS APS3S · τελέω + συνmain verbal form advancing the clauseτελέω + συν: teleosun; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τοῦτοtheseRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
5
οἳ καὶ δεσμίους καταγαγόντες αὐτοὺς μετὰ σκυλμῶν ὡς ἀνδράποδα μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς ἐπιβούλους ἄνευ πάσης ἀνακρίσεως καὶ ἐξετάσεως ἐπεχείρησαν ἀνελεῖν νόμου Σκυθῶν ἀγριωτέραν ἐμπεπορπημένοι ὠμότητα
And after bringing them down in chains, with plunder, as if they were slaves or rather conspirators, they attempted to destroy them without any inquiry or examination, girded with a savagery harsher than the law of the Scythians.
The king now condemns the brutality that had been authorized in his own name. The account emphasizes both juridical injustice and barbaric excess.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
οἳosRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
δεσμίουςdesmiosA1B APM · δέσμιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseδέσμιος: desmios; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καταγαγόντεςagokataVB · ααπνπμ ἄγω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἄγω + κατα: agokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοὺςourselvesRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
σκυλμῶνplunderingN2 GPM · σκυλμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termσκυλμός: plundering; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial modifier of the clauseὡς: as; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἀνδράποδαslaveN2N APN · ἀνδράποδονaccusative element functioning within the clauseἀνδράποδον: slave; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial modifier of the clauseμᾶλλον: rather; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial modifier of the clauseὡς: as; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐπιβούλουςpiboulosA1B APM · ἐπίβουλοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐπίβουλος: piboulos; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its object within the phraseἄνευ: without; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πάσηςeverythingA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀνακρίσεωςinquiryN3I GSF · ἀνάκρισιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἀνάκρισις: inquiry; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ἐξετάσεωςexaminationN3I GSF · ἐξέτασιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐξέτασις: examination; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐπεχείρησανcheireopiVAI AAI3P · χειρέω + ἐπιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionχειρέω + ἐπι: cheireopi; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἀνελεῖνaireoanaVB AAN · αἱρέω + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionαἱρέω + ἀνα: aireoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termνόμος: law; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ΣκυθῶνkuthaiN GP · Σκύθαιnominal element functioning within the clauseΣκύθαι: kuthai; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἀγριωτέρανsavageA1A ASF · ἄγριοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἄγριος: savage; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐμπεπορπημένοιporpaonVM · χμπνπμ πορπάω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clauseπορπάω + ἐν: porpaon; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὠμότηταcrueltyN3T ASF · ὠμότηςaccusative element functioning within the clauseὠμότης: cruelty; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
6
ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις σκληρότερον διαπειλησάμενοι καθ' ἣν ἔχομεν πρὸς ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους ἐπιείκειαν μόγις τὸ ζῆν αὐτοῖς χαρισάμενοι καὶ τὸν ἐπουράνιον θεὸν ἐγνωκότες ἀσφαλῶς ὑπερησπικότα τῶν Ιουδαίων ὡς πατέρα ὑπὲρ υἱῶν διὰ παντὸς συμμαχοῦντα
But we, threatening them more sternly for this and, in keeping with the clemency we have toward all people, scarcely granting them life, and recognizing that the heavenly God has securely defended the Jews and always fights for them like a father for his children,
Royal moderation is coupled with reluctant theological recognition. Philopator publicly concedes that the Jews are uniquely protected by their God.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώnominative element functioning within the clauseἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐπί: over; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
σκληρότερονmore sternlyD · σκληρῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseσκληρῶς: more sternly; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
διαπειλησάμενοιthreatenVA · αμπνπμ διαπειλέωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionδιαπειλέω: threaten; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καθ'throughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἣνosRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἔχομενhaveV1 PAI1P · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phraseπρός: for; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἅπανταςapasA3 APM · ἅπαςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἅπας: apas; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀνθρώπουςanthroposN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἄνθρωπος: anthropos; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐπιείκειανclemencyN1A ASF · ἐπιείκειαaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐπιείκεια: clemency; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μόγιςscarcelyD · μόγιςadverbial modifier of the clauseμόγις: scarcely; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ζῆνliveV3 PAN · ζάωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaζάω: live; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοῖςourselvesRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
χαρισάμενοιgrantVA · αμπνπμ χαρίζομαιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionχαρίζομαι: grant; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἐπουράνιονheavenlyA1 ASM · ἐπουράνιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐπουράνιος: heavenly; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
ἐγνωκότεςgignoskoVX · χαπνπμ γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the clauseγιγνώσκω: gignosko; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἀσφαλῶςsecurelyD · ἀσφαλῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseἀσφαλῶς: securely; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ὑπερησπικόταaspizouperVX · χαπασμ ἀσπίζω + ὑπερmain verbal form advancing the clauseἀσπίζω + ὑπερ: aspizouper; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἸουδαῖος: Jew; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial modifier of the clauseὡς: as; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πατέραfatherN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative element functioning within the clauseπατήρ: father; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its object within the phraseὑπέρ: for; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termυἱός: son; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phraseδιά: through; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
παντὸςeverythingA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
συμμαχοῦνταmachomaisunV8 · πμπασμ μάχομαι + συνmain verbal form advancing the clauseμάχομαι + συν: machomaisun; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
7
τήν τε τοῦ φίλου ἣν ἔχουσιν βεβαίαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς καὶ τοὺς προγόνους ἡμῶν εὔνοιαν ἀναλογισάμενοι δικαίως ἀπολελύκαμεν πάσης καθ' ὁντινοῦν αἰτίας τρόπον
and considering the steadfast goodwill they have toward us and toward our ancestors as friends, have justly released them in every way from any charge whatever.
The letter now reverses the previous accusation of sedition. Jewish loyalty to the dynasty becomes the ground for formal acquittal.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
τήνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τεteX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseτε: te; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
φίλουfriendA1 GSM · φίλοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termφίλος: friend; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἣνosRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἔχουσινhaveV1 PAI3P · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
βεβαίανbebaiosA1A ASF · βέβαιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseβέβαιος: bebaios; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phraseπρός: for; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἡμᾶςweRP AP · ἐγώaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
προγόνουςancestorN2 APM · πρόγονοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπρόγονος: ancestor; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἡμῶνweRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὔνοιανgoodwillN1A ASF · εὔνοιαaccusative element functioning within the clauseεὔνοια: goodwill; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀναλογισάμενοιlogizomaianaVA · αμπνπμ λογίζομαι + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionλογίζομαι + ἀνα: logizomaiana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δικαίωςjustlyD · δικαίωςadverbial modifier of the clauseδικαίως: justly; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἀπολελύκαμενluoapoVX XAI1P · λύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clauseλύω + ἀπο: luoapo; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
πάσηςeverythingA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καθ'throughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ὁντινοῦνostisounRI ASM · ὁστισοῦνaccusative element functioning within the clauseὁστισοῦν: ostisoun; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αἰτίαςchargeN1A GSF · αἰτίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termαἰτία: charge; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τρόπονwayN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning within the clauseτρόπος: way; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
8
καὶ προστετάχαμεν ἑκάστῳ πάντας εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἐπιστρέφειν ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ μηθενὸς αὐτοὺς τὸ σύνολον καταβλάπτοντος μήτε ὀνειδίζειν περὶ τῶν γεγενημένων παρὰ λόγον
And we have ordered each of them all to return to their own homes in every place, with no one at all harming them or reproaching them for what happened contrary to reason.
The new decree restores free movement and explicitly forbids retaliation. The phrase contrary to reason marks the whole prior episode as irrational.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
προστετάχαμενtassoprosVX XAI1P · τάσσω + προςmain verbal form advancing the clauseτάσσω + προς: tassopros; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἑκάστῳeachA1 DSM · ἕκαστοςdative element functioning within the clauseἕκαστος: each; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πάνταςeverythingA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phraseεἰς: into; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἴδιαownA1A APN · ἴδιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἴδιος: own; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐπιστρέφεινstrephopiV1 PAN · στρέφω + ἐπιinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaστρέφω + ἐπι: strephopi; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐνnP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐν: n; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
παντὶeverythingA3 DSM · πᾶςdative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative element functioning within the clauseτόπος: place; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μηθενὸςno oneA3 GSM · μηδείςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμηδείς: no one; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτοὺςourselvesRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
σύνολονat allA1B ASN · σύνολοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseσύνολος: at all; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καταβλάπτοντοςblaptokataV1 · παπγσμ βλάπτω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clauseβλάπτω + κατα: blaptokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
μήτεmeteC · μήτεconnector linking clauses or phrasesμήτε: mete; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ὀνειδίζεινreproachV1 PAN · ὀνειδίζωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaὀνειδίζω: reproach; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
περὶperiP · περίpreposition governing its object within the phraseπερί: peri; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
γεγενημένωνbeVM · χμπγπμ γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: be; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
παρὰparaP · παράpreposition governing its object within the phraseπαρά: para; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
λόγονlogosN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseλόγος: logos; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
9
γινώσκετε γὰρ ὅτι κατὰ τούτων ἐάν τι κακοτεχνήσωμεν πονηρὸν ἢ ἐπιλυπήσωμεν αὐτοὺς τὸ σύνολον οὐκ ἄνθρωπον ἀλλὰ τὸν πάσης δεσπόζοντα δυνάμεως θεὸν ὕψιστον ἀντικείμενον ἡμῖν ἐπ' ἐκδικήσει τῶν πραγμάτων κατὰ πᾶν ἀφεύκτως διὰ παντὸς ἕξομεν ἔρρωσθε
For know that if we contrive any evil against them or trouble them at all, we shall have not a man but the Most High God, lord over every power, set against us without fail for the vengeance of these matters forever. Farewell.
The letter ends with an extraordinary confession: opposition to the Jews means opposition to the supreme God himself. Divine vengeance becomes a permanent deterrent.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
γινώσκετεgignoskoV1 PAI2P · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the clauseγιγνώσκω: gignosko; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
γὰρgarX · γάρparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseγάρ: gar; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ὅτιotiC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or phrasesὅτι: oti; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐάνanC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or phrasesἐάν: an; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τιsomeRI ASN · τιςaccusative element functioning within the clauseτις: some; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κακοτεχνήσωμενkakotechnaomaiVA AAS1P · κακοτεχνάομαιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionκακοτεχνάομαι: kakotechnaomai; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASM · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπονηρός: evil; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἢthanC · ἤconnector linking clauses or phrasesἤ: than; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐπιλυπήσωμενlupeopiVA AAS1P · λυπέω + ἐπιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionλυπέω + ἐπι: lupeopi; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοὺςourselvesRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
σύνολονat allA1B ASN · σύνολονaccusative element functioning within the clauseσύνολον: at all; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
οὐκouD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: ou; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἄνθρωπονanthroposN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἄνθρωπος: anthropos; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀλλὰallaC · ἀλλάconnector linking clauses or phrasesἀλλά: alla; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πάσηςeverythingA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
δεσπόζονταdespozoV1 · παπασμ δεσπόζωmain verbal form advancing the clauseδεσπόζω: despozo; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δυνάμεωςpowerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termδύναμις: power; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
ὕψιστονMost HighA1 ASM · ὕψιστοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseὕψιστος: Most High; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀντικείμενονkeimaiantiV5 · πμπασμ κεῖμαι + ἀντιmain verbal form advancing the clauseκεῖμαι + ἀντι: keimaianti; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἡμῖνweRP DP · ἐγώdative element functioning within the clauseἐγώ: we; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐπ'overP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐπί: over; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐκδικήσειkdikesisN3I DSF · ἐκδικήσιςdative element functioning within the clauseἐκδικήσις: kdikesis; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πραγμάτωνaffairN3M GPN · πρᾶγμαgenitive element qualifying a related head termπρᾶγμα: affair; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πᾶνeverythingA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀφεύκτωςwithout escapeD · ἀφεύκτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseἀφεύκτως: without escape; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phraseδιά: through; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
παντὸςeverythingA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἕξομενhaveVF FAI1P · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἔρρωσθεbe strongVM XMD2P · ῥώννυμιmain verbal form advancing the clauseῥώννυμι: be strong; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
10
λαβόντες δὲ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ταύτην οὐκ ἐσπούδασαν εὐθέως γενέσθαι περὶ τὴν ἄφοδον ἀλλὰ τὸν βασιλέα προσηξίωσαν τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ γένους τῶν Ιουδαίων τὸν ἅγιον θεὸν αὐθαιρέτως παραβεβηκότας καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν νόμον τυχεῖν δι' αὐτῶν τῆς ὀφειλομένης κολάσεως
But after receiving this letter they did not hasten at once to send them back; rather they asked the king that those from the Jewish race who had voluntarily transgressed the holy God and the law of God might through them receive the punishment they deserved.
The focus narrows from the whole people to internal apostates. The faithful community seeks justice against those who abandoned the law under pressure.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
λαβόντεςreceiveVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionλαμβάνω: receive; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἐπιστολὴνletterN1 ASF · ἐπιστολήaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐπιστολή: letter; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ταύτηνtheseRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
οὐκouD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: ou; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐσπούδασανhastenVAI AAI3P · σπουδάζωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionσπουδάζω: hasten; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
εὐθέωςat onceD · εὐθέωςadverbial modifier of the clauseεὐθέως: at once; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
γενέσθαιbeVB AMN · γίγνομαιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionγίγνομαι: be; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
περὶperiP · περίpreposition governing its object within the phraseπερί: peri; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἄφοδονreturnN2 ASF · ἄφοδοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἄφοδος: return; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀλλὰallaC · ἀλλάconnector linking clauses or phrasesἀλλά: alla; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning within the clauseβασιλεύς: king; here the term highlights Philopator’s changed public posture toward the Jews.
προσηξίωσανaxiooprosVAI AAI3P · ἀξιόω + προςparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἀξιόω + προς: axioopros; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἐκkP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐκ: k; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
γένουςraceN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termγένος: race; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἸουδαῖος: Jew; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἅγιος: holy; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
αὐθαιρέτωςvoluntarilyD · αὐθαιρέτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseαὐθαιρέτως: voluntarily; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
παραβεβηκόταςbainoparaVX · χαπαπμ βαίνω + παραmain verbal form advancing the clauseβαίνω + παρα: bainopara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseνόμος: law; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τυχεῖνobtainVB AAN · τυγχάνωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionτυγχάνω: obtain; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phraseδιά: through; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
αὐτῶνourselvesRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ὀφειλομένηςopheiloV1 · πμπγσφ ὀφείλωmain verbal form advancing the clauseὀφείλω: opheilo; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κολάσεωςkolasisN3I GSF · κόλασιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termκόλασις: kolasis; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
11
προφερόμενοι τοὺς γαστρὸς ἕνεκεν τὰ θεῖα παραβεβηκότας προστάγματα μηδέποτε εὐνοήσειν μηδὲ τοῖς τοῦ βασιλέως πράγμασιν
For they argued that those who had transgressed the divine commandments for the sake of their belly would never be well disposed either toward the king's interests.
The apostates are condemned not only religiously but politically. Disloyalty to God is treated as proof of unreliability toward the king as well.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
προφερόμενοιpheroproV1 · πμπνπμ φέρω + προmain verbal form advancing the clauseφέρω + προ: pheropro; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
γαστρὸςbellyN3 GSF · γαστήρgenitive element qualifying a related head termγαστήρ: belly; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its object within the phraseἕνεκεν: eneken; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
θεῖαdivineA1A APN · θεῖοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseθεῖος: divine; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
παραβεβηκόταςbainoparaVX · χαπαπμ βαίνω + παραmain verbal form advancing the clauseβαίνω + παρα: bainopara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
προστάγματαcommandmentN3M APN · πρόσταγμαaccusative element functioning within the clauseπρόσταγμα: commandment; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μηδέποτεneverD · μηδέποτεadverbial modifier of the clauseμηδέποτε: never; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
εὐνοήσεινbe favorableVF FAN · εὐνοέωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaεὐνοέω: be favorable; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
μηδὲmedeC · μηδέconnector linking clauses or phrasesμηδέ: mede; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβασιλεύς: king; here the term highlights Philopator’s changed public posture toward the Jews.
πράγμασινaffairN3M DPN · πρᾶγμαdative element functioning within the clauseπρᾶγμα: affair; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
12
ὁ δὲ τἀληθὲς αὐτοὺς λέγειν παραδεξάμενος καὶ παραινέσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἄδειαν πάντων ὅπως τοὺς παραβεβηκότας τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν νόμον ἐξολεθρεύσωσιν κατὰ πάντα τὸν ὑπὸ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τόπον μετὰ παρρησίας ἄνευ πάσης βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπισκέψεως
And he, accepting that they spoke truth and encouraging them, gave them full permission to destroy those who had transgressed the law of God in every place under his rule, with boldness and without any royal authorization or supervision.
Philopator grants the Jews delegated punitive authority over apostates. Royal power is now explicitly turned in favor of the law it had recently attacked.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
τἀληθὲςoRA+AASN · ὀarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὀ: o; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτοὺςourselvesRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
λέγεινlegoV1 PAN · λέγωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaλέγω: lego; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
παραδεξάμενοςdechomaiparaVA · αμπνσμ δέχομαι + παραparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionδέχομαι + παρα: dechomaipara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
παραινέσαςaineoparaVA · ααπνσμ αἰνέω + παραparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionαἰνέω + παρα: aineopara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionδίδωμι: give; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοῖςourselvesRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄδειανpermissionN1A ASF · ἄδειαaccusative element functioning within the clauseἄδεια: permission; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πάντωνeverythingA3 GPF · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὅπωςoposC · ὅπωςconnector linking clauses or phrasesὅπως: opos; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
παραβεβηκόταςbainoparaVX · χαπαπμ βαίνω + παραmain verbal form advancing the clauseβαίνω + παρα: bainopara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseνόμος: law; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐξολεθρεύσωσινolethreuokVA AAS3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: olethreuok; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πάνταeverythingA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ὑπὸupoP · ὑπόpreposition governing its object within the phraseὑπό: upo; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
βασιλείανbasileiaN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative element functioning within the clauseβασιλεία: basileia; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτοῦourselvesRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning within the clauseτόπος: place; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
παρρησίαςboldnessN1A GSF · παρρησίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termπαρρησία: boldness; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its object within the phraseἄνευ: without; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πάσηςeverythingA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
βασιλικῆςroyalA1 GSF · βασιλικόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβασιλικός: royal; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐξουσίαςauthorityN1A GSF · ἐξουσίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐξουσία: authority; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ἐπισκέψεωςoversightN3I GSF · ἐπίσκεψιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termἐπίσκεψις: oversight; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
13
τότε κατευφημήσαντες αὐτόν ὡς πρέπον ἦν οἱ τούτων ἱερεῖς καὶ πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος ἐπιφωνήσαντες τὸ αλληλουια μετὰ χαρᾶς ἀνέλυσαν
Then, after blessing him as was fitting, the priests of this people and the whole multitude, crying out Alleluia with joy, departed.
The response is liturgical and communal. Public joy and priestly acclamation frame the decree as an act of divine deliverance rather than mere politics.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier of the clauseτότε: then; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
κατευφημήσαντεςeuphemeokataVA · ααπνπμ εὐφημέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionεὐφημέω + κατα: euphemeokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτόνourselvesRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὡςasD · ὡςadverbial modifier of the clauseὡς: as; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
πρέπονbe fittingV1 · παπασν πρέπωmain verbal form advancing the clauseπρέπω: be fitting; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἦνeimiV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clauseεἰμί: eimi; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning within the clauseἱερεύς: priest; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
πᾶνeverythingA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπλῆθος: multitude; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐπιφωνήσαντεςphoneopiVA · ααπνπμ φωνέω + ἐπιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionφωνέω + ἐπι: phoneopi; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
αλληλουιαAlleluiaI ALLHLOUIAnominal element functioning within the clauseαλληλουια: Alleluia; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
χαρᾶςjoyN1A GSF · χαράgenitive element qualifying a related head termχαρά: joy; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀνέλυσανluoanaVAI AAI3P · λύω + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionλύω + ἀνα: luoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
14
οὕτως τε τὸν ἐμπεσόντα τῶν μεμιαμμένων ὁμοεθνῆ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐκολάζοντο καὶ μετὰ παραδειγματισμῶν ἀνῄρουν
Thus on the way they punished any polluted fellow countryman who fell in with them, and after making examples of them they killed them.
The returned community enforces covenant boundaries with severity. Apostasy is treated as contamination that must be purged from the body of the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὕτως: thus; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τεteX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseτε: te; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἐμπεσόνταpiptonVF · φαπασμ πίπτω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clauseπίπτω + ἐν: pipton; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
μεμιαμμένωνmiainoVM · χμπγπμ μιαίνωmain verbal form advancing the clauseμιαίνω: miaino; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὁμοεθνῆfellow countrymanA3H ASM · ὁμοεθνήςaccusative element functioning within the clauseὁμοεθνής: fellow countryman; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ὁδὸνroadN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseὁδός: road; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐκολάζοντοpunishV1I IMI3P · κολάζωmain verbal form advancing the clauseκολάζω: punish; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
παραδειγματισμῶνexample-makingN2 GSM · παραδειγματισμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπαραδειγματισμός: example-making; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀνῄρουνaireoanaV2I IAI3P · αἱρέω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clauseαἱρέω + ἀνα: aireoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
15
ἐκείνῃ δὲ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἀνεῖλον ὑπὲρ τοὺς τριακοσίους ἄνδρας ἣν καὶ ἤγαγον εὐφροσύνην μετὰ χαρᾶς βεβήλους χειρωσάμενοι
And on that day they killed more than three hundred men, and they celebrated with joy after overpowering the impious.
The execution of apostates becomes itself a day of rejoicing. The verse interprets punitive zeal as part of the restoration of communal holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentἐκεῖνος: that; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element functioning within the clauseἡμέρα: day; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀνεῖλονaireoanaVBI AAI3P · αἱρέω + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionαἱρέω + ἀνα: aireoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its object within the phraseὑπέρ: for; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τριακοσίουςtriakosioiA1A APM · τριακόσιοιaccusative element functioning within the clauseτριακόσιοι: triakosioi; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning within the clauseἀνήρ: man; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἣνosRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ἤγαγονobserveVBI AAI3P · ἄγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἄγω: observe; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative element functioning within the clauseεὐφροσύνη: gladness; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
χαρᾶςjoyN1A GSF · χαράgenitive element qualifying a related head termχαρά: joy; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
βεβήλουςimpiousA1B APM · βέβηλοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseβέβηλος: impious; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
χειρωσάμενοιcheirooVA · αμπνπμ χειρόωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionχειρόω: cheiroo; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
16
αὐτοὶ δὲ οἱ μέχρι θανάτου τὸν θεὸν ἐσχηκότες παντελῆ σωτηρίας ἀπόλαυσιν εἰληφότες ἀνέζευξαν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως παντοίοις εὐωδεστάτοις ἄνθεσιν κατεστεμμένοι μετ' εὐφροσύνης καὶ βοῆς ἐν αἴνοις καὶ παμμελέσιν ὕμνοις εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ θεῷ τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν αἰωνίῳ σωτῆρι τοῦ Ισραηλ
But those who had held fast to God unto death, having received complete enjoyment of deliverance, departed from the city crowned with all kinds of fragrant flowers, with gladness and shouting, in songs and all-melodious hymns, giving thanks to the eternal God, savior of their fathers' Israel.
The faithful are portrayed as living victors in a liturgical procession. Their salvation is explicitly tied to the ancestral God who preserves Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
αὐτοὶourselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
μέχριuntoP · μέχριpreposition governing its object within the phraseμέχρι: unto; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθάνατος: death; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
ἐσχηκότεςhaveVX · χαπνπμ ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
παντελῆcompleteA3H ASF · παντελήςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπαντελής: complete; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
σωτηρίαςdeliveranceN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termσωτηρία: deliverance; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀπόλαυσινenjoymentN3I ASF · ἀπόλαυσιςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἀπόλαυσις: enjoyment; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εἰληφότεςreceiveVX · χαπνπμ λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the clauseλαμβάνω: receive; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἀνέζευξανzeugnuoanaVAI AAI3P · ζευγνύω + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionζευγνύω + ἀνα: zeugnuoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐκkP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐκ: k; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive element qualifying a related head termπόλις: city; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
παντοίοιςall kinds ofA1A DPN · παντοῖοςdative element functioning within the clauseπαντοῖος: all kinds of; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐωδεστάτοιςeuodesA3H DPNS · εὐώδηςdative element functioning within the clauseεὐώδης: euodes; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄνθεσινflowerN3E DPN · ἄνθοςdative element functioning within the clauseἄνθος: flower; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατεστεμμένοιstephokataVA · αμπνπμ στέφω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionστέφω + κατα: stephokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
εὐφροσύνηςgladnessN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηgenitive element qualifying a related head termεὐφροσύνη: gladness; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
βοῆςshoutingN1 GSF · βοήgenitive element qualifying a related head termβοή: shouting; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐνnP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐν: n; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
αἴνοιςpraiseN2 DPM · αἶνοςdative element functioning within the clauseαἶνος: praise; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
παμμελέσινall-melodiousA3H DPM · παμμελήςdative element functioning within the clauseπαμμελής: all-melodious; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὕμνοιςhymnN2 DPM · ὕμνοςdative element functioning within the clauseὕμνος: hymn; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐχαριστοῦντεςgive thanksV2 · παπνπμ εὐχαριστέωmain verbal form advancing the clauseεὐχαριστέω: give thanks; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning within the clauseθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive element qualifying a related head termπατήρ: father; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτῶνourselvesRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αἰωνίῳeternalA1B DSM · αἰώνιοςdative element functioning within the clauseαἰώνιος: eternal; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
σωτῆριsaviorN3H DSM · σωτήρdative element functioning within the clauseσωτήρ: savior; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clauseἸσραήλ: Israel; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
17
παραγενηθέντες δὲ εἰς Πτολεμαίδα τὴν ὀνομαζομένην διὰ τὴν τοῦ τόπου ἰδιότητα ῥοδοφόρον ἐν ᾗ προσέμεινεν αὐτοὺς ὁ στόλος κατὰ κοινὴν αὐτῶν βουλὴν ἡμέρας ἑπτά
When they arrived at Ptolemais, called Rhodophorus because of the character of the place, where the fleet waited for them, according to their common decision, for seven days,
The travel notice becomes the setting for communal remembrance. Shared deliberation governs what they will do next.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
παραγενηθέντεςgignomaiparaVC · αππνπμ γίγνομαι + παραmain verbal form advancing the clauseγίγνομαι + παρα: gignomaipara; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phraseεἰς: into; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ΠτολεμαίδαtolemaisN ASF · Πτολεμαῖςnominal element functioning within the clauseΠτολεμαῖς: tolemais; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ὀνομαζομένηνcallV1 · πμπασφ ὀνομάζωmain verbal form advancing the clauseὀνομάζω: call; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phraseδιά: through; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive element qualifying a related head termτόπος: place; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἰδιότηταcharacterN3T ASF · ἰδιότηςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἰδιότης: character; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ῥοδοφόρονRhodophorusA1B ASF · ῥοδοφόροςaccusative element functioning within the clauseῥοδοφόρος: Rhodophorus; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐνnP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐν: n; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ᾗosRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
προσέμεινενmenoprosVAI AAI3S · μένω + προςparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionμένω + προς: menopros; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοὺςourselvesRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
στόλοςfleetN2 NSM · στόλοςnominative element functioning within the clauseστόλος: fleet; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
κοινὴνcommonA1 ASF · κοινόςaccusative element functioning within the clauseκοινός: common; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτῶνourselvesRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
βουλὴνdecisionN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative element functioning within the clauseβουλή: decision; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἡμέραςdayN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning within the clauseἡμέρα: day; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἑπτάsevenM · ἑπτάnominal element functioning within the clauseἑπτά: seven; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
18
ἐκεῖ ἐποίησαν πότον σωτήριον τοῦ βασιλέως χορηγήσαντος αὐτοῖς εὐψύχως τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἄφιξιν πάντα ἑκάστῳ ἕως εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν οἰκίαν
there they held a banquet of deliverance, the king having generously supplied for each one everything needed for the journey all the way to his own house.
Royal provision now supports the celebration of the very people once condemned. The feast marks a complete reversal of status.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier of the clauseἐκεῖ: there; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐποίησανdoVAI AAI3P · ποιέωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionποιέω: do; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
πότονbanquetN2 ASM · πότοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπότος: banquet; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
σωτήριονof deliveranceA1B ASM · σωτήριοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseσωτήριος: of deliverance; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβασιλεύς: king; here the term highlights Philopator’s changed public posture toward the Jews.
χορηγήσαντοςsupply generouslyVA · ααπγσμ χορηγέωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionχορηγέω: supply generously; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοῖςourselvesRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐψύχωςgenerouslyD · εὐψύχωςadverbial modifier of the clauseεὐψύχως: generously; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πρὸςforP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phraseπρός: for; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἄφιξινjourney homeN3I ASF · ἄφιξιςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἄφιξις: journey home; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πάνταeverythingA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἑκάστῳeachA1 DSM · ἕκαστοςdative element functioning within the clauseἕκαστος: each; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἕωςas far asP · ἕωςpreposition governing its object within the phraseἕως: as far as; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phraseεἰς: into; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἰδίανownA1A ASF · ἴδιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἴδιος: own; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning within the clauseοἰκία: house; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
19
καταχθέντες δὲ μετ' εἰρήνης ἐν ταῖς πρεπούσαις ἐξομολογήσεσιν ὡσαύτως κἀκεῖ ἔστησαν καὶ ταύτας ἄγειν τὰς ἡμέρας ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς παροικίας αὐτῶν χρόνον εὐφροσύνους
And after arriving there in peace, with fitting thanksgivings, they likewise resolved there also to observe these days as days of rejoicing throughout the time of their sojourning.
The deliverance is formalized into recurring commemorative time. Thanksgiving becomes an enduring practice for the diaspora community.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καταχθέντεςagokataVQ · αππνπμ ἄγω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clauseἄγω + κατα: agokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δὲdeX · δέparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseδέ: but, and, now; connective marking development or contrast.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
εἰρήνηςpeaceN1 GSF · εἰρήνηgenitive element qualifying a related head termεἰρήνη: peace; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐνnP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐν: n; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
πρεπούσαιςbe fittingV1 · παπδπφ πρέπωmain verbal form advancing the clauseπρέπω: be fitting; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐξομολογήσεσινthanksgivingN3I DPF · ἐξομολόγησιςdative element functioning within the clauseἐξομολόγησις: thanksgiving; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὡσαύτωςlikewiseD · ὡσαύτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseὡσαύτως: likewise; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
κἀκεῖthere alsoC+D · καί̈ἐκεῖconnector linking clauses or phrasesκαί̈ἐκεῖ: there also; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἔστησανestablishVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἵστημι: establish; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ταύταςtheseRD APF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentοὗτος: these; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἄγεινobserveV1 PAN · ἄγωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaἄγω: observe; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἡμέραςdayN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning within the clauseἡμέρα: day; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐπί: over; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
παροικίαςsojourningN1A GSF · παροικίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termπαροικία: sojourning; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτῶνourselvesRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
χρόνονtimesN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseχρόνος: times; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐφροσύνουςjoyfulA1B APF · εὐφρόσυνοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseεὐφρόσυνος: joyful; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
20
ἃς καὶ ἀνιερώσαντες ἐν στήλῃ κατὰ τὸν τῆς συμποσίας τόπον προσευχῆς καθιδρύσαντες ἀνέλυσαν ἀσινεῖς ἐλεύθεροι ὑπερχαρεῖς διά τε γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης καὶ ποταμοῦ ἀνασῳζόμενοι τῇ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπιταγῇ ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν
And after dedicating these days on a pillar at the place of the banquet, and establishing a place of prayer, they departed unharmed, free, exceedingly joyful, preserved by land and sea and river according to the king's command, each to his own home.
The memorial is fixed both in inscription and in cultic space. Their journey home is narrated as total preservation under divine and royal protection.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἃςosRR APF · ὅςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentὅς: os; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ἀνιερώσαντεςdedicateVA · ααπνπμ ἀνιερόωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἀνιερόω: dedicate; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐνnP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐν: n; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
στήλῃpillarN1 DSF · στήληdative element functioning within the clauseστήλη: pillar; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
κατὰthroughoutP · κατάpreposition governing its object within the phraseκατά: throughout; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
συμποσίαςbanquetN1A GSF · συμποσίαgenitive element qualifying a related head termσυμποσία: banquet; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning within the clauseτόπος: place; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
προσευχῆςprayerN1 GSF · προσευχήgenitive element qualifying a related head termπροσευχή: prayer; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καθιδρύσαντεςidruokataVA · ααπνπμ ἱδρύω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionἱδρύω + κατα: idruokata; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἀνέλυσανluoanaVAI AAI3P · λύω + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionλύω + ἀνα: luoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἀσινεῖςunharmedA3H NPM · ἀσινήςnominative element functioning within the clauseἀσινής: unharmed; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐλεύθεροιfreeA1A NPM · ἐλεύθεροςnominative element functioning within the clauseἐλεύθερος: free; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὑπερχαρεῖςoverjoyedA3H NPM · ὑπερχαρήςnominative element functioning within the clauseὑπερχαρής: overjoyed; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
διάthroughP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phraseδιά: through; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τεteX TEparticle shaping the flow or emphasis of the clauseτε: te; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element qualifying a related head termγῆ: land; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive element qualifying a related head termθάλασσα: sea; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termποταμός: river; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀνασῳζόμενοιsozoanaV1 · πμπνπμ σώζω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clauseσώζω + ἀνα: sozoana; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head termβασιλεύς: king; here the term highlights Philopator’s changed public posture toward the Jews.
ἐπιταγῇcommandN1 DSF · ἐπιταγήdative element functioning within the clauseἐπιταγή: command; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning within the clauseἕκαστος: each; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phraseεἰς: into; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἰδίανownA1A ASF · ἴδιοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseἴδιος: own; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
21
καὶ πλείστην ἢ ἔμπροσθεν ἐν τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἐξουσίαν ἐσχηκότες μετὰ δόξης καὶ φόβου τὸ σύνολον ὑπὸ μηδενὸς διασεισθέντες τῶν ὑπαρχόντων
And they possessed greater authority than before even among their enemies, with glory and fear, their whole condition being unsettled by no one in respect to their possessions.
Deliverance changes not only mood but social standing. Former vulnerability is replaced by public honor and secure possession.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
πλείστηνpolusA1 ASFS · πολύςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπολύς: polus; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἢthanC · ἤconnector linking clauses or phrasesἤ: than; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeD · ἔμπροσθενadverbial modifier of the clauseἔμπροσθεν: before; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐνnP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐν: n; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἐχθροῖςenemyA1A DPM · ἐχθρόςdative element functioning within the clauseἐχθρός: enemy; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐξουσίανauthorityN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαaccusative element functioning within the clauseἐξουσία: authority; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐσχηκότεςhaveVX · χαπνπμ ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive element qualifying a related head termδόξα: glory; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termφόβος: fear; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
σύνολονat allA1B ASN · σύνολονaccusative element functioning within the clauseσύνολον: at all; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὑπὸupoP · ὑπόpreposition governing its object within the phraseὑπό: upo; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
μηδενὸςno oneA3 GSM · μηδείςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμηδείς: no one; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
διασεισθέντεςseiodiaVC · αππνπμ σείω + διαmain verbal form advancing the clauseσείω + δια: seiodia; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ὑπαρχόντωνarchoupoV1 · παπγπμ ἄρχω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the clauseἄρχω + ὑπο: archoupo; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
22
καὶ πάντα τὰ ἑαυτῶν πάντες ἐκομίσαντο ἐξ ἀπογραφῆς ὥστε τοὺς ἔχοντάς τι μετὰ φόβου μεγίστου ἀποδοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ μεγίστου θεοῦ ποιήσαντος τελείως ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ αὐτῶν
And all recovered all that was theirs from the registration, so that those who had any of their property returned it to them with the greatest fear, the greatest God having done mighty deeds perfectly for their salvation.
Restitution confirms the completeness of the reversal. Human fear now serves the public acknowledgment of divine action.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking parallel elementsκαί: and; coordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.
πάνταeverythingA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἑαυτῶνautouRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentἑαυτοῦ: autou; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
πάντεςeverythingA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning within the clauseπᾶς: everything; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἐκομίσαντοrecoverVAI AMI3P · κομίζωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionκομίζω: recover; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐξkP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐκ: k; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἀπογραφῆςregistrationN1 GSF · ἀπογραφήgenitive element qualifying a related head termἀπογραφή: registration; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὥστεosteC · ὥστεconnector linking clauses or phrasesὥστε: oste; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἔχοντάςhaveV1 · παπαπμ ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the clauseἔχω: have; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τιsomeRI ASN · τιςaccusative element functioning within the clauseτις: some; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phraseμετά: with; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
φόβουfearN2 GSM · φόβοςgenitive element qualifying a related head termφόβος: fear; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
μεγίστουgreatA1 GSMS · μέγαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμέγας: great; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀποδοῦναιdidomiapoVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal ideaδίδωμι + ἀπο: didomiapo; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
αὐτοῖςourselvesRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
μεγαλεῖαmighty deedsA1A APN · μεγαλεῖοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseμεγαλεῖος: mighty deeds; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
μεγίστουgreatA1 GSMS · μέγαςgenitive element qualifying a related head termμέγας: great; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head termθεός: God; the chapter repeatedly presents him as the hidden cause of the royal reversal and Israel’s rescue.
ποιήσαντοςdoVA · ααπγσμ ποιέωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or descriptionποιέω: do; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τελείωςcompletelyD · τελείωςadverbial modifier of the clauseτελείως: completely; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phraseἐπί: over; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
σωτηρίᾳdeliveranceN1A DSF · σωτηρίαdative element functioning within the clauseσωτηρία: deliverance; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτῶνourselvesRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a local participant or antecedentαὐτός: ourselves; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
23
εὐλογητὸς ὁ ῥύστης Ισραηλ εἰς τοὺς ἀεὶ χρόνους αμην
Blessed be the deliverer of Israel forever and ever. Amen.
The book closes with a concise blessing that attributes the whole rescue to God alone. The narrative resolves in praise rather than in royal self-congratulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative element functioning within the clauseεὐλογητός: blessed; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ῥύστηςdelivererN1M NSM · ῥύστηςnominative element functioning within the clauseῥύστης: deliverer; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clauseἸσραήλ: Israel; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phraseεἰς: into; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking the substantival phrase in its local case and number.
ἀεὶalwaysD · ἀείadverbial modifier of the clauseἀεί: always; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.
χρόνουςtimesN2 APM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning within the clauseχρόνος: times; nominal lexeme identified by its inflection and local syntactic role.
αμηνamenI AMHNnominal element functioning within the clauseαμην: amen; connective or modifier contributing to the force of the clause.