Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Fourth Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 1ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Ahaziah seeks Baal-zebub, but Elijah's word and heavenly fire expose the fate of Ahab's house.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 4 Kingdoms 1 (= 2 Kings 1 in the Hebrew–English versification) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ ('Fourth Kingdoms') is the LXX designation for the book the Hebrew Bible calls 2 Kings. The chapter opens with the notice that Μωαβ rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab (v. 1), the seam joining 3 and 4 Kingdoms. Ahaziah (Οχοζιας) of Israel falls through the lattice (διὰ τοῦ δικτυωτοῦ) of his upper chamber in Samaria and, falling ill, sends messengers to inquire of Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων ('Baal the fly, god of Ekron' — the LXX renders בַּעַל זְבוּב, Baal-zebub, by treating the second element as μυῖα 'fly'). The angel of the LORD dispatches Elijah (Ηλιου, indeclinable throughout) to intercept the messengers with the recurring rhetorical indictment εἰ παρὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι θεὸν ἐν Ισραηλ ('is it because there is no God in Israel?', vv. 3, 6, 16), and to pronounce the oracle of certain death by the cognate-dative Hebraism θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ ('you shall surely die', rendering the Hebrew infinitive absolute מוֹת תָּמוּת). The central panel (vv. 9–14) narrates the consumption of two successive captains of fifty and their men by πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ('fire from heaven'), an episode explicitly recalled by the disciples James and John at Luke 9:54 ('Lord, do you want us to call down fire from heaven, as Elijah did?'); the third captain, who kneels and entreats Elijah (ἔκαμψεν ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα … ἐδεήθη), is spared at the angel's word. The chapter closes with the death of Ahaziah κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου (v. 17) and a long regnal-formula appendix recording the accession of Joram (Ιωραμ) son of Ahab over Israel in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat (Ιωσαφατ) of Judah, his cultic record, the removal of the pillars of Baal, his clinging to the sins of Jeroboam, and the kindling of the LORD's wrath against the house of Ahab (v. 18). The Greek title here renders 4 Kingdoms; in the manuscript tradition the long material of v. 18 is subdivided by editorial sub-verse markers, which are not part of the running text.

1

καὶ ἠθέτησεν Μωαβ ἐν Ισραηλ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν Αχααβ

And Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab.

Opening notice (narrative seam joining 3 and 4 Kingdoms)καὶ ἠθέτησεν Μωαβ
The chapter opens with the political consequence of Ahab's death: the vassal kingdom of Moab throws off Israelite suzerainty. The καί-initial clause and the articular-infinitive temporal phrase μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν Αχααβ anchor the chapter to the close of 3 Kingdoms and set the unstable backdrop for Ahaziah's brief, ill-fated reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθέτησενrebelledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθετέωmain verb (act of rebellion)→ constative aorist (single completed political act)ἀθετέω: 'set aside / break faith / rebel against'; in the LXX it renders פָּשַׁע ('rebel / transgress'), here of a vassal repudiating his overlord; Moab's revolt against Israel after Ahab's death is the subject of the Mesha campaign narrated at 4 Kingdoms 3.
ΜωαβMoabsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliteration of Hebrew מוֹאָב; indeclinable in the LXX; here the nation/king of Moab as a collective subject; the Transjordan kingdom had been tributary to Israel since the time of Omri.
ἐνagainstpreposition + dative (Hebraizing: 'rebel against')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here adversative, rendering the Hebrew בְּ after פָּשַׁע ('rebel against'); a Hebraism in which ἐν marks the object of hostility rather than location.
ΙσραηλIsraelobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; here the northern kingdom as the suzerain power against which Moab rebels.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal, governing articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; here governing the articular infinitive τὸ ἀποθανεῖν to form a temporal clause ('after the dying of Ahab').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing the infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτό: the neuter article turns the following infinitive into a verbal noun; μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν is a common LXX articular-infinitive temporal construction.
ἀποθανεῖνto die / the deathAor Act Inf · ἀποθνῄσκωarticular infinitive (temporal clause: 'after Ahab died')→ constative aorist infinitive (the completed event of death as a temporal anchor)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the articular infinitive μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν Αχααβ renders the Hebrew temporal infinitive construct with אַחֲרֵי מוֹת ('after the death of'); the subject of the infinitive (Αχααβ) stands in the accusative.
ΑχααβAhabaccusative subject of the infinitive (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχααβ: transliteration of Hebrew אַחְאָב; indeclinable; the deceased king of Israel whose death loosens Moab's allegiance and brings his son Ahaziah to the throne.
2

καὶ ἔπεσεν Οχοζιας διὰ τοῦ δικτυωτοῦ τοῦ ἐν τῷ ὑπερῴῳ αὐτοῦ τῷ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ ἠρρώστησεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ἀγγέλους καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς δεῦτε καὶ ἐπιζητήσατε ἐν τῇ Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων εἰ ζήσομαι ἐκ τῆς ἀρρωστίας μου ταύτης καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐπερωτῆσαι δι᾿ αὐτοῦ

And Ahaziah fell through the lattice that was in his upper chamber in Samaria, and he fell sick; and he sent messengers and said to them, 'Go and inquire of Baal the fly, god of Ekron, whether I shall recover from this sickness of mine.' And they went to inquire through him.

Inciting incident (the king's injury and apostate inquiry)καὶ ἔπεσεν Οχοζιας
The verse sets the whole narrative in motion: a domestic accident (the fall through the lattice) produces a fatal illness, and the king's response — to consult a foreign oracle, Baal-zebub of Ekron, rather than the God of Israel — frames the theological crux that Elijah will indict. The verb ἐπιζητήσατε ('seek out / consult') and the conditional question εἰ ζήσομαι define the inquiry; the rendering Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων exposes the deity's name as 'the fly.'
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπεσενfellAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb (the king's fall)→ constative aorist (single completed event)πίπτω: 'fall'; here of Ahaziah's literal fall through the lattice-work; the verb's broader OT resonance of 'falling' as ruin or death subtly foreshadows the king's coming demise.
ΟχοζιαςAhaziahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΟχοζιας: Greek form of Hebrew אֲחַזְיָהוּ ('Ahaziah', 'YHWH has grasped'); declined as a first-declension masculine (nom. Οχοζιας, gen. Οχοζιου); son of Ahab and Jezebel, king of Israel; his theophoric name ironically invokes the YHWH he now bypasses for Baal-zebub.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (path of falling)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: 'through'; here spatial, of falling through the lattice.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικτυωτοῦlatticeGenitivegenitive object of διά ('through the lattice')→ relational specificationδικτυωτόν: 'lattice / network / latticed window' (from δίκτυον, 'net'); renders Hebrew שְׂבָכָה ('network / lattice'); the latticed railing or window of the roof-chamber, through which the king fell.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (attributive, introducing locative phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: the repeated article (τοῦ ἐν τῷ ὑπερῴῳ) attributively links the lattice to its location in the upper chamber.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερῴῳupper chamberDativedative of place (locative: 'in his upper room')→ sphere or referenceὑπερῷον: 'upper room / roof-chamber'; renders Hebrew עֲלִיָּה; the cool upper room on the roof of the palace, a place of private retreat; cf. the upper room of the Shunammite (4 Kgdms 4:10).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the king's upper room)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the king's upper room).
τῷthe (one)Dativearticle (attributive, introducing second locative phrase)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: the article repeats to attach the further locative ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ to the upper chamber.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια: Greek form of Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן; declined as a first-declension noun (dat. Σαμαρείᾳ, gen. Σαμαρείας); the capital of the northern kingdom, built by Omri; the royal residence of Ahab's dynasty.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρρώστησενhe fell sickAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρρωστέωmain verb (consequence of the fall)→ ingressive aorist (entry into the state of illness)ἀρρωστέω: 'be ill / fall sick' (from ἄρρωστος, 'without strength'); the ingressive aorist marks the onset of the illness that follows from the fall; the cognate noun ἀρρωστία recurs later in the verse.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενhe sentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (dispatch of messengers)→ constative aorist (single completed act)ἀποστέλλω: 'send (with a commission)'; renders שָׁלַח; the dispatch of official messengers/envoys on the king's errand; the verb recurs throughout the chapter as the king repeatedly 'sends' (messengers, then captains).
ἀγγέλουςmessengersAccusativedirect object (those sent)→ object specificationἄγγελος: 'messenger / envoy'; renders מַלְאָךְ; here human royal messengers (not the heavenly ἄγγελος κυρίου of v. 3); the same noun thus does double duty in the chapter for the king's envoys and the LORD's angel.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces the king's direct command to his messengers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
δεῦτεgo / comeAdv (hortatory) · δεῦτεhortatory adverb (functioning as plural imperative of motion)→ clausal contributionδεῦτε: 'come! / go!'; a fixed hortatory adverb serving as the plural counterpart to δεῦρο; here it urges the messengers to set out on their errand.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking command verbs)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιζητήσατεinquire / seek outAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐπιζητέωmain verb (royal command to consult the oracle)→ ingressive aorist imperative (carry out the consultation)ἐπιζητέω: 'seek after / consult / inquire of'; the compound ἐπι- intensifies ζητέω; here of consulting an oracle/deity (rendering דָּרַשׁ בְּ, 'inquire of'); the very act condemned by Elijah, since one should inquire of YHWH, not Baal.
ἐνof / bypreposition + dative (Hebraizing object of consultation: 'inquire of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: rendering the Hebrew בְּ after דָּרַשׁ ('inquire of/by'); the ἐν marks the deity consulted, not location.
τῇtheDativearticle (feminine, with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: the feminine article with the indeclinable Βααλ; in the LXX Βααλ is sometimes construed as feminine (perhaps reading ἡ αἰσχύνη, 'the shame', as a euphemistic substitution), hence the feminine article here.
ΒααλBaalobject of ἐν (indeclinable divine name)→ participant identificationΒααλ: transliteration of Hebrew בַּעַל ('lord / master', the Canaanite storm-god); indeclinable; in apposition with μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων, the LXX renders the compound בַּעַל זְבוּב ('Baal-zebub') by glossing the second element as μυῖα ('fly').
μυῖανthe flyAccusativeaccusative in apposition (explaining the deity: 'the fly')→ object specificationμυῖα: 'fly'; the LXX renders the second element of בַּעַל זְבוּב ('Baal-zebub') as 'fly', yielding 'Baal the fly'; the title is a polemical caricature of the Ekronite oracular deity; the form Βεελζεβούλ/Βεελζεβούβ later becomes a name for the prince of demons (Matt 12:24).
θεὸνgodAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('god of Ekron')→ object specificationθεός: 'god'; here the false god of Ekron; the appositional θεὸν Ακκαρων stands in deliberate contrast to the θεὸς ἐν Ισραηλ whom the king ought to have consulted (vv. 3, 6, 16).
ΑκκαρωνEkrongenitival modifier (indeclinable place name: 'of Ekron')→ participant identificationΑκκαρων: transliteration of Hebrew עֶקְרוֹן ('Ekron'); indeclinable; the northernmost of the five Philistine cities, seat of the oracle of Baal-zebub.
εἰwhetherconjunction introducing indirect question→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if / whether'; here introducing the indirect question that is the content of the inquiry ('whether I shall recover').
ζήσομαιI shall live / recoverFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ζάωverb of indirect question (content of the consultation)→ deliberative future (uncertain outcome put to the oracle)ζάω: 'live'; here 'survive / recover' from the illness; the future-middle ζήσομαι poses the king's life-or-death question to the oracle — the very question whose answer Elijah will pre-empt with the death-oracle.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/recovery: 'out of')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'out of / from'; here of recovery 'from' the illness.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρρωστίαςsicknessGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the sickness')→ relational specificationἀρρωστία: 'illness / infirmity'; cognate with the earlier ἠρρώστησεν; the demonstrative ταύτης ('this') localizes it as the specific illness brought on by the fall.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἀρρωστίας)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; the genitive ταύτης agrees with ἀρρωστίας, pointing to the present, specific illness.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming narration after the speech)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθησανthey wentAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (the messengers set out)→ constative aorist (completed departure)πορεύομαι: 'go / journey / proceed'; deponent; the messengers depart on the errand, setting up Elijah's interception in v. 3.
ἐπερωτῆσαιto inquireAor Act Inf · ἐπερωτάωinfinitive of purpose (why they went)→ purpose infinitive (the goal of their journey)ἐπερωτάω: 'ask / question / consult'; the infinitive of purpose expresses the aim of their going; a near-synonym of ἐπιζητέω above, reinforcing the oracular-consultation theme.
δι᾿throughpreposition + genitive (means/agency, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: 'through / by means of'; here of consulting 'through' the deity as oracular intermediary.
αὐτοῦhim / itGenitivegenitive object of διά (the deity consulted)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: refers to Baal-zebub as the medium of the inquiry — the king seeks an oracle 'through' the Ekronite god.
3

καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐλάλησεν πρὸς Ηλιου τὸν Θεσβίτην λέγων ἀναστὰς δεῦρο εἰς συνάντησιν τῶν ἀγγέλων Οχοζιου βασιλέως Σαμαρείας καὶ λαλήσεις πρὸς αὐτούς εἰ παρὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι θεὸν ἐν Ισραηλ ὑμεῖς πορεύεσθε ἐπιζητῆσαι ἐν τῇ Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων

But an angel of the LORD spoke to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 'Arise, go to meet the messengers of Ahaziah king of Samaria, and you shall say to them, Is it because there is no God in Israel that you go to inquire of Baal the fly, god of Ekron?'

Divine counter-action (the LORD intercepts the apostate inquiry)καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐλάλησεν
Against the king's sending (v. 2) the LORD now sends his own messenger to dispatch Elijah. The commission has two parts: a movement command (ἀναστὰς δεῦρο εἰς συνάντησιν) and a speech command (λαλήσεις … εἰ παρὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι θεὸν ἐν Ισραηλ). The rhetorical question 'is it because there is no God in Israel?' is the theological heart of the chapter and recurs at vv. 6 and 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶbut / andnarrative conjunction (adversative-sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerNominativesubject ('an angel of the LORD')→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: 'messenger / angel'; here the heavenly ἄγγελος κυρίου ('angel of the LORD'), pointedly the same noun used of the king's human ἀγγέλους in v. 2 — the LORD's messenger countering the king's messengers.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession/source ('angel of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: here = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive κυρίου identifies the messenger as the LORD's own; the angel of the LORD functions as the bearer of YHWH's word to Elijah.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (divine address to Elijah)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; introduces the angel's commissioning speech to Elijah; the following participle λέγων unfolds its content.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΗλιουElijahobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: the LXX form of Hebrew אֵלִיָּהוּ ('Elijah', 'my God is YHWH'); treated as indeclinable throughout this chapter (same form as subject and object); the Tishbite prophet, principal human agent of the narrative.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the appositional Θεσβίτην)→ noun-phrase markingτόν: the accusative article governs the declinable epithet Θεσβίτην in apposition to the indeclinable Ηλιου.
ΘεσβίτηνTishbiteAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ηλιου (gentilic epithet)→ object specificationΘεσβίτης (acc. Θεσβίτην): 'the Tishbite', from Tishbe in Gilead; a declined gentilic noun functioning as Elijah's standing epithet (cf. 3 Kgdms 17:1).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (ptcp.): the redundant λέγων after a verb of speaking is a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר, the standard marker introducing direct quotation in the LXX.
ἀναστὰςarise / having arisenAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιcircumstantial participle (attendant: 'arise and go')→ ingressive aorist participle (a rousing to action)ἀνίστημι (aor. ptcp.): 'rise / get up'; the participle ἀναστάς + imperative is a Hebraizing idiom (קוּם + verb) marking the start of decisive action; here 'get up and go to meet.'
δεῦροcome / goAdv (hortatory) · δεῦροhortatory adverb (functioning as singular imperative of motion)→ clausal contributionδεῦρο: 'come! / here!'; a fixed hortatory adverb used as a command of motion; with εἰς συνάντησιν it directs Elijah to intercept the messengers.
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose/goal of motion)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/goal of motion).
συνάντησινmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet')→ object specificationσυνάντησις: 'a meeting / encounter'; the idiom εἰς συνάντησιν + gen. ('to meet') renders Hebrew לִקְרַאת; recurs at vv. 6 and 7 of the same interception.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλωνmessengersGenitivegenitive object of συνάντησιν ('to meet the messengers')→ relational specificationἄγγελος: here again the king's human envoys, whom Elijah is to intercept before they reach Ekron.
Οχοζιουof AhaziahGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἀγγέλων)→ relational specificationΟχοζιας (gen. Οχοζιου): the declined genitive of the king's name; 'the messengers of Ahaziah'; the form Οχοζιου shows the name is declinable (first-declension).
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Οχοζιου ('king of Samaria')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; here Ahaziah is titled 'king of Samaria' (i.e. of the northern kingdom whose capital is Samaria), a designation underscoring that he rules where Baal-worship had been entrenched by Ahab and Jezebel.
Σαμαρείαςof SamariaGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying βασιλέως)→ relational specificationΣαμάρεια (gen. Σαμαρείας): the declined genitive; 'king of Samaria' = king of the northern kingdom of Israel.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking commission to speech-command)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσειςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (imperatival future: command to speak)→ imperatival future (a future used as a command)λαλέω: the future λαλήσεις functions as an imperative (a Hebraizing volitive future), commissioning the very words Elijah is to deliver to the messengers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
εἰis it that / because?interrogative particle (introducing rhetorical question)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: here introduces a rhetorical (indignant) question, 'Is it because…?'; the construction εἰ παρὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι expects the answer 'surely not — there is a God in Israel.'
παρὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (causal, governing articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: here causal, 'because of / on account of'; governing the articular infinitive τὸ μὴ εἶναι ('the not-being') to give a causal clause: 'because there is no God in Israel.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing the infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτό: the neuter article makes the following infinitive a verbal noun governed by παρά.
μὴnotnegative particle (with the infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative proper to infinitives and non-indicative moods; negates εἶναι ('there being no God').
εἶναιto be / there beingPres Act Inf · εἰμίarticular infinitive (causal clause: 'there being no God')→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: 'be / exist'; the articular infinitive τὸ μὴ εἶναι θεόν is existential, 'that there is no God'; the indictment exposes the absurdity of the king's recourse to a foreign oracle.
θεὸνGodAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ('there being no God')→ object specificationθεός: here the true God of Israel, whose existence and availability the king's act implicitly denied; the contrast with θεὸν Ακκαρων ('god of Ekron') below is pointed.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙσραηλIsraelobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'in Israel' — the covenant land/people where YHWH is present and available to be consulted, making recourse to Ekron's oracle an act of apostasy.
ὑμεῖςyou (pl.)Nominativeemphatic subject pronoun (the messengers)→ participant referenceσύ (pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic nominative plural highlights the messengers as the agents who 'go to inquire' — and behind them the king who sent them.
πορεύεσθεyou goPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb of the rhetorical question→ progressive present (the journey currently in process)πορεύομαι: 'go / journey'; deponent; the present describes the messengers' errand as it is unfolding — they 'are going' to consult Baal-zebub when Elijah halts them.
ἐπιζητῆσαιto inquireAor Act Inf · ἐπιζητέωinfinitive of purpose (the goal of their going)→ purpose infinitive (the aim of the journey)ἐπιζητέω: 'consult / inquire of'; echoes the king's command word in v. 2 (ἐπιζητήσατε); the repetition turns the king's own verb back on him as an accusation.
ἐνofpreposition + dative (Hebraizing object of consultation)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: rendering בְּ after the verb of inquiring ('inquire of').
τῇtheDativearticle (feminine, with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: the feminine article with Βααλ, as in v. 2.
ΒααλBaalobject of ἐν (indeclinable divine name)→ participant identificationΒααλ: indeclinable; the repeated phrase Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων exactly mirrors v. 2, underscoring that Elijah's indictment quotes back the king's own intended act.
μυῖανthe flyAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the fly')→ object specificationμυῖα: 'fly'; see on v. 2; the polemical caricature 'Baal the fly' is repeated verbatim.
θεὸνgodAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('god of Ekron')→ object specificationθεός: the false 'god of Ekron', set in deliberate antithesis to the θεός ἐν Ισραηλ earlier in the verse.
ΑκκαρωνEkrongenitival modifier (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΑκκαρων: indeclinable; 'of Ekron'; see on v. 2.
4

καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος ἡ κλίνη ἐφ᾿ ἧς ἀνέβης ἐκεῖ οὐ καταβήσῃ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς ὅτι ἐκεῖ θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ηλιου καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς

'And therefore, thus says the LORD: The bed onto which you have gone up — you shall not come down from it, for there you shall surely die.' And Elijah went and spoke to them.

Oracle of doom (the LORD's verdict overriding the oracle the king sought)καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος
The angel's commission climaxes in the death-oracle proper, introduced by the messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος. The verdict negates the king's hopeful question of v. 2 (εἰ ζήσομαι): far from recovering, he will not leave the bed but will die there. The cognate-dative θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ ('you shall surely die') is a Hebraism (cf. Gen 2:17). The verse closes by narrating Elijah's execution of the commission (ἐπορεύθη … εἶπεν).
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the oracle)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotnegative particle (with οὕτως: 'not so')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): the phrase καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ('and not so / therefore not thus') functions idiomatically as a strong transition into the verdict — 'no — instead, thus says the LORD.'
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (with οὐχ: 'not so')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; οὐχ οὕτως negates the king's expectation of survival and pivots to the divine declaration.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal/declarative conjunction (introducing the oracle ground)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; here introducing the basis of the 'not so' — namely the LORD's contrary word; it can also be read as a recitative marking the quotation.
τάδεthus / these thingsAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει: content of the word)→ participant referenceὅδε (n. pl. τάδε): the formula τάδε λέγει κύριος ('thus says the LORD') renders כֹּה אָמַר יהוה, the standard prophetic messenger-formula; τάδε points forward to the oracle that follows.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of the messenger-formula (historic/timeless present)→ present of the messenger-formula (the divine word as presently authoritative)λέγω (pres.): the present λέγει in τάδε λέγει κύριος presents the divine word as a standing, immediate pronouncement.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει (the divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD is the source of the oracle that overrides the Ekronite consultation.
theNominativearticle (with κλίνη, a fronted nominative)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηbedNominativenominative pendens (fronted topic: 'the bed onto which…')→ participant prominenceκλίνη: 'bed / couch'; the fronted nominative (nominative pendens / casus pendens) is a Hebraizing topicalization: 'as for the bed onto which you went up…'; the sickbed becomes the deathbed.
ἐφ᾿ontopreposition + genitive (relative: 'onto which', elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (ἐφ᾿ before rough breathing): 'on / onto'; with the relative ἧς ('onto which') it describes the bed of ascent.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿: 'onto which you went up')→ relational specificationὅς (gen. ἧς): feminine genitive relative agreeing with κλίνη; governed by ἐπί ('onto which').
ἀνέβηςyou went upAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of relative clause ('onto which you went up')→ constative aorist (the completed act of taking to the bed)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend / mount'; here of 'going up' onto the bed; the ascent (ἀνέβης) is pointedly answered by the denied descent (οὐ καταβήσῃ) — he went up but will not come down alive.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive: 'there')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; resumes the fronted κλίνη, a Hebraizing resumptive adverb (like the Hebrew שָׁם after a casus pendens); 'the bed … there you shall not come down.'
οὐnotnegative particle (with καταβήσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: emphatic negation of the future indicative — an absolute denial of recovery.
καταβήσῃyou shall come downFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb of the oracle ('you shall not come down')→ predictive future (certain divine verdict)καταβαίνω: 'come/go down / descend'; the future-middle καταβήσῃ negated declares the king will never rise from his bed; antithetical to ἀνέβης ('went up').
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (ἀπ᾿ before vowel): 'from / away from'; 'down from it' (the bed).
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the bed)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: feminine, referring to ἡ κλίνη ('the bed').
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the reason the king will not descend — his certain death.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (emphatic: 'there you shall die')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the repeated adverb fixes the place of death as the very bed of his ascent.
θανάτῳwith death / surelyDativecognate dative (Hebraism intensifying ἀποθανῇ)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: 'death'; the cognate dative θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ ('you shall die with death' = 'you shall surely die') renders the Hebrew infinitive absolute מוֹת תָּמוּת; the same construction occurs at Gen 2:17 LXX (ἀποθανεῖσθε), expressing the certainty and finality of the death.
ἀποθανῇyou shall dieFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (climax of the oracle, with cognate dative)→ predictive future (irrevocable death-sentence)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; with the cognate dative θανάτῳ it forms the emphatic 'you shall surely die'; this is the oracle whose fulfilment is reported at v. 17.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming narration after the oracle)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (Elijah carries out the commission)→ constative aorist (completed obedient action)πορεύομαι: 'go'; deponent; Elijah's prompt obedience — he goes and delivers the word exactly as commissioned.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; here subject of ἐπορεύθη — the same form as the object in v. 3, confirming the name is treated as indeclinable throughout.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενspoke / saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Elijah addresses the messengers)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: Elijah delivers the oracle to the messengers, fulfilling λαλήσεις πρὸς αὐτούς of v. 3.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
5

καὶ ἐπεστράφησαν οἱ ἄγγελοι πρὸς αὐτόν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς τί ὅτι ἐπεστρέψατε

And the messengers returned to him, and he said to them, 'Why is it that you have returned?'

Narrative consequence (the messengers' premature return puzzles the king)καὶ ἐπεστράφησαν οἱ ἄγγελοι
The interception bears fruit: the messengers turn back to the king without completing the errand. The king's terse question τί ὅτι ἐπεστρέψατε ('why have you returned?') registers his surprise — they have come back far too soon to have reached Ekron, setting up their report in v. 6.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεστράφησανreturned / turned backAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (the messengers' return)→ constative aorist (completed turning back)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / turn back / return'; renders שׁוּב; the passive form here is intransitive ('turned themselves back'); the prophet's word has aborted their mission.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελοιmessengersNominativesubject (the king's envoys)→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: 'messenger / envoy'; the king's human messengers (cf. v. 2).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: the king Ahaziah, to whom they return.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the king's question)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the king's question to the returned messengers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
τίwhy / whatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (with ὅτι: 'why is it that')→ participant referenceτίς (n. τί): the idiom τί ὅτι ('what [is it] that' = 'why?') renders the Hebrew מַדּוּעַ / מַה־זֶּה; expresses the king's surprise at the early return.
ὅτιthatconjunction (with τί forming 'why is it that')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: in the idiom τί ὅτι it completes the interrogative 'why is it that…?'
ἐπεστρέψατεyou have returnedAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωverb of the king's question→ constative aorist (the completed, unexpected return)ἐπιστρέφω: here active and intransitive, 'you turned back / returned'; echoes ἐπεστράφησαν at the verse's head, framing the king's bewilderment.
6

καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτόν ἀνὴρ ἀνέβη εἰς συνάντησιν ἡμῶν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς δεῦτε ἐπιστράφητε πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν ἀποστείλαντα ὑμᾶς καὶ λαλήσατε πρὸς αὐτόν τάδε λέγει κύριος εἰ παρὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι θεὸν ἐν Ισραηλ σὺ πορεύῃ ζητῆσαι ἐν τῇ Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων οὐχ οὕτως ἡ κλίνη ἐφ᾿ ἧς ἀνέβης ἐκεῖ οὐ καταβήσῃ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς ὅτι θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ

And they said to him, 'A man came up to meet us and said to us, Go, return to the king who sent you, and say to him, Thus says the LORD: Is it because there is no God in Israel that you send to inquire of Baal the fly, god of Ekron? Therefore the bed onto which you have gone up — you shall not come down from it, for you shall surely die.'

Reported speech (the messengers relay Elijah's oracle to the king)καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτόν
The messengers report the encounter, embedding Elijah's words within their own report — a triple-layered speech (messengers quoting the man quoting the LORD). The oracle of vv. 3–4 is reproduced almost verbatim, now addressed in the second-person singular to the king (σὺ πορεύῃ … ἀνέβης … ἀποθανῇ), driving the death-sentence home to its target.
Word-by-word analysis· 60 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the messengers' reply)→ constative aorist (single completed reply)λέγω: the Hellenistic aorist εἶπαν (with first-aorist ending) introduces the messengers' report; the koine form εἶπαν alternates with classical εἶπον (cf. v. 8).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
ἀνὴρa manNominativesubject ('a man came up')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; the messengers do not yet name Elijah, calling him simply 'a man'; his identity is deduced only from the description in vv. 7–8.
ἀνέβηcame upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (the man's approach)→ constative aorist (completed action)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / come up'; of the man ascending to meet them on the road.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
συνάντησινmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet us')→ object specificationσυνάντησις: 'meeting'; εἰς συνάντησιν ἡμῶν ('to meet us') echoes the angel's command of v. 3 (εἰς συνάντησιν τῶν ἀγγέλων).
ἡμῶνour / usGenitivegenitive object of συνάντησιν ('to meet us')→ relational specificationἐγώ (pl. gen. ἡμῶν): the messengers as the ones met.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the man's speech, embedded)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the man's (Elijah's) words as reported by the messengers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
δεῦτεgo / comeAdv (hortatory) · δεῦτεhortatory adverb (plural imperative of motion)→ clausal contributionδεῦτε: 'come! / go!'; Elijah's command to the messengers to turn back (cf. its use by the king in v. 2).
ἐπιστράφητεreturnAor Pass Impv 2 Pl · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (Elijah's command to turn back)→ aorist imperative (a single decisive turning back)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the imperative directs the messengers back to the king; its fulfilment is reported in v. 5 (ἐπεστράφησαν).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king who sent them)→ object specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; Ahaziah, identified by the following participial clause as 'the one who sent you.'
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτόν: the article turns the following participle ἀποστείλαντα into an attributive substantive ('the one who sent').
ἀποστείλανταwho sentAor Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · ἀποστέλλωattributive participle (modifying βασιλέα: 'the king who sent you')→ constative aorist participle (the completed act of sending)ἀποστέλλω (ptcp.): 'send'; the attributive participle identifies the king precisely as 'the one who sent you' — pointedly recalling that his sending (to Baal-zebub) is the very offense being judged.
ὑμᾶςyou (pl.)Accusativedirect object of ἀποστείλαντα (the messengers)→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you (pl.)'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀποστείλαντα (the messengers).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσατεsay / speakAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λαλέωmain verb (Elijah's command to deliver the oracle)→ aorist imperative (deliver the message)λαλέω: 'speak'; the imperative commissions the messengers to relay the LORD's word to the king.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει: messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (n. pl. τάδε): the messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος; see on v. 4.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of the messenger-formula→ present of the messenger-formula (standing divine word)λέγω (pres.): τάδε λέγει κύριος; the divine word presented as immediate and authoritative.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
εἰis it because?interrogative particle (rhetorical question)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: introduces the same indignant rhetorical question as v. 3, now aimed at the king.
παρὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (causal, governing articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: causal, 'because of'; with the articular infinitive τὸ μὴ εἶναι ('there being no God').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing the infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotnegative particle (with εἶναι)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: negates the infinitive εἶναι.
εἶναιto be / there beingPres Act Inf · εἰμίarticular infinitive (causal: 'there being no God')→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: existential 'be'; τὸ μὴ εἶναι θεόν, 'that there is no God'; see on v. 3.
θεὸνGodAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive→ object specificationθεός: the true God of Israel, contrasted with the 'god of Ekron' below.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙσραηλIsraelobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'in Israel.'
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (the king himself)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic second-person singular sharpens the indictment from the plural messengers of v. 3 to the king personally — 'you yourself send to inquire.'
πορεύῃyou send / goPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb of the rhetorical question→ progressive present (the king's act in process)πορεύομαι: 'go / proceed'; here of the king's instigating the consultation (he 'goes' by sending his messengers); the singular makes him the direct subject of the offense.
ζητῆσαιto inquireAor Act Inf · ζητέωinfinitive of purpose (the aim of his sending)→ purpose infinitive (the goal of the consultation)ζητέω: 'seek / inquire of'; here the simple form (vs. the compound ἐπιζητέω of vv. 2–3) for consulting the oracle; 'to inquire of Baal the fly.'
ἐνofpreposition + dative (Hebraizing object of consultation)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: rendering בְּ after the verb of inquiring.
τῇtheDativearticle (feminine, with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalobject of ἐν (indeclinable divine name)→ participant identificationΒααλ: indeclinable; see on v. 2.
μυῖανthe flyAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the fly')→ object specificationμυῖα: 'fly'; see on v. 2.
θεὸνgodAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('god of Ekron')→ object specificationθεός: the false god of Ekron.
ΑκκαρωνEkrongenitival modifier (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΑκκαρων: indeclinable; 'of Ekron.'
οὐχnotnegative particle (with οὕτως: 'not so')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): οὐχ οὕτως, 'not so / therefore not'; the pivot into the verdict (cf. v. 4).
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (with οὐχ: 'not so')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus'; with οὐχ negates the hope of recovery.
theNominativearticle (with κλίνη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηbedNominativenominative pendens (fronted topic)→ participant prominenceκλίνη: 'bed'; fronted casus pendens as in v. 4; the sickbed/deathbed.
ἐφ᾿ontopreposition + genitive (relative, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (ἐφ᾿): 'onto'; with ἧς, 'onto which.'
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿)→ relational specificationὅς (gen. ἧς): feminine relative agreeing with κλίνη.
ἀνέβηςyou went upAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of relative clause ('onto which you went up')→ constative aorist (the completed taking to the bed)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the ascent answered by the denied descent (οὐ καταβήσῃ); see on v. 4.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive after the fronted κλίνη)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; resumptive Hebraism; see on v. 4.
οὐnotnegative particle (with καταβήσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: emphatic negation of the future.
καταβήσῃyou shall come downFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb of the oracle ('you shall not come down')→ predictive future (certain verdict)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; negated, declares the king will not rise from his bed; see on v. 4.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (ἀπ᾿): 'from'; 'down from it.'
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the bed)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: feminine, = ἡ κλίνη.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the reason — certain death.
θανάτῳwith death / surelyDativecognate dative (Hebraism intensifying ἀποθανῇ)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: 'death'; the cognate dative θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ ('you shall surely die') renders the Hebrew infinitive absolute מוֹת תָּמוּת; see on v. 4. Note that this restatement (unlike v. 4) omits the second ἐκεῖ.
ἀποθανῇyou shall dieFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (climax of the oracle, with cognate dative)→ predictive future (irrevocable death-sentence)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the emphatic 'you shall surely die'; fulfilled at v. 17.
7

καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγων τίς ἡ κρίσις τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τοῦ ἀναβάντος εἰς συνάντησιν ὑμῖν καὶ λαλήσαντος πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοὺς λόγους τούτους

And he spoke to them, saying, 'What was the manner of the man who came up to meet you and spoke to you these words?'

Probing question (the king seeks to identify the intercepting man)καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς
The king's question shifts from 'why?' (v. 5) to 'what sort of man?' — he wants a description (τίς ἡ κρίσις, 'what was the appearance/manner') by which to identify the messenger of doom. The two attributive participles (ἀναβάντος, λαλήσαντος) recapitulate the encounter of v. 6 and set up the identifying description in v. 8.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (the king's further question)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: introduces the king's probing question to the messengers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (ptcp.): the redundant λέγων (Hebraism for לֵאמֹר) marks the quotation.
τίςwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate of the question)→ participant referenceτίς: 'what / who'; here 'what was…?' introducing the king's request for a description.
theNominativearticle (with κρίσις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσιςmanner / appearanceNominativesubject/predicate noun of the question→ participant prominenceκρίσις: ordinarily 'judgment / decision', but here in the idiom τίς ἡ κρίσις τοῦ ἀνδρός it renders Hebrew מָה מִשְׁפַּט הָאִישׁ ('what was the manner/appearance of the man?'); מִשְׁפָּט here = characteristic manner or distinguishing feature, and the LXX renders it literally with κρίσις.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἀνδρός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the manner of the man')→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'man'; the intercepting man whose identity the king seeks; still unnamed until v. 8.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: the article makes ἀναβάντος attributive ('the one who came up').
ἀναβάντοςwho came upAor Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · ἀναβαίνωattributive participle (modifying ἀνδρός)→ constative aorist participle (completed approach)ἀναβαίνω (ptcp.): 'come up'; recapitulates ἀνέβη of v. 6; describes the man as the one who came up to meet them.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
συνάντησινmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet you')→ object specificationσυνάντησις: 'meeting'; εἰς συνάντησιν ὑμῖν, 'to meet you'; the same interception-idiom as vv. 3, 6.
ὑμῖνyou (pl.)Dativedative with συνάντησιν ('to meet you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. dat. ὑμῖν): the messengers as the ones met; here συνάντησις takes the dative (vs. the genitive in vv. 3, 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two attributive participles)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσαντοςwho spokeAor Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · λαλέωattributive participle (second descriptor of the man)→ constative aorist participle (completed speech)λαλέω (ptcp.): 'speak'; the second attributive participle, 'who spoke to you these words' — i.e. the oracle of v. 6.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ὑμᾶςyou (pl.)Accusativeaccusative object of πρός (the messengers)→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you (pl.)'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the messengers).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with λόγους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordsAccusativedirect object of λαλήσαντος ('these words')→ object specificationλόγος: 'word / saying'; the 'words' are the oracle of v. 6; the demonstrative τούτους localizes them as the specific message just reported.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying λόγους)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these'; points to the just-reported oracle.
8

καὶ εἶπον πρὸς αὐτόν ἀνὴρ δασὺς καὶ ζώνην δερματίνην περιεζωσμένος τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου ὁ Θεσβίτης οὗτός ἐστιν

And they said to him, 'A hairy man, and girded with a leather belt around his waist.' And he said, 'It is Elijah the Tishbite.'

Identification (the description yields Elijah's name)καὶ εἶπον πρὸς αὐτόν
The messengers' description — a hairy man wearing a leather belt — is the prophet's signature garb (cf. John the Baptist's deliberate echo, Matt 3:4). From it the king immediately identifies Elijah the Tishbite, closing panel A. The recognition is ominous: the prophet of Carmel, his father's nemesis, has pronounced his death.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the messengers' reply)→ constative aorist (single completed reply)λέγω: the classical-form third-plural aorist εἶπον (vs. koine εἶπαν in v. 6); introduces the descriptive answer.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
ἀνὴρa manNominativenominative (predicate of the verbless descriptive reply)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; heads the verbless descriptive answer ('[He was] a hairy man…').
δασὺςhairyNominativepredicate adjective (describing the man)→ participant prominenceδασύς: 'hairy / shaggy'; renders Hebrew בַּעַל שֵׂעָר ('a hairy man' / 'an owner of hair'); could denote a man with much body/head hair or one wearing a hairy/rough garment (a prophet's mantle); the term marks Elijah's distinctive ascetic appearance.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζώνηνbelt / girdleAccusativeaccusative of respect/object with περιεζωσμένος ('girded with a belt')→ object specificationζώνη: 'belt / girdle'; renders אֵזוֹר; with the participle περιεζωσμένος forms 'girded with a leather belt'; John the Baptist adopts the identical attire (ζώνην δερματίνην, Matt 3:4; Mark 1:6), self-consciously presenting himself as the Elijah-to-come.
δερματίνηνleatherAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ζώνην)→ object specificationδερμάτινος: 'made of leather / hide'; renders עוֹר; the leather belt distinguishes the rugged prophet from the linen-girded priest.
περιεζωσμένοςgirdedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · περιζώννυμιperfect participle (describing the man's state: 'girded')→ stative perfect participle (a settled condition of being girded)περιζώννυμι (perf. mid. ptcp.): 'gird oneself around'; the perfect denotes the resultant state ('having been girded' = 'wearing'); takes the accusative of the part girded (τὴν ὀσφύν).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὀσφύν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφὺνwaist / loinsAccusativeaccusative of respect (the part girded: 'around his waist')→ object specificationὀσφῦς: 'loins / waist'; renders מָתְנַיִם; the accusative of respect specifies where the belt is worn; girding the loins is the standard posture of readiness for action or travel.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the man's waist)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the man's waist).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the king's recognition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the king's identification)→ constative aorist (single speech-act of recognition)λέγω: introduces the king's recognition — he names the man from the description alone.
ΗλιουElijahpredicate nominative (indeclinable: 'it is Elijah')→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; here functioning as predicate ('it is Elijah the Tishbite'); the king instantly recognizes his father's prophetic adversary.
theNominativearticle (with the appositional Θεσβίτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: the nominative article governs the declinable epithet Θεσβίτης in apposition to indeclinable Ηλιου.
ΘεσβίτηςTishbiteNominativenominative in apposition to Ηλιου (gentilic epithet)→ participant prominenceΘεσβίτης: 'the Tishbite'; Elijah's standing epithet (cf. v. 3, there accusative Θεσβίτην).
οὗτόςthis (one)Nominativedemonstrative subject ('this is he')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this (one)'; the demonstrative clinches the identification, 'this is Elijah the Tishbite'; bears an additional acute accent (οὗτός) from the enclitic ἐστιν.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (equative: 'it is Elijah')→ stative present (present identification)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula completes the king's equative identification; enclitic, throwing its accent back onto οὗτός.
9

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡγούμενον πεντηκόνταρχον καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνέβη καὶ ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτόν καὶ ἰδοὺ Ηλιου ἐκάθητο ἐπὶ τῆς κορυφῆς τοῦ ὄρους καὶ ἐλάλησεν ὁ πεντηκόνταρχος πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκάλεσέν σε κατάβηθι

And he sent to him a captain of fifty with his fifty; and he went up and came to him, and behold, Elijah was sitting on the top of the mountain. And the captain of fifty spoke to him and said, 'Man of God, the king has called you: come down.'

Escalation (the king sends armed force against the prophet)καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτὸν
Panel B opens with the king's third 'sending' (after messengers, v. 2), now military: a captain of fifty with his fifty men to fetch Elijah. The prophet sits commandingly on the mountaintop. The captain's address ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ ('man of God') is at least nominally respectful, but the peremptory royal summons (ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκάλεσέν σε, κατάβηθι) sets the king's authority against the prophet's.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενhe sentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the king dispatches the captain)→ constative aorist (single completed act)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; the king's escalation from messengers to a military detachment; the verb recurs from v. 2, now with hostile intent.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: Elijah, the target of the detachment.
ἡγούμενονcommander / leaderPres Mid Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · ἡγέομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition with πεντηκόνταρχον: 'a commanding officer')→ verbal action or stateἡγέομαι (ptcp.): 'lead / command'; the substantival participle ἡγούμενον ('a leader / commanding officer') stands with πεντηκόνταρχον, emphasizing the man's rank as commander of his fifty.
πεντηκόνταρχονcaptain of fiftyAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν (the officer sent)→ object specificationπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain over fifty' (πεντήκοντα + ἄρχω); renders שַׂר חֲמִשִּׁים; a junior military officer commanding a unit of fifty; the basic military quantum of this narrative's three detachments.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the substantivized numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'his fifty [men]')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; an indeclinable cardinal numeral; substantivized by the article (τοὺς πεντήκοντα) for the fifty soldiers of the captain's command.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's fifty)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the captain's fifty).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηhe went upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (the captain ascends the mountain)→ constative aorist (completed ascent)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the captain ascends to where Elijah sits on the mountaintop — an ascent toward the prophet that will be answered by fire descending (κατέβη πῦρ).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (the captain reaches Elijah)→ constative aorist (completed arrival)ἔρχομαι: 'come / go'; the captain arrives at Elijah's position.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elijah).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the ἰδού clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdInterjection · ἰδούpresentative interjection (drawing attention to the scene)→ clausal contributionἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders Hebrew הִנֵּה; a presentative particle bringing the reader to the captain's vantage — there sits Elijah, unmoved, atop the mountain.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; subject of ἐκάθητο.
ἐκάθητοwas sittingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · κάθημαιmain verb (the prophet's posture)→ descriptive imperfect (ongoing, settled posture)κάθημαι: 'sit'; the imperfect ἐκάθητο depicts Elijah seated in calm, unhurried command on the mountaintop — a posture of authority contrasting with the captain's military urgency.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with κορυφῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κορυφῆςtop / summitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('on the top')→ relational specificationκορυφή: 'top / summit / crown'; the mountaintop position elevates Elijah above the approaching soldiers, both literally and symbolically.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ὄρους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the top of the mountain')→ relational specificationὄρος: 'mountain / hill'; the elevated setting recalls Elijah's earlier mountain confrontations (Carmel, 3 Kgdms 18; Horeb, 3 Kgdms 19).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (the captain addresses Elijah)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: introduces the captain's summons to Elijah.
theNominativearticle (with πεντηκόνταρχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντηκόνταρχοςcaptain of fiftyNominativesubject (the officer)→ participant prominenceπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; the officer now speaks the royal summons.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elijah).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing the summons proper)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the captain's words.
ἄνθρωπεO manVocativevocative of address ('man of God')→ direct addressἄνθρωπος (voc. ἄνθρωπε): 'man'; the vocative ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ ('O man of God') renders the Hebrew title אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים, the standard designation of a prophet; the captain's address acknowledges Elijah's prophetic office even as he conveys the king's command.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship ('man of God')→ relational specificationθεός: here the true God whose prophet Elijah is; ironically the king who consulted the 'god of Ekron' must now send to the 'man of God.'
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (the king who issued the summons)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Ahaziah, whose royal authority the captain invokes against the prophet.
ἐκάλεσένhas calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb of the summons ('the king has called you')→ constative aorist (the royal summons as accomplished fact)καλέω: 'call / summon'; the king's authoritative summons; bears an added acute (ἐκάλεσέν) from the following enclitic σε.
σεyouAccusativedirect object (Elijah, the one summoned)→ participant referenceσύ (acc. σε): enclitic; Elijah as the one called down.
κατάβηθιcome downAor Act Impv 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (the captain's imperative)→ aorist imperative (peremptory command to descend)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; the imperative κατάβηθι demands Elijah descend the mountain to the king; the same verb will describe the fire that 'comes down' (κατέβη) in answer.
10

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ηλιου καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς τὸν πεντηκόνταρχον καὶ εἰ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐγώ καταβήσεται πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ καταφάγεταί σε καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντά σου καὶ κατέβη πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντα αὐτοῦ

And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, 'And if I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.' And fire came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty.

Divine vindication (the prophet's word answered by fire from heaven)καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ηλιου
Elijah turns the captain's title back on him: if he truly is 'a man of God,' then let the proof descend. The fire from heaven both vindicates the prophet and executes judgment on the soldiers who came to seize him. This is the scene the disciples invoke at Luke 9:54 ('Lord, do you want us to call down fire from heaven, as Elijah did?'), where Jesus rebukes the impulse — a pointed NT re-reading of this episode.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (Elijah's reply)→ constative aorist (single completed response)ἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer / reply'; the aorist-passive deponent (LXX/koine norm); ἀπεκρίθη … καὶ εἶπεν is a Hebraizing redundant pairing (וַיַּעַן … וַיֹּאמֶר) introducing Elijah's response.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; subject of ἀπεκρίθη.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (redundant answer-pairing)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: completes the Hebraizing ἀπεκρίθη … εἶπεν pair.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with πεντηκόνταρχον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντηκόνταρχονcaptain of fiftyAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the officer)→ object specificationπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; the addressee of Elijah's lethal word.
καὶand / whyconjunction (introducing the conditional; possibly emphatic/retort)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here opening Elijah's retort; the initial καί before the conditional (καὶ εἰ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐγώ) echoes the captain's title with a challenging edge, 'and [seeing that / if indeed] I am a man of God…'
εἰifconditional conjunction (protasis: 'if I am a man of God')→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; introduces a first-class-style conditional treated as true ('if — as is the case — I am a man of God'); the apodosis (καταβήσεται πῦρ) makes the descent of fire the demonstration.
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativepredicate nominative ('a man of God')→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ, 'man of God'; Elijah throws the captain's own title back as the premise of the test.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship ('man of God')→ relational specificationθεός: the God whose reality the descending fire will prove.
ἐγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (with implied copula: 'I am')→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun (verbless, with copula understood) stresses Elijah's identity — 'if I am a man of God' — at issue in the contest with the king's power.
καταβήσεταιlet come down / will come downFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb of the apodosis (volitive future: 'let fire come down')→ volitive/predictive future (the demonstrative descent of fire)καταβαίνω: 'come down / descend'; the future here functions volitively ('let fire come down'); its fulfilment is reported with the aorist κατέβη later in the verse; the descent of fire (κατέβη πῦρ) deliberately answers the captain's demand that Elijah 'come down' (κατάβηθι, v. 9).
πῦρfireNominativesubject (the descending fire)→ participant prominenceπῦρ: 'fire'; the agent of divine judgment; fire from heaven recalls Elijah's Carmel theophany (3 Kgdms 18:38) and is the very sign the disciples wish to repeat at Luke 9:54 (cf. also the consuming fire of Lev 10:2; Num 11:1).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with οὐρανοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; the source of the fire marks it as unambiguously divine, not human; πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ is the exact phrase echoed at Luke 9:54.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταίlet it consume / will consumeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωmain verb (volitive future: 'and consume you')→ volitive/predictive future (the fire's consuming act)κατεσθίω (fut. καταφάγομαι): 'devour / consume utterly'; the compound κατα- intensifies ('eat down / consume completely'); standard LXX verb for consuming fire; bears an added acute (καταφάγεταί) from enclitic σε.
σεyouAccusativedirect object (the captain)→ participant referenceσύ (acc. σε): enclitic; the captain as object of the consuming fire.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκοντάfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'your fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the captain's fifty men, sharing his fate; bears an added acute (πεντήκοντά) from enclitic σου.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's fifty)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): enclitic; 'your fifty.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the fulfilment)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηcame downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (fulfilment: the fire descends)→ constative aorist (the completed descent)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; the aorist κατέβη reports the immediate fulfilment of Elijah's word — the fire does exactly as spoken; pointedly the word the king commanded of Elijah (κατάβηθι) is fulfilled by fire instead.
πῦρfireNominativesubject (the fire that descends)→ participant prominenceπῦρ: 'fire'; the executed judgment.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with οὐρανοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the divine source, restated to confirm the fire is from God.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενconsumedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωmain verb (the fire consumes them)→ constative aorist (completed consumption)κατεσθίω (aor. κατέφαγον): 'devour / consume'; the aorist reports the fire's annihilation of the captain and his men — the word καταφάγεται fulfilled.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (the captain)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: the captain, consumed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'his fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the consumed men.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's fifty)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the captain's fifty).
11

καὶ προσέθετο ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἄλλον πεντηκόνταρχον καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνέβη καὶ ἐλάλησεν ὁ πεντηκόνταρχος πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς ταχέως κατάβηθι

And the king again sent to him another captain of fifty with his fifty; and he went up and the captain of fifty spoke to him and said, 'Man of God, thus says the king: Come down quickly.'

Repetition with intensification (a second detachment, more peremptory)καὶ προσέθετο ὁ βασιλεὺς
The king refuses to learn: προσέθετο ('he added / did again') marks the second, parallel attempt. The address is the same (ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ), but the king now usurps the prophetic messenger-formula (τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς — 'thus says the king', a deliberate counterfeit of τάδε λέγει κύριος) and adds ταχέως ('quickly'), heightening the royal insolence.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέθετοhe again / he proceededAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (auxiliary of repetition: 'he did again')→ constative aorist (the repeated action)προστίθημι (mid. προσέθετο): 'add / do again'; the idiom προσέθετο … καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ('he again sent') renders the Hebrew יָסַף + verb ('he continued to / again did'); a Hebraism marking repetition.
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (the king repeats the attempt)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Ahaziah, undeterred by the fate of the first detachment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (completing the προσέθετο idiom)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the second dispatch)→ constative aorist (single completed act)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; the king's second military dispatch against Elijah.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elijah).
ἄλλονanotherAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πεντηκόνταρχον)→ object specificationἄλλος: 'another'; explicitly marks this as a second, distinct captain — the repetition that defines the panel's structure.
πεντηκόνταρχονcaptain of fiftyAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν (the second officer)→ object specificationπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; the second commander sent.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'his fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the second captain's fifty men.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηhe went upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (the second captain ascends)→ constative aorist (completed ascent)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the second captain ascends as the first did.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (the second captain's summons)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: introduces the second summons.
theNominativearticle (with πεντηκόνταρχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντηκόνταρχοςcaptain of fiftyNominativesubject (the second officer)→ participant prominenceπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; the second commander now speaks.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elijah).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing the summons proper)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the second captain's words.
ἄνθρωπεO manVocativevocative of address ('man of God')→ direct addressἄνθρωπος (voc. ἄνθρωπε): 'man'; the same prophetic title as v. 9 (ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ).
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship ('man of God')→ relational specificationθεός: the God whose prophet Elijah is.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει: counterfeit messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (n. pl. τάδε): the king arrogates the prophetic formula — τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς ('thus says the king') is a deliberate parody of τάδε λέγει κύριος ('thus says the LORD'), setting royal command against divine word.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of the (counterfeit) messenger-formula→ present of the messenger-formula (presented as standing command)λέγω (pres.): τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς; the king's word presented in the diction of an oracle.
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingNominativesubject of λέγει (the king as quoted authority)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the human authority presuming to issue oracular commands.
ταχέωςquicklyadverb of manner (intensifying the command)→ clausal contributionταχέως: 'quickly / at once'; the added urgency heightens the second captain's peremptoriness over the first (v. 9) — 'come down quickly!'
κατάβηθιcome downAor Act Impv 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (the imperative summons)→ aorist imperative (peremptory command to descend)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; the same command as v. 9, now sharpened by ταχέως; again to be answered by descending fire.
12

καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ηλιου καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν εἰ ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐγώ εἰμι καταβήσεται πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ καταφάγεταί σε καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντά σου καὶ κατέβη πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντα αὐτοῦ

And Elijah answered and spoke to him and said, 'If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty.' And fire came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty.

Parallel repetition (the second detachment meets the same fate)καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ηλιου
Verse 12 reproduces v. 10 almost verbatim, with the explicit copula ἐγώ εἰμι ('I am') making the conditional fully explicit. The exact repetition underscores the king's stubbornness and the inexorability of divine judgment: the same word, the same fire, the same consumption. The doubling sets up the contrast with the third captain (vv. 13–14), who breaks the pattern by pleading for mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκρίνομαιmain verb (Elijah's reply)→ constative aorist (single completed response)ἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; the Hebraizing answer-pairing repeats from v. 10, here expanded with an extra ἐλάλησεν.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; subject of ἀπεκρίθη.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (redundant speech-verb)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; the extra ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτόν (absent in v. 10) slightly expands the redundant introduction.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the captain)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the captain).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces Elijah's lethal word, repeating v. 10.
εἰifconditional conjunction (protasis: 'if I am a man of God')→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'if'; the conditional as in v. 10, but here without the opening καί and with the explicit copula εἰμι below.
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativepredicate nominative ('a man of God')→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man'; ἄνθρωπος τοῦ θεοῦ, 'man of God.'
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship ('man of God')→ relational specificationθεός: the God whose reality the fire proves.
ἐγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (with copula εἰμι)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; here paired with the explicit copula εἰμι ('I am'), making the conditional fully verbal (vs. the verbless ἐγώ of v. 10).
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula (with ἐγώ: 'I am [a man of God]')→ stative present (assertion of identity)εἰμί: 'be'; the explicit first-person copula present here (absent in v. 10) makes Elijah's self-identification fully overt.
καταβήσεταιlet come down / will come downFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb of the apodosis (volitive future)→ volitive/predictive future (the demonstrative descent of fire)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; volitive future, 'let fire come down'; as in v. 10.
πῦρfireNominativesubject (the descending fire)→ participant prominenceπῦρ: 'fire'; the agent of judgment; the same fire-from-heaven motif recalled at Luke 9:54.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with οὐρανοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the divine source.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταίlet it consume / will consumeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωmain verb (volitive future: 'and consume you')→ volitive/predictive future (the fire's consuming act)κατεσθίω: 'consume utterly'; bears an added acute (καταφάγεταί) from enclitic σε; as in v. 10.
σεyouAccusativedirect object (the captain)→ participant referenceσύ (acc. σε): enclitic; the second captain as object of the fire.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκοντάfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'your fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; bears an added acute (πεντήκοντά) from enclitic σου.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's fifty)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): enclitic; 'your fifty.'
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the fulfilment)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηcame downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (fulfilment: the fire descends)→ constative aorist (completed descent)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; the immediate fulfilment, as in v. 10.
πῦρfireNominativesubject (the fire that descends)→ participant prominenceπῦρ: 'fire.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with οὐρανοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the divine source, restated.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενconsumedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωmain verb (the fire consumes them)→ constative aorist (completed consumption)κατεσθίω: 'consume'; the annihilation of the second detachment, exactly as v. 10.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (the captain)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: the second captain, consumed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'his fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the consumed men.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's fifty)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the captain's fifty).
13

καὶ προσέθετο ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔτι ἀποστεῖλαι ἡγούμενον πεντηκόνταρχον τρίτον καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ πεντηκόνταρχος ὁ τρίτος καὶ ἔκαμψεν ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα αὐτοῦ κατέναντι Ηλιου καὶ ἐδεήθη αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν ἄνθρωπε τοῦ θεοῦ ἐντιμωθήτω δὴ ἡ ψυχή μου καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ τῶν δούλων σου τούτων τῶν πεντήκοντα ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου

And the king again sent a third captain of fifty with his fifty; and the third captain of fifty came to him and bowed upon his knees before Elijah and entreated him and spoke to him and said, 'Man of God, let my life and the life of these your servants, these fifty, be precious in your eyes.'

Pattern-break (the third captain pleads instead of commanding)καὶ προσέθετο ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔτι
The third sending (προσέθετο … ἔτι, 'yet again') begins identically but breaks the lethal pattern: instead of relaying the king's peremptory summons, the captain kneels, entreats, and begs that his life and his men's lives be 'precious' (ἐντιμωθήτω) in Elijah's eyes. Humility before the man of God, in contrast to the king's defiance, opens the way for deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 58 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέθετοhe again / he proceededAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (auxiliary of repetition: 'he did yet again')→ constative aorist (the thrice-repeated action)προστίθημι (mid.): 'do again'; with the complementary infinitive ἀποστεῖλαι here (vs. the paratactic καὶ ἀπέστειλεν of v. 11); the Hebraizing repetition-idiom (יָסַף) marks the third attempt.
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (the king's third attempt)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Ahaziah, persisting a third time.
ἔτιyet / againadverb (reinforcing the repetition: 'yet again')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet / again'; reinforces προσέθετο to mark this as the third in the series.
ἀποστεῖλαιto sendAor Act Inf · ἀποστέλλωcomplementary infinitive (with προσέθετο: 'again to send')→ complementary aorist infinitiveἀποστέλλω (inf.): 'send'; the complementary infinitive completing προσέθετο … ἔτι ('he proceeded yet to send').
ἡγούμενονcommander / leaderPres Mid Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · ἡγέομαιsubstantival participle (with πεντηκόνταρχον: 'a commanding officer')→ verbal action or stateἡγέομαι (ptcp.): 'lead / command'; as in v. 9, ἡγούμενον πεντηκόνταρχον designates the commanding captain.
πεντηκόνταρχονcaptain of fiftyAccusativedirect object of ἀποστεῖλαι (the third officer)→ object specificationπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; the third commander, modified by τρίτον.
τρίτονthirdAccusativeattributive ordinal (modifying πεντηκόνταρχον)→ object specificationτρίτος: 'third'; the ordinal marks this captain as third in the sequence — the one who will break the deadly pattern.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'his fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the third captain's fifty men.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (the third captain approaches)→ constative aorist (completed approach)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the third captain comes to Elijah — but note he does not 'go up' (ἀναβαίνω) demanding descent; his coming leads to kneeling, not commanding.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elijah).
theNominativearticle (with πεντηκόνταρχος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντηκόνταρχοςcaptain of fiftyNominativesubject (the third officer)→ participant prominenceπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; subject of the kneeling and entreaty.
theNominativearticle (with the ordinal τρίτος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτοςthirdNominativeattributive ordinal (modifying πεντηκόνταρχος)→ participant prominenceτρίτος: 'third'; the third captain, emphatically marked by the repeated article (ὁ πεντηκόνταρχος ὁ τρίτος).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκαμψενbowed / bentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κάμπτωmain verb (the captain kneels)→ constative aorist (completed act of kneeling)κάμπτω: 'bend / bow'; ἔκαμψεν ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατα ('bent upon his knees') = he knelt; the gesture of supplication that breaks the pattern of imperious summons (cf. the kneeling of 3 Kgdms 19:18; Phil 2:10).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (onto: 'upon his knees')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (onto: 'upon his knees').
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with γόνατα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γόναταkneesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί ('upon his knees')→ object specificationγόνυ (pl. γόνατα): 'knee'; the posture of kneeling supplication; renders בִּרְכַּיִם.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's knees)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the captain's knees).
κατέναντιbefore / over againstpreposition + genitive (position: 'before Elijah')→ spatial or relational framingκατέναντι: 'opposite / before / in front of'; renders נֶגֶד; the captain kneels facing Elijah, a posture of direct, humble petition.
ΗλιουElijahgenitive object of κατέναντι (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; here the object of κατέναντι ('before Elijah').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδεήθηentreated / beggedAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Sg · δέομαιmain verb (the captain's entreaty)→ constative aorist (completed act of supplication)δέομαι: 'beg / entreat / implore'; takes the genitive of the person entreated (αὐτοῦ, 'him'); the verb of earnest supplication, contrasting sharply with the first two captains' commands.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἐδεήθη (Elijah, the one entreated)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: Elijah, the object of the entreaty (δέομαι + gen.).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (the captain addresses Elijah)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: introduces the captain's plea.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elijah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elijah).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing the plea proper)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the captain's words of entreaty.
ἄνθρωπεO manVocativevocative of address ('man of God')→ direct addressἄνθρωπος (voc. ἄνθρωπε): 'man'; the same title as vv. 9, 11, but here uttered in supplication rather than command.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship ('man of God')→ relational specificationθεός: the God whose prophet holds power over life and death.
ἐντιμωθήτωlet it be precious / honoredAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἐντιμόωmain verb (the petition: 'let my life be precious')→ aorist passive imperative (entreaty for valued sparing)ἐντιμόω: 'hold in honor / regard as precious / value'; the third-person passive imperative ἐντιμωθήτω ('let it be esteemed precious') renders the Hebrew תִּיקַר נָא נַפְשִׁי ('let my life be precious in your eyes'); a plea that Elijah spare what the fire had devoured in the first two companies.
δὴnow / I prayentreaty particle (softening the imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: an emphatic/entreating particle ('now / please / I pray'); renders Hebrew נָא; intensifies the urgency and humility of the petition.
theNominativearticle (with ψυχή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήlife / soulNominativesubject (of ἐντιμωθήτω: 'my life')→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'life / soul / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; here 'my life' as the thing pleaded for; the petition is that this life not be consumed like the previous hundred-and-two.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (the captain's life)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the captain's life).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the men's lives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with ψυχὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴlife / soulNominativesubject (second member: 'the life of your servants')→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'life'; collective for the lives of the fifty men under his command.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with δούλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλωνservants / slavesGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the life of your servants')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; the captain calls himself and his men Elijah's δοῦλοι ('your servants') — a self-abasement that inverts the king's claim of authority over the prophet.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Elijah's servants)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): 'your'; the men are styled Elijah's servants.
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying δούλων: 'these your servants')→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'these'; points to the fifty men present with him.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyGenitiveindeclinable numeral (in apposition: 'these fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the fifty men, named explicitly to recall the two companies already consumed.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative idiom: 'in your eyes')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative idiom: 'in your eyes').
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative with ἐν (idiom: 'in your eyes / sight')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ('in your eyes') renders the Hebrew בְּעֵינֶיךָ — a standard idiom for 'in your estimation / regard'; the captain begs to be valued, not destroyed.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Elijah's eyes)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Elijah's eyes).
14

ἰδοὺ κατέβη πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ κατέφαγεν τοὺς δύο πεντηκοντάρχους τοὺς πρώτους καὶ τοὺς πεντήκοντα αὐτῶν καὶ νῦν ἐντιμωθήτω δὴ ἡ ψυχὴ τῶν δούλων σου ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου

'Behold, fire came down from heaven and consumed the two former captains of fifty and their fifties; but now let the life of your servants be precious in your eyes.'

Grounds of the plea (the fate of the first two companies)ἰδοὺ κατέβη πῦρ
The captain reasons from precedent: ἰδού points to the consumed first two companies as proof of Elijah's lethal power, and καὶ νῦν ('but now') pivots to the renewed plea for mercy. The repetition of ἐντιμωθήτω δή … ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου frames the whole petition (vv. 13–14) by inclusio, making the appeal for spared life its emphatic refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἰδοὺbeholdInterjection · ἰδούpresentative interjection (pointing to the precedent)→ clausal contributionἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; here directs Elijah's (and the reader's) attention to the established fact of the fire's lethality.
κατέβηcame downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (recalling the fire's descent)→ constative aorist (the completed precedent)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; recalls the κατέβη πῦρ of vv. 10, 12; the captain cites the fate of his predecessors as the ground of his fear.
πῦρfireNominativesubject (the fire that fell)→ participant prominenceπῦρ: 'fire'; the divine fire whose past descent the captain invokes; the same fire-from-heaven motif recalled at Luke 9:54.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with οὐρανοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the divine source of the precedent-fire.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενconsumedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωmain verb (the fire's past consumption)→ constative aorist (completed consumption)κατεσθίω: 'consume'; recalls the fate of the first two captains and their men.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with πεντηκοντάρχους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoAccusativeindeclinable numeral (modifying πεντηκοντάρχους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable here; the two previous captains.
πεντηκοντάρχουςcaptains of fiftyAccusativedirect object of κατέφαγεν ('the two captains')→ object specificationπεντηκόνταρχος: 'captain of fifty'; the accusative plural for the two officers already consumed.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with πρώτους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουςformer / firstAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πεντηκοντάρχους: 'the former ones')→ object specificationπρῶτος: 'first / former'; distinguishes the first two captains from the present (third) one who pleads.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (substantivized: 'their fifties')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the men of the two consumed companies.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the captains' fifties)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: 'their'; the fifties belonging to the two former captains.
καὶbut / andcoordinate conjunction (with νῦν, adversative pivot)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowadverb (logical pivot: 'but now')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν ('but now') marks the rhetorical turn from precedent to plea — given that fire has destroyed the others, let it not destroy me.
ἐντιμωθήτωlet it be precious / honoredAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἐντιμόωmain verb (renewed petition: 'let it be precious')→ aorist passive imperative (renewed entreaty)ἐντιμόω: 'regard as precious'; the renewed petition repeats the verb from v. 13, forming an inclusio around the plea.
δὴnow / I prayentreaty particle (softening the imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: 'please / I pray'; renders נָא; intensifies the entreaty (cf. v. 13).
theNominativearticle (with ψυχὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴlife / soulNominativesubject (of ἐντιμωθήτω: 'the life of your servants')→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'life'; the life of the captain and his men, the object of the renewed plea.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with δούλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλωνservantsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the life of your servants')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant'; the captain again styles himself and his men Elijah's servants (cf. v. 13).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Elijah's servants)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Elijah's servants).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (idiom: 'in your eyes')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (idiom: 'in your eyes').
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative with ἐν (idiom: 'in your sight')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου, 'in your eyes / sight'; the Hebraism repeated from v. 13, completing the inclusio.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Elijah's eyes)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Elijah's eyes).
15

καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἄγγελος κυρίου πρὸς Ηλιου καὶ εἶπεν κατάβηθι μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ μὴ φοβηθῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνέστη Ηλιου καὶ κατέβη μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα

And an angel of the LORD spoke to Elijah and said, 'Go down with him; do not be afraid of them.' And Elijah arose and went down with him to the king.

Divine sanction (the angel authorizes Elijah's descent)καὶ ἐλάλησεν ἄγγελος κυρίου
The angel of the LORD (as in v. 3) now releases Elijah to go down — the very κατάβηθι ('come down') the captains had demanded is granted, but on the LORD's authority, not the king's. The reassurance μὴ φοβηθῇς ('do not fear') frames Elijah's descent as obedience under divine protection, not submission to royal coercion. Elijah's prompt ἀνέστη … κατέβη matches his obedience in v. 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (the angel's instruction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: introduces the angel's word releasing Elijah to descend.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerNominativesubject ('an angel of the LORD')→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: 'angel'; the heavenly ἄγγελος κυρίου, the same divine messenger who commissioned Elijah in v. 3, now authorizing his descent.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession ('angel of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the angel speaks with the LORD's authority.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΗλιουElijahobject of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; the object of the angel's address.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing the instruction proper)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the angel's words.
κατάβηθιgo downAor Act Impv 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (the angel's command to descend)→ aorist imperative (divinely sanctioned descent)καταβαίνω: 'go down'; the same imperative κατάβηθι the captains had demanded (vv. 9, 11), now spoken with divine authority — Elijah descends because God says so, not because the king commands.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingμετά (μετ᾿): 'with'; 'go down with him' (the third captain), who is thereby spared.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετ᾿ (the third captain)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: the third captain, with whom Elijah descends.
μὴnotnegative particle (with the prohibitive subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative with the aorist subjunctive φοβηθῇς forms a prohibition ('do not fear').
φοβηθῇςbe afraidAor Pass(dep) Subj 2 Sg · φοβέομαιprohibitive subjunctive ('do not be afraid')→ ingressive aorist prohibitive (do not become afraid)φοβέομαι: 'fear / be afraid'; the aorist subjunctive with μή is a standard prohibition; the reassurance μὴ φοβηθῇς is the recurrent formula of divine encouragement (cf. Gen 15:1; Josh 1:9).
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (source of fear, Hebraizing)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; φοβέομαι ἀπό ('fear from / be afraid of') is a Hebraism rendering יָרֵא מִן.
προσώπουface / presenceGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (idiom: 'from before them')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἀπὸ προσώπου ('from the face of') is a Hebraism (מִפְּנֵי) for 'because of / before'; 'do not fear before them' (the king and his men).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive of possession (with προσώπου: 'their face')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: 'them' — the king and his retinue, of whom Elijah need not be afraid.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Elijah obeys)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηaroseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (Elijah rises to obey)→ ingressive aorist (rising to action)ἀνίστημι: 'rise / get up'; Elijah's prompt obedience to the angel's command, echoing the ἀναστάς of v. 3.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; subject of ἀνέστη and κατέβη.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηwent downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (Elijah descends)→ constative aorist (completed descent)καταβαίνω: 'go down'; Elijah's descent fulfils the angel's κατάβηθι; the prophet now goes down freely to confront the king face to face.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingμετά (μετ᾿): 'with'; Elijah goes down 'with him' (the spared third captain).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of μετ᾿ (the third captain)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: the third captain, now Elijah's escort.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king Ahaziah)→ object specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; Ahaziah, to whom Elijah now delivers the oracle in person.
16

καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν Ηλιου τάδε λέγει κύριος τί ὅτι ἀπέστειλας ἀγγέλους ζητῆσαι ἐν τῇ Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων οὐχ οὕτως ἡ κλίνη ἐφ᾿ ἧς ἀνέβης ἐκεῖ οὐ καταβήσῃ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς ὅτι θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ

And he spoke to him, and Elijah said, 'Thus says the LORD: Why is it that you sent messengers to inquire of Baal the fly, god of Ekron? Therefore the bed onto which you have gone up — you shall not come down from it, for you shall surely die.'

Face-to-face oracle (Elijah delivers the death-sentence to the king in person)καὶ ἐλάλησεν πρὸς αὐτὸν
The chapter's recurring indictment and verdict now land directly on the king. The rhetorical question shifts from the angel's 'is it because there is no God in Israel?' (vv. 3, 6) to the pointed accusation 'why did you send to inquire of Baal-zebub?', and the death-oracle of vv. 4, 6 is repeated verbatim. Spoken face to face, the word seals Ahaziah's fate, fulfilled in v. 17.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (Elijah addresses the king)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: introduces Elijah's face-to-face delivery of the oracle to Ahaziah.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: the king Ahaziah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing the oracle, with Ηλιου as subject)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: εἶπεν Ηλιου ('Elijah said'); introduces the death-oracle delivered in person.
ΗλιουElijahsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; subject of εἶπεν.
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει: messenger-formula)→ participant referenceὅδε (n. pl. τάδε): the genuine prophetic formula τάδε λέγει κύριος ('thus says the LORD') — now restored over against the king's counterfeit τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς (v. 11).
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of the messenger-formula→ present of the messenger-formula (standing divine word)λέγω (pres.): τάδε λέγει κύριος; the LORD's word presented as immediate and authoritative.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of λέγει (the divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the true source of the oracle.
τίwhyNominativeinterrogative pronoun (with ὅτι: 'why is it that')→ participant referenceτίς (n. τί): the idiom τί ὅτι ('why is it that?') as in v. 5; here a reproachful accusation aimed at the king's act of consulting Baal-zebub.
ὅτιthatconjunction (with τί forming 'why is it that')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: completes the interrogative idiom τί ὅτι.
ἀπέστειλαςyou sentAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποστέλλωverb of the accusing question ('why did you send?')→ constative aorist (the king's completed offense)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; the second-person aorist directly charges the king with the offense of v. 2 — sending messengers to a foreign oracle instead of inquiring of the LORD.
ἀγγέλουςmessengersAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλας (the king's envoys)→ object specificationἄγγελος: 'messenger'; the king's human envoys (cf. v. 2).
ζητῆσαιto inquireAor Act Inf · ζητέωinfinitive of purpose (the aim of the sending)→ purpose infinitive (the goal of the offense)ζητέω: 'inquire of / consult'; the purpose of the king's sending — to consult Baal-zebub; the simple form as in v. 6.
ἐνofpreposition + dative (Hebraizing object of consultation)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: rendering בְּ after the verb of inquiring.
τῇtheDativearticle (feminine, with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: the feminine article with Βααλ, as in vv. 2, 3, 6.
ΒααλBaalobject of ἐν (indeclinable divine name)→ participant identificationΒααλ: indeclinable; the repeated phrase Βααλ μυῖαν θεὸν Ακκαρων closes the indictment as it opened (v. 2).
μυῖανthe flyAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the fly')→ object specificationμυῖα: 'fly'; see on v. 2.
θεὸνgodAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('god of Ekron')→ object specificationθεός: the false god of Ekron.
ΑκκαρωνEkrongenitival modifier (indeclinable place name)→ participant identificationΑκκαρων: indeclinable; 'of Ekron.'
οὐχnotnegative particle (with οὕτως: 'not so')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): οὐχ οὕτως, the pivot to the verdict; see on vv. 4, 6.
οὕτωςso / thusadverb (with οὐχ: 'not so')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus'; with οὐχ negates any hope of recovery.
theNominativearticle (with κλίνη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηbedNominativenominative pendens (fronted topic)→ participant prominenceκλίνη: 'bed'; the fronted casus pendens of the death-oracle; see on v. 4.
ἐφ᾿ontopreposition + genitive (relative, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (ἐφ᾿): 'onto'; with ἧς, 'onto which.'
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿)→ relational specificationὅς (gen. ἧς): feminine relative agreeing with κλίνη.
ἀνέβηςyou went upAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of relative clause ('onto which you went up')→ constative aorist (the completed taking to the bed)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the ascent answered by the denied descent; see on v. 4.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive after the fronted κλίνη)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; resumptive Hebraism; see on v. 4.
οὐnotnegative particle (with καταβήσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: emphatic negation of the future.
καταβήσῃyou shall come downFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb of the oracle ('you shall not come down')→ predictive future (certain verdict)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; negated, declares the king will not rise from his bed; see on v. 4.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (ἀπ᾿): 'from'; 'down from it.'
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the bed)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: feminine, = ἡ κλίνη.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the reason — certain death.
θανάτῳwith death / surelyDativecognate dative (Hebraism intensifying ἀποθανῇ)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: 'death'; the cognate dative θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ ('you shall surely die') renders the Hebrew infinitive absolute מוֹת תָּמוּת; see on v. 4.
ἀποθανῇyou shall dieFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (climax of the oracle, with cognate dative)→ predictive future (irrevocable death-sentence)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the emphatic 'you shall surely die'; its fulfilment is reported immediately in v. 17.
17

καὶ ἀπέθανεν κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ὃ ἐλάλησεν Ηλιου

And he died according to the word of the LORD that Elijah had spoken.

Fulfilment notice (the oracle accomplished)καὶ ἀπέθανεν
The terse fulfilment-notice closes the prophetic plot: the king dies exactly κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('according to the word of the LORD'), the standard LXX formula for the realization of a prophetic word (cf. 3 Kgdms 17:16). The relative clause ὃ ἐλάλησεν Ηλιου binds the fulfilment to Elijah's faithful delivery of the oracle (vv. 4, 6, 16), vindicating the prophet and the God who has no rival in Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (the king's death)→ constative aorist (the completed, decisive event)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the bare ἀπέθανεν fulfils the emphatic θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ of the oracle (vv. 4, 6, 16) — the surely-promised death now accomplished.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/norm: 'according to')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the prophetic-fulfilment formula κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to the word')→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / utterance / matter'; renders דָּבָר; τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('the word of the LORD') is the prophetic oracle whose certain fulfilment the verse confirms.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source ('the word of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD whose word, not the oracle of Ekron, determines the king's fate.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν: 'which Elijah spoke')→ participant referenceὅς (n. ὅ): neuter accusative relative agreeing with ῥῆμα; introduces the clause attributing the word to Elijah's delivery.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause ('which Elijah spoke')→ constative aorist (the prophet's completed utterance)λαλέω: 'speak'; binds the fulfilled word to Elijah's faithful pronouncement (vv. 4, 6, 16).
ΗλιουElijahsubject of ἐλάλησεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλιου: indeclinable; the prophet whose word, as the LORD's, is shown infallible.
18

καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Οχοζιου ὅσα ἐποίησεν οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίου λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ισραηλ καὶ Ιωραμ υἱὸς Αχααβ βασιλεύει ἐπὶ Ισραηλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ ἔτη δέκα δύο ἐν ἔτει ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ Ιωσαφατ βασιλέως Ιουδα καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου πλὴν οὐχ ὡς οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ὡς ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέστησεν τὰς στήλας τοῦ Βααλ ἃς ἐποίησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ συνέτριψεν αὐτάς πλὴν ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις οἴκου Ιεροβοαμ ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ ἐκολλήθη οὐκ ἀπέστη ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐθυμώθη ὀργῇ κύριος εἰς τὸν οἶκον Αχααβ

And the rest of the acts of Ahaziah, all that he did — behold, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? And Joram son of Ahab reigned over Israel in Samaria twelve years, in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah; and he did what was evil before the LORD, only not like his brothers nor like his mother; and he removed the pillars of Baal that his father had made and shattered them; only he clung to the sins of the house of Jeroboam, who made Israel to sin — he did not depart from them; and the LORD was kindled with anger against the house of Ahab.

Regnal-formula appendix (closing notice and succession of Joram)καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Οχοζιου
The chapter closes with the standard Deuteronomistic citation-formula ('the rest of the acts… are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?') and a regnal summary for Joram son of Ahab, who succeeds his brother Ahaziah: his accession synchronism (eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat of Judah), his twelve-year reign, his evil yet partial reform (removing the pillars of Baal), and his persistence in the sins of Jeroboam — culminating in the kindling of the LORD's wrath against the house of Ahab, which anticipates the dynasty's bloody end under Jehu (4 Kgdms 9–10). [Editorial sub-verse markers in the manuscript tradition have been omitted from the running Greek text.]
Word-by-word analysis· 92 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with λοιπὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰrest / remainderNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject: 'the rest of the acts')→ participant prominenceλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων ('the rest of the acts/words') is the fixed opening of the Deuteronomistic citation-formula (cf. 3 Kgdms 11:41).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with λόγων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνacts / words / mattersGenitivepartitive genitive ('the rest of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος: 'word / matter / deed'; in the citation-formula τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων, λόγοι renders Hebrew דִּבְרֵי ('the acts/affairs of'), idiomatic for a king's recorded deeds (hence 'Chronicles' = דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים).
Οχοζιουof AhaziahGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying λόγων)→ relational specificationΟχοζιας (gen. Οχοζιου): the declined genitive; 'the acts of Ahaziah'; closing his brief reign.
ὅσαall that / whateverAccusativerelative/correlative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν: 'all that he did')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / all that'; the neuter plural ὅσα ('all that') sums up the king's deeds; renders Hebrew אֲשֶׁר / כָּל־אֲשֶׁר.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause ('all that he did')→ constative aorist (summary of the reign's deeds)ποιέω: 'do / make'; summarizes the deeds referred to the chronicle.
οὐκnotnegative particle (rhetorical-question marker: 'are they not…?')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): here introduces the rhetorical question of the citation-formula ('are they not written?'), expecting the answer 'yes, they are.'
ἰδοὺbeholdInterjection · ἰδούpresentative interjection (within the citation-formula)→ clausal contributionἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה / הֲלֹא; here οὐκ ἰδού ('behold, are they not…?') is the LXX's rendering of the formulaic הֲלֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים ('are they not written?').
ταῦταthese thingsNominativedemonstrative subject (of the implied 'are written')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these (things)'; refers to the king's deeds, declared to be recorded in the royal chronicle.
γεγραμμέναwrittenPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · γράφωperfect participle (periphrastic predicate: 'are written')→ stative perfect participle (a settled, recorded state)γράφω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'write'; the perfect γεγραμμένα ('having been written / on record') denotes a permanent inscribed state; the citation-formula points to an external royal annal.
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + genitive (location of writing: 'in the book')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'upon / in'; of the writing surface — 'on the book/scroll.'
βιβλίουbook / scrollGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('in the book')→ relational specificationβιβλίον: 'book / scroll / document'; renders סֵפֶר; the official royal annal.
λόγωνof the acts / chroniclesGenitivegenitive of content (modifying βιβλίου: 'book of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος: 'matter / act'; βιβλίον λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('book of the acts of the days') renders סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, 'the book of the chronicles' of the kings.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἡμερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνdaysGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the acts of the days' = chronicles)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; λόγοι τῶν ἡμερῶν ('acts of the days') is the calque of דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים — i.e. the annals/chronicles.
τοῖςof theDativearticle (with βασιλεῦσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσινkingsDativedative of possession/reference ('belonging to / of the kings of Israel')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. pl. βασιλεῦσιν): 'king'; the dative renders the Hebrew possessive 'of the kings of Israel' (the annal pertaining to them).
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'the kings of Israel' (the northern kingdom).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the succession notice)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωραμJoramsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωραμ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹרָם / יוֹרָם ('Joram / Jehoram'); indeclinable; son of Ahab and brother of the childless Ahaziah, whom he succeeds as king of Israel.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωραμ ('son of Ahab')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; identifies Joram's parentage (and thus his place in the doomed Omride dynasty).
Αχααβof Ahabgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'son of Ahab')→ participant identificationΑχααβ: indeclinable; Ahab, the dynastic father whose house is under judgment.
βασιλεύειreigns / began to reignPres Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (the accession notice)→ historic present (the accession narrated vividly)βασιλεύω: 'reign / be king'; the present βασιλεύει (a historic/annalistic present) introduces Joram's reign; renders the Hebrew מָלַךְ of the regnal formula.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (rule over: 'over Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over'; of royal rule over a people.
ΙσραηλIsraelobject of ἐπί (indeclinable: 'over Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the northern kingdom over which Joram reigns.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια (dat. Σαμαρείᾳ): the declined form; the capital from which Joram rules.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time ('twelve years')→ object specificationἔτος (pl. ἔτη): 'year'; accusative of duration; the length of Joram's reign.
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (with δύο: 'twelve')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; with δύο forms 'twelve' (δέκα δύο), Joram's regnal length.
δύοtwoindeclinable numeral (with δέκα: 'twelve')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable here; δέκα δύο = 'twelve years.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal: 'in the … year')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'in the … year').
ἔτειyearDativedative of time (the synchronism: 'in the eighteenth year')→ sphere or referenceἔτος (dat. ἔτει): 'year'; the dative for the synchronistic dating of Joram's accession to a Judahite regnal year.
ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳeighteenthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἔτει: 'eighteenth year')→ sphere or referenceὀκτωκαιδέκατος: 'eighteenth' (ὀκτώ + καί + δέκατος); the ordinal dating the accession to the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat of Judah, the standard cross-kingdom synchronism of Kings.
Ιωσαφατof Jehoshaphatgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'of Jehoshaphat')→ participant identificationΙωσαφατ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט ('Jehoshaphat'); indeclinable; the contemporary king of Judah by whose regnal year the accession is dated.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιωσαφατ ('king of Judah')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; Jehoshaphat titled 'king of Judah.'
Ιουδαof Judahgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'of Judah')→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה ('Judah'); indeclinable; the southern kingdom.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the cultic evaluation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the regnal evaluation formula)→ constative aorist (summary verdict on the reign)ποιέω: 'do'; ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρόν ('he did the evil') is the standard Deuteronomistic evaluation formula for the northern kings.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with πονηρὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilAccusativesubstantivized adjective (direct object: 'the evil')→ object specificationπονηρός: 'evil / wicked'; τὸ πονηρόν ('the evil') renders הָרַע; the object of the evaluative formula ('he did what was evil in the LORD's sight').
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofpreposition + genitive (evaluative: 'before the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; Hebraism rendering בְּעֵינֵי ('in the eyes of'); the standard locus of the king's evaluation.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον ('before the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD in whose sight the evil is reckoned.
πλὴνonly / exceptadverb/conjunction (qualifying the verdict: 'only')→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'only / except / nevertheless'; renders רַק; introduces the qualification that Joram's evil was less than his parents' — a relative mitigation.
οὐχnotnegative particle (with ὡς: 'not like')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): negates the comparison ('not like his brothers').
ὡςas / likecomparative particle ('like his brothers')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like'; introduces the comparison qualifying his evil.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἀδελφοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersNominativenominative of comparison ('like his brothers')→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: 'brother'; here Joram's kin in the house of Ahab (Ahaziah and others), whose idolatry was worse than his.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οὐδὲnornegative conjunction ('nor like his mother')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδέ: 'and not / nor'; extends the negative comparison to his mother.
ὡςas / likecomparative particle ('like his mother')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'like'; second member of the comparison.
theNominativearticle (with μήτηρ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherNominativenominative of comparison ('like his mother')→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: 'mother'; Jezebel, the notorious patroness of Baal-worship, against whose extreme idolatry Joram's is measured as less.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the partial reform)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστησενhe removedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίστημιmain verb (the partial reform: removing the pillars)→ constative aorist (completed removal)ἀφίστημι: 'remove / set away'; transitive aorist here; Joram's removal of the Baal-pillars is the substance of his partial reform — a mitigating act distinguishing him from his parents.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with στήλας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήλαςpillars / stelesAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστησεν (the cultic pillars)→ object specificationστήλη: 'pillar / standing-stone / stele'; renders מַצֵּבָה; the cultic standing-stones of Baal erected by Ahab (3 Kgdms 16:32–33), which Joram removed.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with Βααλ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'of Baal')→ participant identificationΒααλ: indeclinable; here with the masculine article (τοῦ Βααλ), 'the pillars of Baal' — the Canaanite deity whose cult Ahab had established.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν: 'which his father made')→ participant referenceὅς (f. pl. ἃς): feminine accusative relative agreeing with στήλας.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause ('which his father made')→ constative aorist (the father's completed act)ποιέω: 'make'; of Ahab's making of the Baal-pillars.
theNominativearticle (with πατὴρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of ἐποίησεν ('his father')→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; Ahab, who had made the pillars Joram now removes.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέτριψενshattered / broke in piecesAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντρίβωmain verb (destruction of the pillars)→ constative aorist (completed destruction)συντρίβω: 'shatter / crush / break in pieces'; renders שָׁבַר; intensifies the reform — Joram not only removed but smashed the Baal-pillars.
αὐτάςthemAccusativedirect object of συνέτριψεν (the pillars)→ participant referenceαὐτάς: feminine, = τὰς στήλας ('the pillars').
πλὴνonly / neverthelessadverb/conjunction (qualifying the reform: 'only / yet')→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'only / nevertheless'; renders רַק; the second πλήν qualifies the reform — for all his removal of Baal's pillars, Joram clung to the deeper sin of Jeroboam (the golden calves).
ἐνto / inpreposition + dative (with ἐκολλήθη: 'clung to')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here with κολλάομαι ('cling to'); 'he clung to the sins…'
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with ἁμαρτίαις)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιςsinsDativedative with ἐκολλήθη ('clung to the sins')→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: 'sin'; renders חַטָּאת; 'the sins of the house of Jeroboam' = the calf-worship at Bethel and Dan, the paradigmatic sin of the northern kingdom.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἁμαρτίαις)→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / household / dynasty'; 'the house of Jeroboam' = the dynastic line and cult-establishment of Jeroboam I.
Ιεροβοαμof Jeroboamgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'of Jeroboam')→ participant identificationΙεροβοαμ: transliteration of Hebrew יָרָבְעָם ('Jeroboam'); indeclinable; Jeroboam I, founder of the northern kingdom's calf-cult, the archetype of Israelite apostasy.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξήμαρτεν: 'who made Israel sin')→ participant referenceὅς: masculine nominative relative referring to Jeroboam.
ἐξήμαρτενmade to sinAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαμαρτάνωverb of relative clause (causative: 'who caused Israel to sin')→ constative aorist (Jeroboam's enduring corrupting act)ἐξαμαρτάνω: 'cause to sin / lead into sin'; the causative compound renders the Hiphil הֶחֱטִיא ('made to sin'); the fixed formula ὃς ἐξήμαρτεν τὸν Ισραηλ ('who made Israel to sin') is the standing indictment of Jeroboam throughout Kings.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the indeclinable Ισραηλ, marking it accusative)→ noun-phrase markingτόν: the accusative article marks the indeclinable Ισραηλ as the direct object of ἐξήμαρτεν.
ΙσραηλIsraeldirect object of ἐξήμαρτεν (indeclinable, marked accusative by τὸν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the people whom Jeroboam led into sin.
ἐκολλήθηhe clungAor Pass(dep) Indic 3 Sg · κολλάομαιmain verb (Joram's persistence in Jeroboam's sins)→ constative aorist (settled adherence)κολλάομαι: 'cling / join oneself to / adhere'; renders דָּבַק; Joram 'clung' to Jeroboam's sins — for all his anti-Baal reform, he never broke with the foundational apostasy of the northern cult.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀπέστη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): negates ἀπέστη ('he did not depart').
ἀπέστηhe departedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀφίστημιmain verb ('he did not depart from them')→ constative aorist (the failure to turn away)ἀφίστημι (intrans. aor.): 'depart / turn away / stand off'; the intransitive aorist ἀπέστη here contrasts with the transitive ἀπέστησεν above (he removed the pillars but did not himself turn away from Jeroboam's sins).
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (separation, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (ἀπ᾿): 'from'; 'depart from them' (the sins of Jeroboam).
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (the sins of Jeroboam)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: 'them' = the sins of Jeroboam, from which Joram did not depart.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the closing verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμώθηwas angered / kindled with wrathAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θυμόωmain verb (the LORD's wrath kindled)→ ingressive aorist (the kindling of divine anger)θυμόω (pass. 'be angry'): 'become enraged / be kindled with wrath'; with the cognate dative ὀργῇ ('with anger') it intensifies — 'the LORD was kindled with anger'; anticipates the destruction of the house of Ahab under Jehu (4 Kgdms 9–10).
ὀργῇwith anger / wrathDativedative of manner/cognate (intensifying ἐθυμώθη)→ sphere or referenceὀργή: 'anger / wrath'; the cognate/instrumental dative ὀργῇ with ἐθυμώθη ('was angered with anger') is a Hebraizing intensification (cf. חָרָה אַף), expressing the heat of divine wrath.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject (the LORD whose wrath is kindled)→ participant prominenceκύριος: = the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD whose anger against the Omride dynasty closes the chapter.
εἰςagainstpreposition + accusative (direction of wrath: 'against')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here 'against' (hostile direction); 'the LORD was angered against the house of Ahab.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the object of wrath)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / dynasty'; 'the house of Ahab' = the Omride dynasty, doomed to be cut off (cf. 3 Kgdms 21:21–24).
Αχααβof Ahabgenitival modifier (indeclinable: 'of Ahab')→ participant identificationΑχααβ: indeclinable; Ahab, the dynastic head whose house the LORD's wrath now targets — the note on which the chapter closes.