Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Fourth Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 5ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ Ε′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Naaman is cleansed by humble obedience, while Gehazi's greed turns grace into leprosy and judgment.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 4 Kingdoms 5 (= 2 Kings 5 MT) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. This is the kaige-recension portion of Kingdoms, and its Greek is markedly Hebraizing: relentless καί-parataxis, the rendering of the captive maid as νεᾶνις/νεάνις, and the recurrent verb ἀποσυνάγω ('gather away / cure of leprosy', vv. 3, 6, 7, 11) — an unusual LXX choice for אָסַף in its idiomatic sense of 'remove (a disease).' The chapter narrates the healing of Ναιμαν (Naaman), commander of the army of Syria, a great man before his lord (ἀνὴρ μέγας ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ) yet a leper (λελεπρωμένος, v. 1). A captive Israelite girl points him to the prophet in Samaria; the king of Israel tears his garments in dismay (μὴ θεὸς ἐγὼ τοῦ θανατῶσαι καὶ ζωοποιῆσαι, v. 7), but Elisha (Ελισαιε) summons Naaman and bids him wash seven times (ἑπτάκις) in the Jordan (v. 10). Naaman rages — are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? (v. 12) — until his servants' counsel prevails; he dips seven times, and his flesh returns 'as the flesh of a little child' (ὡς σὰρξ παιδαρίου μικροῦ, v. 14). His confession — οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ὅτι ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ (v. 15) — is the theological summit of the episode; it is precisely this Gentile cleansing that Jesus invokes at Luke 4:27 ("and many lepers were in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet, and none of them was cleansed but Naaman the Syrian"), making 4 Kingdoms 5 a key intertext for Luke's programmatic Nazareth sermon on the extension of God's mercy beyond Israel. The closing movement (vv. 20–27) reverses the blessing: Gehazi (Γιεζι), Elisha's servant, runs after Naaman, lies to obtain silver and garments, lies again to Elisha (οὐ πεπόρευται ὁ δοῦλός σου ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, v. 25), and inherits the leprosy that had left Naaman — ἡ λέπρα Ναιμαν κολληθήσεται ἐν σοὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα (v. 27), departing white as snow (λελεπρωμένος ὡσεὶ χιών).

1

καὶ Ναιμαν ὁ ἄρχων τῆς δυνάμεως Συρίας ἦν ἀνὴρ μέγας ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ καὶ τεθαυμασμένος προσώπῳ ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἔδωκεν κύριος σωτηρίαν Συρίᾳ καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἦν δυνατὸς ἰσχύι λελεπρωμένος

Now Naaman, the commander of the army of Syria, was a great man before his lord and held in honor of person, because by him the LORD had given deliverance to Syria; and the man was mighty in strength — a leper.

Narrative exposition: introduction of the protagonist (circumstantial setting)καὶ Ναιμαν
The chapter opens with a characterizing nominal clause rather than a verb of action — Naaman is described before he acts. The sentence stacks honorifics (ἄρχων, ἀνὴρ μέγας, τεθαυμασμένος, δυνατὸς ἰσχύι) and lands with brutal economy on the final participle λελεπρωμένος ('being a leper'), the single word that undoes them all and drives the plot.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶnow / andnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis, opening the pericope)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: renders the Hebrew waw; in kaige-Kingdoms the relentless paratactic καί is the dominant clause-linker; here it opens the episode in medias res.
ΝαιμανNaamansubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliteration of Hebrew נַעֲמָן ('pleasantness'); indeclinable throughout the chapter; the Syrian army commander whose healing is the central event and the subject of Jesus' citation at Luke 4:27.
theNominativearticle (with appositional ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνcommander / chiefNominativenominative in apposition to Ναιμαν→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / commander'; renders שַׂר; here the head of the Syrian military, the highest rank under the king.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςarmy / hostGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ἄρχων: 'commander of the army')→ relational specificationδύναμις: 'power / military force / army'; renders חַיִל; the standard LXX term for an armed host; Naaman commands the whole Syrian army.
Συρίαςof SyriaGenitivegenitive (defining δυνάμεως: 'of Syria')→ relational specificationΣυρία: Greek name for אֲרָם (Aram); declined as a first-declension noun in this chapter (gen. Συρίας, dat. Συρίᾳ, nom. Συρία); hence treated as a declinable proper noun with case.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating ἀνὴρ μέγας)→ stative imperfect (characterizing background state)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be'; the imperfect supplies durative background description appropriate to the opening exposition.
ἀνὴρmanNominativepredicate nominative (with ἦν)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man / husband'; renders אִישׁ; ἀνὴρ μέγας ('a great man') is an honorific for high social standing.
μέγαςgreatNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀνήρ)→ participant prominenceμέγας: 'great / important'; renders גָּדוֹל; here social and political eminence, sharpened by the irony of the closing λελεπρωμένος.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofpreposition + genitive (evaluative perspective: Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; marks the esteem in which the king held Naaman.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουlord / masterGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (Naaman's royal master)→ relational specificationκύριος: here a HUMAN master — Naaman's lord, the king of Syria — not the Tetragrammaton; the qualifier αὐτοῦ ('his lord') marks the human-master sense.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with κυρίου)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κυρίου).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεθαυμασμένοςheld in honor / admiredPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)→ resultative perfect participle (settled state of being held in admiration)θαυμάζω (pf. pass. ptcp.): 'admire / hold in honor / regard with wonder'; the periphrastic-type perfect passive renders נְשֻׂא פָנִים ('lifted of face / highly favored'); here paired with προσώπῳ ('in respect of person').
προσώπῳin person / in countenanceDativedative of respect (with τεθαυμασμένος: 'admired as to his person')→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: 'face / person / presence'; renders פָּנִים; the dative of respect renders the Hebrew idiom נְשֻׂא פָנִים — Naaman was a man whose 'face was lifted up,' i.e. of recognized rank.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (introducing reason for his eminence)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / that'; here causal, explaining the ground of Naaman's standing — his military success was attributed to divine agency.
ἐνby / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by him')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental ('by means of him'), a Hebraizing use of בְּ; the LORD gave victory to Syria through Naaman's agency.
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of ἐν (instrumental: 'by him')→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐν (instrumental: 'by him').
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb of the causal clause→ constative aorist (completed bestowal of victory)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; remarkably it is κύριος, the God of Israel, who is credited with Syria's military deliverance — a striking acknowledgment of YHWH's universal sovereignty even over a pagan nation's victories.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἔδωκεν (the divine name)→ participant prominenceκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton יהוה — the God of Israel, named as the giver of victory to Syria; the universal-sovereignty note anticipates Naaman's later confession (v. 15).
σωτηρίανdeliverance / salvationAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationσωτηρία: 'salvation / deliverance / victory'; renders תְּשׁוּעָה; here military victory rather than spiritual salvation — YHWH granted Syria success in war through Naaman.
Συρίᾳto SyriaDativedative of advantage (recipient of σωτηρίαν)→ sphere or referenceΣυρία (dat. Συρίᾳ): the beneficiary of the deliverance; declined, hence kind 'n' with dative case.
καὶand / butcoordinate conjunction (introducing the climactic reversal)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here functions adversatively in effect — the honorifics are crowned, then undone by λελεπρωμένος.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρmanNominativesubject (resumptive: 'the man')→ participant prominenceἀνὴρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as subject (resumptive: 'the man').
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (predicating δυνατὸς ἰσχύι)→ stative imperfect (background characterization)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): the copula of the name-gloss.
δυνατὸςmighty / strongNominativepredicate adjective (with ἦν)→ participant prominenceδυνατός: 'powerful / mighty / able'; renders גִּבּוֹר חַיִל ('mighty man of valor'); a warrior's epithet — Naaman is physically and militarily formidable.
ἰσχύιin strengthDativedative of respect (qualifying δυνατός: 'mighty in strength')→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: 'strength / might'; renders חַיִל; the dative of respect specifies the sphere of Naaman's power.
λελεπρωμένοςbeing a leper / leprousPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λεπρόωperfect participle (predicative, the climactic reversal)→ resultative perfect participle (settled, ongoing diseased state)λεπρόω (pf. pass. ptcp.): 'be afflicted with leprosy'; renders מְצֹרָע (the Pual participle of צרע); the resultative perfect denotes an established condition; placed last, this single word cancels every honorific that precedes it and sets the plot in motion (cf. its return at v. 27 of Gehazi).
2

καὶ Συρία ἐξῆλθον μονόζωνοι καὶ ᾐχμαλώτευσαν ἐκ γῆς Ισραηλ νεάνιδα μικράν καὶ ἦν ἐνώπιον τῆς γυναικὸς Ναιμαν

And the Syrians went out as raiding bands and took captive from the land of Israel a little girl, and she was in attendance before Naaman's wife.

Narrative background: the captive girl introduced (flashback to a prior raid)καὶ Συρία ἐξῆλθον
A circumstantial flashback explaining how an Israelite girl came to know of Elisha and to serve in Naaman's household. The constructio ad sensum Συρία … ἐξῆλθον (singular collective subject, plural verb) treats 'Syria' as the raiding men. The girl — small, captive, powerless — becomes the unlikely instrument of revelation, an inversion the narrative exploits.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣυρίαSyria / the SyriansNominativesubject (collective singular with plural verb, constructio ad sensum)→ participant prominenceΣυρία (nom.): the collective 'Syria' construed as its raiding men, hence the plural verbs ἐξῆλθον / ᾐχμαλώτευσαν; declined, hence kind 'n' nominative.
ἐξῆλθονwent outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (plural by sense with collective Συρία)→ constative aorist (completed raiding expedition)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / set forth'; renders יָצָא; here of a military sortie — the Syrians went out on raids.
μονόζωνοιraiding bands / light-armed troopsNominativepredicate/appositional nominative (manner: 'as raiders')→ participant prominenceμονόζωνος: lit. 'girded alone / single-belted'; a LXX term for light-armed marauders or guerrilla raiders, rendering גְּדוּדִים ('raiding bands'); they conducted swift cross-border razzias.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾐχμαλώτευσανtook captiveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · αἰχμαλωτεύωmain verb (coordinate with ἐξῆλθον)→ constative aorist (completed act of capture)αἰχμαλωτεύω: 'take captive / lead away as prisoner of war'; from αἰχμή ('spear-point') + ἁλίσκομαι ('be captured'); renders שָׁבָה; the girl is a prisoner of war, stripped of home and status.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; ἐκ γῆς Ισραηλ ('from the land of Israel') marks the girl's origin and the irony that healing-knowledge travels from the raided to the raider.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'land of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the Northern Kingdom from which the girl was seized.
νεάνιδαgirl / young womanAccusativedirect object of ᾐχμαλώτευσαν→ object specificationνεᾶνις (acc. νεάνιδα): 'girl / young woman / maiden'; renders נַעֲרָה; the captive Israelite girl whose testimony sets the healing in motion.
μικράνlittle / smallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying νεάνιδα)→ object specificationμικρός: 'small / little / young'; renders קְטַנָּה; her smallness underscores the powerlessness of the agent through whom God's mercy is announced.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνshe wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (durative: 'she was in attendance')→ stative imperfect (ongoing situation of service)εἰμί: 'be'; with ἐνώπιον in the sense of 'be in attendance before / serve'.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in attendance onpreposition + genitive (service: 'in the presence/service of')→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; with ἦν it denotes domestic service — the girl waited upon Naaman's wife.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικὸςwife / womanGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationγυνή (gen. γυναικός): 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; here Naaman's wife, the girl's mistress (cf. ἡ κυρία αὐτῆς, v. 3).
Ναιμανof Naamangenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Naaman's wife')→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: indeclinable; genitive of possession with γυναικός.
3

ἡ δὲ εἶπεν τῇ κυρίᾳ αὐτῆς ὄφελον ὁ κύριός μου ἐνώπιον τοῦ προφήτου τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ τότε ἀποσυνάξει αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς λέπρας αὐτοῦ

And she said to her mistress, 'Would that my lord were before the prophet of God who is in Samaria! Then he would cure him of his leprosy.'

Direct speech: the girl's testimony (turn from background to dialogue)ἡ δὲ εἶπεν
δέ marks the shift from background narration to the girl's pivotal speech. The optative-like particle ὄφελον introduces an unattainable-sounding wish ('would that…') that the narrative will in fact fulfill. The verb ἀποσυνάξει ('he would gather/take away') is the chapter's keyword for curing leprosy (cf. vv. 6, 7, 11).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
sheNominativesubject (article used as demonstrative/pronoun: 'she')→ participant referenceἡ … δέ: the article with δέ functions pronominally ('and she'), a common LXX/Koine narrative device for a change of speaker.
δὲand / nownarrative continuative (post-positive, marking speaker-shift)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω (aor. εἶπεν): the standard narrative verb of speaking; introduces the girl's wish.
τῇthe / herDativearticle (with κυρίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίᾳmistressDativeindirect object (addressee of εἶπεν)→ sphere or referenceκυρία: 'mistress / lady (of the house)'; the feminine of κύριος; renders גְּבִרְתָּהּ; Naaman's wife as the girl's owner — a human-mistress sense, not divine.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession (with κυρίᾳ)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κυρίᾳ).
ὄφελονwould that / O thatparticle introducing an unattainable/optative wish→ discourse linkage or contrastὄφελον: fossilized aorist of ὀφείλω used as an indeclinable particle introducing a wish ('would that!'); here renders the Hebrew אַחֲלֵי ('O that'); the wish frames the prophet's power as the girl's confident hope.
theNominativearticle (with κύριός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςlord / masterNominativesubject of the implied verb of the wish→ participant prominenceκύριος: here a HUMAN master — 'my lord' = Naaman, spoken by the captive girl; the possessive μου and the household context mark the human-master sense, not the Tetragrammaton.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with κύριός)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κύριός).
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (the desired situation: 'before the prophet')→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: here 'in the presence of' — the wish is that Naaman might present himself to the prophet.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with προφήτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationπροφήτης: 'prophet / spokesman'; renders נָבִיא; Elisha, here unnamed but identified by location (Samaria) and office; the girl's confidence in 'the prophet of God' is the theological seed of the episode.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of relationship (defining προφήτου: 'prophet of God')→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; the phrase προφήτου τοῦ θεοῦ underscores that Elisha's authority is derived — he is God's prophet, not a freelance wonder-worker.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (substantizing the locative phrase: 'who is in Samaria')→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ: the article + prepositional phrase forms an attributive ('the one in Samaria'), modifying the prophet.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaDativedative of place (locative: 'in Samaria')→ sphere or referenceΣαμάρεια (dat. Σαμαρείᾳ): the capital of the Northern Kingdom; declined as a first-declension noun, hence kind 'n' with dative case; it locates Elisha's prophetic activity.
τότεthentemporal adverb (apodosis of the wish: 'then he would…')→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then / at that time'; introduces the consequence of the fulfilled wish — were Naaman before the prophet, healing would follow.
ἀποσυνάξειhe would cure / gather awayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποσυνάγωmain verb of the apodosis (future for hypothetical consequence)→ predictive future (confident assertion of the cure)ἀποσυνάγω: lit. 'gather away / take away'; the chapter's keyword for healing leprosy (cf. vv. 6, 7, 11), rendering אָסַף in its idiomatic sense of 'remove / cure (a disease)'; the unusual choice reflects the Hebraizing kaige translator.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀποσυνάξει→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀποσυνάξει.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: cure 'from' the disease)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: cure 'from' the disease).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with λέπρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέπραςleprosyGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἀπό: 'from his leprosy')→ relational specificationλέπρα: 'leprosy / scaly skin-disease'; renders צָרַעַת; the disease (a broad category of skin afflictions) that defines Naaman's plight and, transferred, Gehazi's doom (v. 27).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with λέπρας)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with λέπρας).
4

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν τῷ κυρίῳ ἑαυτῆς καὶ εἶπεν οὕτως καὶ οὕτως ἐλάλησεν ἡ νεᾶνις ἡ ἐκ γῆς Ισραηλ

And she went in and reported to her lord, saying, 'Thus and thus has spoken the girl who is from the land of Israel.'

Narrative continuation: the report reaches Naaman (chain of transmission)καὶ εἰσῆλθεν
The girl's word is relayed up the household chain — to the mistress, now reported to Naaman ('her lord'). The idiom οὕτως καὶ οὕτως ('thus and thus') is the narrator's shorthand summarizing the already-given speech, avoiding verbatim repetition. The subject of εἰσῆλθεν is the wife/mistress reporting to Naaman.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενwent inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (subject: Naaman's wife)→ constative aorist (completed entry)εἰσέρχομαι: 'go in / enter'; renders בּוֹא; the mistress enters to report to Naaman.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήγγειλενreported / announcedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb (coordinate)→ constative aorist (completed report)ἀπαγγέλλω: 'report / announce / bring word'; renders נָגַד (Hiphil); the relaying of the girl's testimony to Naaman.
τῷthe / herDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳlord / masterDativeindirect object (recipient of the report)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: here a HUMAN master — Naaman as 'her own lord' (the wife's husband/master); the reflexive ἑαυτῆς and household setting mark the human sense, not the Tetragrammaton.
ἑαυτῆςher ownGenitivereflexive possessive (with κυρίῳ: 'her own lord')→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ/ἑαυτῆς: reflexive pronoun; 'her own (lord)' = Naaman, the wife's husband and master.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaying / saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb introducing the summarizing report→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the summarized content of the report (οὕτως καὶ οὕτως).
οὕτωςthusdemonstrative adverb (summarizing speech: 'thus')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; the doubled οὕτως καὶ οὕτως ('thus and thus') is a narrative shorthand for an already-reported speech, sparing verbatim repetition.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (within the οὕτως … οὕτως idiom)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusdemonstrative adverb (second member of 'thus and thus')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (within the report: 'has spoken the girl')→ constative aorist (completed utterance)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר; here of the girl's reported speech.
theNominativearticle (with νεᾶνις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεᾶνιςgirl / young womanNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν→ participant prominenceνεᾶνις: 'girl / young woman'; the captive Israelite maid; the attached attributive clause marks her foreign origin as the source of the surprising hope.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizing the locative phrase: 'who is from…')→ noun-phrase markingἡ ἐκ γῆς Ισραηλ: article + prepositional phrase as attributive ('the one from the land of Israel').
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationγῆς: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive of source (with ἐκ).
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'land of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; identifies the girl's homeland.
5

καὶ εἶπεν βασιλεὺς Συρίας πρὸς Ναιμαν δεῦρο εἴσελθε καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ βιβλίον πρὸς βασιλέα Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἔλαβεν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ δέκα τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ ἑξακισχιλίους χρυσοῦς καὶ δέκα ἀλλασσομένας στολάς

And the king of Syria said to Naaman, 'Come, go, and I will send a letter to the king of Israel.' And he went and took in his hand ten talents of silver and six thousand pieces of gold and ten changes of garments.

Narrative advance: the king's commission and Naaman's provisioningκαὶ εἶπεν βασιλεὺς Συρίας
The household rumor becomes royal diplomacy. The king of Syria initiates a state-level mission, complete with letter and extravagant gifts. The catalogue of wealth (ten talents, six thousand gold pieces, ten changes of garments) signals that Naaman expects to purchase his cure — a misunderstanding Elisha will expose.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces the Syrian king's directive to Naaman.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; here the king of Syria (Aram), Naaman's royal master.
Συρίαςof SyriaGenitivegenitive (defining βασιλεύς: 'king of Syria')→ relational specificationΣυρία (gen. Συρίας): declined, kind 'n' with genitive case.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΝαιμανNaamanaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
δεῦροcome!adverb/interjection of summons (imperatival)→ clausal contributionδεῦρο: 'come! / here!'; an adverb used as an imperative of summons; renders לֵךְ / בֹּא; here urging Naaman to set out.
εἴσελθεgo / enterAor Act Impv 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιimperative (paired with δεῦρο: 'come, go')→ ingressive aorist imperative (set out now)εἰσέρχομαι: 'go in / enter / proceed'; the aorist imperative commands Naaman to undertake the journey to Israel.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶI will sendFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb (king's first-person promise)→ predictive future (the king's intended act)ἐξαποστέλλω: 'send out / dispatch'; the compound ἐξαπο- intensifies; renders שָׁלַח; the king will send a diplomatic letter ahead of Naaman.
βιβλίονletter / documentAccusativedirect object of ἐξαποστελῶ→ object specificationβιβλίον: 'scroll / document / letter'; renders סֵפֶר; the official royal letter requesting Naaman's cure.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationβασιλεύς (acc. βασιλέα): here the king of Israel, recipient of the letter.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'king of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the Northern Kingdom whose king is addressed.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηhe wentAor Pass(Dep) Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (Naaman's departure)→ constative aorist (completed departure)πορεύομαι: 'go / journey / travel'; deponent; renders הָלַךְ; Naaman sets out for Israel.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (provisioning the gifts)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take / receive / carry'; renders לָקַח; Naaman gathers the payment he expects to give for healing.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (means/agency: 'in his hand')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means/agency: 'in his hand').
τῇtheDativearticle (with χειρὶ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὶhandDativedative of means (idiomatic: 'in his hand' = with him)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; the idiom ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ('in his hand') renders בְּיָדוֹ, a Hebraism meaning 'in his possession / with him'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with χειρὶ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χειρὶ).
δέκαtennumeral (modifying τάλαντα; indeclinable numeral)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal numeral; quantifies the talents of silver.
τάλανταtalentsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationτάλαντον: 'talent' (a large unit of weight/value); renders כִּכָּר; ten talents of silver is an enormous sum — Naaman comes prepared to pay royally.
ἀργυρίουof silverGenitivegenitive of material (with τάλαντα)→ relational specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; renders כֶּסֶף; the precious metal of the gift.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακισχιλίουςsix thousandAccusativenumeral (modifying χρυσοῦς)→ object specificationἑξακισχίλιοι: 'six thousand'; quantifies the gold pieces (shekels of gold).
χρυσοῦςgold piecesAccusativedirect object (parallel to τάλαντα)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden / a gold piece'; here substantival, 'pieces/shekels of gold'; renders זָהָב; the second component of the lavish payment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (modifying στολάς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; quantifies the festal garments.
ἀλλασσομέναςchanges of / festalPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Fem · ἀλλάσσωattributive participle (modifying στολάς: 'changes of garments')→ verbal action or stateἀλλάσσω (pres. ptcp.): 'change / exchange'; the participial idiom ἀλλασσομένας στολάς ('changing garments') renders חֲלִיפוֹת בְּגָדִים ('changes of raiment'), i.e. costly festal suits given as gifts (cf. Gen 45:22; Judg 14:12).
στολάςgarments / robesAccusativedirect object (parallel to τάλαντα, χρυσοῦς)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / festal garment'; renders בֶּגֶד / שִׂמְלָה; ornate clothing as part of the gift-package.
6

καὶ ἤνεγκεν τὸ βιβλίον πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ισραηλ λέγων καὶ νῦν ὡς ἂν ἔλθῃ τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο πρὸς σέ ἰδοὺ ἀπέστειλα πρὸς σὲ Ναιμαν τὸν δοῦλόν μου καὶ ἀποσυνάξεις αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς λέπρας αὐτοῦ

And he brought the letter to the king of Israel, saying, 'And now, when this letter comes to you, behold, I have sent to you Naaman my servant, that you may cure him of his leprosy.'

Narrative continuation: delivery and content of the royal letter (embedded speech)καὶ ἤνεγκεν τὸ βιβλίον
The letter's text is quoted. Its blunt demand — 'cure him of his leprosy' — treats healing as a deliverable the king of Israel can simply produce, a category error that triggers the next verse's panic. The verb ἀποσυνάξεις again carries the chapter's keyword for healing.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωmain verb (delivery of the letter)→ constative aoristφέρω (aor. ἤνεγκεν): 'bring / carry'; renders בּוֹא (Hiphil); Naaman conveys the letter to Israel's king.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βιβλίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονletterAccusativedirect object of ἤνεγκεν→ object specificationβιβλίον: the royal letter of v. 5.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationβασιλεύς (acc. βασιλέα): the king of Israel.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'king of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'king of Israel').
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the letter's content; Hebraism for לֵאמֹר)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων renders Hebrew לֵאמֹר, the standard particle introducing direct/quoted speech — here the content of the letter.
καὶandconjunction (epistolary opening: 'and now')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (epistolary formula: 'and now')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν ('and now', וְעַתָּה) is a standard transitional formula in Hebrew letters, marking the move to the main business.
ὡςwhen / astemporal conjunction (introducing the temporal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς … ἂν: 'when(ever)'; with ἄν + subjunctive forms an indefinite-temporal clause.
ἂν(modal particle)modal particle (with subjunctive ἔλθῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle marking the contingency of the temporal clause.
ἔλθῃcomesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of the temporal clause (subjunctive with ὡς ἄν)→ aorist subjunctive (contingent future arrival)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the aorist subjunctive in the ὡς ἄν clause: 'when this letter comes to you'.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with βιβλίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονletterNominativesubject of ἔλθῃ→ participant prominenceβιβλίον: meaning 'letter'; it serves as subject of ἔλθῃ.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying βιβλίον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the deictic τοῦτο points to the very letter being read aloud.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king of Israel)→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king of Israel).
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (drawing attention)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; a deictic attention-marker introducing the letter's main assertion.
ἀπέστειλαI have sentAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb of the letter (the Syrian king's act)→ epistolary/constative aorist ('I have sent' = herewith I send)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; renders שָׁלַח; the epistolary aorist views the sending from the recipient's standpoint ('I have sent to you').
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
σὲyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
ΝαιμανNaamanaccusative object of ἀπέστειλα (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of ἀπέστειλα (indeclinable).
τὸνthe / myAccusativearticle (with δοῦλόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόνservantAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ναιμαν→ object specificationδοῦλος: 'slave / servant'; renders עֶבֶד; the king calls Naaman 'my servant' — a courtly designation of his high official, not literal slavery.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with δοῦλόν)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δοῦλόν).
καὶand / thatcoordinate conjunction (with imperatival/result force: 'so that you may cure')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here the paratactic καί carries a purpose/expectation force — the king bluntly expects Israel's king to effect the cure.
ἀποσυνάξειςyou shall cure / gather awayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποσυνάγωmain verb (the demand: 'you will cure him')→ imperatival/expectant future (peremptory demand)ἀποσυνάγω: the chapter's keyword for healing leprosy (cf. vv. 3, 7, 11); the future indicative here functions as a peremptory demand addressed to the king of Israel, who has no such power.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἀποσυνάξεις→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀποσυνάξεις.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with λέπρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέπραςleprosyGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἀπό)→ relational specificationλέπρα: 'leprosy'; the disease the letter peremptorily demands be removed.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with λέπρας)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with λέπρας).
7

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἀνέγνω βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ τὸ βιβλίον διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν μὴ θεὸς ἐγὼ τοῦ θανατῶσαι καὶ ζωοποιῆσαι ὅτι οὗτος ἀποστέλλει πρός με ἀποσυνάξαι ἄνδρα ἀπὸ τῆς λέπρας αὐτοῦ ὅτι πλὴν γνῶτε δὴ καὶ ἴδετε ὅτι προφασίζεται οὗτός με

And it happened, when the king of Israel read the letter, he tore his garments and said, 'Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man sends to me to cure a man of his leprosy? For only consider, I pray, and see that he is seeking a pretext against me.'

Narrative climax of section A: the king's panic (καὶ ἐγένετο temporal frame)καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἀνέγνω
The Hebraizing καὶ ἐγένετο ('and it came to pass') + temporal ὡς-clause frames the king's reaction. His rhetorical question μὴ θεὸς ἐγὼ … expects the answer 'no' — healing leprosy is a divine prerogative ('to kill and make alive', a classic OT formula for God's sole sovereignty over life). He reads the request as a Syrian casus belli (προφασίζεται), heightening the impasse Elisha will resolve.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιimpersonal verb (Hebraizing temporal frame: 'and it came to pass')→ constative aorist (narrative-framing)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): the formula καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς … renders וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר, a Hebraism setting a temporal frame for the main clause.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'when / as'; here temporal, with the aorist ἀνέγνω.
ἀνέγνωreadAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναγινώσκωverb of the temporal clause→ constative aorist (completed reading)ἀναγινώσκω: 'read / read aloud'; renders קָרָא; the king's reading triggers his reaction.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἀνέγνω→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: the king of Israel.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'king of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'king of Israel').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with βιβλίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονletterAccusativedirect object of ἀνέγνω→ object specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'letter'; it serves as direct object of ἀνέγνω.
διέρρηξενhe toreAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαρρήγνυμιmain verb (the king's gesture of distress)→ constative aoristδιαρρήγνυμι: 'tear apart / rend'; renders קָרַע; the tearing of garments is the conventional gesture of grief, alarm, or mourning (cf. v. 8); here it signals panic at an impossible demand.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἱμάτια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect object of διέρρηξεν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment / cloak'; renders בֶּגֶד; the rent clothing dramatizes the king's helplessness.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἱμάτια)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἱμάτια).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
μὴ(surely not?)interrogative negative (introducing a question expecting 'no')→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: in a rhetorical question μή expects a negative answer — 'Am I God? (Surely not!)'; renders the Hebrew interrogative הֲ with implied negation.
θεὸςGodNominativepredicate nominative (in the rhetorical question)→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the king disavows divine prerogative — only God can heal leprosy, which the OT classes with raising from death.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic — 'Am I myself God?'; the king stresses his merely human powerlessness.
τοῦto / so as toGenitivearticle governing the articular infinitives (purpose/result: 'to kill')→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ + infinitive: the articular genitive infinitive expresses the divine prerogative in view ('to kill and to make alive').
θανατῶσαιto kill / put to deathAor Act Inf · θανατόωarticular infinitive (defining the divine prerogative)→ verbal action or stateθανατόω: 'put to death / kill'; renders הֵמִית; the pair 'kill and make alive' (cf. Deut 32:39; 1 Kgdms 2:6) is a classic OT formula for God's sole sovereignty over life and death.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the infinitives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζωοποιῆσαιto make aliveAor Act Inf · ζωοποιέωarticular infinitive (parallel to θανατῶσαι)→ verbal action or stateζωοποιέω: 'make alive / give life'; renders הֶחֱיָה; the second member of the life-and-death formula; healing leprosy is implicitly equated with this divine power.
ὅτιthatconjunction (consecutive: 'that this man sends…')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: here near-consecutive — '(am I God) that this man sends to me…?'
οὗτοςthis manNominativesubject of ἀποστέλλει (the king of Syria)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this (one)'; here the king of Syria, referred to with a note of indignation.
ἀποστέλλειsendsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb of the ὅτι-clause→ progressive present (the offensive ongoing act)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; the present tense expresses the king of Israel's exasperation at the Syrian king's presumption.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
ἀποσυνάξαιto cure / gather awayAor Act Inf · ἀποσυνάγωinfinitive of purpose (with ἀποστέλλει: 'sends … to cure')→ verbal action or stateἀποσυνάγω: the chapter's keyword for healing leprosy (cf. vv. 3, 6, 11); the infinitive of purpose states the demand the king deems impossible.
ἄνδραa manAccusativedirect object of ἀποσυνάξαι→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. ἄνδρα): 'man'; here Naaman, referred to generically.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with λέπρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέπραςleprosyGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἀπό)→ relational specificationλέπρας: meaning 'leprosy'; it serves as genitive of separation (with ἀπό).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with λέπρας)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with λέπρας).
ὅτιforconjunction (introducing the king's suspicion)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the inference that follows (the suspicion of a pretext).
πλὴνonly / surelyadverb/particle (restrictive emphasis: 'only')→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'only / nevertheless / surely'; renders אַךְ; here a restrictive emphasizer reinforcing the imperative that follows.
γνῶτεknow / considerAor Act Impv 2 Pl · γινώσκωimperative (appeal to his courtiers)→ ingressive aorist imperative (perceive the situation!)γινώσκω: 'know / perceive / recognize'; the king summons his attendants to recognize the political danger.
δὴnow / I prayemphatic particle (urgency, with the imperatives)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: emphatic particle giving urgency to the imperatives ('do now consider!'); renders נָא.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining imperatives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδετεseeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωimperative (parallel to γνῶτε)→ ingressive aorist imperativeὁράω (aor. impv. ἴδετε): 'see / observe'; paired with γνῶτε — 'know and see', a hendiadys urging clear perception of the danger.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of γνῶτε/ἴδετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: introduces the object of perception — that Syria seeks a pretext.
προφασίζεταιhe is seeking a pretextPres Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · προφασίζομαιmain verb of the ὅτι-clause→ progressive present (ongoing scheming)προφασίζομαι: 'make a pretext / seek an occasion'; from πρόφασις ('pretext'); the king reads the impossible request as a deliberate Syrian provocation toward war.
οὗτόςthis manNominativesubject of προφασίζεται (the king of Syria)→ participant referenceοὗτος: again the king of Syria, the suspected schemer.
μεagainst meAccusativeaccusative of disadvantage (object of the pretext: 'against me')→ participant referencethe bare accusative με with προφασίζεται marks the king of Israel as the target of the supposed provocation.
8

καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν Ελισαιε ὅτι διέρρηξεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ισραηλ λέγων ἵνα τί διέρρηξας τὰ ἱμάτιά σου ἐλθέτω δὴ πρός με Ναιμαν καὶ γνώτω ὅτι ἔστιν προφήτης ἐν Ισραηλ

And it happened, when Elisha heard that the king of Israel had torn his garments, he sent to the king of Israel, saying, 'Why have you torn your garments? Let Naaman now come to me, and let him know that there is a prophet in Israel.'

Turn to section B: Elisha intervenes (parallel καὶ ἐγένετο frame)καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν Ελισαιε
The same καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς frame as v. 7 now pivots to Elisha, the true addressee of the crisis. His message reframes the impasse: the issue is not royal power but prophetic presence — γνώτω ὅτι ἔστιν προφήτης ἐν Ισραηλ ('let him know there is a prophet in Israel'), the theological thesis the whole episode demonstrates.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιimpersonal verb (Hebraizing temporal frame)→ constative aorist (narrative-framing)γίνομαι: καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς … again frames a temporal clause (cf. v. 7).
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσενheardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of the temporal clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; renders שָׁמַע; Elisha learns of the king's distress.
ΕλισαιεElishasubject of ἤκουσεν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִישָׁע ('God is salvation'); indeclinable in the LXX; the prophet whose Gentile-healing Jesus cites at Luke 4:27.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of ἤκουσεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: introduces the reported content of what Elisha heard.
διέρρηξενhad tornAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαρρήγνυμιverb of the ὅτι-clause→ constative aorist (reported prior act)διαρρήγνυμι: 'tear / rend'; echoes v. 7, where the king tore his garments.
theNominativearticle (with βασιλεὺς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of διέρρηξεν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: the king of Israel.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἱμάτια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect object of διέρρηξεν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment'; the rent clothing of v. 7.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownGenitivereflexive possessive (with ἱμάτια)→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: reflexive 'his own', referring back to the king as subject.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (apodosis of the καὶ ἐγένετο frame)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενhe sentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (Elisha's message)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; Elisha dispatches a message to the king.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationβασιλεύς (acc. βασιλέα): the king of Israel.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (Hebraism for לֵאמֹר)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (ptcp.): renders לֵאמֹר, introducing the message's content.
ἵναwhyinterrogative (ἵνα τί = 'for what purpose / why')→ clausal contributionἵνα τί: idiom for 'why? / to what end?'; renders לָמָּה; Elisha's rebuke that the king's panic was needless.
τί(why)Accusativeinterrogative pronoun (with ἵνα: 'why')→ participant referenceτίς/τί: interrogative; the second element of ἵνα τί.
διέρρηξαςhave you tornAor Act Indic 2 Sg · διαρρήγνυμιmain verb of the question→ constative aorist (the king's completed act)διαρρήγνυμι: 'tear / rend'; Elisha questions the king's despairing gesture directly.
τὰthe / yourAccusativearticle (with ἱμάτιά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιάgarmentsAccusativedirect object of διέρρηξας→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment'.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἱμάτιά)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἱμάτιά).
ἐλθέτωlet him comeAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιthird-person imperative (Elisha's directive)→ ingressive aorist imperative (let Naaman come)ἔρχομαι (aor. impv. ἐλθέτω): 'come'; Elisha redirects Naaman from the helpless king to himself.
δὴnow / I prayemphatic particle (with the imperative)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: gives urgency to the command; renders נָא.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Elisha)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Elisha).
ΝαιμανNaamansubject of ἐλθέτω (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐλθέτω (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώτωlet him knowAor Act Impv 3 Sg · γινώσκωthird-person imperative (purpose of the summons)→ ingressive aorist imperative (come to know)γινώσκω (aor. impv. γνώτω): 'know / recognize'; the goal of the whole episode — that Naaman come to know YHWH's prophet and, through him, YHWH himself.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of γνώτω)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίexistential verb ('there is a prophet')→ stative present (existential assertion)εἰμί (ἔστιν): the accented existential ἔστιν asserts the reality of prophetic presence in Israel.
προφήτηςprophetNominativesubject of ἔστιν→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; the thesis statement — there is genuine prophetic power in Israel, which the cure will prove to the Gentile.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙσραηλIsraeldative/locative object of ἐν (indeclinable: 'in Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; here the locus of true prophecy, contrasted with Syria's idols.
9

καὶ ἦλθεν Ναιμαν ἐν ἵππῳ καὶ ἅρματι καὶ ἔστη ἐπὶ θύρας οἴκου Ελισαιε

And Naaman came with horse and chariot and stood at the door of Elisha's house.

Narrative advance: Naaman arrives in pompκαὶ ἦλθεν Ναιμαν
Naaman arrives in military splendor (horse and chariot) and stops at the prophet's door, expecting a ceremonious reception befitting his rank. The contrast between his grand approach and Elisha's curt response by messenger (v. 10) is the engine of his offense.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (Naaman's arrival)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come / go'; renders בּוֹא; Naaman arrives at Elisha's residence.
ΝαιμανNaamansubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with horse')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here of accompaniment/means ('with horse and chariot'), a Hebraizing use of בְּ.
ἵππῳhorseDativedative of accompaniment (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceἵππος: 'horse'; renders סוּס; the warhorse marks Naaman's military rank.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅρματιchariotDativedative of accompaniment (parallel to ἵππῳ)→ sphere or referenceἅρμα: 'chariot'; renders רֶכֶב; together with the horse it signals a stately, martial arrival.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηstoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (Naaman halts at the door)→ constative aorist (intransitive: took his stand)ἵστημι (aor. ἔστη): 'stand / take one's stand'; the intransitive aorist; Naaman halts at the entrance, awaiting an audience.
ἐπὶatpreposition + genitive (position: 'at the door')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: 'at the door').
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position)→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the threshold where Naaman waits — and is left waiting.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive of relationship (with θύρας: 'door of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house / dwelling'; renders בַּיִת; Elisha's residence in Samaria.
Ελισαιεof Elishagenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'Elisha's house')→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: indeclinable; possessive genitive with οἴκου.
10

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ελισαιε ἄγγελον πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων πορευθεὶς λοῦσαι ἑπτάκις ἐν τῷ Ιορδάνῃ καὶ ἐπιστρέψει ἡ σάρξ σού σοι καὶ καθαρισθήσῃ

And Elisha sent a messenger to him, saying, 'Go and wash seven times in the Jordan, and your flesh shall return to you, and you shall be clean.'

Narrative pivot: the prophet's healing command delivered at a distanceκαὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ελισαιε ἄγγελον
Elisha does not even come out; he sends a messenger with a simple, almost menial command — wash seven times in the Jordan. The sevenfold washing and the Jordan deliberately deflate Naaman's expectation of spectacle and place the cure entirely under prophetic word, not the prophet's person. ἑπτάκις ('seven times') is the symbolic number of completeness.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (Elisha dispatches a messenger)→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; Elisha's refusal to come out in person is itself a message about where power lies.
ΕλισαιεElishasubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ἄγγελονmessengerAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationἄγγελος: 'messenger / envoy'; renders מַלְאָךְ; here a human courier (not an angel), the deliberately impersonal medium of the cure.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Naaman)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Naaman).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (Hebraism for לֵאמֹר)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (ptcp.): renders לֵאמֹר; introduces the command's content.
πορευθεὶςhaving gone / go andAor Pass(Dep) Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πορεύομαιcircumstantial participle (attendant action: 'go and wash')→ coincident/attendant-circumstance aorist participleπορεύομαι (aor. ptcp. πορευθείς): 'go / proceed'; the participle of attendant circumstance with the imperative λοῦσαι = 'go and wash', a common LXX idiom.
λοῦσαιwashAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · λούωmain imperative (the healing command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (bathe yourself!)λούω (aor. mid. impv. λοῦσαι): 'wash / bathe (oneself)'; the middle voice = bathe oneself; renders רָחַץ; the core command on which the whole cure turns.
ἑπτάκιςseven timesnumeral adverb (frequency: 'seven times')→ clausal contributionἑπτάκις: 'seven times'; renders שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים; the number seven signals completeness and ritual perfection (cf. the sevenfold sprinkling in Lev 14 for cleansing a leper).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with Ιορδάνῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνῃJordanDativedative of place (locative: 'in the Jordan')→ sphere or referenceΙορδάνης (dat. Ιορδάνῃ): the Jordan River; declined as a first-declension masculine noun (with the article), hence kind 'n' with dative case; the humble Israelite river that offends Naaman's pride in v. 12.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result: 'and your flesh shall return')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψειshall returnFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (promised result)→ predictive future (the promised cure)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return / be restored'; renders שׁוּב; the diseased flesh will be restored to health (cf. its fulfillment, v. 14).
theNominativearticle (with σάρξ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάρξfleshNominativesubject of ἐπιστρέψει→ participant prominenceσάρξ: 'flesh / skin / body'; renders בָּשָׂר; the leprous flesh that will be restored 'as the flesh of a little child' (v. 14).
σούyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with σάρξ)→ relational specificationσού: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σάρξ).
σοιto youDativedative of advantage (with ἐπιστρέψει: 'shall return to you')→ participant reference or interestσοί: dative of advantage — the flesh returns 'for you / to your benefit'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρισθήσῃyou shall be made cleanFut Pass Indic 2 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (climactic promise)→ predictive future passive (divine passive: you will be cleansed)καθαρίζω (fut. pass.): 'cleanse / purify / make clean'; renders טָהֵר; the divine passive implies God as the agent of cleansing; ritual purity from leprosy is the goal (cf. Lev 14).
11

καὶ ἐθυμώθη Ναιμαν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν καὶ εἶπεν ἰδοὺ δὴ ἔλεγον ὅτι ἐξελεύσεται πρός με καὶ στήσεται καὶ ἐπικαλέσεται ἐν ὀνόματι θεοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον καὶ ἀποσυνάξει τὸ λεπρόν

And Naaman was enraged and went away and said, 'Behold, I said to myself that he would surely come out to me and stand and call on the name of his God and lay his hand upon the place and cure the leprous part.'

Reaction: Naaman's wounded pride and his scripted expectationκαὶ ἐθυμώθη Ναιμαν
Naaman's anger is reported first (ἐθυμώθη), then explained by his quoted inner script: he had imagined a dramatic ritual — the prophet coming out, standing, invoking his God, waving his hand over the spot, removing the disease. His grievance is that the cure is too plain. The verb ἀποσυνάξει again carries the chapter's keyword for healing.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμώθηwas enragedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θυμόωmain verb (Naaman's emotional reaction)→ ingressive aorist passive (became angry)θυμόω (aor. pass.): 'be angry / become enraged'; from θυμός ('hot anger'); renders קָצַף / חָרָה; the ingressive passive marks the onset of fury at the perceived slight.
ΝαιμανNaamansubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθενwent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (departure in anger)→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away / depart'; Naaman turns away in offense (cf. v. 12 ἀπῆλθεν ἐν θυμῷ).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; here introduces Naaman's indignant self-quotation.
δὴindeed / surelyemphatic particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: emphatic; reinforces the certainty of his prior expectation.
ἔλεγονI was saying / I said to myselfImpf Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγωmain verb (reporting his inner expectation)→ iterative/durative imperfect (his settled assumption)λέγω (impf. ἔλεγον): 'I kept saying / I supposed'; the imperfect captures Naaman's standing assumption about how the cure ought to proceed.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of ἔλεγον)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιhe would come outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιverb of the ὅτι-clause (Naaman's imagined sequence)→ predictive future (in reported expectation)ἐξέρχομαι: 'come out'; Naaman expected the prophet to emerge and attend him personally — the very thing Elisha pointedly refused.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στήσεταιwould standFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιverb of the imagined sequence→ predictive futureἵστημι (fut. mid. στήσεται): 'stand / take a stand'; the imagined dramatic posture of the healer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπικαλέσεταιwould call uponFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικαλέωverb of the imagined sequence→ predictive futureἐπικαλέω (mid.): 'call upon / invoke'; renders קָרָא בְּשֵׁם; the imagined invocation of the deity's name as the operative ritual act.
ἐνon / inpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'on the name')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental: 'on the name').
ὀνόματιnameDativedative (with ἐπικαλέσεται: 'call on the name')→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; the idiom ἐπικαλεῖσθαι ἐν ὀνόματι ('call on the name') renders קָרָא בְּשֵׁם; invoking the divine name was the expected manner of a wonder-working cure.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀνόματι: 'of his God')→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; θεοῦ αὐτοῦ ('his God') — Naaman, still a pagan, conceives of YHWH as Elisha's particular national deity.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with θεοῦ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with θεοῦ).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσειwould layFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιverb of the imagined sequence→ predictive futureἐπιτίθημι: 'lay upon / place on'; the imagined hand-gesture over the diseased spot — a touch-based healing rite Naaman expected.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the imagined laying-on of the prophet's hand.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with χεῖρα)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χεῖρα).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (place: 'on the spot')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place: 'on the spot').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with τόπον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplace / spotAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationτόπος: 'place / spot'; renders מָקוֹם; the diseased area of the skin over which Naaman expected the hand to be passed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποσυνάξειwould cure / gather awayFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποσυνάγωverb of the imagined sequence (the expected cure)→ predictive futureἀποσυνάγω: the chapter's keyword for healing leprosy (cf. vv. 3, 6, 7); the climactic imagined act of removing the disease.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizing λεπρόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λεπρόνthe leprous partAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object: 'the leprous [spot]')→ object specificationλεπρός: 'leprous'; the neuter substantive τὸ λεπρόν = 'the leprous part / the diseased area'; the object of the imagined cure.
12

οὐχὶ ἀγαθὸς Αβανα καὶ Φαρφαρ ποταμοὶ Δαμασκοῦ ὑπὲρ Ιορδάνην καὶ πάντα τὰ ὕδατα Ισραηλ οὐχὶ πορευθεὶς λούσομαι ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ καθαρισθήσομαι καὶ ἐξέκλινεν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἐν θυμῷ

'Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than the Jordan and all the waters of Israel? Could I not go and wash in them and be made clean?' And he turned aside and went away in anger.

Naaman's complaint (rhetorical questions) + narrative resolution of his exitοὐχὶ ἀγαθὸς Αβανα
Naaman's second grievance is national pride: Damascus' own rivers are superior to Israel's muddy Jordan. The two rhetorical οὐχί-questions expect 'yes'. The verse closes the offense-movement with two aorists (ἐξέκλινεν, ἀπῆλθεν) and the phrase ἐν θυμῷ ('in anger'), echoing v. 11's ἐθυμώθη and setting up the servants' intervention.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
οὐχὶare not?interrogative negative (expecting 'yes')→ clausal contributionοὐχί: emphatic form of οὐ; in a rhetorical question expects an affirmative answer — 'Are not… (indeed they are)?'
ἀγαθὸςgood / betterNominativepredicate adjective (with implied 'are')→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: 'good'; here in implicit comparison ('better than', with ὑπέρ); renders טוֹב; Naaman ranks Damascus' rivers above Israel's.
ΑβαναAbanasubject (indeclinable river-name)→ participant identificationΑβανα: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבָנָה, a river of Damascus (probably the modern Barada); indeclinable proper noun.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦαρφαρPharparsubject (indeclinable river-name, parallel to Αβανα)→ participant identificationΦαρφαρ: transliteration of Hebrew פַּרְפַּר, a second river of Damascus; indeclinable proper noun.
ποταμοὶriversNominativenominative in apposition to Αβανα and Φαρφαρ→ participant prominenceποταμός: 'river'; renders נָהָר; the two named rivers of the Syrian capital.
Δαμασκοῦof DamascusGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ποταμοί: 'rivers of Damascus')→ relational specificationΔαμασκός (gen. Δαμασκοῦ): Damascus, the Syrian capital; declined as a second-declension noun, hence kind 'n' with genitive case; Naaman's home city.
ὑπὲρabove / better thanpreposition + accusative (comparison: 'better than')→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + acc.: 'above / beyond / more than'; the comparative idiom (ἀγαθὸς ὑπέρ = 'better than'), a Hebraism rendering טוֹב מִן.
Ιορδάνηνthe JordanAccusativeaccusative object of ὑπέρ (term of comparison)→ object specificationΙορδάνης (acc. Ιορδάνην): the Jordan; declined, hence kind 'n' with accusative case; the object of Naaman's disdain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὕδατα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; neuter plural with ὕδατα.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὕδατα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδαταwatersAccusativeaccusative (coordinate with Ιορδάνην under ὑπέρ)→ object specificationὕδωρ (pl. ὕδατα): 'water'; renders מַיִם; 'all the waters of Israel' dismissed wholesale in favor of Damascus' rivers.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'waters of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'waters of Israel').
οὐχὶcould I not?interrogative negative (second rhetorical question)→ clausal contributionοὐχί: introduces Naaman's second indignant question — 'Could I not just as well wash in them?'
πορευθεὶςhaving gone / go andAor Pass(Dep) Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πορεύομαιcircumstantial participle (attendant action with λούσομαι)→ attendant-circumstance aorist participleπορεύομαι (aor. ptcp.): 'go'; the attendant-circumstance participle 'go and wash' (cf. v. 10), here turned ironically against Elisha's command.
λούσομαιI will washFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · λούωmain verb of the rhetorical question→ deliberative/predictive future ('could I not wash?')λούω (fut. mid. λούσομαι): 'wash / bathe myself'; Naaman protests he could bathe in the superior rivers of his homeland.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (the Damascus rivers)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐν (the Damascus rivers).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρισθήσομαιbe made cleanFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (parallel to λούσομαι)→ predictive future passiveκαθαρίζω (fut. pass.): 'be cleansed'; Naaman echoes Elisha's promised καθαρισθήσῃ (v. 10) sarcastically — as if any water would do.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming narration after the speech)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινενturned asideAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκκλίνωmain verb (Naaman turns away)→ constative aoristἐκκλίνω: 'turn aside / turn away'; renders סוּר / פָּנָה; Naaman wheels his chariot about to leave.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθενwent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (departure)→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away / depart'; Naaman storms off, the cure apparently forfeited.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner: 'in anger')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner: 'in anger').
θυμῷanger / wrathDativedative of manner (with ἐν: 'in anger')→ sphere or referenceθυμός: 'anger / rage'; renders חֵמָה; ἐν θυμῷ ('in anger') closes the offense-movement, echoing ἐθυμώθη (v. 11).
13

καὶ ἤγγισαν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλάλησαν πρὸς αὐτόν μέγαν λόγον ἐλάλησεν ὁ προφήτης πρὸς σέ οὐχὶ ποιήσεις καὶ ὅτι εἶπεν πρὸς σέ λοῦσαι καὶ καθαρίσθητι

And his servants drew near and spoke to him, 'If the prophet had spoken to you a great thing, would you not have done it? How much more, then, when he has said to you, "Wash and be clean"?'

Counsel of the servants: the a fortiori argument that breaks the impasseκαὶ ἤγγισαν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ
Naaman's servants reason a fortiori: if a hard command would have been obeyed, how much more an easy one. Their wisdom — like the captive girl's earlier — comes from the lowly. The argument turns on the contrast between μέγαν λόγον ('a great/difficult word') and the disarmingly simple λοῦσαι καὶ καθαρίσθητι ('wash and be clean').
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγγισανdrew nearAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐγγίζωmain verb (the servants approach)→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: 'draw near / approach'; renders נָגַשׁ; the servants venture to counsel their enraged master.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with παῖδες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantsNominativesubject of ἤγγισαν→ participant prominenceπαῖς: 'servant / attendant / child'; renders עֶבֶד; Naaman's personal attendants, who like the captive girl (v. 2) are the source of saving counsel.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with παῖδες)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with παῖδες).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησανspokeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαλέωmain verb (the servants' address)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; introduces their reasoned plea.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Naaman)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Naaman).
μέγανgreat / difficultAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λόγον; protasis of the implied condition)→ object specificationμέγας: 'great / large / difficult'; here a 'great word' = a demanding command; the servants set up an a fortiori contrast with the simple washing.
λόγονword / commandAccusativedirect object of ἐλάλησεν (within the hypothetical: 'a great word')→ object specificationλόγος: 'word / matter / command'; renders דָּבָר; the hypothetical 'difficult thing' the prophet might have demanded.
ἐλάλησενhad spokenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the implied protasis ('if the prophet had spoken')→ constative aorist (in a real/past-conditional sense)λαλέω: here the protasis of an unexpressed condition — 'had the prophet enjoined a hard thing…'.
theNominativearticle (with προφήτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: Elisha, referred to by office; the servants grant his authority even as Naaman resists it.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
οὐχὶwould you not?interrogative negative (apodosis, expecting 'yes')→ clausal contributionοὐχί: 'would you not (surely) do it?'; the apodosis of the a fortiori argument.
ποιήσειςwould you doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of the apodosis→ deliberative/predictive future ('surely you would do it')ποιέω: 'do / make'; the servants argue that a difficult command would certainly have been obeyed.
καὶand / how much moreconjunction (a fortiori transition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here introduces the a fortiori conclusion ('and [how much more] when…'), the rhetorical pivot of the plea.
ὅτιthat / whenconjunction (causal/temporal: 'seeing that he said')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that / seeing that'; introduces the lesser, easier command actually given.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces the prophet's actual, simple command.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός.
λοῦσαιwashAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · λούωimperative (quoting Elisha's command)→ ingressive aorist imperativeλούω (aor. mid. impv. λοῦσαι): 'wash yourself'; the servants quote back the disarmingly simple command of v. 10.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρίσθητιbe cleanAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · καθαρίζωimperative (quoting Elisha's promise as command)→ ingressive aorist passive imperative (be cleansed!)καθαρίζω (aor. pass. impv.): 'be cleansed'; the passive imperative frames the cleansing as something to be received — the easy obedience the servants commend.
14

καὶ κατέβη Ναιμαν καὶ ἐβαπτίσατο ἐν τῷ Ιορδάνῃ ἑπτάκι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Ελισαιε καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ ὡς σὰρξ παιδαρίου μικροῦ καὶ ἐκαθαρίσθη

And Naaman went down and dipped himself in the Jordan seven times, according to the word of Elisha, and his flesh returned like the flesh of a little child, and he was made clean.

Climax of section B: obedience and cure (the promise fulfilled)καὶ κατέβη Ναιμαν
The cluster of obedient aorists (κατέβη, ἐβαπτίσατο) executes precisely what Elisha commanded — κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Ελισαιε ('according to the word of Elisha') — and the promised result follows exactly (ἐπέστρεψεν ἡ σάρξ … ἐκαθαρίσθη, cf. v. 10). The simile ὡς σὰρξ παιδαρίου μικροῦ ('like the flesh of a little child') signals total restoration and new beginning; ἐβαπτίσατο has long resonated in Christian reading of baptismal cleansing.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηwent downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (descent to the river)→ constative aorist (obedient act)καταβαίνω: 'go down / descend'; renders יָרַד; Naaman descends to the Jordan — his anger overcome, he obeys.
ΝαιμανNaamansubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβαπτίσατοdipped himselfAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · βαπτίζωmain verb (the act of washing)→ constative aorist (completed immersion)βαπτίζω (aor. mid.): 'dip / immerse / plunge'; renders טָבַל; the middle = 'dipped himself'; this LXX use of βαπτίζω for cleansing immersion has been read typologically in the Christian baptismal tradition.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with Ιορδάνῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνῃJordanDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceΙορδάνης (dat. Ιορδάνῃ): the Jordan; declined, kind 'n' with dative case; the once-despised river now becomes the place of healing.
ἑπτάκιseven timesnumeral adverb (frequency)→ clausal contributionἑπτάκι(ς): 'seven times'; renders שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים; Naaman performs the full sevenfold immersion exactly as commanded (v. 10).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; marks conformity to the prophetic word.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / commandAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / utterance / command'; renders דָּבָר; κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Ελισαιε stresses that the cure follows exact obedience to the prophet's word.
Ελισαιεof Elishagenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'word of Elisha')→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: indeclinable; possessive genitive with ῥῆμα.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (the cure realized)→ constative aorist (the promised restoration accomplished)ἐπιστρέφω: 'return / be restored'; fulfills the promise of v. 10 (ἐπιστρέψει ἡ σάρξ); the leprous flesh is restored.
theNominativearticle (with σὰρξ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὰρξfleshNominativesubject of ἐπέστρεψεν→ participant prominenceσάρξ: 'flesh / skin'; the restored skin, made new.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with σὰρξ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σὰρξ).
ὡςlike / ascomparative particle (introducing the simile)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'like / as'; introduces the simile of restored, childlike flesh.
σὰρξfleshNominativenominative of comparison (with ὡς)→ participant prominenceσάρξ: the comparison-term — Naaman's renewed skin is like a child's.
παιδαρίουof a little childGenitivegenitive of possession (with σὰρξ: 'flesh of a child')→ relational specificationπαιδάριον: 'little child / young boy'; diminutive of παῖς; renders נַעַר; the image of childlike flesh signals complete renewal and a new beginning.
μικροῦlittle / smallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying παιδαρίου)→ relational specificationμικρός: 'small / little / young'; intensifies the image of fresh, infantile skin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαθαρίσθηhe was made cleanAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (climactic statement of the cure)→ constative aorist passive (divine passive: he was cleansed)καθαρίζω (aor. pass.): 'be cleansed / made clean'; the divine passive seals the cure, fulfilling Elisha's καθαρισθήσῃ (v. 10); it is precisely this cleansing of a Gentile that Jesus highlights at Luke 4:27.
15

καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν πρὸς Ελισαιε αὐτὸς καὶ πᾶσα ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἦλθεν καὶ ἔστη καὶ εἶπεν ἰδοὺ δὴ ἔγνωκα ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ὅτι ἀλλ᾿ ἢ ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ νῦν λαβὲ τὴν εὐλογίαν παρὰ τοῦ δούλου σου

And he returned to Elisha, he and all his retinue, and came and stood and said, 'Behold now, I know that there is no God in all the earth except in Israel; and now take a blessing-gift from your servant.'

Turn to section C: Naaman's return and confession (theological summit)καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν πρὸς Ελισαιε
The healed Gentile returns — now standing before the prophet he had spurned — and makes the confession that crowns the episode: οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ὅτι ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ ('there is no God in all the earth except in Israel'). This monotheistic confession from a pagan commander is the theological climax that grounds Jesus' citation at Luke 4:27. He now calls himself ὁ δοῦλός σου ('your servant'), a reversal of his earlier pride.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (Naaman's return to the prophet)→ constative aoristἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the same verb that described his flesh's restoration (v. 14) now describes his bodily and spiritual turning back to the prophet — a hint of 'conversion'.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
ΕλισαιεElishaaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (subject: 'he himself')→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'himself'; emphasizes that Naaman personally returned, with his whole company.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying παρεμβολή)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the entire retinue accompanies him.
theNominativearticle (with παρεμβολὴ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴretinue / company / campNominativesubject (coordinate with αὐτός)→ participant prominenceπαρεμβολή: 'encampment / army / company'; renders מַחֲנֶה; here Naaman's military escort, witnesses to his confession.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with παρεμβολή)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with παρεμβολή).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; Naaman approaches the prophet directly this time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηstoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (intransitive: took his stand before Elisha)→ constative aoristἵστημι (aor. ἔστη): 'stand'; Naaman stands before the prophet — now in humble petition, not proud demand.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; introduces the climactic confession.
δὴnow / indeedemphatic particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: emphatic; underscores the certainty of his new knowledge.
ἔγνωκαI know / I have come to knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (the confession)→ resultative perfect (settled, present knowledge resulting from the cure)γινώσκω (pf. ἔγνωκα): 'know / have come to know'; the perfect denotes a now-settled conviction — the cure has produced lasting knowledge of YHWH's uniqueness; this fulfills Elisha's purpose γνώτω (v. 8).
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of ἔγνωκα)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔστιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίexistential verb ('there is no God')→ stative present (existential denial)εἰμί (ἔστιν): existential; οὐκ ἔστιν θεός ('there is no God') is a monotheistic confession on the lips of a Gentile.
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of ἔστιν→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the confession that the true God is found only in Israel — the theological heart of the episode and the basis of Luke 4:27.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective (modifying γῇ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'in all the earth' universalizes the denial — nowhere else is there a true God.
τῇtheDativearticle (with γῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇearth / landDativedative of place (locative: 'in all the earth')→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'earth / land'; the whole world is in view, against which Israel's God stands alone.
ὅτιbut / exceptconjunction (with ἀλλ᾿ ἢ: 'except')→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι ἀλλ᾿ ἢ: a Hebraizing compound restrictive ('except / but only'), rendering כִּי אִם; the redundancy is characteristic of the kaige translator.
ἀλλ᾿butadversative particle (with ἢ: 'except')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά (elided ἀλλ᾿): 'but'; part of the ἀλλ᾿ ἢ restrictive idiom ('but only / except').
than / exceptparticle (with ἀλλ᾿: forming the exceptive 'except')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'than / or'; with ἀλλά forms the exceptive idiom 'except'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with Ισραηλ, here treating the name as articular)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldative/locative object of ἐν (indeclinable: 'in Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (here with the article τῷ); the sole locus of the true God, per Naaman's confession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (transition to the gift-offer)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (transition: 'and now')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν marks the move to the practical request — the offer of a gift.
λαβὲtake / acceptAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωimperative (Naaman's offer to Elisha)→ ingressive aorist imperative (please accept)λαμβάνω (aor. impv. λαβέ): 'take / receive'; Naaman urges the prophet to accept a thank-offering, which Elisha will refuse (v. 16).
τὴνthe / aAccusativearticle (with εὐλογίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίανblessing / giftAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationεὐλογία: 'blessing'; here in the concrete sense of a 'blessing-gift / present', rendering בְּרָכָה (used of a gift, cf. Gen 33:11; 1 Kgdms 25:27).
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦthe / yourGenitivearticle (with δούλου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantGenitivegenitive of source (with παρά: 'from your servant')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; Naaman, once a 'great man', now humbly styles himself 'your servant' before the prophet — a striking reversal of status.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δούλου)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δούλου).
16

καὶ εἶπεν Ελισαιε ζῇ κύριος ᾧ παρέστην ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ εἰ λήμψομαι καὶ παρεβιάσατο αὐτὸν λαβεῖν καὶ ἠπείθησεν

And Elisha said, 'As the LORD lives, before whom I stand, I will not take it.' And he urged him to take it, but he refused.

Elisha's oath-refusal of paymentκαὶ εἶπεν Ελισαιε
Elisha refuses the gift with a solemn oath (ζῇ κύριος, 'as the LORD lives'), making clear the cure is the free gift of YHWH, not a transaction — a point Gehazi will fatally ignore (vv. 20–27). The conditional εἰ λήμψομαι is a Hebraizing oath-formula: 'as the LORD lives… if I take it!' = an emphatic 'I will certainly not take it.'
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΕλισαιεElishasubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb of the oath-formula ('as the LORD lives')→ gnomic/affirmative present (oath-formula)ζάω (ζῇ): 'live'; ζῇ κύριος ('as the LORD lives') renders חַי יהוה, the standard OT oath-formula invoking the living God as guarantor of the speaker's word.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ζῇ (the divine name in the oath)→ participant prominenceκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton יהוה — the living God by whom Elisha swears; the prophet's refusal grounds the cure in YHWH's free grace.
before whomDativerelative pronoun (dative with παρέστην: 'whom I serve')→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. ᾧ): relative pronoun; with παρέστην ('whose servant I am / before whom I stand').
παρέστηνI stand / I serveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · παρίστημιverb of the relative clause→ constative/perfective aorist (settled standing in service)παρίστημι (aor. παρέστην): 'stand beside / attend / serve'; the idiom 'before whom I stand' (cf. 3 Kgdms 17:1) denotes prophetic service — Elisha is YHWH's attendant, hence bound to his integrity.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (redundant with ᾧ, Hebraizing)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before'; the resumptive ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ('before him') after the relative ᾧ is a Hebraism (resumptive pronoun), rendering אֲשֶׁר עָמַדְתִּי לְפָנָיו.
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveresumptive pronoun (with ἐνώπιον; Hebraism)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as resumptive pronoun (with ἐνώπιον; Hebraism).
εἰ(surely not)particle of the oath-apodosis (Hebraizing 'if' = emphatic negation)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: in an oath the conditional εἰ renders Hebrew אִם ('if'), which in oaths functions as an emphatic negative — 'if I take it (may God do so to me)…' = 'I will certainly NOT take it.'
λήμψομαιI will takeFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb of the oath (apodosis: emphatic refusal)→ emphatic-negative future (oath: 'I will surely not take')λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψομαι): 'take / receive'; with the oath-εἰ it constitutes an emphatic vow not to accept the gift.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεβιάσατοhe urged / pressedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · παραβιάζομαιmain verb (Naaman presses the gift)→ conative/constative aorist (insistent urging)παραβιάζομαι: 'press / urge strongly / compel'; renders פָּצַר; Naaman insists, but cannot overcome the prophet's resolve (cf. the same verb at Gen 19:3; Luke 24:29).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of παρεβιάσατο (Elisha)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of παρεβιάσατο (Elisha).
λαβεῖνto takeAor Act Inf · λαμβάνωcomplementary infinitive (with παρεβιάσατο)→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω (aor. inf. λαβεῖν): 'to take'; the object of Naaman's urging — that Elisha accept the gift.
καὶbut / andcoordinate conjunction (adversative in force)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠπείθησενhe refusedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπειθέωmain verb (Elisha's refusal)→ constative aoristἀπειθέω: 'refuse / be unpersuaded / disobey'; here 'declined / would not be moved'; Elisha holds firm, keeping the cure free of any payment.
17

καὶ εἶπεν Ναιμαν καὶ εἰ μή δοθήτω δὴ τῷ δούλῳ σου γόμος ζεύγους ἡμιόνων καὶ σύ μοι δώσεις ἐκ τῆς γῆς τῆς πυρρᾶς ὅτι οὐ ποιήσει ἔτι ὁ δοῦλός σου ὁλοκαύτωμα καὶ θυσίασμα θεοῖς ἑτέροις ἀλλ᾿ ἢ τῷ κυρίῳ μόνῳ

And Naaman said, 'If not, then let there be given to your servant a mule-team's load of the red earth; for your servant will no longer make whole burnt offering and sacrifice to other gods, but only to the LORD.'

Naaman's counter-request: earth for an altar to YHWH aloneκαὶ εἶπεν Ναιμαν
Refused the chance to give, Naaman asks to take — two mules' load of Israelite soil, on which to build an altar for exclusive worship of YHWH. His vow ὁ δοῦλός σου … ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τῷ κυρίῳ μόνῳ ('your servant… but only to the LORD') makes his confession (v. 15) practical: henceforth he will sacrifice to no other god. Here κυρίῳ is the Tetragrammaton, the sole legitimate recipient of his worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΝαιμανNaamansubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
καὶand / thenconjunction (with εἰ μή: 'and if not')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifconditional particle (with μή: 'if not')→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ μή: 'if not / otherwise'; Naaman accepts the refusal and turns to an alternative request.
μήnotnegative particle (with εἰ)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοθήτωlet there be givenAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · δίδωμιthird-person imperative (Naaman's request)→ ingressive aorist passive imperative (let it be granted)δίδωμι (aor. pass. impv. δοθήτω): 'let it be given'; the passive imperative frames a polite request — that he be granted some Israelite soil.
δὴI pray / nowemphatic particle (politeness/urgency)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: 'now / I pray'; renders נָא; softens the request to an entreaty.
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with δούλῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῳservantDativedative of advantage (recipient: 'to your servant')→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Naaman again styles himself 'your servant', the humble self-designation he keeps throughout this exchange.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δούλῳ)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δούλῳ).
γόμοςload / burdenNominativesubject of δοθήτω ('a load … be given')→ participant prominenceγόμος: 'load / cargo / freight'; renders מַשָּׂא; the quantity of earth Naaman requests — as much as a pair of mules can carry.
ζεύγουςof a team / yokeGenitivegenitive of measure (with γόμος: 'a team's load')→ relational specificationζεῦγος: 'yoke / pair / team'; renders צֶמֶד; here a yoked pair (of mules).
ἡμιόνωνof mulesGenitivegenitive (defining ζεύγους: 'a team of mules')→ relational specificationἡμίονος: 'mule' (lit. 'half-ass'); renders פֶּרֶד; the load Naaman wants is what two mules can bear — Israelite soil for a YHWH-altar in Syria.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σύyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you' — Naaman appeals directly to Elisha to grant the soil.
μοιto meDativedative of advantage (indirect object of δώσεις)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (indirect object of δώσεις).
δώσειςyou shall giveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (request framed as future)→ imperatival/predictive future (please give)δίδωμι (fut. δώσεις): 'give'; the future used as a polite request that Elisha grant the earth.
ἐκfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'some of the earth')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'some of the earth').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearth / soilGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἐκ: 'some of the earth')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth / soil'; the holy ground of Israel, on which Naaman intends to worship YHWH even in Syria — reflecting the ancient notion that a god was rightly worshiped on his own land's soil.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with πυρρᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρρᾶςredGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying γῆς: 'the red earth')→ relational specificationπυρρός: 'red / fiery-colored'; describes the reddish soil of the land; the LXX specifies the color of the earth Naaman requests.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (ground of the request)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the reason — Naaman's new exclusive devotion to YHWH.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσει)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειwill make / offerFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of the causal clause (Naaman's vow)→ predictive future (resolution for the future)ποιέω: 'make / do / offer (sacrifice)'; here of offering sacrifice; Naaman vows he will never again sacrifice to any god but YHWH.
ἔτιany longer / stilltemporal adverb (with negation: 'no longer')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet'; with οὐ = 'no longer'; marks the decisive break with his former idolatry.
the / yourNominativearticle (with δοῦλός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόςservantNominativesubject of ποιήσει→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Naaman speaks of himself in the third person ('your servant'), the deferential courtly idiom.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δοῦλός)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δοῦλός).
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringAccusativedirect object of ποιήσει→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; from ὅλος ('whole') + καίω ('burn'); renders עֹלָה; the sacrifice wholly consumed by fire — the chief Israelite offering Naaman now vows to give only to YHWH.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσίασμαsacrificeAccusativedirect object (coordinate with ὁλοκαύτωμα)→ object specificationθυσίασμα: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; a slain sacrifice, paired with the burnt offering to denote sacrificial worship generally.
θεοῖςto godsDativedative of recipient (with the negated verb: 'to [other] gods')→ sphere or referenceθεός (dat. pl. θεοῖς): 'gods'; here the pagan deities Naaman renounces.
ἑτέροιςotherDativeattributive adjective (modifying θεοῖς: 'other gods')→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: 'other / another'; θεοῖς ἑτέροις ('other gods') renders אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים, the standard Deuteronomic phrase for the forbidden deities (cf. Exod 20:3; Deut 5:7).
ἀλλ᾿butadversative particle (with ἢ: 'but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά (elided): part of the ἀλλ᾿ ἢ exceptive idiom ('but only').
than / exceptparticle (with ἀλλ᾿: exceptive 'except / but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: with ἀλλά forms 'but only', restricting Naaman's worship to YHWH alone.
τῷtheDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDDativedative of recipient (exclusive: 'to the LORD only')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton יהוה — the sole God to whom Naaman will henceforth sacrifice; the exclusive μόνῳ makes this a monotheistic vow.
μόνῳonly / aloneDativeattributive adjective (modifying κυρίῳ: 'to the LORD alone')→ sphere or referenceμόνος: 'alone / only'; τῷ κυρίῳ μόνῳ ('to the LORD alone') seals Naaman's exclusive devotion to YHWH.
18

καὶ ἱλάσεται κύριος τῷ δούλῳ σου ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαι τὸν κύριόν μου εἰς οἶκον Ρεμμαν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπαναπαύσεται ἐπὶ τῆς χειρός μου καὶ προσκυνήσω ἐν οἴκῳ Ρεμμαν ἐν τῷ προσκυνεῖν αὐτὸν ἐν οἴκῳ Ρεμμαν καὶ ἱλάσεται δὴ κύριος τῷ δούλῳ σου ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ

'In this matter may the LORD be merciful to your servant: when my master goes into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leans on my hand, and I bow down in the house of Rimmon — when he bows down in the house of Rimmon, may the LORD be merciful to your servant in this matter.'

Naaman's plea for pardon over enforced Rimmon-attendanceκαὶ ἱλάσεται κύριος τῷ δούλῳ σου
Naaman anticipates a conflict between his new exclusive devotion and his official duty: he must accompany his king into the temple of Rimmon (the Syrian storm-god Hadad-Ramman) and bow when the king, leaning on his arm, bows. He twice prays ἱλάσεται κύριος ('may the LORD pardon') for this outward, involuntary act. Here κύριος is YHWH (the one he asks to forgive), while τὸν κύριόν μου ('my master') is the human king of Syria.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱλάσεταιmay he be merciful / pardonFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἱλάσκομαιmain verb (precative/optative-force future: 'may the LORD pardon')→ precative future (a wish: may YHWH forgive)ἱλάσκομαι: 'be merciful / make atonement / forgive'; renders סָלַח; the future here has precative force ('may the LORD pardon'); Naaman seeks divine indulgence for an unavoidable cultic act.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἱλάσεται (the divine name)→ participant prominenceκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton יהוה — the God whose pardon Naaman seeks; distinct from τὸν κύριόν μου (the human king) later in the verse.
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with δούλῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῳservantDativedative (object of ἱλάσεται: 'be merciful to your servant')→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Naaman, the petitioner.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δούλῳ)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δούλῳ).
ἐνin / whenpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when … goes')→ spatial or relational framingἐν τῷ + infinitive: temporal construction ('when / while'), a frequent LXX rendering of בְּ + infinitive construct.
τῷtheDativearticle (governing the infinitive εἰσπορεύεσθαι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορεύεσθαιto go in / enteringPres Mid/Pass Inf · εἰσπορεύομαιarticular infinitive (temporal clause: 'when my master enters')→ verbal action or stateεἰσπορεύομαι: 'go in / enter'; the temporal articular infinitive describes the recurring occasion of the king's temple-visits.
τὸνthe / myAccusativearticle (with κύριόν; accusative subject of the infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόνlord / masterAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive εἰσπορεύεσθαι→ object specificationκύριος: here a HUMAN master — 'my lord' = the king of Syria, whom Naaman attends; marked human by μου and the temple-attendance context, not the Tetragrammaton.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with κύριόν)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κύριόν).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / temple'; οἶκος Ρεμμαν = 'the house (temple) of Rimmon'; renders בֵּית רִמּוֹן.
ΡεμμανRimmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'house of Rimmon')→ participant identificationΡεμμαν: transliteration of Hebrew רִמּוֹן (Rimmon), the Syrian storm-god (Hadad-Ramman) worshiped at Damascus; indeclinable proper noun.
προσκυνῆσαιto worship / bow downAor Act Inf · προσκυνέωinfinitive of purpose (with εἰσπορεύεσθαι: 'goes in to worship')→ purpose infinitiveπροσκυνέω: 'do obeisance / bow down / worship'; renders הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה; the purpose of the king's temple-entry.
αὐτὸν(he) / itAccusativeaccusative subject of προσκυνῆσαι (the king worshiping)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: refers to the king as the one bowing in worship (or, the deity as object); here the subject-accusative of the infinitive — the king bows.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαναπαύσεταιhe leans / restsFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπαναπαύομαιmain verb (the king leans on Naaman's arm)→ customary future (the recurring posture of state ceremony)ἐπαναπαύομαι: 'lean upon / rest on'; renders נִשְׁעַן; the king, leaning on his trusted commander's arm, compels Naaman to bow with him (cf. 4 Kgdms 7:2, 17).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (support: 'on my hand')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (support: 'on my hand').
τῆςthe / myGenitivearticle (with χειρός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρόςhand / armGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the support)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand / arm'; the king leans on Naaman's arm — a sign of Naaman's trusted office and the cause of his unavoidable bowing.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with χειρός)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χειρός).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσωI shall bow downFut Act Indic 1 Sg · προσκυνέωmain verb (Naaman's enforced obeisance)→ predictive future (the unavoidable act he foresees)προσκυνέω: 'bow down / do obeisance'; Naaman foresees that he too will physically bow when his king does — an external act for which he seeks pardon.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἴκῳhouse / templeDativedative of place (locative: 'in the house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; the temple of Rimmon.
ΡεμμανRimmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'house of Rimmon')→ participant identificationΡεμμαν: indeclinable; the repetition (three times in the verse) underscores Naaman's anxiety over this single point of compromise.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when he bows')→ spatial or relational framingἐν τῷ + infinitive: temporal ('when he worships').
τῷtheDativearticle (governing προσκυνεῖν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσκυνεῖνto bow / worshipPres Act Inf · προσκυνέωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he bows')→ verbal action or stateπροσκυνέω: the temporal articular infinitive specifies the king's act of bowing as the occasion of Naaman's compelled obeisance.
αὐτὸνhe / himAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive προσκυνεῖν (the king)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: subject-accusative of the infinitive — 'when he (the king) bows'.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἴκῳhouse / templeDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / temple'; again the temple of Rimmon.
ΡεμμανRimmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡεμμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (resuming the petition)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱλάσεταιmay he be merciful / pardonFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἱλάσκομαιmain verb (precative repetition of the plea)→ precative future (renewed wish for pardon)ἱλάσκομαι: 'pardon / be merciful'; the petition is repeated for emphasis — Naaman is acutely conscious of the tension between confession and duty.
δὴI pray / nowemphatic particle (entreaty)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: 'I pray'; renders נָא; intensifies the plea.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἱλάσεται (the divine name)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the God whose pardon is sought.
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with δούλῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῳservantDativedative (object of ἱλάσεται)→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Naaman.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δούλῳ)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δούλῳ).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (respect: 'in this matter')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (respect: 'in this matter').
τῷthe / thisDativearticle (with λόγῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγῳmatter / thingDativedative of respect (with ἐν: 'in this matter')→ sphere or referenceλόγος: 'word / matter / thing'; ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ ('in this matter') refers specifically to the Rimmon-bowing for which Naaman seeks pardon.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying λόγῳ)→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: 'this'; specifies the precise matter of the requested pardon.
19

καὶ εἶπεν Ελισαιε πρὸς Ναιμαν δεῦρο εἰς εἰρήνην καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ εἰς δεβραθα τῆς γῆς

And Elisha said to Naaman, 'Go in peace.' And he departed from him a stretch of land.

Closure of section C: Elisha's dismissal in peaceκαὶ εἶπεν Ελισαιε πρὸς Ναιμαν
Elisha neither answers Naaman's Rimmon-question casuistically nor condemns him; he simply blesses his departure — δεῦρο εἰς εἰρήνην ('go in peace'), the formula of approving release. The healed and converted Gentile leaves reconciled. The closing phrase εἰς δεβραθα τῆς γῆς is textually obscure (a transliterated kibrath-eretz, 'a stretch of land / some distance'), marking the start of his homeward journey — and the seam before the Gehazi episode.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΕλισαιεElishasubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
ΝαιμανNaamanaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (indeclinable).
δεῦροgo / comeadverb/interjection of dismissal (imperatival)→ clausal contributionδεῦρο: 'come! / go!'; here in the dismissal-formula δεῦρο εἰς εἰρήνην ('go in peace'), a blessing on the departing Naaman.
εἰςinto / inpreposition + accusative (goal/condition: 'in peace')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal/condition: 'in peace').
εἰρήνηνpeaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the dismissal-formula)→ object specificationεἰρήνη: 'peace / well-being'; renders שָׁלוֹם; (πορεύου/δεῦρο) εἰς εἰρήνην ('go in peace', לֵךְ לְשָׁלוֹם) is the formula of blessed, approving dismissal.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθενhe departedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (Naaman's departure)→ constative aoristἀπέρχομαι: 'go away / depart'; Naaman sets out for home, healed and reconciled.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (separation, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (elided ἀπ᾿): 'from'; marks separation from Elisha.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (Elisha)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπ᾿ (Elisha).
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (measure of distance)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (measure of distance).
δεβραθαa stretch (of land)accusative of extent (transliterated, indeclinable)→ clausal contributionδεβραθα: an untranslated transliteration of Hebrew כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ (kibrath-eretz), 'a stretch / measure of land' (some distance); the kaige translator left the obscure measure-term untranslated, hence treated as indeclinable.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive (with δεβραθα: 'a stretch of land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; completes the measure-of-distance phrase ('a tract of land' = some way off).
20

καὶ εἶπεν Γιεζι τὸ παιδάριον Ελισαιε ἰδοὺ ἐφείσατο ὁ κύριός μου τοῦ Ναιμαν τοῦ Σύρου τούτου τοῦ μὴ λαβεῖν ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ἃ ἐνήνοχεν ζῇ κύριος ὅτι εἰ μὴ δραμοῦμαι ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ καὶ λήμψομαι παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ τι

And Gehazi, the servant of Elisha, said, 'Behold, my master has spared this Naaman the Syrian, not taking from his hand what he brought. As the LORD lives, I will run after him and take something from him.'

Turn to section D: Gehazi's covetous resolve (the counter-movement begins)καὶ εἶπεν Γιεζι τὸ παιδάριον Ελισαιε
The episode now inverts: where Naaman's pride yielded to grace, Elisha's own servant yields to greed. Gehazi mentally faults his master's refusal (ἐφείσατο … τοῦ μὴ λαβεῖν) and, with a blasphemous misuse of the very oath-formula Elisha used in v. 16 (ζῇ κύριος), resolves to extract payment. His ὁ κύριός μου ('my master') is the human Elisha.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΓιεζιGehazisubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓιεζι: transliteration of Hebrew גֵּחֲזִי (Gehazi), Elisha's servant; indeclinable; the greedy foil whose leprosy ends the chapter.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with παιδάριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδάριονservant / attendantNominativenominative in apposition to Γιεζι→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'young servant / attendant'; diminutive of παῖς; renders נַעַר; designates Gehazi's role as Elisha's personal attendant.
Ελισαιεof Elishagenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'servant of Elisha')→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: indeclinable; the master whose name Gehazi shames.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; introduces Gehazi's resentful reflection.
ἐφείσατοspared / held back fromAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · φείδομαιmain verb (Gehazi's complaint about Elisha)→ constative aoristφείδομαι: 'spare / refrain / forbear'; here 'let off / went easy on' — Gehazi faults his master for sparing the Syrian by refusing payment.
the / myNominativearticle (with κύριός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςmasterNominativesubject of ἐφείσατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: here a HUMAN master — 'my master' = Elisha, as Gehazi the servant refers to him; marked human by μου and the servant-master relation, not the Tetragrammaton.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with κύριός)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κύριός).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ναιμαν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαιμανNaamangenitive object of ἐφείσατο (with the article τοῦ; 'spared Naaman')→ noun-phrase markingΝαιμαν: indeclinable; here governed by φείδομαι (which takes the genitive), with the article τοῦ.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Σύρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Σύρουthe SyrianGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ναιμαν→ relational specificationΣύρος (gen. Σύρου): 'a Syrian / the Syrian'; the gentilic noun, declinable, hence kind 'n' with genitive case; 'Naaman the Syrian' — the very phrase echoed at Luke 4:27 (Ναιμαν ὁ Σύρος).
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (with Σύρου: 'this Syrian')→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; Gehazi's dismissive 'this Syrian', betraying ethnic contempt and covetous calculation.
τοῦby / so asGenitivearticle governing the articular infinitive (epexegetic: 'in not taking')→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ + infinitive: epexegetic articular infinitive explaining how Elisha 'spared' Naaman — namely by not taking the gift.
μὴnotnegative particle (with the infinitive λαβεῖν)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβεῖνto takeAor Act Inf · λαμβάνωarticular infinitive (epexegetic: 'in not taking')→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω (aor. inf.): 'take / receive'; τοῦ μὴ λαβεῖν explains Elisha's sparing — he declined to take the gift.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from his hand')→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ('from his hand') = from Naaman's possession.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with χειρὸς)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χειρὸς).
what / the things whichAccusativerelative pronoun (direct object of ἐνήνοχεν; antecedent of λαβεῖν)→ participant referenceὅς (n. pl. ἅ): relative pronoun; 'the things which (he brought)'.
ἐνήνοχενhe has broughtPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωverb of the relative clause→ resultative perfect (goods still here, brought and present)φέρω (pf. ἐνήνοχεν): 'bring / carry'; the perfect indicates the gifts Naaman brought are still at hand, ripe for the taking in Gehazi's mind.
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb of the oath-formula ('as the LORD lives')→ affirmative present (oath-formula)ζάω (ζῇ): ζῇ κύριος ('as the LORD lives'); Gehazi blasphemously swears by YHWH to a covetous purpose — a dark echo of Elisha's righteous oath in v. 16.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ζῇ (the divine name in the oath)→ participant prominenceκύριος: here the Tetragrammaton יהוה — invoked in Gehazi's oath; the irony is that he swears by the living God to a deceitful, greedy end.
ὅτιthat / surelyconjunction (introducing the oath-content)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: introduces the substance of the oath ('that I will run…').
εἰ(surely)oath-particle (with μή: Hebraizing emphatic affirmation)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ μή: in an oath, εἰ μή renders אִם לֹא, which functions as an emphatic positive — 'surely I WILL run after him.'
μὴnotnegative particle (with εἰ, forming the oath-affirmation)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δραμοῦμαιI will runFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · τρέχωmain verb of the oath (emphatic affirmation)→ emphatic-positive future (oath: 'I will surely run')τρέχω (fut. mid. δραμοῦμαι): 'run'; with the oath-εἰ μή it is an emphatic vow — Gehazi will chase Naaman down.
ὀπίσωafterpreposition/adverb + genitive (pursuit: 'after him')→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'behind / after'; renders אַחֲרֵי; of pursuit.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω (Naaman)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὀπίσω (Naaman).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψομαιI will takeFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (coordinate with δραμοῦμαι)→ emphatic-positive future (oath)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψομαι): 'take / get'; Gehazi vows to take 'something' — the very thing Elisha refused (cf. λήμψομαι, v. 16).
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά (elided παρ᾿): 'from (the side of)'; marks Naaman as the source of the extorted gift.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of παρ᾿ (Naaman)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of παρ᾿ (Naaman).
τιsomethingAccusativeindefinite pronoun (direct object of λήμψομαι: 'something')→ participant referenceτις/τι: indefinite 'something / anything'; the vagueness betrays Gehazi's bare acquisitiveness — he simply wants to get something.
21

καὶ ἐδίωξε Γιεζι ὀπίσω τοῦ Ναιμαν καὶ εἶδεν αὐτὸν Ναιμαν τρέχοντα ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἅρματος εἰς ἀπαντὴν αὐτοῦ

And Gehazi pursued after Naaman; and Naaman saw him running after him and got down from the chariot to meet him.

Narrative action: the pursuit and Naaman's courteous turnκαὶ ἐδίωξε Γιεζι
The chase is narrated in brisk aorists. Naaman's gracious response — dismounting from his chariot to meet a mere servant running after him — displays the humility of the newly converted man, and unwittingly sets up Gehazi's deceit. The participle τρέχοντα ('running') picks up Gehazi's vow to run (δραμοῦμαι, v. 20).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδίωξεpursuedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διώκωmain verb (Gehazi's pursuit)→ constative aoristδιώκω: 'pursue / chase / hasten after'; renders רָדַף; Gehazi acts on his vow, running after Naaman.
ΓιεζιGehazisubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓιεζι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
ὀπίσωafterpreposition + genitive (pursuit)→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'after'; of pursuit.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ναιμαν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαιμανNaamangenitive object of ὀπίσω (with article τοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingΝαιμαν: indeclinable, here with the article τοῦ in the genitive.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (Naaman perceives the runner)→ constative aoristὁράω (aor. εἶδεν): 'see / perceive'; Naaman notices Gehazi running after him.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of εἶδεν (Gehazi)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of εἶδεν (Gehazi).
ΝαιμανNaamansubject of εἶδεν (indeclinable; resumptive)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: indeclinable; the explicit subject, resuming after the object αὐτόν.
τρέχονταrunningPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · τρέχωsupplementary participle (with εἶδεν: 'saw him running')→ progressive present participle (action in progress)τρέχω (pres. ptcp.): 'run'; the supplementary participle with a verb of perception; picks up Gehazi's vow δραμοῦμαι (v. 20).
ὀπίσωafterpreposition + genitive (direction of running)→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (direction of running).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ὀπίσω (Naaman himself)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὀπίσω (Naaman himself).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενturned / got downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (Naaman turns/descends to meet him)→ constative aoristἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / turn back'; here Naaman turns about (descending from the chariot, cf. v. 26 ἐπέστρεψεν … ἀπὸ τοῦ ἅρματος) to meet the runner — a gesture of gracious condescension.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: 'from the chariot')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: 'from the chariot').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἅρματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματοςchariotGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἀπό)→ relational specificationἅρμα: 'chariot'; Naaman comes down from his chariot — a striking courtesy from the great commander toward a servant.
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
ἀπαντὴνa meetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: 'to meet him')→ object specificationἀπάντησις/ἀπαντή: 'meeting / encounter'; εἰς ἀπαντήν ('to meet') renders לִקְרַאת; idiom for going to meet someone (cf. συναντήν, v. 26).
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobjective genitive (with ἀπαντήν: 'to meet him')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as objective genitive (with ἀπαντήν: 'to meet him').
22

καὶ εἶπεν εἰρήνη ὁ κύριός μου ἀπέστειλέν με λέγων ἰδοὺ νῦν ἦλθον πρός με δύο παιδάρια ἐξ ὄρους Εφραιμ ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν τῶν προφητῶν δὸς δὴ αὐτοῖς τάλαντον ἀργυρίου καὶ δύο ἀλλασσομένας στολάς

And he said, 'It is well. My master has sent me, saying, "Behold, just now there have come to me two young men from the hill country of Ephraim, of the sons of the prophets; give them, I pray, a talent of silver and two changes of garments."'

Gehazi's fabricated request (embedded false speech)καὶ εἶπεν εἰρήνη
Gehazi answers Naaman's implied concern with εἰρήνη ('all is well'), then invents a plausible story — two newly arrived prophets' apprentices in need — to extract from Naaman exactly the kind of gift Elisha had refused. He even forges his master's voice (ὁ κύριός μου ἀπέστειλέν με, 'my master has sent me'), compounding theft with a lie in the prophet's name. ὁ κύριός μου = the human Elisha.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
εἰρήνη(it is) peace / all is wellNominativenominal predicate (reassurance: 'all is well')→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: 'peace'; here the reassuring greeting 'all is well / it is peace' (שָׁלוֹם), allaying Naaman's concern that something might be wrong.
the / myNominativearticle (with κύριός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςmasterNominativesubject of ἀπέστειλέν→ participant prominenceκύριος: here a HUMAN master — 'my master' = Elisha, in whose name Gehazi falsely claims to act; marked human by μου and the servant-master relation, not the Tetragrammaton.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with κύριός)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κύριός).
ἀπέστειλένhas sentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the lie: 'my master sent me')→ constative aorist (the false claim)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; Gehazi falsely claims a commission from Elisha — the lie that turns covetousness into fraud in the prophet's name.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλέν→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπέστειλέν.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the fabricated message; Hebraism for לֵאמֹר)→ verbal action or stateλέγω (ptcp.): renders לֵאמֹר; introduces the (invented) words of Elisha.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; lends the fabricated message an air of urgency and plausibility.
νῦνjust nowtemporal adverb ('just now')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now / just now'; the invented detail of timing makes the lie convincing — guests have only just arrived.
ἦλθονhave comeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb of the embedded message→ constative aorist (the supposed recent arrival)ἔρχομαι (aor. ἦλθον): 'come'; the fictitious arrival of two prophets' apprentices.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the supposed 'me' = Elisha)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the supposed 'me' = Elisha).
δύοtwonumeral (modifying παιδάρια; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable cardinal; the number of the invented visitors.
παιδάριαyoung men / ladsNominativesubject of ἦλθον→ participant prominenceπαιδάριον: 'young man / lad / servant'; here the (fictitious) young members of the prophetic guild.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin).
ὄρουςhill country / mountainGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationὄρος: 'mountain / hill country'; renders הַר; ὄρος Εφραιμ = 'the hill country of Ephraim', a region associated with prophetic communities.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'hill country of Ephraim')→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of אֶפְרַיִם; indeclinable; the central hill country of the Northern Kingdom.
ἀπὸfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sons')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sons').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἀπό)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν ('the sons of the prophets', בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים) is the standard term for members of the prophetic guilds/schools associated with Elijah and Elisha.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with προφητῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφητῶνprophetsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with υἱῶν: 'sons of the prophets')→ relational specificationπροφήτης: 'prophet'; the prophetic guild whose junior members Gehazi invents as the needy recipients.
δὸςgiveAor Act Impv 2 Sg · δίδωμιimperative (the fabricated request to Naaman)→ ingressive aorist imperativeδίδωμι (aor. impv. δός): 'give'; the operative request — Gehazi, in Elisha's name, asks Naaman to give a gift for the supposed guests.
δὴI pray / nowemphatic particle (politeness)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: 'please / now'; renders נָא; softens the request to a courteous appeal.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of recipient (the supposed young men)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (the supposed young men).
τάλαντονa talentAccusativedirect object of δός→ object specificationτάλαντον: 'talent (of silver)'; Gehazi asks for one talent — a fraction of what Naaman had brought (v. 5), modest enough to seem credible.
ἀργυρίουof silverGenitivegenitive of material (with τάλαντον)→ relational specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying στολάς; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable.
ἀλλασσομέναςchanges of / festalPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Fem · ἀλλάσσωattributive participle (modifying στολάς: 'changes of garments')→ verbal action or stateἀλλάσσω (ptcp.): the participial idiom ἀλλασσομένας στολάς ('changes of raiment'), as in v. 5 — festal garments given as gifts.
στολάςgarments / robesAccusativedirect object (coordinate with τάλαντον)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / festal garment'; the second item of Gehazi's request.
23

καὶ εἶπεν Ναιμαν λαβὲ διτάλαντον ἀργυρίου καὶ ἔλαβεν ἐν δυσὶ θυλάκοις καὶ δύο ἀλλασσομένας στολὰς καὶ ἔδωκεν ἐπὶ δύο παιδάρια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἦραν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ

And Naaman said, 'Take two talents of silver.' And he pressed him, and bound up two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and gave them to two of his servants; and they carried them before him.

Naaman's generous over-response and the transfer of the spoilκαὶ εἶπεν Ναιμαν λαβὲ
Naaman not only complies but doubles the request (διτάλαντον, 'two talents'), insisting Gehazi take it — generosity that ironically multiplies Gehazi's guilt. The goods are bagged and assigned to two of Naaman's own servants to carry ahead, a detail that sets up the secret transfer (v. 24). The verb ἦραν ('they bore') continues the brisk action.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΝαιμανNaamansubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωimperative (Naaman's generous offer)→ ingressive aorist imperativeλαμβάνω (aor. impv. λαβέ): 'take'; Naaman urges Gehazi to take even more than asked.
διτάλαντονtwo talentsAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationδιτάλαντον: 'a double talent / two talents'; from δι- ('two') + τάλαντον; Naaman doubles Gehazi's request, his generosity heightening the irony of the fraud.
ἀργυρίουof silverGenitivegenitive of material (with διτάλαντον)→ relational specificationἀργύριον: 'silver'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενhe took / bound upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Naaman/Gehazi handles the silver)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; here of taking and packing the silver (with πιέζω/binding implied) into bags for transport — Naaman secures the gift Gehazi accepts.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (containment: 'in bags')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (containment: 'in bags').
δυσὶtwoDativenumeral (modifying θυλάκοις; dative)→ sphere or referenceδύο (dat. δυσί): 'two'; here the inflected dative form.
θυλάκοιςbags / sacksDativedative (with ἐν: 'in two bags')→ sphere or referenceθύλακος: 'bag / sack / pouch'; renders חָרִיט; the silver is bound up in two bags for carrying.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying στολὰς; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable.
ἀλλασσομέναςchanges of / festalPres Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Fem · ἀλλάσσωattributive participle (modifying στολὰς)→ verbal action or stateἀλλάσσω (ptcp.): the 'changes of garments' idiom (cf. vv. 5, 22).
στολὰςgarments / robesAccusativedirect object (with the silver)→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / festal garment'.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Naaman entrusts the load to carriers)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give / hand over'; Naaman assigns the bundles to two of his own servants to carry.
ἐπὶto / uponpreposition + accusative (assignment: 'gave to/upon two servants')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: here marks the persons charged with carrying — 'laid upon / gave to two servants'.
δύοtwonumeral (modifying παιδάρια; indeclinable)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable.
παιδάριαservants / attendantsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (Naaman's two servants)→ object specificationπαιδάριον: 'young servant / attendant'; two of Naaman's own attendants are deputed to carry the load.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with παιδάρια)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with παιδάρια).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦρανthey carried / boreAor Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (the servants carry the load)→ constative aoristαἴρω (aor. ἦραν): 'lift / carry / bear'; renders נָשָׂא; the servants bear the bundles ahead of Gehazi.
ἔμπροσθενbefore / ahead ofpreposition + genitive (position: 'before him')→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: 'in front of / before'; renders לִפְנֵי; the carriers go ahead of Gehazi until they reach the secret place (v. 24).
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἔμπροσθεν (Gehazi)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἔμπροσθεν (Gehazi).
24

καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ σκοτεινόν καὶ ἔλαβεν ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ παρέθετο ἐν οἴκῳ καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν τοὺς ἄνδρας

And they came to the dark place, and he took the things from their hands and stowed them in the house and sent the men away.

Concealment: Gehazi hides the spoilκαὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ σκοτεινόν
The action is furtive: at τὸ σκοτεινόν ('the dark/secret place'), Gehazi takes the bundles from Naaman's servants, hides them indoors, and dismisses the carriers so no witness remains. The cluster of aorists (ἔλαβεν, παρέθετο, ἐξαπέστειλεν) executes the cover-up with cold efficiency — the prelude to his lie before Elisha.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (arrival at the secret place)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι (aor. ἦλθον): 'come'; Gehazi and the carriers reach the hiding spot.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizing σκοτεινόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκοτεινόνdark place / secret placeAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of εἰς: 'to the dark place')→ object specificationσκοτεινός: 'dark'; the neuter substantive τὸ σκοτεινόν = 'the dark/hidden place' (perhaps a fortified hill or secluded spot, rendering הָעֹפֶל); the secrecy underscores the furtiveness of Gehazi's act.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Gehazi takes the bundles)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; Gehazi relieves the carriers of the spoil.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with χειρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from their hands')→ relational specificationχείρ (gen. pl. χειρῶν): 'hand'; Gehazi takes the bags from the servants' hands.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with χειρῶν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with χειρῶν).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέθετοstowed / put awayAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · παρατίθημιmain verb (Gehazi hides the spoil)→ constative aoristπαρατίθημι (aor. mid. παρέθετο): 'set beside / deposit / store up'; the middle = 'stored away for himself'; Gehazi conceals the goods indoors.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (locative: 'in the house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the place of concealment.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαπέστειλενsent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb (dismissal of the carriers)→ constative aoristἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away / dismiss'; Gehazi sends the servants off, eliminating witnesses to the hidden spoil.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἄνδρας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἐξαπέστειλεν→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. pl. ἄνδρας): 'man'; Naaman's two carrier-servants, now dismissed.
25

καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν καὶ παρειστήκει πρὸς τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ελισαιε πόθεν Γιεζι καὶ εἶπεν Γιεζι οὐ πεπόρευται ὁ δοῦλός σου ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα

And he himself went in and stood before his master. And Elisha said to him, 'Where from, Gehazi?' And Gehazi said, 'Your servant has not gone anywhere.'

Confrontation: Gehazi returns and liesκαὶ αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν
Gehazi resumes his post as if nothing had happened (παρειστήκει, 'stood in attendance'). Elisha's terse question πόθεν Γιεζι ('Where from, Gehazi?') exposes that the prophet already knows. Gehazi's flat denial — οὐ πεπόρευται ὁ δοῦλός σου ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ('your servant has gone nowhere at all') — is the lie that seals his doom. τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ = the human Elisha.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (subject: 'he himself')→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'himself'; marks Gehazi's return to his master's presence.
εἰσῆλθενwent inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (Gehazi enters)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'go in / enter'; Gehazi comes back inside to Elisha.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρειστήκειstood in attendancePlpf Act Indic 3 Sg · παρίστημιmain verb (Gehazi takes his attending position)→ stative pluperfect (had taken his stand / stood waiting)παρίστημι (plpf. παρειστήκει): 'stand beside / attend'; the pluperfect of the perfect-with-present-force ἕστηκα denotes Gehazi resuming his stance of attendance, feigning normality.
πρὸςbefore / topreposition + accusative (in attendance before)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (in attendance before).
τὸνthe / hisAccusativearticle (with κύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονmasterAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Gehazi's master)→ object specificationκύριος: here a HUMAN master — Elisha, before whom Gehazi stands as servant; marked human by αὐτοῦ and the servant-master relation, not the Tetragrammaton.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with κύριον)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κύριον).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Gehazi)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Gehazi).
ΕλισαιεElishasubject of εἶπεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of εἶπεν (indeclinable).
πόθενfrom where?interrogative adverb (Elisha's probing question)→ clausal contributionπόθεν: 'from where? / whence?'; Elisha's curt question — already knowing the answer — invites Gehazi to confess; instead he lies.
ΓιεζιGehazivocative (address: 'Gehazi')→ participant identificationΓιεζι: indeclinable; here in direct address.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Gehazi's reply)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΓιεζιGehazisubject of εἶπεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓιεζι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of εἶπεν (indeclinable).
οὐnotnegative particle (with πεπόρευται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεπόρευταιhas gonePerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (Gehazi's lie)→ resultative perfect (denial of any recent going)πορεύομαι (pf. πεπόρευται): 'go / travel'; the perfect 'has not gone (anywhere)' is Gehazi's outright lie; the irony is sharp, since he had just run after Naaman (ἐδίωξε, v. 21).
the / yourNominativearticle (with δοῦλός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόςservantNominativesubject of πεπόρευται→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'servant'; Gehazi speaks of himself in the deferential third person ('your servant') even as he lies.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δοῦλός)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δοῦλός).
ἔνθαhereadverb of place (with καὶ ἔνθα: 'anywhere at all')→ clausal contributionἔνθα: 'there / here'; the idiom ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ('hither and thither / anywhere at all') renders אָנֶה וָאָנָה; Gehazi denies going in any direction whatever.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (within the ἔνθα … ἔνθα idiom)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνθαthereadverb of place (second member of 'hither and thither')→ clausal contributionἔνθα: the doubled ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα emphasizes the totality of the denial — 'nowhere at all'.
26

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ελισαιε οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία μου ἐπορεύθη μετὰ σοῦ ὅτε ἐπέστρεψεν ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἅρματος εἰς συναντήν σοι καὶ νῦν ἔλαβες τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ νῦν ἔλαβες τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λήμψῃ ἐν αὐτῷ κήπους καὶ ἐλαιῶνας καὶ ἀμπελῶνας καὶ πρόβατα καὶ βόας καὶ παῖδας καὶ παιδίσκας

And Elisha said to him, 'Did not my heart go with you when the man turned back from his chariot to meet you? And now you have taken the silver, and now you have taken the garments — and you will get with it gardens and olive groves and vineyards and sheep and oxen and male and female servants!'

Prophetic exposure and verdict (the climax of section D)καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ελισαιε
Elisha's prophetic sight had witnessed the whole transaction — ἡ καρδία μου ἐπορεύθη μετὰ σοῦ ('my heart went with you'). He names the precise moment (the man turning from his chariot, v. 21) and the goods taken, then exposes the deeper sin: Gehazi has bartered the free grace of God for a future of estates, flocks, and slaves. The heaping catalogue of acquisitions is the indictment of his covetousness.
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Gehazi)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Gehazi).
ΕλισαιεElishasubject of εἶπεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαιε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of εἶπεν (indeclinable).
οὐχὶdid not?interrogative negative (expecting 'yes')→ clausal contributionοὐχί: introduces a rhetorical question expecting 'yes' — 'did not my heart indeed go with you?'
the / myNominativearticle (with καρδία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of ἐπορεύθη→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart / mind'; renders לֵב; 'my heart went with you' expresses Elisha's prophetic clairvoyance — he saw the whole act in spirit.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with καρδία)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with καρδία).
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass(Dep) Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb of the rhetorical question→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go'; here metaphorically — Elisha's perception accompanied Gehazi unseen.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά (Gehazi)→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά (Gehazi).
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: 'when'; introduces the precise moment Elisha 'saw' — when Naaman turned to meet Gehazi (v. 21).
ἐπέστρεψενturned backAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωverb of the temporal clause→ constative aoristἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back'; echoes v. 21 (Naaman turning from his chariot to meet Gehazi) — the exact instant Elisha names.
theNominativearticle (with ἀνὴρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρthe manNominativesubject of ἐπέστρεψεν (Naaman)→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; here Naaman, referred to by Elisha as 'the man'.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἅρματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματοςchariotGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἀπό)→ relational specificationἅρμα: 'chariot'; the detail (cf. v. 21) confirms Elisha's supernatural knowledge of the encounter.
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
συναντήνa meetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: 'to meet you')→ object specificationσυνάντησις/συναντή: 'meeting / encounter'; εἰς συναντήν ('to meet') renders לִקְרַאת (cf. ἀπαντήν, v. 21).
σοιyouDativedative (with συναντήν: 'to meet you')→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (with συναντήν: 'to meet you').
καὶandnarrative conjunction (transition to the indictment)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; the repeated καὶ νῦν marks the rhetorical drumbeat of the indictment.
ἔλαβεςyou have takenAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (the charge: 'you took the silver')→ constative aorist (accusation of the act)λαμβάνω (aor. ἔλαβες): 'take'; Elisha names what Gehazi denied taking.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilver / moneyAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβες→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver'; the talents Gehazi took (v. 23).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (repeated for emphasis)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἔλαβεςyou have takenAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (the charge: 'you took the garments')→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; the parallel charge regarding the garments.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἱμάτια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβες→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment'; the festal robes Gehazi took (v. 23).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃyou will getFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (the ironic/indicting future: 'you would acquire')→ predictive future (the estates Gehazi schemed to gain)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψῃ): 'get / acquire'; Elisha lays bare the long-term ambition behind the theft — to buy a landed estate; the catalogue that follows exposes the depth of his greed.
ἐνwith / bypreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: instrumental — 'with it (the money)', i.e. by means of the silver.
αὐτῷitDativedative of means (with ἐν: the silver as purchase-price)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of means (with ἐν: the silver as purchase-price).
κήπουςgardensAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (first item of the catalogue)→ object specificationκῆπος: 'garden / orchard'; first of the heaped acquisitions Gehazi craved — the trappings of landed wealth.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (catalogue-linker)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαιῶναςolive grovesAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (catalogue item)→ object specificationἐλαιών: 'olive grove / olive orchard'; from ἐλαία ('olive'); a staple of agrarian wealth.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀμπελῶναςvineyardsAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (catalogue item)→ object specificationἀμπελών: 'vineyard'; from ἄμπελος ('vine'); together with gardens and olive groves, the marks of a great estate.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόβαταsheep / flocksAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (catalogue item)→ object specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; renders צֹאן; livestock-wealth.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόαςoxen / cattleAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (catalogue item)→ object specificationβοῦς (acc. pl. βόας): 'ox / cow'; renders בָּקָר; the larger livestock.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παῖδαςmenservantsAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (catalogue item)→ object specificationπαῖς (acc. pl. παῖδας): 'servant / slave'; renders עֲבָדִים; male slaves as a sign of status.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδίσκαςmaidservantsAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (final catalogue item)→ object specificationπαιδίσκη: 'maidservant / female slave'; renders שְׁפָחוֹת; the closing item of the indictment-catalogue — the full retinue of an estate Gehazi coveted at the price of his integrity.
27

καὶ ἡ λέπρα Ναιμαν κολληθήσεται ἐν σοὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ προσώπου αὐτοῦ λελεπρωμένος ὡσεὶ χιών

'And the leprosy of Naaman shall cleave to you and to your seed forever.' And he went out from his presence leprous, white as snow.

Verdict and execution: the transferred leprosy (closure of the chapter)καὶ ἡ λέπρα Ναιμαν κολληθήσεται
The sentence is poetic justice: the very leprosy that left Naaman now cleaves (κολληθήσεται) to Gehazi and his seed forever — grace bartered for gain becomes a hereditary curse. The chapter ends as it began, with the participle λελεπρωμένος (cf. v. 1, of Naaman): the disease has changed bodies. The simile ὡσεὶ χιών ('white as snow') is the stark visual seal — and the dark inverse of the childlike-flesh restoration of v. 14.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing Elisha's verdict)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with λέπρα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λέπραleprosyNominativesubject of κολληθήσεται→ participant prominenceλέπρα: 'leprosy'; the same disease that defined Naaman (vv. 1, 3, 6, 7) now transferred to Gehazi as judgment.
Ναιμανof Naamangenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'leprosy of Naaman')→ participant identificationΝαιμαν: indeclinable; the leprosy is named as Naaman's — what left him now seizes Gehazi.
κολληθήσεταιshall cleave / clingFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · κολλάωmain verb (the sentence pronounced)→ predictive future passive (irrevocable judgment)κολλάω (fut. pass.): 'glue / join / cause to cling'; renders דָּבַק; the leprosy will 'cleave / stick fast' to Gehazi permanently — a verb of inseparable adhesion that seals the curse.
ἐνto / inpreposition + dative (with κολλάω: 'cleave to')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: with κολλάω, 'cleave to / cling to' (Hebraizing construction with בְּ).
σοὶyouDativedative (with κολληθήσεται: 'cleave to you')→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (with κολληθήσεται: 'cleave to you').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνto / inpreposition + dative (extending the curse to descendants)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (extending the curse to descendants).
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with σπέρματί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματίseed / offspringDativedative (with κολληθήσεται: 'cleave to your seed')→ sphere or referenceσπέρμα: 'seed / offspring / descendants'; renders זֶרַע; the curse is hereditary — extending to Gehazi's line, the dark counterpart of covenant blessing.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπέρματί)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σπέρματί).
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (duration: 'forever')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (duration: 'forever').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with αἰῶνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverAccusativeaccusative of duration (with εἰς: 'forever')→ object specificationαἰών: 'age / eternity'; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ('forever', לְעוֹלָם) marks the permanence of the judgment on Gehazi and his descendants.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (the verdict executed)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενhe went outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (Gehazi's departure under judgment)→ constative aorist (immediate fulfillment)ἐξέρχομαι (aor. ἐξῆλθεν): 'go out / depart'; Gehazi leaves Elisha's presence already struck with the disease — the sentence takes effect at once.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
προσώπουpresence / faceGenitivegenitive of separation (with ἐκ: 'from his presence')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἐκ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ('from before him', מִלְּפָנָיו) is a Hebraism for 'from his presence' — Gehazi is dismissed from the prophet.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with προσώπου: Elisha)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with προσώπου: Elisha).
λελεπρωμένοςleprous / made a leperPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λεπρόωperfect participle (predicative: 'he went out leprous')→ resultative perfect participle (newly settled diseased state)λεπρόω (pf. pass. ptcp.): 'be afflicted with leprosy'; the very word used of Naaman in v. 1 — now of Gehazi; the chapter's framing inclusio: the leprosy has changed bodies, from the healed Gentile to the greedy Israelite.
ὡσεὶlike / ascomparative particle (introducing the simile)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεί: 'as / like / about'; introduces the simile of snow-white leprous skin.
χιώνsnowNominativenominative of comparison (with ὡσεί: 'white as snow')→ participant prominenceχιών: 'snow'; renders שֶׁלֶג; the snow-white skin is the visible mark of severe leprosy (cf. Exod 4:6; Num 12:10); the stark final image seals the reversal of the chapter — the dark inverse of Naaman's child-fresh flesh (v. 14).