1
ἔτους ὀκτωκαιδεκάτου Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐποίησεν εἰκόνα χρυσῆν ὕψος αὐτῆς πήχεων ἑξήκοντα εὖρος αὐτῆς πήχεων ἕξ καὶ ἔστησεν αὐτὴν ἐν πεδίῳ Δεϊρα ἐν χώρᾳ Βαβυλῶνος
In the eighteenth year Nebuchadnezzar the king made a golden image, its height sixty cubits and its width six cubits, and set it up in the plain of Deira in the province of Babylon.
Opens with Nebuchadnezzar creating and enthroning the image in Babylonian space. The measurements and precious metal signal imperial magnificence as a rival cultic center.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀκτωκαιδεκάτουeighteenthA1 GSN · ὀκτωκαιδέκατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀκτωκαιδέκατος: meaning 'eighteenth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰκόναimageN3N ASF · εἰκώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεἰκών: meaning 'image'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
χρυσῆνgoldenA1C ASF · χρυσοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὕψοςexaltationN3E NSN · ὕψοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕψος: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πήχεωνcubitsN3 GPM · πῆχυςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῆχυς: meaning 'cubits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑξήκονταsixtyM · ἑξήκονταadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖροςwidthN3E NSN · εὖροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὖρος: meaning 'width'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πήχεωνcubitsN3 GPM · πῆχυςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῆχυς: meaning 'cubits'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕξsixM · ἕξadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕξ: meaning 'six'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πεδίῳfieldN2N DSN · πεδίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΔεϊραDeiraN GS · Δεϊραnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔεϊρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χώρᾳcountryN1A DSF · χώραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχώρα: meaning 'country'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν συναγαγεῖν τοὺς ὑπάτους καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τοὺς τοπάρχας ἡγουμένους καὶ τυράννους καὶ τοὺς ἐπ' ἐξουσιῶν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῶν χωρῶν ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὰ ἐγκαίνια τῆς εἰκόνος ἧς ἔστησεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὁ βασιλεύς
And he sent to gather the satraps and generals and local rulers, the governors and tyrants, the officials in authority, and all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up.
Administrative officials from every level are summoned to the dedication, widening the scope from royal whim to imperial policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συναγαγεῖνgatherVB AAN · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω + συν: meaning 'gather'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπάτουςυπατοςN2 APM · ὕπατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕπατος: meaning 'υπατος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὺςgeneralN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοπάρχαςdistrict rulerN1M APM · τοπαρχήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτοπαρχής: meaning 'district ruler'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡγουμένουςegeomaiV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'egeomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τυράννουςtyrantsN2 APM · τύραννοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτύραννος: meaning 'tyrants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐξουσιῶνauthoritiesN1A GPF · ἐξουσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐξουσία: meaning 'authorities'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χωρῶνprovinceN1A GPF · χώραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχώρα: meaning 'province'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγκαίνιαdedicationN2N APN · ἐγκαίνιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐγκαίνια: meaning 'dedication'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνοςimageN3N GSF · εἰκώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἰκών: meaning 'image'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
καὶ συνήχθησαν οἱ τοπάρχαι ὕπατοι στρατηγοί ἡγούμενοι τύραννοι μεγάλοι οἱ ἐπ' ἐξουσιῶν καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν χωρῶν εἰς τὸν ἐγκαινισμὸν τῆς εἰκόνος ἧς ἔστησεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὁ βασιλεύς καὶ εἱστήκεισαν ἐνώπιον τῆς εἰκόνος ἧς ἔστησεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ
Then the local rulers, satraps, generals, governors, tyrants, great officials, those in authority, and all the rulers of the provinces were gathered to the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up, and they stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up.
The gathered officials stand before the image, embodying the collective submission the king seeks to universalize.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήχθησανwere gatheredVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'were gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοπάρχαιlocal rulersN1M NPM · τοπαρχήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοπαρχής: meaning 'local rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕπατοιsatrapsN2 NPM · ὕπατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕπατος: meaning 'satraps'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στρατηγοίgeneralsN2 NPM · στρατηγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστρατηγός: meaning 'generals'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τύραννοιlocal chiefN2 NPM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτύραννος: meaning 'local chief'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάλοιgreatA1 NPM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐξουσιῶνauthoritiesN1A GPF · ἐξουσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐξουσία: meaning 'authorities'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χωρῶνprovinceN1A GPF · χώραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχώρα: meaning 'province'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγκαινισμὸνdedicationN2 ASM · ἐγκαινισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐγκαινισμός: meaning 'dedication'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνοςimageN3N GSF · εἰκώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἰκών: meaning 'image'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἱστήκεισανstoodVXI YAI3P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνοςimageN3N GSF · εἰκώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἰκών: meaning 'image'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
4
καὶ ὁ κῆρυξ ἐβόα ἐν ἰσχύι ὑμῖν λέγεται λαοί φυλαί γλῶσσαι
And the herald cried with might: To you it is proclaimed, peoples, tribes, and languages,
The herald translates imperial will into liturgical command, addressing peoples, tribes, and languages as one obedient audience.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῆρυξheraldN3K NSM · κῆρυξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκῆρυξ: meaning 'herald'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐβόαcry outV3I IAI3S · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγεταιsay / callV1 PMI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαοίpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλαίtribesN1 NPF · φυλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλῶσσαιtongueN1S NPF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
ᾗ ἂν ὥρᾳ ἀκούσητε τῆς φωνῆς τῆς σάλπιγγος σύριγγός τε καὶ κιθάρας σαμβύκης καὶ ψαλτηρίου καὶ συμφωνίας καὶ παντὸς γένους μουσικῶν πίπτοντες προσκυνεῖτε τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὁ βασιλεύς
At whatever hour you hear the sound of the trumpet, pipe, lyre, sambuca, psaltery, symphony, and every kind of musical instrument, fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king has set up.
Music becomes the cue for coordinated idolatry. The list of instruments turns worship into an orchestrated state ritual.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥρᾳoraN1A DSF · ὥραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὥρα: meaning 'ora'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀκούσητεheardVA AAS2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύριγγόςpipeN3G GSF · σύριγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύριγξ: meaning 'pipe'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιθάραςlyreN1A GSF · κιθάραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκιθάρα: meaning 'lyre'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαμβύκηςsambucaN1 GSF · σαμβύκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσαμβύκη: meaning 'sambuca'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλτηρίουharpN2N GSN · ψαλτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψαλτήριον: meaning 'harp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμφωνίαςaccordN1A GSF · συμφωνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυμφωνία: meaning 'accord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γένουςfamilyN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'family'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουσικῶνmusicalA1 GPM · μουσικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμουσικός: meaning 'musical'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πίπτοντεςfalling downV1 · παπνπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πίπτω: meaning 'falling down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσκυνεῖτεworshipVF FAI2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσῇgoldenA1C DSF · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ πεσὼν προσκυνήσῃ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην
And whoever does not fall down and worship, in that same hour shall be cast into the burning furnace of fire.
The furnace threat gives the decree its teeth: refusal of worship is criminalized as treason against imperial religion.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσὼνfallingVB · ααπνσμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πίπτω: meaning 'falling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσκυνήσῃshould worshipVA AAS3S · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκυνέω + προς: meaning 'should worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὥρᾳoraN1A DSF · ὥραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὥρα: meaning 'ora'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐμβληθήσεταιhe shall be castVC FPI3S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'he shall be cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηνburningV1 · πμπασφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἤκουσαν οἱ λαοὶ τῆς φωνῆς τῆς σάλπιγγος σύριγγός τε καὶ κιθάρας σαμβύκης καὶ ψαλτηρίου καὶ συμφωνίας καὶ παντὸς γένους μουσικῶν πίπτοντες πάντες οἱ λαοί φυλαί γλῶσσαι προσεκύνουν τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὁ βασιλεύς
And it came to pass, when the peoples heard the sound of the trumpet, pipe, lyre, sambuca, psaltery, symphony, and every kind of musical instrument, all the peoples, tribes, and languages fell down and worshiped the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up.
The nations obey exactly as commanded, emphasizing how isolated the faithful refusal of the three Jews will be.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοὶpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύριγγόςpipeN3G GSF · σύριγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύριγξ: meaning 'pipe'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιθάραςlyreN1A GSF · κιθάραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκιθάρα: meaning 'lyre'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαμβύκηςsambucaN1 GSF · σαμβύκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσαμβύκη: meaning 'sambuca'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλτηρίουharpN2N GSN · ψαλτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψαλτήριον: meaning 'harp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμφωνίαςaccordN1A GSF · συμφωνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυμφωνία: meaning 'accord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γένουςfamilyN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'family'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουσικῶνmusicalA1 GPM · μουσικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμουσικός: meaning 'musical'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πίπτοντεςfalling downV1 · παπνπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πίπτω: meaning 'falling down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοίpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλαίtribesN1 NPF · φυλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλῶσσαιtongueN1S NPF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προσεκύνουνbow downV2I IAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'bow down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσῇgoldenA1C DSF · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
τότε προσήλθοσαν ἄνδρες Χαλδαῖοι καὶ διέβαλον τοὺς Ιουδαίους
Then certain Chaldean men came forward and maliciously accused the Jews.
The Chaldeans advance at the decisive moment and "eat the pieces" of the Jews, shifting the narrative from public decree to targeted denunciation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήλθοσανcame forwardVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'came forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΧαλδαῖοιChaldeansN2 NPM · Χαλδαῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΧαλδαῖοι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέβαλονaccused maliciouslyVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + δια: meaning 'accused maliciously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίουςJewN2 APM · Ἰουδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΙουδαίους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
τῷ βασιλεῖ Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεῦ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ζῆθι
They said to King Nebuchadnezzar, O king, live forever.
The accusers begin with standard royal homage, framing their charge in the conventions of palace speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN DSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ζῆθιliveV3 PAD2S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
σύ βασιλεῦ ἔθηκας δόγμα πάντα ἄνθρωπον ὃς ἂν ἀκούσῃ τῆς φωνῆς τῆς σάλπιγγος σύριγγός τε καὶ κιθάρας σαμβύκης καὶ ψαλτηρίου καὶ συμφωνίας καὶ παντὸς γένους μουσικῶν
You, O king, have made a decree that every man who hears the sound of the trumpet, pipe, lyre, sambuca, psaltery, symphony, and every kind of musical instrument
The accusation proceeds by rehearsing the king's own decree, ensuring that the coming charge appears as defense of royal honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἔθηκαςyou madeVAI AAI2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'you made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόγμαdogmaN3M ASN · δόγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόγμα: meaning 'dogma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσῃhearVA AAS3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύριγγόςpipeN3G GSF · σύριγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύριγξ: meaning 'pipe'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιθάραςlyreN1A GSF · κιθάραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκιθάρα: meaning 'lyre'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαμβύκηςsambucaN1 GSF · σαμβύκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσαμβύκη: meaning 'sambuca'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλτηρίουharpN2N GSN · ψαλτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψαλτήριον: meaning 'harp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμφωνίαςaccordN1A GSF · συμφωνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυμφωνία: meaning 'accord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γένουςfamilyN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'family'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουσικῶνmusicalA1 GPM · μουσικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμουσικός: meaning 'musical'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
καὶ μὴ πεσὼν προσκυνήσῃ τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ἐμβληθήσεται εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην
and who does not fall down and worship the golden image shall be cast into the burning furnace of fire.
The accusers repeat the furnace penalty so that the Jews can be measured against the king's announced standard.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσὼνfallingVB · ααπνσμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πίπτω: meaning 'falling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσκυνήσῃshould worshipVA AAS3S · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκυνέω + προς: meaning 'should worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσῇgoldenA1C DSF · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐμβληθήσεταιhe shall be castVC FPI3S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'he shall be cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηνburningV1 · πμπασφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
εἰσὶν ἄνδρες Ιουδαῖοι οὓς κατέστησας ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα τῆς χώρας Βαβυλῶνος Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω οἱ ἄνδρες ἐκεῖνοι οὐχ ὑπήκουσαν βασιλεῦ τῷ δόγματί σου τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύουσιν καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησας οὐ προσκυνοῦσιν
There are Jewish men whom you appointed over the works of the province of Babylon - Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Those men have not obeyed your decree, O king; they do not serve your gods, and they do not worship the golden image that you have set up.
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego are named as royal appointees who nevertheless refuse both service to Babylonian gods and worship of the image. Their civil office heightens the offense in imperial eyes.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
εἰσὶνbeV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙουδαῖοιJudeanN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙουδαῖοι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέστησαςyou appointedVAI AAI2S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'you appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώραςcountryN1A GSF · χώραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχώρα: meaning 'country'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣεδραχShadrachN NSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN NSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN NSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκεῖνοιthose menRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖνοι: meaning 'those men'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπήκουσανobeyedVAI AAI3P · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'obeyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόγματίdecreeN3M DSN · δόγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόγμα: meaning 'decree'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῖςGodN2 DPM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύουσινserveV1 PAI3P · λατρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλατρεύω: meaning 'serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσῇgoldenA1C DSF · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησαςto make / establishVAI AAI2S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνοῦσινprosV2 PAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
τότε Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἐν θυμῷ καὶ ὀργῇ εἶπεν ἀγαγεῖν τὸν Σεδραχ Μισαχ καὶ Αβδεναγω καὶ ἤχθησαν ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως
Then Nebuchadnezzar in anger and wrath ordered Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego to be brought, and they were brought before the king.
Nebuchadnezzar reacts in anger and has the three brought before him, moving from hearsay accusation to direct confrontation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαγεῖνwere driving / leadingVB AAN · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω: meaning 'were driving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣεδραχShadrachN ASM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN ASM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN ASM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤχθησανbringVQI API3P · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ναβουχοδονοσορ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς εἰ ἀληθῶς Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω τοῖς θεοῖς μου οὐ λατρεύετε καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησα οὐ προσκυνεῖτε
And Nebuchadnezzar answered and said to them, Is it true, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, that you do not serve my gods and do not worship the golden image that I have set up?
The king offers a final hearing while restating the double charge: refusal of his gods and refusal of his image.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀληθῶςtrulyD · ἀληθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀληθῶς: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣεδραχShadrachN VSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN VSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN VSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῖςGodN2 DPM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύετεyou serveV1 PAI2P · λατρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλατρεύω: meaning 'you serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσῇgoldenA1C DSF · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησαset / appoint / standVAI AAI1S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνεῖτεworshipV2 PAI2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
νῦν οὖν εἰ ἔχετε ἑτοίμως ἵνα ὡς ἂν ἀκούσητε τῆς φωνῆς τῆς σάλπιγγος σύριγγός τε καὶ κιθάρας σαμβύκης καὶ ψαλτηρίου καὶ συμφωνίας καὶ παντὸς γένους μουσικῶν πεσόντες προσκυνήσητε τῇ εἰκόνι ᾗ ἐποίησα ἐὰν δὲ μὴ προσκυνήσητε αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐμβληθήσεσθε εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην καὶ τίς ἐστιν θεός ὃς ἐξελεῖται ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν μου
Now then, if you are ready, whenever you hear the sound of the trumpet, pipe, lyre, sambuca, psaltery, symphony, and every kind of musical instrument, fall down and worship the image that I have made. But if you do not worship, in that same hour you shall be cast into the burning furnace of fire; and who is the god that will deliver you out of my hands?
Nebuchadnezzar gives one more opportunity for submission, then blasphemously asks what god can rescue them from his hands. The issue is now explicitly theological.
Word-by-word analysis· 58 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχετεhaveV1 PAI2P · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑτοίμωςpromptlyD · ἑτοίμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑτοίμως: meaning 'promptly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσητεheardVA AAS2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύριγγόςpipeN3G GSF · σύριγξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύριγξ: meaning 'pipe'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κιθάραςlyreN1A GSF · κιθάραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκιθάρα: meaning 'lyre'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαμβύκηςsambucaN1 GSF · σαμβύκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσαμβύκη: meaning 'sambuca'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλτηρίουharpN2N GSN · ψαλτήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψαλτήριον: meaning 'harp'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμφωνίαςaccordN1A GSF · συμφωνίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυμφωνία: meaning 'accord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςeveryA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γένουςfamilyN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'family'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουσικῶνmusicalA1 GPM · μουσικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμουσικός: meaning 'musical'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεσόντεςhaving fallenVB · ααπνπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ πίπτω: meaning 'having fallen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσκυνήσητεworshipVA AAS2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσητεworshipVA AAS2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὥρᾳoraN1A DSF · ὥραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὥρα: meaning 'ora'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐμβληθήσεσθεyou shall be castVC FPI2P · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'you shall be cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηνburningV1 · πμπασφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελεῖταιdeliverVF2 FMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω λέγοντες τῷ βασιλεῖ Ναβουχοδονοσορ οὐ χρείαν ἔχομεν ἡμεῖς περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος τούτου ἀποκριθῆναί σοι
And Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego answered, saying to King Nebuchadnezzar, We have no need to answer you concerning this matter.
The three refuse even to defend themselves on pragmatic grounds. Their answer begins from settled conviction rather than debate.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθησανanswerVCI API3P · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣεδραχShadrachN NSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN NSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN NSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN DSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρείανneedN1A ASF · χρείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχομενhaveV1 PAI1P · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματοςwordN3M GSN · ῥῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποκριθῆναίto answerVC APN · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'to answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
ἔστιν γὰρ θεός ᾧ ἡμεῖς λατρεύομεν δυνατὸς ἐξελέσθαι ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης καὶ ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου βασιλεῦ ῥύσεται ἡμᾶς
For there is a God whom we serve, able to deliver us from the burning furnace of fire, and he will rescue us from your hands, O king.
They confess God's ability to deliver from furnace and king alike. Divine power is affirmed without hesitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λατρεύομενwe serveV1 PAI1P · λατρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλατρεύω: meaning 'we serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δυνατὸςmighty / strongA1 NSM · δυνατόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξελέσθαιto deliverVB AMN · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηςkaiomenesV1 · πμπγσφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ καίω: meaning 'kaiomenes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ῥύσεταιrescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
καὶ ἐὰν μή γνωστὸν ἔστω σοι βασιλεῦ ὅτι τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύομεν καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι τῇ χρυσῇ ᾗ ἔστησας οὐ προσκυνοῦμεν
But even if not, let it be known to you, O king, that we do not serve your gods, nor do we worship the golden image that you have set up.
Their fidelity does not depend on guaranteed rescue. This is the chapter's central witness against idolatry: obedience without conditions.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωστὸνknownA1 NSN · γνωστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνωστός: meaning 'known'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔστωisV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῖςGodN2 DPM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύομενwe serveV1 PAI1P · λατρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλατρεύω: meaning 'we serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόνιto an imageN3N DSF · εἰκώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἰκών: meaning 'to an image'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσῇgoldenA1C DSF · χρυσοῦςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔστησαςto make / establishVAI AAI2S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνοῦμενwe worshipV2 PAI1P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'we worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
τότε Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἐπλήσθη θυμοῦ καὶ ἡ ὄψις τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἠλλοιώθη ἐπὶ Σεδραχ Μισαχ καὶ Αβδεναγω καὶ εἶπεν ἐκκαῦσαι τὴν κάμινον ἑπταπλασίως ἕως οὗ εἰς τέλος ἐκκαῇ
Then Nebuchadnezzar was filled with fury, and the appearance of his face was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and he ordered the furnace to be heated seven times more until it was utterly ablaze.
The king's distorted face mirrors his inflamed wrath, and the furnace is heated beyond ordinary measure to dramatize absolute coercion.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπλήσθηwas fulfilledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'was fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄψιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὄψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄψις: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠλλοιώθηwas alteredVCI API3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοιόω: meaning 'was altered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣεδραχShadrachN ASM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN ASM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN ASM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκκαῦσαιekVA AAN · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑπταπλασίωςsevenfoldD · ἑπταπλασίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπταπλασίως: meaning 'sevenfold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκκαῇmight blazeV1 PAS3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'might blaze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
καὶ ἄνδρας ἰσχυροὺς ἰσχύι εἶπεν πεδήσαντας τὸν Σεδραχ Μισαχ καὶ Αβδεναγω ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην
And he commanded certain mighty men of strength to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego and cast them into the burning furnace of fire.
Strong soldiers are chosen to bind and cast the men in, underscoring both the king's force and the helplessness of the accused.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰσχυροὺςmightyA1A APM · ἰσχυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεδήσανταςhaving boundVA · ααπαπμ πεδάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπαπμ πεδάω: meaning 'having bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣεδραχShadrachN ASM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN ASM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN ASM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐμβαλεῖνto castVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'to cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηνburningV1 · πμπασφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
τότε οἱ ἄνδρες ἐκεῖνοι ἐπεδήθησαν σὺν τοῖς σαραβάροις αὐτῶν καὶ τιάραις καὶ περικνημῖσι καὶ ἐνδύμασιν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐβλήθησαν εἰς μέσον τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης
Then those men were bound in their trousers, turbans, leggings, and garments, and were cast into the midst of the burning furnace of fire.
Their full dress is listed as they are thrown in, making the later untouched condition of clothes and bodies more striking.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκεῖνοιthose menRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖνοι: meaning 'those men'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεδήθησανwere boundVCI API3P · πεδάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπεδάω: meaning 'were bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαραβάροιςtrousersN2N DPN · σαράβαραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσαράβαρα: meaning 'trousers'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιάραιςturbansN1A DPF · τιάραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτιάρα: meaning 'turbans'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περικνημῖσιleggingsN3D DPF · περικνημίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπερικνημίς: meaning 'leggings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύμασινgarmentsN3M DPN · ἔνδυμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔνδυμα: meaning 'garments'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβλήθησανwere castVCI API3P · βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω: meaning 'were cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηςkaiomenesV1 · πμπγσφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ καίω: meaning 'kaiomenes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
ἐπεὶ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ βασιλέως ὑπερίσχυεν καὶ ἡ κάμινος ἐξεκαύθη ἐκ περισσοῦ
Because the king's word prevailed and the furnace had been heated beyond measure,
The narrator explains why the furnace becomes lethal even before its intended victims are consumed: royal excess has made it uncontrollably fierce.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπεὶwhenC · ἐπείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπεὶ: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordN3M NSN · ῥῆμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπερίσχυενprevailed stronglyV1I IAI3S · ἰσχύω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἰσχύω + ὑπερ: meaning 'prevailed strongly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινοςfurnaceN2 NSF · κάμινοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξεκαύθηhas been burnedVCI API3S · καίω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαίω + ἐκ: meaning 'has been burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
περισσοῦbeyond measureA1 GSM · περισσόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπερισσός: meaning 'beyond measure'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
καὶ οἱ τρεῖς οὗτοι Σεδραχ Μισαχ καὶ Αβδεναγω ἔπεσον εἰς μέσον τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης πεπεδημένοι
these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, fell bound into the midst of the burning furnace of fire.
The three fall bound into the furnace, apparently at the mercy of the king's sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΣεδραχShadrachN NSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN NSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN NSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἔπεσονfellVBI AAI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηςkaiomenesV1 · πμπγσφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ καίω: meaning 'kaiomenes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεπεδημένοιboundVX · χμπνπμ πεδάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ πεδάω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
καὶ περιεπάτουν ἐν μέσῳ τῆς φλογὸς ὑμνοῦντες τὸν θεὸν καὶ εὐλογοῦντες τὸν κύριον
And they were walking in the midst of the flame, hymning God and blessing the Lord.
Instead of perishing, they are found walking in the flame and already praising God. Judgment space becomes liturgical space.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεπάτουνwere walkingV2I IAI3P · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπατέω + περι: meaning 'were walking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλογὸςflameN3G GSF · φλόξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμνοῦντεςpraisingV2 · παπνπμ ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ὑμνέω: meaning 'praising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογοῦντεςblessingV2 · παπνπμ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εὐλογέω: meaning 'blessing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25
καὶ συστὰς Αζαριας προσηύξατο οὕτως καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ πυρὸς εἶπεν
Then Azariah stood and prayed in this way, and opening his mouth in the midst of the fire he said:
Azariah emerges as spokesman from within the fire. The shift from narrative to prayer marks a deepening from miracle to theological interpretation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συστὰςstanding upVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι + συν: meaning 'standing up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΑζαριαςAzariahN NSM · Αζαριαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑζαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
προσηύξατοprayedVAI AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'prayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίξαςopeningVA · ααπνσμ οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ οἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'opening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
εὐλογητὸς εἶ κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν καὶ αἰνετός καὶ δεδοξασμένον τὸ ὄνομά σου εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you, O Lord, God of our fathers, and praised and glorified is your name forever.
The prayer begins with direct blessing of the God of the fathers, anchoring the exiles in covenant memory even inside the furnace.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνετόςpraisedA1 NSM · αἰνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰνετός: meaning 'praised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεδοξασμένονglorifiedVT · χμπνσν δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν δοξάζω: meaning 'glorified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
27
ὅτι δίκαιος εἶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίησας ἡμῖν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα σου ἀληθινά καὶ εὐθεῖαι αἱ ὁδοί σου καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ κρίσεις σου ἀλήθεια
For you are righteous in all that you have done to us, and all your works are true, and your ways are straight, and all your judgments are truth.
Azariah first vindicates God: divine righteousness and truth, not divine failure, explain Israel's plight.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀληθινάtrueA1 NPN · ἀληθινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθεῖαιstraightA3U NPF · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοίwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσειςjudgmentsN3I NPF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλήθειαtruthN1A NSF · ἀλήθειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
28
καὶ κρίματα ἀληθείας ἐποίησας κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐπήγαγες ἡμῖν καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἁγίαν τὴν τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν Ιερουσαλημ ὅτι ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ κρίσει ἐπήγαγες πάντα ταῦτα διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν
And you have executed true judgments in all that you have brought upon us and upon Jerusalem, the holy city of our fathers; for in truth and judgment you brought all these things upon us because of our sins.
Jerusalem's fall and present suffering are interpreted as just judgment for sin, not as the triumph of Babylonian gods.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίματαjudgmentN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίανholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείᾳtruthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
ὅτι ἡμάρτομεν καὶ ἠνομήσαμεν ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ ἐξημάρτομεν ἐν πᾶσιν καὶ τῶν ἐντολῶν σου οὐκ ἠκούσαμεν
For we sinned and acted lawlessly in departing from you, and we have sinned in all things and have not obeyed your commandments.
The confession becomes explicit: departure from God and disobedience to his commandments stand at the root of the calamity.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμάρτομενI have sinnedVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνομήσαμενyou will act lawlesslyVAI AAI1P · ἀνομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀνομέω: meaning 'you will act lawlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποστῆναιto departVH AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξημάρτομενekVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω + ἐκ: meaning 'ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολῶνcommandmentN1 GPF · ἐντολήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκούσαμενhearVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
οὐδὲ συνετηρήσαμεν οὐδὲ ἐποιήσαμεν καθὼς ἐνετείλω ἡμῖν ἵνα εὖ ἡμῖν γένηται
Neither have we kept them nor done as you commanded us, that it might go well with us.
The people failed both to keep and to do what God commanded for their welfare.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετηρήσαμενwe keptVAI AAI1P · τηρέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτηρέω + συν: meaning 'we kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποιήσαμενhave doneVAI AAI1P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'have done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὼς: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνετείλωinVAI AMI2S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'well'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
31
καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἡμῖν ἐπήγαγες καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησας ἡμῖν ἐν ἀληθινῇ κρίσει ἐποίησας
And all that you brought upon us, and all that you did to us, you did in true judgment.
The same point is restated in comprehensive form: everything God has done has been done in true judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπήγαγεςyou brought onVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθινῇtrueA1 DSF · ἀληθινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀληθινός: meaning 'true'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
32
καὶ παρέδωκας ἡμᾶς εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν ἀνόμων ἐχθίστων ἀποστατῶν καὶ βασιλεῖ ἀδίκῳ καὶ πονηροτάτῳ παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν
And you delivered us into the hands of lawless enemies, the most hateful of rebels, and to an unjust and most wicked king beyond all the earth.
The exile is described as delivery into the hands of hateful apostates and an unjust king, sharpening the pathos of the prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέδωκαςyou deliveredVAI AAI2S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'you delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐχθίστωνmost hatefulN2 GPMS · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'most hateful'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστατῶνrebelN1M GPM · ἀποστάτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀποστάτης: meaning 'rebel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀδίκῳunjustA1B DSM · ἄδικοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηροτάτῳmost wickedA1A DSMS · πονηρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπονηρός: meaning 'most wicked'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
33
καὶ νῦν οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἀνοῖξαι τὸ στόμα αἰσχύνη καὶ ὄνειδος ἐγενήθη τοῖς δούλοις σου καὶ τοῖς σεβομένοις σε
And now there is no opening of mouth for us; shame and reproach have become the lot of your servants and of those who revere you.
Shame silences the community; the petitioners acknowledge their degraded condition before God and the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνοῖξαιopenVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνειδοςoneidosN3E NSN · ὄνειδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνειδος: meaning 'oneidos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservantsN2 DPM · δοῦλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεβομένοιςthose who fearV1 · πμπδπμ σέβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ σέβω: meaning 'those who fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34
μὴ δὴ παραδῷς ἡμᾶς εἰς τέλος διὰ τὸ ὄνομά σου καὶ μὴ διασκεδάσῃς τὴν διαθήκην σου
Do not, then, give us up utterly for your name's sake, and do not scatter your covenant.
The prayer turns from confession to petition, appealing to God's name and covenant fidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδῷςgiveVO AAS2S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκεδάσῃςscatterVA AAS2S · σκεδάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσκεδάζω + δια: meaning 'scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
35
καὶ μὴ ἀποστήσῃς τὸ ἔλεός σου ἀφ' ἡμῶν δι' Αβρααμ τὸν ἠγαπημένον ὑπὸ σοῦ καὶ διὰ Ισαακ τὸν δοῦλόν σου καὶ Ισραηλ τὸν ἅγιόν σου
And do not withdraw your mercy from us, for the sake of Abraham beloved by you, and Isaac your servant, and Israel your holy one,
The appeal is grounded in the patriarchal promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστήσῃςwithdrawVA AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'withdraw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN ASM · Ἀβραάμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβρααμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠγαπημένονbelovedVM · χμπασμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπασμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'beloved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙσαακIsaacN ASM · Ισαακnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόνservantN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιόνholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
36
οἷς ἐλάλησας πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγων πληθῦναι τὸ σπέρμα αὐτῶν ὡς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ὡς τὴν ἄμμον τὴν παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης
to whom you spoke, promising to multiply their seed like the stars of heaven and like the sand on the seashore.
The promise of innumerable descendants intensifies the contrast with the present reduced remnant.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησαςspeakVAI AAI2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πληθῦναιmultipliedVA AAN · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπληθύνω: meaning 'multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄστραstarN2N APN · ἄστρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμμονsandN2 ASF · ἄμμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμμος: meaning 'sand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖλοςshoreN3E ASN · χεῖλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'shore'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
37
ὅτι δέσποτα ἐσμικρύνθημεν παρὰ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καί ἐσμεν ταπεινοὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ σήμερον διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν
For, Master, we have become fewer than all the nations, and today we are brought low in all the earth because of our sins.
Exilic diminishment is confessed as the fruit of sin, not bad luck.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέσποταmasterN1M VSM · δεσπότηςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressδεσπότης: meaning 'master'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐσμικρύνθημενwe were made fewVCI API1P · μικρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμικρύνω: meaning 'we were made few'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καίandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσμενbeV9 PAI1P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταπεινοὶlowlyA1 NPM · ταπεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταπεινός: meaning 'lowly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
38
καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ ἄρχων καὶ προφήτης καὶ ἡγούμενος οὐδὲ ὁλοκαύτωσις οὐδὲ θυσία οὐδὲ προσφορὰ οὐδὲ θυμίαμα οὐ τόπος τοῦ καρπῶσαι ἐναντίον σου καὶ εὑρεῖν ἔλεος
And at this time there is no ruler, no prophet, no leader, no whole burnt offering, no sacrifice, no oblation, no incense, no place to present firstfruits before you and to find mercy.
Temple, sacrifice, leadership, and cultic access are all absent; the prayer voices liturgy from deprivation.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄρχωνruler / leaderN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγούμενοςa prince / leaderV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'a prince'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁλοκαύτωσιςburnt offeringN3I NSF · ὁλοκαύτωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωσις: meaning 'burnt offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσφορὰofferingN1A NSF · προσφοράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσφορά: meaning 'offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμίαμαincense offeringN3M NSN · θυμίαμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμίαμα: meaning 'incense offering'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπῶσαιbring firstfruitsVA AAN · καρπόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαρπόω: meaning 'bring firstfruits'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεῖνto findVB AAN · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὑρίσκω: meaning 'to find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
39
ἀλλ' ἐν ψυχῇ συντετριμμένῃ καὶ πνεύματι ταπεινώσεως προσδεχθείημεν ὡς ἐν ὁλοκαυτώμασιν κριῶν καὶ ταύρων καὶ ὡς ἐν μυριάσιν ἀρνῶν πιόνων
But with a contrite soul and a spirit of humility may we be accepted, as though with whole burnt offerings of rams and bulls and with tens of thousands of fat lambs.
In the absence of sacrificial means, contrition itself is offered as worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συντετριμμένῃbrokenVP · χμπδσφ τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπδσφ τρίβω + συν: meaning 'broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεύματιspiritN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταπεινώσεωςafflictionN3I GSF · ταπείνωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταπείνωσις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσδεχθείημενmay we be acceptedVQ APO1P · δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'may we be accepted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώμασινwhole burnt offeringsN3M DPN · ὁλοκαύτωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὁλοκαύτωμα: meaning 'whole burnt offerings'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κριῶνbattering ramN2 GPM · κριόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκριός: meaning 'battering ram'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταύρωνof bullsN2 GPM · ταῦροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταῦρος: meaning 'of bulls'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μυριάσινtens of thousandsN3D DPF · μυριάςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμυριάς: meaning 'tens of thousands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀρνῶνlambN3 GPM · ἀρνόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρνός: meaning 'lamb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πιόνωνfattenedA3N GPM · πίωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπίων: meaning 'fattened'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
40
οὕτως γενέσθω θυσία ἡμῶν ἐνώπιόν σου σήμερον καὶ ἐκτελέσαι ὄπισθέν σου ὅτι οὐκ ἔσται αἰσχύνη τοῖς πεποιθόσιν ἐπὶ σοί
So may our sacrifice be before you today, and may it be brought to completion in following after you, for there will be no shame for those who trust in you.
The worshipers ask that this broken-hearted offering be accepted like full sacrifice and that trust in God not end in shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενέσθωbecome / happenVB AMD3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτελέσαιbring to completionVA AAN · τελέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτελέω + ἐκ: meaning 'bring to completion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄπισθένbehindP · ὄπισθενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὄπισθέν: meaning 'behind'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθόσινpeithoVX · χαπδπμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπδπμ πείθω: meaning 'peitho'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
41
καὶ νῦν ἐξακολουθοῦμεν ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ καὶ φοβούμεθά σε καὶ ζητοῦμεν τὸ πρόσωπόν σου μὴ καταισχύνῃς ἡμᾶς
And now we follow you with all our heart, and we fear you and seek your face; do not put us to shame.
The prayer now speaks of present pursuit: following, fearing, and seeking God with the whole heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξακολουθοῦμενwe follow afterV2 PAI1P · ἀκολουθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκολουθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'we follow after'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅλῃὅλοςA1 DSF · ὅλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅλος: meaning 'ὅλος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβούμεθάwe fearV2 PMI1P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφοβέω: meaning 'we fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητοῦμενseekV2 PAI1P · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζητέω: meaning 'seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταισχύνῃςyou may disgraceV1 PAS2S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'you may disgrace'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
42
ἀλλὰ ποίησον μεθ' ἡμῶν κατὰ τὴν ἐπιείκειάν σου καὶ κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ἐλέους σου
But deal with us according to your gentleness and according to the abundance of your mercy.
The appeal is recast in terms of God's gentleness and abundant mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιείκειάνkindnessN1A ASF · ἐπιείκειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιείκεια: meaning 'kindness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E GSN · ἔλεοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
43
καὶ ἐξελοῦ ἡμᾶς κατὰ τὰ θαυμάσιά σου καὶ δὸς δόξαν τῷ ὀνόματί σου κύριε
And deliver us according to your wonders, and give glory to your name, O Lord.
Deliverance is requested not only for survival but for the vindication of the divine name.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελοῦdeliverVB AMD2S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιάwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
44
καὶ ἐντραπείησαν πάντες οἱ ἐνδεικνύμενοι τοῖς δούλοις σου κακὰ καὶ καταισχυνθείησαν ἀπὸ πάσης δυνάμεως καὶ δυναστείας καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτῶν συντριβείη
And let all who show evils to your servants be put to shame, and let them be confounded in all their power and dominion, and let their strength be broken.
The enemies who shame God's servants are asked to receive reciprocal shame and the breaking of power.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντραπείησανlet them be shamedVD APO3P · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'let them be shamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεικνύμενοιdisplayingV5 · πμπνπμ δεικνύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ δεικνύω + ἐν: meaning 'displaying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservantsN2 DPM · δοῦλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κακὰevilsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταισχυνθείησανlet them be disgracedVC APO3P · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'let them be disgraced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυναστείαςDynasteiasN1A GSF · δυναστείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυναστεία: meaning 'Dynasteias'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συντριβείηlet it be brokenVD APO3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτρίβω + συν: meaning 'let it be broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
45
γνώτωσαν ὅτι σὺ εἶ κύριος ὁ θεὸς μόνος καὶ ἔνδοξος ἐφ' ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην
Let them know that you alone are the Lord God, glorious over the whole inhabited earth.
The climax of the prayer is universal recognition that the Lord alone is God over the whole world.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γνώτωσανlet ... knowVZ AAD3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγιγνώσκω: meaning 'let ... know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνδοξοςhonored / held in honorA1B NSM · ἔνδοξοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔνδοξος: meaning 'honored'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνinhabitV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
46
καὶ οὐ διέλειπον οἱ ἐμβαλόντες αὐτοὺς ὑπηρέται τοῦ βασιλέως καίοντες τὴν κάμινον νάφθαν καὶ πίσσαν καὶ στιππύον καὶ κληματίδα
And the king's servants who had cast them in did not cease stoking the furnace with naphtha and pitch and tow and brushwood.
The narrative resumes by noting the king's servants ceaselessly feeding the fire with combustible materials.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέλειπονceasedV1I IAI3P · λείπω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλείπω + δια: meaning 'ceased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐμβαλόντεςthose who castVB · ααπνπμ βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ βάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'those who cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπηρέταιservantN1M NPM · ὑπηρέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπηρέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καίοντεςstokingV1 · παπνπμ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ καίω: meaning 'stoking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νάφθανnaphthaN1A ASF · νάφθαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνάφθα: meaning 'naphtha'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίσσανpitchN1A ASF · πίσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπίσσα: meaning 'pitch'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στιππύονtowN2N ASN · στιππύονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστιππύον: meaning 'tow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληματίδαbrushwoodN3D ASF · κληματίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληματίς: meaning 'brushwood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
47
καὶ διεχεῖτο ἡ φλὸξ ἐπάνω τῆς καμίνου ἐπὶ πήχεις τεσσαράκοντα ἐννέα
And the flame poured out above the furnace to the height of forty-nine cubits.
The flame surges outward to an extraordinary height, emphasizing that what follows is unmistakably miraculous.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεχεῖτοpoured outV2I IMI3S · χέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχέω + δια: meaning 'poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλὸξa flameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφλόξ: meaning 'a flame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπάνωupon / aboveP · ἐπάνωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπάνω: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πήχειςcubitsN3 NPM · πῆχυςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῆχυς: meaning 'cubits'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεσσαράκονταfortyM · τεσσαράκονταadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτεσσαράκοντα: meaning 'forty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐννέαnineM · ἐννέαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐννέα: meaning 'nine'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
48
καὶ διώδευσεν καὶ ἐνεπύρισεν οὓς εὗρεν περὶ τὴν κάμινον τῶν Χαλδαίων
And it swept through and burned up those Chaldeans whom it found around the furnace.
The fire destroys the Chaldeans around the furnace rather than the faithful inside it, a reversal of expected judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διώδευσενtraveled throughVAI AAI3S · ὁδεύω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁδεύω + δια: meaning 'traveled through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεπύρισενburnedVAI AAI3S · πυρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansN2 GPM · Χαλδαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΧαλδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
49
ὁ δὲ ἄγγελος κυρίου συγκατέβη ἅμα τοῖς περὶ τὸν Αζαριαν εἰς τὴν κάμινον καὶ ἐξετίναξεν τὴν φλόγα τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκ τῆς καμίνου
But the angel of the Lord came down together with those around Azariah into the furnace and shook the fiery flame out of the furnace.
The angel of the Lord descends into the furnace with Azariah and expels the flame's power from their midst.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συγκατέβηwent down withVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + συν + κατα: meaning 'went down with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑζαριανAzariahN ASM · Αζαριαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑζαριαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASF · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξετίναξενshook outVAI AAI3S · τινάσσω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτινάσσω + ἐκ: meaning 'shook out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλόγαflameN3G ASF · φλόξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
50
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ μέσον τῆς καμίνου ὡς πνεῦμα δρόσου διασυρίζον καὶ οὐχ ἥψατο αὐτῶν τὸ καθόλου τὸ πῦρ καὶ οὐκ ἐλύπησεν οὐδὲ παρηνώχλησεν αὐτοῖς
And he made the midst of the furnace like the whistling of a dewy wind, and the fire did not touch them at all, nor trouble them, nor annoy them.
The furnace interior becomes like a dew-laden breeze. The three are not touched, harmed, or even distressed.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δρόσουdewN2 GSF · δρόσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διασυρίζονwhistlingV1 · παπνσν συρίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν συρίζω + δια: meaning 'whistling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥψατοtouchVAI AMI3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἅπτομαι: meaning 'touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθόλουat allD · καθόλουadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθόλου: meaning 'at all'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλύπησενharmedVAI AAI3S · λυπέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλυπέω: meaning 'harmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρηνώχλησενtroubledVAI AAI3S · ὀχλέω + παρα + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀχλέω + παρα + ἐν: meaning 'troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
51
τότε οἱ τρεῖς ὡς ἐξ ἑνὸς στόματος ὕμνουν καὶ ἐδόξαζον καὶ εὐλόγουν τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῇ καμίνῳ λέγοντες
Then the three, as from one mouth, were hymning and glorifying and blessing God in the furnace, saying:
The three now speak with one mouth, moving from penitential prayer to communal cosmic doxology.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑνὸςoneA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὕμνουνthey were hymningV2I IAI3P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὑμνέω: meaning 'they were hymning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδόξαζονwere glorifyingV1I IAI3P · δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδοξάζω: meaning 'were glorifying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγουνblessV2 IAI3P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνῳfurnaceN2 DSF · κάμινοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκάμινος: meaning 'furnace'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
52
εὐλογητὸς εἶ κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν καὶ αἰνετὸς καὶ ὑπερυψούμενος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας καὶ εὐλογημένον τὸ ὄνομα τῆς δόξης σου τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ὑπεραινετὸν καὶ ὑπερυψούμενον εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you, O Lord, God of our fathers, and to be praised and highly exalted forever; and blessed is the name of your glory, holy and to be greatly praised and highly exalted forever.
The hymn opens by blessing the God of the fathers and the holy, glorious name, establishing the doxological refrain that will govern the whole song.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνετὸςpraisedA1 NSM · αἰνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰνετός: meaning 'praised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψούμενοςhighly exaltedV4 · πππνσμ ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνσμ ὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογημένονblessedVM · χππνσν εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσν εὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyA1A NSN · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπεραινετὸνhighly praisedA1 NSN · ὑπεραινετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπεραινετός: meaning 'highly praised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψούμενονhighly exaltedV4 · παπνσν ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν ὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
53
εὐλογημένος εἶ ἐν τῷ ναῷ τῆς ἁγίας δόξης σου καὶ ὑπερυμνητὸς καὶ ὑπερένδοξος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you in the temple of your holy glory, and highly hymned and exceedingly glorious forever.
Praise rises to God enthroned in the temple of glory, linking heavenly praise with cultic language.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εὐλογημένοςχππνσμ εὐλογέωVM · χππνσμ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ εὐλογέω: meaning 'χππνσμ εὐλογέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναῷtempleN2 DSM · ναόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίαςholyA1A GSF · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυμνητὸςhighly hymnedA1 NSM · ὑπερυμνητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερυμνητός: meaning 'highly hymned'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερένδοξοςexceedingly gloriousA1B NSM · ὑπερένδοξοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερένδοξος: meaning 'exceedingly glorious'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
55
εὐλογημένος εἶ ὁ ἐπιβλέπων ἀβύσσους καθήμενος ἐπὶ χερουβιν καὶ αἰνετὸς καὶ ὑπερυψούμενος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you who look into the depths, seated upon the cherubim, and to be praised and highly exalted forever.
God who looks into the depths and sits upon the cherubim is praised as transcendent over cosmic and temple imagery alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εὐλογημένοςχππνσμ εὐλογέωVM · χππνσμ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ εὐλογέω: meaning 'χππνσμ εὐλογέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιβλέπωνlook backV1 · παπνσμ βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ βλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀβύσσουςdepthsN2 APF · ἄβυσσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄβυσσος: meaning 'depths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καθήμενοςπμπνσμ ἧμαιV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνσμ ἧμαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN APN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνετὸςpraisedA1 NSM · αἰνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰνετός: meaning 'praised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψούμενοςhighly exaltedV4 · παπνσμ ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
54
εὐλογημένος εἶ ἐπὶ θρόνου τῆς βασιλείας σου καὶ ὑπερυμνητὸς καὶ ὑπερυψούμενος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you upon the throne of your kingdom, and highly celebrated and highly exalted forever.
The throne of the kingdom is blessed, stressing God's sovereign reign over every earthly kingship.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐλογημένοςχππνσμ εὐλογέωVM · χππνσμ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ εὐλογέω: meaning 'χππνσμ εὐλογέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυμνητὸςhighly hymnedA1 NSM · ὑπερυμνητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερυμνητός: meaning 'highly hymned'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψούμενοςhighly exaltedV4 · παπνσμ ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
56
εὐλογημένος εἶ ἐν τῷ στερεώματι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ὑμνητὸς καὶ δεδοξασμένος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Blessed are you in the firmament of heaven, and to be hymned and glorified forever.
The heavenly firmament itself becomes a setting for praise, bridging throne-room vision and cosmic liturgy.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐλογημένοςχππνσμ εὐλογέωVM · χππνσμ εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ εὐλογέω: meaning 'χππνσμ εὐλογέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στερεώματιfirmamentN3M DSN · στερέωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστερέωμα: meaning 'firmament'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμνητὸςto be hymnedA1 NSM · ὑμνητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑμνητός: meaning 'to be hymned'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεδοξασμένοςglorifiedVT · χμπνσμ δοξάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ δοξάζω: meaning 'glorified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
57
εὐλογεῖτε πάντα τὰ ἔργα κυρίου τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all works of the Lord; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons all the works of the Lord to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
59
εὐλογεῖτε οὐρανοί τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, heavens; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons heavens to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐρανοίοὐρανόςN2 NPM · οὐρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'οὐρανός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
58
εὐλογεῖτε ἄγγελοι κυρίου τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, angels of the Lord; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons angels of the Lord to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄγγελοιmessengerN2 NPM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'messenger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
60
εὐλογεῖτε ὕδατα πάντα τὰ ἐπάνω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all waters above the heaven; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons waters above the heaven to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδαταwaterN3T NPN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπάνωupon / aboveP · ἐπάνωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπάνω: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
61
εὐλογεῖτε πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all powers; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons all powers to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειςforcesN3I NPF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'forces'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
62
εὐλογεῖτε ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, sun and moon; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons sun and moon to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σελήνηmoonN1 NSF · σελήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσελήνη: meaning 'moon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
63
εὐλογεῖτε ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, stars of heaven; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons stars of heaven to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄστραstarN2N NPN · ἄστρονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
64
εὐλογεῖτε πᾶς ὄμβρος καὶ δρόσος τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, every rain shower and dew; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons every rain shower and dew to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄμβροςshowerN2 NSM · ὄμβροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄμβρος: meaning 'shower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δρόσοςdewN2 NSF · δρόσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδρόσος: meaning 'dew'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
65
εὐλογεῖτε πάντα τὰ πνεύματα τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all winds; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons all winds to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεύματαwindsN3M NPN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'winds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
66
εὐλογεῖτε πῦρ καὶ καῦμα τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, fire and heat; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons fire and heat to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καῦμαheatN3M NSN · καῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαῦμα: meaning 'heat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
67
εὐλογεῖτε ψῦχος καὶ καύσων τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, cold and burning heat; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons cold and burning heat to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψῦχοςcoldN3E NSN · ψῦχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψῦχος: meaning 'cold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καύσωνκαύσωνN3W NSM · καύσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύσων: meaning 'καύσων'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
68
εὐλογεῖτε δρόσοι καὶ νιφετοί τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, dews and snows; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons dews and snows to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δρόσοιdewsN2 NPF · δρόσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδρόσος: meaning 'dews'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νιφετοίsnowstormsN2 NPM · νιφετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνιφετός: meaning 'snowstorms'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
71
εὐλογεῖτε νύκτες καὶ ἡμέραι τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, nights and days; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons nights and days to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νύκτεςnightsN3 NPF · νύξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνύξ: meaning 'nights'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
72
εὐλογεῖτε φῶς καὶ σκότος τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, light and darkness; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons light and darkness to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
69
εὐλογεῖτε πάγος καὶ ψῦχος τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, frost and cold; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons frost and cold to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάγοςfrostN2 NSM · πάγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάγος: meaning 'frost'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψῦχοςcoldN3E NSN · ψῦχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψῦχος: meaning 'cold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
70
εὐλογεῖτε πάχναι καὶ χιόνες τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, ice and snows; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons ice and snows to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάχναιfrostsN1 NPF · πάχνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπάχνη: meaning 'frosts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιόνεςsnowsN3N NPF · χιώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχιών: meaning 'snows'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
73
εὐλογεῖτε ἀστραπαὶ καὶ νεφέλαι τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, lightnings and clouds; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons lightnings and clouds to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀστραπαὶlightningN1 NPF · ἀστραπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀστραπή: meaning 'lightning'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεφέλαιcloudsN1 NPF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
74
εὐλογείτω ἡ γῆ τὸν κύριον ὑμνείτω καὶ ὑπερυψούτω αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Let the earth bless the Lord; let it hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons the earth to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλογείτωlet it blessV2 PAD3S · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'let it bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνείτωlet ... hymnV2 PAD3S · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'let ... hymn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψούτωlet ... highly exaltV4 PAD3S · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'let ... highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
75
εὐλογεῖτε ὄρη καὶ βουνοί τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, mountains and hills; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons mountains and hills to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουνοίhillsN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουνός: meaning 'hills'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
76
εὐλογεῖτε πάντα τὰ φυόμενα ἐν τῇ γῇ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all things that grow in the earth; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons all things growing in the earth to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυόμεναgrowing thingsV1 · πμπVπν φύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπVπν φύω: meaning 'growing things'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
78
εὐλογεῖτε θάλασσαι καὶ ποταμοί τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, seas and rivers; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons seas and rivers to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θάλασσαιseasN1S NPF · θάλασσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: meaning 'seas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμοίriversN2 NPM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'rivers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
77
εὐλογεῖτε αἱ πηγαί τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, springs; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons springs to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγαίspringsN1 NPF · πηγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπηγή: meaning 'springs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
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εὐλογεῖτε κήτη καὶ πάντα τὰ κινούμενα ἐν τοῖς ὕδασιν τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, sea creatures and all things moving in the waters; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons sea creatures and all things moving in the waters to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κήτηsea creaturesN3E NPN · κῆτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκῆτος: meaning 'sea creatures'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κινούμεναmoving thingsV2 · πμπVπν κινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπVπν κινέω: meaning 'moving things'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδασινwatersN3T DPN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
80
εὐλογεῖτε πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all birds of heaven; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons all birds of heaven to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινὰbirdsN2N NPN · πετεινόνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
81
εὐλογεῖτε πάντα τὰ θηρία καὶ τὰ κτήνη τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, all wild beasts and cattle; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons all wild beasts and cattle to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίαwild beastsN2N NPN · θηρίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθηρίον: meaning 'wild beasts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηcattleN3E NPN · κτῆνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
82
εὐλογεῖτε οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, sons of men; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons the sons of men to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
83
εὐλογεῖτε Ισραηλ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, Israel; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons Israel to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
84
εὐλογεῖτε ἱερεῖς κυρίου τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, priests of the Lord; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons priests of the Lord to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
85
εὐλογεῖτε δοῦλοι κυρίου τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, servants of the Lord; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons servants of the Lord to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
86
εὐλογεῖτε πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, spirits and souls of the righteous; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons spirits and souls of the righteous to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνεύματαwindsN3M NPN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'winds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχαὶsoul / lifeN1 NPF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
87
εὐλογεῖτε ὅσιοι καὶ ταπεινοὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Bless the Lord, holy and humble of heart; hymn him and highly exalt him forever.
This refrain summons holy and humble of heart to bless, hymn, and highly exalt the Lord forever. The song widens praise from heavenly realms through creation to covenant community and the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅσιοιholy onesA1A NPM · ὅσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινοὶlowlyA1 NPM · ταπεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταπεινός: meaning 'lowly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
88
εὐλογεῖτε Ανανια Αζαρια Μισαηλ τὸν κύριον ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ὑπερυψοῦτε αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ὅτι ἐξείλατο ἡμᾶς ἐξ ᾅδου καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς θανάτου ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς ἐκ μέσου καμίνου καιομένης φλογὸς καὶ ἐκ μέσου πυρὸς ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς
Bless the Lord, Hananiah, Azariah, and Mishael; hymn him and highly exalt him forever, because he delivered us from Hades and saved us from the hand of death and rescued us from the midst of the burning fiery furnace, and from the midst of the fire he delivered us.
The singers finally name themselves by their Judean names and testify to concrete deliverance from Hades, death, and the furnace. Cosmic praise resolves into personal thanksgiving.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΑνανιαHananiahN VSM · Ανανιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑνανια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑζαριαAzariahN VSM · Αζαριαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑζαρια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαηλMishaelN VSM · Μισαηλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψοῦτεhighly exaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'highly exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξείλατοdeliveredVBI AMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔσωσενsave / deliverVAI AAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρύσατοrescueVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουthe midstA1 GSM · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'the midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καιομένηςkaiomenesV1 · πμπγσφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ καίω: meaning 'kaiomenes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φλογὸςflameN3G GSF · φλόξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφλόξ: meaning 'flame'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουthe midstA1 GSM · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'the midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐρρύσατοrescueVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
89
ἐξομολογεῖσθε τῷ κυρίῳ ὅτι χρηστός ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ
Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good, for his mercy endures forever.
The hymn condenses into the familiar mercy refrain: the Lord is good and his mercy endures forever.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐξομολογεῖσθεgive thanksV2 PMD2P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρηστόςgoodA1 NSM · χρηστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρηστός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
90
εὐλογεῖτε πάντες οἱ σεβόμενοι τὸν κύριον τὸν θεὸν τῶν θεῶν ὑμνεῖτε καὶ ἐξομολογεῖσθε ὅτι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ
Bless the Lord, all who revere the Lord, the God of gods; hymn him and give thanks, for his mercy endures forever.
All God-fearers are gathered into one final call to praise and thanksgiving, bringing the liturgical section to its close.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAD2P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεβόμενοιthose fearingV1 · πμπνπμ σέβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ σέβω: meaning 'those fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῶνGodN2 GPM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμνεῖτεsing praiseV2 PAD2P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑμνέω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογεῖσθεgive thanksV2 PMD2P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
91
καὶ Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἤκουσεν ὑμνούντων αὐτῶν καὶ ἐθαύμασεν καὶ ἐξανέστη ἐν σπουδῇ καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ ἄνδρας τρεῖς ἐβάλομεν εἰς μέσον τοῦ πυρὸς πεπεδημένους καὶ εἶπαν τῷ βασιλεῖ ἀληθῶς βασιλεῦ
And Nebuchadnezzar heard them hymning and marveled, and he rose up in haste and said to his nobles, Did we not cast three men bound into the midst of the fire? And they said to the king, Truly, O king.
Nebuchadnezzar hears the singing and is astonished. The miracle is mediated to him not only by sight but by liturgical sound.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἤκουσενheardVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμνούντωνhymningV2 · παπγπμ ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ὑμνέω: meaning 'hymning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθαύμασενmarveledVAI AAI3S · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθαυμάζω: meaning 'marveled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξανέστηrose upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀνα: meaning 'rose up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπουδῇhasteN1 DSF · σπουδήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσπουδή: meaning 'haste'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγιστᾶσινmagnateN3 DPM · μεγιστάνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμεγιστάν: meaning 'magnate'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APM · τρεῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐβάλομενballoVBI AAI1P · βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω: meaning 'ballo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεπεδημένουςboundVX · χμπαπμ πεδάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπμ πεδάω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀληθῶςtrulyD · ἀληθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀληθῶς: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
92
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεύς ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ὁρῶ ἄνδρας τέσσαρας λελυμένους καὶ περιπατοῦντας ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ πυρός καὶ διαφθορὰ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἡ ὅρασις τοῦ τετάρτου ὁμοία υἱῷ θεοῦ
And the king said, Behold, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and there is no destruction in them, and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of God.
The king sees four unbound men walking unharmed in the fire and describes the fourth with exalted son-of-God language. The divine deliverance becomes publicly visible.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁρῶseeV3 PAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τέσσαραςfourA3 APM · τέσσαρεςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λελυμένουςloosedVM · χμπαπμ λύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπμ λύω: meaning 'loosed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπατοῦνταςwalkingV2 · παπαπμ πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ πατέω + περι: meaning 'walking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρόςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαφθορὰharmN1A NSF · διαφθοράnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιαφθορά: meaning 'harm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρασιςvisionN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτουfourthA1 GSM · τέταρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέταρτος: meaning 'fourth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁμοίαlikeA1A NSF · ὅμοιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅμοιος: meaning 'like'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
93
τότε προσῆλθεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ πρὸς τὴν θύραν τῆς καμίνου τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης καὶ εἶπεν Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου ἐξέλθετε καὶ δεῦτε καὶ ἐξῆλθον Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω ἐκ μέσου τοῦ πυρός
Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the door of the burning furnace of fire and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, servants of the Most High God, come out and come here. And Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego came out from the midst of the fire.
Nebuchadnezzar now addresses the three as servants of the Most High God, a sharp reversal from his earlier challenge.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσῆλθενcame forwardVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'came forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoorN1A ASF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καμίνουkaminosN2 GSF · κάμινοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάμινος: meaning 'kaminos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιομένηςkaiomenesV1 · πμπγσφ καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ καίω: meaning 'kaiomenes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣεδραχShadrachN VSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN VSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN VSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA VPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιservantsN2 VPM · δοῦλοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξέλθετεekVB AAD2P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεῦτεcomeD · δεῦτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦτε: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθονcame outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣεδραχShadrachN NSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN NSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN NSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουthe midstA1 GSM · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'the midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρόςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
94
καὶ συνάγονται οἱ σατράπαι καὶ οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ οἱ τοπάρχαι καὶ οἱ δυνάσται τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐθεώρουν τοὺς ἄνδρας ὅτι οὐκ ἐκυρίευσεν τὸ πῦρ τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ θρὶξ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐφλογίσθη καὶ τὰ σαράβαρα αὐτῶν οὐκ ἠλλοιώθη καὶ ὀσμὴ πυρὸς οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς
And the satraps and generals and local rulers and the king's mighty men gathered together and observed the men, that the fire had not mastered their bodies, and the hair of their head was not singed, and their trousers were not altered, and the smell of fire was not upon them.
Officials inspect the men and find no bodily harm, no singed hair, no altered garments, and not even the smell of fire. The miracle is subjected to public empirical confirmation.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνάγονταιare gatheredV1 PMI3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + συν: meaning 'are gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σατράπαιsatrapsN1M NPM · σατράπηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσατράπης: meaning 'satraps'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὶgeneralN2 NPM · στρατηγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοπάρχαιlocal rulersN1M NPM · τοπαρχήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοπαρχής: meaning 'local rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάσταιmighty manN1M NPM · δυνάστηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυνάστης: meaning 'mighty man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθεώρουνthey saw / beheldV2I IAI3P · θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθεωρέω: meaning 'they saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκυρίευσενtook control ofVAI AAI3S · κυριεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκυριεύω: meaning 'took control of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σώματοςsomatosN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσῶμα: meaning 'somatos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρὶξhairN3 NSF · θρίξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρίξ: meaning 'hair'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφλογίσθηwas singedVCI API3S · φλογίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφλογίζω: meaning 'was singed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαράβαραtrousersN2N NPN · σαράβαραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσαράβαρα: meaning 'trousers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλλοιώθηwas alteredVCI API3S · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοιόω: meaning 'was altered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴfragranceN1 NSF · ὀσμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀσμή: meaning 'fragrance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
95
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Ναβουχοδονοσορ καὶ εἶπεν εὐλογητὸς ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω ὃς ἀπέστειλεν τὸν ἄγγελον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξείλατο τοὺς παῖδας αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἐπεποίθεισαν ἐπ' αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ βασιλέως ἠλλοίωσαν καὶ παρέδωκαν τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν εἰς πῦρ ὅπως μὴ λατρεύσωσιν μηδὲ προσκυνήσωσιν παντὶ θεῷ ἀλλ' ἢ τῷ θεῷ αὐτῶν
And Nebuchadnezzar answered and said, Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who sent his angel and delivered his servants because they trusted in him and changed the king's word and gave over their bodies to the fire, so that they might not serve or worship any god except their own God.
The king blesses the God of the three, acknowledges angelic deliverance, and honors their refusal to worship any god but their own.
Word-by-word analysis· 51 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣεδραχSedrachN GSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN GSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN GSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελονangelN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξείλατοdeliveredVBI AMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεποίθεισανtrustedVXI YAI3P · πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπείθω: meaning 'trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἠλλοίωσανalteredVAI AAI3P · ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλλοιόω: meaning 'altered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέδωκανhanded overVAI AAI3P · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'handed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σώματαbodyN3M APN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύσωσινthey might serveVA AAS3P · λατρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλατρεύω: meaning 'they might serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'and do not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσωσινthey might worshipVA AAS3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκυνέω + προς: meaning 'they might worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
96
καὶ ἐγὼ ἐκτίθεμαι δόγμα πᾶς λαός φυλή γλῶσσα ἣ ἂν εἴπῃ βλασφημίαν κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω εἰς ἀπώλειαν ἔσονται καὶ οἱ οἶκοι αὐτῶν εἰς διαρπαγήν καθότι οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς ἕτερος ὅστις δυνήσεται ῥύσασθαι οὕτως
And I issue a decree: every people, tribe, and language that speaks blasphemy against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego shall be destroyed, and their houses made a spoil, because there is no other god who is able to rescue in this way.
Nebuchadnezzar issues a new decree: blasphemy against the God of the three will bring destruction, because no other god rescues in this way. Imperial law is forced to acknowledge divine uniqueness.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκτίθεμαιI issueV7 PMI1S · τίθημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτίθημι + ἐκ: meaning 'I issue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόγμαdogmaN3M ASN · δόγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόγμα: meaning 'dogma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φυλήtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γλῶσσαtongueN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἣwhichRR NSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπῃsayVB AAS3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βλασφημίανblasphemyN1A ASF · βλασφημίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβλασφημία: meaning 'blasphemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣεδραχSedrachN GSM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN GSM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN GSM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοιhouseN2 NPM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαρπαγήνplunderingN1 ASF · διαρπαγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαρπαγή: meaning 'plundering'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καθότιbecauseD · καθότιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἕτεροςotherA1A NSM · ἕτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕτερος: meaning 'other'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅστιςwhoRX NSM · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant referenceὅστις: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δυνήσεταιwill be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'will be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥύσασθαιrescueVA AMN · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
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τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς κατεύθυνεν τὸν Σεδραχ Μισαχ Αβδεναγω ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ Βαβυλῶνος καὶ ἠξίωσεν αὐτοὺς ἡγεῖσθαι πάντων τῶν Ιουδαίων τῶν ὄντων ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ
Then the king advanced Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the province of Babylon and deemed them worthy to govern all the Jews who were in his kingdom.
Closes with the advancement of the faithful witnesses. Refusal to bow before the image becomes the path to greater public honor in Babylon.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατεύθυνενadvancedV1 IAI3S · εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'advanced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣεδραχShadrachN ASM · Σεδραχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣεδραχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΜισαχMeshachN ASM · Μισαχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜισαχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΑβδεναγωAbednegoN ASM · Αβδεναγωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑβδεναγω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώρᾳcountryN1A DSF · χώραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχώρα: meaning 'country'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠξίωσενaskedVAI AAI3S · ἀξιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀξιόω: meaning 'asked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡγεῖσθαιto rankV2 PMN · ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἡγέομαι: meaning 'to rank'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙουδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄντωνbeV9 · παπγπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ εἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.