Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 11ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝΟΜΙΟΝ ΙΑ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Deuteronomy 11 is the rhetorical climax of Moses' first great parenesis (chs. 5–11): an extended exhortation to love (ἀγαπήσεις, v.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Deuteronomy 11 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Deuteronomy 11 is the rhetorical climax of Moses' first great parenesis (chs. 5–11): an extended exhortation to love (ἀγαπήσεις, v. 1) and obey YHWH grounded in what Israel's own eyes have seen — the παιδεία ('discipline / instruction') of the Exodus, the χεὶρ κραταιά and βραχίων ὑψηλός ('mighty hand and outstretched arm'), the drowning of the Egyptian host in the Red Sea, the wilderness, and the swallowing of Dathan and Abiram (vv. 2–7). The chapter then unfolds the theology of the land in a striking contrast (vv. 10–12): unlike Egypt, irrigated 'by foot' (ποτίζωσιν τοῖς ποσίν) like a vegetable garden, the promised land is γῆ ὀρεινὴ καὶ πεδινή ('a land of mountains and plains') that drinks water ἐκ τοῦ ὑετοῦ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ('from the rain of heaven'), a land which the LORD ἐπισκοπεῖται ('watches over'), his eyes upon it continually from the beginning of the year to its end. The conditional rain-theology follows: obedience brings the early and latter rain (ὑετὸν πρόιμον καὶ ὄψιμον, v. 14; cf. Jas 5:7) and abundant grain, wine, and oil; apostasy provokes YHWH to shut up heaven so there is no rain and the land yields no fruit (vv. 13–17). The second Shema-paragraph follows (vv. 18–21; cf. 6:6–9): lay up these words in heart and soul, bind them as a sign on the hand and immovable before the eyes, teach them to the children, write them on the doorposts and gates — 'that your days may be multiplied … as the days of heaven upon the earth.' A renewed conditional promise of total conquest and borders from the wilderness to the Euphrates and the western sea follows (vv. 22–25), and the chapter closes with the great two-ways antithesis (vv. 26–32): 'Behold, I set before you today a blessing and a curse' (εὐλογίαν καὶ κατάραν) — the blessing to be pronounced on Mount Gerizim, the curse on Mount Ebal (Γαριζιν / Γαιβαλ; cf. chs. 27–28), as Israel crosses the Jordan to inherit the land.

1

καὶ ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου καὶ φυλάξῃ τὰ φυλάγματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ δικαιώματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς κρίσεις αὐτοῦ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας

And you shall love the LORD your God and keep his charge and his ordinances and his judgments all the days.

Hortatory opening: the cardinal covenant demand (new paragraph)καὶ ἀγαπήσεις
The chapter opens with the second-person singular ἀγαπήσεις, a directive future continuing the love-command of 6:5 and 10:12; the paratactic καί links it to the preceding exhortation. The piling of near-synonyms — φυλάγματα, δικαιώματα, κρίσεις — is a characteristic Deuteronomic comprehensiveness, and πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ('all the days') frames covenant obedience as a lifelong, unbroken posture.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (paratactic link to preceding exhortation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαπήσειςyou shall loveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀγαπάωmain verb (directive future: covenant command)→ directive future (volitive: imperatival force)ἀγαπάω: 'love'; renders אָהַב; the second-person future used as a command is the standard LXX rendering of the Hebrew imperfect with imperatival force; the love-command continues the great Deuteronomic theme of 6:5 (ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου) — covenant love expressed concretely as obedience.
κύριονthe LORDAccusativedirect object of ἀγαπήσεις→ object specificationκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here the accusative object of covenant love — the personal God of Israel, not an abstract deity.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (in apposition with κύριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; the appositional 'the LORD your God' (κύριον τὸν θεόν σου) is the recurrent Deuteronomic covenant designation binding the divine name to Israel's possessive relationship.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person singular)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): the singular 'your' addresses Israel collectively as one covenant partner; Deuteronomy oscillates between singular and plural address ('Numeruswechsel'), here the intimate singular of the love-command.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξῃyou shall keepFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · φυλάσσωmain verb (directive future, coordinate with ἀγαπήσεις)→ directive future (volitive: imperatival force)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / observe'; renders שָׁמַר; the middle φυλάξῃ ('keep for yourself') joins love to obedience — for Deuteronomy, to love YHWH is precisely to keep his charge; the cognate noun φυλάγματα follows immediately (figura etymologica).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάγματαcharge / observancesAccusativedirect object of φυλάξῃ (cognate object)→ object specificationφύλαγμα: 'thing to be kept / charge / observance'; renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת; the cognate pairing φυλάξῃ τὰ φυλάγματα ('keep the keepings') reproduces the Hebrew figura etymologica שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת — the abiding obligations entrusted to Israel.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιώματαordinancesAccusativedirect object (coordinate with φυλάγματα)→ object specificationδικαίωμα: 'statute / ordinance / righteous decree'; renders חֻקָּה / מִשְׁפָּט; in Deuteronomy δικαιώματα are the codified covenant prescriptions; the triad φυλάγματα / δικαιώματα / κρίσεις is a comprehensive merism for the whole body of covenant law.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσειςjudgmentsAccusativedirect object (third member of the legal triad)→ object specificationκρίσις: 'judgment / legal decision / case-law'; renders מִשְׁפָּט; the κρίσεις are the judicial rulings of the covenant; together with φυλάγματα and δικαιώματα they encompass the entirety of YHWH's revealed will.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἡμέρας: accusative of duration)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the feminine accusative πάσας agrees with ἡμέρας; the phrase πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ('all the days') is an accusative of temporal extent — covenant obedience is to be perpetual, unbroken.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration of time ('all the days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative of extent πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας renders כָּל־הַיָּמִים ('all the days / continually'), a Deuteronomic formula for lifelong, perpetual obligation.
2

καὶ γνώσεσθε σήμερον ὅτι οὐχὶ τὰ παιδία ὑμῶν ὅσοι οὐκ οἴδασιν οὐδὲ εἴδοσαν τὴν παιδείαν κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου καὶ τὰ μεγαλεῖα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν χεῖρα τὴν κραταιὰν καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν ὑψηλὸν

And you shall know today — for it is not your children who have not known nor seen the discipline of the LORD your God and his mighty acts and his strong hand and his uplifted arm,

Appeal to experiential memory: grounding the command in what the adults sawκαὶ γνώσεσθε σήμερον
The exhortation pivots to memory: γνώσεσθε σήμερον ('know today') introduces a contrast (οὐχὶ … ὅσοι οὐκ … οὐδὲ …) between the adult generation, who personally witnessed YHWH's acts, and the children, who did not. The verse is grammatically incomplete on its own — it begins a long catalogue of objects (παιδείαν, μεγαλεῖα, χεῖρα, βραχίονα, σημεῖα …) running through v. 6, all governed by what 'your eyes have seen' (v. 7). The χεὶρ κραταιά and βραχίων ὑψηλός are the classic Deuteronomic Exodus formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσεσθεyou shall knowFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · γινώσκωmain verb (shift to plural address)→ directive future (call to recognize / acknowledge)γινώσκω: 'know / recognize / acknowledge'; renders יָדַע; the shift from singular (v. 1) to plural γνώσεσθε is the Deuteronomic Numeruswechsel; the 'knowing' is not abstract but experiential recognition of YHWH's saving acts witnessed firsthand.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; the Deuteronomic 'today' actualizes the covenant moment for each generation hearing the law — Moses' 'today' becomes every hearer's present.
ὅτιthatconjunction introducing object clause of γνώσεσθε→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that / because'; here introduces the content of what is to be known; the syntax is anacoluthic — the ὅτι-clause sets up a contrast (it is not the children but you) that is completed only in v. 7.
οὐχὶnotemphatic negation (contrastive)→ clausal contributionοὐχί: emphatic form of οὐ; the strengthened negative marks the sharp contrast — it is emphatically NOT the children (who did not witness) but the adult addressees who saw these things.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίαchildrenNominativesubject of the negated clause (the ones who did NOT see)→ participant prominenceπαιδίον: 'child / young one'; renders בָּנִים / טַף; the παιδία are the younger generation who were not yet born or aware during the Exodus events; the wordplay with παιδεία ('discipline') in the same verse is notable — the children did not see the παιδεία.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (plural)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (plural).
ὅσοιwho / as many asNominativerelative pronoun (subject of οἴδασιν / εἴδοσαν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the relative ὅσοι ('who, as many as') introduces a clause qualifying the children — those who have neither known nor seen the events being recalled.
οὐκnotnegation (with οἴδασιν)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἴδασινthey knowPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · οἶδαverb of relative clause→ perfect with present force (settled state of not-knowing)οἶδα: 'know' (perfect with present meaning); renders יָדַע; the children's ignorance is not culpable but generational — they were not present; this sets up the urgency of the teaching commands later in the chapter (vv. 19–21).
οὐδὲnornegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδέ: 'and not / nor'; coordinates the second negated verb εἴδοσαν with οἴδασιν — neither knowing nor having seen.
εἴδοσανthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωverb of relative clause (coordinate with οἴδασιν)→ constative aorist (the events as a whole not witnessed)ὁράω (aor. εἴδοσαν): 'see'; the form εἴδοσαν is a Hellenistic-Koine third-plural aorist (with the -οσαν ending) frequent in the LXX; renders רָאָה; physical eyewitnessing is the key motif — the adults saw, the children did not (contrast v. 7, 'your eyes have seen').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδείανdiscipline / instructionAccusativedirect object of οἴδασιν / εἴδοσαν (first in the catalogue)→ object specificationπαιδεία: 'discipline / training / instruction / chastening'; renders מוּסָר; a rich Deuteronomic term — YHWH's dealings with Israel (and Egypt) are pedagogical, forming the people through experienced acts of power and judgment (cf. 8:5, 'the LORD disciplines you as a man disciplines his son'); the wordplay with παιδία ('children') is pointed.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source/possession (the LORD's discipline)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the παιδεία belongs to YHWH — it is his sovereign formative action in history.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God' in the genitive.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular, despite plural context)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): the singular σου amid the plural verbs is part of the Deuteronomic Numeruswechsel; the covenant relationship is addressed to Israel both as a unity and as individuals.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (extending the object catalogue)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγαλεῖαmighty actsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with παιδείαν)→ object specificationμεγαλεῖον: 'great deed / mighty act / majesty'; the substantivized neuter plural of μεγαλεῖος; renders גְּדֻלָּה / גְּדֹלוֹת; YHWH's 'great things' are his saving and judging acts in history (cf. Acts 2:11, τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandAccusativedirect object (Exodus formula, coordinate)→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; the 'mighty hand' (χεὶρ κραταιά) is one half of the classic Deuteronomic Exodus formula 'with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm' (cf. 4:34; 5:15; 7:19), an anthropomorphism for YHWH's overwhelming saving power.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive position with κραταιάν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραταιὰνstrong / mightyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χεῖρα)→ object specificationκραταιός: 'strong / mighty / powerful'; renders חֲזָקָה; the articulated attributive τὴν χεῖρα τὴν κραταιάν reproduces the Hebrew construction יָד חֲזָקָה ('the strong hand').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναarmAccusativedirect object (second half of Exodus formula)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm / forearm'; renders זְרוֹעַ; the 'outstretched/uplifted arm' completes the formula; βραχίων ὑψηλός renders זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה, the image of YHWH's arm raised to strike Egypt and deliver Israel.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive position with ὑψηλόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλὸνuplifted / highAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα)→ object specificationὑψηλός: 'high / lofty / uplifted'; renders נְטוּיָה ('stretched out') in this formula via the LXX's rendering 'high/uplifted arm'; the raised arm is the gesture of a warrior about to strike — divine might marshalled for salvation and judgment.
3

καὶ τὰ σημεῖα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ τέρατα αὐτοῦ ὅσα ἐποίησεν ἐν μέσῳ Αἰγύπτου Φαραω βασιλεῖ Αἰγύπτου καὶ πάσῃ τῇ γῇ αὐτοῦ

and his signs and his wonders which he did in the midst of Egypt to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to all his land,

Continuation of the object catalogue (the deeds the adults witnessed)καὶ τὰ σημεῖα αὐτοῦ
The catalogue of remembered acts continues with the σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ('signs and wonders'), the standard LXX word-pair for the plagues (cf. Exod 7:3; Deut 6:22; 7:19), directed against Pharaoh and all his land. The relative ὅσα ('all that') governs ἐποίησεν, gathering the whole plague-cycle into a single act of divine self-disclosure witnessed by the present generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing catalogue)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖαsignsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with the v.2 catalogue)→ object specificationσημεῖον: 'sign / token'; renders אוֹת; in the Exodus context the σημεῖα are the plagues understood as significatory acts revealing YHWH's identity and power; paired with τέρατα as a fixed formula.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέραταwonders / portentsAccusativedirect object (paired with σημεῖα)→ object specificationτέρας: 'wonder / portent / marvel'; renders מוֹפֵת; the pair σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ('signs and wonders') is the canonical LXX designation of the Egyptian plagues and recurs in the NT for divine attestation (cf. Acts 2:22).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅσαwhich / all thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as / all that'; the relative ὅσα gathers the totality of the wonders into the single verb ἐποίησεν; the recurring ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('all that he did', vv. 3, 4, 5, 6) structures the whole catalogue.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the plague-acts viewed as a whole)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the refrain ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('all that he did') is the structuring formula of the memorial catalogue (vv. 3–6), each time recalling another sphere of YHWH's mighty acts.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
μέσῳmidstDativedative object of ἐν (idiomatic: 'in the midst of')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ Αἰγύπτου renders בְּתוֹךְ מִצְרַיִם ('in the midst of Egypt'), stressing that the wonders were done within Egypt's own territory, before Egyptian eyes.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (with μέσῳ: 'the midst of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: standard LXX form of Hebrew מִצְרַיִם; the land of bondage and the theatre of the signs and wonders.
ΦαραωPharaohdative (indeclinable: indirect object 'to Pharaoh')→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliteration of Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (Egyptian pr-ꜥȝ, 'great house'); indeclinable in the LXX; here functioning as the dative recipient of the wonders ('which he did … to Pharaoh').
βασιλεῖkingDativedative in apposition to Φαραω→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the appositional 'Pharaoh king of Egypt' is the full title-formula, here in the dative as the one against whom the wonders were directed.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (with βασιλεῖ: 'king of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἰγύπτου: meaning 'of Egypt'; it serves as genitive (with βασιλεῖ: 'king of Egypt').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective (modifying γῇ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ('to all his land') extends the wonders beyond Pharaoh to the entire land — the whole Egyptian realm was the theatre of judgment.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative (parallel to Φαραω: 'to all his land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; here Egypt as Pharaoh's whole domain, against which the wonders were wrought.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Pharaoh's land)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Pharaoh's land).
4

καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν τὴν δύναμιν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων τὰ ἅρματα αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἵππον αὐτῶν ὡς ἐπέκλυσεν τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς ἐρυθρᾶς ἐπὶ προσώπου αὐτῶν καταδιωκόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ τῶν ὀπίσω ὑμῶν καὶ ἀπώλεσεν αὐτοὺς κύριος ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας

and what he did to the army of the Egyptians, their chariots and their cavalry, how the water of the Red Sea overwhelmed them upon their face as they pursued after you, and the LORD destroyed them to this very day;

Continuation: the Red Sea deliverance (next item in the catalogue)καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν
The catalogue advances to the climactic act of Exodus deliverance: the destruction of Egypt's army, chariots, and cavalry in the Red Sea (cf. Exod 14). The vivid ὡς ἐπέκλυσεν τὸ ὕδωρ ('how the water overwhelmed') and the participle καταδιωκόντων ('as they pursued') paint the scene as a witnessed event; ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας ('to this very day') stresses the permanence and ongoing significance of the deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαwhat / all thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν, structuring refrain)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the refrain ὅσα ἐποίησεν again introduces a new sphere of remembered divine action — here the Red Sea event.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the action here is followed by an accusative of the thing acted upon (τὴν δύναμιν), an unusual construction ('what he did to the army') reflecting the Hebrew idiom.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμινarmy / forceAccusativeaccusative of the thing acted upon ('what he did to the army')→ object specificationδύναμις: 'power / force / army'; renders חַיִל; here the military 'host' of Egypt; the accusative after ἐποίησεν reflects the Hebrew construction עָשָׂה לְ ('do to').
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑἰγυπτίωνEgyptiansGenitivegenitive of possession ('the army of the Egyptians')→ relational specificationΑἰγύπτιος: 'Egyptian'; gentilic adjective used substantively; the army of Egypt that pursued Israel to the sea.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματαchariotsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to δύναμιν (specifying the army)→ object specificationἅρμα: 'chariot'; renders רֶכֶב; the chariotry was Egypt's elite military force; its destruction in the sea (Exod 14:23–28) is the definitive demonstration of YHWH's supremacy over the world's mightiest army.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππονcavalry / horseAccusativeaccusative in apposition to δύναμιν (collective: cavalry)→ object specificationἵππος: 'horse'; the feminine ἡ ἵππος is a collective ('the cavalry / horse-force'), rendering פָּרָשִׁים / סוּס; together with the chariots it specifies the full Egyptian military might swallowed by the sea.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὡςhowconjunction (introducing the manner/circumstance clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'how / as / when'; here introduces the vivid recollection of the manner of destruction — 'how the water overwhelmed them.'
ἐπέκλυσενoverwhelmed / flooded overAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπικλύζωverb of the ὡς-clause→ constative aorist (the single act of inundation)ἐπικλύζω: 'flood over / overwhelm / inundate'; a vivid compound (ἐπί + κλύζω, 'wash over'); renders the Hebrew הֵצִיף ('made to flow over'); the verb evokes the returning sea-waters engulfing the pursuing host.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδωρwaterNominativesubject of ἐπέκλυσεν→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: 'water'; renders מַיִם; the water of the Red Sea as the divine instrument of judgment; the same noun (ὕδωρ) recurs as the blessing-rain in vv. 11, 17 — water that destroys Egypt and water that sustains the land.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive (with ὕδωρ: 'the water of the sea')→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; with the following ἐρυθρᾶς, 'the Red Sea' (יַם סוּף, the Sea of Reeds), the site of Israel's definitive deliverance.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive with ἐρυθρᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρυθρᾶςRedGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying θαλάσσης)→ relational specificationἐρυθρός: 'red'; the LXX's standard rendering of יַם סוּף ('Sea of Reeds') as ἡ ἐρυθρὰ θάλασσα ('the Red Sea'), the fixed Greek name carried into the NT (Acts 7:36; Heb 11:29).
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position: 'upon their face')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: 'upon their face').
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (idiomatic: 'upon their face / presence')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἐπὶ προσώπου αὐτῶν renders עַל־פְּנֵיהֶם ('over their face / in their presence'), a Hebraism — the waters closed over them as they faced/pursued Israel.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καταδιωκόντωνpursuingPres Act Ptcp Gen Pl Masc · καταδιώκωgenitive absolute participle ('as they pursued')→ imperfective participle (action ongoing at the moment of destruction)καταδιώκω: 'pursue closely / chase down'; the intensive compound κατα- marks relentless pursuit; the genitive-absolute construction καταδιωκόντων αὐτῶν ('while they were pursuing') sets the precise dramatic moment — the Egyptians perished in the very act of the chase.
αὐτῶνthey / themGenitivegenitive subject of the genitive-absolute participle→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive subject of the genitive-absolute participle.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (with ὀπίσω: 'from behind you')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (with ὀπίσω: 'from behind you').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with adverbial ὀπίσω)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωbehind / afteradverb / improper preposition ('from behind')→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: 'behind / after'; ἐκ τῶν ὀπίσω ὑμῶν ('from behind you') renders מֵאַחֲרֵיכֶם — the Egyptians pursued Israel from the rear and were destroyed in the chase.
ὑμῶνyou / yourGenitivegenitive (with ὀπίσω: 'behind you', 2nd plural)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. ὑμῶν): the second-person plural again addresses the present generation as participants in the Exodus — 'after you,' as though they themselves were pursued.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (the LORD as subject)→ constative aorist (the decisive act of destruction)ἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy / ruin / cause to perish'; renders אִבֵּד / הָאֲבִיד; YHWH himself (κύριος) is the explicit subject — the destruction of Egypt's host is his direct act; the same verb recurs in the warning of v. 17 (ἀπολεῖσθε, 'you shall perish'), a sobering echo: the God who destroyed Egypt can also remove a disobedient Israel.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀπώλεσεν→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπώλεσεν.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἀπώλεσεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; placed as the explicit agent of the destruction, underscoring that the Red Sea victory was no natural accident but a sovereign divine act.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (temporal extent).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σήμερονtoday / presentadverb used attributively (with ἡμέρας: 'this very day')→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the phrase ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας ('to this very day') renders עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, a formula asserting the abiding, present-tense significance of the past deliverance.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal limit)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the destruction of Egypt's army is portrayed as a permanent, irreversible reality whose effect endures 'to this very day.'
5

καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἕως ἤλθετε εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον

and what he did for you in the wilderness until you came to this place;

Continuation: the wilderness provision and guidanceκαὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὑμῖν
The catalogue continues with the wilderness period — here the verb takes a dative of advantage (ὑμῖν, 'for you'), shifting the nuance from judgment on Egypt to provision and guidance for Israel through the desert (the manna, water, protection of chs. 1–3; Exod 16–17). The clause ἕως ἤλθετε εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον ('until you came to this place') anchors the recollection at the very moment of address, on the plains of Moab before the Jordan.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαwhat / all thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the refrain ὅσα ἐποίησεν continues, now of the wilderness period.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; here with the dative of advantage ὑμῖν ('for you'), framing the wilderness deeds as benefit and care, not judgment.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage ('did for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. ὑμῖν): the second-person plural dative of advantage; what YHWH did 'for you' in the wilderness — the providential sustaining of Israel.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative: 'in the wilderness')→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the forty-year desert sojourn, the setting of YHWH's testing, provision, and discipline (cf. 8:2–4).
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (with ἤλθετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; introduces the terminal point of the wilderness journey — the arrival at the present place of address.
ἤλθετεyou cameAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔρχομαιverb of temporal clause→ constative aorist (the completed arrival)ἔρχομαι (aor. ἤλθετε): 'come / go'; renders בּוֹא; the arrival 'to this place' (the plains of Moab) marks the present narrative standpoint of the whole book.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (goal of journey)→ object specificationτόπος: 'place / location'; renders מָקוֹם; 'this place' is the present standpoint of the address — the plains of Moab on the threshold of the land.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying τόπον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the deictic τοῦτον points to the immediate setting of Moses' speech, lending the recollection its 'today' immediacy.
6

καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν τῷ Δαθαν καὶ Αβιρων υἱοῖς Ελιαβ υἱοῦ Ρουβην οὓς ἀνοίξασα ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς κατέπιεν αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς σκηνὰς αὐτῶν καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ὑπόστασιν τὴν μετ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐν μέσῳ παντὸς Ισραηλ

and what he did to Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab son of Reuben, whom the earth, opening its mouth, swallowed up — them and their households and their tents and all their substance that was with them — in the midst of all Israel;

Continuation: the swallowing of Dathan and Abiram (judgment within Israel)καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν τῷ Δαθαν
The final item in the catalogue turns from judgment on Egypt and provision in the wilderness to judgment within Israel itself: the rebellion of Dathan and Abiram (Num 16), swallowed alive by the opened earth. The placement is pointed — Israel's own eyes saw not only what YHWH did to enemies but what he did to rebels among them ἐν μέσῳ παντὸς Ισραηλ ('in the midst of all Israel'); covenant obedience is no abstraction. The vivid ἀνοίξασα … τὸ στόμα … κατέπιεν ('opening its mouth … swallowed') personifies the earth as the executor of divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαwhat / all thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the structuring refrain reaches its final and most sobering instance — judgment within the covenant community.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (with dative τῷ Δαθαν)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; here with the dative ('did to Dathan and Abiram'), the same construction as the judgment on Egypt's army — rebels in Israel are dealt with as YHWH's enemies.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Δαθαν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαθανDathandative (indeclinable proper noun: object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant identificationΔαθαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּתָן; indeclinable in the LXX; one of the Reubenite rebels against Moses' authority (Num 16); the article τῷ supplies the dative case lacking in the indeclinable name.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβιρωνAbiramdative (indeclinable proper noun, coordinate with Δαθαν)→ participant identificationΑβιρων: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבִירָם; indeclinable; the second Reubenite rebel, paired with Dathan throughout the Korah narrative (Num 16; 26:9).
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative in apposition to Δαθαν and Αβιρων→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; renders בֵּן; the genealogical apposition 'sons of Eliab son of Reuben' situates the rebels within the tribe of Reuben, Jacob's firstborn — a tribe whose preeminence had already been forfeited (Gen 49:3–4).
Ελιαβof Eliabgenitive (indeclinable: 'sons of Eliab')→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִיאָב; indeclinable; the father of Dathan and Abiram (Num 16:1; 26:8–9).
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ελιαβ ('son of Reuben')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; here Eliab as descendant of Reuben, fixing the tribal lineage of the rebellion.
Ρουβηνof Reubengenitive (indeclinable: 'son of Reuben')→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן; indeclinable; Jacob's firstborn and tribal ancestor; the Reubenite involvement underscores the gravity of revolt against divinely-ordained leadership.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of κατέπιεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; οὓς ('whom') resumes Dathan and Abiram as the objects of the earth's swallowing.
ἀνοίξασαhaving openedAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · ἀνοίγωcircumstantial participle (modifying ἡ γῆ)→ antecedent aorist participle (the opening precedes the swallowing)ἀνοίγω: 'open'; renders פָּצָה ('open wide'); the participle ἀνοίξασα ('having opened') with τὸ στόμα ('its mouth') vividly personifies the earth as a devouring agent — the very ground becomes the instrument of divine judgment (Num 16:31–33).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthNominativesubject of κατέπιεν→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'earth / ground'; renders אֶרֶץ / אֲדָמָה; the earth itself, personified, opens its mouth and swallows the rebels — a reversal of the land-as-gift theme: the same ground that is Israel's inheritance becomes a grave for the disobedient.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίξασα→ object specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; renders פֶּה; the earth's 'mouth' is the chasm that opens to engulf the rebels; the anthropomorphism makes the judgment terrifyingly concrete.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the earth's mouth)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the earth's mouth).
κατέπιενswallowed upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταπίνωmain verb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (the decisive act of swallowing)καταπίνω: 'swallow down / gulp / engulf'; the intensive compound κατα- ('down') with πίνω ('drink') means to swallow whole; renders בָּלַע; the same verb describes the sea swallowing the Egyptians (Exod 15:12) — both Egypt and the rebels meet the same engulfing fate.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of κατέπιεν (resuming οὕς)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κατέπιεν (resuming οὕς).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουςhouseholdsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with αὐτούς)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; here the families/households of the rebels, swallowed with them — the corporate solidarity of judgment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὰςtentsAccusativedirect object (coordinate)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / dwelling'; renders אֹהֶל; the tents of the rebels, swallowed along with their occupants — the totality of the judgment leaves no trace.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὑπόστασιν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; πᾶσαν … τὴν ὑπόστασιν ('all the substance') emphasizes the comprehensiveness of the engulfment — nothing belonging to them survived.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὑπόστασιν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ὑπόστασιν).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπόστασινsubstance / propertyAccusativedirect object (coordinate: 'all their substance')→ object specificationὑπόστασις: 'substance / standing / property / that which underlies'; here in the concrete sense of 'possessions / property / living substance' (rendering Hebrew יְקוּם, 'living thing / standing property'); the term famously carries weightier philosophical and theological senses elsewhere (Heb 1:3; 11:1), but in the LXX of this verse it denotes the rebels' material existence — everything they possessed.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with μετ᾿ αὐτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive (elided before vowel: 'that was with them')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + genitive: 'with'; the articular phrase τὴν μετ᾿ αὐτῶν ('that which was with them') specifies the substance as everything in their immediate possession at the moment of judgment.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
μέσῳmidstDativedative object of ἐν ('in the midst of')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ παντὸς Ισραηλ ('in the midst of all Israel') stresses that the judgment was public and witnessed by the whole community — a deterrent warning seen by the very generation now addressed.
παντὸςallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying Ισραηλ)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'all Israel' as the witnessing assembly.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive (indeclinable proper noun: 'of all Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; the covenant people as a whole, before whose eyes the judgment on the rebels was enacted.
7

ὅτι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὑμῶν ἑώρακαν πάντα τὰ ἔργα κυρίου τὰ μεγάλα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὑμῖν σήμερον

for your eyes have seen all the great works of the LORD which he did among you today.

Motive clause closing the unit: the eyewitness ground of obedienceὅτι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὑμῶν
v. 7 closes the long appeal begun in v. 2 with its grammatical and theological capstone: οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὑμῶν ἑώρακαν ('your eyes have seen'). The perfect ἑώρακαν stresses abiding, present consequence — the seeing is not merely past but a possessed reality grounding present obligation. The whole catalogue (vv. 3–6) is gathered into πάντα τὰ ἔργα κυρίου τὰ μεγάλα ('all the great works of the LORD'); the contrast with the children who 'did not see' (v. 2) is now complete.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the exhortation)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; here causal, supplying the motive for the whole exhortation — the basis of obedience is firsthand experience of YHWH's great works.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubject of ἑώρακαν→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עַיִן; the emphasis on the physical eyes (cf. v. 2 'did not see') makes eyewitness experience the foundation of covenant accountability; the motif of YHWH's own eyes upon the land follows at v. 12 — Israel's eyes have seen, and YHWH's eyes watch over.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd plural)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (2nd plural).
ἑώρακανhave seenPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (perfect of abiding result)→ resultative perfect (past seeing with enduring present force)ὁράω (perf. ἑώρακαν): 'see / perceive'; renders רָאָה; the perfect tense (rather than the aorist εἴδοσαν of the children in v. 2) is deliberate — the adults' seeing is a present possession, a standing testimony that grounds their obligation; the Koine third-plural ending -αν (for classical -ασιν) is characteristic of the LXX.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; gathers the whole preceding catalogue into a single comprehensive object — every one of YHWH's great works.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworks / deedsAccusativedirect object of ἑώρακαν→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / deed'; renders מַעֲשֶׂה; YHWH's saving and judging acts in history summed up as his 'great works' — the visible evidence of his covenant power.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source/possession (the works belong to YHWH)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the great works are emphatically YHWH's own deeds.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive with μεγάλα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλαgreatAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργα)→ object specificationμέγας: 'great'; renders גָּדוֹל; the articulated attributive τὰ ἔργα … τὰ μεγάλα ('the works, the great ones') reproduces the Hebrew construction; 'great' here is the consistent epithet of YHWH's redemptive acts.
ὅσαwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the refrain ὅσα ἐποίησεν appears one final time, now summarizing the whole memorial.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the summarizing repetition of the catalogue's refrain seals the appeal to memory.
ὑμῖνamong you / for youDativedative (of advantage or sphere: 'did for/among you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. ὑμῖν): the second-person plural dative; YHWH's great works were done 'for you' / 'in your sight' — the present generation as beneficiaries and witnesses.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; the Deuteronomic 'today' collapses the temporal distance — the great works, though historically past, retain their force as a present, living testimony for this generation.
8

καὶ φυλάξεσθε πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ὅσας ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον ἵνα ζῆτε καὶ πολυπλασιασθῆτε καὶ εἰσελθόντες κληρονομήσητε τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς διαβαίνετε τὸν Ιορδάνην ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν

And you shall keep all his commandments which I command you today, that you may live and be multiplied and, having entered in, may inherit the land into which you are crossing the Jordan there to inherit it;

Resumed exhortation: obedience as the condition of life and inheritanceκαὶ φυλάξεσθε
Having grounded the appeal in memory (vv. 1–7), Moses resumes the imperatival φυλάξεσθε ('keep'), now linking obedience to a triad of purpose-clauses (ἵνα ζῆτε … πολυπλασιασθῆτε … κληρονομήσητε): life, multiplication, and inheritance of the land. The pleonastic εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς διαβαίνετε … ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν ('into which you are crossing … there to inherit it') is a Hebraizing resumptive construction recurring throughout the chapter (cf. vv. 10, 11, 29, 31).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (resuming the exhortation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξεσθεyou shall keepFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (directive future)→ directive future (volitive: imperatival force)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / observe'; renders שָׁמַר; the middle φυλάξεσθε ('keep for yourselves') resumes the keeping-command of v. 1 (φυλάξῃ), now in the plural and tied explicitly to the inheritance of the land.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐντολάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the totality of the commandments — Deuteronomy insists on comprehensive, not selective, obedience.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of φυλάξεσθε→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment / charge'; renders מִצְוָה; the comprehensive term for YHWH's covenant commands; πάσας τὰς ἐντολάς is a recurrent Deuteronomic formula (cf. v. 22; 8:1).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅσαςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐντέλλομαι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as'; the relative ὅσας ('all which') links the commandments to Moses' present act of commanding.
ἐγὼINominativesubject of ἐντέλλομαι (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic first-person pronoun; Moses as covenant mediator speaks the commandments in YHWH's name — the recurring ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι ('I command', vv. 8, 13, 27, 28) frames the whole chapter as authoritative mediated instruction.
ἐντέλλομαίcommandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ performative present (the act of commanding accomplished in the speaking)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / enjoin'; renders צִוָּה; the performative present — in uttering these words Moses is, here and now, laying the charge; the deponent middle is the standard LXX form.
σοιyouDativedative indirect object (singular, despite plural verb)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): the singular σοι amid plural verbs is the Deuteronomic Numeruswechsel — the command is addressed to Israel both corporately and individually.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; the present moment of commandment-giving, the recurrent Deuteronomic 'today.'
ἵναthat / in order thatconjunction introducing purpose clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'in order that'; introduces the triple purpose clause (ζῆτε … πολυπλασιασθῆτε … κληρονομήσητε) — obedience leads to life, increase, and inheritance.
ζῆτεyou may livePres Act Subj 2 Pl · ζάωverb of purpose clause (first member)→ imperfective subjunctive (ongoing life as the goal)ζάω: 'live'; renders חָיָה; 'life' in Deuteronomy is the comprehensive blessing of covenant flourishing in the land (cf. 30:15–20); the present subjunctive denotes continued living, not mere survival.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολυπλασιασθῆτεyou may be multipliedAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · πολυπλασιάζωverb of purpose clause (second member)→ ingressive aorist passive subjunctive (come to be multiplied)πολυπλασιάζω: 'multiply / increase manifold'; renders רָבָה; the passive ('be multiplied') points to YHWH as the implicit agent of Israel's increase — the fulfilment of the patriarchal promise of numerous descendants (cf. Gen 22:17).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελθόντεςhaving entered inAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · εἰσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle (antecedent to κληρονομήσητε)→ antecedent aorist participle (entry precedes inheritance)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; the participle marks the precondition — entry into the land precedes its inheritance; the entering/inheriting pair structures the land-promise throughout the chapter.
κληρονομήσητεyou may inheritAor Act Subj 2 Pl · κληρονομέωverb of purpose clause (third member)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (take possession)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession of'; renders יָרַשׁ; the verb denotes taking legal possession of the land as the divinely-allotted inheritance (κλῆρος); it recurs through vv. 8–11, 23, 31, the keyword of the land-theme.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσητε→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; renders אֶרֶץ; the promised land, the central concrete object of the covenant blessing in Deuteronomy.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction, relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction, relative clause).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς, antecedent γῆν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the resumptive construction εἰς ἣν … ἐκεῖ ('into which … there') is a Hebraism reflecting the Hebrew relative with resumptive adverb אֲשֶׁר … שָׁמָּה.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject of διαβαίνετε (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic 'you' stresses that this very generation is the one about to cross — the promise is on the verge of fulfilment.
διαβαίνετεare crossingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · διαβαίνωverb of relative clause (imminent action)→ futuristic/progressive present (the crossing as imminent)διαβαίνω: 'cross over / pass through'; renders עָבַר; the present tense renders the crossing of the Jordan as imminent and certain; διαβαίνω is the keyword for the entry into Canaan (cf. vv. 11, 31).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηνJordanAccusativeaccusative of the thing crossed (object of διαβαίνετε)→ object specificationΙορδάνης: transliteration of Hebrew יַרְדֵּן; declined as a first-declension noun in the LXX (here acc. Ιορδάνην); the Jordan is the boundary between wilderness wandering and inheritance, crossed under Joshua (Josh 3–4).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive, Hebraism)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive adverb completing the Hebraizing relative construction (εἰς ἣν … ἐκεῖ, 'into which … there'), rendering the Hebrew אֲשֶׁר … שָׁמָּה.
κληρονομῆσαιto inheritAor Act Infin · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose infinitive (the goal of the crossing)κληρονομέω (aor. infin.): 'inherit / take possession'; the infinitive of purpose 'to inherit it' restates the goal of the crossing; the repetition (κληρονομήσητε … κληρονομῆσαι) is emphatic Deuteronomic insistence on the land as the destined inheritance.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of κληρονομῆσαι (resuming γῆν)→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κληρονομῆσαι (resuming γῆν).
9

ἵνα μακροημερεύσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἧς ὤμοσεν κύριος τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν δοῦναι αὐτοῖς καὶ τῷ σπέρματι αὐτῶν μετ᾿ αὐτούς γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι

that you may prolong your days upon the land which the LORD swore to your fathers to give to them and to their seed after them, a land flowing with milk and honey.

Further purpose clause: long life on the patriarchal landἵνα μακροημερεύσητε
A fourth purpose clause caps the chain of v. 8: μακροημερεύσητε ('prolong your days'), the recurrent Deuteronomic blessing (cf. 4:40; 5:33; 6:2). The land is identified by the patriarchal oath (ἧς ὤμοσεν κύριος τοῖς πατράσιν) and the classic epithet γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι ('flowing with milk and honey'), tying the present generation's prospects to the unbreakable promise sworn to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἵναthatconjunction introducing purpose clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'in order that'; introduces a further purpose of obedience — longevity in the land.
μακροημερεύσητεyou may live longAor Act Subj 2 Pl · μακροημερεύωverb of purpose clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (attain length of days)μακροημερεύω: 'live long / be long-lived' (μακρός + ἡμέρα, 'long of days'); a LXX coinage rendering Hebrew הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמִים ('prolong days'); the promise of long life in the land is the recurrent reward for obedience in Deuteronomy (cf. 4:40; 5:16; 6:2) — echoed in the fifth commandment cited at Eph 6:3.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (locative: 'upon the land')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative: 'upon the land').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (place of long life)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land as the arena of covenant blessing; long life is enjoyed 'upon the land,' inseparable from the gift of the inheritance.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ὤμοσεν, attracted to genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive ἧς (by attraction to antecedent γῆς) introduces the oath-clause defining the land as the sworn patrimony.
ὤμοσενsworeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὄμνυμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the patriarchal oath as a settled act)ὄμνυμι: 'swear / take an oath'; renders נִשְׁבַּע; the divine oath to the patriarchs is the bedrock guarantee of the land-promise in Deuteronomy; YHWH bound himself by oath, making the gift irrevocable (cf. Heb 6:13–18).
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ὤμοσεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine oath-taker, whose sworn word is the foundation of Israel's claim to the land.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object of ὤμοσεν→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָבוֹת; 'your fathers' are the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the recipients of the original land-oath (Gen 12:7; 15:18; 26:3; 28:13).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Infin · δίδωμιinfinitive (content of the oath)→ complementary infinitive (the substance of what was sworn)δίδωμι (aor. infin.): 'give'; renders נָתַן; the infinitive expresses the content of the oath — to give the land; the land is always YHWH's gift, never Israel's achievement.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object of δοῦναι→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of δοῦναι.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματιseedDativedative indirect object (coordinate with αὐτοῖς)→ sphere or referenceσπέρμα: 'seed / offspring'; renders זֶרַע; the promise extends beyond the patriarchs to their descendants 'after them' — the present generation is the σπέρμα now inheriting the sworn gift.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ᾿afterpreposition + accusative (elided: 'after them')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + accusative: 'after'; μετ᾿ αὐτούς ('after them') marks the generational continuity of the promise from patriarchs to descendants.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of μετά→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of μετά.
γῆνa landAccusativeaccusative in apposition to the land (object of δοῦναι)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the appositional restatement introduces the famous epithet describing the land's fertility.
ῥέουσανflowingPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Fem · ῥέωattributive participle (modifying γῆν)→ imperfective participle (continual flowing — abundance)ῥέω: 'flow / run'; the participle ῥέουσαν renders זָבַת ('flowing'); γῆ ῥέουσα γάλα καὶ μέλι ('a land flowing with milk and honey') is the stock LXX epithet for the promised land's abundance (Exod 3:8; Lev 20:24; Deut 6:3), milk denoting pastoral wealth and honey the land's natural sweetness.
γάλαmilkAccusativeaccusative of content (with ῥέουσαν)→ object specificationγάλα: 'milk'; renders חָלָב; symbol of pastoral abundance — flocks and herds thriving in the land.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέλιhoneyAccusativeaccusative of content (coordinate with γάλα)→ object specificationμέλι: 'honey'; renders דְּבַשׁ; symbol of the land's natural sweetness and fruitfulness; the milk-and-honey merism encapsulates the land as a place of effortless plenty — the antithesis of Egyptian toil (vv. 10–11).
10

ἔστιν γὰρ ἡ γῆ εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν οὐχ ὥσπερ ἡ γῆ Αἰγύπτου ἐστίν ὅθεν ἐκπεπόρευσθε ἐκεῖθεν ὅταν σπείρωσιν τὸν σπόρον καὶ ποτίζωσιν τοῖς ποσὶν ὡσεὶ κῆπον λαχανείας

For the land into which you are entering there to inherit it is not like the land of Egypt, from where you came out, where, when they sow the seed, they water it with the feet like a garden of vegetables;

Explanatory contrast (γάρ): the land unlike Egyptἔστιν γὰρ ἡ γῆ
The γάρ introduces the theological heart of the chapter: a contrast between the promised land and Egypt. Egypt is the land Israel left (ὅθεν ἐκπεπόρευσθε), watered by human labor — sown and irrigated 'by foot' (ποτίζωσιν τοῖς ποσίν), the back-breaking work of channelling Nile-water by foot-operated devices, ὡσεὶ κῆπον λαχανείας ('like a vegetable garden'). The image of self-sufficient irrigation sets up the contrast in v. 11: the promised land depends not on human toil but on the rain of heaven, and thus on YHWH himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ἔστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula, fronted for emphasis)→ stative present (a defining characteristic)εἰμί: 'be'; the fronted ἔστιν γάρ ('for … is') sets up the defining contrast between the two lands; the verb governs the predicate οὐχ ὥσπερ ἡ γῆ Αἰγύπτου.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the explanation of why the land is so desirable and why obedience matters — its fertility depends directly on YHWH's gift of rain.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject of ἔστιν→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the promised land, subject of the contrast with Egypt.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction, relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction, relative clause).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the resumptive εἰς ἣν … ἐκεῖ construction again (cf. v. 8), a Hebraism.
εἰσπορεύῃyou are enteringPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιverb of relative clause (singular address)→ futuristic present (imminent entry)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; the singular εἰσπορεύῃ (amid plural contexts) is the Deuteronomic Numeruswechsel; the present tense presents the entry as imminent and sure.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive, Hebraism)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive adverb completing the Hebraizing relative construction.
κληρονομῆσαιto inheritAor Act Infin · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose infinitive (goal of entry)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession'; the purpose infinitive 'to inherit it' restates the goal of the entry, the standard formula of the land-theme.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of κληρονομῆσαι→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κληρονομῆσαι.
οὐχnotnegation (with ὥσπερ)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐχ: form of οὐ before rough breathing; the negation governs the comparison — the promised land is emphatically NOT like Egypt.
ὥσπερas / likecomparative conjunction (introducing the contrast)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: 'just as / like'; οὐχ ὥσπερ ('not like') frames the central antithesis Egypt/Canaan, irrigation/rainfall, human toil/divine provision.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject of the comparative clause (ἐστίν)→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; Egypt as the foil — a land of human-managed irrigation, dependent on the Nile rather than on heaven.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive (with γῆ: 'the land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: standard LXX form of מִצְרַיִם; the land of bondage, here also the land of self-reliant irrigation set against the rain-dependent land of promise.
ἐστίνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula of the comparative clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; completes the comparison 'as the land of Egypt is.'
ὅθενfrom whererelative adverb of place (source)→ clausal contributionὅθεν: 'whence / from where'; introduces the relative clause recalling the Exodus departure from Egypt.
ἐκπεπόρευσθεyou have come outPerf Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐκπορεύομαιverb of relative clause→ resultative perfect (the Exodus as accomplished, abiding fact)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / depart'; renders יָצָא; the perfect ἐκπεπόρευσθε stresses the abiding reality of the Exodus — Israel has come out of Egypt and now stands as a free people on the threshold of a different kind of land.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (resumptive with ὅθεν, Hebraism)→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'from there'; the pleonastic resumption of ὅθεν (ὅθεν … ἐκεῖθεν, 'from where … from there') is a Hebraism reflecting אֲשֶׁר … מִשָּׁם.
ὅτανwhenevertemporal conjunction (with subjunctive: customary action)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'whenever'; with the subjunctive (σπείρωσιν, ποτίζωσιν) it describes the customary, repeated agricultural practice of Egypt — the routine of irrigation.
σπείρωσινthey sowPres Act Subj 3 Pl · σπείρωverb of temporal clause→ customary present subjunctive (habitual agricultural practice)σπείρω: 'sow / scatter seed'; renders זָרַע; the impersonal third plural ('whenever they sow') describes the ordinary Egyptian farming routine; sowing in Egypt is followed not by waiting for rain but by laborious irrigation.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπόρονseedAccusativedirect object of σπείρωσιν (cognate object)→ object specificationσπόρος: 'seed / sowing'; cognate object with σπείρω ('sow the seed'); renders זֶרַע; the figura etymologica heightens the picture of ordinary, toilsome cultivation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποτίζωσινthey water / irrigatePres Act Subj 3 Pl · ποτίζωverb of temporal clause (coordinate with σπείρωσιν)→ customary present subjunctive (habitual irrigation)ποτίζω: 'give to drink / water / irrigate'; renders הִשְׁקָה; in Egypt watering is human work — laborious foot-operated irrigation from the Nile; the verb stands in pointed contrast to the land that 'drinks' (πίεται, v. 11) the rain of heaven by divine gift.
τοῖςwith theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποσὶνfeetDativedative of means ('with the feet')→ sphere or referenceπούς (dat. pl. ποσίν): 'foot'; renders רֶגֶל; ποτίζειν τοῖς ποσίν ('water with the feet') refers to Egyptian irrigation methods — either foot-operated water-wheels/shadufs or the digging and treading-open of channels by foot; the phrase epitomizes self-reliant human labor, in contrast to dependence on heaven's rain.
ὡσεὶas / likecomparative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεί: 'as / like / as it were'; introduces the simile of the vegetable garden — Egypt's agriculture is as labor-intensive as tending an irrigated kitchen-garden.
κῆπονgardenAccusativeaccusative of comparison (object of ὡσεί)→ object specificationκῆπος: 'garden'; renders גַּן / גִּנָּה; a cultivated garden requiring constant manual watering — the image of human-dependent fertility, opposite to the heaven-watered land of promise.
λαχανείαςof vegetablesGenitivegenitive of description (with κῆπον: 'vegetable garden')→ relational specificationλαχανεία: 'vegetable-growing / a bed of herbs'; from λάχανον ('garden herb / vegetable'); renders יָרָק ('green herbs'); 'a garden of vegetables' (κῆπος λαχανείας) denotes the small, intensively-irrigated plot — the most labor-dependent kind of agriculture, here the figure for Egypt's self-watered land.
11

ἡ δὲ γῆ εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύῃ ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν γῆ ὀρεινὴ καὶ πεδινή ἐκ τοῦ ὑετοῦ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πίεται ὕδωρ

but the land into which you are entering there to inherit it is a land of mountains and plains; from the rain of heaven it shall drink water,

Adversative (δέ): the contrasting nature of the promised landἡ δὲ γῆ
The δέ sharply contrasts the promised land with Egypt: γῆ ὀρεινὴ καὶ πεδινή ('a land of mountains and plains') — varied terrain unsuited to canal-irrigation and so wholly dependent on rainfall. The striking image ἐκ τοῦ ὑετοῦ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πίεται ὕδωρ ('from the rain of heaven it shall drink water') personifies the land as drinking directly from heaven — the very opposite of Egypt's foot-watering. Survival in this land thus hangs on YHWH's gift of rain, which is in turn tied to covenant obedience (vv. 13–17). This is the rain-theology that undergirds the whole chapter (cf. Jas 5:7).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: 'but / and'; here strongly adversative, marking the contrast between Egypt (v. 10) and the promised land (v. 11).
γῆlandNominativesubject (resumed by the predicate γῆ ὀρεινή)→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the promised land, now characterized by its rain-fed topography.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction, relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction, relative clause).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the resumptive εἰς ἣν … ἐκεῖ construction, here repeated verbatim from v. 10 for rhetorical parallelism between the two lands.
εἰσπορεύῃyou are enteringPres Mid Indic 2 Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιverb of relative clause→ futuristic present (imminent entry)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / go in'; the singular address again (Numeruswechsel); the verbatim repetition of the relative clause from v. 10 underscores that it is the same land, viewed now under its true, rain-dependent character.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive, Hebraism)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive adverb of the Hebraizing relative construction.
κληρονομῆσαιto inheritAor Act Infin · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose infinitive (goal of entry)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / possess'; the purpose infinitive, repeated from v. 10.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of κληρονομῆσαι→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κληρονομῆσαι.
γῆa landNominativepredicate nominative (defining the land)→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the predicate restates the subject to attach its defining characterization — mountainous and level terrain.
ὀρεινὴmountainousNominativepredicate adjective (modifying γῆ)→ participant prominenceὀρεινός: 'mountainous / hilly'; from ὄρος ('mountain'); renders הָר; the hill-country of Canaan, unsuited to the canal-irrigation of flat Egypt and so reliant on rainfall collected in its valleys.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεδινήlevel / plainNominativepredicate adjective (coordinate with ὀρεινή)→ participant prominenceπεδινός: 'level / flat / of the plain'; from πεδίον ('plain'); renders בִּקְעָה ('valley / plain'); the merism 'mountains and plains' (ὀρεινὴ καὶ πεδινή) describes the whole varied terrain of the land — all of it, high and low, watered by rain rather than river.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source of the water)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / out of'; ἐκ τοῦ ὑετοῦ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ('from the rain of heaven') names the divine source on which the land's fertility depends — heaven, not the Nile.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑετοῦrainGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationὑετός: 'rain'; renders מָטָר / גֶּשֶׁם; the keyword of the chapter's theology — the rain of heaven is YHWH's direct gift, withheld or given according to covenant faithfulness (vv. 14, 17); the rain-as-blessing motif resonates through Scripture (cf. Jas 5:7, the farmer awaiting the early and latter rain).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of source/origin (with ὑετοῦ: 'rain of heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; renders שָׁמַיִם; 'the rain of heaven' locates the land's water-supply in the heavens — YHWH's domain; the same οὐρανός he can 'shut up' so there is no rain (v. 17), and whose 'days' measure Israel's longevity (v. 21).
πίεταιshall drinkFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · πίνωmain verb (the land personified as drinking)→ gnomic/predictive future (the land's characteristic dependence)πίνω: 'drink'; renders שָׁתָה; the land 'drinks' (πίεται) the rain — a vivid personification contrasting with Egypt's land being 'watered' (ποτίζωσιν) by human labor; the land receives its water as a gift from above, not as the product of toil.
ὕδωρwaterAccusativedirect object of πίεται→ object specificationὕδωρ: 'water'; renders מַיִם; the water the land drinks comes from heaven's rain — the same noun used of the Red Sea waters that destroyed Egypt (v. 4); water both judges and sustains, always at YHWH's disposal.
12

γῆ ἣν κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἐπισκοπεῖται αὐτήν διὰ παντὸς οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ καὶ ἕως συντελείας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ

a land which the LORD your God watches over; continually the eyes of the LORD your God are upon it from the beginning of the year to the end of the year.

Climactic characterization: the land under YHWH's constant careγῆ ἣν κύριος ὁ θεός σου
The contrast reaches its theological peak: the rain-dependent land is precisely the land that YHWH himself ἐπισκοπεῖται ('watches over / cares for'), his eyes upon it διὰ παντός ('continually') from the year's beginning to its end. The motif of YHWH's eyes mirrors Israel's eyes that 'have seen' (v. 7): the God whose works Israel witnessed now keeps unceasing watch over the land's whole agricultural cycle. Dependence on rain is reframed as the privilege of living under God's perpetual personal attention.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
γῆa landNominativenominative in apposition to the land of v. 11→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the appositional restatement introduces the climactic characterization — the land as the object of YHWH's constant oversight.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπισκοπεῖται)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the defining relative clause — the land which YHWH personally watches over.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐπισκοπεῖται→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine watcher over the land — the source both of its rain and of its security.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God,' binding the universal Lord of the rain to Israel's particular God.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular address)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): the singular 'your,' the intimate covenant address.
ἐπισκοπεῖταιwatches over / cares forPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκοπέωverb of relative clause→ customary/durative present (continual oversight)ἐπισκοπέω: 'look upon / watch over / care for / visit'; from ἐπίσκοπος ('overseer'); renders דָּרַשׁ ('seek / care for') here; the verb expresses YHWH's attentive, providential oversight of the land — not distant management but personal care; the cognate ἐπίσκοπος ('overseer / bishop') and ἐπισκοπή ('visitation') carry this same pastoral nuance into the NT (cf. 1 Pet 2:25).
αὐτήνitAccusativeresumptive direct object (Hebraistic pleonasm with ἥν)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the resumptive pronoun αὐτήν after the relative ἥν ('which … it') is a Hebraism reflecting the Hebrew relative with retrospective pronoun אֲשֶׁר … אֹתָהּ.
διὰthrough / continuallypreposition + genitive (idiomatic: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + genitive: in the phrase διὰ παντός ('through all [time]') = 'continually / always'; a fixed adverbial idiom emphasizing the unceasing nature of YHWH's watch over the land.
παντὸςallGenitivegenitive object of διά (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; in διὰ παντός the neuter genitive completes the idiom 'continually / perpetually.'
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubject (of the implied copula: 'the eyes … are upon it')→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עַיִן; 'the eyes of the LORD upon the land' is an anthropomorphism for unceasing attentive care; it deliberately echoes Israel's own eyes that 'have seen' YHWH's works (v. 7) — the seeing God watches over the land his people will inherit (cf. the eyes of the Lord, 1 Pet 3:12).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀφθαλμοί)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the eyes belong to YHWH himself.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God' in the genitive, repeated for solemn emphasis.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (singular).
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (elided: 'upon it')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'upon / over'; ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ('upon it') locates YHWH's watchful gaze directly on the land.
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the land)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐπί (the land).
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided: temporal starting point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς ('from the beginning') marks the start of the temporal span of YHWH's care — the whole agricultural year.
ἀρχῆςbeginningGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (temporal start)→ relational specificationἀρχή: 'beginning'; renders רֵאשִׁית; 'from the beginning of the year' — YHWH's watch spans the complete annual cycle, governing the timely rains (early and latter, v. 14) that the agricultural year requires.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearGenitivegenitive (with ἀρχῆς: 'beginning of the year')→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the agricultural year, whose whole span — beginning to end — falls under YHWH's continual oversight.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςto / untilpreposition + genitive (temporal endpoint)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / to'; with συντελείας marks the end of the temporal span — the close of the year.
συντελείαςend / completionGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal endpoint)→ relational specificationσυντέλεια: 'completion / consummation / end'; from συντελέω ('bring to completion'); renders אַחֲרִית / קֵץ; 'the end of the year' completes the merism 'from the beginning … to the end of the year' — a Hebraic totality-formula for the entire annual cycle; the term gains eschatological weight elsewhere (συντέλεια τοῦ αἰῶνος, 'the end of the age,' Matt 24:3).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearGenitivegenitive (with συντελείας: 'end of the year')→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: 'year'; the repetition (ἀρχῆς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ … συντελείας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ) frames the complete annual span over which YHWH's eyes never depart from the land.
13

ἐὰν δὲ ἀκοῇ εἰσακούσητε πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ ὅσας ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον ἀγαπᾶν κύριον τὸν θεόν σου καὶ λατρεύειν αὐτῷ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου

And it shall be, if you truly hearken to all his commandments which I command you today — to love the LORD your God and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul —

Protasis of the rain-blessing conditional (new section)ἐὰν δὲ ἀκοῇ εἰσακούσητε
The chapter shifts to the great conditional governing the land's fertility. The Hebraizing cognate-dative ἀκοῇ εἰσακούσητε ('if hearing you hear' = 'if you truly hearken') renders the Hebrew emphatic infinitive absolute שָׁמֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ. The content of obedience is summarized in the two great verbs of covenant devotion — ἀγαπᾶν ('to love') and λατρεύειν ('to serve') — with the whole heart and soul (echoing the Shema, 6:5). The apodosis follows in v. 14.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (introducing protasis + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the conditional protasis governing the blessing of rain; with the subjunctive it presents the condition as a real, open possibility set before Israel.
δὲand / nowtransitional particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: 'and / now'; marks the transition from the description of the land (vv. 10–12) to the conditional promise attached to it.
ἀκοῇby hearingDativecognate dative (Hebraism intensifying εἰσακούσητε)→ sphere or referenceἀκοή: 'hearing / report'; the cognate dative ἀκοῇ εἰσακούσητε ('with hearing you hear') renders the Hebrew infinitive absolute construction שָׁמֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ ('if you surely/diligently obey'); the dativus cognatus is the LXX's standard device for the emphatic infinitive absolute (cf. ἐκβολῇ ἐκβαλεῖ, Exod 11:1), expressing the certainty/intensity of the required obedience.
εἰσακούσητεyou hearken / obeyAor Act Subj 2 Pl · εἰσακούωverb of the protasis→ aorist subjunctive (the condition of obedience)εἰσακούω: 'hear / listen to / obey'; the compound εἰς- intensifies ἀκούω toward 'heed / obey'; renders שָׁמַע; 'hearkening' in Deuteronomy is not bare hearing but obedient response — to hear is to obey.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐντολάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensiveness of obedience — every commandment, not a selection.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of εἰσακούσητε→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; renders מִצְוָה; the object of obedient hearing — the whole body of covenant command.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅσαςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐντέλλομαι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as'; links the commandments to Moses' present commanding.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject of ἐντέλλομαι→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; the recurring ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι formula (cf. vv. 8, 27, 28) marks Moses' authoritative mediation of the divine word.
ἐντέλλομαίcommandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ performative presentἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the performative present — Moses lays the charge in the very act of speaking.
σοιyouDativedative indirect object (singular)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): singular amid plural verbs (Numeruswechsel).
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the Deuteronomic present moment of commandment.
ἀγαπᾶνto lovePres Act Infin · ἀγαπάωepexegetical infinitive (defining the commandments)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing love as the heart of the command)ἀγαπάω: 'love'; renders אָהַב; the epexegetical infinitive defines the essence of all the commandments — to love YHWH; covenant love is the inner reality of which obedience is the expression (cf. v. 1; 6:5).
κύριονthe LORDAccusativedirect object of ἀγαπᾶν→ object specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the object of covenant love.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (singular).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύεινto servePres Act Infin · λατρεύωepexegetical infinitive (coordinate with ἀγαπᾶν)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing cultic service)λατρεύω: 'serve / worship (cultically)'; renders עָבַד; denotes the religious service due to God alone; the pairing love-and-serve (ἀγαπᾶν … λατρεύειν) joins inward devotion to outward worship; the same verb recurs negatively at v. 16 (λατρεύσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις, 'serve other gods').
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of λατρεύειν→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῷ): λατρεύω takes a dative object; service is rendered 'to him' alone — exclusive worship.
ἐξfrom / withpreposition + genitive (idiomatic: 'with all')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / out of'; in ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας ('with/from all the heart') the preposition renders the Hebrew בְּכָל ('with all'); the construction is the Shema's totality formula (6:5).
ὅληςall / wholeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying καρδίας)→ relational specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; renders כֹּל; 'the whole heart' — undivided, total devotion, the hallmark of the Shema.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵבָב; in Hebrew thought the seat of will, mind, and intention; loving and serving God 'with the whole heart' means with the entire inner self, undivided.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (singular).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfrom / withpreposition + genitive (parallel to first ἐξ)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / with'; the parallel phrase 'with all your soul' completes the Shema's totality formula.
ὅληςall / wholeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ψυχῆς)→ relational specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; 'the whole soul' — the second term of the heart-and-soul pairing.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςsoul / lifeGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul / life / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the whole living self; 'with all your heart and with all your soul' is the Shema-formula of total covenant devotion (6:5), the standard of love demanded throughout Deuteronomy.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (singular).
14

καὶ δώσει τὸν ὑετὸν τῇ γῇ σου καθ᾿ ὥραν πρόιμον καὶ ὄψιμον καὶ εἰσοίσεις τὸν σῖτόν σου καὶ τὸν οἶνόν σου καὶ τὸ ἔλαιόν σου

then he will give the rain to your land in its season, early and latter, and you will gather in your grain and your wine and your oil;

Apodosis: the blessing of seasonal rain and harvestκαὶ δώσει τὸν ὑετὸν
The apodosis of the conditional: obedience yields the seasonal rain — πρόιμον καὶ ὄψιμον ('early and latter'), the autumn rains that prepare the soil and the spring rains that ripen the crop (cf. Jas 5:7). The result is the agricultural triad σῖτος, οἶνος, ἔλαιον ('grain, wine, oil'), the standard Deuteronomic summary of the land's produce; YHWH gives the rain, and Israel gathers in the harvest.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶthen / andcoordinate conjunction (apodotic καί, introducing the apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic ('then'), a Hebraism (rendering the waw of the apodosis) introducing the consequence of the condition in v. 13.
δώσειhe will giveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb of apodosis (YHWH as subject)→ predictive future (the promised reward)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; YHWH himself is the implied subject — the rain is his gift, not a natural necessity; the same verb recurs in the warning (v. 17, ἡ γῆ οὐ δώσει τὸν καρπόν, 'the land will not give its fruit'), pivoting the whole theology of reward and judgment on the giving and withholding of rain.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑετὸνrainAccusativedirect object of δώσει→ object specificationὑετός: 'rain'; renders מָטָר; the central blessing of the chapter — the rain given in due season is the precondition of all the land's fruitfulness (cf. v. 11); its giving is tied directly to covenant obedience.
τῇto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative indirect object ('to your land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; the rain is given to the land that drinks from heaven (v. 11).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (singular).
καθ᾿according to / inpreposition + accusative (elided: 'in its season')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'according to / at'; καθ᾿ ὥραν ('in its season / at the right time') stresses the timeliness of the rain — not merely rain, but rain when the crops need it.
ὥρανseason / timeAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (temporal: 'in season')→ object specificationὥρα: 'season / hour / proper time'; renders עֵת; 'in its season' — the timely rain at the appointed agricultural moments, the early and latter rains specified next.
πρόιμονearlyAccusativeattributive adjective (with ὑετόν: 'early rain')→ object specificationπρόιμος: 'early'; renders יוֹרֶה / מַלְקוֹשׁ-pair's first member (the autumn rain); the 'early rain' falls in autumn (Oct–Nov), softening the ground for sowing; the πρόιμος/ὄψιμος pair is the classic designation of the two rainy seasons of Canaan (cf. Jas 5:7, where the farmer awaits ὑετὸν πρόιμον καὶ ὄψιμον).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψιμονlatter / lateAccusativeattributive adjective (with ὑετόν: 'latter rain')→ object specificationὄψιμος: 'late / latter'; renders מַלְקוֹשׁ; the 'latter rain' falls in spring (Mar–Apr), swelling the grain before harvest; together with the early rain it represents the complete cycle of God-given precipitation on which the harvest depends.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσοίσειςyou will gather inFut Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb (consequence: the harvest)→ predictive future (the resulting ingathering)εἰσφέρω: 'bring in / gather in'; renders אָסַף; the singular εἰσοίσεις (Numeruswechsel) describes the ingathering of the harvest — the human reception of the divinely-given fertility; rain comes from God, harvest is gathered by the obedient farmer.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖτόνgrain / cornAccusativedirect object of εἰσοίσεις→ object specificationσῖτος: 'grain / wheat'; renders דָּגָן; first member of the produce-triad grain/wine/oil — the staple food of the land.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνόνwineAccusativedirect object (coordinate with σῖτον)→ object specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; renders תִּירוֹשׁ ('new wine'); second member of the produce-triad — the fruit of the vine, sign of joy and abundance.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιόνoilAccusativedirect object (coordinate, third of the triad)→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders יִצְהָר; third member of the produce-triad grain/wine/oil — the olive's yield, used for food, light, and anointing; the triad σῖτος/οἶνος/ἔλαιον is the fixed Deuteronomic summary of the land's covenant bounty (cf. 7:13; 12:17).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
15

καὶ δώσει χορτάσματα ἐν τοῖς ἀγροῖς σου τοῖς κτήνεσίν σου καὶ φαγὼν καὶ ἐμπλησθεὶς

and he will give grass in your fields for your cattle, and you will eat and be filled.

Continued apodosis: fodder for cattle and human satisfactionκαὶ δώσει χορτάσματα
The blessing extends to pasturage: χορτάσματα ('fodder / grass') for the cattle, completing the picture of a fully provisioned land. The closing participles φαγὼν καὶ ἐμπλησθείς ('eating and being filled') echo the Deuteronomic warning-formula of 6:11 and 8:10–12, where satiety is precisely the moment of spiritual danger — which v. 16 immediately addresses.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειhe will giveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (YHWH as subject, continuing apodosis)→ predictive future (continued blessing)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the repeated δώσει (cf. v. 14) keeps YHWH as the giver of every provision — rain, harvest, and now pasturage.
χορτάσματαfodder / grassAccusativedirect object of δώσει→ object specificationχόρτασμα: 'fodder / pasturage / food (for animals)'; from χορτάζω ('feed / fill'); renders עֵשֶׂב ('herbage'); the grass of the fields for the livestock — the land's bounty embraces beasts as well as people (cf. χόρτασμα at Acts 7:11 for Egypt's grain-supply).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροῖςfieldsDativedative of place (locative: 'in your fields')→ sphere or referenceἀγρός: 'field / countryside'; renders שָׂדֶה; the open fields where the cattle graze on the rain-given grass.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνεσίνcattle / livestockDativedative of advantage ('for your cattle')→ sphere or referenceκτῆνος: 'beast / domestic animal / livestock'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the dative of advantage — the grass is given for the benefit of the livestock; the same noun denoted the doomed Egyptian firstborn beasts (Exod 11:5), here it marks the blessed flocks of obedient Israel.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαγὼνhaving eatenAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐσθίωcircumstantial participle (singular, addressing Israel)→ coincident/antecedent aorist participle (eating to fulness)ἐσθίω (aor. ptcp. φαγών): 'eat'; renders אָכַל; the participle 'having eaten' (here functioning loosely, the sentence trailing into the warning of v. 16) recalls the Deuteronomic satiety-formula 'you shall eat and be filled' (6:11; 8:10); abundance is real, but it is also the threshold of temptation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλησθεὶςhaving been filledAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐμπίμπλημιcircumstantial participle (coordinate with φαγών)→ resultative aorist passive participle (reaching satiety)ἐμπίμπλημι (aor. pass. ptcp. ἐμπλησθείς): 'fill up / satisfy'; renders שָׂבַע; 'having been filled / satisfied'; the passive points to YHWH as the ultimate source of the satisfaction; the satiety-motif sets up the warning of v. 16 — full stomachs can breed forgetful, deceived hearts (cf. 8:12–14; 32:15).
16

πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ μὴ πλατυνθῇ ἡ καρδία σου καὶ παραβῆτε καὶ λατρεύσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις καὶ προσκυνήσητε αὐτοῖς

Take heed to yourself, lest your heart be enlarged and you transgress and serve other gods and bow down to them;

Counter-warning: the danger of apostasy in prosperityπρόσεχε σεαυτῷ
The blessing's flip-side: the imperative πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ ('take heed to yourself') introduces the danger that satiety breeds. The vivid πλατυνθῇ ἡ καρδία ('lest your heart be widened/enlarged') figures pride and self-indulgence as a heart grown bloated, leading to a chain of apostasy: transgress, serve other gods, bow down to them. The verb λατρεύσητε deliberately echoes the positive λατρεύειν of v. 13 — the very service owed to YHWH alone, now perverted toward idols.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πρόσεχεtake heedPres Act Impv 2 Sg · προσέχωmain verb (warning imperative)→ durative present imperative (continual vigilance)προσέχω: 'attend to / take heed / beware'; renders שָׁמַר (Niphal, הִשָּׁמֶר); the idiom πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ ('watch yourself') is a Deuteronomic warning-formula (cf. 4:9; 6:12; 12:13, 19); the present imperative calls for ongoing self-watchfulness against the subtle drift into apostasy.
σεαυτῷto yourselfDativereflexive dative (object of προσέχω)→ sphere or referenceσεαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun, 'yourself'; the dative with προσέχω directs the vigilance inward — the danger is not external assault but internal corruption of the heart.
μὴlest / notnegative conjunction introducing the feared outcome (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: 'lest / not'; with the subjunctive introduces the apprehensive clause — the feared possibility against which Israel must guard.
πλατυνθῇbe enlarged / widenedAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · πλατύνωverb of the apprehensive clause→ ingressive aorist passive subjunctive (the heart coming to be swollen)πλατύνω: 'make broad / widen / enlarge'; from πλατύς ('broad'); renders רָחַב ('be wide / proud'); 'lest your heart be enlarged' is an idiom for becoming proud, self-satisfied, or wanton in prosperity — the swollen heart that forgets its Giver (cf. 8:14, 'your heart be lifted up'); the same verb is used positively by Paul (2 Cor 6:11, 'our heart is enlarged' in affection) — context determines whether enlargement is generosity or pride.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of πλατυνθῇ→ participant prominenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵבָב; the heart that was to love God wholly (v. 13) is the very organ in danger of being 'enlarged' with pride; apostasy begins in the heart before it manifests in idolatry.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the feared chain)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραβῆτεyou transgress / turn asideAor Act Subj 2 Pl · παραβαίνωverb of the apprehensive clause (coordinate)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the act of transgressing)παραβαίνω: 'step aside / transgress / turn away'; renders סוּר ('turn aside'); the literal 'step across/aside' pictures apostasy as deviation from the covenant path (cf. v. 28, 'turn aside from the way'); the shift to plural παραβῆτε (Numeruswechsel) broadens the warning to the whole community.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύσητεyou serveAor Act Subj 2 Pl · λατρεύωverb of the apprehensive clause (coordinate)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the act of idolatrous service)λατρεύω: 'serve / worship'; renders עָבַד; the deliberate echo of v. 13 (λατρεύειν αὐτῷ, 'serve him') is pointed — the very service due to YHWH alone is here perverted toward 'other gods'; covenant infidelity is misdirected worship.
θεοῖςgodsDativedative object of λατρεύσητε→ sphere or referenceθεός: 'god'; here the dative plural θεοῖς ἑτέροις ('other gods'), the idols of the nations; λατρεύω takes a dative object — service rendered to false deities, the cardinal covenant sin.
ἑτέροιςotherDativeattributive adjective (modifying θεοῖς)→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: 'other / another (of a different kind)'; renders אֲחֵרִים; θεοὶ ἕτεροι ('other gods') is the fixed Deuteronomic designation for the idols whose worship breaks the first commandment (cf. 5:7; 6:14; 7:4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσητεyou bow down / worshipAor Act Subj 2 Pl · προσκυνέωverb of the apprehensive clause (final member of the chain)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the act of prostration)προσκυνέω: 'bow down / do obeisance / worship'; renders הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה; the act of physical prostration before an idol — the visible culmination of apostasy (heart-pride → transgression → service → prostration); the verb denotes the homage owed to God alone, here scandalously offered to other gods.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of προσκυνήσητε (the other gods)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl. αὐτοῖς): προσκυνέω takes a dative object; prostration 'to them' — the idols — completes the catalogue of the forbidden apostasy.
17

καὶ θυμωθεὶς ὀργῇ κύριος ἐφ᾿ ὑμῖν καὶ συσχῇ τὸν οὐρανόν καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὑετός καὶ ἡ γῆ οὐ δώσει τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς καὶ ἀπολεῖσθε ἐν τάχει ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τῆς ἀγαθῆς ἧς ἔδωκεν ὁ κύριος ὑμῖν

and the LORD, being kindled with anger against you, shut up heaven, and there be no rain, and the land not give its fruit, and you swiftly perish from the good land which the LORD has given you.

Consequence of apostasy: drought, barrenness, and exileκαὶ θυμωθεὶς ὀργῇ κύριος
The dreadful consequence of apostasy: YHWH's kindled wrath (θυμωθεὶς ὀργῇ, a cognate intensification) shuts up heaven (συσχῇ τὸν οὐρανόν) so there is no rain, the land yields no fruit, and Israel swiftly perishes from the good land. The reversal is exact — the land that drinks heaven's rain (v. 11) becomes barren when heaven is closed; the God who gives rain (v. 14, δώσει) withholds it, and the land that 'gives' fruit (δώσει) gives none. ἀπολεῖσθε ('you shall perish') echoes the destruction of Egypt's army (v. 4, ἀπώλεσεν) — covenant Israel can meet Egypt's fate.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμωθεὶςbeing angeredAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · θυμόωcircumstantial participle (modifying κύριος)→ ingressive aorist passive participle (wrath flaring up)θυμόω: 'make angry'; passive 'become angry / be enraged'; renders חָרָה אַף ('the nose/anger burns'); the participle θυμωθείς ('being kindled with wrath') with the cognate dative ὀργῇ heaps up the language of divine anger — apostasy provokes not mild displeasure but burning wrath.
ὀργῇwith angerDativecognate/instrumental dative (intensifying θυμωθείς)→ sphere or referenceὀργή: 'anger / wrath'; the dative ὀργῇ with θυμωθείς ('angered with anger') is a Hebraizing cognate construction intensifying the wrath; ὀργή and θυμός together render the burning divine anger (אַף / חֵמָה) against covenant betrayal.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συσχῇ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the same LORD whose eyes watch over the land in care (v. 12) here turns in wrath against the apostate people.
ἐφ᾿againstpreposition + dative (elided: hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dative: 'against / upon'; ἐφ᾿ ὑμῖν ('against you') marks the people as the object of the divine wrath.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative object of ἐπί→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐπί.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συσχῇhe shut up / closeAor Act Subj 3 Sg · συνέχωverb of the consequence clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the act of closing heaven)συνέχω: 'hold together / shut up / close'; renders עָצַר ('restrain / shut'); 'shut up heaven' (συσχῇ τὸν οὐρανόν) is the precise reversal of the rain-blessing — heaven, the source of the land's water (v. 11), is sealed; the same image recurs at 1 Kgs 8:35 and James 5:17–18 (Elijah's prayer that shut and opened heaven).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenAccusativedirect object of συσχῇ→ object specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; renders שָׁמַיִם; the heaven from which the rain comes (v. 11, ὑετὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ) is here 'shut up' — the withholding of rain is figured as the closing of the sky's storehouses (cf. 28:23–24).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegation (with ἔσται)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσταιthere shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential: 'there will be no rain')→ predictive future (the resulting drought)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be / exist'; the existential 'there shall be no rain' (οὐκ ἔσται ὑετός) states the bare, devastating fact of drought — the direct negation of the v. 14 promise (δώσει τὸν ὑετόν).
ὑετόςrainNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceὑετός: 'rain'; renders מָטָר; the keyword of the chapter — its absence is the curse, as its presence is the blessing; the whole rain-theology (vv. 11, 14, 17) pivots on this single word.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject of δώσει→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the land that 'drinks' rain (v. 11) and whose fruit is YHWH's gift now gives nothing — barrenness follows the closed heaven.
οὐnotnegation (with δώσει)→ participant referenceοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as negation (with δώσει).
δώσειwill giveFut Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the land as subject)→ predictive future (failure of produce)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; 'the land will not give its fruit' (ἡ γῆ οὐ δώσει τὸν καρπόν) is the exact negative of YHWH's giving in v. 14 (δώσει τὸν ὑετόν) — when heaven gives no rain, the land gives no fruit; the repeated δίδωμι binds blessing and curse to a single divine prerogative.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸνfruit / produceAccusativedirect object of δώσει→ object specificationκαρπός: 'fruit / produce / yield'; renders פְּרִי / יְבוּל; the land's agricultural yield (grain, wine, oil of v. 14), withheld in the drought of judgment.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολεῖσθεyou shall perishFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (final consequence: exile/destruction)→ predictive future (the threatened ruin)ἀπόλλυμι (mid. ἀπολοῦμαι): 'perish / be destroyed'; renders אָבַד; the middle 'you shall perish' is the climactic threat — removal from the good land; the verb deliberately echoes ἀπώλεσεν of v. 4 (YHWH 'destroyed' the Egyptians): the God who destroyed Egypt can also destroy a faithless Israel; this foreshadows the exile (cf. 4:26; 28:63–64).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner/speed)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner/speed).
τάχειquickly / swiftlyDativedative of manner (in the idiom ἐν τάχει: 'swiftly')→ sphere or referenceτάχος: 'speed / swiftness'; the idiom ἐν τάχει ('quickly / soon') renders מַהֵר; the perishing will be swift — judgment, once provoked, is not slow; cf. the same phrase at 7:4.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: removal from the land)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ('from the land') marks the separation — perishing means being torn away from the very inheritance that was promised.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the good land, gift of YHWH, from which apostasy brings expulsion — the bitterest reversal of the covenant blessing.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive with ἀγαθῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθῆςgoodGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying γῆς)→ relational specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; renders טוֹב; 'the good land' (ἡ γῆ ἡ ἀγαθή) is a Deuteronomic epithet (cf. 1:35; 3:25; 8:7) — the goodness of the gift heightens the tragedy of its forfeiture.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκεν, attracted to genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive ἧς (by attraction to γῆς) introduces the reminder that the land is YHWH's gift — making its loss the more grievous.
ἔδωκενhas givenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the settled gift of the land)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the land is YHWH's gift (ἔδωκεν) — the third use of δίδωμι in the verse's orbit (cf. δώσει vv. 14, 17), underscoring that the same God who gives rain, fruit, and land can withhold all three.
theNominativearticle (with κύριος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἔδωκεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the giver of the good land, whose gift is conditional on covenant faithfulness.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of ἔδωκεν→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of ἔδωκεν.
18

καὶ ἐμβαλεῖτε τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν καὶ εἰς τὴν ψυχὴν ὑμῶν καὶ ἀφάψετε αὐτὰ εἰς σημεῖον ἐπὶ τῆς χειρὸς ὑμῶν καὶ ἔσται ἀσάλευτον πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ὑμῶν

And you shall lay up these words in your heart and in your soul, and you shall bind them as a sign upon your hand, and it shall be immovable before your eyes.

The second Shema-paragraph: internalize and bind the words (new section)καὶ ἐμβαλεῖτε τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα
Echoing 6:6–9, the chapter turns to the means of perpetual covenant memory. The remedy against the apostasy just warned of (vv. 16–17) is the inward and outward fixing of 'these words': lay them up (ἐμβαλεῖτε) in heart and soul, bind them (ἀφάψετε) as a sign on the hand, keep them immovable (ἀσάλευτον) before the eyes. The language grounds the later Jewish practice of tefillin (phylacteries); the heart-soul-hand-eyes sequence binds the whole person — inner and outer — to the word.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβαλεῖτεyou shall lay up / putFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἐμβάλλωmain verb (directive future)→ directive future (imperatival force)ἐμβάλλω: 'throw in / put in / lay up'; renders שׂוּם ('place / set'); 'cast/lay these words into your heart' images the word as a treasure deliberately deposited in the inmost self; the directive future has the force of a command.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsAccusativedirect object of ἐμβαλεῖτε→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / saying / thing spoken'; renders דָּבָר; 'these words' are the commandments just rehearsed; the same ῥήματα are the antecedent of all the suffixes (αὐτά) through vv. 18–20 — internalized, bound, taught, and written.
ταῦταtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ῥήματα)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'this / these'; the deictic 'these words' points to the immediate covenant instruction Moses is delivering — the words to be fixed in heart and on body.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of deposit)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of deposit).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (place of deposit)→ object specificationκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵבָב; the heart that was warned against being 'enlarged' with pride (v. 16) is here to be filled instead with God's words — the antidote to apostasy is an interior saturated with the commandment.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (plural)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (plural).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (parallel)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (parallel).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνsoulAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (parallel to καρδίαν)→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / life / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; 'heart and soul' together (cf. v. 13) denote the whole inner person — the words are to permeate the entire self.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφάψετεyou shall bind / fastenFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφάπτωmain verb (directive future)→ directive future (imperatival force)ἀφάπτω: 'fasten / bind on / attach'; renders קָשַׁר ('bind'); 'you shall bind them as a sign on your hand' is the textual basis (with 6:8) for the practice of tefillin/phylacteries (cf. Matt 23:5); the word is to be not only internalized but physically attached to the body.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἀφάψετε (resuming τὰ ῥήματα)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter plural αὐτά refers back to τὰ ῥήματα ('these words'), the constant object through vv. 18–20.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (Hebraistic εἰς of result/purpose: 'as a sign')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'into / as'; the εἰς σημεῖον ('as a sign') is the Hebraizing 'εἰς of predication' (rendering לְ), denoting the function the bound words serve — a sign/token.
σημεῖονa signAccusativeaccusative of result/predication (with εἰς)→ object specificationσημεῖον: 'sign / token'; renders אוֹת; the bound words serve as a perpetual reminder-sign on the hand; the same word denoted the 'signs' YHWH worked in Egypt (v. 3) — the covenant word itself becomes a sign upon the obedient.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position: 'on the hand')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: 'on the hand').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location of the sign)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; the hand bears the sign of the word — the same word χείρ denoted YHWH's 'mighty hand' in the Exodus (v. 2); now Israel's hand is to bear his commandments.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate with ἀσάλευτον)→ predictive future (the abiding state of the sign)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; the singular subject is the collective σημεῖον/the bound word — it 'shall be immovable before your eyes,' an ever-present visual reminder.
ἀσάλευτονimmovable / unshakenNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἀσάλευτος: 'unshaken / immovable / unmoving'; from ἀ- (privative) + σαλεύω ('shake'); the LXX renders the Hebrew טוֹטָפֹת ('frontlets / bands between the eyes') with the notion of something fixed/immovable before the eyes; the word reappears in the NT for what cannot be shaken (Acts 27:41; Heb 12:28, βασιλείαν ἀσάλευτον, 'a kingdom that cannot be shaken').
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (position: 'before the eyes')→ spatial or relational framingπρό: 'before / in front of'; πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ('before the eyes') locates the sign in constant view — corresponding to the frontlets between the eyes (6:8); the word is to be perpetually in sight.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesGenitivegenitive object of πρό→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; renders עֵינַיִם; the eyes that 'have seen' YHWH's works (v. 7) and over which YHWH's own eyes watch (v. 12) are now to have his words fixed immovably before them.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
19

καὶ διδάξετε αὐτὰ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν λαλεῖν αὐτὰ καθημένους ἐν οἴκῳ καὶ πορευομένους ἐν ὁδῷ καὶ κοιταζομένους καὶ διανισταμένους

And you shall teach them to your children, to speak of them when sitting at home and when going on the road and when lying down and when rising up.

The Shema-paragraph continued: teaching the childrenκαὶ διδάξετε αὐτὰ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν
The transmission to the next generation — the very children who 'did not see' (v. 2) — is the heart of the command: teach them, speak of them constantly. The four participles (καθημένους … πορευομένους … κοιταζομένους … διανισταμένους) describe the whole round of daily life — sitting, walking, lying down, rising — a merism for 'always,' echoing 6:7. Covenant memory is sustained not by occasional ritual but by ceaseless domestic instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διδάξετεyou shall teachFut Act Indic 2 Pl · διδάσκωmain verb (directive future)→ directive future (imperatival force)διδάσκω: 'teach'; renders לִמֵּד; the active teaching of the children is the means of generational continuity; the verb governs a double accusative (αὐτά … τὰ τέκνα, 'teach them to your children').
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the words taught)→ participant referenceαὐτός: neuter plural referring to τὰ ῥήματα ('these words', v. 18) — the constant object of internalizing, binding, teaching, and writing.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenAccusativeaccusative (second object of διδάξετε: the persons taught)→ object specificationτέκνον: 'child'; renders בָּנִים; the children are the ones who 'did not see' the great works (v. 2) and so must be taught — instruction replaces eyewitness as the means of covenant transmission across generations.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
λαλεῖνto speakPres Act Infin · λαλέωepexegetical/purpose infinitive (specifying the teaching)→ imperfective infinitive (continual speaking)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֵּר; the infinitive specifies the mode of teaching — constant conversation about the words; the present tense underscores ongoing, habitual speech, not a single lesson.
αὐτὰof themAccusativedirect object of λαλεῖν→ participant referenceαὐτός: again the words — the constant subject of conversation in the household.
καθημένουςsittingPres Mid Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · κάθημαιcircumstantial participle (temporal: 'when sitting')→ imperfective participle (ongoing state)κάθημαι: 'sit / be seated'; renders שֶׁבֶת; 'sitting at home' is the first of four life-situations (sitting, walking, lying, rising) that together form a merism for 'at all times' (cf. 6:7); the accusative participles agree with the implied subject of λαλεῖν ('you' / 'them').
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἴκῳhouse / homeDativedative of place (locative: 'at home')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / home'; renders בַּיִת; the domestic setting of covenant instruction — the home as the primary school of the word.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορευομένουςgoing / walkingPres Mid Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · πορεύομαιcircumstantial participle (temporal: 'when going')→ imperfective participle (ongoing action)πορεύομαι: 'go / walk / journey'; renders לֶכֶת; 'walking on the road' — the second life-situation; instruction accompanies Israel's movements as well as its rest.
ἐνon / inpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ὁδῷroad / wayDativedative of place (locative: 'on the road')→ sphere or referenceὁδός: 'road / way / journey'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; 'on the road' — instruction in travel; the same word ὁδός denotes the covenant 'way' from which one must not turn aside (v. 28).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιταζομένουςlying downPres Mid Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · κοιτάζομαιcircumstantial participle (temporal: 'when lying down')→ imperfective participle (ongoing action)κοιτάζομαι: 'lie down / go to bed / rest'; from κοίτη ('bed'); renders שָׁכַב; 'lying down' — the third life-situation, the close of the day; covenant words frame even the moment of sleep.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διανισταμένουςrising upPres Mid Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · διανίστημιcircumstantial participle (temporal: 'when rising up')→ imperfective participle (ongoing action)διανίστημι (mid. 'rise up'): 'get up / arise'; the compound δια- intensifies ἵστημι; renders קוּם; 'rising up' — the fourth life-situation, the start of the day; the lying-down/rising-up pair brackets the whole day, completing the merism: the words are to be spoken at every moment of life (cf. 6:7).
20

καὶ γράψετε αὐτὰ ἐπὶ τὰς φλιὰς τῶν οἰκιῶν ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν πυλῶν ὑμῶν

And you shall write them on the doorposts of your houses and of your gates,

The Shema-paragraph concluded: writing on doorposts and gatesκαὶ γράψετε αὐτὰ
The final mode of fixing the word: writing it on the doorposts (φλιάς) of houses and gates — the textual basis (with 6:9) for the mezuzah. The word thus pervades the whole environment of life: the inner self (heart/soul, v. 18), the body (hand/eyes, v. 18), the family (children, v. 19), and now the dwelling and the public space (houses/gates). Nothing is left untouched by the covenant word.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γράψετεyou shall writeFut Act Indic 2 Pl · γράφωmain verb (directive future)→ directive future (imperatival force)γράφω: 'write'; renders כָּתַב; 'you shall write them on the doorposts' is the textual basis (with 6:9) for the Jewish mezuzah — the word inscribed at the threshold of every home; the directive future completes the series of commands (lay up, bind, teach, write).
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of γράψετε (the words)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the neuter plural again refers to τὰ ῥήματα ('these words'), now to be inscribed on the doorposts.
ἐπὶonpreposition + accusative (surface written upon)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (surface written upon).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φλιὰςdoorpostsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (surface inscribed)→ object specificationφλιά: 'doorpost / jamb'; renders מְזוּזָה; the doorpost is the threshold-marker of the home; inscribing the word there (the mezuzah) consecrates the household's comings and goings under the covenant — the same φλιά on which the Passover blood was applied (Exod 12:7).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκιῶνhousesGenitivegenitive of possession (doorposts of the houses)→ relational specificationοἰκία: 'house / dwelling'; renders בַּיִת; the private dwellings whose doorposts bear the word — the home sanctified by the inscribed commandment.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶνgatesGenitivegenitive of possession (doorposts of the gates)→ relational specificationπύλη: 'gate'; renders שַׁעַר; the city/town gates — the public spaces of communal life and justice; inscribing the word on the gates extends covenant consecration from the private home to the public square.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
21

ἵνα πολυημερεύσητε καὶ αἱ ἡμέραι τῶν υἱῶν ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἧς ὤμοσεν κύριος τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν δοῦναι αὐτοῖς καθὼς αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

that your days may be multiplied, and the days of your children, upon the land which the LORD swore to your fathers to give to them, as the days of heaven upon the earth.

Purpose clause: long life as the fruit of remembering the wordἵνα πολυημερεύσητε
The purpose of all the preceding commands (vv. 18–20): the multiplication of days for Israel and its children on the sworn land. The clause caps the Shema-paragraph as v. 9 capped the first exhortation, again grounding longevity in the patriarchal oath. The striking simile καθὼς αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ('as the days of heaven upon the earth') likens covenant longevity to the permanence of the heavens — as long as heaven endures over the earth, so long may the faithful dwell in the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἵναthatconjunction introducing purpose clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: 'in order that'; introduces the purpose of internalizing, binding, teaching, and writing the words — the multiplication of days in the land.
πολυημερεύσητεyou may have many daysAor Act Subj 2 Pl · πολυημερεύωverb of purpose clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (attaining length of days)πολυημερεύω: 'have many days / be long-lived' (πολύς + ἡμέρα); a LXX coinage parallel to μακροημερεύω (v. 9), rendering Hebrew הַאֲרִיךְ יָמִים / רָבָה יָמִים; the multiplication of days is the covenant reward — life extended in the land for those who keep the word.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject (implied 'may be multiplied': the days of the children)→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; 'the days of your children' extends the blessing to the next generation — the very children to be taught (v. 19); covenant fidelity secures not only one's own longevity but the future of one's descendants.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsons / childrenGenitivegenitive of possession (the children's days)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son / child'; renders בָּנִים; the descendants whose days are bound up with the parents' covenant faithfulness.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (locative: 'upon the land')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative: 'upon the land').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of promise, the place where long life is enjoyed.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ὤμοσεν, attracted to genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive ἧς (by attraction to γῆς) recalls the land as the sworn patrimony — the oath-clause repeated almost verbatim from v. 9.
ὤμοσενsworeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὄμνυμιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the patriarchal oath)ὄμνυμι: 'swear'; renders נִשְׁבַּע; the divine land-oath to the patriarchs, the unchanging guarantee underlying the promise of long life.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ὤμοσεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the oath-taker whose sworn word secures the land.
τοῖςto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object of ὤμοσεν→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָבוֹת; the patriarchs, recipients of the land-oath (cf. v. 9).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Infin · δίδωμιinfinitive (content of the oath)→ complementary infinitive (the substance of the oath)δίδωμι (aor. infin.): 'give'; renders נָתַן; the content of the sworn promise — to give the land; the land is always YHWH's gift.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object of δοῦναι→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of δοῦναι.
καθὼςas / just ascomparative conjunction (introducing the simile)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as / according as'; introduces the striking comparison of covenant longevity to the permanence of the heavens — 'as the days of heaven upon the earth.'
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject of the comparative clause (implied 'are/endure')→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; 'the days of heaven upon the earth' — a proverbial image of permanence (cf. Ps 89:29); covenant longevity is likened to the enduring of the sky over the land, as long as the world stands.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of possession (days of heaven)→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; renders שָׁמַיִם; 'the days of heaven' — the enduring heavens, the measure of unending time; the same οὐρανός that gives rain (v. 11) and can be shut up (v. 17) here stands as the image of perpetuity.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the earth over which heaven endures)→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth / land'; here in the cosmic sense 'the earth' over which the heavens endure — the simile of permanence completing the promise of long life in the land.
22

καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν ἀκοῇ ἀκούσητε πάσας τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὅσας ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι σήμερον ποιεῖν ἀγαπᾶν κύριον τὸν θεὸν ἡμῶν καὶ πορεύεσθαι ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ προσκολλᾶσθαι αὐτῷ

For it shall be, if you truly hear all these commandments which I command you today to do — to love the LORD our God and to walk in all his ways and to cleave to him —

Protasis of the conquest-promise conditional (new section)καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν ἀκοῇ ἀκούσητε
A renewed conditional, parallel to v. 13, now governing the promise of conquest. The Hebraizing cognate-dative ἀκοῇ ἀκούσητε ('if hearing you hear') again renders the emphatic infinitive absolute. The covenant ideal is expanded into a triad: ἀγαπᾶν ('love'), πορεύεσθαι ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς ('walk in his ways'), and προσκολλᾶσθαι ('cleave / be glued to him') — the language of intimate, exclusive attachment (cf. Gen 2:24). The apodosis follows in v. 23.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶand / forcoordinate conjunction (introducing new conditional)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal: introducing the condition, Hebraism)→ predictive future (the apodotic 'it shall come to pass')εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; the formula καὶ ἔσται ἐάν ('and it shall be, if') renders the Hebrew וְהָיָה אִם, a standard introduction to a conditional promise (cf. v. 13 for the parallel construction).
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the conditional protasis governing the conquest-promise of vv. 23–25.
ἀκοῇby hearingDativecognate dative (Hebraism intensifying ἀκούσητε)→ sphere or referenceἀκοή: 'hearing'; the cognate dative ἀκοῇ ἀκούσητε ('with hearing you hear') again renders the Hebrew infinitive absolute שָׁמֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ (cf. v. 13), expressing the diligence/certainty of the required obedience.
ἀκούσητεyou hear / obeyAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀκούωverb of the protasis→ aorist subjunctive (the condition of obedience)ἀκούω: 'hear / listen / obey'; renders שָׁמַע; 'hearing' in the obedient sense — to truly hear the commandments is to do them, as the following ποιεῖν ('to do') makes explicit.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐντολάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensiveness of obedience — every one of these commandments.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσητε→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; renders מִצְוָה; the body of covenant command, the object of obedient hearing.
ταύταςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἐντολάς)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'this / these'; the deictic 'these commandments' points to the immediate body of instruction Moses is delivering.
ὅσαςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐντέλλομαι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as'; links the commandments to Moses' present commanding.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject of ἐντέλλομαι→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; the recurring ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι formula (cf. vv. 8, 13, 27, 28).
ἐντέλλομαίcommandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ performative presentἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the performative present — Moses commands in the act of speaking.
σοιyouDativedative indirect object (singular)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοι): singular amid plural verbs (Numeruswechsel).
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the Deuteronomic present moment of commandment.
ποιεῖνto do / to keepPres Act Infin · ποιέωinfinitive of purpose/epexegesis (specifying obedience as doing)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing performance)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; 'to do them' makes explicit that hearing the commandments means performing them — covenant obedience is not assent but action.
ἀγαπᾶνto lovePres Act Infin · ἀγαπάωepexegetical infinitive (first member of the covenant triad)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing love)ἀγαπάω: 'love'; renders אָהַב; the first of the triad love/walk/cleave; covenant love is again the inner principle of all obedience (cf. vv. 1, 13).
κύριονthe LORDAccusativedirect object of ἀγαπᾶν→ object specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD our God.'
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession (1st person plural)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'our'; the shift to first-person 'our God' (where MT has 'your') draws Moses himself into the covenant community he addresses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύεσθαιto walkPres Mid Infin · πορεύομαιepexegetical infinitive (second member of the triad)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing walking)πορεύομαι: 'go / walk / proceed'; renders הָלַךְ; 'to walk in all his ways' is the standard Deuteronomic metaphor for a manner of life conformed to YHWH's will (cf. 5:33; 8:6); the 'way' (ὁδός) recurs at v. 28 as the path from which one must not turn aside.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative/sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative/sphere).
πάσαιςallDativeattributive adjective (modifying ὁδοῖς)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'all his ways' — the totality of YHWH's revealed manner of life, not a selective path.
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwaysDativedative object of ἐν (sphere of walking)→ sphere or referenceὁδός: 'way / road / manner of life'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; YHWH's 'ways' are his commandments understood as a path to be walked — a comprehensive way of living.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκολλᾶσθαιto cleave / clingPres Mid Infin · προσκολλάωepexegetical infinitive (third member of the triad)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing attachment)προσκολλάω (mid. 'cleave to'): 'glue to / join closely / cling'; renders דָּבַק ('cleave'); the most intimate verb of covenant attachment — the same word used of a man cleaving to his wife (Gen 2:24, προσκολληθήσεται; cf. Matt 19:5); to 'cleave to YHWH' (cf. 10:20; 13:4) denotes loyal, exclusive, unbreakable devotion.
αὐτῷto himDativedative object of προσκολλᾶσθαι→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῷ): προσκολλάομαι takes a dative — cleaving 'to him' alone, the heart of exclusive covenant loyalty.
23

καὶ ἐκβαλεῖ κύριος πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ταῦτα ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν καὶ κληρονομήσετε ἔθνη μεγάλα καὶ ἰσχυρότερα μᾶλλον ἢ ὑμεῖς

then the LORD will drive out all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations greater and mightier than you.

Apodosis: the LORD's dispossession of the nationsκαὶ ἐκβαλεῖ κύριος
The apodosis: YHWH himself (ἐκβαλεῖ κύριος) will drive out the nations from before Israel, and Israel will dispossess (κληρονομήσετε) nations greater and stronger than itself. The conquest is YHWH's act, not Israel's military prowess — the same God who 'destroyed' Egypt (v. 4) and 'drives out' the nations gives the land as inheritance. The acknowledgment that the nations are 'greater and mightier' (μεγάλα καὶ ἰσχυρότερα) underscores that victory rests on divine power, not numerical strength (cf. 7:1, 7).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶthen / andapodotic καί (introducing the apodosis, Hebraism)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic ('then'), introducing the consequence of the condition in v. 22.
ἐκβαλεῖwill drive outFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκβάλλωmain verb of apodosis (YHWH as subject)→ predictive future (the promised dispossession)ἐκβάλλω: 'throw out / drive out / expel'; renders יָרַשׁ (Hiphil) / גָּרַשׁ; YHWH 'drives out' the nations before Israel — the same verb used of Pharaoh driving out Israel (Exod 11:1); now YHWH reverses the dynamic, expelling the Canaanite nations to make room for his people.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐκβαλεῖ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine warrior who dispossesses the nations — the conquest is his work.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔθνη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the nations to be dispossessed — no remnant left to corrupt Israel (cf. 7:2).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsAccusativedirect object of ἐκβαλεῖ→ object specificationἔθνος: 'nation / people / gentiles'; renders גּוֹי; the Canaanite nations occupying the land; their dispossession is the precondition of Israel's inheritance.
ταῦταtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἔθνη)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'this / these'; the specific nations of Canaan known to the hearers (cf. the list at 7:1).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation, in idiom 'from before')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; in ἀπὸ προσώπου ('from the face/presence of') a Hebraism (מִפְּנֵי) meaning 'from before you' — the nations are expelled from Israel's path.
προσώπουface / presenceGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (idiomatic: 'from before')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν ('from before you') renders מִפְּנֵיכֶם — the nations flee/are driven from Israel's advancing presence.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (plural)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (plural).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομήσετεyou will dispossess / inheritFut Act Indic 2 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (Israel as subject)→ predictive future (the resulting possession)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession / dispossess'; renders יָרַשׁ; here in the sense of 'dispossess / take over the inheritance of' — Israel inherits the land by taking the place of the nations YHWH drives out; the keyword of the land-theme (cf. vv. 8, 11, 31).
ἔθνηnationsAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσετε→ object specificationἔθνος: 'nation'; the nations whose land and place Israel takes over.
μεγάλαgreatAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔθνη)→ object specificationμέγας: 'great / large'; renders גָּדוֹל; the nations are 'great' — larger and more populous than Israel; their conquest demonstrates YHWH's power, not Israel's might.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρότεραmightier / strongerAccusativecomparative adjective (modifying ἔθνη)→ object specificationἰσχυρός (compar. ἰσχυρότερος): 'strong / mighty'; renders עָצוּם; the comparative 'mightier' stresses the disproportion — Israel, the lesser people (cf. 7:7), dispossesses the stronger only by divine enablement.
μᾶλλονmore / ratheradverb (intensifying the comparison)→ clausal contributionμᾶλλον: 'more / rather'; reinforces the comparative ἰσχυρότερα ('mightier … than you'); the pleonastic μᾶλλον ἤ ('more than') is a Koine intensification of the comparison.
thancomparative particle ('than')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'than'; the particle of comparison introducing the standard (ὑμεῖς, 'you') against which the nations are measured.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativenominative of comparison (subject of implied 'are')→ participant referenceσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic 'you' — Israel, the smaller and weaker, set against the great nations; the contrast magnifies the divine grace and power in the conquest.
24

πάντα τὸν τόπον οὗ ἐὰν πατήσῃ τὸ ἴχνος τοῦ ποδὸς ὑμῶν ὑμῖν ἔσται ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρήμου καὶ Ἀντιλιβάνου καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου ποταμοῦ Εὐφράτου καὶ ἕως τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς ἐπὶ δυσμῶν ἔσται τὰ ὅριά σου

Every place on which the print of the sole of your foot shall tread will be yours; from the wilderness and Antilebanon and from the river, the great river Euphrates, even to the sea on the west, shall be your borders.

The extent of the promised inheritance: the borders of the landπάντα τὸν τόπον
The promise of conquest is given vast territorial scope: every place the foot treads (οὗ ἐὰν πατήσῃ τὸ ἴχνος τοῦ ποδός) will belong to Israel. The idealized borders span from the southern wilderness and Antilebanon in the north, from the Euphrates ('the great river') in the east to the Mediterranean ('the sea on the west') — the maximal extent of the promise first given to Abraham (Gen 15:18), realized at its fullest under Solomon (1 Kgs 4:21).
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τόπον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; 'every place' — the comprehensiveness of the territorial promise; wherever Israel treads becomes its possession.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceAccusativeaccusative (fronted, resumed by ὑμῖν ἔσται)→ object specificationτόπος: 'place / location'; renders מָקוֹם; every spot trodden by Israel's foot — the measure of the inheritance is the reach of the people's advance.
οὗwhere / on whichrelative adverb of place→ participant referenceοὗ: 'where'; the relative adverb of place introducing the condition — 'wherever' the foot treads.
ἐὰνif / -everconditional particle (with subjunctive: generalizing 'wherever')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: with the relative οὗ forms οὗ ἐάν ('wherever'), a generalizing construction with the subjunctive — any and every place trodden.
πατήσῃmay treadAor Act Subj 3 Sg · πατέωverb of the generalizing relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing condition)πατέω: 'tread / walk on / trample'; renders דָּרַךְ; 'wherever the sole treads' — the act of treading symbolically claims the land; the same gesture of taking possession underlies Josh 1:3 (every place the sole of your foot treads I have given you).
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἴχνοςprint / track / soleNominativesubject of πατήσῃ→ participant prominenceἴχνος: 'footprint / track / sole'; renders כַּף ('sole'); 'the print of the sole of your foot' — the most concrete measure of possession; Paul uses ἴχνος metaphorically for 'footsteps' to follow (Rom 4:12).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδὸςfootGenitivegenitive (with ἴχνος: 'print of the foot')→ relational specificationπούς: 'foot'; renders רֶגֶל; the foot whose tread claims the land — a pointed contrast to Egypt watered 'by foot' (τοῖς ποσίν, v. 10): there the foot labored at irrigation, here it strides in conquest.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὑμῖνyoursDativedative of possession ('shall be yours')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. ὑμῖν): the dative of possession with ἔσται — 'shall be to/for you' = 'shall be yours'; the trodden ground becomes Israel's by divine grant.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession: 'shall be yours')→ predictive future (the promised possession)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; with the dative of possession 'shall be yours' — the promise that the trodden land becomes Israel's inheritance.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (boundary marker: southern/starting limit)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; the boundary-formula ἀπό … καί … καὶ ἕως ('from … and … to') delineates the idealized extent of the land.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμουwildernessGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (southern boundary)→ relational specificationἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the southern desert boundary of the promised territory.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἈντιλιβάνουAntilebanonGenitivegenitive (boundary: the northern mountain range)→ relational specificationἈντιλίβανος: 'Antilebanon'; the LXX's rendering of הַלְּבָנוֹן ('the Lebanon'); the Antilebanon range marks the northern boundary of the promised land; declined as a regular second-declension noun (gen. Ἀντιλιβάνου).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (eastern boundary marker)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (eastern boundary marker).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (eastern boundary)→ relational specificationποταμός: 'river'; renders נָהָר; 'the river' par excellence — identified next as the Euphrates, the eastern boundary of the idealized land.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive with μεγάλου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλουgreatGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ποταμοῦ)→ relational specificationμέγας: 'great'; 'the great river' is the stock epithet of the Euphrates (cf. Gen 15:18; Deut 1:7), the major waterway marking the northeastern limit of the promise.
ποταμοῦriverGenitivegenitive in apposition (restating before the name)→ relational specificationποταμός: 'river'; the appositional repetition 'the great river, the river Euphrates' is a Hebraism (הַנָּהָר הַגָּדֹל נְהַר־פְּרָת) giving the formal identification of the boundary-river.
ΕὐφράτουEuphratesGenitivegenitive in apposition to ποταμοῦ (naming the river)→ relational specificationΕὐφράτης: transliteration of Hebrew פְּרָת (Akkadian Purattu); declined as a first-declension noun (gen. Εὐφράτου); the Euphrates is the ideal eastern/northeastern boundary of the promised land, reached at its fullest in Solomon's empire (1 Kgs 4:21).
καὶand / evencoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (western boundary endpoint)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the western limit — the sea; the formula spans the full breadth of the idealized land from desert to Lebanon, Euphrates to sea.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (western boundary)→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; the Mediterranean, 'the sea on the west,' marking the western boundary of the land.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive: 'the one toward the west')→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶtoward / atpreposition + genitive (direction: 'toward the west')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'on / toward'; ἐπὶ δυσμῶν ('toward the west / westward') specifies the seaward, western direction of the boundary.
δυσμῶνwest / setting (of the sun)Genitivegenitive object of ἐπί (cardinal direction)→ relational specificationδυσμή (usu. pl. δυσμαί): 'setting (of the sun) / west'; from δύω ('set / sink'); renders יָם ('sea / west') or מָבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ ('the going-down of the sun'); 'the sea toward the west' (i.e., the Mediterranean) is the western limit.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate: 'shall be your borders')→ predictive future (the established borders)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; 'shall be your borders' — the divinely-fixed extent of the inheritance.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριάborders / boundariesNominativesubject of ἔσται (predicate of the territorial span)→ participant prominenceὅριον (usu. pl. ὅρια): 'boundary / border / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; the fixed limits of the promised land; the same word denotes 'territory / region' in the NT (e.g., Matt 2:16).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): singular amid plural context (Numeruswechsel); 'your borders' — Israel's God-given territorial limits.
25

οὐκ ἀντιστήσεται οὐδεὶς κατὰ πρόσωπον ὑμῶν τὸν τρόμον ὑμῶν καὶ τὸν φόβον ὑμῶν ἐπιθήσει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς ἐφ᾿ ἧς ἐὰν ἐπιβῆτε ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ὃν τρόπον ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς ὑμᾶς

No one shall stand against you; the LORD your God will put the dread of you and the fear of you upon the face of all the land on which you set foot, as the LORD spoke to you.

Assurance of invincibility: the dread of Israel upon the nationsοὐκ ἀντιστήσεται οὐδεὶς
The conquest-promise closes with a guarantee of invincibility: no one will withstand Israel, because YHWH will lay 'the dread and fear of you' upon all the land. The doubled negation οὐκ … οὐδείς ('not … no one') is emphatic. The motif of divine terror sent ahead of Israel (τρόμος καὶ φόβος) recurs in the conquest narratives (cf. Exod 23:27; Josh 2:9–11); the victory is psychological as well as military, and wholly YHWH's doing, 'as he spoke.'
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
οὐκnotnegation (with ἀντιστήσεται)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: 'not'; with the following οὐδείς forms an emphatic double negative ('no one at all shall stand').
ἀντιστήσεταιshall stand against / withstandFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀνθίστημιmain verb (assurance of invincibility)→ predictive future (the guaranteed outcome)ἀνθίστημι (mid. 'set oneself against'): 'withstand / resist / oppose'; renders יָצַב / עָמַד (Hithpael); 'no one shall withstand you' guarantees Israel's invincibility — not by its own strength but by the divinely-sent dread; the verb is used of resisting God's will in Rom 9:19; here no one can resist God's people.
οὐδεὶςno oneNominativesubject of ἀντιστήσεται (emphatic with οὐκ)→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: 'no one / none'; the emphatic double negative (οὐκ … οὐδείς) reinforces the absolute assurance — not a single foe will stand.
κατὰagainst / beforepreposition + accusative (idiomatic: 'before your face')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'against / before'; κατὰ πρόσωπον ('before the face of / in the presence of') is a Hebraism (לִפְנֵי) — no one will stand 'in your face,' i.e., confront you successfully.
πρόσωπονface / presenceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (idiomatic)→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον ('before / in the face of'), denoting direct confrontation.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρόμονtrembling / dreadAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationτρόμος: 'trembling / dread / quaking'; from τρέμω ('tremble'); renders פַּחַד / חִתִּית; the 'dread of you' is the supernatural terror YHWH instills in the nations (cf. Exod 15:16, τρόμος; Josh 2:9); paired with φόβος as a hendiadys for overwhelming fear.
ὑμῶνof youGenitiveobjective genitive (the dread directed at Israel)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. ὑμῶν): objective genitive — 'the dread of you,' i.e., the dread which the nations feel toward Israel.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβονfearAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει (coordinate with τρόμον)→ object specificationφόβος: 'fear / terror'; renders מוֹרָא / יִרְאָה; paired with τρόμος as a doublet for the overwhelming terror sent upon the nations; the phrase τρόμος καὶ φόβος intensifies the picture of paralyzing dread (cf. the same pairing at 2:25).
ὑμῶνof youGenitiveobjective genitive→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as objective genitive.
ἐπιθήσειwill put / lay uponFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (YHWH as subject)→ predictive future (the divine sending of terror)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on / impose'; renders נָתַן ('put / set'); YHWH 'lays upon' the nations the dread of Israel — the terror is a divine imposition, the unseen weapon of the conquest.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐπιθήσει→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the one who sends the dread — the conquest is his act.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God.'
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (extent: 'upon the face of')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'upon / over'; ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς ('upon the face of all the land') marks the universal extent of the dread — over the whole territory to be conquered.
πρόσωπονface / surfaceAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (idiomatic: 'the face/surface of')→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / surface'; ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς ('upon the face of the land') is a Hebraism (עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ) for the whole surface/extent of the territory.
πάσηςallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying γῆς)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the dread covers the entire land Israel will tread.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive (with πρόσωπον: 'face of the land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the whole territory whose inhabitants will be gripped by dread of Israel.
ἐφ᾿on / uponpreposition + genitive (elided: relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'on / upon'; ἐφ᾿ ἧς ('on which') introduces the relative clause defining the land trodden.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐπί)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the resumptive ἐφ᾿ ἧς … ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ('on which … on it') is a Hebraism with retrospective pronoun.
ἐὰνif / -everconditional particle (generalizing with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: with the relative forms a generalizing construction ('wherever you set foot') with the subjunctive ἐπιβῆτε.
ἐπιβῆτεyou set foot / stepAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἐπιβαίνωverb of the generalizing relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing condition)ἐπιβαίνω: 'step upon / set foot on / mount'; renders דָּרַךְ; 'wherever you set foot' echoes the treading-motif of v. 24 — the dread extends as far as Israel advances.
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + genitive (elided: resumptive 'on it')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'on'; ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ('on it') is the resumptive pronoun completing the Hebraizing relative.
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (resumptive, the land)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐπί (resumptive, the land).
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in the manner which')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; in the idiom ὃν τρόπον ('in the way/manner that') = 'as / just as,' introducing the appeal to YHWH's prior word.
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeaccusative of manner (in the idiom ὃν τρόπον: 'as')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; the idiom ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner') = 'as / just as,' a fixed adverbial construction; the promise is fulfilled 'as the LORD spoke.'
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of the comparative clause→ constative aorist (the prior divine word)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the appeal to YHWH's prior promise (cf. Exod 23:27) grounds the assurance — what is promised will surely come to pass because YHWH has spoken it.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the speaker whose word guarantees the conquest.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipients of the word)→ participant referenceσύ (acc. pl. ὑμᾶς): the recipients of YHWH's prior promise — the assurance is grounded in a word already spoken to Israel.
26

ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν σήμερον εὐλογίαν καὶ κατάραν

Behold, I set before you today a blessing and a curse:

The two-ways antithesis: blessing and curse set before Israel (climactic section)ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ δίδωμι
The chapter's climax: the great two-ways choice. The presentative ἰδού ('behold') and the emphatic ἐγὼ δίδωμι ('I set/give') solemnly lay before Israel the fundamental covenant alternative — εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα ('blessing and curse'). This antithesis structures the whole Deuteronomic covenant (cf. chs. 27–28; 30:15–20, 'I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse') and reduces all the preceding exhortation to a single decisive choice.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (drawing attention)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; an interjection (fossilized aor. impv. of ὁράω) rendering הִנֵּה; the solemn presentative marks the climactic moment — the decisive choice now set before Israel.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject of δίδωμι→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; Moses, the covenant mediator, personally and authoritatively sets the choice before the people.
δίδωμιI set / givePres Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (performative: the act of setting-before)→ performative present (the choice enacted in the speaking)δίδωμι: 'give / set / place'; renders נָתַן; 'I set before you' (δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν) — the performative present by which Moses, in the act of speaking, places the alternatives before Israel; the same verb recurs at v. 32 (δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν), framing the closing section.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of / in the sight of'; an improper preposition (from ἐν + ὤψ, 'in the eye') rendering לִפְנֵי; the blessing and curse are set openly 'before' the whole assembly — a public, visible choice.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; the Deuteronomic 'today' makes the choice contemporaneous for every generation — the decision is always set 'today.'
εὐλογίανa blessingAccusativedirect object of δίδωμι (first member of the antithesis)→ object specificationεὐλογία: 'blessing / good word'; from εὖ ('well') + λόγος ('word'); renders בְּרָכָה; the covenant blessing — life, fruitfulness, rain, victory, long life (the whole positive content of the chapter); the first pole of the great two-ways antithesis.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάρανa curseAccusativedirect object of δίδωμι (second member of the antithesis)→ object specificationκατάρα: 'curse / imprecation'; from κατά ('against') + ἀρά ('prayer / imprecation'); renders קְלָלָה; the covenant curse — drought, barrenness, exile (the negative content of vv. 16–17); the second pole of the antithesis; Paul takes up εὐλογία/κατάρα language in Gal 3:10–14.
27

τὴν εὐλογίαν ἐὰν ἀκούσητε τὰς ἐντολὰς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῶν ἃς ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι ὑμῖν σήμερον

the blessing, if you hear the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you today;

Definition of the blessing: contingent on obedienceτὴν εὐλογίαν ἐὰν ἀκούσητε
The blessing is now defined by its condition: it is given 'if you hear (obey) the commandments.' The fronted accusative τὴν εὐλογίαν (resuming v. 26) followed by the conditional protasis is a compressed, almost lapidary statement of the covenant logic — blessing belongs to obedience. The parallel definition of the curse follows in v. 28.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίανblessingAccusativeaccusative (fronted, resuming v. 26: 'the blessing [you will receive]')→ object specificationεὐλογία: 'blessing'; renders בְּרָכָה; the fronted accusative resumes the blessing of v. 26, now to be defined by its condition; the construction is elliptical ('the blessing [is yours] if …').
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the condition of the blessing — obedient hearing.
ἀκούσητεyou hear / obeyAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀκούωverb of the protasis→ aorist subjunctive (the condition of obedience)ἀκούω: 'hear / obey'; renders שָׁמַע; 'hearing' in the full covenant sense of obeying; the blessing is contingent on heeding the commandments.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσητε→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; renders מִצְוָה; the object of obedient hearing — the body of covenant command.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (the LORD's commandments)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the commandments are YHWH's, mediated through Moses.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God.'
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐντέλλομαι)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; links the commandments to Moses' present commanding.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject of ἐντέλλομαι→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; the recurring ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι formula (cf. vv. 8, 13, 22, 28).
ἐντέλλομαιcommandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ performative presentἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the performative present — Moses commands in the act of speaking.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object (plural)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (plural).
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the Deuteronomic present moment of commandment.
28

καὶ τὰς κατάρας ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσητε τὰς ἐντολὰς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῶν ὅσας ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι ὑμῖν σήμερον καὶ πλανηθῆτε ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἧς ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν πορευθέντες λατρεύειν θεοῖς ἑτέροις οὓς οὐκ οἴδατε

and the curse, if you do not hear the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you today, and you turn aside from the way which I commanded you, going to serve other gods which you have not known.

Definition of the curse: contingent on disobedience and apostasyκαὶ τὰς κατάρας ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσητε
The curse is defined as the mirror of the blessing: 'if you do NOT hear.' Disobedience is then specified as apostasy — turning aside (πλανηθῆτε) from the commanded way to serve 'other gods which you have not known.' The image of straying from the ὁδός ('way') picks up the 'walk in his ways' of v. 22; covenant infidelity is a wandering off the path into the service of unknown gods — the very danger warned of in v. 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάραςcurse / cursesAccusativeaccusative (fronted, resuming v. 26, parallel to τὴν εὐλογίαν)→ object specificationκατάρα: 'curse'; renders קְלָלָה; the accusative plural τὰς κατάρας ('the curses') resumes the curse of v. 26; the construction parallels v. 27 ('the curse [is yours] if you do not …').
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (with μή + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; with the negative μή introduces the condition of the curse — failure to obey.
μὴnotnegation (with ἀκούσητε)→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: 'not'; the negative of the conditional clause — 'if you do not hear,' the inverse of v. 27.
ἀκούσητεyou hear / obeyAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀκούωverb of the protasis→ aorist subjunctive (the condition of disobedience)ἀκούω: 'hear / obey'; renders שָׁמַע; the negated hearing — disobedience — is the condition that brings the curse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντολὰςcommandmentsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσητε→ object specificationἐντολή: 'commandment'; renders מִצְוָה; the commandments whose neglect brings the curse.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive in apposition to κυρίου→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God.'
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅσαςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐντέλλομαι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as'; links the commandments to Moses' present commanding.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject of ἐντέλλομαι→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; the recurring ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαι formula.
ἐντέλλομαιcommandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ performative presentἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the performative present.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; the Deuteronomic present moment of commandment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (extending the condition to apostasy)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλανηθῆτεyou go astray / turn asideAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · πλανάωverb of the protasis (coordinate with ἀκούσητε)→ ingressive aorist passive subjunctive (the act of straying)πλανάω (pass. 'wander / go astray'): 'lead astray / deceive'; passive 'be led astray / wander'; renders תָּעָה ('wander') / סוּר; 'go astray from the way' images apostasy as wandering off the covenant path; the verb carries strong moral-religious force (cf. the πλάνη, 'deception,' of false worship; Jas 5:19–20).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: 'from the way')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ ('from the way') marks the departure — straying away from the commanded path.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῦwayGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the covenant path)→ relational specificationὁδός: 'way / road / path of life'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; 'the way which I commanded you' is the covenant path of obedience (cf. 'walk in all his ways,' v. 22); apostasy is straying off this single appointed road — the two-ways imagery underlying the whole antithesis.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐνετειλάμην, attracted to genitive)→ relational specificationὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive ἧς (by attraction to ὁδοῦ) introduces the relative clause — the way which Moses commanded.
ἐνετειλάμηνI commandedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the prior commanding of the way)ἐντέλλομαι (aor. ἐνετειλάμην): 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the aorist 'which I commanded' refers to the covenant way already laid down — the path from which apostasy strays.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
πορευθέντεςgoing / having goneAor Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · πορεύομαιcircumstantial participle (manner/means of straying)→ coincident aorist participle (the going that constitutes the straying)πορεύομαι (aor. pass. dep. πορευθέντες): 'go / proceed'; renders הָלַךְ; the participle specifies the manner of the straying — 'going to serve other gods'; to walk off the covenant way is to walk toward idolatry; the same verb that meant 'walk in his ways' (v. 22) is here perverted into walking after false gods.
λατρεύεινto serve / worshipPres Act Infin · λατρεύωinfinitive of purpose (the goal of the straying)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing idolatrous service)λατρεύω: 'serve / worship'; renders עָבַד; the infinitive of purpose — straying off the way in order 'to serve other gods'; the same verb that named the service due to YHWH (v. 13, λατρεύειν αὐτῷ) is here directed to idols, the essence of apostasy (cf. v. 16).
θεοῖςgodsDativedative object of λατρεύειν→ sphere or referenceθεός: 'god'; the dative plural θεοῖς ἑτέροις ('other gods'), the idols whose worship breaks the covenant.
ἑτέροιςotherDativeattributive adjective (modifying θεοῖς)→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: 'other / of a different kind'; renders אֲחֵרִים; θεοὶ ἕτεροι ('other gods') is the fixed Deuteronomic phrase for the forbidden idols (cf. v. 16; 5:7).
οὓςwhich / whomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of οἴδατε)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; 'which you have not known' — these gods are unknown to Israel, having no part in its history of redemption; to serve them is doubly irrational.
οὐκnotnegation (with οἴδατε)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οἴδατεyou have knownPerf Act Indic 2 Pl · οἶδαverb of relative clause→ perfect with present force (settled non-acquaintance)οἶδα: 'know' (perfect with present meaning); renders יָדַע; 'gods you have not known' — deities with no claim on Israel, unknown in its covenant history; the contrast is pointed: Israel knows YHWH by his great works (v. 2, the children 'did not know'), yet is tempted to serve gods it does not know at all.
29

καὶ ἔσται ὅταν εἰσαγάγῃ σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου εἰς τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν διαβαίνεις ἐκεῖ κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν καὶ δώσεις τὴν εὐλογίαν ἐπ᾿ ὄρος Γαριζιν καὶ τὴν κατάραν ἐπ᾿ ὄρος Γαιβαλ

And it shall be, when the LORD your God brings you into the land into which you are crossing there to inherit it, then you shall set the blessing upon Mount Gerizim and the curse upon Mount Ebal.

The blessing and curse localized: Gerizim and Ebalκαὶ ἔσται ὅταν εἰσαγάγῃ σε κύριος
The blessing and curse are given a concrete liturgical-geographical enactment: upon entering the land, Israel is to 'set' the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal (Γαριζιν / Γαιβαλ), the two mountains flanking Shechem. This anticipates the covenant ceremony of chs. 27–28 (cf. Josh 8:33–35), where the tribes are divided between the two peaks to pronounce the blessings and curses antiphonally — the two-ways antithesis literally inscribed on the land's geography.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal: introducing the temporal condition, Hebraism)→ predictive future (the apodotic 'it shall come to pass')εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; the formula καὶ ἔσται ὅταν ('and it shall be, when') renders the Hebrew וְהָיָה כִּי, introducing a temporal-conditional prediction about the entry into the land.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'when(ever)'; with the subjunctive εἰσαγάγῃ, presenting the entry into the land as the certain occasion for the ceremony.
εἰσαγάγῃmay bring inAor Act Subj 3 Sg · εἰσάγωverb of temporal clause (YHWH as subject)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the act of bringing in)εἰσάγω: 'bring in / lead in'; renders הֵבִיא; YHWH 'brings in' Israel to the land — the entry, like the conquest, is his act; the verb stresses divine agency in the gift of the land.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of εἰσαγάγῃ (singular)→ participant referenceσύ (acc. σε): singular address (Numeruswechsel).
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of εἰσαγάγῃ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the one who brings Israel into the land.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (singular)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (singular).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (goal of entry)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the promised land into which YHWH brings Israel.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (relative clause).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the resumptive εἰς ἣν … ἐκεῖ construction, the recurring Hebraism (cf. vv. 8, 10, 11).
διαβαίνειςyou are crossingPres Act Indic 2 Sg · διαβαίνωverb of relative clause (singular, imminent action)→ futuristic present (imminent crossing)διαβαίνω: 'cross over'; renders עָבַר; the imminent crossing of the Jordan; the singular διαβαίνεις (Numeruswechsel) amid the second-person plural context.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive, Hebraism)→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; the resumptive adverb of the Hebraizing relative construction.
κληρονομῆσαιto inheritAor Act Infin · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose infinitive (goal of crossing)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / possess'; the purpose infinitive 'to inherit it,' the standard land-formula.
αὐτήνitAccusativedirect object of κληρονομῆσαι→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κληρονομῆσαι.
καὶthen / andapodotic καί (introducing the apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic ('then'), introducing the consequence — the placing of blessing and curse on the two mountains.
δώσειςyou shall set / putFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb of apodosis (directive future)→ directive future (imperatival force: the commanded ceremony)δίδωμι: 'give / set / place'; renders נָתַן ('set / put'); 'you shall set the blessing upon Mount Gerizim' — δίδωμι here in the sense of placing/assigning the blessing and curse to the two mountains; the same verb framed the setting-before of v. 26 (δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίανblessingAccusativedirect object of δώσεις→ object specificationεὐλογία: 'blessing'; renders בְּרָכָה; the blessing assigned to Mount Gerizim — the southern, fertile mount, fittingly associated with the positive word.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided: 'upon the mountain')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'upon / on'; ἐπ᾿ ὄρος ('upon the mountain') locates the blessing on Gerizim.
ὄροςmountain / mountAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (location of the blessing)→ object specificationὄρος: 'mountain / mount'; renders הַר; Mount Gerizim, one of the two peaks flanking Shechem (modern Nablus), the site of the covenant ceremony of ch. 27.
ΓαριζινGerizimindeclinable proper noun (in apposition to ὄρος)→ participant identificationΓαριζιν: transliteration of Hebrew גְּרִזִים; indeclinable in the LXX; Mount Gerizim, the mount of blessing (cf. 27:12); later the sacred mountain of the Samaritans (cf. John 4:20).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάρανcurseAccusativedirect object (coordinate with εὐλογίαν)→ object specificationκατάρα: 'curse'; renders קְלָלָה; the curse assigned to Mount Ebal — the northern, barren mount, fittingly associated with the negative word.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided: 'upon the mountain')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'upon'; ἐπ᾿ ὄρος ('upon the mountain') locates the curse on Ebal.
ὄροςmountain / mountAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (location of the curse)→ object specificationὄρος: 'mountain'; renders הַר; Mount Ebal, the second peak flanking Shechem, the mount of cursing (cf. 27:13); the site where Joshua later built the altar and inscribed the law (Josh 8:30–35).
ΓαιβαλEbalindeclinable proper noun (in apposition to ὄρος)→ participant identificationΓαιβαλ: transliteration of Hebrew עֵיבָל ('Ebal'); indeclinable in the LXX; Mount Ebal, the mount of curse, opposite Gerizim across the Shechem valley — the geography itself embodies the two-ways antithesis of blessing and curse.
30

οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ὀπίσω ὁδὸν δυσμῶν ἡλίου ἐν γῇ Χανααν τὸ κατοικοῦν ἐπὶ δυσμῶν ἐχόμενον τοῦ Γολγολ πλησίον τῆς δρυὸς τῆς ὑψηλῆς

Are these not beyond the Jordan, behind, toward the way of the sunset, in the land of Canaan, the dwelling toward the west, near Gilgal, beside the high oak?

Geographical identification of the two mountains (parenthetical)οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα
A geographical aside locating the two mountains: 'are these not beyond the Jordan…?' The piling of locating phrases — beyond the Jordan, westward, in the land of Canaan, near Gilgal, beside the high oak (the oak of Moreh, cf. Gen 12:6) — situates Gerizim and Ebal in the central hill-country near Shechem. The rhetorical question (οὐκ … ;) presumes the hearers' familiarity with the route, lending vividness to the anticipated ceremony.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
οὐκnotnegation (introducing rhetorical question)→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ: 'not'; the οὐκ … ; introduces a rhetorical question expecting the answer 'yes' — 'are these not…?' — presuming the hearers know the location.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; rendering הִנֵּה; here within the rhetorical question, pointing to the well-known location of the mountains.
ταῦταtheseNominativesubject (the two mountains)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; refers to the two mountains, Gerizim and Ebal, whose location is now specified.
πέρανbeyond / acrossimproper preposition + genitive ('beyond the Jordan')→ spatial or relational framingπέραν: 'beyond / on the other side'; renders עֵבֶר; πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('beyond the Jordan') here means west of the Jordan — viewed from the plains of Moab, the mountains lie across the river in Canaan proper.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of πέραν→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: transliteration of Hebrew יַרְדֵּן; declined as a first-declension noun (gen. Ιορδάνου); the river marking the boundary of the land; the mountains lie on its western (Canaan) side.
ὀπίσωbehind / westwardadverb of place (orientation)→ clausal contributionὀπίσω: 'behind / after'; renders אַחֲרֵי; in geographical orientation 'behind' (with the rising sun before, one faces east, so 'behind' = west); part of the locating phrase 'toward the way of the sunset.'
ὁδὸνway / directionAccusativeaccusative of direction (adverbial: 'toward the way of')→ object specificationὁδός: 'way / road / direction'; the accusative ὁδόν used adverbially ('in the direction of'), rendering דֶּרֶךְ used as 'toward'; 'the way of the sunset' = the western direction.
δυσμῶνof setting / westGenitivegenitive (with ὁδόν and ἡλίου: 'the way of the sun's setting')→ relational specificationδυσμή (pl. δυσμαί): 'setting (of the sun) / west'; from δύω ('set'); δυσμῶν ἡλίου ('of the sunset') = westward; renders מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ ('the going-in of the sun').
ἡλίουof the sunGenitivegenitive (with δυσμῶν: 'setting of the sun')→ relational specificationἥλιος: 'sun'; renders שֶׁמֶשׁ; 'the sun's setting' specifies the western direction — the mountains lie westward across the Jordan.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; the land of Canaan, where the two mountains stand.
Χαναανof Canaanindeclinable proper noun (with γῇ: 'land of Canaan')→ participant identificationΧανααν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּנַעַן; indeclinable in the LXX; the land of Canaan proper, west of the Jordan — the heartland of the promised inheritance.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with substantivized participle κατοικοῦν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνdwelling / inhabitingPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · κατοικέωsubstantivized participle (further locating phrase)→ imperfective participle (the inhabited region)κατοικέω: 'dwell / inhabit / settle'; the substantivized neuter participle τὸ κατοικοῦν ('the dwelling / inhabited place') renders a Hebrew geographical term (הַיֹּשֵׁב, 'the [people/place] dwelling'); the phrase is somewhat obscure, locating the Canaanites/region dwelling toward the west — part of the chain of geographical markers.
ἐπὶtowardpreposition + genitive (direction: 'toward the west')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'toward'; ἐπὶ δυσμῶν ('toward the west') again marks the western orientation (cf. v. 24).
δυσμῶνwestGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (cardinal direction)→ relational specificationδυσμή (pl.): 'west / sunset'; the western region, where the Canaanite dwelling lies.
ἐχόμενονadjoining / nearPres Mid Ptcp Acc Sg Neut · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic: 'bordering / next to')→ imperfective participle (the bordering/adjacent position)ἔχω (mid. ἔχομαι + gen. 'border on / be next to'): the middle participle ἐχόμενον with the genitive (τοῦ Γολγολ) is an idiom for 'adjoining / close to / in the vicinity of'; renders the Hebrew אֵצֶל ('beside'); 'near Gilgal.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Γολγολ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓολγολGilgalindeclinable proper noun (genitive with ἐχόμενον)→ participant identificationΓολγολ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְגָּל ('Gilgal'); indeclinable in the LXX (the article τοῦ supplies the genitive); a location near Shechem (distinct from the Gilgal near Jericho), used here as a landmark to fix the two mountains' position.
πλησίονnear / besideimproper preposition + genitive ('near the oak')→ spatial or relational framingπλησίον: 'near / close to'; as an improper preposition with the genitive, 'beside / near'; renders אֵצֶל / מוּל; the final landmark — 'near the high oak.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρυὸςoakGenitivegenitive object of πλησίον (landmark)→ relational specificationδρῦς: 'oak / tree'; renders אֵלוֹן ('terebinth / oak'); 'the high oak' is the oak/terebinth of Moreh near Shechem (cf. Gen 12:6, where Abraham first received the land-promise; 35:4) — a sacred landmark of patriarchal memory, fittingly the site of the covenant-renewal ceremony.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive with ὑψηλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλῆςhigh / tallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying δρυός)→ relational specificationὑψηλός: 'high / tall / lofty'; renders the descriptor of the prominent oak/terebinth (cf. מוֹרֶה, taken as a landmark tree); 'the high oak' is a conspicuous, well-known tree marking the sacred site near Shechem; the same adjective described the 'uplifted arm' of YHWH in v. 2.
31

ὑμεῖς γὰρ διαβαίνετε τὸν Ιορδάνην εἰσελθόντες κληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν ἣν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν δίδωσιν ὑμῖν ἐν κλήρῳ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας καὶ κληρονομήσετε αὐτὴν καὶ κατοικήσετε ἐν αὐτῇ

For you are crossing the Jordan to enter in to inherit the land which the LORD your God gives you for an inheritance all the days, and you shall inherit it and dwell in it.

Explanatory ground (γάρ): the imminent crossing and possessionὑμεῖς γὰρ διαβαίνετε τὸν Ιορδάνην
The γάρ grounds the foregoing geography in the present reality: 'for you ARE crossing the Jordan' to inherit and dwell in the land YHWH gives ἐν κλήρῳ ('as an allotted inheritance'). The triad διαβαίνετε … κληρονομήσετε … κατοικήσετε ('cross … inherit … dwell') recapitulates the whole land-theme of the chapter; the emphatic ὑμεῖς underscores that this generation is the one to realize the promise.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject of διαβαίνετε→ participant referenceσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic 'you' — this very generation, poised to cross the Jordan and realize the long-deferred promise.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; grounds the geographical aside (v. 30) in the present fact of the imminent crossing — the ceremony of vv. 29–30 will occur because Israel is about to enter the land.
διαβαίνετεare crossingPres Act Indic 2 Pl · διαβαίνωmain verb (imminent action)→ futuristic/progressive present (the crossing as imminent and sure)διαβαίνω: 'cross over'; renders עָבַר; the present tense renders the Jordan-crossing as imminent and certain; the keyword of entry into Canaan (cf. vv. 8, 11, 29).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηνJordanAccusativeaccusative of the thing crossed→ object specificationΙορδάνης: transliteration of Hebrew יַרְדֵּן; declined (acc. Ιορδάνην); the river boundary, crossed under Joshua (Josh 3–4).
εἰσελθόντεςhaving enteredAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · εἰσέρχομαιcircumstantial participle (antecedent to κληρονομῆσαι)→ antecedent aorist participle (entry precedes inheritance)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; the participle marks the entry as preceding the inheritance — cross, enter, then inherit; the same structure as v. 8 (εἰσελθόντες κληρονομήσητε).
κληρονομῆσαιto inheritAor Act Infin · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose infinitive (goal of crossing)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession'; the purpose infinitive — the goal of the crossing is to possess the land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κληρονομῆσαι→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the promised inheritance.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of δίδωσιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the relative clause defining the land as YHWH's gift.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of δίδωσιν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the giver of the land.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant formula 'the LORD your God.'
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δίδωσινgivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause→ progressive/futuristic present (the imminent gift)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the present 'gives' presents the land as YHWH's gift being granted now — the land is always received, never earned; the recurring δίδωμι binds the whole chapter (rain v. 14, fruit v. 17, blessing/curse v. 26, statutes v. 32).
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of δίδωσιν→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of δίδωσιν.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (Hebraistic 'as an inheritance')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: 'in / as'; ἐν κλήρῳ ('as/for an inheritance / by lot') renders the Hebrew idiom — the land is granted as an allotted possession.
κλήρῳinheritance / allotmentDativedative (in the idiom ἐν κλήρῳ: 'as an allotted inheritance')→ sphere or referenceκλῆρος: 'lot / allotment / inheritance'; renders נַחֲלָה / גּוֹרָל; the land given 'by lot / as an allotted inheritance' — each tribe receiving its κλῆρος; the root underlies κληρονομέω ('inherit') throughout the chapter, binding the land-theme to the language of allotted patrimony.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἡμέρας: accusative of duration)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ('all the days') — the inheritance is perpetual, possessed continually; the phrase frames the chapter (cf. v. 1).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('all the days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative of extent — the land is a perpetual inheritance, possessed 'all the days,' echoing the perpetual obedience of v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομήσετεyou shall inheritFut Act Indic 2 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (predictive future)→ predictive future (the assured possession)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / possess'; renders יָרַשׁ; the assured future possession — the climactic keyword of the land-theme; Israel will take and hold the inheritance.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσετε→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κληρονομήσετε.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσετεyou shall dwellFut Act Indic 2 Pl · κατοικέωmain verb (predictive future)→ predictive future (settled dwelling)κατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the settled dwelling in the land is the goal beyond mere conquest — to inherit and then to dwell securely; the triad cross/inherit/dwell completes the land-theology of the chapter.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (locative: 'in it')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'in it' — the land of settled dwelling, the realized inheritance.
32

καὶ φυλάξεσθε τοῦ ποιεῖν πάντα τὰ προστάγματα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς κρίσεις ταύτας ὅσας ἐγὼ δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν σήμερον

And you shall take care to do all his statutes and these judgments which I set before you today.

Concluding exhortation: keep and do all the statutes and judgmentsκαὶ φυλάξεσθε τοῦ ποιεῖν
The chapter closes by returning to its opening note (φυλάξεσθε, cf. v. 1): the inheritance of the land is bound to careful obedience — 'take care to do all his statutes and these judgments.' The closing formula ἐγὼ δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν σήμερον ('which I set before you today') deliberately echoes v. 26 (the setting-before of blessing and curse), framing the whole two-ways section and pointing forward to the detailed statutes of chs. 12ff., which begin immediately.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξεσθεyou shall take care / keepFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (directive future)→ directive future (imperatival force)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / take care'; renders שָׁמַר; the closing φυλάξεσθε returns to the keeping-command that opened the chapter (vv. 1, 8) — covenant obedience frames the whole; the middle 'take care for yourselves to do.'
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose/result)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. τοῦ): the article forming the articular infinitive τοῦ ποιεῖν ('to do / so as to do'), a Hebraizing construction (rendering לַעֲשׂוֹת) expressing purpose — keep 'in order to do.'
ποιεῖνto doPres Act Infin · ποιέωarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ ποιεῖν)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing performance)ποιέω: 'do / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; the articular infinitive τοῦ ποιεῖν ('to do / so as to do') stresses that keeping the commandments means actively performing them — obedience is action, the recurrent Deuteronomic emphasis (cf. v. 22).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying προστάγματα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensiveness of obedience — all the statutes, not a selection (cf. v. 8).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματαstatutes / ordinancesAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: 'ordinance / statute / decree'; from προστάσσω ('command / order'); renders חֹק / מִשְׁפָּט; the authoritative covenant prescriptions; together with κρίσεις it forms a comprehensive designation of the law to be obeyed, echoing the legal triad of v. 1.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσειςjudgmentsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with προστάγματα)→ object specificationκρίσις: 'judgment / legal decision'; renders מִשְׁפָּט; the judicial rulings of the covenant; the pairing προστάγματα/κρίσεις closes the chapter as φυλάγματα/δικαιώματα/κρίσεις opened it (v. 1) — an inclusio of comprehensive law.
ταύταςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying κρίσεις)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these'; 'these judgments' points forward to the detailed legal code beginning in ch. 12 — the chapter ends on the threshold of the statutes it has been commending.
ὅσαςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of δίδωμι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as'; links the judgments to Moses' present setting-before.
ἐγὼINominativeemphatic subject of δίδωμι→ participant referenceἐγώ: emphatic pronoun; Moses, the covenant mediator, in the closing formula.
δίδωμιI set / givePres Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (performative)→ performative present (the setting-before enacted in speech)δίδωμι: 'give / set before'; renders נָתַן; the closing δίδωμι ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν σήμερον ('I set before you today') deliberately echoes v. 26 (the setting-before of blessing and curse), forming an inclusio around the two-ways section and presenting the statutes themselves as the content of the choice.
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the statutes are set openly before the assembly, as the blessing and curse were (v. 26).
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον.
σήμερονtodaytemporal adverb→ clausal contributionσήμερον: 'today'; renders הַיּוֹם; the final Deuteronomic 'today' of the chapter — the law, the choice, and the inheritance are all set before Israel in the ever-present 'today' of covenant decision.