Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 3ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝΟΜΙΟΝ Γ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Chapter 3 continues Moses' first retrospective discourse: the conquest of the Transjordan. It narrates the defeat of Og king of Bashan, the last survivor of the Rephaim/giants (κατελείφθη ἀπὸ τῶν Ραφαϊν, v.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Deuteronomy 3 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Chapter 3 continues Moses' first retrospective discourse: the conquest of the Transjordan. It narrates the defeat of Og king of Bashan, the last survivor of the Rephaim/giants (κατελείφθη ἀπὸ τῶν Ραφαϊν, v. 11), whose famous iron bedstead (ἡ κλίνη αὐτοῦ κλίνη σιδηρᾶ) nine cubits long was shown at Rabbah of the Ammonites; the seizure of his sixty fortified cities of the Argob region (vv. 1–11); the allotment of Gilead and Bashan to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh (vv. 12–17); the charge that the eastern warriors cross over armed (ἐνοπλισάμενοι προπορεύεσθε) as a vanguard before their brothers until the LORD gives them rest (vv. 18–20); the commissioning of Joshua with the assurance that the LORD himself will fight (αὐτὸς πολεμήσει περὶ ὑμῶν, vv. 21–22); and Moses' personal plea to cross the Jordan, denied for the sake of the people (ἕνεκεν ὑμῶν), with the LORD's curt ἱκανούσθω σοι ('let it suffice you'), the command to ascend Pisgah and look but not cross, and the final charge to strengthen Joshua (vv. 23–29). The chapter is dense with Transjordanian toponyms (Βασαν, Εδραϊν, Αργοβ, Γαλααδ, Αροηρ, Σελχα), giant/Rephaim lore (Ραφαϊν, the iron κλίνη), and the divine-warrior motif (αὐτὸς πολεμήσει). The LXX renders the place-name of Pisgah's peak interpretively as κορυφὴν Λελαξευμένου ('the top of the Hewn/Quarried One', v. 27) and the Hebrew Sirion/Senir by the doublet Σανιωρ/Σανιρ (v. 9); Hermon is glossed as named by οἱ Φοίνικες. Moses' denial is among the most poignant moments of the Pentateuch, sealing the succession from Moses to Joshua on the threshold of the land.

1

καὶ ἐπιστραφέντες ἀνέβημεν ὁδὸν τὴν εἰς Βασαν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ωγ βασιλεὺς τῆς Βασαν εἰς συνάντησιν ἡμῖν αὐτὸς καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ εἰς πόλεμον εἰς Εδραϊν

And turning, we went up the road to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan came out to meet us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.

Narrative continuation (new campaign in Moses' retrospect)καὶ ἐπιστραφέντες ἀνέβημεν
The chapter resumes the first-person-plural march-narrative of ch. 2 (the Sihon campaign): after defeating Sihon the army 'turns' northward up the King's Highway toward Bashan. The participle ἐπιστραφέντες + finite ἀνέβημεν is a Hebraizing two-verb sequence; the immediate sortie of Og εἰς συνάντησιν sets up a second holy-war duel parallel in form to the Sihon episode.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστραφέντεςhaving turnedAor Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπιστρέφωcircumstantial participle (attendant circumstance to ἀνέβημεν)→ coincident aorist participle (turn-and-go-up as a single movement)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / turn back / turn toward'; aor. pass. (deponent-like) here intransitive, 'turning'; renders Hebrew פָּנָה ('turn'); marks the army's reorientation northward from the Sihon front (Heshbon) toward Bashan along the Transjordan highway.
ἀνέβημενwe went upAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (first-person-plural campaign narrative)→ constative aorist (completed march)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; renders עָלָה; the first-person plural ('we went up') marks Moses' solidarity with the conquering generation and is characteristic of the Deuteronomic retrospect; 'up' fits the ascent onto the Bashan plateau.
ὁδὸνthe roadAccusativeaccusative of route/extent (way along which they went up)→ object specificationὁδός: 'way / road / journey'; here an accusative of the route traversed (cf. the cognate-accusative-like 'go the way'), rendering דֶּרֶךְ; the 'road to Bashan' is the highland route onto the Bashan plateau.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with εἰς Βασαν: 'the [road] to Bashan')→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction/goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction/goal).
ΒασανBashanaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliteration of Hebrew בָּשָׁן; indeclinable in the LXX; the fertile volcanic plateau east of the Sea of Galilee, proverbial for its oaks and cattle (cf. Ps 22:12; Amos 4:1), here the kingdom of Og.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (Og's sortie)→ constative aorist (single decisive movement)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come forth'; renders יָצָא; the king's 'coming out' εἰς συνάντησιν is the standard idiom for marching forth to give battle (cf. Num 21:33; Deut 2:32 of Sihon), framing Og as the aggressor who seals his own doom.
ΩγOgsubject (indeclinable proper name)→ participant identificationΩγ: transliteration of Hebrew עוֹג; indeclinable; the giant king of Bashan, last of the Rephaim (v. 11); his defeat became a fixed memorial of YHWH's victories (cf. Ps 135:11; 136:20).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ωγ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the recurrent βασιλεὺς τῆς Βασαν tags Og as one of the 'two kings of the Amorites' (v. 8) whose defeat anchors the holy-war paradigm of the chapter.
τῆςofGenitivearticle (with Βασαν, genitive of place)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashangenitive of place with βασιλεύς (indeclinable; case marked by article)→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of place with βασιλεύς (indeclinable; case marked by article).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a meeting')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a meeting').
συνάντησινmeeting / encounterAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic: 'to meet')→ object specificationσυνάντησις: 'meeting / encounter'; εἰς συνάντησιν renders לִקְרַאת ('to meet'); in martial contexts (as here) it denotes marching out to engage in battle, not a friendly reception.
ἡμῖνusDativedative of relation (object of συνάντησιν: 'to meet us')→ participant reference or interestἡμεῖς: first-person plural pronoun; the dative completes the idiom εἰς συνάντησιν ἡμῖν ('to meet us'); the 'us' is Israel under Moses, the conquering generation.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (resuming the subject Og: 'he himself')→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'himself'; here resumptive, stressing that Og personally led the muster (αὐτὸς καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ), the whole nation following its king into the field.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying λαός)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; πᾶς ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ — the entire fighting population of Bashan — underlines the totality of Og's commitment and thus of his coming destruction.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleNominativesubject (parallel to αὐτός)→ participant prominenceλαός: 'people / nation'; renders עַם; here Og's subjects mustered as an army; the same word will be used of Israel later in the chapter (v. 28), the two peoples set against each other in holy war.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Og's people)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Og's people).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for war')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for war').
πόλεμονbattle / warAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose of the sortie)→ object specificationπόλεμος: 'war / battle'; renders מִלְחָמָה; εἰς πόλεμον specifies the hostile intent of Og's advance, completing the parallel with Sihon's challenge at Jahaz (Deut 2:32).
εἰςat / topreposition + accusative (location of the engagement)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location of the engagement).
ΕδραϊνEdreiaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΕδραϊν: transliteration of Hebrew אֶדְרֶעִי (Edrei); indeclinable; one of the two royal cities of Bashan (with Ashtaroth), modern Derʿā; the site of the decisive battle against Og (cf. Num 21:33; Josh 12:4).
2

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με μὴ φοβηθῇς αὐτόν ὅτι εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου παραδέδωκα αὐτὸν καὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ καὶ ποιήσεις αὐτῷ ὥσπερ ἐποίησας Σηων βασιλεῖ τῶν Αμορραίων ὃς κατῴκει ἐν Εσεβων

And the LORD said to me, 'Do not fear him, for into your hands I have given him and all his people and all his land; and you shall do to him just as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon.'

Embedded divine speech (holy-war oracle)καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με
The standard fear-not war oracle (μὴ φοβηθῇς … παραδέδωκα), grounding the coming victory in YHWH's prior giving (perfect παραδέδωκα, 'I have [already] handed over'). The explicit comparison to the Sihon campaign (ὥσπερ ἐποίησας Σηων) makes Og's defeat a programmatic repetition, reinforcing the paradigm that will be applied to all Canaan in v. 21.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces the divine reassurance; the formula εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ('the LORD said to me') is characteristic of Moses' first-person Deuteronomic narration.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech, the holy-war oracle given directly to Moses.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Moses as recipient)→ participant referenceἐγώ: first-person pronoun; 'me' = Moses, the addressee of the oracle and narrator of the retrospect.
μὴdo notnegative particle (with prohibitive subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: negative of non-indicative moods; here with the aorist subjunctive φοβηθῇς forms the prohibition 'do not fear', the formulaic opening of the holy-war oracle (cf. Deut 1:21; 3:22; 20:1).
φοβηθῇςyou should fearAor Pass Subj 2 Sg · φοβέομαιprohibitive subjunctive (μή + aor. subj.)→ ingressive aorist prohibition (do not become afraid)φοβέομαι: 'fear / be afraid'; aor. pass. deponent; μὴ φοβηθῇς renders Hebrew אַל־תִּירָא, the classic war-oracle reassurance; the aorist forbids the very onset of fear in the face of the giant king.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of φοβηθῇς (Og)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of φοβηθῇς (Og).
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the ground for not fearing — the perfect-tense divine 'giving' that follows; the structure 'fear not, for I have given' is the theological heart of the holy-war oracle.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (fronted for emphasis: 'into your hands')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (fronted for emphasis: 'into your hands').
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom of conquest: 'into your hands')→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου renders בְּיָדְךָ, the standard idiom of military surrender ('give into the hand of'); the fronted position stresses that the victory is already a settled divine grant.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Moses'/Israel's hands)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Moses'/Israel's hands).
παραδέδωκαI have handed overPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb of causal clause (perfect of accomplished grant)→ perfect (prophetic/anticipatory: a done deal with abiding result)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over / deliver up'; renders נָתַן (here נָתַתִּי, perfect); the Greek perfect παραδέδωκα presents the still-future battle as already decided — the victory is a standing fact in the divine purpose before a blow is struck.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of παραδέδωκα (Og)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of παραδέδωκα (Og).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λαόν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the triple object (him / all his people / all his land) is a totality formula: nothing of Og's kingdom is exempted from the grant.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativedirect object (coordinate with αὐτόν)→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; Og's subjects, included in the divine handing-over.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying γῆν)→ object specificationπᾶσαν: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying γῆν).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object (third member of the totality formula)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land / earth / territory'; renders אֶרֶץ; Og's whole realm of Bashan is given over, anticipating its allotment to Manasseh (vv. 13–14).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (command-as-prediction)→ imperatival/predictive future (assured outcome and instruction)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the future ποιήσεις functions as a confident command-prediction: you will treat Og exactly as Sihon; the verb is picked up by the comparative ἐποίησας ('you did') below.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of disadvantage (object of ποιήσεις: 'do to him')→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of disadvantage (object of ποιήσεις: 'do to him').
ὥσπερjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing the Sihon precedent)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: 'just as / even as'; introduces the comparison with the Sihon campaign of ch. 2, making Og's destruction a deliberate replay of an established pattern of holy war.
ἐποίησαςyou didAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of comparative clause (the Sihon precedent)→ constative aorist (the completed Sihon campaign)ποιέω (aor.): the completed action against Sihon (Deut 2:24–37) now serves as the template for Og; the same verb in future and aorist frames the two campaigns as one continuous conquest.
ΣηωνSihonaccusative object of ἐποίησας (indeclinable proper name)→ participant identificationΣηων: transliteration of Hebrew סִיחֹן (Sihon); indeclinable; the Amorite king of Heshbon defeated in ch. 2; together with Og he forms the standard pair 'the two kings of the Amorites' (v. 8).
βασιλεῖkingDativedative in apposition to Σηων (loose case-attraction to αὐτῷ)→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the dative βασιλεῖ stands in apposition to indeclinable Σηων, attracted to the dative αὐτῷ ('to him … as to Sihon king'), a common LXX construction with indeclinable names.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραίωνAmoritesGenitivepartitive/possessive genitive (king of the Amorites)→ relational specificationΑμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; renders אֱמֹרִי; the gentilic for the pre-Israelite population of the Transjordan highlands; both Sihon and Og are classed as Amorite kings (v. 8), though Og is also reckoned among the Rephaim (v. 11).
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κατῴκει)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the locating clause 'who dwelt in Heshbon', identifying Sihon by his royal seat.
κατῴκειdweltImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κατοικέωverb of relative clause (descriptive)→ customary imperfect (settled habitation)κατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the imperfect denotes Sihon's habitual residence in Heshbon, his capital before his defeat.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΕσεβωνHeshbondative object of ἐν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΕσεβων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶשְׁבּוֹן (Heshbon); indeclinable; the royal city of Sihon north of the Arnon, celebrated in the old victory ballad of Num 21:27–30.
3

καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν Ωγ βασιλέα τῆς Βασαν καὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπατάξαμεν αὐτὸν ἕως τοῦ μὴ καταλιπεῖν αὐτοῦ σπέρμα

And the LORD our God gave him into our hands, both Og king of Bashan and all his people; and we struck him until there was left to him no seed.

Fulfilment of the oracle (the promised handing-over realized)καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν κύριος
The aorist παρέδωκεν fulfils the perfect παραδέδωκα of v. 2: what YHWH 'had given' he now 'gave'. The final clause ἕως τοῦ μὴ καταλιπεῖν αὐτοῦ σπέρμα ('until none was left to him', an articular-infinitive result clause) is the language of ḥērem total destruction, identical to the Sihon report (Deut 2:34).
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέδωκενgave overAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb (fulfilment of the divine grant)→ constative aorist (accomplished delivery into Israel's power)παραδίδωμι (aor.): the realized counterpart of the perfect παραδέδωκα (v. 2); YHWH's promise becomes historical fact — Og is delivered into Israel's hands exactly as foretold.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of παρέδωκεν (Og, anticipated)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of παρέδωκεν (Og, anticipated).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (divine agent of the victory)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; subject of παρέδωκεν, making YHWH himself — not Israel's prowess — the true conqueror of Og.
theNominativearticle (with θεός, in apposition to κύριος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; the covenant title κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ('the LORD our God') binds the victory to the covenant relationship — it is our God who fights for us.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship (covenant possessive)→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (covenant possessive).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (idiom of conquest)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (idiom of conquest).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'into our hands')→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the realized εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ἡμῶν answers the promised εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου of v. 2 — the surrender-into-the-hand idiom (בְּיָדֵנוּ) now describes accomplished fact.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶand / bothcoordinate conjunction (resumptive, specifying αὐτόν)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here epexegetical/resumptive, unpacking the pronoun αὐτόν into 'Og … and all his people'.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Ωγ, marking accusative)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΩγOgaccusative in apposition to αὐτόν (case marked by article)→ participant identificationΩγ: indeclinable; the article τὸν fixes its accusative function as the explicit naming of the 'him' delivered up.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ωγ→ object specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; the title in apposition to Og, repeating βασιλεὺς τῆς Βασαν.
τῆςofGenitivearticle (with Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashangenitive of place (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of place (indeclinable; case by article).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λαόν)→ object specificationπάντα: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying λαόν).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object given over)→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; Og's whole army, delivered up along with the king.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (consequence: the slaughter)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπατάξαμενwe struckAor Act Indic 1 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (the decisive blow)→ constative aorist (completed defeat)πατάσσω: 'strike / smite / slay'; renders נָכָה (Hiphil); the standard verb for inflicting a military defeat; here the smiting is total, leading to the extermination clause that follows.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἐπατάξαμεν (Og and his host collectively)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπατάξαμεν (Og and his host collectively).
ἕωςuntilconjunction/preposition (with articular infinitive: result/extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / to the point that'; with the articular infinitive τοῦ … καταλιπεῖν it forms a result-clause ('to the point of leaving none'), the LXX's rendering of עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle governing the infinitive (genitive articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotnegative particle (with the infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: negates the articular infinitive καταλιπεῖν — 'so as not to leave', i.e. leaving no survivor.
καταλιπεῖνto leave / leave remainingAor Act Inf · καταλείπωarticular infinitive (result/extent of the smiting)→ constative aorist infinitive (the resulting annihilation)καταλείπω: 'leave behind / leave remaining'; renders שָׁאַר (Hiphil); the clause 'until none of his was left remaining' is ḥērem language — the total devotion-to-destruction also reported of Sihon (Deut 2:34) and of Og at Num 21:35 ('they left him none remaining').
αὐτοῦof him / hisGenitivepartitive/possessive genitive (with σπέρμα: 'seed of his')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as partitive/possessive genitive (with σπέρμα: 'seed of his').
σπέρμαseed / survivorAccusativeaccusative object of καταλιπεῖν ('leave no seed')→ object specificationσπέρμα: 'seed / offspring / survivor'; renders שָׂרִיד ('survivor') here rather than the usual זֶרַע; the idiom 'leave him no seed' means no survivor escaped — the obliteration of the Rephaim line of Bashan, fitting the antiquarian note of v. 11 that Og alone had remained of the giants.
4

καὶ ἐκρατήσαμεν πασῶν τῶν πόλεων αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ οὐκ ἦν πόλις ἣν οὐκ ἐλάβομεν παρ᾿ αὐτῶν ἑξήκοντα πόλεις πάντα τὰ περίχωρα Αργοβ βασιλείας Ωγ ἐν Βασαν

And we seized all his cities at that time; there was not a city which we did not take from them — sixty cities, all the region round about Argob, of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

Narrative continuation (the city-conquest after the field-victory)καὶ ἐκρατήσαμεν
After the rout of Og's army (v. 3) comes the systematic capture of his fortified towns. The litotes οὐκ ἦν πόλις ἣν οὐκ ἐλάβομεν ('there was no city we did not take') is an emphatic Hebraism for totality; the number 'sixty cities' of the Argob district recurs as a fixed datum (cf. v. 14; Josh 13:30; 1 Kgs 4:13), underlining the scale of the conquered realm.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκρατήσαμενwe seizedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · κρατέωmain verb (capture of the cities)→ constative aorist (completed seizure)κρατέω: 'seize / take hold of / master'; renders לָכַד ('capture'); with the genitive πασῶν τῶν πόλεων ('took hold of all the cities'), the genitive object marking the thing grasped/mastered.
πασῶνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πόλεων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the genitive πασῶν agrees with πόλεων, the object of κρατέω; the totality is then spelled out by the litotes that follows.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκρατήσαμεν→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city / town'; renders עִיר; the fortified towns of Bashan, sixty in number (cf. v. 5: walled, with high gates and bars).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Og's cities)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Og's cities).
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time (with ἐκείνῳ: 'at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time / season / occasion'; ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ('at that time') renders בָּעֵת הַהִוא, a recurrent Deuteronomic time-marker structuring Moses' retrospect (cf. vv. 8, 12, 18, 21, 23).
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the far demonstrative fixing the campaign moment in the narrated past.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of the litotes ('there was no city…')→ stative imperfect (existence within the narrated past)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; the imperfect ἦν in the litotes οὐκ ἦν πόλις ἣν οὐκ ἐλάβομεν ('there was not a city which we did not take') renders the Hebrew double-negative totality construction — emphatic for 'we took every single one'.
πόλιςcityNominativepredicate nominative (subject of ἦν: 'a city')→ participant prominenceπόλις: 'city'; the indefinite 'a city' within the negated existential, the antecedent of the relative ἥν.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάβομεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the accusative ἥν is the object of the second negated verb, completing the litotes.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐλάβομεν; double negation = totality)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάβομενwe tookAor Act Indic 1 Pl · λαμβάνωverb of relative clause (within the litotes)→ constative aorist (completed taking)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive / seize'; renders לָקַח; the double negative 'no city we did not take' affirms the capture of all sixty towns without exception.
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source: 'from them')→ spatial or relational framingπαρ᾿: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from them').
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of παρά (the people of Bashan)→ relational specificationαὐτός: third-plural pronoun; 'from them' = from the Bashanites, the prior holders of the captured cities.
ἑξήκονταsixtyAccusativeindeclinable numeral (in apposition to the cities taken)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable cardinal; renders שִׁשִּׁים; the fixed figure of sixty fortified cities of the Argob district (cf. v. 14; 1 Kgs 4:13), a standard datum of the Bashan conquest.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summing up the captured towns)→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; 'sixty cities' restates the totality of v. 4a in concrete number.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying περίχωρα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the region round about Argob' equates the sixty cities with the whole Argob district.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περίχωραsurrounding regionAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the Argob district)→ object specificationπερίχωρος / περίχωρα: 'surrounding country / district round about'; renders חֶבֶל ('region / measured tract'); the περίχωρα Αργοβ is the well-defined Argob plateau, identified with the sixty walled cities.
ΑργοβArgobgenitive of place with περίχωρα (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑργοβ: transliteration of Hebrew אַרְגֹּב (Argob); indeclinable; a district of Bashan associated with the sixty cities and with Jair (v. 14).
βασιλείαςof the kingdomGenitivegenitive of relationship (the Argob region belonging to Og's kingdom)→ relational specificationβασιλεία: 'kingdom / royal domain'; renders מַמְלֶכֶת; locates the Argob district within Og's realm, the political unit now passing to Israel.
Ωγof Oggenitive of possession (indeclinable; Og's kingdom)→ participant identificationΩγ: indeclinable; the possessive 'of Og' fixes the kingdom as the conquered Bashan realm.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΒασανBashandative object of ἐν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; 'in Bashan' locates Og's kingdom and its sixty cities on the Bashan plateau.
5

πᾶσαι πόλεις ὀχυραί τείχη ὑψηλά πύλαι καὶ μοχλοί πλὴν τῶν πόλεων τῶν Φερεζαίων τῶν πολλῶν σφόδρα

All these were fortified cities, high walls, gates and bars — besides the very many cities of the Perizzites.

Descriptive aside (the character of the captured cities)πᾶσαι πόλεις ὀχυραί
A verbless catalogue describing the conquered towns as walled fortresses (τείχη ὑψηλά, πύλαι καὶ μοχλοί), heightening the magnitude of the victory: not open villages but defended strongholds. The πλήν-clause distinguishes the unwalled Perizzite settlements, which were 'very many' but not among the sixty fortified cities.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying πόλεις)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'all (these) cities' resumes the sixty cities of v. 4, now characterized as fortified strongholds.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of the verbless clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: 'city'; the captured towns, now described in their defensive character.
ὀχυραίfortifiedNominativepredicate adjective (verbless: 'were fortified')→ participant prominenceὀχυρός: 'strong / fortified'; renders בָּצוּר ('fortified, inaccessible'); the cities' fortification magnifies the victory — even walled strongholds fell to Israel.
τείχηwallsNominativeappositional noun (specifying the fortification)→ participant prominenceτεῖχος: 'wall (of a city)'; neut. pl. τείχη; renders חוֹמָה; the high walls are the first feature of the fortified towns.
ὑψηλάhighNominativeattributive adjective (modifying τείχη)→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: 'high / lofty'; renders גָּבֹהַּ; 'high walls' (τείχη ὑψηλά) is the proverbial description of Canaanite fortified cities (cf. Deut 1:28; 9:1).
πύλαιgatesNominativeappositional noun (further fortification detail)→ participant prominenceπύλη: 'gate'; renders דְּלָתַיִם ('double doors / gates'); the gated, barred entrances complete the picture of strongly defended towns.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοχλοίbarsNominativeappositional noun (gate-bars)→ participant prominenceμοχλός: 'bar / bolt (of a gate)'; renders בְּרִיחַ; the bars that secured the city gates, the last detail in the fortification catalogue (πύλαι καὶ μοχλοί, 'gates and bars').
πλὴνbesides / apart fromimproper preposition + genitive (exception)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'except / besides / apart from'; with the genitive marks an exception — over and above the sixty walled cities there were also the unwalled Perizzite towns; renders לְבַד מִן.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; here the unwalled towns of the Perizzites, distinguished from the sixty fortified cities.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with Φερεζαίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦερεζαίωνPerizzitesGenitivepossessive genitive (the Perizzites' cities)→ relational specificationΦερεζαῖος: 'Perizzite'; renders פְּרִזִּי; the gentilic is conventionally linked to פְּרָזוֹת ('open/unwalled villages'), hence the LXX/MT contrast: the Perizzites' settlements were unwalled, the opposite of the fortified sixty.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πολλῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολλῶνmanyGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying πόλεων: 'the many cities')→ relational specificationπολύς: 'many / numerous'; with σφόδρα ('very many'), stressing that the unwalled Perizzite towns, though not fortified, were exceedingly numerous.
σφόδραvery / exceedinglyadverb of degree (intensifying πολλῶν)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'very much / exceedingly'; standard LXX rendering of מְאֹד; 'the very many' (τῶν πολλῶν σφόδρα) underlines the abundance of the additional open settlements.
6

ἐξωλεθρεύσαμεν αὐτούς ὥσπερ ἐποιήσαμεν τὸν Σηων βασιλέα Εσεβων καὶ ἐξωλεθρεύσαμεν πᾶσαν πόλιν ἑξῆς καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ τὰ παιδία

We utterly destroyed them, just as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every city in turn, the women and the children.

Holy-war execution (the ḥērem carried out)ἐξωλεθρεύσαμεν αὐτούς
The verb ἐξολεθρεύω ('utterly destroy'), repeated for emphasis, is the technical LXX term for the ḥērem — the total devotion of a city to destruction. The comparison ὥσπερ … Σηων again binds Og's fate to the Sihon precedent (cf. v. 2; Deut 2:34), and the inclusion of women and children marks the conquest as complete devotion-to-destruction, not mere plunder.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐξωλεθρεύσαμενwe utterly destroyedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἐξολεθρεύωmain verb (the ḥērem execution)→ constative aorist (completed total destruction)ἐξολεθρεύω: 'destroy utterly / exterminate'; the intensive ἐξ- compound renders Hebrew חָרַם (Hiphil, 'devote to destruction') / הֶחֱרַמְנוּ; the standard LXX verb for the ḥērem; its repetition in this verse stresses the totality of the devotion.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object (the inhabitants of the cities)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the inhabitants of the cities).
ὥσπερjust ascomparative conjunction (the Sihon precedent)→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: 'just as'; again invokes the Sihon campaign as the pattern for Og's destruction, echoing v. 2.
ἐποιήσαμενwe didAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ποιέωverb of comparative clause→ constative aorist (the completed Sihon action)ποιέω: 'do'; the completed treatment of Sihon (Deut 2:34) is the template; the first-person plural matches ἐξωλεθρεύσαμεν, presenting the two conquests as one ḥērem campaign.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Σηων, marking accusative)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣηωνSihonaccusative object of ἐποιήσαμεν (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΣηων: indeclinable; the Amorite king of Heshbon, the precedent for Og's ḥērem.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Σηων→ object specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; βασιλέα Εσεβων, 'king of Heshbon', identifies Sihon by his capital.
Εσεβωνof Heshbongenitive of place with βασιλέα (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕσεβων: indeclinable; Heshbon, Sihon's royal city north of the Arnon.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming the ḥērem statement)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξωλεθρεύσαμενwe utterly destroyedAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἐξολεθρεύωmain verb (repetition for emphasis)→ constative aorist (completed total destruction)ἐξολεθρεύω: the repeated verb intensifies the totality — 'utterly destroyed … utterly destroying every city in turn'; the second occurrence governs the distributive object πᾶσαν πόλιν.
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (distributive: 'every city')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / each'; distributive with πόλιν, marking the city-by-city completeness of the devotion.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ἐξωλεθρεύσαμεν→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; each captured town in turn was devoted to destruction.
ἑξῆςin turn / successivelyadverb (manner: 'one after another')→ clausal contributionἑξῆς: 'in order / successively / next'; here 'one after another', describing the systematic, sequential devotion of each city — the LXX rendering of מְתִם ('males / persons', read otherwise) here yields the sense of completeness in succession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwomenAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object of the destruction)→ object specificationγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders נָשִׁים; the inclusion of women and children in the ḥērem marks the destruction as total devotion, not selective slaughter of combatants.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίαchildren / little onesAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object of the destruction)→ object specificationπαιδίον: 'little child / infant'; renders טַף ('little ones / dependents'); their inclusion completes the totality of the ḥērem, in deliberate contrast to the livestock and spoil that were spared as plunder (v. 7).
7

καὶ πάντα τὰ κτήνη καὶ τὰ σκῦλα τῶν πόλεων ἐπρονομεύσαμεν ἑαυτοῖς

But all the livestock and the spoil of the cities we took as plunder for ourselves.

Contrastive completion (spoil spared from the ḥērem)καὶ πάντα τὰ κτήνη
The counterpart to v. 6: while the human population was devoted to destruction, the livestock and movable goods were taken as licit plunder for Israel — the same distinction observed in the Sihon campaign (Deut 2:35). This rule of partial ḥērem (persons destroyed, property kept) is the standard Deuteronomic pattern for the Transjordan wars.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶand / butnarrative conjunction (mildly contrastive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here marks the contrastive turn from devotion (v. 6) to plunder — the people destroyed, but the goods kept.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κτήνη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the captured livestock was taken as spoil.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηlivestock / cattleAccusativedirect object of ἐπρονομεύσαμεν→ object specificationκτῆνος: 'animal / beast / livestock'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the cattle of fertile Bashan (proverbial for its herds, Ps 22:12) became Israel's plunder, spared from the ḥērem that consumed the people.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκῦλαspoil / plunderAccusativedirect object (coordinate with κτήνη)→ object specificationσκῦλον (pl. σκῦλα): 'spoils / booty stripped from the enemy'; renders שָׁלָל; the movable wealth of the captured cities, lawfully retained by the victors.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivepossessive/source genitive (spoil from the cities)→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; the spoil 'of the cities' — the goods stripped from the sixty captured towns.
ἐπρονομεύσαμενwe took as plunderAor Act Indic 1 Pl · προνομεύωmain verb (the taking of spoil)→ constative aorist (completed act of plundering)προνομεύω: 'forage / carry off as booty / plunder'; renders בָּזַז ('spoil / plunder'); with the reflexive dative ἑαυτοῖς ('for ourselves'), it marks the spoil as lawfully appropriated by Israel, the counterpart to the human ḥērem of v. 6.
ἑαυτοῖςfor ourselvesDativereflexive dative of advantage ('for ourselves')→ sphere or referenceἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun; the dative of advantage ἑαυτοῖς ('for ourselves') stresses that the spoil was retained for Israel's own benefit, in contrast to the devoted population.
8

καὶ ἐλάβομεν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ τὴν γῆν ἐκ χειρῶν δύο βασιλέων τῶν Αμορραίων οἳ ἦσαν πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ἀπὸ τοῦ χειμάρρου Αρνων καὶ ἕως Αερμων

And we took at that time the land out of the hands of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the wadi Arnon as far as Hermon —

Summary statement (the whole Transjordan conquest)καὶ ἐλάβομεν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ
A retrospective summary of the entire Transjordan campaign (Sihon + Og), framing the two as 'the two kings of the Amorites'. The geographical span 'from the wadi Arnon to Hermon' defines the captured territory from its southern to its northern limit, the standard boundary formula for Israel's Transjordan holdings (cf. Josh 12:1–5).
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάβομενwe tookAor Act Indic 1 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (summary of the conquest)→ constative aorist (completed seizure of the whole region)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize'; renders לָקַח; the summary 'we took the land' gathers both campaigns into a single act of dispossession of the Amorite kings.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time ('at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time / occasion'; the recurring Deuteronomic marker ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ (בָּעֵת הַהִוא) again punctuates the retrospect.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; fixing the moment of the Transjordan conquest.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἐλάβομεν→ object specificationγῆ: 'land / territory'; renders אֶרֶץ; the whole Transjordan from the Arnon to Hermon, the combined realms of Sihon and Og.
ἐκout of / frompreposition + genitive (source: dispossession)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of'; ἐκ χειρῶν ('out of the hands of') is the idiom of wresting territory from a former possessor, rendering מִיַּד.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (idiom: 'out of the hands of')→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the plural 'hands' of the two kings, from whose power the land was wrested.
δύοtwoGenitiveindeclinable numeral (modifying βασιλέων)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable here (gen. function by context); 'the two kings of the Amorites' = Sihon and Og, a fixed pairing in the conquest tradition (cf. v. 21; Josh 2:10; 9:10).
βασιλέωνkingsGenitivegenitive (with χειρῶν: 'the hands of the kings')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; the two Amorite kings whose defeat is the chapter's paradigm of holy war.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with Αμορραίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραίωνAmoritesGenitivepartitive/possessive genitive (kings of the Amorites)→ relational specificationΑμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; renders אֱמֹרִי; the two kings classed together as Amorite rulers of the Transjordan.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἦσαν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the locating clause situating the kings 'beyond the Jordan'.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of relative clause (locating the kings)→ stative imperfect (their settled location)εἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect ἦσαν locates the two kings 'beyond the Jordan' (from the perspective of the land of Canaan), the Transjordanian east bank.
πέρανbeyond / acrossimproper preposition + genitive (location: 'beyond the Jordan')→ spatial or relational framingπέραν: 'on the other side / beyond'; improper preposition with the genitive; renders עֵבֶר; πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('beyond the Jordan') here denotes the east bank, viewed from the standpoint of Cisjordan (Canaan).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of πέραν→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: the Jordan river; declinable (gen. Ιορδάνου); renders הַיַּרְדֵּן; the boundary that Moses himself will not be permitted to cross (vv. 25–27).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (southern limit of the territory)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; the construction ἀπὸ … καὶ ἕως ('from … and as far as') marks the full south-to-north extent of the conquered land.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουwadi / torrentGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (southern boundary)→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: 'winter-torrent / wadi'; renders נַחַל; a seasonal stream-valley; the wadi Arnon is the southern boundary of the conquered Transjordan (the old Moab–Amorite frontier).
ΑρνωνArnongenitive of apposition with χειμάρρου (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑρνων: transliteration of Hebrew אַרְנוֹן (Arnon); indeclinable; the deep gorge (Wadi Mujib) entering the Dead Sea from the east, the southern limit of the Amorite/Israelite Transjordan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the two boundary terms)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςas far as / untoimproper preposition + genitive (northern limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as / until'; marks the northern boundary of the territory at Hermon, completing the ἀπό … ἕως span.
ΑερμωνHermongenitive object of ἕως (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑερμων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶרְמוֹן (Hermon); indeclinable; the snow-capped massif at the northern edge of the conquered land, whose alternative names are given in v. 9.
9

οἱ Φοίνικες ἐπονομάζουσιν τὸ Αερμων Σανιωρ καὶ ὁ Αμορραῖος ἐπωνόμασεν αὐτὸ Σανιρ

(The Phoenicians call Hermon 'Sanior,' and the Amorite named it 'Sanir.')

Antiquarian parenthesis (the names of Hermon)οἱ Φοίνικες ἐπονομάζουσιν
A learned narratorial aside on the multiple names of Mount Hermon: the Phoenicians (= Sidonians, MT) call it Sirion (Σανιωρ), the Amorites Senir (Σανιρ). Such glossing of toponyms is characteristic of the Deuteronomic narrator (cf. vv. 11, 14) and serves to fix the northern boundary-point of v. 8 with geographical precision; the present tense ἐπονομάζουσιν gives the Phoenician usage as still current at the time of writing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Φοίνικες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦοίνικεςPhoeniciansNominativesubject of ἐπονομάζουσιν→ participant prominenceΦοῖνιξ: 'Phoenician'; here the LXX renders Hebrew צִידֹנִים ('Sidonians') by the broader ethnic term 'Phoenicians', the coastal people; they call Hermon by the name Sirion.
ἐπονομάζουσινcall / namePres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπονομάζωmain verb (the Phoenician naming, still current)→ customary present (habitual/ongoing usage)ἐπονομάζω: 'name / call by name / surname'; renders קָרָא; the present tense marks a naming convention still in force, as against the aorist ἐπωνόμασεν (the Amorites' past naming).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Αερμων, marking accusative object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑερμωνHermonaccusative object of ἐπονομάζουσιν (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΑερμων: Hermon; the neuter article τό fixes the accusative; the mountain whose Phoenician and Amorite names are now given.
ΣανιωρSanior (Sirion)predicate accusative / object-complement (the name given)→ participant identificationΣανιωρ: transliteration of Hebrew שִׂרְיֹן (Sirion); indeclinable; the Phoenician/Sidonian name for Hermon (cf. Ps 29:6, where Sirion parallels Lebanon).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with Αμορραῖος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραῖοςAmoriteNominativesubject of ἐπωνόμασεν (collective singular)→ participant prominenceΑμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; the collective singular 'the Amorite' = the Amorite people, who called Hermon Senir.
ἐπωνόμασενnamedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπονομάζωmain verb (the Amorite naming)→ constative aorist (the act of naming in the past)ἐπονομάζω (aor.): 'named / called'; the aorist ἐπωνόμασεν gives the Amorite name as a settled past designation, paired with the present-tense Phoenician usage.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object of ἐπωνόμασεν (neuter, = Hermon)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it'; the neuter αὐτό refers back to τὸ Αερμων, the mountain being named.
ΣανιρSanir (Senir)predicate accusative / object-complement (the Amorite name)→ participant identificationΣανιρ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׂנִיר (Senir); indeclinable; the Amorite name for Hermon (cf. Song 4:8; 1 Chr 5:23; Ezek 27:5).
10

πᾶσαι πόλεις Μισωρ καὶ πᾶσα Γαλααδ καὶ πᾶσα Βασαν ἕως Σελχα καὶ Εδραϊν πόλεις βασιλείας τοῦ Ωγ ἐν τῇ Βασαν

all the cities of Mishor, and all Gilead, and all Bashan as far as Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

Geographical specification (the extent of the captured land)πᾶσαι πόλεις Μισωρ
A verbless inventory completing the summary of v. 8: the captured territory comprises the cities of the Mishor (the Moabite tableland), all Gilead, and all Bashan up to its northeastern towns Salecah and Edrei. The triple πᾶσαι/πᾶσα ('all … all … all') stresses the comprehensiveness of the conquest of Og's kingdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying πόλεις)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the first of three sweeping 'all'-statements covering Mishor, Gilead, and Bashan.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of the verbless clause (in apposition to the captured land)→ participant prominenceπόλις: 'city'; the towns of the Mishor plateau, the first region named.
ΜισωρMishor (the tableland)genitive of place with πόλεις (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜισωρ: transliteration of Hebrew הַמִּישֹׁר ('the level plain / tableland'); indeclinable in the LXX (treated as a proper name rather than translated); the Moabite plateau north of the Arnon (cf. Deut 4:43; Josh 13:9, 16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying Γαλααδ)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'all Gilead', the second region of the conquered land.
ΓαλααδGileadsubject (indeclinable place-name; fem. by Greek agreement)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְעָד (Gilead); indeclinable; the rugged highland region east of the Jordan between the Yarmuk and the Arnon, here treated as feminine (πᾶσα).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying Βασαν)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; 'all Bashan', the third and northernmost region.
ΒασανBashansubject (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; Og's kingdom, the northern plateau, bounded by Salecah and Edrei.
ἕωςas far asimproper preposition + genitive (extent: 'as far as')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as / up to'; marks the northeastern limit of Bashan at Salecah and Edrei.
ΣελχαSalecahgenitive object of ἕως (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣελχα: transliteration of Hebrew סַלְכָה (Salecah); indeclinable; a town at the eastern edge of Bashan, marking the boundary of Og's realm (cf. Josh 12:5; 13:11).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕδραϊνEdreigenitive object of ἕως (coordinate boundary-town)→ participant identificationΕδραϊν: Edrei; one of Og's two royal cities (cf. v. 1), here paired with Salecah as a boundary-point of Bashan.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional noun (summing up: 'cities of Og's kingdom')→ participant prominenceπόλις: 'city'; restates the whole inventory as 'cities of the kingdom of Og'.
βασιλείαςof the kingdomGenitivepossessive genitive (cities belonging to Og's kingdom)→ relational specificationβασιλεία: 'kingdom / royal domain'; renders מַמְלֶכֶת; the captured cities all belonged to Og's realm of Bashan.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with indeclinable Ωγ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΩγOggenitive of possession (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΩγ: indeclinable; the article τοῦ fixes the genitive 'of Og', whose kingdom these cities composed.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with indeclinable Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashandative object of ἐν (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; 'in Bashan' locates the kingdom of Og, rounding off the geographical summary.
11

ὅτι πλὴν Ωγ βασιλεὺς Βασαν κατελείφθη ἀπὸ τῶν Ραφαϊν ἰδοὺ ἡ κλίνη αὐτοῦ κλίνη σιδηρᾶ ἰδοὺ αὕτη ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῶν υἱῶν Αμμων ἐννέα πηχῶν τὸ μῆκος αὐτῆς καὶ τεσσάρων πηχῶν τὸ εὖρος αὐτῆς ἐν πήχει ἀνδρός

For only Og king of Bashan was left of the Rephaim. Behold, his bed was a bed of iron; behold, it is in the citadel of the sons of Ammon — nine cubits its length and four cubits its breadth, by the cubit of a man.

Antiquarian explanation (the giant lore of Og)ὅτι πλὴν Ωγ … κατελείφθη
An explanatory antiquarian note (ὅτι) accounting for Og's notoriety: he alone survived of the Rephaim, the legendary pre-Israelite giants. The two ἰδού-clauses present his iron κλίνη — a bedstead or, more likely, a basalt sarcophagus — as a still-visible relic at Rabbah of Ammon, its colossal dimensions (nine by four cubits 'by a man's cubit') proving the gigantic stature of its owner. This is the chapter's signature giant-lore aside.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ὅτιforcausal/explanatory conjunction (introducing the antiquarian note)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; here introduces an explanatory aside accounting for the special status of Og among the conquered kings.
πλὴνonlyadverbial restrictive ('only / alone')→ clausal contributionπλήν: here adverbial 'only / nevertheless', restricting: of all the Rephaim, Og alone remained; renders רַק.
ΩγOgsubject of κατελείφθη (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΩγ: indeclinable; the giant king, here singled out as the last survivor of the Rephaim.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ωγ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; βασιλεὺς Βασαν, the standing epithet of Og.
Βασανof Bashangenitive of place with βασιλεύς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; 'king of Bashan', Og's title.
κατελείφθηwas left / remainedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καταλείπωmain verb (Og as sole survivor of the Rephaim)→ constative aorist passive (the resultant fact of his survival)καταλείπω (aor. pass.): 'be left / left remaining'; renders נִשְׁאַר ('was left over'); the passive states that Og alone 'was left' of the Rephaim — a poignant irony, since the chapter has just reported his total destruction (v. 3), the last giant now extinct.
ἀπὸfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the Rephaim')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: here partitive, 'of / from among'; Og as the last remnant 'of the Rephaim'.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with Ραφαϊν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡαφαϊνRephaim (giants)genitive (partitive object of ἀπό; indeclinable, case by article)→ participant identificationΡαφαϊν: transliteration of Hebrew רְפָאִים (Rephaim); indeclinable; the legendary race of pre-Israelite giants of the Transjordan (cf. Gen 14:5; Deut 2:11, 20); Og is their last survivor, his iron bed standing as proof of their gigantic stature.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (drawing attention to the relic)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; the presentative particle directs the reader's gaze to the surviving relic, lending the antiquarian note vivid immediacy.
theNominativearticle (with κλίνη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηbed / bedsteadNominativesubject of the verbless clause ('his bed [was]…')→ participant prominenceκλίνη: 'bed / couch / bier'; renders עֶרֶשׂ; Og's famous 'bedstead' — most likely a large basalt sarcophagus or dolmen, popularly remembered as the giant's bed; its iron (basalt) material and vast size attest his stature.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Og's bed)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Og's bed).
κλίνηa bedNominativepredicate nominative ('[was] a bed of iron')→ participant prominenceκλίνη: the repeated noun forms the verbless predication 'his bed [was] a bed of iron', the repetition lending solemn emphasis to the marvel.
σιδηρᾶof ironNominativeattributive adjective (modifying the predicate κλίνη)→ participant prominenceσιδηροῦς: 'made of iron / iron-'; renders בַּרְזֶל; the 'iron' bed probably reflects the dark basalt (iron-bearing volcanic rock) characteristic of Bashan, popularly taken for iron — a fitting monument to a giant.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (second occurrence: pointing to its location)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: the repeated 'behold' now directs attention to where the relic may still be seen.
αὕτηit / thisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'this [bed]')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; αὕτη refers to the κλίνη, now said to be on display in Rabbah of the Ammonites.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἄκρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρᾳcitadel / acropolisDativedative of place (location of the relic)→ sphere or referenceἄκρα: 'citadel / topmost stronghold / acropolis'; the LXX renders the place-name רַבַּת (Rabbah) interpretively as 'the citadel/height of the sons of Ammon', i.e. the acropolis of Rabbath-Ammon (modern Amman), where the relic was displayed.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivepossessive genitive (the citadel of the sons of Ammon)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Αμμων ('the sons of Ammon') is the standard designation of the Ammonites, in whose chief city the giant's bed was kept.
ΑμμωνAmmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable; 'sons of Ammon')→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliteration of Hebrew עַמּוֹן (Ammon); indeclinable; the Ammonites, whose capital Rabbah held the relic of Og's bed.
ἐννέαnineGenitiveindeclinable numeral (genitive of measure with πηχῶν)→ measure or countἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable cardinal; renders תֵּשַׁע; nine cubits (≈ 4 metres) is the length of the bed, attesting Og's prodigious size — the chapter's most vivid datum of giant lore.
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure ('nine cubits in length')→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit / forearm (as a measure)'; renders אַמָּה; the genitive of measure gives the bed's dimensions; a cubit ≈ 44–52 cm, so nine cubits ≈ 4 m.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with μῆκος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μῆκοςlengthNominativenominative of respect (subject of verbless clause: 'its length [was]…')→ participant prominenceμῆκος: 'length'; renders אֹרֶךְ; the length of the bed, given as nine cubits.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the bed's length)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the bed's length).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσάρωνfourGenitivenumeral (genitive of measure with πηχῶν)→ relational specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; the genitive τεσσάρων agrees with πηχῶν; four cubits (≈ 1.8 m) is the breadth of the bed.
πηχῶνcubitsGenitivegenitive of measure ('four cubits in breadth')→ relational specificationπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the measure of the bed's width.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with εὖρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὖροςbreadth / widthNominativenominative of respect (subject of verbless clause: 'its breadth [was]…')→ participant prominenceεὖρος: 'breadth / width'; renders רֹחַב; the width of the bed, four cubits.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the bed's breadth)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the bed's breadth).
ἐνby / according topreposition + dative (standard of measure: 'by the cubit')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here instrumental/normative, 'by / according to (the measure of)'; ἐν πήχει ἀνδρός = 'by a man's cubit', specifying the standard forearm-length cubit, rendering בְּאַמַּת אִישׁ.
πήχειcubitDativedative of standard/measure (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceπῆχυς: 'cubit'; the dative πήχει gives the measuring standard — the ordinary cubit reckoned by a man's forearm, confirming the literal scale of the dimensions.
ἀνδρόςof a manGenitivegenitive of definition (the cubit reckoned 'of a man')→ relational specificationἀνήρ: 'man / adult male'; renders אִישׁ; 'a man's cubit' is the common standard forearm-cubit, specified to guarantee that the colossal dimensions are not exaggerated by some larger royal cubit.
12

καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην ἐκληρονομήσαμεν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀπὸ Αροηρ ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῦ χείλους χειμάρρου Αρνων καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ ὄρους Γαλααδ καὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτοῦ ἔδωκα τῷ Ρουβην καὶ τῷ Γαδ

And that land we took as a possession at that time: from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi Arnon — half of Mount Gilead and its cities I gave to Reuben and to Gad.

Transition to allotment (from conquest to inheritance)καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην ἐκληρονομήσαμεν
The narrative pivots from conquest (vv. 1–11) to distribution (vv. 12–17). Moses, now speaking in the first singular (ἔδωκα), begins the allotment of the captured Transjordan: the southern portion — from Aroer on the Arnon and half of Mount Gilead with its towns — goes to Reuben and Gad. The shift from plural ἐκληρονομήσαμεν ('we took as possession') to singular ἔδωκα ('I gave') marks Moses' personal role as the land-distributor.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (transitional)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἐκληρονομήσαμεν (fronted for emphasis)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the conquered Transjordan, now to be parcelled out as inheritance.
ἐκείνηνthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying γῆν)→ object specificationἐκεῖνος: 'that'; pointing back to the territory just described (vv. 8–10).
ἐκληρονομήσαμενwe took as a possessionAor Act Indic 1 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (taking possession of the land)→ constative aorist (completed inheritance/seizure)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession of'; renders יָרַשׁ ('possess / dispossess'); the verb introduces the theme of κληρονομία (inheritance/allotment) that dominates vv. 12–20; here the active sense is 'we took into possession'.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time ('at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time'; the recurring ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ marks the allotment as part of the same campaign-period.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the time of the conquest and its immediate distribution.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point of the allotted territory)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; marks the southern boundary of the allotment at Aroer on the Arnon.
ΑροηρAroergenitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑροηρ: transliteration of Hebrew עֲרֹעֵר (Aroer); indeclinable; the town on the north rim of the Arnon gorge, the standard southern marker of Israel's Transjordan holdings (cf. Deut 2:36; Josh 12:2).
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν; fem., agreeing with Αροηρ as a city)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the feminine ἥ agrees with Aroer construed as a city (πόλις), introducing its locating clause.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (locating Aroer)→ stative present (its abiding location)εἰμί: 'be'; the present 'which is on the edge of the Arnon' gives Aroer's geographical position as a permanent fact.
ἐπὶon / atpreposition + genitive (position: 'on the edge')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: 'on the edge').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείλουςedge / lip / brinkGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position of Aroer)→ relational specificationχεῖλος: 'lip / edge / rim / bank'; renders שָׂפָה ('lip / edge'); 'on the edge/brink of the wadi Arnon' describes Aroer perched on the rim of the deep Arnon gorge.
χειμάρρουof the wadiGenitivegenitive of relationship (the edge of the wadi)→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: 'winter-torrent / wadi'; renders נַחַל; the Arnon wadi, the southern frontier.
ΑρνωνArnongenitive of apposition with χειμάρρου (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑρνων: indeclinable; the Arnon gorge, southern boundary of the Reubenite allotment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἥμισυ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object of ἔδωκα: 'half of Mount Gilead')→ object specificationἥμισυς: 'half'; renders חֲצִי; 'half of Mount Gilead' — the southern portion of the Gilead highland assigned to Reuben and Gad, the northern half going to Manasseh (v. 13).
ὄρουςof the mountainGenitivepartitive genitive (half 'of Mount Gilead')→ relational specificationὄρος: 'mountain / hill-country'; renders הַר; 'Mount Gilead' = the Gilead highland, here divided between the southern tribes and Manasseh.
ΓαλααδGileadgenitive of apposition with ὄρους (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: indeclinable; Gilead, the highland whose southern half is allotted here.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκα (coordinate with τὸ ἥμισυ)→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; the towns of the southern Gilead, included in the grant to Reuben and Gad.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the mountain's cities)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the mountain's cities).
ἔδωκαI gaveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Moses' personal act of allotment)→ constative aorist (the completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the first-person singular ἔδωκα marks Moses as the personal distributor of the Transjordan inheritance (cf. vv. 13, 15, 16), exercising the authority that frames the whole allotment unit.
τῷtoDativearticle (with indeclinable Ρουβην, marking dative recipient)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡουβηνReubendative indirect object of ἔδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן (Reuben); indeclinable; the tribe of Reuben, one of the two-and-a-half Transjordan tribes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (with indeclinable Γαδ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαδGaddative indirect object of ἔδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד (Gad); indeclinable; the tribe of Gad, sharing the southern Transjordan allotment with Reuben.
13

καὶ τὸ κατάλοιπον τοῦ Γαλααδ καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Βασαν βασιλείαν Ωγ ἔδωκα τῷ ἡμίσει φυλῆς Μανασση καὶ πᾶσαν περίχωρον Αργοβ πᾶσαν τὴν Βασαν ἐκείνην γῆ Ραφαϊν λογισθήσεται

And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and all the region of Argob; all that Bashan shall be reckoned a land of the Rephaim.

Continued allotment (the northern grant to Manasseh)καὶ τὸ κατάλοιπον τοῦ Γαλααδ
The northern portion of the conquered land — the remainder of Gilead and the whole of Bashan, Og's kingdom, with the Argob district — goes to the half-tribe of Manasseh. The closing clause γῆ Ραφαϊν λογισθήσεται ('it shall be reckoned a land of the Rephaim') ties the allotment back to the giant lore of v. 11, branding Bashan with its ancient identity as the home of the giants now dispossessed.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κατάλοιπον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλοιπονremainder / restAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκα (the rest of Gilead)→ object specificationκατάλοιπος: 'remaining / left over'; substantivized 'the remainder'; renders יֶתֶר; 'the rest of Gilead' = the northern half not given to Reuben and Gad (v. 12).
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Γαλααδ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadpartitive genitive ('the rest of Gilead'; indeclinable, case by article)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: indeclinable; the Gilead highland, whose remaining northern part is allotted to Manasseh.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying Βασαν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all Bashan' — the whole northern plateau.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashandirect object of ἔδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; Og's kingdom, given in full to Manasseh.
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Βασαν ('Bashan, the kingdom of Og')→ object specificationβασιλεία: 'kingdom'; renders מַמְלֶכֶת; identifies Bashan as Og's former royal realm, now Israelite inheritance.
Ωγof Oggenitive of possession (indeclinable; 'kingdom of Og')→ participant identificationΩγ: indeclinable; the kingdom belonged to Og, the last of the Rephaim.
ἔδωκαI gaveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Moses' grant to Manasseh)→ constative aorist (the completed allotment)δίδωμι: 'give'; the first-person ἔδωκα continues Moses' role as land-distributor (cf. v. 12), now assigning the northern realm to half-Manasseh.
τῷto theDativearticle (with ἡμίσει)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσειhalfDativedative indirect object of ἔδωκα ('to the half [of the tribe]')→ sphere or referenceἥμισυς: 'half'; substantivized dative 'to the half-(tribe)'; renders חֲצִי; the half-tribe of Manasseh that settled east of the Jordan (the other half west of it).
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivepartitive genitive ('half of the tribe of Manasseh')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders שֵׁבֶט / מַטֶּה; the tribe of Manasseh, half of which received the Transjordan grant.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of apposition with φυλῆς (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασσης: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה (Manasseh); indeclinable here; the elder son of Joseph, whose half-tribe inherited Bashan and northern Gilead.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying περίχωρον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the region of Argob', included in Manasseh's grant.
περίχωρονregionAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκα (coordinate object)→ object specificationπερίχωρος: 'surrounding district'; the Argob plateau with its sixty cities (cf. vv. 4, 14).
Αργοβof Argobgenitive of place with περίχωρον (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑργοβ: indeclinable; the Argob district of Bashan.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (resumptive: 'all that Bashan')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the resumptive 'all that Bashan' sets up the closing characterization as a 'land of the Rephaim'.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashanaccusative (resumptive, anticipating the predication; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; resumed here to receive the antiquarian label 'land of the Rephaim'.
ἐκείνηνthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying Βασαν)→ object specificationἐκεῖνος: 'that'; pointing to the whole Bashan region just allotted.
γῆa landNominativepredicate nominative (with λογισθήσεται: 'shall be reckoned a land')→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the predicate of the reckoning-clause — Bashan 'shall be counted a land of the Rephaim', preserving its ancient giant-associations.
Ραφαϊνof the Rephaimgenitive of definition with γῆ (indeclinable: 'land of [the] Rephaim')→ participant identificationΡαφαϊν: indeclinable; the Rephaim/giants; Bashan is branded their ancestral land (cf. v. 11; Gen 14:5), a region whose mythic inhabitants Israel has now displaced.
λογισθήσεταιshall be reckonedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λογίζομαιmain verb of the predication-clause (passive)→ gnomic/predictive future passive (a settled designation)λογίζομαι: 'reckon / count / regard as'; renders חָשַׁב (Niphal); the future passive 'shall be reckoned' gives Bashan a fixed antiquarian classification as Rephaim-territory; the same verb underlies the Pauline 'reckoned as righteousness' (Gen 15:6), though here in a purely classificatory sense.
14

καὶ Ιαϊρ υἱὸς Μανασση ἔλαβεν πᾶσαν τὴν περίχωρον Αργοβ ἕως τῶν ὁρίων Γαργασι καὶ Ομαχαθι ἐπωνόμασεν αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ τὴν Βασαν Αυωθ Ιαϊρ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης

Jair son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob as far as the borders of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and he named them after his own name — Bashan — 'Havvoth-Jair,' to this day.

Sub-allotment within Manasseh (the holding of Jair)καὶ Ιαϊρ υἱὸς Μανασση ἔλαβεν
A genealogical-geographical note within the Manasseh grant: Jair, a Manassite clan-head, takes the Argob district up to the Geshurite and Maacathite borders and renames its settlements after himself, Havvoth-Jair ('the tent-villages of Jair'). The closing ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') is the standard etiological formula explaining a name still current at the time of writing.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαϊρJairsubject of ἔλαβεν (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΙαϊρ: transliteration of Hebrew יָאִיר (Jair); indeclinable; a Manassite clan-leader whose conquered villages bore his name (cf. Num 32:41; Josh 13:30; Judg 10:3–4).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ιαϊρ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son / descendant'; 'son of Manasseh' marks Jair as a member of the Manassite tribe (more precisely a descendant, his clan being reckoned to Manasseh).
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασσης: indeclinable; Jair belongs to the tribe of Manasseh, which inherited Bashan.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Jair's seizure of the Argob district)→ constative aorist (completed taking)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize'; renders לָקַח; Jair takes possession of the Argob region as his clan-holding within Manasseh's allotment.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying περίχωρον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the whole Argob district passes to Jair.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with περίχωρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περίχωρονregionAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationπερίχωρος: 'surrounding district'; the Argob plateau with its sixty fortified towns.
Αργοβof Argobgenitive of place with περίχωρον (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑργοβ: indeclinable; the Argob region of Bashan.
ἕωςas far asimproper preposition + genitive (extent: 'as far as the borders')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as / up to'; marks the limit of Jair's holding at the Geshurite/Maacathite frontier.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὁρίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίωνborders / boundariesGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'boundary / border / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; the frontier of the Geshurite and Maacathite enclaves, which lay outside Israel's conquest (cf. Josh 13:13).
Γαργασιof the Geshuritesgenitive of relationship with ὁρίων (indeclinable gentilic)→ participant identificationΓαργασι: the LXX's transliterated form of Hebrew הַגְּשׁוּרִי ('the Geshurite'); indeclinable; the Geshurites, an Aramean people on the northeastern border of Bashan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ομαχαθιof the Maacathitesgenitive of relationship with ὁρίων (indeclinable gentilic)→ participant identificationΟμαχαθι: the LXX's transliterated form of Hebrew הַמַּעֲכָתִי ('the Maacathite'); indeclinable; the people of Maacah, an Aramean enclave bordering Bashan, likewise unconquered.
ἐπωνόμασενhe namedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπονομάζωmain verb (Jair renames the settlements)→ constative aorist (the act of naming)ἐπονομάζω: 'name / call by name'; renders קָרָא; Jair gives the conquered villages his own name, the etiology of 'Havvoth-Jair'.
αὐτὰςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπωνόμασεν (the settlements/villages)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'them'; the feminine plural refers to the villages/towns (κῶμαι) of the Argob district.
ἐπὶafter / bypreposition + dative (basis: 'after his name')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: here 'on the basis of / after'; ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ('after his own name') renders עַל־שְׁמוֹ, the standard idiom for naming a place after a person.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ὀνόματι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameDativedative object of ἐπί (basis of the naming)→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; Jair perpetuates his own name in the place-name of his holding.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Jair's name)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Jair's name).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashanaccusative in apposition to αὐτάς (the Bashan district renamed)→ participant identificationΒασαν: indeclinable; here the Bashan/Argob district that Jair renamed after himself.
ΑυωθHavvoth (villages)predicate accusative / new name (object-complement)→ participant identificationΑυωθ: transliteration of Hebrew חַוֹּת ('tent-villages / encampments'); indeclinable; with Ιαϊρ forms the place-name 'Havvoth-Jair', 'the village-settlements of Jair'.
ΙαϊρJairappositional element of the place-name 'Havvoth-Jair'→ participant identificationΙαϊρ: indeclinable; the second element of the name Havvoth-Jair, perpetuating Jair's name in the region (cf. Judg 10:4; 1 Kgs 4:13).
ἕωςuntilimproper preposition + genitive (temporal: 'to this day')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / up to'; in the etiological formula ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day'), marking the name as still current at the time of writing.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμέρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; in the formula 'to this day' (ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης = עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה), a standard etiological marker authenticating the persistence of the name.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; 'this day' = the narrator's present, vouching for the continuing use of the name Havvoth-Jair.
15

καὶ τῷ Μαχιρ ἔδωκα τὴν Γαλααδ

And to Machir I gave Gilead.

Continued sub-allotment (the grant to Machir)καὶ τῷ Μαχιρ ἔδωκα
A terse allotment-note: Machir, the leading clan of Manasseh, receives Gilead. The brevity and the recurring first-singular ἔδωκα continue the list of Moses' grants (vv. 12–16), specifying the internal distribution within Manasseh's territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (with indeclinable Μαχιρ, marking dative recipient)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαχιρMachirdative indirect object of ἔδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΜαχιρ: transliteration of Hebrew מָכִיר (Machir); indeclinable; the firstborn of Manasseh and his leading clan, the 'father of Gilead' (Josh 17:1), who took the Gilead highland.
ἔδωκαI gaveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Moses' grant to Machir)→ constative aorist (the completed allotment)δίδωμι: 'give'; the recurring first-singular ἔδωκα marks another of Moses' personal allotments within the Manasseh inheritance.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Γαλααδ)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileaddirect object of ἔδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: indeclinable; the Gilead highland assigned to Machir's clan, fitting his title 'father of Gilead'.
16

καὶ τῷ Ρουβην καὶ τῷ Γαδ δέδωκα ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλααδ ἕως χειμάρρου Αρνων μέσον τοῦ χειμάρρου ὅριον καὶ ἕως τοῦ Ιαβοκ ὁ χειμάρρους ὅριον τοῖς υἱοῖς Αμμαν

And to Reuben and to Gad I have given from Gilead as far as the wadi Arnon — the middle of the wadi being the boundary — and as far as the Jabbok, the wadi being the boundary toward the sons of Ammon;

Boundary specification (the Reuben–Gad allotment delimited)καὶ τῷ Ρουβην καὶ τῷ Γαδ δέδωκα
Moses now fixes the precise borders of the Reuben–Gad grant: from Gilead south to the Arnon (the mid-channel being the boundary) and the Jabbok as the frontier toward Ammon. The perfect δέδωκα ('I have given') stresses the abiding, settled character of the grant; the boundary clauses (μέσον τοῦ χειμάρρου ὅριον … ὁ χειμάρρους ὅριον) employ the legal language of demarcation by watercourses.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (with indeclinable Ρουβην)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡουβηνReubendative indirect object of δέδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΡουβην: indeclinable; the tribe of Reuben, here receiving its delimited southern territory.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (with indeclinable Γαδ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαδGaddative indirect object of δέδωκα (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΓαδ: indeclinable; the tribe of Gad, sharing the delimited grant with Reuben.
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the settled grant)→ perfect (abiding result: the grant stands as a fixed possession)δίδωμι (perf.): 'have given'; the perfect δέδωκα (beside the aorist ἔδωκα of vv. 12–15) stresses the permanence and standing validity of the boundary-grant to Reuben and Gad.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (northern starting-point of the boundary)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; opens the boundary description, running from Gilead southward to the Arnon.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with indeclinable Γαλααδ)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadgenitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: indeclinable; the northern limit of the Reuben–Gad territory.
ἕωςas far asimproper preposition + genitive (southern limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as'; the southern boundary at the Arnon.
χειμάρρουof the wadiGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: 'wadi / torrent'; the Arnon, the southern frontier.
ΑρνωνArnongenitive of apposition with χειμάρρου (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑρνων: indeclinable; the Arnon gorge marking the southern boundary.
μέσονthe middleAccusativeaccusative of respect / appositional ('the middle of the wadi [as] boundary')→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle / midst'; 'the middle of the wadi' (μέσον τοῦ χειμάρρου) specifies that the boundary runs down the mid-channel of the Arnon, a precise legal demarcation (cf. תּוֹךְ הַנַּחַל).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with χειμάρρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουwadiGenitivepartitive genitive ('the middle of the wadi')→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: 'wadi'; the channel whose midline forms the border.
ὅριονboundaryNominativepredicate nominative (verbless: 'the middle … [is] boundary')→ participant prominenceὅριον: 'boundary / border'; renders גְּבוּל; the mid-wadi serves as the demarcating line of the territory.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςas far asimproper preposition + genitive (the Jabbok as further limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as'; the Jabbok marks the eastern/northern frontier toward Ammon.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with indeclinable Ιαβοκ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαβοκJabbokgenitive object of ἕως (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΙαβοκ: transliteration of Hebrew יַבֹּק (Jabbok); indeclinable; the wadi (Nahr ez-Zerqa) forming the boundary between Israelite territory and Ammon (cf. Num 21:24; Deut 2:37).
theNominativearticle (with χειμάρρους)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουςwadiNominativesubject of the verbless boundary-clause ('the wadi [is] boundary')→ participant prominenceχειμάρρους: 'wadi'; the Jabbok itself constitutes the frontier toward Ammon.
ὅριονboundaryNominativepredicate nominative (verbless: 'the wadi [is] boundary')→ participant prominenceὅριον: 'boundary'; the second demarcation-clause, fixing the Jabbok as the border 'toward the sons of Ammon'.
τοῖςtoward theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς; dative of reference/direction)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference ('boundary toward/for the sons of Ammon')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Αμμαν ('the sons of Ammon') — the Ammonites, whose territory the Jabbok bordered; the dative marks the direction/limit of the boundary.
ΑμμανAmmongenitive of relationship (indeclinable; 'sons of Ammon')→ participant identificationΑμμαν: transliteration of Hebrew עַמּוֹן (Ammon); indeclinable; here in the spelling Αμμαν; the Ammonites, bounded from Israelite Gad by the Jabbok.
17

καὶ ἡ Αραβα καὶ ὁ Ιορδάνης ὅριον Μαχαναρεθ καὶ ἕως θαλάσσης Αραβα θαλάσσης ἁλυκῆς ὑπὸ Ασηδωθ τὴν Φασγα ἀνατολῶν

and the Arabah and the Jordan are the boundary, from Chinnereth as far as the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.

Western boundary specification (the Jordan rift)καὶ ἡ Αραβα καὶ ὁ Ιορδάνης ὅριον
The western boundary of the Reuben–Gad allotment is the Jordan rift itself: the Arabah and the Jordan, running from the Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee) south to the Salt (Dead) Sea, below the slopes of Pisgah. The verse completes the four-sided demarcation begun in v. 16, anchoring the territory between the Arnon, the Jabbok, the Gileadite highlands, and the Jordan.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with indeclinable Αραβα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑραβαArabahsubject of the verbless boundary-clause (indeclinable; case by article)→ participant identificationΑραβα: transliteration of Hebrew הָעֲרָבָה (the Arabah); indeclinable; the Jordan rift-valley depression running south to the Dead Sea, here forming the western boundary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with Ιορδάνης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηςJordanNominativesubject (coordinate with Αραβα)→ participant prominenceΙορδάνης: the Jordan river; declinable (nom. Ιορδάνης); the river forms the western boundary of the eastern tribes' land.
ὅριονboundaryNominativepredicate nominative (verbless: 'the Arabah and Jordan [are] boundary')→ participant prominenceὅριον: 'boundary / border'; the Arabah and Jordan together constitute the western demarcation of the allotment.
Μαχαναρεθfrom Chinnerethplace-name marking the northern starting-point of the boundary (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜαχαναρεθ: the LXX's transliterated form of Hebrew כִּנֶּרֶת (Chinnereth/Kinnereth); indeclinable; the Sea of Chinnereth (later 'of Galilee'), the northern terminus of the Jordan-boundary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςas far asimproper preposition + genitive (southern terminus)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as'; the boundary runs south to the Dead Sea.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive object of ἕως→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; 'the sea of the Arabah' = the Dead Sea, the southern limit.
Αραβαof the Arabahgenitive of relationship with θαλάσσης (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑραβα: indeclinable; 'sea of the Arabah' identifies the Dead Sea by its location in the rift-valley.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive in apposition to the preceding θαλάσσης→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; restated in apposition as 'the Salt Sea', the standard name of the Dead Sea.
ἁλυκῆςsaltGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying the second θαλάσσης: 'the Salt Sea')→ relational specificationἁλυκός: 'salty / of salt'; renders הַמֶּלַח; 'the Salt Sea' (θάλασσα ἁλυκή) is the standard biblical designation of the Dead Sea (cf. Gen 14:3; Num 34:12).
ὑπὸunder / belowpreposition + accusative (position: 'below the slopes')→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + acc.: 'under / below'; locates the southeastern corner of the boundary beneath the slopes of Pisgah.
ΑσηδωθAshdoth (the slopes)object of ὑπό (indeclinable; transliterated topographic term)→ participant identificationΑσηδωθ: transliteration of Hebrew אַשְׁדֹּת ('slopes / ravines / springs'); indeclinable, treated as a place-name; the 'slopes of Pisgah' (Ashdoth-Pisgah) descending to the Dead Sea (cf. Deut 4:49; Josh 12:3).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable Φασγα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦασγαPisgahgenitive of relationship ('slopes of Pisgah'; indeclinable, case by article)→ participant identificationΦασγα: transliteration of Hebrew פִּסְגָּה (Pisgah); indeclinable; the ridge/peak in the Abarim range overlooking the Dead Sea and Jordan plain, from whose top Moses will view the land (v. 27; cf. Deut 34:1).
ἀνατολῶνeastward / of the eastGenitivegenitive of direction ('toward the east')→ relational specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'rising (of the sun) / east'; renders מִזְרָח; the genitive ἀνατολῶν ('eastward') specifies that Pisgah's slopes lie on the eastern side of the rift, closing the boundary description.
18

καὶ ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ λέγων κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ἔδωκεν ὑμῖν τὴν γῆν ταύτην ἐν κλήρῳ ἐνοπλισάμενοι προπορεύεσθε πρὸ προσώπου τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ πᾶς δυνατός

And I commanded you at that time, saying, 'The LORD your God has given you this land as an inheritance; armed, you shall go on ahead before your brothers the sons of Israel — every able-bodied man.'

Charge to the eastern tribes (the vanguard condition)καὶ ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν
Moses lays the condition on the eastern inheritance: though the land is given (ἔδωκεν … ἐν κλήρῳ), the warriors must cross over armed (ἐνοπλισάμενοι προπορεύεσθε) as a vanguard before their brothers. The participle ἐνοπλισάμενοι + present imperative προπορεύεσθε binds inheritance to military solidarity; πᾶς δυνατός ('every able-bodied man') defines the obligated group.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνετειλάμηνI commandedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (Moses' charge to the eastern tribes)→ constative aorist (the completed command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / give orders'; renders צִוָּה (Piel); the standard verb for an authoritative Mosaic charge (cf. v. 21); the middle voice is the regular LXX form.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative indirect object (the eastern tribes)→ participant reference or interestὑμεῖς: second-plural pronoun; 'you' = Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh, the recipients of the charge.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time ('at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time'; the recurring ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, situating the charge in the allotment-period.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the time of the eastern allotment.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse, Hebraism)→ imperfective participle (the content of the command)λέγω (pres. part.): the participle λέγων ('saying') is a Hebraism (לֵאמֹר) introducing direct discourse after a verb of commanding.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἔδωκεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the giver of the land, named in the covenant title κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant title 'the LORD your God' grounds the gift of land in the covenant bond.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἔδωκενhas givenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb of the quoted charge→ constative aorist (the accomplished divine grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the land is presented as already granted by YHWH (ἐν κλήρῳ), the basis on which the military obligation is laid.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of ἔδωκεν→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of ἔδωκεν.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the Transjordan territory granted to the eastern tribes.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying γῆν)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the land just allotted (vv. 12–17).
ἐνas / inpreposition + dative (as an allotment)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here 'as / by way of'; ἐν κλήρῳ ('as an inheritance/by lot') renders לְרִשְׁתָּהּ / בְּנַחֲלָה, marking the land as a formal possession.
κλήρῳinheritance / allotmentDativedative object of ἐν ('as an allotment')→ sphere or referenceκλῆρος: 'lot / portion / inheritance'; renders נַחֲלָה / גּוֹרָל; the land is given as a permanent inherited possession, the legal basis for the demand that the warriors first secure their brothers' inheritance too.
ἐνοπλισάμενοιhaving armed yourselvesAor Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐνοπλίζωcircumstantial participle (manner/condition: 'armed')→ antecedent aorist participle (equip yourselves, then advance)ἐνοπλίζω: 'arm / equip with weapons'; mid. 'arm oneself'; renders חָלַץ ('be equipped for war'); the participle ἐνοπλισάμενοι ('armed for battle') states the condition under which the eastern warriors are to march — as a fully armed vanguard.
προπορεύεσθεgo on ahead / advance beforePres Mid Impv 2 Pl · προπορεύομαιmain imperative of the charge (the vanguard command)→ durative present imperative (keep marching at the front)προπορεύομαι: 'go before / march in front / lead the way'; the compound προ- ('before') makes the eastern tribes the vanguard who cross over ahead of the rest of Israel; the present imperative envisages sustained advance throughout the conquest of Canaan.
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (position: 'in front of')→ spatial or relational framingπρό: 'before / in front of'; πρὸ προσώπου ('before the face of') is a Hebraism (לִפְנֵי) for 'ahead of / in advance of'.
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive object of πρό (idiom: 'before the face of')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; in πρὸ προσώπου τῶν ἀδελφῶν it renders לִפְנֵי, 'ahead of your brothers' — the eastern warriors leading the advance.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀδελφῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersGenitivegenitive (with πρὸ προσώπου: 'before your brothers')→ relational specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; renders אָח; the 'brothers' are the rest of the Israelite tribes who will inherit west of the Jordan; the kinship term grounds the obligation of solidarity in shared brotherhood.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive in apposition to ἀδελφῶν ('your brothers, the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; 'sons of Israel' (υἱοὶ Ισραηλ) defines the brothers as the whole covenant people.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship with υἱῶν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Israel); indeclinable; the covenant people whose vanguard the eastern tribes must form.
πᾶςeveryNominativeattributive adjective (in apposition to the subject of προπορεύεσθε)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; πᾶς δυνατός ('every able-bodied man') specifies who must cross over armed — the whole fighting force of the eastern tribes.
δυνατόςable-bodied / mighty manNominativesubstantivized adjective (in apposition: 'every able man')→ participant prominenceδυνατός: 'powerful / able / mighty'; substantivized 'a mighty/able-bodied man'; renders גִּבּוֹר חַיִל / כָּל־חֲלוּץ; defines the obligated vanguard as the able-bodied warriors, leaving the dependents behind (v. 19).
19

πλὴν αἱ γυναῖκες ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ κτήνη ὑμῶν οἶδα ὅτι πολλὰ κτήνη ὑμῖν κατοικείτωσαν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ὑμῶν αἷς ἔδωκα ὑμῖν

Only your wives and your children and your livestock — I know that you have much livestock — let them remain in your cities which I have given you,

Exception to the charge (the dependents stay behind)πλὴν αἱ γυναῖκες ὑμῶν
The πλήν-clause carves out the exception to the vanguard requirement: while the men cross over armed (v. 18), the wives, children, and abundant livestock are to remain in the allotted Transjordan cities. The parenthetical οἶδα ὅτι πολλὰ κτήνη ὑμῖν ('I know you have much livestock') acknowledges the practical motive — the rich pasture of Gilead/Bashan that first prompted the eastern tribes' request (Num 32:1).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
πλὴνonly / butadversative/restrictive particle (introducing the exception)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'only / except / however'; here restrictive, marking the dependents as the exception to the vanguard obligation; renders רַק.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with γυναῖκες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκεςwives / womenNominativesubject (of κατοικείτωσαν)→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders נָשִׁים; the wives of the eastern warriors, who remain behind while the men fight.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with τέκνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenNominativesubject (coordinate with γυναῖκες)→ participant prominenceτέκνον: 'child / offspring'; renders טַף ('little ones'); the children who stay in the Transjordan cities.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with κτήνη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηlivestockNominativesubject (coordinate with γυναῖκες, τέκνα)→ participant prominenceκτῆνος: 'livestock / cattle'; the herds of the eastern tribes, the practical reason they sought the rich Transjordan pasture (Num 32:1–5).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἶδαI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb of the parenthetical aside→ stative perfect (settled knowledge: 'I know')οἶδα: 'know'; perfect with present meaning; the parenthetical 'I know that you have much livestock' acknowledges the eastern tribes' pastoral wealth — a sympathetic concession motivating the leave-behind arrangement.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the object clause of οἶδα)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'that'; introduces the content of Moses' acknowledgment.
πολλὰmuch / manyNominativepredicate adjective (modifying κτήνη: 'livestock [is] much')→ participant prominenceπολύς: 'much / many'; the abundance of the eastern tribes' herds, the explicit ground for leaving them in the well-pastured Transjordan.
κτήνηlivestockNominativesubject of the ὅτι-clause ('that you have much livestock')→ participant prominenceκτῆνος: 'livestock'; repeated in the parenthetical to specify what is abundant.
ὑμῖνyou have / to youDativedative of possession ('there is much livestock to you')→ participant reference or interestὑμεῖς: the dative of possession (ὑμῖν … κτήνη = 'you have livestock'), a common Greek construction for ownership.
κατοικείτωσανlet them remain / dwellPres Act Impv 3 Pl · κατοικέωmain imperative (the dependents are to stay)→ durative present imperative (continuing residence)κατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / remain'; renders יָשַׁב; the third-plural imperative directs the wives, children, and herds to stay settled in the eastern cities while the warriors campaign west of the Jordan.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with πόλεσιν)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεσινcitiesDativedative of place (where the dependents remain)→ sphere or referenceπόλις: 'city'; the Transjordan towns allotted to the eastern tribes, where their families would be safe.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
αἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative by attraction to πόλεσιν; object of ἔδωκα)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun; the dative αἷς (attracted to the case of its antecedent πόλεσιν) introduces 'which I have given you'.
ἔδωκαI gaveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (the granted cities)→ constative aorist (the completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; the first-singular ἔδωκα again marks Moses' allotment, here of the cities where the dependents will remain.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of ἔδωκα→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of ἔδωκα.
20

ἕως ἂν καταπαύσῃ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὑμῶν ὥσπερ καὶ ὑμᾶς καὶ κατακληρονομήσουσιν καὶ οὗτοι τὴν γῆν ἣν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν δίδωσιν αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου καὶ ἐπαναστραφήσεσθε ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ ἣν ἔδωκα ὑμῖν

until the LORD your God gives rest to your brothers as also to you, and they too take possession of the land which the LORD our God is giving them beyond the Jordan; then you shall return, each to his own inheritance which I have given you.

Temporal condition and release (the term of the obligation)ἕως ἂν καταπαύσῃ κύριος
The temporal clause sets the term of the eastern tribes' service: their warriors must remain at the front until the LORD gives the rest of Israel 'rest' (καταπαύσῃ) and they too possess their land west of the Jordan; only then (καὶ ἐπαναστραφήσεσθε) may each return to his own Transjordan inheritance. The motif of 'rest' (κατάπαυσις) is a key Deuteronomic theme (cf. Deut 12:9–10; Josh 1:13–15), and the distributive ἕκαστος rounds off the arrangement.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (with ἄν + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; with ἄν and the subjunctive καταπαύσῃ marks the indefinite future term of the obligation — until the rest of Israel is settled.
ἂν(modal particle)modal particle (with subjunctive in indefinite temporal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: untranslatable modal particle; with ἕως and the subjunctive it gives the clause its indefinite, contingent futurity ('whenever / until such time as').
καταπαύσῃgives restAor Act Subj 3 Sg · καταπαύωverb of indefinite temporal clause (subjunctive with ἕως ἄν)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (brings to rest)καταπαύω: 'cause to rest / give rest / bring to a settled state'; renders נוּחַ (Hiphil); the key Deuteronomic 'rest' motif — YHWH grants Israel secure settlement in the land (cf. Deut 12:10; 25:19; Josh 21:44), the condition that releases the eastern warriors.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of καταπαύσῃ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the one who grants rest, named in the covenant title.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the covenant title 'the LORD your God'.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀδελφούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativedirect object of καταπαύσῃ (the rest of Israel)→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; the other tribes, who must be given rest before the eastern warriors are released.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ὥσπερjust ascomparative conjunction ('as also you')→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: 'just as'; the comparison ὥσπερ καὶ ὑμᾶς ('as also [he gave rest to] you') notes that the eastern tribes already enjoy the rest the western tribes still await.
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive: 'also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adverbial 'also / too', emphasizing the parallel between the eastern tribes' rest and that promised to their brothers.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative (object implied with the comparative: 'as also you')→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: 'you'; the eastern tribes, already at rest in their Transjordan inheritance.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the temporal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακληρονομήσουσινthey will take possessionFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακληρονομέωcoordinate verb (the brothers' future possession)→ predictive future (the assured inheritance of Canaan)κατακληρονομέω: 'take possession of / inherit fully / occupy as inheritance'; the intensive κατα- compound renders יָרַשׁ; the western tribes will 'inherit' their land just as the eastern tribes have theirs — the completion of the whole conquest.
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive, with οὗτοι: 'they too')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: 'also / too'; with οὗτοι, 'these too' will inherit — emphasizing the parity of all the tribes.
οὗτοιthese / they tooNominativesubject of κατακληρονομήσουσιν (the western brothers)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; 'these too' = the rest of Israel, who will likewise possess their inheritance west of the Jordan.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατακληρονομήσουσιν→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of Canaan, west of the Jordan, which the LORD is giving the other tribes.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of δίδωσιν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces 'which the LORD is giving them'.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of δίδωσιν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the giver of the western land, named again in the covenant title (here 'our God').
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the title shifts to 'the LORD our God' (ἡμῶν), Moses including himself with the people.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
δίδωσινis givingPres Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (the ongoing divine gift)→ progressive present (the gift now being effected)δίδωμι (pres.): 'give'; the present δίδωσιν presents the bestowal of the western land as already in progress — a gift being realized through the imminent conquest.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object of δίδωσιν (the western tribes)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of δίδωσιν (the western tribes).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative, with substantivized πέραν)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative, with substantivized πέραν).
τῷtheDativearticle (substantivizing the adverb πέραν: 'the region across')→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέρανbeyond / acrossadverb substantivized by τῷ ('in the [region] beyond')→ clausal contributionπέραν: 'on the other side / across'; here substantivized with the article (ἐν τῷ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου = 'in the region across the Jordan'); from the eastern speaker's standpoint this denotes Cisjordan (the west bank), the land of the western tribes.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive (with πέραν: 'across the Jordan')→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: the Jordan river; declinable (gen. Ιορδάνου); the dividing line between the eastern and western inheritances.
καὶand / thennarrative conjunction (consequence: 'then you shall return')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here consequential 'then', marking the release of the eastern warriors once the condition is met.
ἐπαναστραφήσεσθεyou shall returnFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · ἐπαναστρέφωmain verb (the release/return of the eastern warriors)→ predictive future (the promised homecoming)ἐπαναστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the double compound ἐπ-ανα- intensifies 'return back again'; renders שׁוּב; once Israel's rest is secured, each eastern warrior may go home to his Transjordan inheritance.
ἕκαστοςeachNominativedistributive subject (in apposition: 'each [of you]')→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive, individualizing the return — every man to his own portion.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal of the return)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of the return).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κληρονομίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (goal of the return)→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage / possession'; renders נַחֲלָה / יְרֻשָּׁה; each warrior's allotted Transjordan portion, to which he returns once Israel is at rest.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (each man's own inheritance)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (each man's own inheritance).
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδωκα)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; introduces 'which I have given you', referring the inheritance back to Moses' allotment.
ἔδωκαI gaveAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (Moses' grant)→ constative aorist (the completed allotment)δίδωμι: 'give'; the closing first-singular ἔδωκα seals the inheritance as Moses' own grant, rounding off the charge to the eastern tribes.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object of ἔδωκα→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object of ἔδωκα.
21

καὶ τῷ Ἰησοῖ ἐνετειλάμην ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ λέγων οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὑμῶν ἑωράκασιν πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν τοῖς δυσὶ βασιλεῦσι τούτοις οὕτως ποιήσει κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν πάσας τὰς βασιλείας ἐφ᾿ ἃς σὺ διαβαίνεις ἐκεῖ

And to Joshua I commanded at that time, saying, 'Your eyes have seen all that the LORD our God did to these two kings; so will the LORD our God do to all the kingdoms into which you are crossing over there.'

Charge to Joshua (commissioning the successor)καὶ τῷ Ἰησοῖ ἐνετειλάμην
Moses turns to commission Joshua, his successor. The argument moves from eyewitness experience to confident extrapolation: 'your eyes have seen' (ἑωράκασιν, perfect of abiding sight) what YHWH did to the two kings; 'so will the LORD do' (οὕτως ποιήσει) to all the Canaanite kingdoms. The Sihon–Og victories become the guarantee of the whole conquest, the paradigm explicitly applied to the future.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Ἰησοῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἸησοῖJoshuaDativedative indirect object of ἐνετειλάμην→ sphere or referenceἸησοῦς: the Greek form of Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Joshua); a declinable noun (dat. Ἰησοῖ); Moses' attendant and divinely appointed successor (Num 27:18–23), here commissioned to lead the conquest of Canaan; the same Greek name later borne by Jesus.
ἐνετειλάμηνI commandedAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (Moses' charge to Joshua)→ constative aorist (the completed commissioning)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders צִוָּה; the same verb used for the charge to the eastern tribes (v. 18); here it formally commissions Joshua as successor.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time ('at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time'; the recurring time-marker, situating Joshua's commissioning in the same period.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the time of the Transjordan settlement.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse, Hebraism)→ imperfective participle (the content of the charge)λέγω (pres. part.): λέγων ('saying') Hebraistically introduces the words of the charge (לֵאמֹר).
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ὀφθαλμοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubject of ἑωράκασιν→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; 'your eyes have seen' grounds the commission in eyewitness experience — Joshua and Israel have personally witnessed YHWH's defeat of Sihon and Og.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (note the shift to plural: the people with Joshua)→ relational specificationὑμεῖς: the plural 'your' broadens the address from Joshua to all Israel who witnessed the victories, even within a charge formally directed to Joshua.
ἑωράκασινhave seenPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb of the quoted charge (perfect of abiding experience)→ perfect (past sight with continuing evidential force)ὁράω (perf.): 'see'; the perfect ἑωράκασιν ('have seen [and so still know]') stresses that the eyewitness memory of the two victories is a standing, persuasive ground for confidence in the coming conquest.
πάνταallAccusativedirect object of ἑωράκασιν (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all that the LORD did', the totality of the witnessed acts.
ὅσαas many as / whateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν: 'all that…')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the relative ὅσα ('all that') sums up everything YHWH did to the two kings.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (YHWH's past acts)→ constative aorist (the completed deeds)ποιέω: 'do'; the witnessed acts of YHWH against Sihon and Og; the same verb recurs in the future ποιήσει ('will do'), binding past and future.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐποίησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the agent of the victories, named in the covenant title 'the LORD our God'.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God' — the covenant warrior who defeated the two kings.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with βασιλεῦσι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυσὶtwoDativenumeral (dative, modifying βασιλεῦσι)→ sphere or referenceδύο: 'two'; the dative δυσί agrees with βασιλεῦσι; 'these two kings' = Sihon and Og, the paradigm pair (cf. v. 8).
βασιλεῦσιkingsDativedative of disadvantage (object of ἐποίησεν: 'did to the two kings')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; the two Amorite kings whose defeat is the evidentiary basis of the charge.
τούτοιςtheseDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying βασιλεῦσι)→ sphere or referenceοὗτος: 'these'; pointing to Sihon and Og, recently defeated.
οὕτωςso / thusadverb of manner (correlative: 'so likewise')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; the correlative 'so will the LORD do' extrapolates from the two victories to all the kingdoms of Canaan — the heart of the charge's logic.
ποιήσειwill doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the confident future application)→ predictive future (assured outcome)ποιέω (fut.): 'do'; the future ποιήσει mirrors the aorist ἐποίησεν — what YHWH did to the two kings he will do to all the kingdoms; the verbal repetition makes the past the guarantee of the future.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ποιήσει→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the same divine warrior who will subdue the Canaanite kingdoms.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God', repeated to underscore the continuity of divine agency from the Transjordan into Canaan.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βασιλείας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the kingdoms' — the comprehensive scope of the promised conquest, extending the two-king paradigm to the whole land.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλείας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσει (the Canaanite kingdoms)→ object specificationβασιλεία: 'kingdom'; the city-kingdoms of Canaan into which Joshua will cross — all destined for the same fate as Sihon and Og.
ἐφ᾿against / intopreposition + accusative (direction of crossing; elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'against / upon / into'; ἐφ᾽ ἃς … διαβαίνεις, 'into which you are crossing', marks the kingdoms as the goal of Joshua's advance.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπί)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the antecedent is τὰς βασιλείας, the kingdoms into which Joshua crosses.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject of διαβαίνεις (Joshua)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; singles out Joshua as the one who will lead the crossing — pointedly, since Moses himself may not (vv. 25–27).
διαβαίνειςyou cross overPres Act Indic 2 Sg · διαβαίνωverb of relative clause (Joshua's imminent crossing)→ futuristic present (the crossing as imminent/certain)διαβαίνω: 'cross over / go through'; renders עָבַר; the same verb that frames Moses' denied crossing (vv. 25–27); here Joshua 'crosses over' as the one who will do what Moses cannot.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (resumptive: 'there')→ adverbial qualificationἐκεῖ: 'there'; a resumptive adverb (Hebraism, שָׁמָּה) reinforcing the relative 'into which … there', pointing to the land of Canaan as the destination.
22

οὐ φοβηθήσεσθε ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν αὐτὸς πολεμήσει περὶ ὑμῶν

You shall not fear them, for the LORD our God himself will fight for you.

Holy-war assurance (the divine-warrior motif)οὐ φοβηθήσεσθε
The climax of the charge: the fear-not formula (here as an emphatic future-for-imperative, οὐ φοβηθήσεσθε) grounded in the divine-warrior theme. The emphatic αὐτός ('he himself') with πολεμήσει ('will fight') makes YHWH personally the combatant — the conquest is his battle, not Israel's; περὶ ὑμῶν ('on your behalf') marks the people as the beneficiaries of the divine warfare. This is the chapter's signature theological statement.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὐnotnegative particle (with future indicative as emphatic prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negative of fact; with the future indicative φοβηθήσεσθε it forms an emphatic prohibition ('you shall not fear'), a stronger, more solemn form than μή + subjunctive — rendering the Hebrew לֹא תִּירָאוּם.
φοβηθήσεσθεyou shall fearFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · φοβέομαιmain verb (future-for-imperative: emphatic prohibition)→ predictive/imperatival future (a binding 'you shall not fear')φοβέομαι: 'fear / be afraid'; the future indicative used imperativally ('you shall not fear') has the force of an absolute command; the assurance answers the war-oracle's μὴ φοβηθῇς of v. 2, now extended to the whole conquest.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the ground of fearlessness — the divine warrior fighting for Israel; the 'fear not, for…' structure is the heart of the holy-war oracle.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of πολεμήσει→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; named as the warrior who fights for his people, the ground of their courage.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; 'the LORD our God' — the covenant deity who personally wages Israel's wars.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
αὐτὸςhimselfNominativeintensive pronoun (emphatic: 'he himself' fights)→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'himself'; the emphatic αὐτὸς πολεμήσει ('he himself will fight') is the chapter's keynote of the divine-warrior theology — YHWH, not Israel's might, secures the victory (cf. Exod 14:14, κύριος πολεμήσει περὶ ὑμῶν; Deut 1:30).
πολεμήσειwill fightFut Act Indic 3 Sg · πολεμέωmain verb of the causal clause (the divine warfare)→ predictive future (the assured divine combat)πολεμέω: 'wage war / fight'; renders לָחַם (Niphal); the future πολεμήσει presents YHWH as the active combatant in Israel's wars; the phrase αὐτὸς πολεμήσει περὶ ὑμῶν echoes the Red Sea declaration of Exod 14:14, the locus classicus of the divine-warrior motif.
περὶfor / on behalf ofpreposition + genitive (advantage: 'on your behalf')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / on behalf of / for'; here of advantage, 'fight for you' — Israel as the beneficiary of YHWH's warfare; renders עַל.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (beneficiaries of the divine warfare)→ relational specificationὑμεῖς: 'you'; Israel, for whose sake YHWH himself fights.
23

καὶ ἐδεήθην κυρίου ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ λέγων

And I entreated the LORD at that time, saying,

Transition to Moses' plea (the personal entreaty)καὶ ἐδεήθην κυρίου
The narrative pivots from the public charges (vv. 18–22) to Moses' intensely personal episode (vv. 23–28). The verb ἐδεήθην ('I begged / entreated') signals heartfelt supplication, not mere request; the introductory λέγων opens the prayer that follows in vv. 24–25, building toward the poignant denial of v. 26.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (transitional)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδεήθηνI entreated / beggedAor Pass Indic 1 Sg · δέομαιmain verb (Moses' supplication)→ constative aorist (the completed act of pleading)δέομαι: 'beg / beseech / entreat earnestly'; takes the genitive of the person entreated (κυρίου); renders חָנַן (Hithpael, 'make supplication'); the verb conveys fervent personal petition, fitting Moses' emotional plea to enter the land.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐδεήθην (the one entreated)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; δέομαι takes its object in the genitive — Moses entreats the LORD, who alone can grant the request.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time ('at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time'; the recurring marker, here locating Moses' prayer in the same period as the allotment and commissioning.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the time of the Transjordan settlement and Joshua's commissioning.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the prayer, Hebraism)→ imperfective participle (the words of the entreaty)λέγω (pres. part.): λέγων ('saying') Hebraistically introduces the content of Moses' prayer (vv. 24–25).
24

κύριε κύριε σὺ ἤρξω δεῖξαι τῷ σῷ θεράποντι τὴν ἰσχύν σου καὶ τὴν δύναμίν σου καὶ τὴν χεῖρα τὴν κραταιὰν καὶ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν ὑψηλόν τίς γάρ ἐστιν θεὸς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἢ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὅστις ποιήσει καθὰ σὺ ἐποίησας καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἰσχύν σου

'O Lord, Lord, you have begun to show your servant your strength and your power, and your mighty hand and uplifted arm; for what god is there in heaven or on earth who can do as you have done and according to your might?'

Body of the prayer (doxological appeal)κύριε κύριε σὺ ἤρξω δεῖξαι
Moses' prayer opens with the doubled vocative κύριε κύριε ('O Lord, Lord') and a doxological rehearsal of YHWH's incomparable power: strength, might, mighty hand, and uplifted arm — the classic Exodus vocabulary of redemption. The rhetorical question τίς … θεός ('what god…?') is the incomparability formula (cf. Exod 15:11; Deut 4:35), establishing the ground of Moses' hope that the God who began such mighty works will let him see their completion.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
κύριεO LordVocativevocative of address (opening the prayer)→ direct addressκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the doubled vocative κύριε κύριε renders the Hebrew אֲדֹנָי יהוה ('Lord GOD'), a solemn double divine address opening the supplication.
κύριεLordVocativevocative (doubled address for solemnity)→ direct addressκύριος: the repeated vocative intensifies the appeal; the LXX renders the Hebrew divine compound אֲדֹנָי יהוה by κύριε κύριε, both elements as 'Lord'.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject of ἤρξω→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; stresses that it is YHWH himself who has begun to display his power to Moses, the basis of the plea.
ἤρξωyou have begunAor Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἄρχομαιmain verb of the prayer (complementary infinitive follows)→ constative aorist (the begun display of power)ἄρχομαι: 'begin'; mid. with complementary infinitive δεῖξαι; renders הַחִלּוֹתָ ('you have begun'); Moses' argument: since YHWH has only begun to show his greatness, let the servant see more — the implicit plea to enter the land where the work will be completed.
δεῖξαιto showAor Act Inf · δείκνυμιcomplementary infinitive (with ἤρξω: 'begun to show')→ constative aorist infinitive (the act of showing)δείκνυμι: 'show / display / reveal'; renders רָאָה (Hiphil, 'cause to see'); YHWH has begun to 'show' Moses his power in the Transjordan victories, the prelude (Moses hopes) to greater showings in Canaan.
τῷto theDativearticle (with θεράποντι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῷyourDativepossessive adjective (modifying θεράποντι)→ sphere or referenceσός: 'your'; the possessive 'your servant' expresses Moses' humble self-designation before YHWH.
θεράποντιservantDativedative indirect object of δεῖξαι ('show to your servant')→ sphere or referenceθεράπων: 'servant / attendant / minister'; renders עֶבֶד; Moses' standing title 'servant of the LORD' (θεράπων κυρίου, Num 12:7–8; Deut 34:5); the self-effacing term frames the plea as a servant's humble petition.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἰσχύν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύνstrengthAccusativedirect object of δεῖξαι (first member of the power-catalogue)→ object specificationἰσχύς: 'strength / might / power'; renders גֹּדֶל / כֹּחַ; the first of four terms in the doxological catalogue of divine power, echoing the Exodus vocabulary of redemption.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with δύναμιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμίνpowerAccusativedirect object of δεῖξαι (second member of the catalogue)→ object specificationδύναμις: 'power / might / capability'; renders יָד הַחֲזָקָה / כֹּחַ; the second term of the power-catalogue; ἰσχύς and δύναμις together stress YHWH's overwhelming might.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandAccusativedirect object of δεῖξαι (third member of the catalogue)→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; 'the mighty hand' (ἡ χεὶρ ἡ κραταιά) renders יָד חֲזָקָה, a classic Exodus epithet for YHWH's redemptive power (Exod 3:19; 6:1; Deut 4:34).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with κραταιάν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραταιὰνmighty / strongAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying χεῖρα, second-attributive position)→ object specificationκραταιός: 'mighty / strong / powerful'; renders חֲזָקָה; 'the mighty hand' is the standard Deuteronomic phrase for YHWH's power in the Exodus and conquest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βραχίονα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναarmAccusativedirect object of δεῖξαι (fourth member of the catalogue)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm'; 'the uplifted/high arm' (ὁ βραχίων ὁ ὑψηλός) renders זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה ('outstretched arm'), the twin of 'mighty hand' in the Exodus-redemption formula (Exod 6:6; Deut 4:34; 5:15).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ὑψηλόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλόνhigh / upliftedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα)→ object specificationὑψηλός: 'high / lofty / uplifted'; here renders נְטוּיָה ('outstretched'); 'the high/uplifted arm' completes the four-fold power-catalogue evoking YHWH's redemptive might.
τίςwhat / whoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν; incomparability formula)→ participant referenceτίς: interrogative 'who / what'; introduces the incomparability question 'what god…?', a rhetorical denial that any deity rivals YHWH (cf. Exod 15:11; Deut 4:35; Ps 89:6).
γάρforcausal/explanatory particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the ground for the doxology — no other god can match YHWH's deeds, so to have seen his works is to have seen the incomparable.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of the rhetorical question ('what god is there…?')→ stative present (existence)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; in the incomparability question, 'what god is there…' — expecting the answer 'none'.
θεὸςgodNominativepredicate nominative (with τίς: 'what god')→ participant prominenceθεός: 'god / deity'; here generic, 'what god [in heaven or earth]', the rhetorical foil against which YHWH's uniqueness is asserted.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οὐρανῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenDativedative of place ('in heaven')→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; renders שָׁמַיִם; 'in heaven or on earth' is a merism for the entire cosmos — no god anywhere matches YHWH.
ordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; joins the two halves of the cosmic merism, 'in heaven or on earth'.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + genitive (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (locative).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί ('on the earth')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth / land'; the second half of the merism; renders אֶרֶץ; together 'heaven and earth' encompass all possible rivals to YHWH.
ὅστιςwhoNominativeindefinite relative pronoun (subject of ποιήσει)→ participant referenceὅστις: indefinite relative 'who(ever) / such as'; 'who is such as to do as you have done' — the relative defines the impossible rival being denied.
ποιήσειwill do / can doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the relative clause (potential: 'could do')→ potential future (could do — but none can)ποιέω (fut.): 'do / make'; the future in the relative clause carries a potential nuance ('who could do…'), the very deeds being beyond any other god's power.
καθὰas / just ascomparative conjunction ('as you have done')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'as / just as / according to what'; renders כְּ / כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the comparison — no god can act as YHWH has acted.
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject of ἐποίησας→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you'; underscores that YHWH alone is the standard of incomparable action.
ἐποίησαςyou have doneAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of comparative clause (YHWH's incomparable deeds)→ constative aorist (the accomplished mighty works)ποιέω (aor.): 'do'; 'as you have done' — YHWH's deeds in the Exodus and the Transjordan, beyond all rivalry; the verbal echo (ποιήσει … ἐποίησας) frames the incomparability claim.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/measure)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / in accordance with'; 'according to your might' — no god can match the measure of YHWH's power.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἰσχύν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύνstrength / mightAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (standard of comparison)→ object specificationἰσχύς: 'strength / might'; the closing word of the prayer's doxology, inclusio with the opening τὴν ἰσχύν σου — YHWH's might frames the whole appeal.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
25

διαβὰς οὖν ὄψομαι τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθὴν ταύτην τὴν οὖσαν πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸν Ἀντιλίβανον

Let me therefore cross over and see this good land that is beyond the Jordan, this good hill country and Antilebanon.

The petition proper (the request to cross and see)διαβὰς οὖν ὄψομαι
The substance of Moses' plea: 'crossing over, let me see' (διαβὰς … ὄψομαι) the good land. The verb ὄψομαι ('I will see / let me see') voices the longing that defines Moses' tragedy — to see the land of promise. The double τὴν ἀγαθήν / τὸ ἀγαθόν ('good … good') and the inclusion of the hill country and Antilebanon paint the land in its full desirability, sharpening the pathos of the denial that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
διαβὰςhaving crossed overAor Act Part Nom Masc Sg · διαβαίνωcircumstantial participle (means/attendant circumstance to ὄψομαι)→ antecedent aorist participle (cross over, then see)διαβαίνω: 'cross over'; renders עָבַר; the participle διαβάς ('having crossed') makes the crossing the necessary precondition of the seeing; the very act Moses requests and is denied (vv. 26–27).
οὖνtherefore / theninferential particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: 'therefore / so'; draws the petition out of the doxology of v. 24 — since YHWH's power is incomparable and only begun, let Moses cross and see its further display.
ὄψομαιI will see / let me seeFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb of the petition (volitive future)→ volitive/desiderative future ('let me see')ὁράω (fut. mid. ὄψομαι): 'see'; the future expresses Moses' yearning desire ('let me see'); the longing 'to see the good land' is the emotional core of the whole episode — granted in part on Pisgah (v. 27; Deut 34:1–4) but never to be entered.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ὄψομαι→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the promised land of Canaan, west of the Jordan, the object of Moses' longing.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἀγαθήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὴνgoodAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying γῆν)→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; renders טוֹבָה; 'the good land' (ἡ γῆ ἡ ἀγαθή) is a standard Deuteronomic epithet for Canaan (Deut 1:35; 4:21–22; 8:7–10); its repetition heightens the desirability Moses is denied.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying γῆν)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; deictic, pointing across the Jordan to the visible land of promise.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with the participle οὖσαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖσανbeing / which isPres Act Part Acc Fem Sg · εἰμίattributive participle (modifying γῆν: 'which is beyond the Jordan')→ imperfective participle (its abiding location)εἰμί (pres. part.): 'being'; the articular participle τὴν οὖσαν ('which is') locates the good land 'beyond the Jordan' — from Moses' standpoint, the unreachable west bank.
πέρανbeyond / acrossimproper preposition + genitive (location: 'beyond the Jordan')→ spatial or relational framingπέραν: 'on the other side / beyond'; here, from the eastern speaker's standpoint, the west bank of the Jordan — the land Moses may see but not enter.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of πέραν→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: the Jordan river; declinable (gen. Ιορδάνου); the boundary Moses longs but is forbidden to cross.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountain / hill countryAccusativeaccusative in apposition to γῆν (the hill country)→ object specificationὄρος: 'mountain / hill country'; renders הָהָר ('the hill country'); the central highlands of Canaan, in apposition to 'the good land', specifying its desirable terrain.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ὄρος)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; deictic, 'this good hill country'.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἀγαθόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὸνgoodAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ὄρος)→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; the repeated 'good' (now of the hill country) reinforces the land's surpassing desirability.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ἀντιλίβανον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈντιλίβανονAntilebanonAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object: the Antilebanon range)→ object specificationἈντιλίβανος: 'Antilebanon'; the LXX renders Hebrew הַלְּבָנוֹן ('the Lebanon') by Ἀντιλίβανον, the eastern (Anti-)Lebanon range; a declinable Greek name marking the northern reach of the good land.
26

καὶ ὑπερεῖδεν κύριος ἐμὲ ἕνεκεν ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσέν μου καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἱκανούσθω σοι μὴ προσθῇς ἔτι λαλῆσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦτον

But the LORD disregarded me for your sake, and did not listen to me; and the LORD said to me, 'Let it suffice you; speak to me no more of this matter.'

The denial (the petition refused)καὶ ὑπερεῖδεν κύριος ἐμὲ
The poignant denial: YHWH 'overlooked / disregarded' Moses (ὑπερεῖδεν) and 'did not listen' (οὐκ εἰσήκουσεν), explicitly ἕνεκεν ὑμῶν ('for your sake') — Moses bears the consequence of the people's rebellion at Meribah (Num 20:12; Deut 1:37). The curt divine ἱκανούσθω σοι ('let it suffice you') and the prohibition against raising the matter again seal the refusal with finality.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶbut / andnarrative conjunction (adversative in effect)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adversative in force — the plea meets refusal.
ὑπερεῖδενdisregarded / overlookedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπεροράωmain verb (YHWH's refusal of the plea)→ constative aorist (the act of passing over)ὑπεροράω: 'overlook / disregard / take no notice of'; the compound ὑπερ- ('over') yields 'look past'; renders עָבַר (Hithpael, 'be furious/cross with') — the LXX softens the Hebrew 'the LORD was angry with me' into 'the LORD overlooked/passed me by', presenting the denial as a deliberate non-regard for the people's sake.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ὑπερεῖδεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the one who refuses Moses' petition.
ἐμὲmeAccusativedirect object of ὑπερεῖδεν (emphatic form)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic accusative ἐμέ ('me') foregrounds Moses as the one passed over — the personal pathos of the denial.
ἕνεκενfor the sake of / because ofimproper preposition + genitive (cause: 'on your account')→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: 'on account of / for the sake of'; ἕνεκεν ὑμῶν ('for your sake / because of you') ties Moses' exclusion to the people's failure (Meribah, Num 20; cf. Deut 1:37; 4:21), making him bear the consequence of their rebellion.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of ἕνεκεν (the people)→ relational specificationὑμεῖς: 'you'; the people, on whose account Moses is denied entry.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with εἰσήκουσεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήκουσένlistened / hearkenedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσακούωmain verb (the refusal to grant the request)→ constative aorist (the act of not heeding)εἰσακούω: 'listen to / heed / grant a request'; renders שָׁמַע; 'did not listen to me' means YHWH did not grant the petition — the formal denial of Moses' prayer; takes the genitive μου (the person heeded).
μουme / to meGenitivegenitive object of εἰσήκουσεν (the one not heeded)→ relational specificationἐγώ: εἰσακούω takes its object in the genitive; 'did not hear me' = did not grant Moses' plea.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing the curt refusal)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: 'say'; introduces the LORD's terse final word that closes the matter.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of εἶπεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the speaker of the curt prohibition.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Moses)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Moses).
ἱκανούσθωlet it sufficePres Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἱκανόωmain verb of the divine reply (impersonal imperative)→ durative present imperative (a standing 'enough')ἱκανόω: 'make sufficient / be enough'; the passive impersonal ἱκανούσθω σοι ('let it be enough for you') renders רַב־לָךְ ('enough for you!'), the curt dismissal closing the subject; the same idiom rebuffs further appeal (cf. Deut 1:6 of Horeb).
σοιfor youDativedative of reference (with ἱκανούσθω: 'let it suffice for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ: the dative σοι ('for/to you') completes the idiom — 'let it be enough for you', i.e. do not press the matter.
μὴnotnegative particle (with prohibitive subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: negative of the prohibition; with προσθῇς forbids any renewal of the plea.
προσθῇςyou should add / continueAor Act Subj 2 Sg · προστίθημιprohibitive subjunctive (μή + aor. subj.)→ ingressive aorist prohibition (do not go on)προστίθημι: 'add / add to / continue'; the idiom μὴ προσθῇς … λαλῆσαι ('do not add to speak' = 'speak no more') is a Hebraism (אַל־תּוֹסֶף דַּבֵּר), the auxiliary 'add' expressing 'do (X) again / further'; the LORD forbids Moses to raise the request a second time.
ἔτιstill / further / againadverb (temporal: 'any more')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet / further'; with μὴ προσθῇς reinforces 'no more / never again' — the matter is permanently closed.
λαλῆσαιto speakAor Act Inf · λαλέωcomplementary infinitive (with προσθῇς: 'add to speak' = 'speak again')→ constative aorist infinitive (the forbidden speaking)λαλέω: 'speak'; the infinitive completes the Hebraistic 'do not continue to speak'; Moses is forbidden to plead this petition again.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λόγον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονword / matterAccusativedirect object of λαλῆσαι (the subject of the plea)→ object specificationλόγος: 'word / matter / affair'; renders דָּבָר ('word / matter'); 'this matter' = the request to cross the Jordan, which Moses must never raise again.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying λόγον)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; specifies the closed subject — the petition to enter the land.
27

ἀνάβηθι ἐπὶ κορυφὴν Λελαξευμένου καὶ ἀναβλέψας τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς κατὰ θάλασσαν καὶ βορρᾶν καὶ λίβα καὶ ἀνατολὰς καὶ ἰδὲ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ὅτι οὐ διαβήσῃ τὸν Ιορδάνην τοῦτον

Go up to the top of Pisgah, and lifting up your eyes toward the sea and north and south and east, look with your eyes; for you shall not cross this Jordan.

The consolation-command (see, but do not cross)ἀνάβηθι ἐπὶ κορυφὴν Λελαξευμένου
In place of crossing, Moses is granted a panoramic vision: 'go up' (ἀνάβηθι) Pisgah and 'look' (ἰδέ) in all four directions. The four-fold survey (sea/west, north, south, east) lets Moses survey the whole land he may not enter, fulfilled at Deut 34:1–4. The closing ὅτι οὐ διαβήσῃ ('for you shall not cross') restates the denial with finality, the seeing standing as bittersweet compensation for the forbidden crossing.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἀνάβηθιgo upAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain imperative (command to ascend Pisgah)→ ingressive aorist imperative (make the ascent)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; renders עֲלֵה; the command to climb Pisgah for the panoramic view, the consolation granted in lieu of entry (cf. Deut 34:1).
ἐπὶto / uponpreposition + accusative (goal of ascent)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of ascent).
κορυφὴνtop / summitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the summit to be climbed)→ object specificationκορυφή: 'top / summit / peak'; renders רֹאשׁ ('head / top'); 'the top of Pisgah', the vantage-point for surveying the land.
Λελαξευμένουof the Hewn (Pisgah)Perf Pass Part Gen Masc Sg · λαξεύωsubstantivized participle as place-name (genitive: 'of the Hewn One')→ resultative perfect participle (the quarried/hewn state)λαξεύω: 'hew / quarry / cut stone'; the perfect passive participle τοῦ λελαξευμένου ('of the Hewn/Quarried One') is the LXX's interpretive rendering of הַפִּסְגָּה (Pisgah), construing the name from a root sense of 'cleft / cut'; thus 'the top of Pisgah' becomes 'the summit of the Hewn (place)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβλέψαςhaving lifted up (your eyes)Aor Act Part Nom Masc Sg · ἀναβλέπωcircumstantial participle (attendant to ἰδέ: 'lifting your eyes')→ antecedent aorist participle (raise the eyes, then look)ἀναβλέπω: 'look up / lift up the eyes'; the participle ἀναβλέψας τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ('lifting up your eyes') renders שָׂא … עֵינֶיךָ, the gesture of gazing out over a wide vista.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὀφθαλμοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative of instrument (with ἀναβλέψας: 'with the eyes')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; the instrumental dative; Moses surveys the land 'with his eyes', the verb of seeing repeated for emphasis.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction of gaze)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'toward / in the direction of'; introduces the four-fold compass survey.
θάλασσανsea (west)Accusativeaccusative object of κατά (first direction: west)→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; here, by the Hebrew idiom יָם ('sea / west'), the western direction toward the Mediterranean; the first of the four quarters.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βορρᾶνnorthAccusativeaccusative (second direction: north)→ object specificationβορρᾶς: 'north / north wind'; renders צָפוֹן; the second quarter of the survey.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίβαsouth / southwestAccusativeaccusative (third direction: south)→ object specificationλίψ (acc. λίβα): 'southwest wind / south'; renders תֵּימָן / נֶגֶב; the third quarter, the southern direction.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνατολὰςeastAccusativeaccusative (fourth direction: east)→ object specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'east / sunrise'; renders מִזְרָח; the fourth and final quarter, completing the panoramic survey of the whole land.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὲlook / seeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ὁράωmain imperative (the act of seeing)→ ingressive aorist imperative (take in the sight)ὁράω (aor. impv. ἰδέ, from εἶδον): 'see / look'; the imperative ἰδέ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ('look with your eyes') grants Moses the sight of the land — the consolation for the denied crossing (fulfilled Deut 34:1–4).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὀφθαλμοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative of instrument ('with your eyes')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; the repeated 'with your eyes' underscores that seeing, not entering, is what Moses is granted.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιforcausal conjunction (grounding the look-but-not-cross)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'for / because'; gives the reason the seeing must substitute for entering — Moses will not cross the Jordan.
οὐnotnegative particle (with διαβήσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαβήσῃyou shall crossFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · διαβαίνωmain verb of the causal clause (the final denial)→ predictive future (the settled prohibition)διαβαίνω: 'cross over'; renders עָבַר; the flat οὐ διαβήσῃ ('you shall not cross') is the definitive sentence of the episode — Moses' exclusion from the land, in contrast to Joshua who 'crosses over' (vv. 21, 28).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιορδάνην)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηνJordanAccusativedirect object of διαβήσῃ→ object specificationΙορδάνης: the Jordan river; declinable (acc. Ιορδάνην); 'this Jordan' — the very boundary in view, which Moses may see across but not pass.
τοῦτονthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying Ιορδάνην)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; deictic 'this Jordan', the river immediately before them, sharpening the finality of the exclusion.
28

καὶ ἔντειλαι Ἰησοῖ καὶ κατίσχυσον αὐτὸν καὶ παρακάλεσον αὐτόν ὅτι οὗτος διαβήσεται πρὸ προσώπου τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου καὶ αὐτὸς κατακληρονομήσει αὐτοῖς τὴν γῆν ἣν ἑώρακας

And charge Joshua, and strengthen him, and encourage him; for he shall cross over before this people, and he shall give them as an inheritance the land which you have seen.

The succession-command (commission of Joshua)καὶ ἔντειλαι Ἰησοῖ
In place of his own entry, Moses is commanded to invest his successor: the triple imperative ἔντειλαι … κατίσχυσον … παρακάλεσον ('charge … strengthen … encourage') formally transfers the leadership to Joshua. The ground (ὅτι) is that Joshua, not Moses, will 'cross over before this people' (διαβήσεται) and 'give them as an inheritance' (κατακληρονομήσει) the very land Moses has only seen (ἣν ἑώρακας) — the succession sealed against the backdrop of the denial.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔντειλαιcharge / commandAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain imperative (first of three succession-commands)→ ingressive aorist imperative (formally commission)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / commission'; renders צַוֵּה; the first of the triple charge, formally appointing Joshua to the leadership Moses must relinquish (cf. Num 27:18–23; Deut 31:7–8).
ἸησοῖJoshuaDativedative indirect object of ἔντειλαι→ sphere or referenceἸησοῦς: the Greek form of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Joshua); declinable (dat. Ἰησοῖ); Moses' divinely chosen successor, here formally commissioned.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυσονstrengthenAor Act Impv 2 Sg · κατισχύωmain imperative (second succession-command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (make strong)κατισχύω: 'strengthen / make strong / give power'; the intensive κατα- compound; renders חַזֵּק ('strengthen'); part of the standard 'be strong and courageous' commissioning formula applied to Joshua (cf. Deut 31:7, 23; Josh 1:6–9).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of κατίσχυσον (Joshua)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of κατίσχυσον (Joshua).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακάλεσονencourage / comfortAor Act Impv 2 Sg · παρακαλέωmain imperative (third succession-command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (hearten)παρακαλέω: 'encourage / exhort / comfort / hearten'; renders אַמֵּץ ('make bold/courageous'); the third element of the triple charge — Moses is to embolden Joshua for the conquest he himself will not lead.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object of παρακάλεσον (Joshua)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of παρακάλεσον (Joshua).
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the commission)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; gives the reason for investing Joshua — he, not Moses, will lead the crossing and the inheritance.
οὗτοςhe / this oneNominativeemphatic subject of διαβήσεται (Joshua)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this one / he'; emphatic — 'it is he (Joshua), [not you]' who will cross over; the pronoun underscores the succession against Moses' exclusion.
διαβήσεταιshall cross overFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διαβαίνωmain verb of the causal clause (Joshua's crossing)→ predictive future (Joshua's assured leadership)διαβαίνω: 'cross over'; the same verb denied to Moses (οὐ διαβήσῃ, v. 27) is now affirmed of Joshua (διαβήσεται) — the pointed contrast that defines the succession.
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (position: 'at the head of')→ spatial or relational framingπρό: 'before / in front of'; πρὸ προσώπου ('before the face of') is the Hebraism לִפְנֵי, 'at the head of / leading' the people.
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive object of πρό (idiom: 'before the face of')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; in πρὸ προσώπου τοῦ λαοῦ, 'ahead of / leading the people' — Joshua at the head of the conquest, the role once Moses'.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λαοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive (with πρὸ προσώπου: 'before the people')→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; Israel, whom Joshua will lead across the Jordan into the land.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying λαοῦ)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; 'this people' — the present generation poised to enter Canaan under Joshua.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (emphatic subject of κατακληρονομήσει)→ participant referenceαὐτός: intensive 'he himself'; stresses that Joshua personally will effect the inheritance — the leadership decisively transferred from Moses.
κατακληρονομήσειshall give as an inheritanceFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κατακληρονομέωmain verb (Joshua's distribution of the land)→ predictive future (the assured allotment of Canaan)κατακληρονομέω: here causative/transitive 'cause to inherit / apportion as inheritance' (with dative αὐτοῖς + accusative τὴν γῆν); renders יַנְחִיל (Hiphil, 'cause to inherit'); Joshua will settle Israel in the land — the very task and gift denied to Moses.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object of κατακληρονομήσει (the people)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'to them'; the people, to whom Joshua will apportion the inherited land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατακληρονομήσει→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; Canaan, the inheritance Joshua will distribute — 'the land which you have seen', the poignant link back to Moses' Pisgah vision.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἑώρακας)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; 'which you have seen' — the land Moses viewed from Pisgah but will not enter.
ἑώρακαςyou have seenPerf Act Indic 2 Sg · ὁράωverb of relative clause (Moses' Pisgah vision)→ perfect (the abiding fact of having seen)ὁράω (perf.): 'see'; the perfect ἑώρακας ('you have seen [and the sight remains yours]') closes the episode on its central irony — Moses' seeing of the land is all he is granted, while Joshua inherits and distributes it; the verb of seeing (ὄψομαι v. 25, ἰδέ v. 27, ἑώρακας here) threads the whole denial-narrative.
29

καὶ ἐνεκαθήμεθα ἐν νάπῃ σύνεγγυς οἴκου Φογωρ

And we remained in the valley near the house of Peor.

Narrative closure (the encampment notice)καὶ ἐνεκαθήμεθα ἐν νάπῃ
A spare geographical closing notice returning from the prayer-episode to the march-narrative: Israel remained encamped in the valley opposite Beth-Peor. The location quietly foreshadows the apostasy of Baal-Peor (Num 25) and, by its proximity, the site of Moses' own death and burial 'in the valley … opposite Beth-Peor' (Deut 34:6), giving the verse a somber resonance after the denial of vv. 23–28.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεκαθήμεθαwe remained / encampedImpf Mid Indic 1 Pl · ἐγκάθημαιmain verb (the encampment notice)→ durative imperfect (ongoing/settled staying)ἐγκάθημαι: 'sit / settle / remain encamped'; the imperfect ἐνεκαθήμεθα denotes a sustained staying-put; renders יָשַׁב ('dwell / remain'); the first-person plural returns to the march-narrative, locating Israel's camp at the close of the retrospect.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
νάπῃvalley / glenDativedative of place (where Israel encamped)→ sphere or referenceνάπη: 'wooded valley / glen / dell'; renders גַּיְא ('valley / ravine'); the valley opposite Beth-Peor, the same locale where Moses would be buried (Deut 34:6).
σύνεγγυςnear / close byimproper preposition / adverb + genitive (proximity)→ spatial or relational framingσύνεγγυς: 'very near / close by'; with the genitive οἴκου Φογωρ ('near the house of Peor'); renders מוּל ('opposite / in front of'); locates the camp just by Beth-Peor.
οἴκουhouseGenitivegenitive object of σύνεγγυς (in the place-name 'house of Peor')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; renders the בֵּית ('house of') element of בֵּית פְּעוֹר (Beth-Peor); the LXX translates the first element and transliterates the second, yielding 'the house of Phogor'.
ΦογωρPeorgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name: 'house of Peor')→ participant identificationΦογωρ: transliteration of Hebrew פְּעוֹר (Peor); indeclinable; Beth-Peor (the 'house of Peor'), the cult-site of Baal-Peor (Num 25) near which Israel camped and Moses was buried — a quietly ominous close to the chapter.