Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ezekiel, Chapter 10ΙΕΖΕΚΙΗΛ Ι′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The glory-chariot casts fire on Jerusalem and begins to depart.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Ezekiel 10 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as represented in the Rahlfs-Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft); the ancient text itself is public domain, while no critical apparatus is reproduced here. It resumes and deepens the throne-chariot vision of Ezekiel 1, but now it is explicitly tied to Jerusalem's judgment: fire from among the cherubim is scattered over the city, and the glory of the Lord begins its measured withdrawal from the temple precincts. The vision's terminology overlaps with chapter 1 while also sharpening the identity of the living creatures, whom Ezekiel now explicitly recognizes as cherubim. The wheels, eyes, wings, hands, and coordinated motion all emphasize that divine mobility, perception, and agency remain unified even as judgment moves outward from the sanctuary. One small textual feature of the chapter is the special naming of the wheels as Γελγελ, an onomatopoetic or transliterated term that underscores their whirling character. Theologically, the chapter is crucial because it shows that the temple's profanation does not trap the Lord within it: the same glory that once filled the house is free to depart, and the coming destruction of Jerusalem is thus framed as the consequence of abandoned holiness rather than divine weakness.

1

καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπάνω τοῦ στερεώματος τοῦ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς τῶν χερουβιν ὡς λίθος σαπφείρου ὁμοίωμα θρόνου ἐπ' αὐτῶν

And I looked, and behold, above the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim there was upon them something like a sapphire stone, the appearance of a throne.

Throne appearance above the cherubimΚαὶ
It opens by re-establishing the heavenly throne above the cherubic platform, linking this vision to Ezekiel 1 while situating it now over the temple.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωand upwardD · ἐπάνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπάνω: meaning 'and upward'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στερεώματοςfirmamentN3M GSN · στερέωμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστερέωμα: meaning 'firmament'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθοςstoneN2 NSM · λίθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σαπφείρουsapphireN2 GSF · σάπφειροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάπφειρος: meaning 'sapphire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁμοίωμαlikenessN3M NSN · ὁμοίωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'likeness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα τὸν ἐνδεδυκότα τὴν στολήν εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν τροχῶν τῶν ὑποκάτω τῶν χερουβιν καὶ πλῆσον τὰς δράκας σου ἀνθράκων πυρὸς ἐκ μέσου τῶν χερουβιν καὶ διασκόρπισον ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἐνώπιόν μου

And he said to the man clothed in the robe, Enter into the midst of the wheels beneath the cherubim, and fill your hands with coals of fire from the midst of the cherubim, and scatter them over the city. And he entered before me.

Fire command issued against the cityΚαὶ
The command to scatter coals over the city shows that judgment proceeds from the divine presence itself rather than from merely human siege activity.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεδυκόταclothedVX · χαπασμ δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπασμ δύω + ἐν: meaning 'clothed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολήνrobeN1 ASF · στολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστολή: meaning 'robe'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἴσελθεenterVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχῶνwheelsN2 GPM · τροχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheels'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλῆσονfillVA AAD2S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίμπλημι: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δράκαςhandsfulN3K APF · δράξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδράξ: meaning 'handsful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνθράκωνcoalsN3K GPM · ἄνθραξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθραξ: meaning 'coals'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκόρπισονscatterVA AAD2S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενhe enteredVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'he entered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3

καὶ τὰ χερουβιν εἱστήκει ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ οἴκου ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαι τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ ἡ νεφέλη ἔπλησεν τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἐσωτέραν

And the cherubim were standing on the right side of the house when the man was entering, and the cloud filled the inner court.

Cherubim and cloud station themselves at the houseΚαὶ
The right side of the house and the filling cloud mark the sanctuary as the active stage on which the departure of glory is unfolding.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN NPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἱστήκειwas standingVXI YAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'was standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δεξιῶνrightA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορεύεσθαιto enterV1 PMN · πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'to enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφέληcloudN1 NSF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔπλησενfilledVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλὴνcourtN1 ASF · αὐλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσωτέρανἐσωτέρανA1A ASF · ἐσώτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐσώτερος: meaning 'ἐσωτέραν'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4

καὶ ἀπῆρεν ἡ δόξα κυρίου ἀπὸ τῶν χερουβιν εἰς τὸ αἴθριον τοῦ οἴκου καὶ ἔπλησεν τὸν οἶκον ἡ νεφέλη καὶ ἡ αὐλὴ ἐπλήσθη τοῦ φέγγους τῆς δόξης κυρίου

And the glory of the Lord rose up from the cherubim to the porch of the house, and the cloud filled the house, and the court was filled with the brightness of the glory of the Lord.

Glory rises and fills the house with brightnessΚαὶ
The glory rises from its earlier position and floods the temple area with luminous presence, making the impending departure both visible and dreadful.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆρενrose upVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + ἀπο: meaning 'rose up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴθριονporchA1B ASN · αἴθριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴθριος: meaning 'porch'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπλησενfilledVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφέληcloudN1 NSF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλὴcourtN1 NSF · αὐλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπλήσθηwas fulfilledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'was fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φέγγουςbrightnessN3E GSN · φέγγοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφέγγος: meaning 'brightness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5

καὶ φωνὴ τῶν πτερύγων τῶν χερουβιν ἠκούετο ἕως τῆς αὐλῆς τῆς ἐξωτέρας ὡς φωνὴ θεοῦ Σαδδαι λαλοῦντος

And the sound of the wings of the cherubim was heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of God Shaddai when he speaks.

The wings sound with divine majestyΚαὶ
The cherubic wings sound with a voice likened to Shaddai, so that even movement within the vision carries the resonance of divine speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτερύγωνwingsN3G GPF · πτέρυξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκούετοwas heardV1I PMI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω: meaning 'was heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtN1 GSF · αὐλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξωτέραςἐξωτέραςA1A GSF · ἐξώτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐξώτερος: meaning 'ἐξωτέρας'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣαδδαιShaddaiN GSM · Σαδδαιnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαδδαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
λαλοῦντοςspeakingV2 · παπγσμ λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ λαλέω: meaning 'speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἐντέλλεσθαι αὐτὸν τῷ ἀνδρὶ τῷ ἐνδεδυκότι τὴν στολὴν τὴν ἁγίαν λέγων λαβὲ πῦρ ἐκ μέσου τῶν τροχῶν ἐκ μέσου τῶν χερουβιν καὶ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἔστη ἐχόμενος τῶν τροχῶν

And it came to pass, when he commanded the man clothed in the holy robe, saying, Take fire from the midst of the wheels, from the midst of the cherubim, that he entered and stood beside the wheels.

The linen-clad man approaches the wheelsΚαὶ
The linen-clad figure obeys the command and takes his place beside the wheels, ready to receive the instrument of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντέλλεσθαιto commandV1 PMN · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'to command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεδυκότιἐνδεδυκότιVX · χαπδσμ δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπδσμ δύω + ἐν: meaning 'ἐνδεδυκότι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστολή: meaning 'robe'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίανholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχῶνwheelsN2 GPM · τροχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheels'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενhe enteredVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'he entered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηhe stoodVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'he stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐχόμενοςbesideV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἔχω: meaning 'beside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχῶνwheelsN2 GPM · τροχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheels'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7

καὶ ἐξέτεινεν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ εἰς μέσον τοῦ πυρὸς τοῦ ὄντος ἐν μέσῳ τῶν χερουβιν καὶ ἔλαβεν καὶ ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τοῦ ἐνδεδυκότος τὴν στολὴν τὴν ἁγίαν καὶ ἔλαβεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν

And one stretched out his hand from the midst of the cherubim into the midst of the fire that was in the midst of the cherubim, and he took and gave it into the hands of the one clothed in the holy robe; and he took it and went out.

Fire is handed over for judgmentΚαὶ
Fire passes from cherubic midst to human messenger, uniting heavenly holiness and earthly judgment in one act.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄντοςὄντοςV9 · παπγσν εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσν εἰμί: meaning 'ὄντος'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνδεδυκότοςἐνδεδυκότοςVX · χαπγσμ δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπγσμ δύω + ἐν: meaning 'ἐνδεδυκότος'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστολή: meaning 'robe'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίανholyA1A ASF · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8

καὶ εἶδον τὰ χερουβιν ὁμοίωμα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων ὑποκάτωθεν τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν

And I saw the cherubim: there was something like human hands underneath their wings.

Humanlike hands noted beneath the wingsΚαὶ
The humanlike hands beneath the wings recall the compound nature of the creatures and prepare for their deliberate handling of the fire.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN APN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοίωμαlikenessN3M NSN · ὁμοίωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'likeness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑποκάτωθενunderneathD · ὑποκάτωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑποκάτωθεν: meaning 'underneath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτερύγωνwingsN3G GPF · πτέρυξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9

καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ τροχοὶ τέσσαρες εἱστήκεισαν ἐχόμενοι τῶν χερουβιν τροχὸς εἷς ἐχόμενος χερουβ ἑνός καὶ ἡ ὄψις τῶν τροχῶν ὡς ὄψις λίθου ἄνθρακος

And I looked, and behold, four wheels were standing beside the cherubim, one wheel beside each cherub, and the appearance of the wheels was like the appearance of a carbuncle stone.

Wheels seen beside the cherubimΚαὶ
The wheels are not independent machinery but attendants inseparably linked to the cherubim, gleaming with jewel-like brilliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροχοὶwheelN2 NPM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τέσσαρεςfourA3 NPM · τέσσαρεςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
εἱστήκεισανwere standingVXI YAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'were standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐχόμενοιpmpdsph echoV1 · πμπνπμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'pmpdsph echo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροχὸςwheelN2 NSM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countεἷς: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐχόμενοςbesideV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἔχω: meaning 'beside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χερουβcherubN GSN · χερουβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβ: meaning 'cherub'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑνόςhenosA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'henos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄψιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὄψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄψις: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχῶνwheelsN2 GPM · τροχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheels'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὄψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄψις: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λίθουstoneN2 GSM · λίθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄνθρακοςcarbuncleN3K GPM · ἄνθραξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθραξ: meaning 'carbuncle'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10

καὶ ἡ ὄψις αὐτῶν ὁμοίωμα ἓν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ὃν τρόπον ὅταν ᾖ τροχὸς ἐν μέσῳ τροχοῦ

And their appearance was one likeness for all four, just as when a wheel is in the midst of a wheel.

Unified wheel structure describedΚαὶ
The nested wheel image emphasizes multidirectional readiness and perfect structural correspondence among all four.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄψιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὄψιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄψις: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁμοίωμαlikenessN3M NSN · ὁμοίωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'likeness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἓνoneA3 NSN · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countἓν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσιντέσσαρσινA3 DPN · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'τέσσαρσιν'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τρόπονwayN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
eimiV9 PAS3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τροχὸςwheelN2 NSM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τροχοῦwheelN2 GSM · τροχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11

ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτὰ εἰς τὰ τέσσαρα μέρη αὐτῶν ἐπορεύοντο οὐκ ἐπέστρεφον ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτά ὅτι εἰς ὃν ἂν τόπον ἐπέβλεψεν ἡ ἀρχὴ ἡ μία ἐπορεύοντο καὶ οὐκ ἐπέστρεφον ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτά

When they went, they went toward their four sides; they did not turn as they went, because to whatever place the one leading looked, they went, and they did not turn as they went.

Coordinated motion without turningἘν
The creatures and wheels move straight toward the direction of the leading gaze, displaying purposeful and unconfused divine motion.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαραfourA3 APN · τέσσαρεςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countτέσσαρα: meaning 'four'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
μέρηflanksN3E APN · μέροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέρος: meaning 'flanks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπορεύοντοthey wentV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'they went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεφονturnedV1I IAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπέβλεψενlookedVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'looked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὴleading oneN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'leading one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐπορεύοντοthey wentV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'they went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεφονturnedV1I IAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12

καὶ οἱ νῶτοι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ χεῖρες αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ πτέρυγες αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ τροχοὶ πλήρεις ὀφθαλμῶν κυκλόθεν τοῖς τέσσαρσιν τροχοῖς αὐτῶν

And their backs and their hands and their wings and the wheels were full of eyes all around, the wheels belonging to the four of them.

Bodies and wheels covered with eyesΚαὶ
Eyes covering backs, hands, wings, and wheels express exhaustive perception; nothing in the sphere of judgment escapes notice.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νῶτοιbacksN2 NPM · νῶτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνῶτος: meaning 'backs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsN3 NPF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυγεςwingN3G NPF · πτέρυξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτέρυξ: meaning 'wing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχοὶwheelN2 NPM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλήρειςfullA3H NPM · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPM · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τροχοῖςwheelsN2 DPM · τροχόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτροχός: meaning 'wheels'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13

τοῖς δὲ τροχοῖς τούτοις ἐπεκλήθη Γελγελ ἀκούοντός μου

And these wheels were called Gelgel, as I heard.

The wheels receive a special nameΤοῖς
The special name Gelgel highlights the whirling wheel-complex and marks this part of the vision as memorable in its own right.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τροχοῖςwheelsN2 DPM · τροχόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτροχός: meaning 'wheels'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεκλήθηwas calledVCI API3S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'was called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΓελγελGelgelN NS · Γελγελnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓελγελ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀκούοντόςwhile hearingV1 · παπγσμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἀκούω: meaning 'while hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15

καὶ ἦραν τὰ χερουβιν τοῦτο τὸ ζῷον ὃ εἶδον ἐπὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Χοβαρ

And the cherubim were lifted up; this was the living creature that I saw by the river Chebar.

The living creatures are lifted upΚαὶ
The narrator pauses to identify the lifted creatures with the living beings already known from the earlier river vision.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦρανwere lifted upVAI AAI3P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω: meaning 'were lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN NPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῷονliving creatureN2N NSN · ζῷονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῷον: meaning 'living creature'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
whichRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧοβαρChebarN GS · Χοβαρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΧοβαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
16

καὶ ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι τὰ χερουβιν ἐπορεύοντο οἱ τροχοί καὶ οὗτοι ἐχόμενοι αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν τὰ χερουβιν τὰς πτέρυγας αὐτῶν τοῦ μετεωρίζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς οὐκ ἐπέστρεφον οἱ τροχοὶ αὐτῶν

And when the cherubim went, the wheels went beside them; and when the cherubim lifted up their wings to rise from the earth, their wheels did not turn away from them.

Wheels move inseparably with the cherubimΚαὶ
Cherubim and wheels remain perfectly coordinated, showing that the throne-chariot is one living system.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορεύεσθαιto goV1 PMN · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπορεύομαι: meaning 'to go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN APN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύοντοthey wentV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'they went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχοίτροχοίN2 NPM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'τροχοί'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐχόμενοιpmpdsph echoV1 · πμπνπμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'pmpdsph echo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαίρεινto lift upV1 PAN · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'to lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN APN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυγαςwingsN3G APF · πτέρυξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετεωρίζεσθαιto rise aloftV1 PMN · μετεωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμετεωρίζω: meaning 'to rise aloft'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεφονturnedV1I IAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχοὶwheelN2 NPM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17

ἐν τῷ ἑστάναι αὐτὰ εἱστήκεισαν καὶ ἐν τῷ μετεωρίζεσθαι αὐτὰ ἐμετεωρίζοντο μετ' αὐτῶν διότι πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐν αὐτοῖς ἦν

When they stood, the wheels stood, and when they were lifted up, the wheels were lifted up with them, because the spirit of life was in them.

Shared life-spirit governs all motionἘν
Their standing and rising are governed by the same spirit of life, underscoring shared animation rather than mechanical motion.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑστάναιto standVXI XAN · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι: meaning 'to stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἱστήκεισανwere standingVXI YAI3P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'were standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετεωρίζεσθαιto rise aloftV1 PMN · μετεωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμετεωρίζω: meaning 'to rise aloft'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμετεωρίζοντοwere lifted upV1I IMI3P · μετεωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμετεωρίζω: meaning 'were lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν δόξα κυρίου ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου καὶ ἐπέβη ἐπὶ τὰ χερουβιν

And the glory of the Lord went out from the house and mounted upon the cherubim.

The glory departs from the houseΚαὶ
This is the pivotal theological movement of the chapter: the glory leaves the house itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέβηmountedVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'mounted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN APN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
19

καὶ ἀνέλαβον τὰ χερουβιν τὰς πτέρυγας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμετεωρίσθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὰ καὶ οἱ τροχοὶ ἐχόμενοι αὐτῶν καὶ ἔστησαν ἐπὶ τὰ πρόθυρα τῆς πύλης οἴκου κυρίου τῆς ἀπέναντι καὶ δόξα θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἦν ἐπ' αὐτῶν ὑπεράνω

And the cherubim lifted up their wings and rose from the earth before me as they went out, with the wheels beside them; and they stood at the entrance of the gate of the house of the Lord that faces east, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them.

The cherubim bear the glory to the eastern gateΚαὶ
The eastern gate becomes the staging place of departure as the cherubim bear the divine glory outward from the profaned sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέλαβονlifted upVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN NPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυγαςwingsN3G APF · πτέρυξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμετεωρίσθησανἐμετεωρίσθησανVSI API3P · μετεωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμετεωρίζω: meaning 'ἐμετεωρίσθησαν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξελθεῖνto go outVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'to go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχοὶwheelN2 NPM · τροχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐχόμενοιpmpdsph echoV1 · πμπνπμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'pmpdsph echo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόθυραentranceN2N APN · πρόθυρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόθυρον: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςπυληN1 GSF · πύληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'πυλη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπέναντιfacingD · ἀπέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'facing'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπεράνωaboveD · ὑπεράνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑπεράνω: meaning 'above'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
20

τοῦτο τὸ ζῷόν ἐστιν ὃ εἶδον ὑποκάτω θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Χοβαρ καὶ ἔγνων ὅτι χερουβιν ἐστίν

This is the living creature that I saw beneath the God of Israel by the river Chebar, and I knew that they were cherubim.

The creatures are identified with the Chebar visionΤοῦτο
Ezekiel explicitly recognizes continuity with the Chebar vision, removing any ambiguity about the identity of these creatures.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῷόνζῷόνN2N NSN · ζῷονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῷον: meaning 'ζῷόν'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
whichRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧοβαρChebarN GS · Χοβαρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΧοβαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωνI knewVZI AAI1S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'I knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χερουβινcherubimN NPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστίνareV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21

τέσσαρα πρόσωπα τῷ ἑνί καὶ ὀκτὼ πτέρυγες τῷ ἑνί καὶ ὁμοίωμα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπου ὑποκάτωθεν τῶν πτερύγων αὐτῶν

Each one had four faces, and each one had eight wings, and the likeness of human hands was underneath their wings.

Faces, wings, and hands summarizedΤέσσαρα
The summary restates the composite form of the cherubim, preserving the visionary detail as the glory departs.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τέσσαραfour thingsA3 NPN · τέσσαρεςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countτέσσαρα: meaning 'four things'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πρόσωπαface / presenceN2N NPN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίheniA3 DSN · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἷς: meaning 'heni'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτὼ: meaning 'eight'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πτέρυγεςwingN3G NPF · πτέρυξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτέρυξ: meaning 'wing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίheniA3 DSN · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἷς: meaning 'heni'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοίωμαlikenessN3M NSN · ὁμοίωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'likeness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑποκάτωθενunderneathD · ὑποκάτωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑποκάτωθεν: meaning 'underneath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτερύγωνwingsN3G GPF · πτέρυξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτέρυξ: meaning 'wings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22

καὶ ὁμοίωσις τῶν προσώπων αὐτῶν ταῦτα τὰ πρόσωπά ἐστιν ἃ εἶδον ὑποκάτω τῆς δόξης θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Χοβαρ καὶ αὐτὰ ἕκαστον κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν ἐπορεύοντο

And the likeness of their faces was the same faces that I had seen beneath the glory of the God of Israel by the river Chebar, and each one went straight ahead before his face.

Recognition completed through comparison with the first visionΚαὶ
It ends with recognition and directional certainty: these are the same bearers of glory, and they move straight ahead under divine purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοίωσιςresemblanceN3I NSF · ὁμοίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωσις: meaning 'resemblance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπωνfacesN2N GPN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπάπρόσωπάN2N NPN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'πρόσωπά'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
whichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧοβαρChebarN GS · Χοβαρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΧοβαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD NPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕκαστονἕκαστονA1 NSN · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'ἕκαστον'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπορεύοντοthey wentV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'they went'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.