Ezekiel 14 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

καὶ ἦλθον πρός με ἄνδρες ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐκάθισαν πρὸ προσώπου μου

And men from the elders of Israel came to me and sat down before me.

Narrative settingΚαὶ

Elders of Israel come and sit before Ezekiel, setting the scene for an inquiry that the Lord will expose as compromised from the start.

Word-by-word analysis· 15 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πρεσβυτέρωνeldersA1A GPMC · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ἐκάθισανsettle / dwellVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'settle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων

And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

Prophetic superscriptionΚαὶ

A standard word-of-the-Lord formula marks the transition from the elders' arrival to the divine interpretation of their visit.

Word-by-word analysis· 7 words

ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου οἱ ἄνδρες οὗτοι ἔθεντο τὰ διανοήματα αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν κόλασιν τῶν ἀδικιῶν αὐτῶν ἔθηκαν πρὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν εἰ ἀποκρινόμενος ἀποκριθῶ αὐτοῖς

Son of man, these men have set their thoughts upon their hearts, and they have set the punishment of their injustices before their face; shall I indeed answer them when they inquire?

Accusationasyndeton

The Lord identifies the visitors' inner idolatry: what rules the heart already stands before them like a stumbling punishment.

Word-by-word analysis· 27 words

υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.

ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἔθεντοmadeVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διανοήματαthoughtsN3M APN · διανόημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιανόημα: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κόλασινpunishmentN3I ASF · κόλασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόλασις: meaning 'punishment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀδικιῶνwickednessN1A GPF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἔθηκανputVAI AAI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἀποκρινόμενοςansweringV1 · πππνσμ κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνσμ κρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀποκριθῶanswer / replyVC APS1S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

διὰ τοῦτο λάλησον αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς τάδε λέγει κύριος ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου Ισραηλ ὃς ἂν θῇ τὰ διανοήματα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν κόλασιν τῆς ἀδικίας αὐτοῦ τάξῃ πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλθῃ πρὸς τὸν προφήτην ἐγὼ κύριος ἀποκριθήσομαι αὐτῷ ἐν οἷς ἐνέχεται ἡ διάνοια αὐτοῦ

Therefore speak to them and say to them, Thus says the Lord: Every man of the house of Israel who sets his thoughts upon his heart and places the punishment of his injustice before his face and then comes to the prophet, I the Lord will answer him according to the things in which his mind is entangled,

Judicial instructionΔιὰ τοῦτο

Ezekiel must answer the case in legal-prophetic form: anyone who approaches while cherishing inward offense will be answered by the Lord himself.

Word-by-word analysis· 52 words

διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λάλησονspeakVA AAD2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

θῇputVE AAS3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τάξῃappointVA AAS3S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτάσσω: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἔλθῃcameVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προφήτηνprophetN1M ASM · προφήτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἀποκριθήσομαιanswer / replyVC FPI1S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνέχεταιis held fastV1 PMI3S · ἔχω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω + ἐν: meaning 'is held fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διάνοιαmindN1A NSF · διάνοιαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάνοια: meaning 'mind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὅπως πλαγιάσῃ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ισραηλ κατὰ τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν τὰς ἀπηλλοτριωμένας ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἐνθυμήμασιν αὐτῶν

so that I may seize the house of Israel by their hearts, because they have become estranged from me in their thoughts.

Purpose clauseὍπως

The divine response aims to seize Israel at the level of the heart, where alienation from the Lord has already taken root.

Word-by-word analysis· 18 words

ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πλαγιάσῃseizeVA AAS3S · πλαγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλαγιάζω: meaning 'seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀπηλλοτριωμέναςestrangedVM · χμπαπφ ἀλλοτριόω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπφ ἀλλοτριόω + ἀπο: meaning 'estranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνθυμήμασινthoughtsN3M DPN · ἐνθύμημαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνθύμημα: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὸν πρὸς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ισραηλ τάδε λέγει κύριος κύριος ἐπιστράφητε καὶ ἀποστρέψατε ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ὑμῶν καὶ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἀσεβειῶν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπιστρέψατε τὰ πρόσωπα ὑμῶν

Therefore say to the house of Israel, Thus says the Lord God: Turn back, and turn away from your practices and from all your impieties, and turn your faces back.

Call to repentanceΔιὰ τοῦτο

The accusation turns into direct exhortation: Israel must reverse its course, abandoning both practiced wickedness and the face turned toward it.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

εἰπὸνsayVB AAD2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐπιστράφητεturn backVZ APD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀποστρέψατεturn back / returnVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐπιτηδευμάτωνepitedeymatonN3M GPN · ἐπιτήδευμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'epitedeymaton'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀσεβειῶνimpietiesN1A GPF · ἀσέβειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσέβεια: meaning 'impieties'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἐπιστρέψατεturned backVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πρόσωπαfacesN2N APN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

διότι ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου Ισραηλ καὶ ἐκ τῶν προσηλύτων τῶν προσηλυτευόντων ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ ὃς ἂν ἀπαλλοτριωθῇ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ καὶ θῆται τὰ ἐνθυμήματα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν κόλασιν τῆς ἀδικίας αὐτοῦ τάξῃ πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλθῃ πρὸς τὸν προφήτην τοῦ ἐπερωτῆσαι αὐτὸν ἐν ἐμοί ἐγὼ κύριος ἀποκριθήσομαι αὐτῷ ἐν ᾧ ἐνέχεται ἐν αὐτῷ

Because any man of the house of Israel, or of the resident aliens who dwell in Israel, who becomes estranged from me and sets his thoughts upon his heart and places the punishment of his injustice before his face, and then comes to the prophet to inquire of him concerning me, I the Lord will answer him in the matter by which he is held fast.

Expanded case lawΔιότι

The rule is broadened to include both native Israelite and resident alien: anyone who approaches falsely while estranged from the Lord falls under the same answer.

Word-by-word analysis· 59 words

διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προσηλύτωνresident aliensN2 GPM · προσήλυτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροσήλυτος: meaning 'resident aliens'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προσηλυτευόντωνdwelling as aliensV1 · παπγπμ προσηλυτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ προσηλυτεύω: meaning 'dwelling as aliens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ἀπαλλοτριωθῇbecomes estrangedVC APS3S · ἀλλοτριόω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀλλοτριόω + ἀπο: meaning 'becomes estranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

θῆταιsetsVE AMS3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι: meaning 'sets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνθυμήματαthoughtsN3M APN · ἐνθύμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνθύμημα: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐπερωτῆσαιto inquireVA AAN · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

καὶ στηριῶ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκεῖνον καὶ θήσομαι αὐτὸν εἰς ἔρημον καὶ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ ἐξαρῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ μέσου τοῦ λαοῦ μου καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος

And I will set my face against that man and make him a desolation and a ruin, and I will remove him from the midst of my people, and you shall know that I am the Lord.

Sentence announcementΚαὶ

The Lord himself opposes the hypocritical inquirer, cutting him off as a public sign of judgment.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

στηριῶI will set firmlyVF2 FAI1S · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστηρίζω: meaning 'I will set firmly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐκεῖνονthat / thoseRD ASM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖνον: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

θήσομαιplace / appointVF FMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἐπιγνώσεσθεunderstand fullyVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'understand fully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

καὶ ὁ προφήτης ἐὰν πλανηθῇ καὶ λαλήσῃ ἐγὼ κύριος πεπλάνηκα τὸν προφήτην ἐκεῖνον καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτὸν καὶ ἀφανιῶ αὐτὸν ἐκ μέσου τοῦ λαοῦ μου Ισραηλ

And if the prophet is led astray and speaks, I the Lord have led that prophet astray, and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from the midst of my people Israel.

Judgment on false mediationΚαὶ

The prophet who speaks under delusion is not exempt; deceptive mediation is itself judged under the Lord's hand.

Word-by-word analysis· 29 words

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πλανηθῇgo astrayVC APS3S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλανάω: meaning 'go astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

λαλήσῃspeaksVA AAS3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαλέω: meaning 'speaks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πεπλάνηκαI have led astrayVX XAI1S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπλανάω: meaning 'I have led astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκτενῶτείνω + ἐκVF2 FAI1S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'τείνω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἀφανιῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καὶ λήμψονται τὴν ἀδικίαν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὸ ἀδίκημα τοῦ ἐπερωτῶντος καὶ κατὰ τὸ ἀδίκημα ὁμοίως τῷ προφήτῃ ἔσται

And they shall bear their injustice; according to the wrongdoing of the one who inquires, so also shall be the wrongdoing of the prophet,

Penalty principleΚαὶ

Inquirer and prophet share liability: the guilt of the consultation matches the guilt of the answer.

Word-by-word analysis· 18 words

λήμψονταιwill take upVF FMI3P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'will take up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀδίκημαwrongdoingN3M ASN · ἀδίκημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδίκημα: meaning 'wrongdoing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐπερωτῶντοςof the one who inquiresV3 · παπγσμ ἐρωτάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'of the one who inquires'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁμοίωςlikewiseD · ὁμοίωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοίως: meaning 'likewise'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προφήτῃprophetN1M DSM · προφήτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὅπως μὴ πλανᾶται ἔτι ὁ οἶκος τοῦ Ισραηλ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ καὶ ἵνα μὴ μιαίνωνται ἔτι ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν αὐτῶν καὶ ἔσονταί μοι εἰς λαόν καὶ ἐγὼ ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς εἰς θεόν λέγει κύριος

so that the house of Israel may no longer go astray from me, and that they may no longer be defiled in all their trespasses. And they shall be my people, and I will be their God, says the Lord.

Covenant purposeὍπως

The aim of judgment is restorative in the long view: Israel is to cease straying and defilement so that covenant belonging may be renewed.

Word-by-word analysis· 33 words

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πλανᾶταιgoes astrayV3 PMS3S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπλανάω: meaning 'goes astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μιαίνωνταιare defiledV1 PMS3P · μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμιαίνω: meaning 'are defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

παραπτώμασινtrespassesN3M DPN · παράπτωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράπτωμα: meaning 'trespasses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἔσονταίwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἔσομαιbeVF FMI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων

And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

Prophetic superscriptionΚαὶ

A second oracle opens, shifting from personal inquiry and prophetic corruption to national judgment by exemplary scenarios.

Word-by-word analysis· 7 words

υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου γῆ ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ μοι τοῦ παραπεσεῖν παράπτωμα καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτὴν καὶ συντρίψω αὐτῆς στήριγμα ἄρτου καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ ἐπ' αὐτὴν λιμὸν καὶ ἐξαρῶ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἄνθρωπον καὶ κτήνη

Son of man, if a land sins against me by committing a grievous trespass, and I stretch out my hand against it and break its support of bread and send famine upon it and cut off from it man and beast,

Hypothetical judgment caseasyndeton

The first scenario imagines a land breaking faith and receiving famine under the outstretched hand of God.

Word-by-word analysis· 33 words

υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.

γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἁμάρτῃI have sinnedVB AAS3S · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

παραπεσεῖνto commit trespassVB AAN · πίπτω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπίπτω + παρα: meaning 'to commit trespass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

παράπτωμαtrespassN3M ASN · παράπτωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαράπτωμα: meaning 'trespass'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

συντρίψωwas crushedVF FAI1S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

στήριγμαsupportN3M ASN · στήριγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστήριγμα: meaning 'support'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἄρτουbreadN2 GSM · ἄρτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

λιμὸνfamineN2 ASM · λιμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

κτήνηcattleN3E APN · κτῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶ ἐὰν ὦσιν οἱ τρεῖς ἄνδρες οὗτοι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς Νωε καὶ Δανιηλ καὶ Ιωβ αὐτοὶ ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ αὐτῶν σωθήσονται λέγει κύριος

even if these three men were in its midst, Noah and Daniel and Job, they by their righteousness shall be saved, says the Lord.

Righteous remnant limitationΚαὶ

Even the presence of Noah, Daniel, and Job would secure only their own deliverance; exemplary righteousness is not transferable.

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

ὦσινmight beV9 PAS3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί: meaning 'might be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ΝωεNoahN NSM · Νωεnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝωε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔανιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ΙωβJobN NSM · Ιωβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

σωθήσονταιwill be savedVC FPI3P · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'will be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐὰν καὶ θηρία πονηρὰ ἐπάγω ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τιμωρήσομαι αὐτὴν καὶ ἔσται εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ διοδεύων ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν θηρίων

And if I bring evil beasts upon the land and punish it, and it becomes a desolation so that no one passes through because of the beasts,

Second judgment scenarioἘὰν καὶ

The oracle moves from famine to ravaging beasts, depicting the land emptied of passage and ordinary life.

Word-by-word analysis· 24 words

θηρίαbeastsN2N APN · θηρίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθηρίον: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

πονηρὰevilA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐπάγωbring uponV1 PAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'bring upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τιμωρήσομαιI will punishVF FMI1S · τιμωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτιμωρέω: meaning 'I will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διοδεύωνpassing throughV1 · παπνσμ ὁδεύω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὁδεύω + δια: meaning 'passing through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θηρίωνbeastsN2N GPN · θηρίονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθηρίον: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἄνδρες οὗτοι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς ὦσι ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος εἰ υἱοὶ ἢ θυγατέρες σωθήσονται ἀλλ' ἢ αὐτοὶ μόνοι σωθήσονται ἡ δὲ γῆ ἔσται εἰς ὄλεθρον

even if these three men are in its midst, as I live, says the Lord, sons and daughters shall not be saved; only they themselves shall be saved, but the land shall become a desolation.

Restated limitationΚαὶ

The same principle is restated with emphasis: even these paradigmatic righteous men cannot extend rescue to sons or daughters.

Word-by-word analysis· 29 words

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ὦσιthere areV9 PAS3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ζῶI liveV3 PAI1S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζάω: meaning 'I live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μόνοιaloneA1 NPM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὄλεθρονdestructionN2 ASM · ὄλεθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄλεθρος: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἢ καὶ ῥομφαίαν ἐὰν ἐπάγω ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην καὶ εἴπω ῥομφαία διελθάτω διὰ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐξαρῶ ἐξ αὐτῆς ἄνθρωπον καὶ κτῆνος

Or if I bring a sword upon that land and say, Let a sword pass through the land, and I cut off from it man and beast,

Third judgment scenarioἪ καὶ

The sequence advances to the sword, personified as passing through the land and cutting off both human and animal life.

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκείνηνthatRD ASF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκείνην: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

εἴπωI tell / sayVB AAS1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἶπον: meaning 'I tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ῥομφαίαswordN1A NSF · ῥομφαίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

διελθάτωlet it pass throughVB AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'let it pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

κτῆνοςbeastN3E ASN · κτῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'beast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶ οἱ τρεῖς ἄνδρες οὗτοι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος οὐ μὴ ῥύσωνται υἱοὺς οὐδὲ θυγατέρας αὐτοὶ μόνοι σωθήσονται

even if these three men are in its midst, as I live, says the Lord, they shall certainly not rescue sons or daughters; only they themselves shall be saved.

Restated limitationΚαὶ

Again the triad of righteous men can save only themselves, underlining the non-transferability of covenant fidelity in judgment.

Word-by-word analysis· 21 words

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ῥύσωνταιthey rescueVA AMS3P · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyῥύομαι: meaning 'they rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἢ καὶ θάνατον ἐπαποστείλω ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην καὶ ἐκχεῶ τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἐν αἵματι τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι ἐξ αὐτῆς ἄνθρωπον καὶ κτῆνος

Or if I send death upon that land and pour out my wrath upon it in blood, to destroy from it man and beast,

Fourth judgment scenarioἪ καὶ

The final plague image is death with bloodshed, an outbreak of wrath that completes the fourfold pattern of catastrophe.

Word-by-word analysis· 24 words

ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐπαποστείλωI sendVA AAS1S · στέλλω + ἐπι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστέλλω + ἐπι + ἀπο: meaning 'I send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκχεῶpour outVF2 FAI1S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θυμόνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αἵματιbloodN3M DSN · αἷμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καὶ Νωε καὶ Δανιηλ καὶ Ιωβ ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος ἐὰν υἱοὶ ἢ θυγατέρες ὑπολειφθῶσιν αὐτοὶ ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ αὐτῶν ῥύσονται τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν

even if Noah and Daniel and Job are in its midst, as I live, says the Lord, even if sons or daughters are left, they by their righteousness shall rescue their own lives.

Climactic restatementΚαὶ

The named trio returns once more so that the point cannot be missed: righteousness preserves the righteous person, not an entire household.

Word-by-word analysis· 27 words

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὑπολειφθῶσινare leftVV APS3P · λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'are left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ῥύσονταιwill rescueVF FMI3P · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'will rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχὰςpersonN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'person'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τὰς τέσσαρας ἐκδικήσεις μου τὰς πονηράς ῥομφαίαν καὶ λιμὸν καὶ θηρία πονηρὰ καὶ θάνατον ἐξαποστείλω ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι ἐξ αὐτῆς ἄνθρωπον καὶ κτῆνος

Thus says the Lord: Even if I send my four grievous acts of vengeance against Jerusalem, sword and famine and evil beasts and death, to destroy from it man and beast,

Jerusalem applicationΤάδε

The hypothetical cases are gathered and applied directly to Jerusalem through the four grievous acts of vengeance.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τέσσαραςfourA3 APF · τέσσαρεςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐκδικήσειςacts of vengeanceN3I APF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'acts of vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πονηράςgrievousA1A APF · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐξαποστείλωI send outVA AAS1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'I send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καὶ ἰδοὺ ὑπολελειμμένοι ἐν αὐτῇ οἱ ἀνασεσῳσμένοι αὐτῆς οἳ ἐξάγουσιν ἐξ αὐτῆς υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας ἰδοὺ αὐτοὶ ἐκπορεύονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ὄψεσθε τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἐνθυμήματα αὐτῶν καὶ μεταμεληθήσεσθε ἐπὶ τὰ κακά ἃ ἐπήγαγον ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ πάντα τὰ κακὰ ἃ ἐπήγαγον ἐπ' αὐτήν

yet behold, there shall be survivors left in it, those who are brought out from it, sons and daughters. Behold, they shall come out to you, and you shall see their ways and their thoughts, and you shall be comforted concerning the evils that I brought upon Jerusalem, all the evils that I brought upon her.

Residual signΚαὶ ἰδοὺ

A surviving remnant will emerge from Jerusalem, and their visible conduct will become evidence explaining why such judgment fell.

Word-by-word analysis· 45 words

ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὑπολελειμμένοιsurvivors leftVP · χππνπμ λείπω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπμ λείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'survivors left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνασεσῳσμένοιthose brought safely outVM · χμπνπμ σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ σώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'those brought safely out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐξάγουσινbring outV1 PAI3P · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'bring out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐκπορεύονταιgo outV1 PMI3P · πορεύομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ὄψεσθεsawVF FMI2P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μεταμεληθήσεσθεyou will be comfortedVC FPI2P · μελέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελέω + μετα: meaning 'you will be comforted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐπήγαγονI broughtVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'I brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κακὰevilsA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶ παρακαλέσουσιν ὑμᾶς διότι ὄψεσθε τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἐνθυμήματα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε διότι οὐ μάτην πεποίηκα πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησα ἐν αὐτῇ λέγει κύριος

And they shall comfort you, because you shall see their ways and their thoughts, and you shall know that I have not acted in vain in all that I did in it, says the Lord.

Interpretive conclusionΚαὶ

The survivors' ways will vindicate the Lord's action, showing the exiles that Jerusalem's judgment was morally necessary, not arbitrary.

Word-by-word analysis· 25 words

παρακαλέσουσινthey will comfortVF FAI3P · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'they will comfort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μάτηνin vainD · μάτηνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμάτην: meaning 'in vain'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πεποίηκαI have doneVX XAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'I have done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐποίησαdo / makeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

The Book of Ezekiel, Chapter 14ΙΕΖΕΚΙΗΛ ΙΔ′

Theme

Translation & textual notes