1
καὶ σὺ λαβὲ θρῆνον ἐπὶ τὸν ἄρχοντα τοῦ Ισραηλ
And you, take up a lamentation over the prince of Israel,
The prophet is ordered to sing a dirge, so the chapter begins not as narrative report but as formal mourning over failed rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θρῆνονlamentN2 ASM · θρῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρῆνος: meaning 'lament'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταcommanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
καὶ ἐρεῖς τί ἡ μήτηρ σου σκύμνος ἐν μέσῳ λεόντων ἐγενήθη ἐν μέσῳ λεόντων ἐπλήθυνεν σκύμνους αὐτῆς
and you shall say, What was your mother? A lioness among lions; in the midst of lions she multiplied her cubs.
The royal house is pictured as a lioness raising cubs in a world of predators, establishing both nobility and danger.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhyRA ASN · τίςarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτί: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκύμνοςa lion's cubN2 NSM · σκύμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκύμνος: meaning 'a lion's cub'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπλήθυνενmultipliedV1I IAI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπληθύνω: meaning 'multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκύμνουςcubsN2 APM · σκύμνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκύμνος: meaning 'cubs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
καὶ ἀπεπήδησεν εἷς τῶν σκύμνων αὐτῆς λέων ἐγένετο καὶ ἔμαθεν τοῦ ἁρπάζειν ἁρπάγματα ἀνθρώπους ἔφαγεν
And one of her cubs sprang up; he became a lion, and he learned to seize prey; he devoured men.
The first ruler grows into a violent predator, and royal formation is described as training in devouring power.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεπήδησενsprang upVAI AAI3S · πηδάω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπηδάω + ἀπο: meaning 'sprang up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countεἷς: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκύμνωνcubsN2 GPM · σκύμνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκύμνος: meaning 'cubs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμαθενlearnedVBI AAI3S · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμανθάνω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁρπάζεινto seizeV1 PAN · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁρπάζω: meaning 'to seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁρπάγματαplunderN3M APN · ἅρπαγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅρπαγμα: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔφαγενateVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'ate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
καὶ ἤκουσαν κατ' αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐν τῇ διαφθορᾷ αὐτῶν συνελήμφθη καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐν κημῷ εἰς γῆν Αἰγύπτου
And the nations heard against him; in their pit he was captured, and they brought him with a hook into the land of Egypt.
Foreign powers answer his violence with capture and deportation, turning leonine power into public humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαφθορᾷdestructionN1A DSF · διαφθοράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαφθορά: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνελήμφθηhad been capturedVVI API3S · λαμβάνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'had been captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγονbringVBI AAI3P · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κημῷmuzzleN2 DSM · κημόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκημός: meaning 'muzzle'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
καὶ εἶδεν ὅτι ἀπῶσται ἀπ' αὐτῆς καὶ ἀπώλετο ἡ ὑπόστασις αὐτῆς καὶ ἔλαβεν ἄλλον ἐκ τῶν σκύμνων αὐτῆς λέοντα ἔταξεν αὐτόν
And she saw that he was driven away from her and that her expectation had perished, and she took another of her cubs and made him a lion.
The mother-house loses its first hope and raises a second ruler, showing succession without renewal.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῶσταιwas driven awayVX XAI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'was driven away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλετοperishedVBI AMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπόστασιςsubstructureN3I NSF · ὑπόστασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπόστασις: meaning 'substructure'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄλλονanotherRD ASM · ἄλλοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἄλλον: meaning 'another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκύμνωνcubsN2 GPM · σκύμνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκύμνος: meaning 'cubs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέονταlionN3 ASM · λέωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔταξενappointVAI AAI3S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
καὶ ἀνεστρέφετο ἐν μέσῳ λεόντων λέων ἐγένετο καὶ ἔμαθεν ἁρπάζειν ἁρπάγματα ἀνθρώπους ἔφαγεν
And he moved about among lions; he became a lion, and he learned to seize prey; he devoured men.
The second ruler does not break the cycle; he matures into the same predatory kind of kingship.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεστρέφετοprowledV1I IMI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'prowled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμαθενlearnedVBI AAI3S · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμανθάνω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁρπάζεινto seizeV1 PAN · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁρπάζω: meaning 'to seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁρπάγματαplunderN3M APN · ἅρπαγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅρπαγμα: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπουςpeopleN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔφαγενateVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'ate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
καὶ ἐνέμετο τῷ θράσει αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν ἐξηρήμωσεν καὶ ἠφάνισεν γῆν καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς ἀπὸ φωνῆς ὠρύματος αὐτοῦ
And he roamed in his boldness and laid waste their cities, and he ruined the land and its fullness by the sound of his roaring.
His roar is not protective majesty but destructive terror that empties cities and ravages the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέμετοrangedV1I IMI3S · νέμωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processνέμω: meaning 'ranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θράσειboldnessA3U DSM · θρασύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθρασύς: meaning 'boldness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξηρήμωσενlaid wasteVAI AAI3S · ἐρημόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρημόω + ἐκ: meaning 'laid waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠφάνισενdevastatedVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'devastated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήρωμαfullnessN3M ASN · πλήρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλήρωμα: meaning 'fullness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὠρύματοςroaringN3M GSN · ὤρυμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὤρυμα: meaning 'roaring'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
καὶ ἔδωκαν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἔθνη ἐκ χωρῶν κυκλόθεν καὶ ἐξεπέτασαν ἐπ' αὐτὸν δίκτυα αὐτῶν ἐν διαφθορᾷ αὐτῶν συνελήμφθη
And nations from the surrounding regions set themselves against him, and they spread their nets over him; in their pit he was captured.
The same international judgment closes in again, and the hunter becomes trapped prey.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χωρῶνprovinceN1A GPF · χώραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχώρα: meaning 'province'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεπέτασανspread outVA AAI3P · ἐτάζω + ἐκ + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐτάζω + ἐκ + ἐπι: meaning 'spread out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκτυαnetworkN2N APN · δίκτυονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκτυον: meaning 'network'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαφθορᾷdestructionN1A DSF · διαφθοράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαφθορά: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνελήμφθηwas capturedVVI API3S · λαμβάνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'was captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
καὶ ἔθεντο αὐτὸν ἐν κημῷ καὶ ἐν γαλεάγρᾳ ἦλθεν πρὸς βασιλέα Βαβυλῶνος καὶ εἰσήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς φυλακήν ὅπως μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη τοῦ Ισραηλ
And they put him in a hook and in a cage, and he came to the king of Babylon; they brought him into custody so that his voice should no longer be heard upon the mountains of Israel.
Babylonian imprisonment removes the ruler from his land and extinguishes the public voice of his rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθεντοmadeVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κημῷmuzzleN2 DSM · κημόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκημός: meaning 'muzzle'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γαλεάγρᾳcageN1A DSF · γαλεάγραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγαλεάγρα: meaning 'cage'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγενἄγωVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'ἄγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φυλακήνprisonN1 ASF · φυλακήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'prison'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκουσθῇbe heardVC APS3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀκούω: meaning 'be heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
10
ἡ μήτηρ σου ὡς ἄμπελος ὡς ἄνθος ἐν ῥόᾳ ἐν ὕδατι πεφυτευμένη ὁ καρπὸς αὐτῆς καὶ ὁ βλαστὸς αὐτῆς ἐγένετο ἐξ ὕδατος πολλοῦ
Your mother was like a vine, like a blossom on a pomegranate tree, planted by water; her fruit and her shoot came from abundant water.
The lament now shifts from leonine violence to vegetal fertility, recalling how richly the royal house had once been situated and supplied.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄμπελοςvineN2 NSF · ἄμπελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθοςflowerN3E NSN · ἄνθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθος: meaning 'flower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥόᾳpomegranate treeN1A DSF · ῥόαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥόα: meaning 'pomegranate tree'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδατιwaterN3T DSN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεφυτευμένηplantedVM · χμπνσφ φυτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ φυτεύω: meaning 'planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸςfruitN2 NSM · καρπόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλαστὸςshootN2 NSM · βλαστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβλαστός: meaning 'shoot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλοῦmany / muchA1 GSN · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῇ ῥάβδος ἰσχύος ἐπὶ φυλὴν ἡγουμένων καὶ ὑψώθη τῷ μεγέθει αὐτῆς ἐν μέσῳ στελεχῶν καὶ εἶδεν τὸ μέγεθος αὐτῆς ἐν πλήθει κλημάτων αὐτῆς
And she had a strong rod for the tribe of rulers, and she was lifted up in her stature among the stems, and her greatness was seen in the multitude of her branches.
The vine produces a ruler's staff and towers above the thicket, portraying the visible stature of royal power.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥάβδοςstaffN2 NSF · ῥάβδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥάβδος: meaning 'staff'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φυλὴνscepterN1 ASF · φυλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡγουμένωνleadersV2 · πμπγπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leaders'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψώθηwas exaltedVCI API3S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'was exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγέθειgreatnessN3E DSN · μέγεθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγεθος: meaning 'greatness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
στελεχῶνbranchesN3E GPN · στέλεχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστέλεχος: meaning 'branches'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγεθοςgreatnessN3E ASN · μέγεθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγεθος: meaning 'greatness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κλημάτωνshootsN3M GPN · κλῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκλῆμα: meaning 'shoots'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
καὶ κατεκλάσθη ἐν θυμῷ ἐπὶ γῆν ἐρρίφη καὶ ἄνεμος ὁ καύσων ἐξήρανεν τὰ ἐκλεκτὰ αὐτῆς ἐξεδικήθη καὶ ἐξηράνθη ἡ ῥάβδος ἰσχύος αὐτῆς πῦρ ἀνήλωσεν αὐτήν
But she was broken off in wrath and thrown to the ground, and the scorching wind dried up her choice shoots; her strong rod was punished and dried up; fire consumed it.
Divine wrath overturns the flourishing vine, and the royal branch that signaled strength becomes dry fuel for judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεκλάσθηwas brokenVCI API3S · κλάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλάω + κατα: meaning 'was broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρρίφηwas thrown downVVI API3S · ῥίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥίπτω: meaning 'was thrown down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνεμοςwindN2 NSM · ἄνεμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνεμος: meaning 'wind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καύσωνscorching heatN3W NSM · καύσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαύσων: meaning 'scorching heat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξήρανενdried upVAI AAI3S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristξηραίνω: meaning 'dried up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτὰchosenA1 APN · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξεδικήθηwas stripped offVCI API3S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'was stripped off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηράνθηdried upVCI API3S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristξηραίνω: meaning 'dried up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥάβδοςstaffN2 NSF · ῥάβδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥάβδος: meaning 'staff'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνήλωσενconsumedVAI AAI3S · ἁλίσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁλίσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
καὶ νῦν πεφύτευκαν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐν γῇ ἀνύδρῳ
And now they have planted her in the wilderness, in a waterless land.
The relocation from watered fertility to desert barrenness condenses the experience of exile into one stark image.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεφύτευκανthey have plantedVX XAI3P · φυτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφυτεύω: meaning 'they have planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνύδρῳwaterlessA1B DSF · ἄνυδροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
14
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν πῦρ ἐκ ῥάβδου ἐκλεκτῶν αὐτῆς καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτήν καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἐν αὐτῇ ῥάβδος ἰσχύος φυλὴ εἰς παραβολὴν θρήνου ἐστὶν καὶ ἔσται εἰς θρῆνον
And fire went out from a rod of her choice shoots and devoured her, and there was no longer in her a strong rod, a scepter fit to rule. It is a lamentation, and it shall become a lamentation.
The final blow rises from the vine's own branch, so the lament closes on inwardly generated ruin and the disappearance of royal rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥάβδουrodN2 GSF · ῥάβδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥάβδος: meaning 'rod'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκλεκτῶνchosenA1 GPM · ἐκλεκτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενconsumeVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'consume'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥάβδοςstaffN2 NSF · ῥάβδοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥάβδος: meaning 'staff'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φυλὴscepterN1 NSF · φυλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραβολὴνa proverbN1 ASF · παραβολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαραβολή: meaning 'a proverb'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θρήνουlamentN2 GSM · θρῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρῆνος: meaning 'lament'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρῆνονlamentN2 ASM · θρῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρῆνος: meaning 'lament'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.