Ezekiel 24 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ ἐνάτῳ ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ δεκάτῳ δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς λέγων

And the word of the Lord came to me in the ninth year, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, saying,

Dated superscription of the siege dayasyndeton

The oracle is anchored to a specific date so the sign can be tied exactly to the beginning of Babylon's assault on Jerusalem.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνάτῳninthA1 DSN · ἔνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔνατος: meaning 'ninth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δεκάτῳdekatosA1 DSM · δέκατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδέκατος: meaning 'dekatos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

δεκάτῃdekateA1 DSF · δέκατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδέκατος: meaning 'dekate'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

2

υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου γράψον σεαυτῷ εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ἀφ' ἧς ἀπηρείσατο βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας τῆς σήμερον

Son of man, write for yourself the day from this day, from the day on which the king of Babylon set himself against Jerusalem, from this present day.

Ezekiel must record the exact dayasyndeton

The prophet is ordered to mark the date because historical siege and prophetic word are converging in real time.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.

ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

γράψονwriteVA AAD2S · γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἀπηρείσατοset downVAI AMI3S · ἐρείδομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρείδομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'set down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

3

καὶ εἰπὸν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τὸν παραπικραίνοντα παραβολὴν καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπίστησον τὸν λέβητα καὶ ἔκχεον εἰς αὐτὸν ὕδωρ

And speak a parable against the rebellious house, and you shall say to them, Thus says the Lord: Set on the pot and pour water into it.

The boiling-pot parable beginsasyndeton

The rebellious house is addressed through kitchen imagery that will soon be interpreted as a city-oracle.

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

εἰπὸνsayVB AAD2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

παραπικραίνονταπαραπικραίνονταV1 · παπασμ πικραίνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ πικραίνω + παρα: meaning 'παραπικραίνοντα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

παραβολὴνa proverbN1 ASF · παραβολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαραβολή: meaning 'a proverb'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐπίστησονset uponVA AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'set upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λέβηταcauldronN3T ASM · λέβηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλέβης: meaning 'cauldron'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἔκχεονpour outVA AAD2S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

4

καὶ ἔμβαλε εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ διχοτομήματα πᾶν διχοτόμημα καλόν σκέλος καὶ ὦμον ἐκσεσαρκισμένα ἀπὸ τῶν ὀστῶν

Put into it the pieces, every good piece, thigh and shoulder, choice cuts stripped from the bones.

Choice pieces are gathered into the potasyndeton

The city is pictured as a vessel holding its best cuts, which makes the coming boil an image of comprehensive judgment.

Word-by-word analysis· 16 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἔμβαλεἔμβαλεVB AAD2S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'ἔμβαλε'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διχοτομήματαpiecesN3M APN · διχοτόμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιχοτόμημα: meaning 'pieces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

διχοτόμημαδιχοτόμημαN3M ASN · διχοτόμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιχοτόμημα: meaning 'διχοτόμημα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καλόνgoodA1 ASN · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

σκέλοςσκέλοςN3E ASN · σκέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκέλος: meaning 'σκέλος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὦμονshoulderN2 ASM · ὦμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὦμος: meaning 'shoulder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐκσεσαρκισμέναfleshy/stripped from bonesVT · χππαπν σαρκίζω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππαπν σαρκίζω + ἐκ: meaning 'fleshy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὀστῶνbonesN2N GPN · ὀστέονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

5

ἐξ ἐπιλέκτων κτηνῶν εἰλημμένων καὶ ὑπόκαιε τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑποκάτω αὐτῶν ἔζεσεν ἔζεσεν καὶ ἥψηται τὰ ὀστᾶ αὐτῆς ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς

Take them from choice cattle and kindle the bones beneath them; it boiled, it boiled, and its bones shall be cooked in the midst of it.

The pot boils over the fireasyndeton

The repeated boiling heightens the pressure of judgment and suggests that the whole city is being heated from below.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἐπιλέκτωνἐπιλέκτωνA1B GPN · ἐπίλεκτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπίλεκτος: meaning 'ἐπιλέκτων'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

κτηνῶνlivestockN3E GPN · κτῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'livestock'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

εἰλημμένωνεἰλημμένωνVP · χμπγπν λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγπν λαμβάνω: meaning 'εἰλημμένων'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὑπόκαιεkindle beneathV1 PAD2S · καίω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαίω + ὑπο: meaning 'kindle beneath'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτῶνhisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἔζεσενἔζεσενVAI AAI3S · ζέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζέω: meaning 'ἔζεσεν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἥψηταιἥψηταιVM XMI3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἅπτομαι: meaning 'ἥψηται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὀστᾶbonesN2N NPN · ὀστέονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

6

διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος ὦ πόλις αἱμάτων λέβης ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἰὸς ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ ἰὸς οὐκ ἐξῆλθεν ἐξ αὐτῆς κατὰ μέλος αὐτῆς ἐξήνεγκεν οὐκ ἔπεσεν ἐπ' αὐτὴν κλῆρος

Therefore thus says the Lord: O city of bloods, a pot in which there is corrosion and whose corrosion has not gone out from it! Piece by piece they brought it out; no lot fell upon it.

Jerusalem is named as the rusted blood-cityasyndeton

The parable is now opened: the pot is Jerusalem, and the clinging rust symbolizes an ingrained defilement that has not been removed.

Word-by-word analysis· 31 words

διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

αἱμάτωνbloodN3M GPN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

λέβηςcauldronN3T NSM · λέβηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέβης: meaning 'cauldron'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἰὸςcorrosion/rustN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'corrosion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἰὸςcorrosion/rustN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'corrosion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μέλοςlimbN3E ASN · μέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέλος: meaning 'limb'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐξήνεγκενbrought outVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἔπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κλῆροςlotN2 NSM · κλῆροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκλῆρος: meaning 'lot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

7

ὅτι αἷμα αὐτῆς ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς ἐστιν ἐπὶ λεωπετρίαν τέταχα αὐτό οὐκ ἐκκέχυκα αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τοῦ καλύψαι ἐπ' αὐτὸ γῆν

For her blood is in the midst of her; she has set it upon bare rock; she did not pour it out upon the ground to cover it with earth.

Her bloodguilt lies exposed and uncoveredasyndeton

The city's violence is shamelessly public; the blood has not even received the ordinary covering that might hide it from view.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

λεωπετρίανbare rockN1A ASF · λεωπετρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλεωπετρία: meaning 'bare rock'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τέταχατέταχαVX XAI1S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτάσσω: meaning 'τέταχα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐκκέχυκαἐκκέχυκαVX XAI1S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκκέχυκα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καλύψαικαλύπτωVA AAN · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

8

τοῦ ἀναβῆναι θυμὸν εἰς ἐκδίκησιν ἐκδικηθῆναι δέδωκα τὸ αἷμα αὐτῆς ἐπὶ λεωπετρίαν τοῦ μὴ καλύψαι αὐτό

So that wrath may rise up for vengeance to be avenged, I have given her blood upon bare rock so as not to cover it.

The Lord exposes the blood for vengeanceasyndeton

The public visibility of the blood is part of divine purpose: it summons righteous vengeance rather than concealment.

Word-by-word analysis· 16 words

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀναβῆναιgo upVZ AAN · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐκδικηθῆναιἐκδικηθῆναιVC APN · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκδικηθῆναι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

δέδωκαgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

λεωπετρίανbare rockN1A ASF · λεωπετρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλεωπετρία: meaning 'bare rock'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

καλύψαικαλύπτωVA AAN · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

9

διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος κἀγὼ μεγαλυνῶ τὸν δαλὸν

Therefore thus says the Lord: And I too will magnify the pile of wood.

The Lord enlarges the firewoodasyndeton

The response to the city's bloodguilt is not mitigation but intensified heat.

Word-by-word analysis· 9 words

διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀγὼ: meaning 'and I'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μεγαλυνῶμεγαλυνῶVF FAI1S · μεγαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεγαλύνω: meaning 'μεγαλυνῶ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δαλὸνfirebrandN2 ASM · δαλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδαλός: meaning 'firebrand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

10

καὶ πληθυνῶ τὰ ξύλα καὶ ἀνακαύσω τὸ πῦρ ὅπως τακῇ τὰ κρέα καὶ ἐλαττωθῇ ὁ ζωμὸς

And I will multiply the wood and kindle the fire so that the meat may melt and the broth be diminished.

The fire is increased to reduce flesh and brothasyndeton

The cooking image becomes punitive: what is inside the pot is to be consumed rather than preserved.

Word-by-word analysis· 16 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πληθυνῶI will multiplyVF2 FAI1S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπληθύνω: meaning 'I will multiply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ξύλαtimber / woodN2N APN · ξύλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationξύλον: meaning 'timber'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἀνακαύσωἀνακαύσωVF FAI1S · καίω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαίω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνακαύσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τακῇmeltV1 PAS3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτήκω: meaning 'melt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κρέαfleshN3 APN · κρέαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρέας: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐλαττωθῇἐλαττωθῇVC APS3S · ἐλαττόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐλαττόω: meaning 'ἐλαττωθῇ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ζωμὸςbrothN2 NSM · ζωμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωμός: meaning 'broth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

11

καὶ στῇ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄνθρακας ὅπως προσκαυθῇ καὶ θερμανθῇ ὁ χαλκὸς αὐτῆς καὶ τακῇ ἐν μέσῳ ἀκαθαρσίας αὐτῆς καὶ ἐκλίπῃ ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῆς

And let it stand upon the coals so that its bronze may be burned and heated and its uncleanness melt within it and its corrosion come to an end.

The empty vessel itself must be heatedasyndeton

Judgment moves beyond the contents to the vessel, because the city's impurity is not superficial but structural.

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

στῇremainVH AAS3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἄνθρακαςcoalsN3K APM · ἄνθραξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθραξ: meaning 'coals'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

προσκαυθῇbe burned uponVC APS3S · καίω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαίω + προς: meaning 'be burned upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

θερμανθῇmight be warmedVC APS3S · θερμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyθερμαίνω: meaning 'might be warmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

χαλκὸςbronzeN2 NSM · χαλκόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχαλκός: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τακῇmeltV1 PAS3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτήκω: meaning 'melt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessN1A GSF · ἀκαθαρσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκαθαρσία: meaning 'uncleanness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐκλίπῃfailVB AAS3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἰὸςcorrosion/rustN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'corrosion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

12

καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃ ἐξ αὐτῆς πολὺς ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῆς καταισχυνθήσεται ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῆς

And the great corrosion of it shall not come out from it; its corrosion shall be put to shame.

Its rust resists ordinary cleansingasyndeton

The point is that the city's stain has become so stubborn that only shameful, consuming judgment can deal with it.

Word-by-word analysis· 14 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐξέλθῃwent outVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἰὸςcorrosion/rustN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'corrosion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καταισχυνθήσεταιshall be put to shameVC FPI3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'shall be put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἰὸςcorrosion/rustN2 NSM · ἰόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰός: meaning 'corrosion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

13

ἀνθ' ὧν ἐμιαίνου σύ καὶ τί ἐὰν μὴ καθαρισθῇς ἔτι ἕως οὗ ἐμπλήσω τὸν θυμόν μου

Because you were defiled, and what if you should not be cleansed still until I fill my wrath?

Persistent uncleanness provokes filled wrathasyndeton

The city has reached the point where refusal of cleansing leaves only the completion of divine anger.

Word-by-word analysis· 16 words

ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐμιαίνουἐμιαίνουV1I IMI2S · μιαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμιαίνω: meaning 'ἐμιαίνου'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

καθαρισθῇςκαθαρισθῇςVS APS2S · καθαρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαθαρίζω: meaning 'καθαρισθῇς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐμπλήσωI will fillVF FAI1S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'I will fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θυμόνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

14

ἐγὼ κύριος λελάληκα καὶ ἥξει καὶ ποιήσω οὐ διαστελῶ οὐδὲ μὴ ἐλεήσω κατὰ τὰς ὁδούς σου καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἐνθυμήματά σου κρινῶ σε λέγει κύριος διὰ τοῦτο ἐγὼ κρινῶ σε κατὰ τὰ αἵματά σου καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἐνθυμήματά σου κρινῶ σε ἡ ἀκάθαρτος ἡ ὀνομαστὴ καὶ πολλὴ τοῦ παραπικραίνειν

I the Lord have spoken, and it shall come and I will do it; I will not delay, nor will I pity; according to your ways and according to your devices I will judge you, says the Lord. Therefore I will judge you according to your bloods and according to your devices, you unclean one, famed and abundant in provoking.

The judgment is fixed and proportionateasyndeton

The Lord seals the sentence with his own speech: what comes will answer directly to Jerusalem's bloodguilt and defiling devices.

Word-by-word analysis· 49 words

ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

λελάληκαλαλέωVX XAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'λαλέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

διαστελῶδιαVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + δια: meaning 'δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐλεήσωhave mercyVF FAI1S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁδούςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνθυμήματάthoughtN3M APN · ἐνθύμημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐνθύμημα: meaning 'thought'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κρινῶjudgeVF2 FAI1S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.