Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ezekiel, Chapter 32ΙΕΖΕΚΙΗΛ ΛΒ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Egypt is lamented into the underworld among the slain nations.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Ezekiel 32 presents Egypt's downfall in two linked laments, both precisely dated and both shaped by the Septuagint's own rhetorical texture. The first oracle (vv. 1-16) addresses Pharaoh through mixed beast imagery: he is both a lion among nations and a sea-dragon fouling his rivers, so the Lord answers with hunter imagery, dragging him ashore in a net, feeding birds and beasts with his carcass, and darkening heaven itself over his fall. The cosmic eclipse language of vv. 7-8 places Egypt's collapse in the register of de-creation, while the sword of the king of Babylon in vv. 11-12 interprets imperial conquest as the Lord's own judicial instrument. The second oracle (vv. 17-32) moves from dirge into a necropolis catalogue: Egypt is summoned down to the pit among the uncircumcised, where Asshur, Elam, Meshech, Tubal, and the northern princes already lie in ordered shame. This underworld roll call is one of the chapter's most striking LXX features, because political history is redescribed as a descent among the dead, each power remembered by the terror it once cast on 'the land of the living.' The Greek versification omits a separate verse 19, so the sequence runs 18 directly to 20, and the strange consolatory note at the end is deliberately bitter: Pharaoh is 'comforted' only by discovering that other empires have preceded him into the same pit.

1

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἑνδεκάτῳ ἔτει ἐν τῷ δωδεκάτῳ μηνὶ μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων

And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

Dated superscription for the first Egypt lamentasyndeton
It opens with a precise date, marking this dirge as a fresh stage in the long judgment against Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνδεκάτῳeleventhA1 DSN · ἑνδέκατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἑνδέκατος: meaning 'eleventh'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δωδεκάτῳtwelfthA1 DSM · δωδέκατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδωδέκατος: meaning 'twelfth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ measure or countμιᾷ: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2

υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου λαβὲ θρῆνον ἐπὶ Φαραω βασιλέα Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἐρεῖς αὐτῷ λέοντι ἐθνῶν ὡμοιώθης καὶ σὺ ὡς δράκων ὁ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἐκεράτιζες τοῖς ποταμοῖς σου καὶ ἐτάρασσες ὕδωρ τοῖς ποσίν σου καὶ κατεπάτεις τοὺς ποταμούς σου

Son of man, take up a lamentation over Pharaoh king of Egypt, and you shall say to him: You were likened to a lion of the nations, and you are like a dragon in the sea, and you were thrusting through your rivers, and you were troubling the water with your feet, and you were trampling down your rivers.

Pharaoh introduced as lion and sea-dragonasyndeton
The lament begins by naming Egypt through predatory and chaotic images. Pharaoh's violent self-assertion in the waters becomes the premise for the Lord's counter-action.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θρῆνονlamentationN2 ASM · θρῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρῆνος: meaning 'lamentation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΦαραωPharaohN ASM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέοντιa lionN3 DSM · λέωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλέων: meaning 'a lion'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡμοιώθηςyou were likenedVCI API2S · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοιόω: meaning 'you were likened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δράκωνa dragonN3 NSM · δράκωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδράκων: meaning 'a dragon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεράτιζεςyou gored / thrustV1I IAI2S · κερατίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκερατίζω: meaning 'you gored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῖςriverN2 DPM · ποταμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτάρασσεςyou troubledV1I IAI2S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processταράσσω: meaning 'you troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποσίνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεπάτειςyou trampled downV2I IAI2S · πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπατέω + κατα: meaning 'you trampled down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμούςriverN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3

τάδε λέγει κύριος καὶ περιβαλῶ ἐπὶ σὲ δίκτυα λαῶν πολλῶν καὶ ἀνάξω σε ἐν τῷ ἀγκίστρῳ μου

Thus says the Lord: I will cast over you the nets of many peoples, and I will bring you up on my hook.

The Lord announces the capture of the monsterasyndeton
Hunter imagery answers the dragon image. Egypt is not merely opposed but hauled up by the Lord himself through the agency of many peoples.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιβαλῶI will cast aroundVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + περι: meaning 'I will cast around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκτυαnetworkN2N APN · δίκτυονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκτυον: meaning 'network'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάξωI will bring upVF FAI1S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I will bring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγκίστρῳa hookN2N DSN · ἄγκιστρονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄγκιστρον: meaning 'a hook'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4

καὶ ἐκτενῶ σε ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν πεδία πλησθήσεταί σου καὶ ἐπικαθιῶ ἐπὶ σὲ πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐμπλήσω ἐκ σοῦ πάντα τὰ θηρία πάσης τῆς γῆς

And I will stretch you out upon the land; the plains shall be filled with you, and I will make all the birds of heaven settle upon you, and from you I will fill all the beasts of the whole earth.

The carcass is exposed to birds and beastsasyndeton
Once dragged onto the land, Pharaoh becomes carrion. The scene strips imperial majesty down to a body spread before the scavengers.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτενῶτείνω + ἐκVF2 FAI1S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'τείνω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πεδίαfieldsN2N APN · πεδίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'fields'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πλησθήσεταίshall be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι: meaning 'shall be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπικαθιῶI will seatVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἐπι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἐπι + κατα: meaning 'I will seat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινὰbirdsN2N APN · πετεινόνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλήσωI will fillVF FAI1S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'I will fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίαelephantsN2N APN · θηρίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθηρίον: meaning 'elephants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5

καὶ δώσω τὰς σάρκας σου ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ ἐμπλήσω ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματός σου

And I will lay your flesh upon the mountains, and from your blood I will fill the valleys.

Blood and flesh cover the heightsasyndeton
The lament widens from corpse to landscape. Egypt's fall stains mountains and fills the terrain with the evidence of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλήσωI will fillVF FAI1S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'I will fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματόςbloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6

καὶ ποτισθήσεται ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ τῶν προχωρημάτων σου ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους σου ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων φάραγγας ἐμπλήσω ἀπὸ σοῦ

And the land shall be drenched with your outpourings, from your multitude, upon the mountains; and I will fill the ravines with you.

The land is drenched by Egypt's collapseasyndeton
The blood-image intensifies: ravines and mountains are saturated with the outflow of the fallen empire.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποτισθήσεταιshall be drenchedVC FPI3S · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποτίζω: meaning 'shall be drenched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προχωρημάτωνdischarges / outpouringsN3M GPN · προχώρημαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροχώρημα: meaning 'discharges'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςmultitudeN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φάραγγαςφάραγξN3G APF · φάραγξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'φάραγξ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπλήσωI will fillVF FAI1S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'I will fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7

καὶ κατακαλύψω ἐν τῷ σβεσθῆναί σε οὐρανὸν καὶ συσκοτάσω τὰ ἄστρα αὐτοῦ ἥλιον ἐν νεφέλῃ καλύψω καὶ σελήνη οὐ μὴ φάνῃ τὸ φῶς αὐτῆς

And when you are extinguished I will cover the heaven and darken its stars; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not show its light.

Cosmic darkening over Pharaoh's extinctionasyndeton
The fall is described in de-creation language. Heaven itself is veiled as though Egypt's extinction were an eclipse.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακαλύψωI will cover overVF FAI1S · καλύπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω + κατα: meaning 'I will cover over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σβεσθῆναίto be extinguishedVC APN · σβέννυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσβέννυμι: meaning 'to be extinguished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συσκοτάσωI will darkenVF FAI1S · σκοτάζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκοτάζω + συν: meaning 'I will darken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄστραstarN2N APN · ἄστρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεφέλῃcloudN1 DSF · νεφέληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεφέλη: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καλύψωκαλύπτωVF FAI1S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σελήνηmoonN1 NSF · σελήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσελήνη: meaning 'moon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάνῃshow forthVD APS3S · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφαίνω: meaning 'show forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8

πάντα τὰ φαίνοντα φῶς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ συσκοτάσουσιν ἐπὶ σέ καὶ δώσω σκότος ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν σου λέγει κύριος κύριος

All the lights that shine in heaven shall be darkened over you, and I will put darkness upon your land, says the Lord GOD.

The darkness settles upon Egyptasyndeton
The cosmic signs are explicitly applied to Pharaoh's land. The judgment is not local defeat only but a symbolic unmaking of imperial light.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαίνονταshiningV1 · παπνπν φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπν φαίνω: meaning 'shining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συσκοτάσουσινwill be darkenedVF FAI3P · σκοτάζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκοτάζω + συν: meaning 'will be darkened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκότοςdarknessN3E ASN · σκότοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9

καὶ παροργιῶ καρδίαν λαῶν πολλῶν ἡνίκα ἂν ἄγω αἰχμαλωσίαν σου εἰς τὰ ἔθνη εἰς γῆν ἣν οὐκ ἔγνως

And I will provoke the heart of many peoples when I bring your captivity among the nations, into a land that you did not know.

The nations are provoked by Egypt's deportationasyndeton
The Lord turns Pharaoh's fall into international shock. Exile among unknown nations makes Egypt taste the same displacement it once embodied for others.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παροργιῶI will provokeVF2 FAI1S · ὀργίζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀργίζω + παρα: meaning 'I will provoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄγωI am bringingV1 PAI1S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω: meaning 'I am bringing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωςgignoskoVZI AAI2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10

καὶ στυγνάσουσιν ἐπὶ σὲ ἔθνη πολλά καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῶν ἐκστάσει ἐκστήσονται ἐν τῷ πέτασθαι τὴν ῥομφαίαν μου ἐπὶ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν προσδεχόμενοι τὴν πτῶσιν αὐτῶν ἀφ' ἡμέρας πτώσεώς σου

And many nations shall be appalled over you, and their kings shall stand beside themselves in horror when my sword is brandished before their face, each awaiting his own fall from the day of your fall.

Kings tremble at the sword behind Egypt's fallasyndeton
Other rulers do not watch safely from afar; they see in Egypt's collapse the brandishing of a sword that may yet turn toward them.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στυγνάσουσινshall be appalledVF FAI3P · στυγνάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστυγνάζω: meaning 'shall be appalled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλάmanyA1 NPN · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκστάσειastonishmentN3I DSF · ἔκστασιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔκστασις: meaning 'astonishment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκστήσονταιwill be astoundedVF FMI3P · ἵστημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'will be astounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέτασθαιto be brandished / flyV5 PMN · πέτομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπέτομαι: meaning 'to be brandished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπαfacesN2N APN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσδεχόμενοιwelcomeV1 · πμπνπμ δέχομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ δέχομαι + προς: meaning 'welcome'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτῶσινfallN3I ASF · πτῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτῶσις: meaning 'fall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πτώσεώςfallN3I GSF · πτῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτῶσις: meaning 'fall'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11

ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος ῥομφαία βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος ἥξει σοι

For thus says the Lord: The sword of the king of Babylon shall come upon you.

Babylon is named as the instrumentasyndeton
The imagery gives way to direct identification. The king of Babylon is the historical blade by which the Lord carries out this sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ῥομφαίαswordN1A NSF · ῥομφαίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12

ἐν μαχαίραις γιγάντων καὶ καταβαλῶ τὴν ἰσχύν σου λοιμοὶ ἀπὸ ἐθνῶν πάντες καὶ ἀπολοῦσι τὴν ὕβριν Αἰγύπτου καὶ συντριβήσεται πᾶσα ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτῆς

With the swords of giants I will cast down your strength; they are pestilent men from among the nations, all of them, and they shall destroy the arrogance of Egypt, and all her strength shall be crushed.

Egypt's pride and strength are shatteredasyndeton
The conquerors are described as devastating warriors from the nations, and the target is not merely Egypt's army but Egypt's arrogance.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μαχαίραιςswordN1 DPF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γιγάντωνgiantsN3 GPM · γίγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγίγας: meaning 'giants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβαλῶI will cast downVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'I will cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λοιμοὶworthless / pestilentN2 NPM · λοιμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλοιμός: meaning 'worthless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολοῦσιthey will destroyVF2 FAI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'they will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕβρινinsolenceN3I ASF · ὕβριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕβρις: meaning 'insolence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντριβήσεταιwill be crushedVD FPI3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'will be crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13

καὶ ἀπολῶ πάντα τὰ κτήνη αὐτῆς ἀφ' ὕδατος πολλοῦ καὶ οὐ μὴ ταράξῃ αὐτὸ ἔτι ποὺς ἀνθρώπου καὶ ἴχνος κτηνῶν οὐ μὴ καταπατήσῃ αὐτό

And I will destroy all her cattle from beside the abundant waters, and the foot of man shall trouble them no more, nor shall the track of cattle trample them any longer.

The waters are no longer disturbedasyndeton
Where Pharaoh once churned the waters, silence follows judgment. The loss of cattle and footsteps marks the end of life and traffic around the Nile.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηcattleN3E APN · κτῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλοῦmany / muchA1 GSN · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταράξῃtroubleVA AAS3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyταράσσω: meaning 'trouble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποὺςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴχνοςfootprint / soleN3E NSN · ἴχνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴχνος: meaning 'footprint'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κτηνῶνlivestockN3E GPN · κτῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'livestock'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπατήσῃtrample downVA AAS3S · πατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπατέω + κατα: meaning 'trample down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14

οὕτως τότε ἡσυχάσει τὰ ὕδατα αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ποταμοὶ αὐτῶν ὡς ἔλαιον πορεύσονται λέγει κύριος

Then their waters shall be at rest, and their rivers shall go like oil, says the Lord.

The rivers move in eerie stillnessasyndeton
The once-troubled waters now flow like oil, a figure for unnatural calm after violence and depopulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχάσειwill restVF FAI3S · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡσυχάζω: meaning 'will rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδαταwaterN3T NPN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοὶriverN2 NPM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαιονoilN2N NSN · ἔλαιονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
15

ὅταν δῶ Αἴγυπτον εἰς ἀπώλειαν καὶ ἐρημωθῇ ἡ γῆ σὺν τῇ πληρώσει αὐτῆς ὅταν διασπείρω πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ γνώσονται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος

When I make Egypt a ruin and the land is laid waste with all its fullness, when I scatter all who dwell in it, then they shall know that I am the Lord.

Ruin leads to recognition of the Lordasyndeton
The standard recognition formula returns, but now through total loss: desolation, emptied fullness, and scattered inhabitants.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῶI give / makeVO AAS1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'I give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρημωθῇbe laid wasteVC APS3S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐρημόω: meaning 'be laid waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληρώσειfullnessN3I DSF · πλήρωσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλήρωσις: meaning 'fullness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασπείρωI scatterVA AAS1S · σπείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσπείρω + δια: meaning 'I scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσονταιwill knowVF FMI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16

θρῆνός ἐστιν καὶ θρηνήσεις αὐτόν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες τῶν ἐθνῶν θρηνήσουσιν αὐτόν ἐπ' Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτῆς θρηνήσουσιν αὐτήν λέγει κύριος κύριος

It is a lamentation, and they shall lament it; the daughters of the nations shall lament it; over Egypt and over all her strength they shall lament her, says the Lord GOD.

The lament is assigned to the nationsasyndeton
The dirge is no private grief. The daughters of the nations become the public chorus who certify Egypt's humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
θρῆνόςlamentationN2 NSM · θρῆνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρῆνος: meaning 'lamentation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θρηνήσειςyou shall lamentVF FAI2S · θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθρηνέω: meaning 'you shall lament'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θρηνήσουσινthey shall lamentVF FAI3P · θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθρηνέω: meaning 'they shall lament'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θρηνήσουσινthey shall lamentVF FAI3P · θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθρηνέω: meaning 'they shall lament'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17

καὶ ἐγενήθη ἐν τῷ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει τοῦ πρώτου μηνὸς πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων

And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the month, that the word of the Lord came to me, saying,

Second dated superscription for the descent oracleasyndeton
A new date marks a second movement within the chapter. The lament turns from battlefield ruin to the geography of the underworld.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δωδεκάτῳtwelfthA1 DSN · δωδέκατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδωδέκατος: meaning 'twelfth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSMS · πρῶτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πεντεκαιδεκάτῃfifteenthA1 DSF · πεντεκαιδέκατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπεντεκαιδέκατος: meaning 'fifteenth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18

υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου θρήνησον ἐπὶ τὴν ἰσχὺν Αἰγύπτου καὶ καταβιβάσουσιν αὐτῆς τὰς θυγατέρας τὰ ἔθνη νεκρὰς εἰς τὸ βάθος τῆς γῆς πρὸς τοὺς καταβαίνοντας εἰς βόθρον

Son of man, lament over the strength of Egypt, and the nations shall bring down her daughters, the dead, to the depths of the earth, with those who go down into the pit.

Egypt is summoned down to the pitasyndeton
The prophet is told to lament in a way that effects descent. Egypt is grouped with the mighty dead and sent toward the earth's depths.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θρήνησονlamentVA AAD2S · θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθρηνέω: meaning 'lament'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβιβάσουσινthey shall bring downVF FAI3P · βιβάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβιβάζω + κατα: meaning 'they shall bring down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νεκρὰςdeadA1A APF · νεκρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάθοςdepthN3E ASN · βάθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάθος: meaning 'depth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαίνονταςthose going downV1 · παπαπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'those going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βόθρονpitN2 ASM · βόθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20

ἐν μέσῳ τραυματιῶν μαχαίρας πεσοῦνται μετ' αὐτοῦ καὶ κοιμηθήσεται πᾶσα ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ

In the midst of those wounded by the sword they shall fall with him, and all his strength shall lie down.

Egypt joins the sword-slain belowasyndeton
The burial world is introduced as a society of the pierced. Pharaoh's strength ends not in triumph but in lying down among the mortally wounded.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τραυματιῶνslain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιμηθήσεταιwill lie downVC FPI3S · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοιμάω: meaning 'will lie down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21

καὶ ἐροῦσίν σοι οἱ γίγαντες ἐν βάθει βόθρου γίνου τίνος κρείττων εἶ κατάβηθι καὶ κοιμήθητι μετὰ ἀπεριτμήτων ἐν μέσῳ τραυματιῶν μαχαίρας

And the giants in the depth of the pit shall say to you: Whom do you surpass? Go down and lie with the uncircumcised in the midst of those wounded by the sword.

The dead taunt the newcomerasyndeton
The giants of the pit greet Pharaoh with contemptuous comparison. His arrival below proves that his supposed greatness brought him nowhere higher.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσίνthey will sayVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'they will say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γίγαντεςgiantN3 NPM · γίγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγίγας: meaning 'giant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βάθειdepthA3U DSM · βαθύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβαθύς: meaning 'depth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βόθρουpitN2 GSM · βόθροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γίνουbeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρείττωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατάβηθιgo downVC APD2S · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'go down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιμήθητιlie downVC APD2S · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκοιμάω: meaning 'lie down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπεριτμήτωνuncircumcisedA1B GPM · ἀπερίτμητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπερίτμητος: meaning 'uncircumcised'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τραυματιῶνslain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
22

ἐκεῖ Ασσουρ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ συναγωγὴ αὐτοῦ πάντες τραυματίαι ἐκεῖ ἐδόθησαν καὶ ἡ ταφὴ αὐτῶν ἐν βάθει βόθρου καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡ συναγωγὴ αὐτοῦ περικύκλῳ τοῦ μνήματος αὐτοῦ πάντες οἱ τραυματίαι οἱ πεπτωκότες μαχαίρᾳ

There is Asshur and all his assembly; all of them are wounded. There they were given over, and their burial is in the depth of the pit, and his whole company came to be around his tomb, all of them wounded, those fallen by the sword,

Asshur appears as the first witness in the pitasyndeton
The catalogue begins with Asshur already encircled by tomb and assembly. Former terror has become ordered burial in the deep.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσσουρAsshurN NS · Ασσουρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴassemblyN1 NSF · συναγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδόθησανgiveVCI API3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταφὴburialN1 NSF · ταφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταφή: meaning 'burial'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βάθειdepthA3U DSM · βαθύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβαθύς: meaning 'depth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βόθρουpitN2 GSM · βόθροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴassemblyN1 NSF · συναγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περικύκλῳround about / surroundingD · περικύκλῳadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπερικύκλῳ: meaning 'round about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνήματοςtombN3M GSN · μνῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμνῆμα: meaning 'tomb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπτωκότεςthose who had fallenVX · χαπνπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ πίπτω: meaning 'those who had fallen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαχαίρᾳswordN1A DSF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
23

οἱ δόντες τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ζωῆς

those who gave their terror upon the land of the living.

Asshur's past terror is rememberedasyndeton
The epitaph is concise and sharp: these were powers that once cast fear over the living world.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόντεςwho gaveVO · ααπνπμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ δίδωμι: meaning 'who gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24

ἐκεῖ αιλαμ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ περικύκλῳ τοῦ μνήματος αὐτοῦ πάντες οἱ τραυματίαι οἱ πεπτωκότες μαχαίρᾳ καὶ οἱ καταβαίνοντες ἀπερίτμητοι εἰς γῆς βάθος οἱ δεδωκότες αὐτῶν φόβον ἐπὶ γῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐλάβοσαν τὴν βάσανον αὐτῶν μετὰ τῶν καταβαινόντων εἰς βόθρον

There is Elam and all his strength around his tomb, all of them wounded, those fallen by the sword, and those going down uncircumcised into the depth of the earth, those who gave their terror upon the land of the living; and they bore their punishment with those going down into the pit.

Elam shares the same shameful descentasyndeton
Elam too lies around its tomb, uncircumcised in the depths, bearing punishment with the rest of the pit-bound nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αιλαμElamN NSN · αιλαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαιλαμ: meaning 'Elam'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περικύκλῳround about / surroundingD · περικύκλῳadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπερικύκλῳ: meaning 'round about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνήματοςtombN3M GSN · μνῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμνῆμα: meaning 'tomb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπτωκότεςthose who had fallenVX · χαπνπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ πίπτω: meaning 'those who had fallen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαχαίρᾳswordN1A DSF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαίνοντεςthose going downV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'those going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπερίτμητοιuncircumcisedA1B NPM · ἀπερίτμητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπερίτμητος: meaning 'uncircumcised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βάθοςdepthN3E ASN · βάθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάθος: meaning 'depth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεδωκότεςhaving givenVX · χαπνπμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ δίδωμι: meaning 'having given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάβοσανlambanoVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'lambano'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσανονtormentN2 ASF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάσανος: meaning 'torment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαινόντωνgoing downV1 · παπγπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βόθρονpitN2 ASM · βόθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
25

ἐν μέσῳ τραυματιῶν

In the midst of the wounded,

The catalogue pauses over the wounded deadasyndeton
This short line functions like a hinge, keeping the focus on the common condition of those gathered below.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τραυματιῶνslain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26

ἐκεῖ ἐδόθησαν Μοσοχ καὶ Θοβελ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτῶν περικύκλῳ τοῦ μνήματος αὐτοῦ πάντες τραυματίαι αὐτοῦ πάντες ἀπερίτμητοι τραυματίαι ἀπὸ μαχαίρας οἱ δεδωκότες τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ζωῆς

there were given Meshech and Tubal and all their strength around his tomb, all his wounded, all uncircumcised, wounded by the sword, those who gave their terror upon the land of the living.

Meshech and Tubal are added to the grave-rollasyndeton
Another martial people is folded into the same pattern: tomb, sword-wounds, uncircumcision, and remembered terror.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδόθησανgiveVCI API3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΜοσοχMeshechN NS · Μοσοχnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜοσοχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΘοβελTubalN NS · Θοβελnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΘοβελ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περικύκλῳround about / surroundingD · περικύκλῳadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπερικύκλῳ: meaning 'round about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνήματοςtombN3M GSN · μνῆμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμνῆμα: meaning 'tomb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπερίτμητοιuncircumcisedA1B NPM · ἀπερίτμητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπερίτμητος: meaning 'uncircumcised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεδωκότεςhaving givenVX · χαπνπμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ δίδωμι: meaning 'having given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
27

καὶ ἐκοιμήθησαν μετὰ τῶν γιγάντων τῶν πεπτωκότων ἀπὸ αἰῶνος οἳ κατέβησαν εἰς ᾅδου ἐν ὅπλοις πολεμικοῖς καὶ ἔθηκαν τὰς μαχαίρας αὐτῶν ὑπὸ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐγενήθησαν αἱ ἀνομίαι αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῶν ὀστῶν αὐτῶν ὅτι ἐξεφόβησαν γίγαντας ἐν γῇ ζωῆς

And they slept with the giants who fell from of old, who went down into Hades with their weapons of war, and they placed their swords under their heads, and their lawless deeds came upon their bones, because they had terrified giants in the land of the living.

Ancient warriors lie with their weapons and guiltasyndeton
The scene lingers over war-burial imagery, yet even armed descent does not prevent judgment. Their weapons remain, but their lawlessness clings even to their bones.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθησανsleptVCI API3P · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοιμάω: meaning 'slept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γιγάντωνgiantsN3 GPM · γίγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγίγας: meaning 'giants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπτωκότωνfellVX · χαπγπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπγπμ πίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέβησανthey went downVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'they went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾅδουto HadesN1M GSM · ᾅδηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅπλοιςweaponsN2N DPN · ὅπλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολεμικοῖςwarlikeA1 DPN · πολεμικόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολεμικός: meaning 'warlike'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθηκανputVAI AAI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὰςhead / capitalN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθησανaroseVCI API3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'arose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαιanomiaN1A NPF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνομία: meaning 'anomia'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστῶνbonesN2N GPN · ὀστέονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεφόβησανthey terrifiedVAI AAI3P · φοβέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφοβέω + ἐκ: meaning 'they terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γίγανταςgiantsN3 APM · γίγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγίγας: meaning 'giants'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28

καὶ σὺ ἐν μέσῳ ἀπεριτμήτων κοιμηθήσῃ μετὰ τετραυματισμένων μαχαίρᾳ

And you shall lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with those wounded by the sword.

Pharaoh's own place among the uncircumcised is declaredasyndeton
The comparison now turns direct. Egypt cannot merely inspect the pit; it must take its place within it.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπεριτμήτωνuncircumcisedA1B GPM · ἀπερίτμητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπερίτμητος: meaning 'uncircumcised'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κοιμηθήσῃsleepVC FPI2S · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοιμάω: meaning 'sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τετραυματισμένωνthose woundedVT · χππγπμ τραυματίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππγπμ τραυματίζω: meaning 'those wounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαχαίρᾳswordN1A DSF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
29

ἐκεῖ ἐδόθησαν οἱ ἄρχοντες Ασσουρ οἱ δόντες τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτοῦ εἰς τραῦμα μαχαίρας οὗτοι μετὰ τραυματιῶν ἐκοιμήθησαν μετὰ καταβαινόντων εἰς βόθρον

There were given the rulers of Asshur, those who gave his strength over to the wound of the sword; these slept with the wounded, with those going down into the pit.

Rulers of Asshur lie with the woundedasyndeton
The catalogue narrows from peoples to princes, reinforcing that leadership and strength offer no exemption from the pit.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδόθησανgiveVCI API3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GS · Ασσουρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόντεςwho gaveVO · ααπνπμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ δίδωμι: meaning 'who gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τραῦμαNominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.N3M ASN · τραῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτραῦμα: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τραυματιῶνslain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκοιμήθησανsleptVCI API3P · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοιμάω: meaning 'slept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καταβαινόντωνgoing downV1 · παπγπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βόθρονpitN2 ASM · βόθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
30

ἐκεῖ οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ βορρᾶ πάντες στρατηγοὶ Ασσουρ οἱ καταβαίνοντες τραυματίαι σὺν τῷ φόβῳ αὐτῶν καὶ τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτῶν ἐκοιμήθησαν ἀπερίτμητοι μετὰ τραυματιῶν μαχαίρας καὶ ἀπήνεγκαν τὴν βάσανον αὐτῶν μετὰ τῶν καταβαινόντων εἰς βόθρον

There are the rulers of the north, all the generals of Asshur, those going down wounded, with their terror and with their strength; they slept uncircumcised with those wounded by the sword, and they bore their punishment with those going down into the pit.

Northern commanders bear terror and punishment togetherasyndeton
The northern rulers descend with both their strength and their shame. What they imposed on others accompanies them into death.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
στρατηγοὶgeneralN2 NPM · στρατηγόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GS · Ασσουρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαίνοντεςthose going downV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'those going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκοιμήθησανsleptVCI API3P · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοιμάω: meaning 'slept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπερίτμητοιuncircumcisedA1B NPM · ἀπερίτμητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπερίτμητος: meaning 'uncircumcised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τραυματιῶνslain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήνεγκανthey carriedVAI AAI3P · φέρω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + ἀπο: meaning 'they carried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσανονtormentN2 ASF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάσανος: meaning 'torment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαινόντωνgoing downV1 · παπγπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βόθρονpitN2 ASM · βόθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
31

ἐκείνους ὄψεται βασιλεὺς Φαραω καὶ παρακληθήσεται ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτῶν λέγει κύριος κύριος

Pharaoh the king shall see them and shall be comforted over all their strength, says the Lord GOD.

Pharaoh finds only bitter consolationasyndeton
The comfort offered here is grimly ironic. Pharaoh is consoled only because he sees that other mighty powers have already undergone the same humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐκείνουςthoseRD APM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκείνους: meaning 'those'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΦαραωPharaohN NSM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακληθήσεταιwill have compassion / relentVC FPI3S · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'will have compassion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
32

ὅτι δέδωκα τὸν φόβον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ γῆς ζωῆς καὶ κοιμηθήσεται ἐν μέσῳ ἀπεριτμήτων μετὰ τραυματιῶν μαχαίρας Φαραω καὶ πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος αὐτοῦ λέγει κύριος κύριος

For I have put his terror upon the land of the living, and he shall lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with those wounded by the sword, Pharaoh and all his multitude, says the Lord GOD.

It closes with Pharaoh numbered among the dead empiresasyndeton
The final explanation gathers the whole argument: the terror once cast on the land of the living returns upon Pharaoh, who now lies with the uncircumcised and the sword-slain.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέδωκαgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιμηθήσεταιwill lie downVC FPI3S · κοιμάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοιμάω: meaning 'will lie down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀπεριτμήτωνuncircumcisedA1B GPM · ἀπερίτμητοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπερίτμητος: meaning 'uncircumcised'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τραυματιῶνslain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΦαραωPharaohN NSM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.