Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Genesis, Chapter 27ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ ΚΖ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Chapter 27 narrates the stolen blessing: Jacob, coached by Rebekah, impersonates Esau before the blind patriarch Isaac and receives the irrevocable patriarchal blessing intended for the firstborn.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Genesis 27 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Chapter 27 narrates the stolen blessing: Jacob, coached by Rebekah, impersonates Esau before the blind patriarch Isaac and receives the irrevocable patriarchal blessing intended for the firstborn. The chapter's narrative vocabulary repays close attention. The savory dish (ἐδέσματα, vv.4, 7, 9, 14, 17, 31) renders Hebrew מַטְעַמִּים — 'delicacies / tasty foods'; the LXX consistently uses the plural neuter noun ἐδέσματα ('prepared foods, dainties') throughout the chapter, giving the deception a domestic culinary texture. The disguise rests on two props: Esau's best robe (τὴν στολὴν Ησαυ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου τὴν καλήν, 27:15) — στολή carries both the sense of 'garment' and the festive-honor register — and the kid-skins laid on Jacob's hands and neck to simulate Esau's hairiness (27:16). At 27:27 the olfactory trigger of the blessing is one of the chapter's most celebrated verses: ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ πλήρους, ὃν ηὐλόγησεν κύριος ('the fragrance of a full field which the LORD blessed') — the LXX rendering of Hebrew כְּרֵיחַ שָׂדֶה — preserves the blessing's grounding in the sensory world of agricultural abundance. The blessing itself at 27:28 employs the phrase ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς ('from the dew of heaven and from the fatness of the earth'), a liturgical formula with wide afterlife: the 'dew of heaven' became a standard image of divine blessing in Jewish and Christian liturgy, and πιότης ('richness, fatness') renders Hebrew מִשְׁמַנֵּי. At 27:34, Esau's great and bitter cry — ἀνεβόησεν φωνὴν μεγάλην καὶ πικράν ('he cried out with a great and bitter cry') — stands behind Heb 12:17, where the author states that Esau 'found no place of repentance (μετανοίας τόπον), though he sought it with tears.' The πικρά cry thus became the NT's paradigm of irrevocable loss. At 27:36, Esau's bitter pun turns on the name Ιακωβ: ἐπτέρνικεν γάρ με ἤδη δεύτερον ('he has heeled/tripped me now a second time') — the verb πτερνίζω, coined from πτέρνα ('heel'), directly glosses the Hebrew יַעְקֹב from עָקַב ('to supplant / trip by the heel'). At 27:41, ἐνεκότει ('bore a grudge against') renders Hebrew וַיִּשְׂטֹם, a verb of harbored hatred.

1

Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὸ γηρᾶσαι Ισαακ καὶ ἠμβλύνθησαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὁρᾶν, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ησαυ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν πρεσβύτερον καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Υἱέ. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ.

And it came to pass after Isaac had grown old and his eyes were dimmed so that he could not see, that he called Esau his elder son and said to him, 'My son.' And he said, 'Here I am.'

Narrative frame / scene-settingΚαὶ ἐγένετο
The chapter-opening καὶ ἐγένετο calques וַיְהִי, the standard LXX rendering of the narrative formula introducing a new scene. The blindness of Isaac (ἠμβλύνθησαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί) is the structural premise of the entire chapter: without it the deception is impossible. The articular infinitive τοῦ ὁρᾶν ('so as to see') marks the result/consequence. The father-son call-and-response (Υἱέ / Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ) echoes Gen 22:1 (Abraham/Isaac) and 22:7 (Isaac/Abraham), placing the blessing scene in the line of the Akedah.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
Καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastΚαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative framing formula)→ constative aorist (inaugurating new episode)γίνομαι: calques וַיְהִי; the standard LXX narrative-opener formula καὶ ἐγένετο introduces a new scene within the ancestral narrative.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'after the aging')→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'after the aging').
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γηρᾶσαιto have grown oldAor Act Inf · γηράσκωarticular infinitive after μετά (temporal)→ constative aorist (completed aging)γηράσκω: 'grow old'; renders Hebrew זָקֵן; the aging patriarch is a standard ancestral-narrative motif (cf. Gen 18:11; 24:1).
ΙσαακIsaacsubject of infinitive (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: LXX transliteration of Hebrew יִצְחָק (Yiṣḥāq = 'he laughs'), the son of Abraham and Sarah; indeclinable throughout the LXX.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (coordinate clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠμβλύνθησανwere dimmedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἀμβλύνωmain verb (state resulting from aging)→ ingressive aorist (onset of blindness)ἀμβλύνω: 'make blunt / dim'; used medically of eyesight; renders Hebrew כָּהָה ('grow faint / dim'); the passive voice marks the condition as something that happened to Isaac rather than his agency. The chapter's entire dramatic irony depends on this detail.
οἱtheNominativearticle (subject of passive verb)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesNominativesubject of ἠμβλύνθησαν→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; the dimming of the eyes of the patriarch is a theologically loaded detail — human blindness that becomes the occasion for the working of divine purpose (cf. Rom 9:10–13 on the Jacob/Esau election).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle with infinitive (genitive of result/purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρᾶνseePres Act Inf · ὁράωarticular infinitive of result ('so that he could not see')→ progressive (the capacity for ongoing sight)ὁράω: 'see / perceive'; the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ ὁρᾶν expresses the consequence of the dimming — a Hebraism of לִרְאוֹת.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενhe calledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb (narrative action)→ constative aorist (single summoning act)καλέω: 'call / summon'; renders Hebrew וַיִּקְרָא; the patriarch summons his son with the authority of the paternal blessing-rite.
ΗσαυEsaudirect object (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: LXX transliteration of Hebrew עֵשָׂו (ʿĒśāw); indeclinable; the elder twin whose birthright was sold to Jacob (Gen 25:29–34).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive article before υἱόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativedirect object (in apposition to Ησαυ)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; the double article τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν πρεσβύτερον emphasizes Esau's identity as firstborn son, establishing the legal weight of the blessing that follows.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship ('his son')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship ('his son').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with πρεσβύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτερονelderAccusativeattributive adjective ('his elder son')→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: comparative of πρέσβυς, 'elder / older'; renders Hebrew הַגָּדֹל ('the greater / firstborn'); the word underscores the legal primogeniture that the blessing was meant to confer.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: 'say'; the direct speech that follows is the patriarch's deathbed commission.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ΥἱέMy sonVocativevocative (address)→ direct addressυἱός / vocative: the simple paternal address 'Son' echoes the same call-and-response of Gen 22:7 (Isaac to Abraham: Πάτερ / Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ); the pattern frames the scene within the Akedah tradition.
the oneNominativearticle as demonstrative subject ('he')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandpost-positive connective (narrative continuation)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: mild adversative/continuative; the ὁ δέ construction ('and he') is the standard LXX means of switching subject in dialogue.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (response)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
Ἰδοὺherepresentative particle ('behold / here I am')→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: interjection calquing Hebrew הִנֵּה; in call-and-response contexts ἰδού + ἐγώ = 'here I am / at your service' — the standard obedient response to a superior's summons (Gen 22:1, 7, 11).
ἐγώINominativesubject pronoun (emphatic: 'here I am')→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as subject pronoun (emphatic: 'here I am').
2

καὶ εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ γεγήρακα καὶ οὐ γινώσκω τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς τελευτῆς μου·

And he said, 'Behold, I have grown old and do not know the day of my death.'

Elaboration (motivation for the commission)καὶ
Isaac gives his reason for the urgency of the blessing: advanced age and uncertainty about the day of death. The perfect γεγήρακα ('I have grown old and remain old') is the LXX's rendering of the Hebrew qatal זָקַנְתִּי; the Hebrew perfect and Greek perfect both express a present state resulting from a past event. οὐ γινώσκω τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς τελευτῆς — the idiom of not knowing one's death-day appears also in Gen 47:29 (Jacob's deathbed commission) and frames the patriarch's act as a race against death.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
Ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (attention-getter)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: calques הִנֵּה; here introduces a statement of present condition.
γεγήρακαI have grown oldPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · γηράσκωmain verb (stative perfect: 'I am now old')→ intensive perfect (present state: 'I am in my old age')γηράσκω: 'grow old'; the perfect tense renders Hebrew זָקַנְתִּי (qatal expressing present condition); the intensive perfect stresses the present state of advanced age rather than the point of becoming old.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegation→ participant referenceοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as negation.
γινώσκωI knowPres Act Indic 1 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (negated present: 'I do not know')→ gnomic / durative present (ongoing ignorance)γινώσκω: 'know'; renders יָדַעְתִּי; the claim of not knowing one's death-day is a rhetorical move to establish urgency — the patriarch must bless now.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (object marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayAccusativedirect object→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς τελευτῆς = 'the day of my death' — a Hebraism of יוֹם מוֹתִי.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle in genitive phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τελευτῆςdeathGenitivegenitive of definition ('the day, namely my death')→ relational specificationτελευτή: 'end / death'; a euphemism for death, standard in the LXX (Gen 47:29; Deut 31:14); renders Hebrew מוֹת.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
3

νῦν οὖν λαβὲ τὸ σκεῦός σου, τήν τε φαρέτραν καὶ τὸ τόξον, καὶ ἔξελθε εἰς τὸ πεδίον καὶ θήρευσόν μοι θήρευμα·

Now therefore, take your equipment — your quiver and your bow — and go out into the field and hunt me some game;

Inference / command (drawn from the urgency of death)νῦν οὖν
The inferential connective νῦν οὖν ('now therefore') links Isaac's stated mortality (v.2) to the imperative that follows. The verse is a series of four imperatives (λαβέ, ἔξελθε, θήρευσον, ποίησον) structured as preparation-commands. The figure etymologica θήρευσόν μοι θήρευμα ('hunt me a hunt') renders Hebrew וְצוּד לִי צַיִד, a Hebraism of the cognate-accusative type.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
νῦνnowtemporal adverb→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
οὖνthereforeinferential connective (drawing conclusion from v.2)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: 'therefore / then'; the νῦν οὖν combination ('now therefore') renders Hebrew עַתָּה, a standard discourse marker of logical consequence in LXX narrative.
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (imperative command)→ constative aorist imperative (single act: 'go and take')λαμβάνω: 'take'; the aorist imperative has punctiliar force — take now, as a discrete act.
τὸyourAccusativearticle (object marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεῦόςequipmentAccusativedirect object→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel / implement / equipment'; renders Hebrew כֵּלֶיךָ ('your weapons / gear'); the term is general and then specified by the apposition — quiver and bow.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τήνtheAccusativearticle (epexegetic apposition: 'namely, the quiver')→ noun-phrase markingτήν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεbothcorrelative particle (τε … καί = 'both … and')→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic correlative; with καί forms the 'both … and' pair listing the two hunting implements.
φαρέτρανquiverAccusativedirect object (first item of the pair)→ object specificationφαρέτρα: 'quiver' (container for arrows); renders Hebrew תְּלִי; the quiver and bow are the tools of the hunter-son, marking Esau's character (Gen 25:27: ἀνὴρ εἰδὼς κυνηγεῖν).
καὶandcorrelative conjunction (second of the τε … καί pair)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (object marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξονbowAccusativedirect object (second item: 'and the bow')→ object specificationτόξον: 'bow'; renders Hebrew קֶשֶׁת; together quiver and bow characterize Esau as the skilled archer-hunter.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing imperatives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔξελθεgo outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιimperative command (second in the series)→ constative aorist imperativeἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; renders Hebrew צֵא; the command to exit the camp for the open field sets the stage for Rebekah's intervention.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (directional: 'into the field')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (directional: 'into the field').
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίονfieldAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal of motion)→ object specificationπεδίον: 'plain / open field'; renders Hebrew שָׂדֶה; the same word recurs in the blessing of v.27 (ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ πλήρους).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήρευσόνhuntAor Act Impv 2 Sg · θηρεύωimperative command (third in the series)→ constative aorist imperativeθηρεύω: 'hunt / catch'; renders Hebrew צוּד; the cognate-accusative that follows (θήρευμα) is a Hebraism of the figure etymologica type.
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage ('hunt for me')→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage ('hunt for me').
θήρευμαgameAccusativecognate accusative (Hebraism: θηρεύω θήρευμα = 'hunt a hunt')→ object specificationθήρευμα: 'quarry / that which is hunted'; cognate with θηρεύω; the figura etymologica renders Hebrew צַיִד and will recur at 27:5, 30, 33.
4

καὶ ποίησόν μοι ἐδέσματα ὡς φιλῶ ἐγώ, καὶ ἔνεγκέ μοι ἵνα φάγω, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ σε ἡ ψυχή μου πρὶν ἀποθανεῖν με.

and make me savory food as I love, and bring it to me that I may eat, so that my soul may bless you before I die.

Continuation (completing the commission)καὶ
The purpose clause ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ σε ἡ ψυχή μου ('so that my soul may bless you') articulates the goal of the whole sequence. The phrase ἡ ψυχή μου as agent of blessing is a Hebraism of נַפְשִׁי ('my soul / my self / I myself'), expressing the totality of the patriarch's self in the blessing-act. The chapter's key term ἐδέσματα appears first here.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing imperative sequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησόνmakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωimperative command (fourth in the sequence)→ constative aorist imperativeποιέω: 'make / prepare'; renders Hebrew עֲשֵׂה; the culinary sense ('prepare food') is contextual.
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ἐδέσματαsavory foodAccusativedirect object→ object specificationἐδέσματα: plural neuter, from ἔδεσμα ('food / delicacy'), itself from ἐσθίω ('eat'); renders Hebrew מַטְעַמִּים ('tasty / savory dishes'); the word recurs at vv.7, 9, 14, 17, 31, giving the chapter a consistent culinary vocabulary that anchors the deception in the domestic sphere.
ὡςascomparative conjunction ('in the manner that')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιλῶI lovePres Act Indic 1 Sg · φιλέωverb in comparative clause ('as I love them')→ stative / durative present (ongoing preference)φιλέω: 'love / be fond of'; renders Hebrew אָהַבְתִּי ('I love / have loved'); used of parental food preference (cf. 25:28 where Isaac loves Esau partly because of the game he brings).
ἐγώINominativesubject pronoun (emphatic: '…as I myself love')→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as subject pronoun (emphatic: '…as I myself love').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνεγκέbringAor Act Impv 2 Sg · φέρωimperative command (fifth in the sequence)→ constative aorist imperativeφέρω (suppletive aorist ἤνεγκα / ἔνεγκε): 'bring / carry'; renders Hebrew הָבִיאָה.
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ἵναso thatsubordinating conjunction (purpose clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: purpose conjunction; introduces the immediate purpose of the bringing ('bring it to me so that I may eat').
φάγωI may eatAor Act Subjunc 1 Sg · ἐσθίωverb in purpose clause (subjunctive after ἵνα)→ constative aorist subjunctiveἐσθίω: 'eat'; the eating of the prepared meal is the ritual act that enables the blessing — the deathbed blessing in the ancestral narrative requires a meal (cf. 27:19, 25, 31).
ὅπωςso thatpurpose conjunction (final clause: the ultimate goal)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: purpose / result conjunction, like ἵνα but here marking the ultimate rather than the immediate purpose; renders Hebrew בַּעֲבוּר אֲשֶׁר.
εὐλογήσῃmay blessAor Act Subjunc 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb in purpose clause (subjunctive)→ constative aorist subjunctive (single blessing-act)εὐλογέω: 'bless / speak well of'; renders Hebrew וּתְבָרֶכְךָ; the patriarchal blessing (εὐλογία) is the chapter's controlling motif — the word occurs more than twenty times in Gen 27 LXX.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of εὐλογήσῃ→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of εὐλογήσῃ.
theNominativearticle (subject marker)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulNominativesubject of εὐλογήσῃ→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / self'; ἡ ψυχή μου as agent of blessing is a Hebraism of נַפְשִׁי, expressing the totality of the self; cf. the same idiom in v.19, 25, 31.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession ('my soul')→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession ('my soul').
πρὶνbeforetemporal conjunction ('before I die')→ discourse linkage or contrastπρίν: 'before'; temporal conjunction introducing the negative limit — the blessing must come before death; renders Hebrew בְּטֶרֶם.
ἀποθανεῖνI dieAor Act Inf · ἀποθνήσκωinfinitive after πρίν (temporal: 'before dying')→ constative aorist (the single event of death)ἀποθνήσκω: 'die'; the urgency of the blessing is framed by the imminence of death — a motif that runs through all the patriarchal deathbed scenes (Gen 47:29; 48:1–2; 49:1).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
5

Ρεβεκκα δὲ ἤκουσεν λαλοῦντος Ισαακ πρὸς Ησαυ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ· ἐπορεύθη δὲ Ησαυ εἰς τὸ πεδίον θηρεῦσαι θήρευμα τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ.

Now Rebekah heard when Isaac spoke to his son Esau; and Esau went into the field to hunt game for his father.

Narrative aside (introducing the eavesdropper)δέ
The post-positive δέ marks a new narrative perspective — from Isaac's private commissioning to Rebekah's observation of it. The verse is the hinge that turns the chapter from Isaac's intent to Rebekah's counter-plan. The perfect symmetry of hearing (ἤκουσεν) and going (ἐπορεύθη) sets up the race: as Esau departs to hunt, Rebekah acts. The cognate accusative θηρεῦσαι θήρευμα echoes v.3.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ΡεβεκκαRebekahNominativesubject (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡεβεκκα: LXX transliteration of Hebrew רִבְקָה (Ribqāh); indeclinable; the wife of Isaac and mother of Esau and Jacob, whom Gen 25:28 has already established as loving Jacob.
δὲnowpost-positive connective (new narrative perspective)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: mild adversative/continuative; marks the shift of focus from Isaac-and-Esau to Rebekah.
ἤκουσενheardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb→ constative aorist (single act of overhearing)ἀκούω: 'hear'; with genitive participle (λαλοῦντος) = 'heard X speaking'; the genitive construction indicates indirect hearing.
λαλοῦντοςspeakingPres Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · λαλέωgenitive absolute / genitive participle after ἀκούω ('heard him speaking')→ progressive (ongoing speech overheard)λαλέω: 'speak'; the genitive participle after ἀκούω is the standard LXX construction for hearing someone speak.
ΙσαακIsaacGenitivegenitive subject of participle (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive subject of participle (proper name, indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΗσαυEsauobject of πρός (addressee of speech)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (addressee of speech).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ησαυ→ object specificationυἱὸν: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative in apposition to Ησαυ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἐπορεύθηwentAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (second clause: Esau's departure)→ constative aorist (single completed departure)πορεύομαι: 'go / travel'; the simultaneous departure of Esau creates the dramatic window in which Rebekah must act.
δὲandpost-positive connective (second clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσαυEsausubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal of motion)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of motion).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίονfieldAccusativeobject of εἰς→ object specificationπεδίον: 'open field / plain'; the same word as in v.3; Esau's element.
θηρεῦσαιto huntAor Act Inf · θηρεύωinfinitive of purpose ('in order to hunt')→ constative aorist infinitiveθηρεύω: 'hunt'; infinitive of purpose echoing the command of v.3.
θήρευμαgameAccusativecognate accusative (Hebraism)→ object specificationθήρευμα: cognate object; the figura etymologica (θηρεῦσαι θήρευμα) is a calque of the Hebrew and marks the narrator's repetition of Isaac's command.
τῷforDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὶfatherDativedative of advantage ('for his father')→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: 'father'; dative of advantage — the hunt is for the father's benefit.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
6

Ρεβεκκα δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς Ιακωβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν ἐλάσσονα λέγουσα Ἰδοὺ ἤκουσα τοῦ πατρός σου λαλοῦντος πρὸς Ησαυ τὸν ἀδελφόν σου λέγοντος

And Rebekah said to her younger son Jacob, 'Behold, I heard your father speaking to your brother Esau, saying,

Narrative transition (Rebekah reports to Jacob)δέ
The verse introduces Rebekah's direct address to Jacob, identifying him as the younger son (τὸν ἐλάσσονα). The redundant participial construction εἶπεν … λέγουσα … λέγοντος (she said, saying, saying) is a Hebraism of triple אמר; the LXX often preserves such stacked speech-introductions that would be ellided in idiomatic Greek. The speech is broken mid-verse; v.7 supplies its content.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ΡεβεκκαRebekahNominativesubject→ participant identificationΡεβεκκα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΙακωβJacobobject of πρός (addressee, proper name indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: LXX transliteration of Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōb = 'he supplants / grabs by the heel'); the name-etymology is explicitly glossed at 27:36.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ιακωβ→ object specificationυἱὸν: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative in apposition to Ιακωβ.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλάσσοναyoungerAccusativeattributive adjective ('the younger son')→ object specificationἐλάσσων: comparative of μικρός, 'smaller / younger'; renders Hebrew הַקָּטָן ('the smaller / younger'); identifies Jacob in contrast to Esau τὸν πρεσβύτερον (v.1).
λέγουσαsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · λέγωsupplementary participle (redundant speech-introduction — Hebraism)→ progressiveλέγω: the triple εἶπεν … λέγουσα … λέγοντος ('said … saying … saying') is a Hebrew-style redundant participial construction.
Ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: calques הִנֵּה; introduces Rebekah's quotation of what she heard.
ἤκουσαI heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (within direct speech)→ constative aorist (single completed act of overhearing)ἀκούω: the first-person report confirms v.5's third-person narration of the same overhearing.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (genitive subject of participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive subject of λαλοῦντος→ relational specificationπατρός: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive subject of λαλοῦντος.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
λαλοῦντοςspeakingPres Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · λαλέωgenitive participle after ἤκουσα→ progressive (ongoing speech overheard)λαλέω: meaning 'speaking'; it contributes descriptive or attendant verbal force; here it functions as genitive participle after ἤκουσα.
πρὸςtopreposition (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition (addressee).
ΗσαυEsauobject of πρός→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ησαυ→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; Rebekah frames Esau as Jacob's brother — the familial relationship that makes the deception both possible and morally fraught.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
λέγοντοςsayingPres Act Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · λέγωgenitive participle (third speech-introduction, Hebraism)→ progressiveλέγω: meaning 'saying'; it contributes descriptive or attendant verbal force; here it functions as genitive participle (third speech-introduction, Hebraism).
7

Ἔνεγκέ μοι θήρευμα καὶ ποίησόν μοι ἐδέσματα καὶ φάγω καὶ εὐλογήσω σε ἐναντίον κυρίου πρὸ τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν με.

'Bring me game and make me savory food, and I will eat and bless you before the LORD before I die.'

Embedded quotation (Isaac's words as reported by Rebekah)asyndeton
Rebekah's quotation of Isaac adds one element not in the original: ἐναντίον κυρίου ('before the LORD'). In Isaac's original commission (vv.3–4) there was no mention of the LORD. Rebekah — or the LXX translator — elevates the blessing to a divine speech-act, adding theological weight and perhaps hinting at the irrevocability that Isaac will confirm at v.33.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἜνεγκέbringAor Act Impv 2 Sg · φέρωimperative (embedded quotation of Isaac's command)→ constative aorist imperativeφέρω: the quoted imperative from v.4 is slightly reordered — game first, then food — matching the hunt-then-cook sequence.
μοιmeDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
θήρευμαgameAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθήρευμα: meaning 'game'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησόνmakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ποιέωimperative command→ constative aorist imperativeποιέω (aor. impv. ποίησον): 'do, carry out'; see v. 10; 'do to me' — her astonishing consent; the accent reflects the enclitic μοι; the same verb describes the vow's execution in v. 39 (ἐποίησεν … τὴν εὐχήν).
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ἐδέσματαsavory foodAccusativedirect object→ object specificationἐδέσματα: second occurrence of the chapter's key culinary term; see note at v.4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (asyndeton broken)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγωI will eatAor Act Subjunc 1 Sg · ἐσθίωhortatory / volitional subjunctive ('and I will eat')→ constative aorist subjunctive (single eating-act)ἐσθίω: the subjunctive after καί can have a volitional / result force (a Hebraism of the waw-consecutive + imperfect pattern).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογήσωI will blessAor Act Subjunc 1 Sg · εὐλογέωhortatory subjunctive (sequential result: 'and bless you')→ constative aorist subjunctiveεὐλογέω: 'bless'; the blessing is presented as the goal of the entire preparation sequence.
σεyouAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive (locative / coram: 'in the presence of')→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the phrase ἐναντίον κυρίου adds the divine witness to the blessing — an element not in Isaac's original commission (v.4), possibly Rebekah's editorial insertion or the translator's addition to heighten the solemnity.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive after ἐναντίον→ relational specificationκύριος: LXX rendering of יהוה; the blessing-before-the-LORD formula makes it a covenantal oath-act.
πρὸbeforepreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποθανεῖνI dieAor Act Inf · ἀποθνήσκωarticular infinitive after πρό (temporal: 'before my dying')→ constative aoristἀποθνήσκω: echoes v.4; the double reference to death (vv.4, 7) frames the urgency of the whole deception-plot.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
8

νῦν οὖν, υἱέ, ἄκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς καθότι ἐγώ σοι ἐντέλλομαι·

Now therefore, my son, listen to my voice in what I command you.

Inference / command (Rebekah draws her conclusion and issues her directive)νῦν οὖν
Rebekah uses the same inferential opener (νῦν οὖν) as Isaac used in v.3, signaling that her counter-plan is structurally parallel to Isaac's commission. The command ἄκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς ('listen to my voice') echoes the standard covenantal obedience formula of the OT (Gen 22:18; 26:5; Exod 15:26), framing Rebekah's instruction with quasi-covenantal authority. The vocative υἱέ underlines the maternal relationship.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
νῦνnowtemporal adverb→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
οὖνthereforeinferential connective→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: echoes v.3 — Rebekah deliberately mirrors Isaac's rhetorical structure with her own counter-commission.
υἱέmy sonVocativevocative (address)→ direct addressυἱός / vocative: maternal address, echoing Isaac's Υἱέ in v.1.
ἄκουσόνhearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀκούωimperative command (obedience formula)→ constative aorist imperativeἀκούω: 'hear / obey'; ἄκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς = 'listen to my voice'; this phrase is the LXX's standard obedience formula (שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי), used for covenantal commands (Gen 22:18; 26:5).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with φωνῆς)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with φωνῆς).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of ἄκουσόν (Hebraism: 'listen to my voice')→ relational specificationφωνή: 'voice'; the genitive object of ἀκούω follows Hebrew שָׁמַע בְּקֹל, 'to hear/obey someone's voice'; the idiom recurs at vv.13, 43.
καθότιas / in the manner thatsubordinating conjunction ('according as I command you')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθότι: 'inasmuch as / as / according as'; an LXX conjunction rendering Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר or similar.
ἐγώINominativesubject pronoun (emphatic: 'as I myself command you')→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as subject pronoun (emphatic: 'as I myself command you').
σοιyouDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ἐντέλλομαιI commandPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (in subordinate clause)→ futuristic present / authoritative present ('what I am commanding you')ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; renders Hebrew צִוָּה or אָצַו; the verb's authority-register elevates Rebekah's instruction to the level of a divine-like charge.
9

πορευθεὶς εἰς τὰ πρόβατα λαβέ μοι ἐκεῖθεν δύο ἐρίφους ἁπαλούς, καὶ ποιήσω αὐτοὺς ἐδέσματα τῷ πατρί σου ὡς φιλεῖ·

Go to the sheep and take me from there two tender kids, and I will make them savory food for your father as he loves;

Instruction (Rebekah's substitute plan, first step)asyndeton
Rebekah substitutes domestic animals (ἐρίφους, kids) for the hunted game. The substitution is practical — she controls the flock — but also signals that the whole deception will operate within the domestic space she manages. The phrase ὡς φιλεῖ ('as he loves') echoes Isaac's own words (v.4: ὡς φιλῶ ἐγώ), showing Rebekah's precise aim to replicate the conditions of the original commission.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πορευθεὶςgoingAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πορεύομαιattendant circumstance participle ('go and take')→ constative aorist (prior act to the main command)πορεύομαι: deponent; the aorist participle of attendant circumstance expresses action simultaneous with or preliminary to the main verb.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal of motion)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of motion).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόβαταsheepAccusativeobject of εἰς (the flock)→ object specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep / small cattle'; renders Hebrew הַצֹּאן; collectively the flock; Rebekah directs Jacob to the resource she controls.
λαβέtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωimperative command (main verb of the instruction)→ constative aorist imperativeλαμβάνω: 'take / fetch'; the command to take from the flock mirrors Isaac's command to go to the field.
μοιmeDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place ('from the flock')→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'; specifies the source of the kids.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (quantifying ἐρίφους)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; two kids are required — one for the meal and implicitly one for the skins used in the disguise (v.16).
ἐρίφουςkidsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationἔριφος: 'young goat / kid'; renders Hebrew גְּדָיֵי עִזִּים ('kids of the goats'); the animal whose skins will be used for Jacob's disguise (v.16).
ἁπαλούςtenderAccusativeattributive adjective (quality suitable for cooking)→ object specificationἁπαλός: 'tender / soft'; renders Hebrew רַכִּים; young goats are tender both as food and for their soft skins — the same word serves both culinary and disguise purposes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωI will makeFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (Rebekah's promise to prepare the food)→ predictive futureποιέω: 'make / prepare'; Rebekah takes on the cooking herself — the task that in the original commission was Esau's.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (the kids)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the kids).
ἐδέσματαsavory foodAccusativepredicate accusative ('make them into savory food')→ object specificationἐδέσματα: third occurrence; see v.4.
τῷforDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίfatherDativedative of advantage→ sphere or referenceπατρί: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative of advantage.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ὡςascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φιλεῖhe lovesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · φιλέωverb in comparative clause ('as he loves')→ stative / durative present (his ongoing taste-preference)φιλέω: echoes v.4 (ὡς φιλῶ ἐγώ); Rebekah uses Isaac's own criterion to validate her substitute plan.
10

καὶ εἰσοίσεις τῷ πατρί σου καὶ φάγεται, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ σε ὁ πατήρ σου πρὸ τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν αὐτόν.

and you shall bring it to your father, and he will eat, so that your father may bless you before he dies.

Continuation / goal (completing Rebekah's plan)καὶ
The verse completes Rebekah's parallel commission: the same structure as vv.3–4 (bring / eat / bless / before death) is reproduced, but now with Jacob as the intended recipient of the blessing. The substitution is now fully articulated: all the same ritual conditions are in place, but the wrong son will receive the blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσοίσειςyou will bringFut Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb (predictive / instructional future)→ predictive future (Rebekah's plan for Jacob)εἰσφέρω: 'bring in / carry in'; renders Hebrew וְהֵבֵאתָ; the prefixed εἰσ- emphasizes the bringing inside to the father's presence.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίfatherDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατρί: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγεταιhe will eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (predictive future: the expected eating)→ predictive futureἐσθίω: 'eat'; the eating triggers the blessing; the same sequence as in v.4 (φάγω → εὐλογήσω).
ὅπωςso thatpurpose conjunction (final clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογήσῃmay blessAor Act Subjunc 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb in purpose clause→ constative aorist subjunctiveεὐλογέω: 'bless'; the blessing — ὁ πατήρ σου ('your father') — is now explicitly directed to Jacob rather than Esau.
σεyouAccusativedirect object (Jacob as the intended blessed)→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (Jacob as the intended blessed).
theNominativearticle (subject marker)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherNominativesubject of εὐλογήσῃ→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as subject of εὐλογήσῃ.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
πρὸbeforepreposition + articular infinitive (temporal limit)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal limit).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποθανεῖνhe diesAor Act Inf · ἀποθνήσκωarticular infinitive after πρό (temporal)→ constative aoristἀποθνήσκω: meaning 'he dies'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive after πρό (temporal).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
11

εἶπεν δὲ Ιακωβ πρὸς Ρεβεκκαν τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ Ησαυ ὁ ἀδελφός μου ἀνὴρ δασύς, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀνὴρ λεῖος·

But Jacob said to his mother Rebekah, 'Esau my brother is a hairy man, but I am a smooth man;'

Objection (Jacob raises the physical obstacle)δέ
Jacob's objection focuses on the tactile contrast between the brothers: Ησαυ … δασύς ('hairy') vs. ἐγὼ … λεῖος ('smooth'). The word pair δασύς/λεῖος renders Hebrew שָׂעִיר/חָלָק and is the physical basis of the entire disguise-plan. In Gen 25:25 Esau's hairiness at birth was already noted; here it becomes the crux of the practical problem Jacob raises. The objection is not moral but prudential.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲbutpost-positive mild adversative (Jacob responds)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙακωβJacobsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΡεβεκκανRebekahAccusativeobject of πρός (proper name, indeclinable in form but with acc. article)→ participant identificationΡεβεκκαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (proper name, indeclinable in form but with acc. article).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherAccusativeapposition to Ρεβεκκαν→ object specificationμήτηρ: 'mother'; the explicit identification underlines the family dynamics.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΗσαυEsausubject of first predicate clause (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of first predicate clause (proper name).
theNominativearticle (appositive with ἀδελφός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόςbrotherNominativenominative in apposition to Ησαυ→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as nominative in apposition to Ησαυ.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀνὴρa manNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; ἀνὴρ δασύς = 'a hairy man'; predicate of nominal sentence without copula (Hebraism).
δασύςhairyNominativepredicate adjective→ participant prominenceδασύς: 'hairy / shaggy / thick'; renders Hebrew שָׂעִיר; the same root gives Esau his other name Seir (שֵׂעִיר), and the region Seir/Edom where his descendants settled.
ἐγὼINominativesubject of second predicate clause (emphatic contrast)→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as subject of second predicate clause (emphatic contrast).
δὲbutpost-positive adversative (ἐγὼ δέ = 'but I')→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρa manNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceἀνὴρ: meaning 'a man'; it serves as predicate nominative.
λεῖοςsmoothNominativepredicate adjective (antonym of δασύς)→ participant prominenceλεῖος: 'smooth / plain'; renders Hebrew חָלָק; the physical contrast is the practical obstacle that Rebekah's kid-skin plan must overcome. λεῖος was also used metaphorically in Greek for 'smooth-tongued / flattering' — a possible double meaning not lost on ancient readers.
12

μήποτε ψηλαφήσῃ με ὁ πατήρ μου, καὶ ἔσομαι ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ὡς καταφρονῶν, καὶ ἐπάξω ἐπ᾿ ἐμαυτὸν κατάραν καὶ οὐκ εὐλογίαν.

Perhaps my father will feel me, and I shall appear to him as a deceiver, and I will bring a curse upon myself and not a blessing.

Objection continued (Jacob's fear of exposure and cursing)μήποτε
Jacob's concern is not moral but consequentialist: the risk of being detected (ψηλαφήσῃ) and of receiving a curse instead of a blessing. The verb ψηλαφάω ('feel / grope / touch') anticipates the tactile examination of v.22. Jacob's fear precisely identifies the mechanism that the kid-skin deception must defeat. The antithesis κατάραν / εὐλογίαν ('curse / blessing') is the chapter's central theological binary.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
μήποτεlest perhapsnegative purpose / apprehensive particle ('perhaps … and then')→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: 'lest / perhaps'; introduces a feared possibility; renders Hebrew פֶּן ('lest').
ψηλαφήσῃfeelAor Act Subjunc 3 Sg · ψηλαφάωverb in apprehensive clause (subjunctive after μήποτε)→ constative aorist subjunctive (feared single act)ψηλαφάω: 'feel / grope / touch with the hands'; renders Hebrew יְמֻשֵּׁנִי; the same verb recurs at v.21 when Isaac actually demands the tactile examination, making Jacob's fear a self-fulfilling prophecy.
μεmeAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherNominativesubject→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as subject.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandconsecutive conjunction ('and as a result')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσομαιI will beFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (feared result)→ predictive futureεἰμί: copula; the feared consequence of detection.
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive ('in his eyes / in his estimation')→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: 'before / in the sight of'; here = 'in his eyes / in his estimation'.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive after ἐναντίον→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive after ἐναντίον.
ὡςascomparative conjunction ('as if I were')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφρονῶνone who mocksPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · καταφρονέωpredicate participle in comparison ('like a mocker / deceiver')→ progressive (characterizing ongoing attitude)καταφρονέω: 'despise / treat with contempt / mock'; renders Hebrew מְתַעְתֵּעַ ('one who mocks / makes a fool'); Jacob fears he will appear to his father as someone treating him with contempt — the word carries a moral charge beyond mere 'deceiver.'
καὶandconsecutive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάξωI will bringFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐπάγωmain verb (further feared consequence)→ predictive futureἐπάγω: 'bring upon'; ἐπάγω ἐπ᾿ ἐμαυτόν = 'bring upon myself'; renders Hebrew וְהֵבֵאתִי.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (object of the bringing)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (object of the bringing).
ἐμαυτὸνmyselfAccusativereflexive pronoun (object of ἐπ᾿)→ participant referenceἐμαυτὸν: meaning 'myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as reflexive pronoun (object of ἐπ᾿).
κατάρανa curseAccusativedirect object→ object specificationκατάρα: 'curse'; renders Hebrew קְלָלָה; the antithesis κατάρα/εὐλογία is the theological binary of Deut 11:26; 28:2, 15 and is the chapter's central tension.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (antithetical)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegation→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὐλογίανa blessingAccusativedirect object (negated antithesis)→ object specificationεὐλογία: 'blessing'; renders Hebrew בְּרָכָה; the chapter's controlling noun — Jacob fears he will receive the opposite of what he came for.
13

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ Ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἡ κατάρα σου, τέκνον· μόνον ὑπάκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς καὶ πορευθεὶς ἔνεγκέ μοι.

But his mother said to him, 'Upon me be your curse, my child; only obey my voice, and go and bring me the things I said.'

Response (Rebekah assumes full moral responsibility)δέ
Rebekah's assumption of the curse — Ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἡ κατάρα σου — is one of the chapter's most dramatic moments. She takes on herself the consequence Jacob fears, removing his last objection. The phrase is structurally parallel to the self-imprecations of covenant-oaths and resonates with the maternal self-sacrifice motif. The command chain continues: ὑπάκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς … πορευθεὶς ἔνεγκέ μοι.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲbutpost-positive adversative→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherNominativesubject→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as subject.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
Ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (curse-formula)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'upon me'; the preposition marks the person who receives the consequence — a Hebraism of עָלַי ('upon me').
ἐμὲmeAccusativeobject of ἐπί (emphatic self-substitution)→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as object of ἐπί (emphatic self-substitution).
theNominativearticle (subject of verbless clause)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάραcurseNominativesubject of implied εἴη ('may the curse be')→ participant prominenceκατάρα: Rebekah takes Jacob's feared curse onto herself — a bold maternal self-substitution; echoes the curse/blessing binary of v.12.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of source ('the curse that would come upon you')→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of source ('the curse that would come upon you').
τέκνονchildVocativevocative (maternal address)→ direct addressτέκνον: 'child'; a warmer, more intimate address than υἱέ — reflects the mother's emotional investment.
μόνονonlyrestrictive adverb ('only / just')→ clausal contributionμόνον: 'only'; introduces the single remaining condition — simple obedience.
ὑπάκουσόνobeyAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ὑπακούωimperative command→ constative aorist imperativeὑπακούω: 'obey / listen under authority'; a stronger word than ἀκούω (v.8) — 'obey' rather than merely 'hear'; renders Hebrew שְׁמַע.
μουmyGenitivegenitive (with φωνῆς)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive (with φωνῆς).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of ὑπάκουσόν→ relational specificationφωνή: echoes the obedience formula of v.8; hearing/obeying the voice is the covenantal idiom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορευθεὶςgoingAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πορεύομαιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'going'; it contributes descriptive or attendant verbal force; here it functions as attendant circumstance participle.
ἔνεγκέbringAor Act Impv 2 Sg · φέρωimperative command (main instruction)→ constative aorist imperativeφέρω: 'bring'; the same verb as in vv.4, 7, 10 — the command-chain that has run through the whole section.
μοιmeDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
14

πορευθεὶς δὲ ἔλαβεν καὶ ἤνεγκεν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐποίησεν ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ ἐδέσματα καθὰ ἐφίλει ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ.

So he went and took them and brought them to his mother; and his mother made savory food as his father loved.

Execution report (Jacob obeys; Rebekah prepares)δέ
The verse is the execution of the plan: Jacob's obedience (πορευθεὶς ἔλαβεν καὶ ἤνεγκεν) is recorded in three rapid aorists. Rebekah then fulfils her own promise (v.9: ποιήσω): she makes the ἐδέσματα. The phrase καθὰ ἐφίλει ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ('as his father loved') echoes vv.4 and 9, completing the triangle of preparation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πορευθεὶςgoingAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · πορεύομαιattendant circumstance participle→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'going'; it contributes descriptive or attendant verbal force; here it functions as attendant circumstance participle.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενhe tookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (first action)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; rapid narrative aorist — the three verbs ἔλαβεν, ἤνεγκεν, ἐποίησεν drive the preparations forward at pace.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνεγκενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φέρωmain verb (second action)→ constative aoristφέρω: 'bring'; Jacob fulfils both the participle (πορευθείς) and the imperative (ἔνεγκέ) of v.13.
τῇtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὶmotherDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceμητρὶ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (third action: Rebekah's cooking)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make / prepare'; Rebekah executes her own promise (v.9).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherNominativesubject (new subject of second clause)→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as subject (new subject of second clause).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἐδέσματαsavory foodAccusativedirect object→ object specificationἐδέσματα: fourth occurrence of the chapter's key culinary term.
καθὰascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὰ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφίλειhe lovedImperf Act Indic 3 Sg · φιλέωverb in comparative clause→ iterative imperfect ('as he habitually loved')φιλέω: the imperfect here stresses habitual preference — not just on this occasion but as a standing culinary taste; contrasts with the aorists of the rapid preparation sequence.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of ἐφίλει→ participant prominenceπατὴρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as subject of ἐφίλει.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
15

καὶ λαβοῦσα Ρεβεκκα τὴν στολὴν Ησαυ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου τὴν καλήν, ἣ ἦν παρ᾿ αὐτῇ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ, ἐνέδυσεν Ιακωβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν νεώτερον·

Then Rebekah took the fine garment of her elder son Esau, which she had with her in the house, and put it on her younger son Jacob;

Continuation (second element of the disguise preparation)καὶ
The στολή ('robe / garment') is the olfactory key to the blessing: Isaac will smell it at v.27. The adjective τὴν καλήν ('the fine / beautiful one') signals that this is a ceremonial robe kept at home — Esau's best garment, associated with his identity and status. The relative clause ἣ ἦν παρ᾿ αὐτῇ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ emphasizes Rebekah's domestic access and control over the household resources.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβοῦσαtakingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · λαμβάνωattendant circumstance participle (prior action to ἐνέδυσεν)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; the series of aorist participles (λαβοῦσα … ἐνέδυσεν) is Rebekah's rapid execution of the costume plan.
ΡεβεκκαRebekahNominativesubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΡεβεκκα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (object marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνgarmentAccusativedirect object→ object specificationστολή: 'robe / festive garment / dress'; renders Hebrew בִּגְדֵי חֶמְדֹּת ('clothes of desire / best clothes'); the στολή is both practical (its smell triggers the blessing, v.27) and symbolic (it represents Esau's identity, status, and the firstborn's honor).
ΗσαυEsaugenitive of possession (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name, indeclinable).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive of apposition to Ησαυ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ησαυ→ relational specificationυἱοῦ: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Ησαυ.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship (Rebekah's elder son)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Rebekah's elder son).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουelderGenitiveattributive adjective→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; the title that carries the weight of the firstborn's entitlement, placed here to underscore what Jacob is about to steal.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (second attributive position with καλήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλήνfineAccusativeattributive adjective (qualifying στολήν)→ object specificationκαλός: 'fine / beautiful / good'; the best robe, kept indoors by the mother — implying it is a ceremonial garment not used for daily hunting.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of relative clause)→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (subject of relative clause).
ἦνwasImperf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of relative clause (stative imperfect)→ durative imperfect (location as ongoing state)εἰμί: 'be'; παρ᾿ αὐτῇ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ = 'with her in the house'; Rebekah's custody of the garment is the material basis of the plan.
παρ᾿withpreposition + dative (possession / location: 'in her keeping')→ spatial or relational framingπαρ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (possession / location: 'in her keeping').
αὐτῇherDativedative after παρά→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative after παρά.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; the garment belongs to the domestic sphere that Rebekah controls.
ἐνέδυσενclothedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐνδύωmain verb (Rebekah dresses Jacob)→ constative aorist (single act of clothing)ἐνδύω: 'put on / clothe'; renders Hebrew וַתַּלְבֵּשׁ; Rebekah acts as the agent of Jacob's transformation — she is the active subject of the disguise.
ΙακωβJacobdirect object (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object (proper name, indeclinable).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeapposition to Ιακωβ→ object specificationυἱὸν: meaning 'son'; it serves as apposition to Ιακωβ.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεώτερονyoungerAccusativeattributive adjective (Jacob as the younger)→ object specificationνεώτερος: comparative of νέος, 'younger'; the pairing of τὸν πρεσβύτερον (Esau) and τὸν νεώτερον (Jacob) is the chapter's structural irony: the younger is wearing the elder's garment.
16

καὶ τὰ δέρματα τῶν ἐρίφων περιέθηκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς βραχίονας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ λεῖα τοῦ τραχήλου αὐτοῦ·

and she put the skins of the kids upon his arms and upon the smooth part of his neck;

Continuation (third element of the disguise)καὶ
The kid-skins address the tactile problem Jacob identified in v.11: his smooth hands vs. Esau's hairy ones. The phrase τὰ λεῖα τοῦ τραχήλου ('the smooth part of the neck') directly echoes λεῖος of v.11, linking the plan to its articulated obstacle. The skins are placed on arms (βραχίονας) and neck — exactly the parts Isaac will touch in v.22.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (object marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρματαskinsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationδέρμα: 'skin / hide'; renders Hebrew עֹרֹת ('hides / pelts'); the kid-skins are the tactile element of the disguise — addressing the physical distinction between smooth Jacob and hairy Esau.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive of source)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρίφωνkidsGenitivegenitive of source ('skins from the kids')→ relational specificationἔριφος: the same goats taken in v.9; their skins now serve the disguise purpose — both their tenderness (ἁπαλοί, v.9) and their slight hairiness mimic Esau's skin.
περιέθηκενshe placed aroundAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιτίθημιmain verb (wrapping the skins on Jacob)→ constative aoristπεριτίθημι: 'place around / wrap around'; the περι- prefix underlines the thorough covering of the smooth skin with the kid-hides.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (location: 'on his arms')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location: 'on his arms').
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναςarmsAccusativeobject of ἐπί (body part covered)→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm / forearm'; renders Hebrew יָדָיו ('his hands'); the tactile area that Isaac will feel (v.22).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (second body part)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (second body part).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λεῖαsmooth partsAccusativeobject of ἐπί (the substantivized adjective: 'the smooth parts')→ object specificationλεῖος: 'smooth'; here substantivized as τὰ λεῖα ('the smooth places / parts'); directly echoes Jacob's self-description in v.11 (ἀνὴρ λεῖος) — the plan directly addresses the identified vulnerability.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive of body part)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραχήλουneckGenitivegenitive specifying which smooth parts→ relational specificationτράχηλος: 'neck / throat'; renders Hebrew צַוָּארָיו; the neck is exposed when one bows for a kiss — exactly the gesture Isaac will request in v.26 (φίλησόν με).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
17

καὶ ἔδωκεν τὰ ἐδέσματα καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους οὓς ἐποίησεν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας Ιακωβ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς.

And she gave the savory food and the bread she had made into the hands of her son Jacob.

Completion (handing over the prepared meal)καὶ
The verse closes the preparation scene: food in hand, disguise in place, Jacob is ready. The phrase εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ('into the hands') is a Hebraism of בְּיַד, emphasizing agency and transfer. The hands that receive the food are the same hands covered with kid-skins — the disguise and the meal are now united in Jacob's person.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the act of handing over formally commissions Jacob to proceed with the deception.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐδέσματαsavory foodAccusativedirect object (first item)→ object specificationἐδέσματα: fifth occurrence; the chapter's key culinary term.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτουςbreadAccusativedirect object (second item)→ object specificationἄρτος: 'bread / loaf'; the addition of bread to the savory dish completes the meal — the full deathbed feast.
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν in relative clause)→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν in relative clause).
ἐποίησενshe had madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of relative clause→ constative aorist (Rebekah's completed preparation)ποιέω: 'make / prepare'; relative clause identifying Rebekah as the maker.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal: 'into the hands')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal: 'into the hands').
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeobject of εἰς (Hebraism: εἰς τὰς χεῖρας = 'into the hands of')→ object specificationχείρ: 'hand'; εἰς τὰς χεῖρας renders Hebrew בְּיַד — the hands into which the food is placed are the disguised hands of v.16.
ΙακωβJacobgenitive of possession (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name, indeclinable).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιακωβ→ relational specificationυἱοῦ: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Ιακωβ.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
18

καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ. εἶπεν δέ Πάτερ. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Τί ἐστι, τέκνον;

And he brought it to his father. And he said, 'Father.' And he said, 'What is it, my child?'

Narrative action / opening exchangeκαὶ
The confrontation scene opens with compressed brevity: Jacob enters, speaks, Isaac responds. The father-son address pattern (Πάτερ / τέκνον) echoes the structure of v.1 and Gen 22:7. Isaac's question τί ἐστι ('what is it?') is the blind man's groping attempt to orient himself — he cannot see who has entered.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσφέρω: 'bring in'; the compound εἰσ- emphasizes the entering into Isaac's presence; the moment of the deception begins.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὶfatherDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατρὶ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δέandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΠάτερFatherVocativevocative (address)→ direct addressπατήρ / vocative: the single word Πάτερ is the child's summons; the same call-response pattern as Gen 22:7 (Πάτερ / Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ) — but here the wrong son is speaking.
theNominativearticle as demonstrative subject ('he')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandpost-positive connective (subject switch: ὁ δέ = 'and he')→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Isaac's response)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΤίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject of ἐστι)→ participant referenceΤί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as interrogative pronoun (subject of ἐστι).
ἐστιis itPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb→ gnomic presentεἰμί: 'be'; τί ἐστι ('what is it?') is the disoriented blind man's attempt to identify the visitor.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative (paternal address)→ direct addressτέκνον: 'child'; Isaac's tender address — not yet identifying which child; the dramatic irony is acute.
19

καὶ εἶπεν Ιακωβ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ Ἐγὼ Ησαυ ὁ πρωτότοκός σου· ἐποίησα καθὰ ἐλάλησάς μοι· ἀναστὰς κάθισον καὶ φάγε τῆς θήρας μου, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ με ἡ ψυχή σου.

And Jacob said to his father, 'I am Esau your firstborn; I have done as you told me. Rise, sit, and eat of my game, so that your soul may bless me.'

The false identification (Jacob's lie)καὶ
The verse contains Jacob's central lie: Ἐγὼ Ησαυ ὁ πρωτότοκός σου ('I am Esau your firstborn'). The emphatic ἐγώ + false identification is the moral pivot of the chapter. Jacob then reproduces the structure of Esau's expected speech (v.31: ἀναστήτω ὁ πατήρ μου καὶ φαγέτω), and recycles the purpose clause of v.4 (ἡ ψυχή σου = the same idiom Isaac used of himself in v.4). The Lord did not explicitly command this deception; the election of Jacob (25:23; Rom 9:11–13) operates prior to and independent of it.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΙακωβJacobsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὶfatherDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατρὶ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἘγὼINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (the false identification)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun introduces the lie; Ἐγὼ Ησαυ = 'I am Esau' — the chapter's moral pivot.
ΗσαυEsaupredicate nominative (false identification; proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: the name Jacob falsely claims; the deception is now verbal as well as physical.
theNominativearticle (with πρωτότοκος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωτότοκόςfirstbornNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition to Ησαυ)→ participant prominenceπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn'; renders Hebrew בְּכֹרְךָ; the title Jacob falsely claims — the very status whose rights he had purchased (Gen 25:31–33) but not yet inherited through a blessing.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἐποίησαI have doneAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (false claim of compliance)→ constative aoristποιέω: Jacob claims to have fulfilled the commission of vv.3–4; the claim is technically false but the meal is real.
καθὰascomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὰ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησάςyou spokeAor Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωverb in comparative clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the reference is to the commission of vv.3–4.
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ἀναστὰςrisingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle ('rise and sit')→ constative aoristἀνίστημι: 'rise up'; the call to the blind patriarch to sit up and eat is the formal beginning of the blessing-meal ritual.
κάθισονsitAor Act Impv 2 Sg · καθίζωimperative command→ constative aorist imperativeκαθίζω: 'sit / be seated'; the pair ἀναστάς / κάθισον ('rise / sit') is a formulaic combination for the posture of formal eating.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγεeatAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐσθίωimperative command→ constative aorist imperativeἐσθίω: 'eat'; the eating triggers the blessing.
τῆςofGenitivearticle (partitive genitive marker)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θήραςgameGenitivepartitive genitive ('eat some of my game')→ relational specificationθήρα: 'hunt / game'; the cognate of θηρεύω / θήρευμα; Jacob presents the kid-preparation as if it were hunted game.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (the false claim: 'my game')→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the false claim: 'my game').
ὅπωςso thatpurpose conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογήσῃmay blessAor Act Subjunc 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb in purpose clause→ constative aorist subjunctiveεὐλογέω: the chapter's controlling verb; the goal of the whole deception.
μεmeAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulNominativesubject (Hebraism: ἡ ψυχή σου = 'you yourself')→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / self'; the same idiom as v.4 (ἡ ψυχή μου); now applied to Isaac by Jacob — Jacob has precisely replicated Isaac's own words.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
20

εἶπεν δὲ Ισαακ τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ Τί τοῦτο ὃ ταχὺ εὗρες, ὦ τέκνον; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ὃ παρέδωκεν κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἐναντίον μου.

And Isaac said to his son, 'What is this that you found so quickly, my child?' And he said, 'It is what the LORD your God delivered before me.'

Isaac's suspicion and Jacob's theological deflectionδέ
Isaac's question about the speed of the hunt (ταχύ) is a second test after the tactile examination he will demand in v.21. The speed should have been impossible for a hunted game. Jacob's response is remarkable in its theological audacity: he attributes the success not to skill but to divine provision (ὃ παρέδωκεν κύριος ὁ θεός σου). By invoking the LORD, Jacob elevates the deception into the register of providence — a claim the narrative subsequently validates through the irrevocability of the blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῷsonDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceυἱῷ: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΤίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject of relative clause)→ participant referenceΤί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as interrogative pronoun (subject of relative clause).
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (correlative with ὅ)→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative pronoun (correlative with ὅ).
thatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εὗρες in relative clause)→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of εὗρες in relative clause).
ταχὺquicklyadverb of manner→ clausal contributionταχύ: 'quickly / swiftly'; the speed that is suspicious — a full hunt and meal preparation cannot have happened so fast; Isaac's blind suspicion is aroused.
εὗρεςyou foundAor Act Indic 2 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb in relative clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: 'find / encounter'; the verb of finding game implies the whole hunt process; the speed is the give-away detail.
Ointerjection (with vocative)→ participant referenceὦ: interjection preceding vocative; adds emotional warmth to the father's address.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative (paternal address)→ direct addressτέκνον: the loving address continues; Isaac still trusts the child before him.
theNominativearticle as demonstrative subject ('he')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandpost-positive connective (subject switch to Jacob)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative object of παρέδωκεν; headless relative: 'that which')→ participant referenceὋ: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (accusative object of παρέδωκεν; headless relative: 'that which').
παρέδωκενdeliveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb of relative clause→ constative aorist (single providential act)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over / deliver / give over'; here in the sense of divine provision ('what God delivered/sent my way'); renders Hebrew הִקְרָה ('caused to encounter'). Jacob's theological answer points to divine providence — an audacious framing of the deception as God's gift.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of παρέδωκεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: Jacob invokes the divine name in his answer — the one lie that is paradoxically true in the chapter's providential framework.
theNominativearticle (with θεός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativeappositive to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the double title κύριος ὁ θεός σου is the covenantal formula; Jacob speaks of him as 'your God' — maintaining the pretense of being Esau.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship ('your God')→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship ('your God').
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive ('in front of / before me')→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: 'in the presence of / before'; ἐναντίον μου = 'before me / into my path'; a Hebraism of לְפָנַי.
μουmeGenitivegenitive after ἐναντίον→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive after ἐναντίον.
21

εἶπεν δὲ Ισαακ τῷ Ιακωβ Ἔγγισόν μοι καὶ ψηλαφήσω σε, τέκνον, εἰ σύ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου Ησαυ ἢ οὔ.

And Isaac said to Jacob, 'Come near to me so that I may feel you, my child, whether you are really my son Esau or not.'

Test (Isaac demands tactile verification)δέ
Isaac's demand for the tactile test fulfils Jacob's fear (v.12: μήποτε ψηλαφήσῃ με). The verb ψηλαφήσω ('I will feel/grope') will be the mechanism by which the disguise is either exposed or confirmed. The indirect question εἰ σύ εἶ … ἢ οὔ ('whether you are … or not') shows the patriarch's genuine suspicion. Ironically, the blind Isaac uses his remaining senses — touch and smell — but both will be deceived.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobdative indirect object (proper name, indeclinable with article)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative indirect object (proper name, indeclinable with article).
Ἔγγισόνcome nearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐγγίζωimperative command→ constative aorist imperativeἐγγίζω: 'come near / draw close'; the blind man needs physical proximity for the examination; the same verb recurs at v.22 (ἤγγισεν), v.26 (Ἔγγισόν), v.27 (ἐγγίσας).
μοιmeDativedative of interest ('come near to me')→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of interest ('come near to me').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (consecutive: 'so that I may feel')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψηλαφήσωI will feelFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ψηλαφάωmain verb (purpose / consecutive future: 'so that I may feel you')→ predictive / intentional futureψηλαφάω: 'feel with the hands / grope / touch'; the key verb of the chapter's disguise scene — exactly the action Jacob feared (v.12); the kid-skins must now deceive the examining hands.
σεyouAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative (paternal address within the test)→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative (paternal address within the test).
εἰwhetherinterrogative conjunction (indirect question: 'whether')→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: 'whether'; introduces indirect question after ψηλαφήσω.
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun in indirect question→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as emphatic subject pronoun in indirect question.
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb in indirect question→ gnomic / identifying presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of the predicate-adjective construction; though present in form, it carries the past sense of Saul's former lowliness.
theNominativearticle (predicate nominative with υἱός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόςsonNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as predicate nominative.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΗσαυEsaupredicate nominative (identifying apposition; proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative (identifying apposition; proper name).
ordisjunctive conjunction (alternative in indirect question)→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὔnotnegative particle (completing the disjunction: 'or not')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔ: 'no / not'; the disjunction εἰ … ἢ οὔ ('whether … or not') is a standard Hebraism of אִם … אִם לֹא.
22

ἤγγισεν δὲ Ιακωβ πρὸς Ισαακ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐψηλάφησεν αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν Ἡ μὲν φωνὴ φωνὴ Ιακωβ, αἱ δὲ χεῖρες χεῖρες Ησαυ.

So Jacob drew near to Isaac his father, and he felt him and said, 'The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau.'

The test and the famous paradox (voice vs. hands)δέ
The verse is the chapter's most celebrated line — the paradox that holds the deception and reality together: Ἡ μὲν φωνὴ φωνὴ Ιακωβ, αἱ δὲ χεῖρες χεῖρες Ησαυ. The μέν … δέ contrast (voice vs. hands) is perfectly balanced. Isaac correctly identifies both realities: the voice really is Jacob's, the hands (covered with skins) really feel like Esau's. His senses are at war, and the wrong sense wins. The verse became a classic illustration of the problem of deceptive appearances.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἤγγισενdrew nearAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγγίζωmain verb→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: 'draw near'; echoes Isaac's command ἔγγισόν μοι (v.21); Jacob obeys, and the examination proceeds.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙακωβJacobsubject→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (motion toward)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (motion toward).
ΙσαακIsaacobject of πρός (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός (proper name).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραfatherAccusativeapposition to Ισαακ→ object specificationπατέρα: meaning 'father'; it serves as apposition to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐψηλάφησενfeltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ψηλαφάωmain verb (the tactile examination)→ constative aorist (the single examination act)ψηλαφάω: 'feel / grope'; the moment Jacob feared (v.12) has arrived; the kid-skins are the disguise that passes this test.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the paradoxical observation)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
theNominativearticle (subject marker: μέν clause)→ noun-phrase markingἩ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὲνindeedpost-positive particle (correlative with δέ: μέν … δέ = 'on the one hand … on the other')→ discourse linkage or contrastμέν: the μέν … δέ contrast sets voice against hands in balanced antithesis — the chapter's most famous literary figure.
φωνὴvoiceNominativesubject of verbless predicate clause→ participant prominenceφωνή: 'voice'; the auditory evidence correctly identifies Jacob.
φωνὴvoiceNominativepredicate nominative (verbless clause: 'the voice is the voice of Jacob')→ participant prominenceφωνή: the repetition φωνὴ φωνὴ Ιακωβ is an emphatic Hebraism (literally 'the voice, a voice of Jacob') — the very structure highlights the paradox.
ΙακωβJacobgenitive of possession (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name, indeclinable).
αἱtheNominativearticle (subject: δέ clause)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutpost-positive adversative (second member of μέν … δέ)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεῖρεςhandsNominativesubject of verbless predicate clause→ participant prominenceχείρ: 'hand'; the tactile evidence is deceived by the kid-skins.
χεῖρεςhandsNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceχείρ: the repeated χεῖρες χεῖρες Ησαυ mirrors the structure of the φωνὴ φωνὴ Ιακωβ — perfect parallelism of the paradox.
ΗσαυEsaugenitive of possession (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name).
23

καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνω αὐτόν, ἦσαν γὰρ αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ὡς αἱ χεῖρες Ησαυ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δασεῖαι· καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτόν.

And he did not recognize him, for his hands were like the hands of his brother Esau, hairy; and he blessed him.

Result (failure to recognize; the blessing bestowed)καὶ
The verse delivers the deception's success in two brief clauses: καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνω ('and he did not recognize') and καὶ ηὐλόγησεν ('and he blessed'). The explanatory γάρ-clause gives the reason — the skins worked. The abruptness of the final καὶ ηὐλόγησεν suggests the speed of the act; the blessing follows immediately on the failure of recognition, as if the deceived touch resolves Isaac's hesitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegation→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωrecognizeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιγινώσκωmain verb (negated: failure to identify)→ constative aoristἐπιγινώσκω: 'recognize / know fully / identify'; the compound ἐπι- strengthens the sense of thorough knowing; the failure is complete and final — Isaac is fully deceived.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἦσανwereImperf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula verb (explanatory γάρ-clause)→ durative imperfect (ongoing state of hairiness)εἰμί: the imperfect ἦσαν expresses the persistent physical state that enabled the deception.
γὰρforpost-positive explanatory conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for / because'; explanatory — gives the reason for the failure to recognize.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceχεῖρες: meaning 'hands'; it serves as subject.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Jacob's disguised hands)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Jacob's disguised hands).
ὡςlikecomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖρεςhandsNominativesubject of comparative clause→ participant prominenceχεῖρες: meaning 'hands'; it serves as subject of comparative clause.
ΗσαυEsaugenitive of possession (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ησαυ→ relational specificationἀδελφοῦ: meaning 'brother'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Ησαυ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (Jacob's brother)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Jacob's brother).
δασεῖαιhairyNominativepredicate adjective (of αἱ χεῖρες Ησαυ)→ participant prominenceδασύς: 'hairy / shaggy'; the same adjective as v.11; the word returns to confirm the success of the disguise.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (consequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb (the blessing bestowed)→ constative aorist (single, completed, irrevocable act)εὐλογέω: 'bless'; the abrupt climax — the entire chapter's plot resolves here in two words. The blessing, once given, cannot be recalled (cf. v.33); the aorist's punctiliar force enacts that irrevocability.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object (Jacob, the recipient)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (Jacob, the recipient).
24

καὶ εἶπεν Σύ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου Ησαυ; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ἐγώ.

And he said, 'Are you really my son Esau?' And he said, 'I am.'

Final verification (a last check before proceeding to the meal)καὶ
Isaac's question Σύ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου Ησαυ ('Are you my son Esau?') is the direct verbal counterpart to the tactile examination of v.21. Jacob's answer Ἐγώ ('I am') is his most bare and direct lie — a single word. The narrator records it without comment. The exchange is swift and the chapter moves immediately to the meal.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΣύyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (interrogative: 'Is it really you?')→ participant referenceσύ: 'you'; the emphatic pronoun presses the question — Isaac wants personal confirmation.
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb (interrogative)→ identifying presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of the predicate-adjective construction; though present in form, it carries the past sense of Saul's former lowliness.
theNominativearticle (predicate nominative)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόςsonNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as predicate nominative.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΗσαυEsaupredicate nominative in apposition (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative in apposition (proper name).
theNominativearticle as demonstrative subject (subject switch: 'and he said')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandpost-positive connective (subject switch to Jacob)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ἘγώI amNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (one-word affirmation: 'I am')→ participant referenceἐγώ: 'I'; the one-word lie — the most compressed of Jacob's false statements in the chapter; contrast with his wordy self-identification in v.19.
25

εἶπεν δέ Προσάγαγέ μοι καὶ φάγομαι ἀπὸ τῆς θήρας σου, τέκνον, ἵνα εὐλογήσῃ σε ἡ ψυχή μου. καὶ προσήγαγεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἔφαγεν· καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτῷ οἶνον, καὶ ἔπιεν.

And he said, 'Bring it near to me and I will eat of your game, my child, so that my soul may bless you.' And he brought it to him, and he ate; and he brought him wine, and he drank.

The ritual meal (eating and drinking preceding the blessing)δέ
The meal is the ritual prerequisite for the blessing. Isaac's invitation and the two-stage eating and drinking (ἔφαγεν / ἔπιεν) mirror the structure of covenant meals in the ancestral narratives (Gen 26:30; 31:54). The verse is narrated with rapid aorists; once the meal is complete the kiss and the blessing follow immediately.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δέandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Προσάγαγέbring nearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · προσάγωimperative command→ constative aorist imperativeπροσάγω: 'bring near / bring to'; renders Hebrew הַגִּישָׁה; the compound προσ- adds the sense of proximity — bring it right here to me.
μοιmeDativedative of interest→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of interest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγομαιI will eatFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (predictive future)→ predictive futureἐσθίω: 'eat'; the future after καί has a consecutive / result sense ('and then I will eat').
ἀπὸofpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'some of your game')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'some of your game').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θήραςgameGenitivepartitive genitive→ relational specificationθήρα: 'hunt / game'; Isaac still believes he is eating Esau's hunted game.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative.
ἵναso thatpurpose conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογήσῃmay blessAor Act Subjunc 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb in purpose clause→ constative aorist subjunctiveεὐλογέω: the meal-and-blessing formula of v.4 is now about to be enacted.
σεyouAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulNominativesubject (Hebraism: ἡ ψυχή μου = 'I myself')→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as subject (Hebraism: ἡ ψυχή μου = 'I myself').
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήγαγενbrought nearAor Act Indic 3 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (Jacob obeys)→ constative aoristπροσάγω: echoes the imperative Προσάγαγέ of the same verse — command and execution.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφαγενhe ateAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb→ constative aoristἐσθίω: the eating completes the ritual prerequisite for the blessing.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσφέρω: 'bring in'; Jacob brings the wine as the second element of the meal.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
οἶνονwineAccusativedirect object→ object specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; the wine completes the meal; the blessing of v.28 will include πλῆθος οἴνου ('abundance of wine').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπιενhe drankAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίνωmain verb→ constative aoristπίνω: 'drink'; the pair ἔφαγεν / ἔπιεν ('ate and drank') is the standard formulaic completion of a meal in LXX narrative.
26

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ισαακ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Ἔγγισόν μοι καὶ φίλησόν με, τέκνον.

And Isaac his father said to him, 'Come near to me and kiss me, my child.'

Prelude to the blessing (the paternal kiss)καὶ
The request for a kiss is both the intimate conclusion of the meal and the olfactory trigger for the blessing. Isaac's approach command (Ἔγγισόν μοι, v.26) uses the same imperative as v.21 — but now proximity serves love rather than suspicion. The kiss (φίλησόν με) will allow Isaac to smell the garment in v.27.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
theNominativearticle (with πατήρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativeappositive to Ισαακ→ participant prominenceπατὴρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as appositive to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
Ἔγγισόνcome nearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐγγίζωimperative command (echoes v.21)→ constative aorist imperativeἐγγίζω: the same imperative as v.21 (Ἔγγισόν μοι), now with a different purpose — the kiss of blessing rather than the touch of testing.
μοιmeDativedative of interest→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of interest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φίλησόνkissAor Act Impv 2 Sg · φιλέωimperative command (the paternal kiss)→ constative aorist imperativeφιλέω: 'kiss / love'; the paternal kiss in the ancestral blessing context (cf. Gen 48:10; 50:1); here it is also the mechanism that puts Jacob's garment-smell within Isaac's range.
μεmeAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative.
27

καὶ ἐγγίσας ἐφίλησεν αὐτόν· καὶ ὠσφράνθη τὴν ὀσμὴν τῶν ἱματίων αὐτοῦ καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ ὀσμὴ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου ὡς ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ πλήρους, ὃν ηὐλόγησεν κύριος.

And he drew near and kissed him; and he smelled the smell of his garments and blessed him and said, 'See, the smell of my son is like the smell of a full field which the LORD has blessed.'

The olfactory trigger and the opening of the blessingκαὶ
The smell of Esau's garment triggers Isaac's blessing. The phrase ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ πλήρους, ὃν ηὐλόγησεν κύριος ('the smell of a full field which the LORD has blessed') is one of the most poetically rich lines of LXX Genesis — a pastoral image of agricultural abundance underpinned by divine blessing. The ὡς comparison ('like') begins the blessing proper: the son is identified with the blessed land. The perfect ηὐλόγησεν ('has blessed') expresses the LORD's prior and continuing act of blessing over the fruitful earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγίσαςdrawing nearAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐγγίζωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: Jacob draws near — the same word four times in vv.21–27; the repeated approach enacts the slow progress toward the blessing.
ἐφίλησενkissedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · φιλέωmain verb→ constative aoristφιλέω: 'kiss'; echoes Isaac's command in v.26; the kiss of false recognition.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠσφράνθηsmelledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὀσφραίνομαιmain verb (the olfactory test)→ constative aorist (single act of smelling)ὀσφραίνομαι: 'smell / perceive by smell'; deponent passive form; the olfactory sense now joins the tactile and auditory — all three converge on the blessing.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσμὴνsmellAccusativedirect object→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / fragrance'; the accusative with ὀσφραίνομαι is a cognate-related construction; the same word recurs in the blessing formula ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱματίωνgarmentsGenitivegenitive of source ('the smell coming from his garments')→ relational specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment / cloak'; this is Esau's στολή (v.15) — the field-smell of the hunter's outdoor garment triggers Isaac's blessing.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb (the blessing begins)→ constative aorist (the decisive, irrevocable act)εὐλογέω: the blessing now begins in earnest; ηὐλόγησεν + εἶπεν introduces the blessing-oracle of vv.27b–29.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introduces the blessing oracle)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
Ἰδοὺseepresentative particle (introducing exclamatory observation)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; calques הִנֵּה; the patriarch points to the sensory reality he is experiencing.
ὀσμὴthe smellNominativesubject of verbless clause→ participant prominenceὀσμή: 'fragrance / smell'; the word recurs three times in this verse — a figura etymologica of sorts: he smells the smell, and the smell is like the smell.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationυἱοῦ: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive of possession.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ὡςlikecomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴthe smellNominativesubject of comparison→ participant prominenceὀσμὴ: meaning 'the smell'; it serves as subject of comparison.
ἀγροῦof a fieldGenitivegenitive of source ('the smell of a field')→ relational specificationἀγρός: 'field / land'; the same word used at vv.3, 5 (πεδίον) as the place of Esau's hunt; here its fragrance becomes the imagery of the blessing. The phrase ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ πλήρους, ὃν ηὐλόγησεν κύριος is the chapter's most celebrated line; see text_note.
πλήρουςfullGenitiveattributive adjective genitive ('a full/ripe field')→ relational specificationπλήρης: 'full / filled'; renders Hebrew מָלֵא; the 'full field' is a field in full harvest — maximally fruitful and blessed.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ηὐλόγησεν in relative clause)→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ηὐλόγησεν in relative clause).
ηὐλόγησενhas blessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (divine blessing as completed / enduring act)εὐλογέω: 'bless'; the field is described as one that the LORD has blessed — grounding Jacob's blessing in the prior, creational blessing of the LORD over the fruitful earth.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ηὐλόγησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the divine agent of the field's blessing; the patriarch's blessing aligns Jacob's future with the LORD's blessing of creation.
28

καὶ δῴη σοι ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς καὶ πλῆθος σίτου καὶ οἴνου·

May God give you of the dew of heaven and of the fatness of the earth, and abundance of grain and wine;

Blessing (first strophe: material abundance from heaven and earth)καὶ
The blessing proper begins. The optative δῴη ('may he give') is the blessing's jussive mode — a wish-prayer addressed to Jacob. The two-fold source formula ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς ('from the dew of heaven and from the fatness of the earth') renders Hebrew מִטַּל הַשָּׁמַיִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ. The phrase became a standard liturgical formula of divine provision; the dew of heaven (δρόσος τοῦ οὐρανοῦ) appears in prophetic and sapiential texts as an image of divine refreshment and blessing. The second blessing to Esau (v.39) reverses the formula, explicitly denying him this abundance. NT note: Heb 11:20 states Isaac 'by faith blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come' — affirming the theological validity of this blessing regardless of the deception's moral complexity.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the blessing oracle proper)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῴηmay giveAor Act Opt 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (optative of wish: the blessing's jussive mode)→ optative of wish (precative: 'may God give you')δίδωμι: 'give'; the aorist optative δῴη is the standard LXX blessing-formula mode, calquing Hebrew יִתֶּן-לְךָ ('may he give to you'); it expresses a wish or prayer rather than a prediction. NT echo: Heb 11:20 (εὐλόγησεν Ισαακ τὸν Ιακωβ … περὶ μελλόντων).
σοιyouDativedative of indirect object (recipient of the blessing)→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object (recipient of the blessing).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativesubject of δῴη→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; the patriarch invokes God (not merely his own authority) as the giver of the blessing — the blessing's validity transcends the patriarch's intention.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source of the gift: 'from the dew')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: partitive-ablative sense; the double ἀπό (heaven / earth) constitutes the classic vertical-horizontal blessing formula.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρόσουdewGenitivegenitive after ἀπό (the first source: heavenly moisture)→ relational specificationδρόσος: 'dew'; renders Hebrew טַל; the dew of heaven is the chief source of moisture in the semi-arid Levantine climate and hence the image of divine provision; cf. Deut 33:13, 28; Hos 14:6; the phrase had significant liturgical afterlife in Jewish prayer and patristic exegesis.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of origin ('the dew that comes from heaven')→ relational specificationοὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; the source of the dew; the pairing οὐρανός/γῆ (heaven/earth) is the standard LXX merism for totality.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second ἀπό phrase)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (second source: the earth's richness)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (second source: the earth's richness).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πιότητοςfatnessGenitivegenitive after ἀπό (the second source: earthy fertility)→ relational specificationπιότης: 'fatness / richness / fertility'; renders Hebrew מִשְׁמַנֵּי; from πίων ('fat / rich'); the image of the earth's fat richness conveys agricultural abundance. The LXX word is rare; in v.39 the denial of πιότης to Esau underscores the reversal.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive of origin ('the fatness of the earth')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth / land'; paired with οὐρανός the merism is complete.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the blessing-gifts)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλῆθοςabundanceAccusativedirect object of δῴη (third gift: grain and wine)→ object specificationπλῆθος: 'abundance / multitude / plenty'; renders Hebrew רֹב; the quantitative note adds to the qualitative richness of the preceding gifts.
σίτουgrainGenitivegenitive after πλῆθος (first staple: grain)→ relational specificationσῖτος: 'grain / wheat'; renders Hebrew דָּגָן; the chief staple crop.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴνουwineGenitivegenitive after πλῆθος (second staple: wine)→ relational specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; renders Hebrew תִּירוֹשׁ (new wine / must); Jacob has just been served wine (v.25) — the blessing now promises its abundance.
29

καὶ δουλευσάτωσάν σοι ἔθνη, καὶ προσκυνησάτωσάν σοι ἄρχοντες· καὶ γίνου κύριος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, καὶ προσκυνήσουσίν σοι οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρός σου· ὁ καταρώμενός σε ἐπικατάρατος, ὁ δὲ εὐλογῶν σε εὐλογημένος.

May nations serve you, and may rulers bow down to you; and be lord over your brother, and may the sons of your father bow down to you. Cursed be he who curses you, and blessed be he who blesses you.

Blessing (second strophe: political sovereignty and the curse/blessing formula)καὶ
The second strophe moves from agricultural to political blessing: sovereignty over nations and family. The command γίνου κύριος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ('be lord over your brother') is the direct blessing of primogeniture — the birthright Jacob had purchased (25:31–33) but now receives formally. The closing ὁ καταρώμενός σε ἐπικατάρατος / ὁ δὲ εὐλογῶν σε εὐλογημένος is a direct echo of the Abrahamic blessing formula (Gen 12:3: τοὺς δὲ καταρωμένους σε καταράσομαι … εὐλογηθήσονται), linking Jacob's blessing to the original promise to Abraham.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δουλευσάτωσάνmay serveAor Act Impv 3 Pl · δουλεύωthird-person imperative (jussive: 'may … serve')→ constative aorist imperative (jussive blessing)δουλεύω: 'serve / be a slave to'; renders Hebrew יַעַבְדוּךָ; the political submission of nations to Jacob's line is the blessing's sovereign claim.
σοιyouDativedative of advantage / interest ('serve you')→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage / interest ('serve you').
ἔθνηnationsNominativesubject of δουλευσάτωσάν→ participant prominenceἔθνος: 'nation / people'; renders Hebrew לְאֻמִּים ('peoples'); the blessing extends Jacob's dominion universally — anticipating Israel's role among the nations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνησάτωσάνmay bow downAor Act Impv 3 Pl · προσκυνέωthird-person imperative (jussive)→ constative aorist imperativeπροσκυνέω: 'bow down / worship'; renders Hebrew וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ; the act of prostration before a sovereign.
σοιyouDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ἄρχοντεςrulersNominativesubject of προσκυνησάτωσάν→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / prince'; renders Hebrew לְאֻמִּים ('peoples / rulers'); the LXX choice of ἄρχοντες ('rulers') makes the political submission more concrete than the Hebrew.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίνουbePres Mid Impv 2 Sg · γίνομαιpresent imperative (command to be/become lord)→ progressive / stative imperative (ongoing condition)γίνομαι: 'become / be'; the present imperative γίνου ('be / become and remain') is a command to take up and hold the lordship.
κύριοςlordNominativepredicate nominative ('be lord')→ participant prominenceκύριος: 'lord / master'; renders Hebrew גְּבִיר ('master / lord'); the patriarchal blessing confers lordship over the brother — directly fulfilling Rebekah's oracle (25:23: ὁ μείζων δουλεύσει τῷ ἐλάσσονι, 'the greater will serve the lesser'; see also Rom 9:12).
τοῦoverGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of subordination ('lord over your brother')→ relational specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; the domestic lordship over Esau is the personal dimension of the larger political blessing.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνήσουσίνwill bow downFut Act Indic 3 Pl · προσκυνέωmain verb (predictive future: the family prostration)→ predictive futureπροσκυνέω: the shift from jussive optative/imperative to predictive future (προσκυνήσουσίν) is significant — this element is declared as certain.
σοιyouDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρός σου = 'the sons of your father' — Esau and any other brothers; the blessing claims family-level primacy.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationπατρός: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive of relationship.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
the oneNominativearticle as substantivizer (with participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταρώμενόςcursingPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · καταράομαιsubstantival participle ('the one who curses you')→ progressive / gnomic (anyone who curses)καταράομαι: 'curse'; the curse/blessing formula of Gen 12:3 is directly echoed; the chapter's central theological binary (κατάρα / εὐλογία) reaches its climax.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of participle→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of participle.
ἐπικατάρατοςcursedNominativepredicate adjective (verbless clause: 'cursed be he')→ participant prominenceἐπικατάρατος: 'cursed'; the ἐπι- prefix intensifies; renders Hebrew אָרוּר; the formula directly echoes Gen 12:3 (LXX τοὺς καταρωμένους σε καταράσομαι).
the oneNominativearticle as substantivizer (antithetical second member: δέ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandpost-positive adversative (antithetical μέν/δέ implied)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογῶνblessingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · εὐλογέωsubstantival participle ('the one who blesses you')→ progressive / gnomicεὐλογέω: the chapter's central verb returning in the closing formula.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of participle→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of participle.
εὐλογημένοςblessedPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · εὐλογέωpredicate participial adjective ('shall be blessed')→ intensive perfect passive (existing state of blessedness)εὐλογέω: the perfect passive participle εὐλογημένος expresses a state of being blessed — already established and continuing; the Abrahamic formula has passed to Jacob.
30

Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὸ παύσασθαι Ισαακ εὐλογοῦντα Ιακωβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐξῆλθεν Ιακωβ ἀπὸ προσώπου Ισαακ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ Ησαυ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἦλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς θήρας αὐτοῦ.

And it came to pass after Isaac had ceased blessing his son Jacob, and it came to pass as Jacob went out from before Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting.

Narrative transition (the second kaὶ ἐγένετο frames the collision of exits and entrances)Καὶ ἐγένετο
The verse uses a double ἐγένετο formula (an intensified Hebraizing narrative device, as in Gen 22:1 and Ruth 1:1) to juxtapose the departure of Jacob and the arrival of Esau with almost cinematographic precision. The two brothers never occupy the space at the same time — Jacob exits as Esau enters. The narrative's dramatic irony reaches its maximum: the blessing has just been given and is now irrevocable.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
Καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastΚαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: first of the double ἐγένετο; calques וַיְהִי; the first introduces the temporal clause (after Isaac ceased), the second the main narrative fact (as Jacob left / as Esau arrived).
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'after the ceasing')→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'after the ceasing').
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παύσασθαιto ceaseAor Mid Inf · παύωarticular infinitive after μετά (temporal)→ constative aorist (completed act of ceasing)παύω: 'cease / stop'; μετὰ τὸ παύσασθαι = 'after he had ceased'; marks the conclusion of the blessing-speech.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject of infinitive (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of infinitive (proper name, indeclinable).
εὐλογοῦνταblessingPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · εὐλογέωsupplementary participle with παύσασθαι ('stopped blessing')→ progressive (the ongoing blessing that has now stopped)εὐλογέω: the participle specifies what Isaac ceased doing; the chapter's central act is now complete.
ΙακωβJacobdirect object of εὐλογοῦντα (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object of εὐλογοῦντα (proper name, indeclinable).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeappositive to Ιακωβ→ object specificationυἱὸν: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositive to Ιακωβ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (second ἐγένετο clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (second narrative formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: second ἐγένετο, introducing the simultaneous action with ὡς ('as / just as').
ὡςastemporal conjunction ('as / just as Jacob went out')→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / when'; temporal — marks the near-simultaneous departure and arrival.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιverb in temporal clause (Jacob's exit)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; Jacob's exit from the scene.
ΙακωβJacobsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (point of departure)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (point of departure).
προσώπουbeforeGenitivegenitive after ἀπό (Hebraism: ἀπὸ προσώπου = 'from before / from the presence')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face'; ἀπὸ προσώπου = 'from before / away from the face of'; a Hebraism of מִלִּפְנֵי.
ΙσαακIsaacgenitive after ἀπό (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive after ἀπό (proper name).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ισαακ→ relational specificationπατρὸς: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσαυEsausubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
theNominativearticle (with ἀδελφός)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸςbrotherNominativeappositive to Ησαυ→ participant prominenceἀδελφὸς: meaning 'brother'; it serves as appositive to Ησαυ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (Esau's arrival — the collision averted by a hair's breadth)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come / arrive'; Esau's return — just too late.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (point of origin: the hunt)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (point of origin: the hunt).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θήραςhuntGenitivegenitive of origin ('from his hunting')→ relational specificationθήρα: 'hunt'; the same word as vv.19, 25; Esau returns from the hunt that was meant to earn his blessing — but the blessing is gone.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
31

καὶ ἐποίησεν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδέσματα καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ Ἀναστήτω ὁ πατήρ μου καὶ φαγέτω ἀπὸ τῆς θήρας τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ με ἡ ψυχή σου.

And he too made savory food and brought it to his father and said to his father, 'Let my father arise and eat from the hunting of his son, so that your soul may bless me.'

The parallel scene (Esau's delayed arrival with his own meal)καὶ
The parallel structure is deliberate: Esau goes through the same gestures as Jacob did — he makes ἐδέσματα, brings them to his father, and uses the same ψυχή blessing formula (ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ με ἡ ψυχή σου, echoing v.4). The καὶ αὐτός ('he too' / 'even he himself') signals the tragic parallel — he too went through all the right motions, but too late.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; mirrors the preparation scene of vv.14–17.
καὶalsoadverbial conjunction (καὶ αὐτός = 'he too / even he')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: adverbial / emphatic ('also'); with αὐτός = 'even he himself'; the combination stresses the tragic parallel.
αὐτὸςheNominativeemphatic pronoun (intensifying the subject: 'he too')→ participant referenceαὐτός: emphatic / intensive pronoun; καὶ αὐτός ='even he himself'; the same preparation done by the wrong son — now done by the right one, too late.
ἐδέσματαsavory foodAccusativedirect object→ object specificationἐδέσματα: sixth and final prominent use of the chapter's key culinary term; the word that began the commission in v.4 now closes the parallelism.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσφέρω: 'bring in'; fulfils the command εἰσένεγκε; Tamar carries the food into the bedchamber.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὶfatherDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατρὶ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὶfatherDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceπατρὶ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative of indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
Ἀναστήτωlet ariseAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιthird-person imperative (jussive request: 'let my father arise')→ constative aorist imperativeἀνίστημι: 'arise'; the third-person imperative is a polite request addressed to the father with formal deference; echoes Jacob's ἀναστὰς κάθισον of v.19.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατήρfatherNominativesubject of jussive (vocative-like address in third person)→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as subject of jussive (vocative-like address in third person).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαγέτωlet eatAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ἐσθίωthird-person imperative (jussive)→ constative aorist imperativeἐσθίω: 'eat'; the ritual eating prerequisite for the blessing — but the blessing has already been given.
ἀπὸofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θήραςgameGenitivepartitive genitive→ relational specificationθήρα: the real hunted game — the authentic article that Jacob's substitute displaced.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationυἱοῦ: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive of possession.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the game of his son')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship ('the game of his son').
ὅπωςso thatpurpose conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογήσῃmay blessAor Act Subjunc 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb in purpose clause→ constative aorist subjunctiveεὐλογέω: Esau uses the same formula as Isaac (v.4) and Jacob (v.19); the tragic irony is complete.
μεmeAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulNominativesubject (Hebraism: ἡ ψυχή σου = 'you yourself')→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as subject (Hebraism: ἡ ψυχή σου = 'you yourself').
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
32

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ισαακ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Τίς εἶ σύ; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱός σου ὁ πρωτότοκος Ησαυ.

And Isaac his father said to him, 'Who are you?' And he said, 'I am your son, your firstborn, Esau.'

Recognition request (the question that shatters the deception's cover)καὶ
Isaac's question Τίς εἶ σύ ('Who are you?') now carries a different weight from its use in v.18. There, it was routine; here, Isaac has already given the blessing and the question implies dawning horror. Esau's full self-identification — Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱός σου ὁ πρωτότοκος Ησαυ ('I am your son, your firstborn, Esau') — mirrors Jacob's false one (v.19) in structure, but is entirely true: he is the firstborn. The tragedy is that his truth comes too late.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativeappositive to Ισαακ→ participant prominenceπατὴρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as appositive to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΤίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceτίς: 'who?'; the question of identity — now asked after the blessing has been given, when its answer is catastrophic.
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb (interrogative)→ identifying presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of the predicate-adjective construction; though present in form, it carries the past sense of Saul's former lowliness.
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as emphatic subject pronoun.
theNominativearticle (demonstrative: 'he')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandpost-positive connective (subject switch to Esau)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ἘγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (full self-identification)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun parallels Jacob's false Ἐγώ Ησαυ (v.19) — but Esau's is true.
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb→ identifying presentεἰμί: 'be'; ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος renders אֲנִי יהוה.
theNominativearticle (predicate nominative)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱόςsonNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as predicate nominative.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
theNominativearticle (attributive with πρωτότοκος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornNominativeattributive / predicate adjective→ participant prominenceπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn'; Esau's legitimate claim — the title that should have secured his blessing is now a tragic self-identification made too late.
ΗσαυEsaupredicate nominative in apposition (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: his name — the very name Isaac now realizes he should have heard earlier.
33

ἐξέστη δὲ Ισαακ ἔκστασιν μεγάλην σφόδρα καὶ εἶπεν Τίς οὖν ὁ θηρεύσας μοι θήρευμα καὶ εἰσενέγκας μοι, καὶ ἔφαγον ἀπὸ πάντων πρὸ τοῦ σε ἐλθεῖν καὶ ηὐλόγησα αὐτόν, καὶ εὐλογημένος ἔσται;

And Isaac trembled with a very great trembling, and said, 'Who then is the one who hunted game for me and brought it to me, and I ate from everything before you came, and I blessed him? And he will be blessed.'

Isaac's horror and confirmation of the blessing's irrevocabilityδέ
The cognate accusative ἔκστασιν μεγάλην σφόδρα ('a very great trembling / ecstasy') is one of the LXX's characteristic Hebraisms (etymological figure); renders Hebrew חֲרָדָה גְּדֹלָה מְאֹד. The trembling is not merely surprise but a quasi-mystical terror at the realization that divine purpose has moved through the deception. Isaac's rhetorical question (Τίς οὖν ὁ θηρεύσας…) is not seeking information but registering shock. His final declaration καὶ εὐλογημένος ἔσται ('and he shall be blessed') is the theological pivot: the blessing is irrevocable. This stands behind Heb 11:20 (εὐλόγησεν Ισαακ τὸν Ιακωβ καὶ τὸν Ησαυ περὶ μελλόντων) — both sons receive a word, but not the same word.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐξέστηwas astonishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξίστημιmain verb→ ingressive aorist (onset of the ecstatic trembling)ἐξίστημι: 'be beside oneself / be astonished'; the verb denotes a state of shock so profound as to be nearly out of oneself; renders Hebrew חָרַד ('tremble').
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
ἔκστασινtremblingAccusativecognate accusative (figura etymologica: ἐξέστη ἔκστασιν = 'trembled a trembling')→ object specificationἔκστασις: 'astonishment / trembling / being out of oneself'; cognate with ἐξίστημι; the figura etymologica renders Hebrew חֲרָדָה. The cognate accusative pattern is the LXX's standard technique for rendering the Hebrew internal object.
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjective (intensifying the ἔκστασιν)→ object specificationμεγάλην: meaning 'great'; it serves as attributive adjective (intensifying the ἔκστασιν).
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree (triple intensification)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'exceedingly / greatly'; renders Hebrew מְאֹד; the triple intensification (ἔκστασιν + μεγάλην + σφόδρα) expresses the maximum degree of Isaac's shock.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΤίςwhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceΤίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as interrogative pronoun (subject).
οὖνthenpost-positive inferential particle ('who then?')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: 'then / therefore'; logical inference — given that I ate and blessed, who then was it?
the oneNominativearticle as substantivizer (with participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρεύσαςwho huntedAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · θηρεύωsubstantival participle ('the one who hunted')→ constative aorist (single completed act)θηρεύω: 'hunt'; the cognate recalls the θήρευμα of vv.3–5.
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
θήρευμαgameAccusativecognate accusative→ object specificationθήρευμα: the cognate accusative with θηρεύω; the chapter's recurrent hunting idiom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσενέγκαςbrought inAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · εἰσφέρωsubstantival participle (coordinate with θηρεύσας)→ constative aoristεἰσφέρω: 'bring in'; the two participles (θηρεύσας / εἰσενέγκας) describe the unknown person — who was it that did both these things?
μοιto meDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing explanation)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφαγονI ateAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (Isaac's first-person account)→ constative aoristἐσθίω: Isaac confirms the sequence: he ate, then blessed.
ἀπὸofpreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive).
πάντωνeverythingGenitivepartitive genitive (ate from all of it)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / everything'; ἀπὸ πάντων = 'of all of it'; indicates a complete meal was consumed.
πρὸbeforepreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
ἐλθεῖνcomeAor Act Inf · ἔρχομαιarticular infinitive after πρό (temporal: 'before you came')→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the temporal marker confirms the irreversibility — the eating and blessing were complete before Esau arrived.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὐλόγησαI blessedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb (the irrevocable act confirmed in first person)→ constative aorist (completed, irrevocable act)εὐλογέω: Isaac's first-person acknowledgment of the blessing he gave — which he now realizes went to the wrong recipient; but the blessing stands.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandconsecutive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογημένοςblessedPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · εὐλογέωpredicate adjective in verbless clause ('he shall be blessed')→ intensive perfect passive (enduring state: 'he is and shall remain blessed')εὐλογέω: the perfect passive participle carries the weight of the chapter's theological claim — the blessing is irrevocable, already given and permanently effective; cf. Heb 11:20.
ἔσταιhe shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb (future: permanent validity)→ predictive future (confirming permanent validity of the blessing)εἰμί: the future εὐλογημένος ἔσται = 'he shall be (and remain) blessed' — Isaac's confirmation of the blessing's irrevocability.
34

ἐγένετο δὲ ἡνίκα ἤκουσεν Ησαυ τὰ ῥήματα Ισαακ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, ἀνεβόησεν φωνὴν μεγάλην καὶ πικρὰν σφόδρα καὶ εἶπεν Εὐλόγησον δὴ κἀμέ, πάτερ.

And it came to pass when Esau heard the words of his father Isaac, he cried out with a great and very bitter cry and said, 'Bless me too, please, father!'

Esau's great cry (the emotional climax of the chapter)δέ
The verse is the chapter's emotional peak: ἀνεβόησεν φωνὴν μεγάλην καὶ πικράν σφόδρα ('he cried out with a great and very bitter cry'). The phrase stands verbatim behind Heb 12:17: 'for you know that afterward, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it with tears (μετὰ δακρύων).' The LXX πικράν ('bitter') renders Hebrew מָרָה; the same word used of Naomi's self-renaming in Ruth 1:20 (Μαρά = 'bitterness'). The particle δή in Εὐλόγησον δή adds urgency and pathos — 'do bless me, I beg you.'
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative formula)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: καὶ ἐγένετο calques וַיְהִי; the temporal clause (ἡνίκα ἤκουσεν) follows.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡνίκαwhentemporal conjunction ('when / at the time that')→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: 'when / at the time when'; temporal conjunction rendering Hebrew כִּשְׁמֹעַ.
ἤκουσενheardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb in temporal clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; ἤκουσεν τὰ ῥήματα = 'heard the words'; Esau hears the confirmation that his blessing has been irrevocably given to another.
ΗσαυEsausubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / utterance'; the words of Isaac confirming the blessing's irrevocability (v.33).
ΙσαακIsaacgenitive of possession (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ισαακ→ relational specificationπατρὸς: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀνεβόησενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβοάωmain verb (the great cry)→ ingressive aorist (onset of the crying out)ἀναβοάω: 'cry out / shout'; the ἀνα- prefix intensifies — a cry that goes upward; renders Hebrew וַיִּצְעַק ('cry aloud'). NT echo: Heb 12:17 links this cry to Esau's failed search for repentance.
φωνὴνcryAccusativecognate accusative (ἀναβοάω + φωνήν: Hebraism)→ object specificationφωνή: 'voice / cry'; in cognate-accusative construction with ἀναβοάω, renders the Hebrew קֹל גְּדֹלָה וּמָרָה; the three-word description μεγάλην καὶ πικράν σφόδρα gives maximum emotional weight.
μεγάληνgreatAccusativeattributive adjective→ object specificationμεγάλην: meaning 'great'; it serves as attributive adjective.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πικρὰνbitterAccusativeattributive adjective→ object specificationπικρός: 'bitter / sharp'; renders Hebrew מָרָה; used of tears, grief, and despair throughout the LXX; cf. Ruth 1:20 (Μαρά = 'bitterness'). NT: Heb 12:17 (μετὰ δακρύων) links to this moment.
σφόδραveryadverb of degree→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'exceedingly'; the same adverb as in v.33 (ἔκστασιν μεγάλην σφόδρα); the grief of son mirrors the shock of father.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΕὐλόγησονblessAor Act Impv 2 Sg · εὐλογέωimperative command (urgent plea)→ constative aorist imperativeεὐλογέω: the chapter's central verb, now in Esau's desperate mouth.
δὴI prayemphatic / urgency particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: emphatic particle adding urgency or entreaty to the imperative: 'do bless me! / bless me, I beg!' — renders Hebrew נָא (particle of entreaty).
κἀμέme tooAccusativedirect object (crasis: καὶ + ἐμέ = 'me also')→ object specificationκἀμέ: crasis of καὶ ἐμέ = 'and me / me too'; the additive 'too' carries the anguish — even I, even me, the rightful heir.
πάτερfatherVocativevocative (address)→ direct addressπατήρ / vocative: the son's anguished appeal to his father — the same word Jacob used coolly in v.18 (Πάτερ) to initiate his deception.
35

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ Ἦλθεν ὁ ἀδελφός σου μετὰ δόλου καὶ ἔλαβεν τὴν εὐλογίαν σου.

And he said to him, 'Your brother came with deceit and took your blessing.'

Isaac's explanation (naming the deed)δέ
Isaac names the act directly: μετὰ δόλου ('with deceit / treachery'). The word δόλος renders Hebrew בְּמִרְמָה ('in deception'); the same root used in Jacob's name-play in v.36. Isaac does not name Jacob — he says 'your brother' (ὁ ἀδελφός σου), as if unable to speak the name of the one he has blessed. The brevity of the verse conveys shock and finality.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
ἮλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; the bare factual statement — he came.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόςbrotherNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: 'brother'; Isaac refers to Jacob only as 'your brother' — notable avoidance of Jacob's name at this painful moment.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (manner: 'with deceit')→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (manner: 'with deceit').
δόλουdeceitGenitivegenitive of manner after μετά ('by means of deceit')→ relational specificationδόλος: 'deceit / treachery / craft'; renders Hebrew מִרְמָה; the same root connects to Esau's next speech (v.36) and to Jacob's name-play.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; the same verb Esau will use in v.36 (εἴληφεν) — Jacob 'took' what was Esau's.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίανblessingAccusativedirect object→ object specificationεὐλογία: 'blessing'; the chapter's controlling noun — the object of the entire deception, now identified as stolen.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
36

καὶ εἶπεν Δικαίως ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ιακωβ· ἐπτέρνικεν γάρ με ἤδη δεύτερον· τά τε πρωτοτόκιά μου εἴληφεν, καὶ νῦν εἴληφεν τὴν εὐλογίαν μου. καὶ εἶπεν Οὐχ ὑπελείπω μοι εὐλογίαν;

And he said, 'Rightly was his name called Jacob, for he has tripped me now twice: he took my birthright, and now he has taken my blessing.' And he said, 'Have you not left a blessing for me?'

Esau's bitter name-pun (the etymological crux of the chapter)καὶ
The verse is the chapter's key etymological crux, explicitly glossing the name Ιακωβ. ἐπτέρνικεν γάρ με ἤδη δεύτερον ('for he has tripped/heeled me now a second time') — the verb πτερνίζω is coined from πτέρνα ('heel'), directly calquing Hebrew עָקַב ('to trip by the heel / to supplant'). The name יַעֲקֹב (Jacob) derives from this root, making the name literally 'Heel-grabber / Supplanter.' Δικαίως ('rightly / justly') is bitterly ironic: the name is just, the deed is not. The double offense (birthright + blessing, both now lost) is marked by the emphatic ἤδη δεύτερον ('now a second time'). NT connection: 'Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated' (Rom 9:13 citing Mal 1:2–3) refers to the election prior to these deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
Δικαίωςrightlyadverb of manner (bitterly ironic: 'justly / fittingly')→ participant identificationδικαίως: 'rightly / justly / fittingly'; renders Hebrew הֲכִי ('is it not that'); Esau's bitter concession that the name Jacob is fitting — not as praise but as accusation.
ἐκλήθηwas calledAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb (divine passive: named at birth)→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call / name'; the passive ἐκλήθη is a divine passive — God named the child at birth to match his nature.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject of ἐκλήθη→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; in the biblical tradition, a name captures character and destiny.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ΙακωβJacobpredicate nominative (the name, in apposition: 'called Jacob')→ participant identificationΙακωβ: the name whose etymology is now explicitly glossed by ἐπτέρνικεν; the LXX uses the loan-word Ιακωβ throughout rather than translating the name.
ἐπτέρνικενhas heeledPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · πτερνίζωmain verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology)→ intensive perfect (the act's permanent consequence: 'he has heeled me and the heel-grab is still felt')πτερνίζω: 'trip by the heel / grab by the heel / supplant'; a verb apparently coined or rare in Greek, from πτέρνα ('heel'); renders Hebrew עָקַב, the verbal root of יַעֲקֹב (Jacob); Esau's word-play makes the etymology explicit: 'he has Jacobed me twice.' The perfect tense stresses the ongoing result. This is the chapter's chief etymological crux — flag.
γάρforpost-positive explanatory conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; explains why the name Ιακωβ was rightly given.
μεmeAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἤδηnowtemporal adverb ('already / now')→ clausal contributionἤδη: 'already / by now'; underscores that the double offense is complete.
δεύτερονa second timeadverbial numeral ('a second time')→ clausal contributionδεύτερον: 'secondly / a second time'; renders Hebrew פַּעֲמַיִם — the first time was the birthright (Gen 25:33), the second time is the blessing.
τάtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτά: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεbothcorrelative particle (τε … καί = 'both … and')→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'both'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρωτοτόκιάbirthrightAccusativedirect object (first item: the birthright taken earlier)→ object specificationπρωτοτόκια: 'birthright / rights of the firstborn'; renders Hebrew בְּכֹרָה; the sale of the birthright was in Gen 25:29–34.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἴληφενhe has takenPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (perfect: the taking and its enduring effect)→ intensive perfect (the birthright is gone and gone for good)λαμβάνω: 'take'; the perfect εἴληφεν (×2 in this verse) stresses the enduring effect — both the birthright and the blessing are permanently in Jacob's possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (emphatic: 'and now too')→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
εἴληφενhe has takenPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (second perfect: the blessing taken)→ intensive perfectλαμβάνω: the same perfect verb twice — the doubled εἴληφεν mirrors the δεύτερον (second time) of the first part of the verse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίανblessingAccusativedirect object→ object specificationεὐλογία: the chapter's controlling noun for the final time in Esau's lament.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the secondary question)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
Οὐχhave … notinterrogative negation (expecting 'yes' answer: 'surely you have left…')→ clausal qualification or emphasisοὐ / οὐχ: negative particle in question expecting affirmative answer.
ὑπελείπωhave you leftAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ὑπολείπωmain verb (rhetorical question)→ constative aoristὑπολείπω: 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the question is Esau's desperate appeal: 'Surely you have left one for me?'
μοιfor meDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
εὐλογίανblessingAccusativedirect object→ object specificationεὐλογία: the word recurs one final time in Esau's plea — anarthrous, indefinite: 'any blessing at all.'
37

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ισαακ εἶπεν τῷ Ησαυ Εἰ κύριον αὐτὸν ἐποίησά σου καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐποίησα αὐτοῦ οἰκέτας καὶ σίτῳ καὶ οἴνῳ ἐστήρισα αὐτόν, σοὶ δὲ τί ποιήσω, τέκνον;

And Isaac answered and said to Esau, 'If I have made him your lord and all his brothers I have made his servants, and with grain and wine I have sustained him, what then shall I do for you, my child?'

Isaac's answer (the blessing is confirmed as exhausted)δέ
Isaac does not deny the deception but confirms its irrevocable result. The conditional Εἰ … ἐποίησα … ἐστήρισα … τί ποιήσω ('if I have made … and sustained … what shall I do?') is an argument from exhausted resources. The three elements — lordship (κύριον), domestic servitude (οἰκέτας), and material provision (σίτος / οἶνος) — correspond to the three elements of Jacob's blessing in vv.28–29. Isaac has given it all away; there is nothing left for the firstborn son.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιattendant circumstance participle (Hebraism: answering, he said)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: 'answer'; the participle ἀποκριθείς + εἶπεν is the standard LXX Hebraism for introducing a response to a question (וַיַּעַן … וַיֹּאמֶר).
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΗσαυEsaudative indirect object (proper name with article)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative indirect object (proper name with article).
Εἰifconditional conjunction (εἰ + indicative: first class condition — assumed as true)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: conditional particle; here introduces an assumed-true condition — 'since I have indeed made him lord…'
κύριονlordAccusativepredicate accusative ('made him lord')→ object specificationκύριος: 'lord'; direct reference to v.29 (γίνου κύριος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (Jacob: 'I made him [your] lord')→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (Jacob: 'I made him [your] lord').
ἐποίησάI have madeAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (first element of the conditional)→ constative aorist (completed and irrevocable)ποιέω: 'make / appoint'; Isaac acknowledges what he has done — the appointment is now permanent.
σουover youGenitivegenitive of subordination ('lord over you')→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'over you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of subordination ('lord over you').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallAccusativequantifier (direct object of second ἐποίησα)→ object specificationπάντας: meaning 'all'; it serves as quantifier (direct object of second ἐποίησα).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativedirect object (all his brothers, including Esau)→ object specificationἀδελφοὺς: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as direct object (all his brothers, including Esau).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐποίησαI have madeAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (second ἐποίησα)→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; refers to the completed act of numbering the people.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (his servants: 'servants to him')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (his servants: 'servants to him').
οἰκέταςservantsAccusativepredicate accusative ('made them his household servants')→ object specificationοἰκέτης: 'household servant / slave'; renders Hebrew עֲבָדִים; the domestic servitude of the family corresponds to v.29 (δουλευσάτωσάν σοι … ἔθνη).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σίτῳwith grainDativedative of means (instrument of sustaining)→ sphere or referenceσῖτος: 'grain'; dative of means — the same pair σίτος/οἶνος as in the blessing (v.28: πλῆθος σίτου καὶ οἴνου).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴνῳwineDativedative of means→ sphere or referenceοἴνῳ: meaning 'wine'; it serves as dative of means.
ἐστήρισαI have sustainedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · στηρίζωmain verb (third act confirmed as given)→ constative aoristστηρίζω: 'establish / support / sustain'; renders Hebrew סָמַכְתִּי ('I supported / sustained'); the same word group used for 'strengthening' in the NT (Luke 22:32; Rom 16:25).
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
σοὶfor youDativedative of advantage (emphatic: σοί δέ — 'but for you')→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (emphatic: σοί δέ — 'but for you').
δὲbutpost-positive adversative (σοί δέ contrasted with the previous gifts to Jacob)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (direct object)→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as interrogative pronoun (direct object).
ποιήσωshall I doFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (genuine question of exhaustion: 'what can I do?')→ deliberative futureποιέω: the deliberative future — not rhetorical dismissal but genuine helplessness; the patriarch has exhausted his blessing.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative (tender paternal address in grief)→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative (tender paternal address in grief).
38

εἶπεν δὲ Ησαυ πρὸς Ισαακ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ Μὴ εὐλογία μία σοί ἐστιν, πάτερ; εὐλόγησον δὴ κἀμέ, πάτερ. κατανυχθέντος δὲ Ισαακ, ἀνεβόησεν φωνὴν Ησαυ καὶ ἔκλαυσεν.

And Esau said to his father Isaac, 'Do you have only one blessing, father? Bless me too, please, father.' And as Isaac was moved with grief, Esau raised his voice and wept.

Esau's renewed plea and shared weepingδέ
Esau's question Μὴ εὐλογία μία σοί ἐστιν ('Have you only one blessing?') implies that a second blessing must exist. The word κατανυχθέντος ('being pierced / moved with compunction') renders a Hebrew form expressing Isaac's grief; the verb κατανύσσω has the sense of being pricked to the heart (cf. Acts 2:37: κατενύγησαν τῇ καρδίᾳ). The double weeping (Isaac moved; Esau weeping) pairs the father and son in shared grief.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσαυEsausubject→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee).
ΙσαακIsaacobject of πρός→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of πρός.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέραfatherAccusativeappositive to Ισαακ→ object specificationπατέρα: meaning 'father'; it serves as appositive to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
Μὴnotinterrogative negation (expecting 'no' answer: 'surely you don't have only one?')→ clausal qualification or emphasisμή: in direct questions, μή implies the questioner expects the answer 'no' (i.e., 'Surely you have more than one?').
εὐλογίαblessingNominativesubject of ἐστιν→ participant prominenceεὐλογία: 'blessing'; the question implies that a patriarch's supply of blessings should be inexhaustible.
μίαoneNominativepredicate adjective ('only one')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; Esau challenges the assumption that there is only one blessing.
σοίfor youDativedative of possession ('do you have')→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession ('do you have').
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula verb→ identifying presentεἰμί: copula.
πάτερfatherVocativevocative (address)→ direct addressπάτερ: meaning 'father'; it serves as vocative (address).
εὐλόγησονblessAor Act Impv 2 Sg · εὐλογέωimperative command (repeated plea)→ constative aorist imperativeεὐλογέω: the repeated imperative from v.34 — Esau's plea becomes more insistent.
δὴI prayurgency particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'I pray'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κἀμέme tooAccusativedirect object (crasis: καὶ + ἐμέ)→ object specificationκἀμέ: meaning 'me too'; it serves as direct object (crasis: καὶ + ἐμέ).
πάτερfatherVocativevocative (repeated address for pathos)→ direct addressπάτερ: meaning 'father'; it serves as vocative (repeated address for pathos).
κατανυχθέντοςbeing movedAor Pass Ptcp Gen Sg Masc · κατανύσσωgenitive absolute (attendant circumstance / temporal: 'as Isaac was moved')→ constative aorist (onset of grief)κατανύσσω: 'pierce / prick to the heart / be moved with compunction'; renders Hebrew נִכְמְרוּ (MT has a different form); the verb denotes deep emotional piercing; cf. Acts 2:37 (κατενύγησαν τῇ καρδίᾳ).
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσαακIsaacgenitive subject of absolute participial clause→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive subject of absolute participial clause.
ἀνεβόησενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβοάωmain verb (Esau cries out again)→ ingressive aoristἀναβοάω: echoes v.34 — the same verb and form, Esau's great cry repeated.
φωνὴνvoiceAccusativecognate accusative (φωνὴν Ησαυ = 'the voice of Esau' or 'his voice')→ object specificationφωνή: 'voice'; here φωνὴν Ησαυ = 'his voice' — the genitive of the proper name is unusual, possibly indicating 'the characteristic / distinctive voice of Esau.'
ΗσαυEsaugenitive of possession (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκλαυσενweptAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κλαίωmain verb→ ingressive aorist (onset of weeping)κλαίω: 'weep / cry'; the weeping of Esau is the emotional resolution of his plea; behind this weeping stands the NT allusion of Heb 12:17 (μετὰ δακρύων).
39

ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ισαακ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰδοὺ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς ἔσται ἡ κατοίκησίς σου καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἄνωθεν·

And Isaac his father answered and said to him, 'Behold, away from the fatness of the earth shall be your dwelling, and away from the dew of heaven above;'

The lesser blessing (inverted form of Jacob's blessing)δέ
The secondary blessing of Esau deliberately inverts the formula of Jacob's blessing. Jacob received ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς (v.28); Esau's blessing reverses the order and, critically, the Hebrew preposition מִן can mean either 'from' (partitive: receiving) or 'away from' (separated from). The LXX follows the same ambiguity, but the context of vv.40–41 (sword, servitude, yoke) makes the privative sense more probable: Esau will dwell far from the rich land, not in it. This is the interpretive crux of the lesser blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἀποκριθεὶςansweringAor Pass Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀποκρίνομαιattendant circumstance participle (Hebraism)→ constative aoristἀποκρίνομαι: the standard Hebraizing response formula.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσαακIsaacsubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
theNominativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativeappositive to Ισαακ→ participant prominenceπατὴρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as appositive to Ισαακ.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
Ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἸδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸaway frompreposition + genitive (privative ἀπό: 'away from / far from')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: the ambiguity between partitive ('from = having some of') and privative ('from = away from') is the interpretive crux; context favors privative — Esau's dwelling is not in the fertile land but remote from it. See text_note.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πιότητοςfatnessGenitivegenitive after ἀπό→ relational specificationπιότης: 'fatness / richness'; the same word as in Jacob's blessing (v.28) — now denied to Esau in the inverted lesser blessing.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive of origin→ relational specificationγῆς: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive of origin.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predictive future of the oracle)→ predictive futureεἰμί: the future ἔσται in prophetic blessings/curses has oracular force.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοίκησίςdwellingNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceκατοίκησις: 'dwelling / habitation'; renders Hebrew מִשְׁמַנֵּי; Esau/Edom's territory is arid and rugged — historically Seir/Edom (modern Jordan highlands).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸaway frompreposition + genitive (privative)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'away from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (privative).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρόσουdewGenitivegenitive after ἀπό→ relational specificationδρόσος: 'dew'; same word as Jacob's blessing (v.28: ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ) — the reversal of the dew-gift.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenGenitivegenitive of origin→ relational specificationοὐρανοῦ: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive of origin.
ἄνωθενaboveadverb of place ('from above / from on high')→ clausal contributionἄνωθεν: 'from above / from on high'; renders Hebrew מֵעָל; reinforces the vertical sense of the blessing-formula's cosmic dimension.
40

καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ μαχαίρᾳ σου ζήσῃ καὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου δουλεύσεις· ἔσται δὲ ἡνίκα ἐὰν καθέλῃς καὶ ἐκλύσεις τὸν ζυγὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ τραχήλου σου.

And you shall live by your sword and shall serve your brother; and it shall be that when you break free you will throw off his yoke from your neck.

Continuation of the lesser blessing (sword-life, servitude, eventual freedom)καὶ
The two-part oracle: first, servitude to Jacob (τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου δουλεύσεις — fulfilling v.29 in reverse); second, eventual liberation (ἔσται δὲ ἡνίκα … ἐκλύσεις τὸν ζυγόν 'you will throw off the yoke'). The yoke-imagery is politically loaded; the historical fulfillment is Edom's revolt from Judah in the reign of Joram/Jehoram (2 Kgs 8:20–22). The sword-life (ἐπὶ τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ζήσῃ) contrasts with Jacob's grain-and-wine prosperity.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶbypreposition + dative (means: 'by / with the sword')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dative: 'on / by means of'; ἐπὶ τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ζήσῃ = 'you will live by your sword' — a life of raiding and violence, contrasting with Jacob's agricultural blessing.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχαίρᾳswordDativedative of means (the sword as means of survival)→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: 'sword / large knife'; renders Hebrew חַרְבְּךָ; the sword is Esau/Edom's characteristic instrument of livelihood and warfare.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ζήσῃyou shall liveFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ζάωmain verb (predictive future oracle)→ predictive futureζάω: 'live'; ζήσῃ ἐπὶ τῇ μαχαίρᾳ = 'live by the sword' — the warrior-nomad life prophesied for Edom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῷbrotherDativedative of indirect object (serve your brother)→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: 'brother'; the servitude to Jacob is the fulfillment of v.29 (γίνου κύριος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου) from Jacob's perspective.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
δουλεύσειςyou shall serveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δουλεύωmain verb (predictive future)→ predictive futureδουλεύω: 'serve as slave'; the verbal echo of v.29 (δουλευσάτωσάν σοι ἔθνη) is now applied to Esau in servitude to Jacob.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (framing the eventual liberation)→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται δὲ ἡνίκα = 'but it shall be that when…' — introduces the temporal qualification on the servitude.
δὲbutpost-positive adversative (introducing the qualification)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡνίκαwhentemporal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: 'when / at the time that'; echoes the same word at v.34.
ἐὰνif / whenconditional particle (ἡνίκα ἐάν = 'whenever')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: conditional particle with subjunctive; combined with ἡνίκα = 'whenever it happens that you break free.'
καθέλῃςyou break freeAor Act Subjunc 2 Sg · καθαιρέωverb in conditional clause→ constative aorist subjunctiveκαθαιρέω: 'take down / remove / overthrow'; renders Hebrew תָּרִיד ('you dominate / strive'); the verb of eventual liberation from servitude.
καὶthenconsecutive conjunction (apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλύσειςyou will throw offFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐκλύωmain verb (apodosis: the eventual liberation)→ predictive futureἐκλύω: 'loosen / release / throw off'; renders Hebrew תָּפֹרֵק ('break off'); the yoke metaphor is common in the prophets for political subjugation (Isa 9:4; 14:25; Jer 27:2).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζυγὸνyokeAccusativedirect object→ object specificationζυγός: 'yoke'; the yoke of servitude to Jacob/Israel; historically Edom revolted under Joram (2 Kgs 8:20–22) and remained independent thereafter.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Jacob's yoke)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Jacob's yoke).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: 'from your neck')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: 'from your neck').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραχήλουneckGenitivegenitive of location (from off the neck)→ relational specificationτράχηλος: 'neck'; the same word as in v.16 where kid-skins were placed on τοῦ τραχήλου αὐτοῦ — now the neck bears a different burden, the yoke of servitude.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
41

Καὶ ἐνεκότει Ησαυ τῷ Ιακωβ περὶ τῆς εὐλογίας ἧς εὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ· εἶπεν δὲ Ησαυ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτοῦ Ἐγγισάτωσαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ πένθους τοῦ πατρός μου, ἵνα ἀποκτείνω Ιακωβ τὸν ἀδελφόν μου.

And Esau bore a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing with which his father had blessed him; and Esau said in his heart, 'The days of mourning for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob.'

New unit: Esau's harbored hatred (the threat that drives the closing movement)Καὶ
The verb ἐνεκότει ('bore a grudge') renders Hebrew וַיִּשְׂטֹם, a strong verb of deep-seated hatred (the root שָׂטַם is related to Satan-adversary language). The phrase ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτοῦ ('in his heart / mind') indicates that the death-plan is internal — not spoken aloud — which is why Rebekah can only have heard it by report or inference. The waiting for the father's death (ἡμέραι τοῦ πένθους = 'days of mourning') is Esau's form of filial restraint, but the intent is murderous. This verse begins the final movement of the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
Καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing parataxis; new narrative unit)→ discourse linkage or contrastΚαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεκότειbore a grudgeImperf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐγκοτέωmain verb (imperfect: ongoing harbored hatred)→ iterative / durative imperfect (harbored hatred as a settled state)ἐγκοτέω: 'bear a grudge / harbor resentment'; renders Hebrew וַיִּשְׂטֹם; the imperfect tense stresses the duration — not a momentary flash but a settled, growing hatred. The verbal root ἔγκοτος = 'resentment held within.'
ΗσαυEsausubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
τῷagainstDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobdative of object (object of the grudge; proper name with article)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of object (object of the grudge; proper name with article).
περὶbecause ofpreposition + genitive (cause: 'because of the blessing')→ spatial or relational framingπερί: 'concerning / about / because of'; περὶ τῆς εὐλογίας = 'on account of the blessing.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίαςblessingGenitivegenitive after περί→ relational specificationεὐλογία: the chapter's controlling noun returns as the object of Esau's resentment.
ἧςwith whichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive by attraction to εὐλογίας)→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'with which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (genitive by attraction to εὐλογίας).
εὐλόγησενblessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: 'bless / speak well of / favor'; renders בֵּרַךְ; God blesses the years (the lifespan) of the righteous — a counterpart to cutting off the days of the wicked (cf. the days cut off from Eli's house, vv. 31–32).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object (Jacob, blessed)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (Jacob, blessed).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativesubject→ participant prominenceπατὴρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as subject.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (internal speech)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσαυEsausubject (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in his heart/mind)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in his heart/mind).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διανοίᾳmindDativedative of place (locative: 'in his mind / heart')→ sphere or referenceδιάνοια: 'mind / understanding / inner thought'; renders Hebrew בְּלִבּוֹ ('in his heart'); the death-plan is kept internal — a private murderous intent.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
Ἐγγισάτωσανlet draw nearAor Act Impv 3 Pl · ἐγγίζωthird-person imperative (jussive: 'may the days come near')→ constative aorist imperativeἐγγίζω: 'draw near'; Esau wishes for the days of his father's death — not as a wish for death itself but as the removal of the restraint on his revenge.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject of ἐγγισάτωσαν→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject of ἐγγισάτωσαν.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πένθουςmourningGenitivegenitive of definition ('the days, namely of mourning')→ relational specificationπένθος: 'mourning / grief'; the days of mourning for Isaac (after his anticipated death) are the time Esau plans to act; this shows filial restraint combined with murderous intent.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationπατρός: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive of relationship.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἵναso thatpurpose conjunction (expressing the intended purpose of the death)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκτείνωI may killAor Act Subjunc 1 Sg · ἀποκτείνωverb in purpose clause→ constative aorist subjunctive (the murderous plan)ἀποκτείνω: 'kill / put to death'; the stated plan is fratricide — the same sin Cain committed against Abel (Gen 4:8), the chapter's darkest parallel.
ΙακωβJacobdirect object (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object (proper name, indeclinable).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ιακωβ→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; the identification τὸν ἀδελφόν μου ('my brother') alongside the intent to kill underlines the fratricide — recalling Cain (4:8).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
42

ἀπηγγέλη δὲ Ρεβεκκᾳ τὰ ῥήματα Ησαυ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου· καὶ ἀποστείλασα ἐκάλεσεν Ιακωβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν νεώτερον καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰδοὺ Ησαυ ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἀπειλεῖ σε ἀποκτεῖναι.

And the words of her elder son Esau were reported to Rebekah; and she sent and called her younger son Jacob and said to him, 'Behold, your brother Esau threatens to kill you.'

Rebekah's intelligence and counter-moveδέ
The passive ἀπηγγέλη ('was reported') leaves unspecified how Rebekah learned of Esau's internal plan — a deliberate narrative gap. The contrast τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου / τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν νεώτερον is the chapter's defining character pair, now brought together for the last time. Rebekah acts as the chapter's intelligence agent and planner from beginning to end.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἀπηγγέληwas reportedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb (divine/narrative passive: unspecified agent)→ constative aoristἀπαγγέλλω: 'report / announce / bring back word'; the passive construction 'it was reported to Rebekah' deliberately obscures the source.
δὲandpost-positive connective→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡεβεκκᾳRebekahDativedative of indirect object (proper name with dative article)→ participant identificationΡεβεκκᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of indirect object (proper name with dative article).
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsNominativesubject of ἀπηγγέλη→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / saying'; Esau's internal words (v.41) have become public knowledge — either spoken aloud or reported by someone who overheard.
ΗσαυEsaugenitive of possession (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (proper name).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition→ relational specificationυἱοῦ: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive in apposition.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive modifier)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουelderGenitiveattributive adjective (elder son = Esau)→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: the elder-younger pair (πρεσβύτερος / νεώτερος) that has run through the chapter reaches its final repetition here.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστείλασαsendingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · ἀποστέλλωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: 'send'; she sends a messenger for Jacob — the same administrative action as v.8 (summons).
ἐκάλεσενcalledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καλέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call / summon'; Rebekah summons Jacob as she did at the beginning of the deception.
ΙακωβJacobdirect object (proper name)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object (proper name).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeappositive→ object specificationυἱὸν: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositive.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεώτερονyoungerAccusativeattributive adjective (younger son = Jacob)→ object specificationνεώτερον: meaning 'younger'; it serves as attributive adjective (younger son = Jacob).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object.
Ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἸδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσαυEsausubject of ἀπειλεῖ (proper name)→ participant identificationΗσαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἀπειλεῖ (proper name).
theNominativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόςbrotherNominativenominative in apposition to Ησαυ→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as nominative in apposition to Ησαυ.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀπειλεῖthreatensPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπειλέωmain verb (within direct speech)→ durative present (ongoing threat)ἀπειλέω: 'threaten / warn'; renders Hebrew מִתְנַחֵם לְ ('consoling himself by the thought of killing you'); the LXX renders more directly as a threat.
σεyouAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀποκτεῖναιto killAor Act Inf · ἀποκτείνωinfinitive of purpose / content after ἀπειλεῖ→ constative aorist infinitiveἀποκτείνω: 'kill'; infinitive expressing the content of the threat — direct statement of the intended fratricide.
43

νῦν οὖν, τέκνον, ἄκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς καὶ ἀναστὰς ἀπόδραθι εἰς τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν πρὸς Λαβαν τὸν ἀδελφόν μου εἰς Χαρραν·

Now therefore, my child, listen to my voice, and arise and flee to Mesopotamia, to my brother Laban, in Haran;

Rebekah's commission to flee (final use of the obedience formula)νῦν οὖν
Rebekah uses the same inferential command-opener (νῦν οὖν) for the third time (cf. vv.3, 8), creating a structural parallelism. The command to flee to Laban in Haran (Χαρραν) is presented as a matter of days (v.44), but Rebekah will never see Jacob again. The destination Χαρραν also sets up the Jacob-in-exile narrative of Gen 29–31.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
νῦνnowtemporal adverb→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
οὖνthereforeinferential connective (third use of νῦν οὖν in the chapter)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: 'therefore'; the third time the inferential command-opener is used (vv.3, 8, 43), creating a structural ring.
τέκνονchildVocativevocative (maternal address)→ direct addressτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as vocative (maternal address).
ἄκουσόνhearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀκούωimperative command (obedience formula)→ constative aorist imperativeἀκούω: the same obedience formula as in v.8 (ἄκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς), now used in the urgent context of flight.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with φωνῆς)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with φωνῆς).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of ἄκουσόν→ relational specificationφωνή: 'voice'; the obedience formula recurs for the third time (cf. vv.8, 13).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστὰςarisingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἀνίστημιattendant circumstance participle ('arise and flee')→ constative aoristἀνίστημι (aor. ptcp.): 'rise / get up'; the participle ἀναστάς + imperative is a Hebraizing idiom (קוּם + verb) marking the start of decisive action; here 'get up and go to meet.'
ἀπόδραθιfleeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀποδιδράσκωimperative command (urgent flight)→ constative aorist imperativeἀποδιδράσκω: 'flee / run away'; the urgency of the command is captured in the compound ἀπο- ('flee away'). This is not a leisurely journey but an emergency escape.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal of flight)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of flight).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜεσοποταμίανMesopotamiaAccusativeobject of εἰς (place of destination; proper name)→ participant identificationΜεσοποταμία: 'Mesopotamia' = 'the land between the rivers'; LXX rendering of Hebrew אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם ('Aram of the two rivers'); the region of northern Syria/SE Turkey where Laban lives.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (specific destination: Laban)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (specific destination: Laban).
ΛαβανLabanobject of πρός (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΛαβαν: LXX transliteration of Hebrew לָבָן (Lābān = 'white'); Rebekah's brother, Jacob's future father-in-law; indeclinable.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (appositive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφόνbrotherAccusativeappositive to Λαβαν→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother'; Rebekah's identification of Laban as 'my brother' (τὸν ἀδελφόν μου) explains Jacob's familial welcome.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (location of Laban)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location of Laban).
ΧαρρανHaranobject of εἰς (place-name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧαρραν: LXX transliteration of Hebrew חָרָן (Ḥārān); the city in upper Mesopotamia (modern Harran, SE Turkey) where Terah settled (Gen 11:31) and from which Abraham left (Gen 12:4); now Jacob's place of refuge.
44

καὶ οἴκει μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἡμέρας τινὰς ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι τὸν θυμὸν καὶ τὴν ὀργὴν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ἀπὸ σοῦ,

and dwell with him for some days until your brother's anger and wrath turn away from you,

Duration instruction (the temporary stay, optimistically framed)καὶ
Rebekah frames the exile as temporary — ἡμέρας τινὰς ('some days'). This is poignant dramatic irony: Jacob will be in Haran for twenty years (Gen 31:38–41), and Rebekah will die before his return. The paired nouns θυμόν καὶ ὀργήν ('anger and wrath') render the Hebrew idiom of intense fury (two nouns for rage), standard in the prophets for divine wrath but here used of Esau's murderous anger.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴκειdwellPres Act Impv 2 Sg · οἰκέωpresent imperative command ('keep dwelling')→ progressive imperative (ongoing sojourn)οἰκέω: 'dwell / live'; the present imperative stresses the ongoing nature of the dwelling — 'keep staying there until…'
μετ᾿withpreposition + genitive ('dwell with him')→ spatial or relational framingμετ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive ('dwell with him').
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive after μετά (Laban)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive after μετά (Laban).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; accusative of duration; ἡμέρας τινάς = 'a few days / for some time' — Rebekah's optimistic underestimate of the exile.
τινὰςsomeAccusativeindefinite pronoun (modifying ἡμέρας: 'some days')→ participant referenceτις: 'some / certain / a few'; the indefinite article signals that the duration is uncertain — and will turn out to be twenty years.
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction + articular infinitive ('until … turns')→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; with genitive articular infinitive ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστρέψαιto turn awayAor Act Inf · ἀποστρέφωarticular infinitive after ἕως (temporal: 'until the turning away')→ constative aorist (hoped-for point of resolution)ἀποστρέφω: 'turn away / return'; the hoped-for turning away of Esau's anger.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (subject of infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸνangerAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive (first of the paired nouns)→ object specificationθυμός: 'anger / fierce passion'; renders Hebrew אַף ('nose / anger'); the first of a anger-word pair.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (paired anger-nouns)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργὴνwrathAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive (second of paired nouns)→ object specificationὀργή: 'wrath / settled anger'; renders Hebrew חֵמָה ('heat / rage'); the pair θυμός/ὀργή is a standard LXX hendiadys for intense fury.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἀδελφοῦ: meaning 'brother'; it serves as genitive of possession.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: 'from you')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: 'from you').
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive after ἀπό→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive after ἀπό.
45

ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ἀπό σου καὶ ἐπιλάθηταί σε καὶ ἃ πεποίηκας αὐτῷ· καὶ ἀποστείλασα μεταπέμψομαί σε ἐκεῖθεν· μήποτε ἀτεκνωθῶ ἀπὸ τῶν δύο ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ.

until your brother's anger turns away from you and he forgets what you did to him; then I will send and bring you from there. Why should I be bereaved of both of you in one day?

Continuation of the duration clause + Rebekah's maternal fearἕως
The verse resumes the ἕως clause begun in v.44, but the final clause μήποτε ἀτεκνωθῶ ('lest I be bereaved') is the climax — Rebekah's stated motive is maternal self-preservation: the death-threat against Jacob means the potential loss of both sons in one day (Jacob killed, Esau executed for fratricide). The phrase ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ ('in one day') echoes the speed of the narrative in v.41. Poignant irony: Rebekah expects to summon Jacob after a few days but dies before he returns.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (resuming the until-clause from v.44)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστρέψαιto turn awayAor Act Inf · ἀποστρέφωarticular infinitive after ἕως→ constative aorist (the hoped-for resolution)ἀποστρέφω: 'turn away / turn back'; the same infinitive as in v.44, now with an additional clause (καὶ ἐπιλάθηταί) specifying the condition more fully.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (subject of infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸνangerAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ object specificationθυμὸν: meaning 'anger'; it serves as accusative subject of infinitive.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationἀδελφοῦ: meaning 'brother'; it serves as genitive of possession.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀπόfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
σουyouGenitivegenitive after ἀπό→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive after ἀπό.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθηταίforgetsAor Mid Subjunc 3 Sg · ἐπιλανθάνομαιsubjunctive in temporal clause (after ἕως)→ constative aorist subjunctiveἐπιλανθάνομαι: 'forget'; middle form; the forgetting is the second condition — beyond the turning of anger, Esau must actively cease to remember the wrong. Used in NT: Phil 3:13 (forgetting what lies behind).
σεyouAccusativedirect object of ἐπιλάθηταί→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπιλάθηταί.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative, object of forgets)→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (accusative, object of forgets).
πεποίηκαςyou have donePerf Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb in relative clause→ intensive perfect (the deed as a present fact with past cause)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the perfect tense (πεποίηκας) underlines that the deception is a done fact — Jacob has committed an irreversible act that now defines his relationship with Esau.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of indirect object (Esau)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object (Esau).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (new clause: the promised recall)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστείλασαsendingAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · ἀποστέλλωattendant circumstance participle→ constative aoristἀποστέλλω: meaning 'sending'; it contributes descriptive or attendant verbal force; here it functions as attendant circumstance participle.
μεταπέμψομαίI will send forFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · μεταπέμπωmain verb (promise of recall)→ predictive futureμεταπέμπομαι: 'send for / summon'; middle form emphasizing personal initiative; the promise is never fulfilled — Rebekah dies before Jacob returns (Gen 49:31 records her burial with no preceding reconciliation narrative).
σεyouAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (from Haran)→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μήποτεlestnegative purpose particle→ discourse linkage or contrastμήποτε: 'lest / in case'; introduces Rebekah's fear — the loss of both sons in a single day.
ἀτεκνωθῶI be bereavedAor Pass Subjunc 1 Sg · ἀτεκνόωsubjunctive in negative purpose clause→ constative aorist subjunctive (feared outcome)ἀτεκνόω: 'bereave of children / render childless'; renders Hebrew שָׁכַל ('be bereaved'). The feared scenario: Jacob killed by Esau, then Esau executed for the fratricide — both sons lost in one day.
ἀπὸofpreposition + genitive (partitive: bereaved of both)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: bereaved of both).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoGenitivenumeral adjective (both sons)→ measure or countδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὑμῶνof youGenitivegenitive of reference (you two = Jacob and Esau)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of reference (you two = Jacob and Esau).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time ('on one day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρᾳ: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative of time ('on one day').
μιᾷoneDativeattributive adjective→ measure or countεἷς/μία/ἕν: 'one'; ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ = 'in a single day' — the concentration of catastrophe underlines Rebekah's urgency.
46

εἶπεν δὲ Ρεβεκκα πρὸς Ισαακ Προσώχθικα τῇ ζωῇ μου διὰ τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Χετ· εἰ λήμψεται Ιακωβ γυναῖκα ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων τῆς γῆς ταύτης, ἵνατί μοι ζῆν;

And Rebekah said to Isaac, 'I am utterly weary of my life because of the daughters of the sons of Heth. If Jacob takes a wife from the daughters of this land, what is life to me?'

Rebekah's closing speech to Isaac: the pretext for the flightδέ
Rebekah now turns to Isaac with a different — and diplomatically shrewd — motive for sending Jacob away: not Esau's murderous grudge (which she cannot disclose without exposing the deception) but the horror of another Hittite marriage. The verb Προσώχθικα ('I am utterly weary / have come to loathe') is a perfect of strong aversion; the rhetorical question ἵνατί μοι ζῆν ('what is life to me?') is a Hebrew idiom of despair. The daughters of Heth (τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Χετ) are already mentioned in 26:35 as a grief to Isaac himself — Rebekah weaponizes Isaac's own sentiment. This is the final content anchor of the chapter and sets the stage for Gen 28:1–5 (Isaac's explicit commission to Jacob to go to Laban and take a wife from there).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δὲandpost-positive connective (mild development)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡεβεκκαRebekahsubject (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡεβεκκα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name, indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressee of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressee of speech).
ΙσαακIsaacaccusative object of πρός (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσαακ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (proper name, indeclinable).
ΠροσώχθικαI am utterly wearyPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · προσοχθίζωmain verb of direct speech→ intensive perfect (deeply-felt present state resulting from accumulated experience)προσοχθίζω: 'be vexed / disgusted / weary'; a strong verb of revulsion and exhaustion; renders Hebrew קַצְתִּי ('I loathe / am weary of'); the perfect tense (Προσώχθικα) expresses a present state of deep disgust arising from ongoing experience. The verb appears in Num 21:5; Ps 95:10 LXX (of God's weariness with the wilderness generation) — placing Rebekah's speech in the register of intense emotional exhaustion.
τῇwithDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωῇlifeDativedative of reference / cause with προσοχθίζω ('weary of my life')→ sphere or referenceζωή: 'life'; the phrase Προσώχθικα τῇ ζωῇ μου is a fixed Hebrew idiom of existential despair (qāṣtî bĕḥayyay, 'I loathe my life'), paralleled in Rebekah's situation (cf. Isaac's awareness of death in 27:2).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (cause)→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (cause).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativeaccusative object of διά (cause of the weariness)→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; the chapter's final content anchor — τῶν θυγατέρων τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Χετ (daughters of the sons of Heth). Esau's Hittite wives are already noted in 26:34–35 as grief to Isaac and Rebekah. Rebekah here weaponizes Isaac's own stated distress to win his support for Jacob's departure.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of possession.
τοῦofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧετHethgenitive of origin / ethnicity (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧετ: LXX transliteration of Hebrew חֵת (Ḥēṯ = Heth), eponymous ancestor of the Hittites; Esau's wives from this group (26:34) are the grief registered in 26:35. The ethnic designation drives Isaac's commission in Gen 28:1–2.
εἰifconditional particle (real condition)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: conditional 'if'; here introduces the feared scenario — possible but not yet actual.
λήμψεταιwill takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb in conditional protasis→ predictive future (the feared possibility)λαμβάνω: 'take'; λαμβάνειν γυναῖκα = standard LXX idiom for marrying; the future tense makes the scenario immediate and real.
ΙακωβJacobsubject (proper name, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (proper name, indeclinable).
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativedirect object (accusative in the 'take a wife' idiom)→ object specificationγυνή: 'woman / wife'; the same concern as 26:34–35 — Esau's Hittite wives are the paradigm Rebekah fears Jacob will follow.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: from the daughters of this land)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: from the daughters of this land).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέρωνdaughtersGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationθυγατέρων: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπό.
τῆςofGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of provenance→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; the daughters 'of this land' (τῆς γῆς ταύτης) = Canaanite women generally, with the Hittites as the specific referent.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative adjective.
ἵνατίwhyinterrogative particle (ἵνα τί = 'for what purpose / why'); introduces rhetorical question→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα τί: crasis of ἵνα + τί = 'why / to what end'; a Hebrew idiom לָמָּה לִי ('why for me?'); used rhetorically to express the meaninglessness of continued life in such a scenario.
μοιto meDativedative of advantage / reference ('what is life to me?')→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage / reference ('what is life to me?').
ζῆνto livePres Act Inf · ζάωsubstantival infinitive (subject of implied copula: 'what is living-for-me?')→ progressive / stative present infinitiveζάω: 'live / be alive'; the infinitive ζῆν as subject of an implied copula — 'why [is] living [worthwhile] for me?' — echoes the lament of Elijah (1 Kgs 19:4) and Job (3:20–23). The chapter ends with Rebekah's despair rather than triumph: the architect of the blessing ends in anguish, and her strategic plea conceals from Isaac the true cause of Jacob's flight.