1
Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως ἀνθρώπων· ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Αδαμ, κατ᾿ εἰκόνα θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτόν·
This is the book of the genesis of men. On the day that God made Adam, he made him in the image of God.
Asyndeton marks this as a formal heading — the toledoth formula (βίβλος γενέσεως) echoes 2:4 and titles the entire genealogical register. The relative clause gives the theological grounding for the list that follows: the human lineage proceeds from the image-bearer.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ΑὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun, subject→ participant referenceοὗτος fem. nom. sg.; cataphoric — points forward to ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως that follows.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίβλοςbookNominativepredicate nominative (subject of implied εἰμί)→ participant prominenceβίβλος: 'scroll / book / written register'; renders Hebrew סֵפֶר. The phrase βίβλος γενέσεως calques סֵפֶר תּוֹלְדֹת; Gen 2:4 uses the same formula (αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς), so the chapter echoes and develops the creation heading.
γενέσεωςof genesis / of originGenitivegenitive of content / objective genitive (the book records the genesis)→ relational specificationγένεσις: 'origin, birth, genealogy'; renders תּוֹלְדֹת (toledot), the Hebrew term for generational records or offspring-lists; the word gives the first book of the Bible its Greek and English name.
ἀνθρώπωνof men / of humanityGenitivegenitive of reference (the genesis concerns human beings)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: generic 'human being / mankind'; here the whole human line descended from Adam is in view.
ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun, dative of time→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'on which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun, dative of time.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (temporal frame: 'on the day when')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the phrase ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ calques Hebrew בְּיוֹם, a temporal idiom rendered literally.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (temporal relative clause)→ constative aorist (the single completed act of creation)ποιέω: 'make, create'; the standard LXX creation verb; recalls Gen 1:26–27 where God 'makes' (ἐποίησεν) humanity in the divine image.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativesubject→ participant prominenceθεός: LXX rendering of אֱלֹהִים; articular here as definite reference to the God of Genesis.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑδαμAdamindeclinable proper noun, direct object of ἐποίησεν→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliteration of Hebrew אָדָם, functioning both as proper name and as the generic word for 'human being / earthling' (from אֲדָמָה 'ground'); the LXX uses it as an indeclinable proper noun throughout Gen 5.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (standard of conformity)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (standard of conformity).
εἰκόναimageAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (norm: 'according to / in accordance with the image')→ object specificationεἰκών: 'image, likeness'; renders צֶלֶם; the imago Dei formula (κατ᾿ εἰκόνα θεοῦ) is programmatic in Gen 1:26–27; 5:1; 9:6. In Pauline theology (Col 1:15; 2 Cor 4:4) Christ is the εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ in whom the image is restored.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of reference (whose image it is)→ relational specificationθεοῦ: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive of reference (whose image it is).
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of principal clause→ constative aoristποιέω: summarises the king's deeds.
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object (accusative pronoun)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (accusative pronoun).
2
ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς, καὶ εὐλόγησεν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν Αδαμ, ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς.
Male and female he made them, and he blessed them, and named their name Adam on the day he made them.
Asyndeton continues the heading unit; the verse summarises Gen 1:27–28 (image, male/female, blessing) and crucially applies the name 'Adam' to both (τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν Αδαμ) — the generic name covers the couple. This framing grounds the genealogy theologically before the sequence begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἄρσενmaleAccusativedirect object (double accusative with θῆλυ: 'male and female he made them')→ object specificationἄρσεν (neut. of ἄρσην): 'male'; paired with θῆλυ in a formula calquing זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה (Gen 1:27); cited in Matt 19:4; Gal 3:28.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θῆλυfemaleAccusativedirect object (paired with ἄρσεν)→ object specificationθῆλυ (neut. of θῆλυς): 'female'; renders נְקֵבָה; the neuter gender of both ἄρσεν and θῆλυ in Greek is grammatical, not deprecatory.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: summarises the king's deeds.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential action)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενhe blessedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐλογέωmain verb→ constative aorist (the single foundational blessing)εὐλογέω: 'bless, speak well of'; renders בֵּרַךְ; the blessing of 1:28 (be fruitful, multiply, fill the earth, rule) is presupposed — the genealogy about to unfold is the enactment of that fruitful blessing.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπωνόμασενhe namedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπονομάζωmain verb→ constative aoristἐπονομάζω: 'name, call by name'; renders קָרָא שֵׁם; the double accusative construction (ὄνομα + Αδαμ) is Semitic in character.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object (double object of ἐπωνόμασεν: 'named their name Adam')→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; the phrase τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν Αδαμ applies the corporate name 'Adam' to the couple — a striking touch making 'Adam' the name of the human species, not only the individual.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
ΑδαμAdamindeclinable proper noun, appositive predicate naming the name→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, appositive predicate naming the name.
ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun, dative of time→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'on which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun, dative of time.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρᾳ: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative of time.
ἐποίησενhe madeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (temporal)→ constative aoristποιέω: summarises the king's deeds.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
3
ἔζησεν δὲ Αδαμ διακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν κατὰ τὴν ἰδέαν αὐτοῦ καὶ κατὰ τὴν εἰκόνα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Σηθ.
And Adam lived two hundred and thirty years and begat a son in his own likeness and after his own image, and named his name Seth.
δέ marks the shift from the heading (vv.1–2) into the genealogical narrative proper. The first entry begins the strict formula: age at begetting, description, naming. The mirror-image language (κατὰ τὴν ἰδέαν … κατὰ τὴν εἰκόνα) echoes 5:1 and signals that the image is transmitted through the genealogy.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb (formula-opening verb of the genealogical template)→ constative aorist (summarising a span of life)ζάω: 'live'; the repeated ἔζησεν … ἔτη is the liturgical opening of each genealogical entry, rendering Hebrew וַיְחִי … שָׁנָה; it counts years of life before the named begetting.
δὲand / nowpostpositive particle (transitional, mild contrast with heading)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑδαμAdamindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
διακόσιαtwo hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (with ἔτη)→ object specificationδιακόσιοι: 'two hundred'; LXX figure for Adam's age at begetting Seth is 230 years; the MT has 130. This +100 divergence is characteristic of the LXX primeval chronology and is the crux discussed in the text_note.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (numeral link)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (continuing the numeral phrase)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: indeclinable numeral '30'; combined with διακόσια and ἔτη to give 230.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτος: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the accusative of time-extent is standard LXX practice for duration expressions.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential narrative)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical formula: begetting)→ constative aorist (single completed generative act)γεννάω: 'beget / father'; renders the Hiphil of יָלַד; the formulaic repetition ἐγέννησεν in each genealogical entry is the structural backbone of the chapter.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard of conformity)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (standard of conformity).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδέανform / likenessAccusativeaccusative, object of κατά (norm of likeness)→ object specificationἰδέα: 'form, appearance, likeness'; rare in LXX; chosen alongside εἰκόνα to render the Hebrew pair בִּדְמוּתוֹ כְּצַלְמוֹ — the son is made in the father's own form, which is itself patterned on the divine image (v.1), showing the continuity of the imago Dei across generations.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive (Adam's own likeness)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (Adam's own likeness).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (second standard of conformity)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (second standard of conformity).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκόναimageAccusativeaccusative, object of κατά→ object specificationεἰκών: see v.1; here referring to Adam's image rather than the divine image directly — though the theologically intentional echo of v.1 suggests the divine image is transmitted through Adam to Seth.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπωνόμασενhe namedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπονομάζωmain verb (naming formula)→ constative aoristἐπονομάζω (aor.): 'named / called'; the aorist ἐπωνόμασεν gives the Amorite name as a settled past designation, paired with the present-tense Phoenician usage.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as direct object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
ΣηθSethindeclinable proper noun, appositive predicate (name given)→ participant identificationΣηθ: transliteration of שֵׁת; the name may derive from שִׁית 'appoint / set' — Eve's etymology in 4:25 ('God has appointed me another seed') — though the LXX does not here reproduce that etymology.
4
ἐγένοντο δὲ αἱ ἡμέραι Αδαμ, μεθ᾿ ὃ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σηθ, ἑπτακόσια ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And the days of Adam after he begat Seth were seven hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters.
The standard second segment of the tripartite formula: years lived after the named begetting + notice of other children. The phrase 'sons and daughters' is formulaic throughout the chapter, acknowledging the breadth of each patriarch's family without naming them.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐγένοντοwere / becameAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential: 'there were')→ constative aorist (summary of a life-span)γίνομαι: 'be, become, come to pass'; ἐγένοντο αἱ ἡμέραι = 'the days of X were Y years' is the standard formula for the second segment, rendering Hebrew וַיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי.
δὲand / nowpostpositive particle (mild transition within the entry)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; plural 'the days of Adam' = his total remaining lifespan; a Hebraizing idiom (יְמֵי).
ΑδαμAdamindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession (the days belonging to Adam)→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession (the days belonging to Adam).
μεθ᾿afterpreposition + accusative (temporal: after the point of begetting)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + accusative: 'after'; the phrase μεθ᾿ ὃ ἐγέννησεν specifies the temporal start of the counted years.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun, accusative (object of μετά in temporal clause)→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun, accusative (object of μετά in temporal clause).
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣηθSethindeclinable proper noun, object of ἐγέννησεν→ participant identificationΣηθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of ἐγέννησεν.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredNominativepredicate (with ἔτη: subject complement of ἐγένοντο)→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: '700'; LXX and MT agree on 700 years after Seth's birth; Adam's total lifespan = 230 + 700 = 930 (v.5).
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject (with ἡμέραι: the years are the days)→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject (with ἡμέραι: the years are the days).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (formulaic: other offspring)→ constative aorist (iterative over centuries)γεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; plural, with θυγατέρας, gives the formulaic notice of unnamed children filling the earth.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object (paired with υἱούς)→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; renders בָּנוֹת; the formulaic pair υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας is repeated in every entry to vv. 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 26, 30.
5
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Αδαμ, ἃς ἔζησεν, ἐννακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Adam which he lived were nine hundred and thirty years, and he died.
The death notice καὶ ἀπέθανεν closes every entry through v.31 (Enoch excepted at v.24). The word πᾶσαι ('all') adds solemnity to the summation of a total lifespan. The tolling cadence of ἀπέθανεν across the chapter enacts the decree of Gen 2:17 and 3:19 ('for dust you are').
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential closure)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential summary)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective, predicate (modifying αἱ ἡμέραι)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; the addition of πᾶσαι in the total-years formula (vs. the partial formula of v.4) signals this is the summation entry.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΑδαμAdamindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΑδαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun, accusative (object of ἔζησεν: 'which he lived')→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun, accusative (object of ἔζησεν: 'which he lived').
ἔζησενhe livedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ἐννακόσιαnine hundredNominativepredicate numeral (subject complement of ἐγένοντο)→ participant prominenceἐννακόσιοι: '900'; LXX and MT agree: 930 total years for Adam.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (numeral link)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativepredicate numeral (continuing the numeral phrase)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject (appositive to ἡμέραι: 'all the days … were 930 years')→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject (appositive to ἡμέραι: 'all the days … were 930 years').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death notice — closure formula)→ constative aorist (single completed event: death)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the formulaic καὶ ἀπέθανεν closes every genealogical entry (except Enoch's, v.24), its staccato repetition embodying the sentence of Gen 3:19 ('you are dust, and to dust you shall return'). The absence of this formula in Enoch's entry is the chapter's most arresting moment.
6
ἔζησεν δὲ Σηθ διακόσια καὶ πέντε ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ενως.
And Seth lived two hundred and five years and begat Enosh.
The strict tripartite formula begins for Seth: age at begetting (205 LXX; 105 MT — a +100 divergence), remainder (v.7), total (v.8), death notice (v.8). The formula will repeat with minor variation through v.31.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb (formula-opening)→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
δὲand / nowpostpositive particle (transitional, new entry)→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣηθSethindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΣηθ: son of Adam (vv.3–5); second patriarch of the primeval line.
διακόσιαtwo hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX: 205 years before begetting Enosh; MT: 105. The LXX figure (+100) is part of the systematic chronological expansion discussed in the text_note.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (continuing numeral phrase)→ measure or countπέντε: indeclinable '5'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (sequential action)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνωςEnoshindeclinable proper noun, direct object of ἐγέννησεν→ participant identificationΕνως: LXX form of Hebrew אֱנוֹשׁ ('mortal man / human being'); third patriarch of the line.
7
καὶ ἔζησεν Σηθ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Ενως ἑπτακόσια καὶ ἑπτὰ ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Seth lived after he begat Enosh seven hundred and seven years, and he begat sons and daughters.
The articular infinitive μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτόν is an alternative formulation to the relative clause μεθ᾿ ὃ ἐγέννησεν of v.4; both render Hebrew אַחֲרֵי הוֹלִידוֹ. LXX: 707 remaining years; MT: 807.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΣηθSethindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΣηθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal complement of μετά)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: articular infinitive after μετά to express time after an event; a common LXX Hebraism rendering the Hebrew infinitive construct with אַחֲרֵי.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνωςEnoshindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΕνως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX: 707; MT: 807 — the LXX is 100 shorter here because it added 100 to the begetting age in v.6.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (continuing numeral)→ measure or countἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
8
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Σηθ ἐννακόσια καὶ δώδεκα ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years, and he died.
Total: 205 + 707 = 912 (LXX); MT likewise gives 912. The death-notice closes the entry.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΣηθSethindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΣηθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἐννακόσιαnine hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceἐννακόσια: meaning 'nine hundred'; it serves as predicate numeral.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώδεκαtwelveNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceδώδεκα: indeclinable '12'; LXX and MT agree on Seth's total of 912 years.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice formula)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 7.
9
καὶ ἔζησεν Ενως ἑκατὸν καὶ ἐνενήκοντα ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Καιναν.
And Enosh lived one hundred and ninety years and begat Kenan.
Enosh's entry begins. LXX: 190 years before Kenan; MT: 90 (again +100 in the LXX). The pattern of LXX chronological expansion continues without interruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΕνωςEnoshindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΕνως: LXX form of אֱנוֹשׁ; son of Seth, grandson of Adam.
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑκατόν: indeclinable '100'; LXX: 190 before Kenan; MT: 90.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνενήκονταninetyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἐνενήκοντα: indeclinable '90'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαινανKenanindeclinable proper noun, direct object→ participant identificationΚαιναν: LXX form of Hebrew קֵינָן; fourth patriarch. The LXX inserts a second Καιναν after Arphaxad in Gen 11:12–13 (not in the MT), making Luke's genealogy (Luke 3:36–37) agree with the LXX.
10
καὶ ἔζησεν Ενως μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Καιναν ἑπτακόσια καὶ δεκαπέντε ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Enosh lived after he begat Kenan seven hundred and fifteen years, and he begat sons and daughters.
LXX: 715 after Kenan; MT: 815 — the 100-year reduction in the post-begetting span compensates for the 100 added to the pre-begetting age, keeping the totals coherent (LXX total for Enosh: 905 years = 190 + 715; MT: 905 = 90 + 815). The total is identical, which shows the systematic structure of the LXX adjustment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΕνωςEnoshindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΕνως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαινανKenanindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΚαιναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἑπτακόσια: meaning 'seven hundred'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεκαπέντεfifteenAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationδεκαπέντε: indeclinable '15'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
11
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Ενως ἐννακόσια καὶ πέντε ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Enosh were nine hundred and five years, and he died.
Total 905 (= 190 + 715 LXX; = 90 + 815 MT — identical totals). The death-notice tolls again.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΕνωςEnoshindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΕνως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἐννακόσιαnine hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceἐννακόσια: meaning 'nine hundred'; it serves as predicate numeral.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice formula)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 7.
12
καὶ ἔζησεν Καιναν ἑκατὸν καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Μαλελεηλ.
And Kenan lived one hundred and seventy years and begat Mahalalel.
Kenan's begetting age: LXX 170; MT 70 (+100 again). The inexorable formula continues.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΚαινανKenanindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΚαιναν: son of Enosh, fourth patriarch.
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countLXX: 170; MT: 70.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: indeclinable '70'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαλελεηλMahalalelindeclinable proper noun, direct object→ participant identificationΜαλελεηλ: LXX form of Hebrew מַהֲלַלְאֵל ('praise of God'); fifth patriarch of the line.
13
καὶ ἔζησεν Καιναν μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Μαλελεηλ ἑπτακόσια καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Kenan lived after he begat Mahalalel seven hundred and forty years, and he begat sons and daughters.
LXX: 740 remaining; MT: 840. Total: 910 (both LXX and MT agree on Kenan's total).
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΚαινανKenanindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΚαιναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαλελεηλMahalalelindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΜαλελεηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX: 740; MT: 840.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: indeclinable '40'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
14
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Καιναν ἐννακόσια καὶ δέκα ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Kenan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died.
Total 910 years; LXX and MT agree on Kenan's total lifespan.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΚαινανKenanindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΚαιναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἐννακόσιαnine hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceἐννακόσια: meaning 'nine hundred'; it serves as predicate numeral.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtenNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countδέκα: indeclinable '10'.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice formula)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 7.
15
καὶ ἔζησεν Μαλελεηλ ἑκατὸν καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ιαρεδ.
And Mahalalel lived one hundred and sixty-five years and begat Jared.
Mahalalel's begetting age: LXX 165; MT 65 (+100). The pattern is unbroken through Jared.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΜαλελεηλMahalalelindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΜαλελεηλ: fifth patriarch; 'praise of God'.
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countLXX: 165; MT: 65.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: indeclinable '60'.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαρεδJaredindeclinable proper noun, direct object→ participant identificationΙαρεδ: LXX form of Hebrew יֶרֶד ('descent / descend'); sixth patriarch, father of Enoch.
16
καὶ ἔζησεν Μαλελεηλ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Ιαρεδ ἑπτακόσια καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Mahalalel lived after he begat Jared seven hundred and thirty years, and he begat sons and daughters.
LXX: 730 remaining; MT: 830. Total Mahalalel: 895 (both LXX and MT agree).
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΜαλελεηλMahalalelindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΜαλελεηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαρεδJaredindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΙαρεδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX: 730; MT: 830.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
17
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Μαλελεηλ ὀκτακόσια καὶ ἐνενήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred and ninety-five years, and he died.
Total 895; LXX and MT agree. Death-notice.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΜαλελεηλMahalalelindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΜαλελεηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ὀκτακόσιαeight hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceὀκτακόσιοι: '800'.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνενήκονταninetyNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countἐνενήκοντα: meaning 'ninety'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 7.
18
καὶ ἔζησεν Ιαρεδ ἑκατὸν καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ δύο ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ενωχ.
And Jared lived one hundred and sixty-two years and begat Enoch.
Jared's begetting age: LXX 162; MT 162 — one of the few points where LXX and MT agree on the pre-begetting age. Jared is the last patriarch before the exceptional Enoch.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΙαρεδJaredindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΙαρεδ: sixth patriarch, father of Enoch; LXX and MT agree on his begetting age (162).
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countLXX = MT: 162.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countδύο: indeclinable '2'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνωχEnochindeclinable proper noun, direct object→ participant identificationΕνωχ: LXX form of Hebrew חֲנוֹךְ ('dedicated / initiated'); seventh patriarch, the figure who will not die (v.24).
19
καὶ ἔζησεν Ιαρεδ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Ενωχ ὀκτακόσια ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters.
LXX: 800 after Enoch; MT: 800 — LXX and MT agree on this figure. Total Jared: 962.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΙαρεδJaredindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΙαρεδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνωχEnochindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΕνωχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
ὀκτακόσιαeight hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX = MT: 800.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
20
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Ιαρεδ ἐννακόσια καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ δύο ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years, and he died.
Total 962 years; LXX and MT agree. The last death-notice before the anomalous Enoch passage.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΙαρεδJaredindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΙαρεδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἐννακόσιαnine hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceἐννακόσια: meaning 'nine hundred'; it serves as predicate numeral.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 7.
21
καὶ ἔζησεν Ενωχ ἑκατὸν καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Μαθουσαλα.
And Enoch lived one hundred and sixty-five years and begat Methuselah.
Enoch's entry begins with the standard formula but will terminate exceptionally at v.24. Begetting age: LXX 165; MT 65 (+100 again). Note the symmetry: Mahalalel (v.15) also has LXX 165.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΕνωχEnochindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΕνωχ: seventh patriarch; his name (חֲנוֹךְ) may mean 'dedicated.' He is the seventh from Adam, a position with numerological significance in Jewish tradition (cf. Jude 14; 1 En.).
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countLXX: 165; MT: 65.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαθουσαλαMethuselahindeclinable proper noun, direct object→ participant identificationΜαθουσαλα: LXX form of Hebrew מְתוּשֶׁלַח; eighth patriarch, proverbially the oldest man (969 years, v.27).
22
καὶ εὐηρέστησεν Ενωχ τῷ θεῷ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Μαθουσαλα διακόσια ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Enoch was well-pleasing to God after he begat Methuselah two hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters.
The second segment is transformed: instead of 'Enoch lived X years' we read 'Enoch was well-pleasing to God … two hundred years.' εὐηρέστησεν replaces ἔζησεν — piety language replaces biological notation. The verb will recur at v.24 as the theological explanation for the translation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐηρέστησενwas well-pleasingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐαρεστέωmain verb (replacing ἔζησεν in the formula — the theological pivot)→ constative aorist (a lifetime of pleasing God collapsed into a single statement)εὐαρεστέω: 'be well-pleasing, please (someone)'; renders Hebrew הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים ('walked with God'), domesticating the intimate 'walking' idiom into Greek piety-vocabulary. The aorist is constative over the entire 200 years. The word is key at Heb 11:5 (ὅτι μεμαρτύρηται εὐαρεστηκέναι τῷ θεῷ).
ΕνωχEnochindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΕνωχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodDativedative of person (with εὐαρεστέω: 'well-pleasing to God')→ sphere or referenceθεός: dative complement of εὐαρεστέω; the articular θεῷ (not ἀνθρώποις) specifies that Enoch's excellence is directed to God, not merely social respectability.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαθουσαλαMethuselahindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΜαθουσαλα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
διακόσιαtwo hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX: 200 years; MT: 300. The LXX total for Enoch is 365 (= 165 + 200); MT also 365 (= 65 + 300). The totals agree — 365 perhaps evoking the solar year.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
23
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Ενωχ τριακόσια καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἔτη.
And all the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty-five years.
The total-lifespan formula appears but is immediately interrupted: the death-notice is absent (καὶ ἀπέθανεν does NOT follow). The silence is deafening after the tolling repetition of ten entries. 365 years — the solar year — may be intentional symbolism, contrasting with the multi-century spans of all others.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΕνωχEnochindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΕνωχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
τριακόσιαthree hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι: '300'. Enoch's total: 365 years. LXX and MT agree on 365.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτος: note the verse ends here — καὶ ἀπέθανεν is conspicuously absent; v.24 will explain why.
24
καὶ εὐηρέστησεν Ενωχ τῷ θεῷ, καὶ οὐχ ηὑρίσκετο, ὅτι μετέθηκεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός.
And Enoch was well-pleasing to God, and was not found, because God translated him.
The death-notice is replaced entirely by the translation. εὐηρέστησεν repeats from v.22, reinforcing piety as the cause. οὐχ ηὑρίσκετο (imperfect: 'was not being found') is notable — the imperfect may indicate ongoing fruitless searching. The causal ὅτι clause gives the theological reason: God himself removed him. This verse is directly quoted in Heb 11:5 (LXX) as a proof-text for faith.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐηρέστησενwas well-pleasingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐαρεστέωmain verb (resumed from v.22 — theological explanation of the non-death)→ constative aorist (summary of a life of piety)εὐαρεστέω: repeated from v.22; the repetition forms a bracket around the lifespan notice (v.23) and signals that piety, not longevity, is the key fact about Enoch. Cited verbatim in Heb 11:5.
ΕνωχEnochindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΕνωχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodDativedative of person (complement of εὐαρεστέω)→ sphere or referenceθεῷ: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative of person (complement of εὐαρεστέω).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adversative nuance: 'and yet')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (before rough breathing οὐχ): standard indicative negation.
ηὑρίσκετοwas found / was being foundImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωmain verb (passive imperfect — prolonged not-finding)→ progressive imperfect (ongoing state of absence; people kept searching and not finding him)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; the passive + imperfect 'was not being found' renders Hebrew אֵינֶנּוּ כִּי לָקַח ('he was not, for God took him'). The imperfect suggests that searchers repeatedly sought him in vain — a narrative of absence rather than a single event. Heb 11:5 cites this clause as evidence of Enoch's translation before his death.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: causal, giving the reason for Enoch's non-findability.
μετέθηκενtranslated / transferredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · μετατίθημιmain verb of causal clause→ constative aorist (single divine act of transfer)μετατίθημι: 'transfer, transpose, translate'; renders Hebrew לָקַח ('take'); in LXX usage the compound μετα-τίθημι carries the sense of translocation from one realm to another. The word passed into the Christian theological vocabulary of 'translation to glory' (cf. Heb 11:5 μετετέθη; Sir 44:16; 49:14). The subject is ὁ θεός — God himself is the actor, not death.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativesubject (emphatic position: God, not death, is the final actor)→ participant prominenceθεός: placed last for emphasis — the translation is God's unilateral deed. The contrast with the formulaic καὶ ἀπέθανεν of every other entry is the theological statement of the verse.
25
καὶ ἔζησεν Μαθουσαλα ἑκατὸν καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ἑπτὰ ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Λαμεχ.
And Methuselah lived one hundred and eighty-seven years and begat Lamech.
The formula resumes after the Enoch exception. Methuselah's begetting age: LXX 187; MT 187 — LXX and MT agree. The transition back to the standard formula underscores Enoch's singularity.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΜαθουσαλαMethuselahindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΜαθουσαλα: eighth patriarch; will live to 969 years (v.27), the longest lifespan in the chapter.
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countLXX = MT: 187.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: indeclinable '80'.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛαμεχLamechindeclinable proper noun, direct object→ participant identificationΛαμεχ: LXX form of Hebrew לֶמֶךְ; ninth patriarch; he will give Noah his name-etymology at v.29.
26
καὶ ἔζησεν Μαθουσαλα μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Λαμεχ ἑπτακόσια καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ δύο ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred and eighty-two years, and he begat sons and daughters.
LXX: 782 remaining; MT: 782 — LXX and MT agree. Total Methuselah: 969 (= 187 + 782). This agreement on the total, despite divergences elsewhere, is noted in the text_note as possibly intentional to keep Methuselah's death from falling after the Flood.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΜαθουσαλαMethuselahindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΜαθουσαλα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛαμεχLamechindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΛαμεχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationLXX = MT: 782.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: meaning 'eighty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
27
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Μαθουσαλα ἐννακόσια καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ ἐννέα ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years, and he died.
Total 969 years — the longest lifespan in the register, identical in LXX and MT. The death-notice returns after the Enoch exception.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΜαθουσαλαMethuselahindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΜαθουσαλα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἐννακόσιαnine hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominence969: the longest lifespan in the chapter; LXX = MT.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐννέαnineNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countἐννέα: indeclinable '9'.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 7.
28
καὶ ἔζησεν Λαμεχ ἑκατὸν καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱόν.
And Lamech lived one hundred and eighty-eight years and begat a son.
Lamech's begetting age: LXX 188; MT 182. The son is not yet named — the naming and etymology follow in v.29 as an expansion of the formula, making Noah's entry the most rhetorically developed since Adam's.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΛαμεχLamechindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΛαμεχ: ninth patriarch; his name matches the Cainite Lamech (Gen 4:18–24) — a deliberate parallel by the narrator. LXX: 188 before Noah; MT: 182.
ἑκατὸνone hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countLXX: 188; MT: 182.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: meaning 'eighty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτὼeightAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countὀκτώ: indeclinable '8'.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula)→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱόνa sonAccusativedirect object (anarthrous — the son is introduced, name deferred to v.29)→ object specificationυἱός: anarthrous, signalling a new character whose identity will be disclosed in the following verse with name and etymology.
29
καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Νωε λέγων· οὗτος διαναπαύσει ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἡμῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν λυπῶν τῶν χειρῶν ἡμῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, ἧς κατηράσατο κύριος ὁ θεός.
And he named his name Noah, saying: 'This one will give us rest from our works and from the griefs of our hands and from the earth which the LORD God cursed.'
This is the only speech in the chapter, breaking the formulaic silence. The name-etymology connects Νωε with διαναπαύω ('give rest') — a forward pointer to the Flood's aftermath and the re-creation of Gen 8–9. The mention of κύριος ὁ θεός (the double divine name) and the cursed ground (ἧς κατηράσατο) back-references Gen 3:17–18, situating Noah as the answer to the Adamic curse.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπωνόμασενhe namedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπονομάζωmain verb (naming formula, as in vv. 2, 3)→ constative aoristἐπονομάζω (aor.): 'named / called'; the aorist ἐπωνόμασεν gives the Amorite name as a settled past designation, paired with the present-tense Phoenician usage.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as direct object.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
ΝωεNoahindeclinable proper noun, appositive predicate (name given)→ participant identificationΝωε: LXX form of Hebrew נֹחַ; the etymology is derived from נוּחַ 'rest.' The Greek verb διαναπαύω is chosen to capture this, though the connection is translational: νοῦχ > Νωε is not etymologically obvious in Greek — the LXX supplies the intended sense.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptc Nom Sg Masc · λέγωadverbial participle (attendant circumstance / manner of the naming)→ historical present participle (contemporaneous with the naming)λέγω: the participle introduces direct speech in LXX narrative; the formula ἐπωνόμασεν … λέγων is the standard LXX naming-with-explanation construction.
οὗτοςthis oneNominativedemonstrative pronoun, subject (referring to the newborn son)→ participant referenceοὗτος: emphatic demonstrative — 'this one, and no other' — Lamech singles out Noah as the one who will break the curse.
διαναπαύσειwill give restFut Act Indic 3 Sg · διαναπαύωmain verb (name-etymology prophecy)→ predictive future (Lamech's forward-looking declaration)διαναπαύω: 'give complete rest, cause to rest thoroughly' (διά + ἀναπαύω); the compound intensifies the rest. This is the LXX's rendering of the Hiphil יְנַחֲמֵנוּ 'will comfort us' (from נחם, not נוח), which raises a lexical question — the LXX seems to assimilate the name-etymology to the related root נוח ('rest') rather than נחם ('comfort'). This may be an intentional explanatory rendering, or a reading of a different Vorlage.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation: the rest is from these things)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: the rest is from these things).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworks / laboursGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἔργον: 'work, labour'; the post-Adamic toil is in view (Gen 3:17–19); Noah's rest will be from ἔργα, the painful labour of cursed existence.
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (second separative phrase)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (second separative phrase).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυπῶνgriefs / painsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationλύπη: 'grief, pain, sorrow'; the LXX adds this alongside ἔργων, heightening the emotional dimension of the curse's burden. The pair ἔργα / λύπαι maps onto the double curse of Gen 3:16–19 (pain in childbirth and toil in the ground).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsGenitivegenitive of reference ('the griefs of our hands' = the painful labour our hands do)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; the idiom λύπαι τῶν χειρῶν = the grief / pain associated with manual labour; an elaboration of the Adamic curse.
ἡμῶνourGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (third separative phrase)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (third separative phrase).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearth / groundGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationγῆ: 'earth, ground'; the cursed ground of Gen 3:17 (ἐπικατάρατος ἡ γῆ) is directly in view.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun, genitive (object of κατηράσατο)→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun, genitive (object of κατηράσατο).
κατηράσατοcursedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταράομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (referring back to the foundational curse of Gen 3:17)καταράομαι: 'curse'; the aorist looks back to God's curse on the ground (Gen 3:17); the middle voice is standard in LXX for this verb. The back-reference to the fall grounds Lamech's prophecy in the narrative of Gen 3 and gives Noah's story its theological weight.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: 'Lord'; LXX rendering of יהוה; this verse uses the double name κύριος ὁ θεός as in Gen 2–3, distinguishing it from the bare ὁ θεός of the rest of ch.5.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodNominativesubject (appositive to κύριος)→ participant prominenceθεός: the compound κύριος ὁ θεός (יהוה אֱלֹהִים) echoes the Eden narrative (Gen 2–3) and distinguishes this verse from the Elohistic frame of the rest of the chapter.
30
καὶ ἔζησεν Λαμεχ μετὰ τὸ γεννῆσαι αὐτὸν τὸν Νωε πεντακόσια καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ πέντε ἔτη, καὶ ἐγέννησεν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.
And Lamech lived after he begat Noah five hundred and sixty-five years, and he begat sons and daughters.
LXX: 565 years after Noah; MT: 595. Total Lamech: LXX 753; MT 777. The figures diverge between LXX and MT here.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζησενlivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb→ constative aoristζάω (aor. ἔζησεν): 'live / come to life'; renders חָיָה; the ingressive aorist marks the dead man's revival upon contact with the bones.
ΛαμεχLamechindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΛαμεχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, subject.
μετὰafterpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + articular infinitive (temporal).
τὸtheAccusativearticle with infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεννῆσαιbegettingAor Act Inf · γεννάωarticular infinitive (temporal)→ constative aorist infinitiveγεννάω: meaning 'begetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of infinitive.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝωεNoahindeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive→ participant identificationΝωε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, object of infinitive.
πεντακόσιαfive hundredAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationπεντακόσιοι: '500'; LXX: 565; MT: 595.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: meaning 'sixty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ measure or countπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent of time→ object specificationἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative of extent of time.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb→ constative aoristγεννάω: see v.8.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationυἱοὺς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραςdaughtersAccusativedirect object→ object specificationθυγατέρας: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as direct object.
31
καὶ ἐγένοντο πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι Λαμεχ ἑπτακόσια καὶ πεντήκοντα καὶ τρία ἔτη, καὶ ἀπέθανεν.
And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and fifty-three years, and he died.
Total LXX: 753 years (= 188 + 565); MT: 777 (= 182 + 595). The figures diverge — one of the later LXX–MT divergences in the chapter. The death-notice is the penultimate tolling of the formula; only Noah's entry will follow, and it will not end with death.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; the days 'became twenty years', a summation of the elapsed period.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective modifying ἡμέραι→ participant prominenceπᾶσαι: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjective modifying ἡμέραι.
αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἡμέραι: meaning 'days'; it serves as subject.
ΛαμεχLamechindeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession→ participant identificationΛαμεχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of possession.
ἑπτακόσιαseven hundredNominativepredicate numeral→ participant prominenceLXX: 753; MT: 777.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: indeclinable '50'.
καὶandnumeral conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίαthreeNominativepredicate numeral→ measure or countτρία: neuter of τρεῖς '3'.
ἔτηyearsNominativesubject→ participant prominenceἔτη: meaning 'years'; it serves as subject.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-notice — the last tolling of the formula)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: the final καὶ ἀπέθανεν in the chapter — after this, Noah's entry will be open-ended, the death-notice withheld, the story moving forward to the Flood.
32
καὶ ἦν Νωε ἐτῶν πεντακοσίων καὶ ἐγέννησεν Νωε τὸν Σημ, τὸν Χαμ, τὸν Ιαφεθ.
And Noah was five hundred years old, and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
Noah's entry is radically abbreviated: no post-begetting lifespan, no 'sons and daughters', no death-notice. Instead of the formula closing, three named sons appear — Σημ, Χαμ, Ιαφεθ — whose stories will fill Gen 6–10. The chapter ends not with death but with the beginning of the next generation, holding the narrative in suspension before the Flood.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (stative: age-statement formula)→ progressive imperfect (Noah was, at that point, five hundred years old)εἰμί: the age-formula ἦν ἐτῶν πεντακοσίων (genitive of age) is unusual — elsewhere the chapter uses ἔζησεν + accusative of time. This genitive-of-age construction (lit. 'was of five hundred years') is a Hebraism (בֶּן-חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה).
ΝωεNoahindeclinable proper noun, subject→ participant identificationΝωε: tenth and final patriarch of the primeval register; son of Lamech; survivor of the Flood; the one who will 'give rest' (v.29).
ἐτῶνof yearsGenitivegenitive of age (partitive genitive: 'of five-hundred years')→ relational specificationἔτος: genitive of age is a Hebraism, calquing בֶּן + numeral.
πεντακοσίωνfive hundredGenitivegenitive of age (with ἐτῶν)→ relational specificationπεντακόσιοι: '500'; the age is given in full as a round number — contrast the specific figures for previous patriarchs. LXX and MT agree: 500 years.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (resumptive: moves to the act of begetting)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησενhe begatAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (begetting formula — but here all three sons are named)→ constative aoristγεννάω: unlike all previous entries where only one heir is named and the rest are summarised as 'sons and daughters', here three sons are named — because all three are protagonists of the next narrative unit (Gen 6–10).
ΝωεNoahindeclinable proper noun, subject (repeated for emphasis)→ participant identificationThe name is repeated — unusual in the formula — perhaps for solemnity at the end of the register.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣημShemindeclinable proper noun, direct object (first-named son)→ participant identificationΣημ: LXX form of Hebrew שֵׁם ('name'); ancestor of the Semitic peoples; listed first as the covenantal heir (Gen 9:26; 11:10ff).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαμHamindeclinable proper noun, direct object (second son)→ participant identificationΧαμ: LXX form of Hebrew חָם; ancestor of African and Canaanite peoples; his story turns negative in Gen 9:20–27.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαφεθJaphethindeclinable proper noun, direct object (third son)→ participant identificationΙαφεθ: LXX form of Hebrew יֶפֶת; ancestor of the Indo-European peoples (table of nations, Gen 10:2–5); the name-play יֶפֶת/יַפְתְּ is in Gen 9:27 ('God will enlarge Japheth'). All three names are indeclinable in the LXX. These three sons close the antediluvian register and open the flood narrative.