1
ἀκούσατε τὸν λόγον κυρίου ὃν ἐλάλησεν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς οἶκος Ισραηλ
Hear the word of the Lord that he spoke over you, O house of Israel.
Begins by demanding covenant attention from the house of Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
τάδε λέγει κύριος κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν ἐθνῶν μὴ μανθάνετε καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ μὴ φοβεῖσθε ὅτι φοβοῦνται αὐτὰ τοῖς προσώποις αὐτῶν
Thus says the Lord: Do not learn according to the ways of the nations, and do not fear the signs of heaven, because they fear them before their faces.
Israel is directly forbidden to imitate the fear-filled patterns of the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwaysN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μανθάνετεlearnV1 PAD2P · μανθάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμανθάνω: meaning 'learn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημείωνsignsN2 GPN · σημεῖονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'signs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβεῖσθεfearV2 PMD2P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβοῦνταιthey fearV2 PMI3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφοβέω: meaning 'they fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD NPN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώποιςface / presenceN2N DPN · πρόσωπονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ὅτι τὰ νόμιμα τῶν ἐθνῶν μάταια ξύλον ἐστὶν ἐκ τοῦ δρυμοῦ ἐκκεκομμένον ἔργον τέκτονος καὶ χώνευμα
For the customs of the nations are vain: it is wood cut from the forest, the work of a craftsman and a molten thing.
The ban is justified because the nations' cultic customs are empty artifacts.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμιμαcustomsA1 NPN · νόμιμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνόμιμος: meaning 'customs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μάταιαvainA1A NPN · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ξύλονtreeN2N NSN · ξύλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceξύλον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρυμοῦforestN2 GSM · δρυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδρυμός: meaning 'forest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκκεκομμένονcut downVP · χμπνσν κόπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσν κόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργονmatterN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'matter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τέκτονοςcraftsmanN3N GSM · τέκτωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτέκτων: meaning 'craftsman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χώνευμαmolten imageN3M NSN · χώνευμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχώνευμα: meaning 'molten image'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
4
ἀργυρίῳ καὶ χρυσίῳ κεκαλλωπισμένα ἐστίν ἐν σφύραις καὶ ἥλοις ἐστερέωσαν αὐτά καὶ οὐ κινηθήσονται
They are adorned with silver and gold; with hammers and nails they fastened them, and they will not be moved.
Their glittering decoration only underlines their utter inability to act.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κεκαλλωπισμέναadornedVT · χμπνπν καλλωπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπν καλλωπίζω: meaning 'adorned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σφύραιςσφυραN1A DPF · σφύραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσφύρα: meaning 'σφυρα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥλοιςnailN2 DPM · ἧλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἧλος: meaning 'nail'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐστερέωσανstrengthenedVAI AAI3P · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστερεόω: meaning 'strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κινηθήσονταιthat movesVC FPI3P · κινέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκινέω: meaning 'that moves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ἀργύριον τορευτόν ἐστιν οὐ πορεύσονται ἀργύριον προσβλητὸν ἀπὸ Θαρσις ἥξει χρυσίον Μωφαζ καὶ χεὶρ χρυσοχόων ἔργα τεχνιτῶν πάντα ὑάκινθον καὶ πορφύραν ἐνδύσουσιν αὐτά
It is beaten silver; they will not walk. Refined silver comes from Tarshish, gold from Uphaz, and the work of goldsmiths and craftsmen; they will clothe them with blue and purple, all of them works of skill.
Imported luxury and artisan skill cannot overcome the idols' basic lifelessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τορευτόνbeaten workA1 NSN · τορευτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτορευτός: meaning 'beaten work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προσβλητὸνbeatenA1B NSN · προσβλητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσβλητός: meaning 'beaten'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΘαρσιςTarshishN GSF · Θαρσιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΘαρσις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΜωφαζMophazN GS · Μωφαζnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜωφαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσοχόωνgoldsmithsA1B NSF · χρυσοχόοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσοχόος: meaning 'goldsmiths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεχνιτῶνcraftsmanN1M GPM · τεχνίτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτεχνίτης: meaning 'craftsman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑάκινθονblue clothN2 ASF · ὑάκινθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑάκινθος: meaning 'blue cloth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορφύρανpurple robeN1A ASF · πορφύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπορφύρα: meaning 'purple robe'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνδύσουσινthey clothe themselvesVF FAI3P · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύω + ἐν: meaning 'they clothe themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
αἰρόμενα ἀρθήσονται ὅτι οὐκ ἐπιβήσονται μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτά ὅτι οὐ μὴ κακοποιήσωσιν καὶ ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς
They must certainly be carried, because they will not walk. Do not fear them, because they can never do harm, and there is no good in them.
The anti-idol section concludes with the practical implication: they are not to be feared because they are powerless for harm or help.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
αἰρόμεναcarriedV1 · πμπαπν αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπν αἴρω: meaning 'carried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρθήσονταιliftVC FPI3P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω: meaning 'lift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβήσονταιthey step uponVF FMI3P · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'they step upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθῆτεbe afraidVC APS2P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφοβέω: meaning 'be afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακοποιήσωσινthey do evilVA AAS3P · κακοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκακοποιέω: meaning 'they do evil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
οὕτως ἐρεῖτε αὐτοῖς θεοί οἳ τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐποίησαν ἀπολέσθωσαν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τούτου
Thus you shall say to them: The gods who did not make the heaven and the earth, let them perish from the earth and from under this heaven.
A direct anti-idolatry declaration pronounces extinction on false gods before the true heaven.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖτεyou shall sayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'you shall say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θεοίGodN2 NPM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπολέσθωσανlet them perishVA AMD3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'let them perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποκάτωθενunderneathD · ὑποκάτωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑποκάτωθεν: meaning 'underneath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
κύριος ὁ ποιήσας τὴν γῆν ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀνορθώσας τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῇ φρονήσει αὐτοῦ ἐξέτεινεν τὸν οὐρανὸν
The Lord is the one who made the earth by his strength, who set the inhabited world upright by his wisdom, and by his understanding stretched out the heaven.
The living Lord is positively confessed as Creator of earth, world, and heaven.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιήσαςhaving doneVA · ααπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'having done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνορθώσαςestablishingVA · ααπνσμ ὀρθόω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ὀρθόω + ἀνα: meaning 'establishing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνinhabitV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φρονήσειφρόνησιςN3I DSF · φρόνησιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφρόνησις: meaning 'φρόνησις'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
καὶ πλῆθος ὕδατος ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἀνήγαγεν νεφέλας ἐξ ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς ἀστραπὰς εἰς ὑετὸν ἐποίησεν καὶ ἐξήγαγεν φῶς ἐκ θησαυρῶν αὐτοῦ
At the sound of him there is a multitude of waters in heaven, and he brought up clouds from the end of the earth; he made lightnings for rain and brought forth light from his treasuries.
His active rule over waters, clouds, lightning, and stored forces of nature further distinguishes him from idols.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὕδατοςwaterN3 GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγαγενbrought upVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεφέλαςνεφέληN1 APF · νεφέληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'νεφέλη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτουlastA1 GSN · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀστραπὰςἀστραπήN1 APF · ἀστραπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀστραπή: meaning 'ἀστραπή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑετὸνὑετόςN2 ASM · ὑετόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑετός: meaning 'ὑετός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήγαγενbrought outVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θησαυρῶνthesaurosN2 GPM · θησαυρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ἐμωράνθη πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἀπὸ γνώσεως κατῃσχύνθη πᾶς χρυσοχόος ἐπὶ τοῖς γλυπτοῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι ψευδῆ ἐχώνευσαν οὐκ ἔστιν πνεῦμα ἐν αὐτοῖς
Every human being was made foolish apart from knowledge; every goldsmith was put to shame over his carved images, because what they cast was false, and there is no spirit in them.
The effect of that contrast is shame upon human makers and worshipers of images.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐμωράνθηbecome foolishVCI API3S · μωραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμωραίνω: meaning 'become foolish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώσεωςknowledgeN3I GSF · γνῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατῃσχύνθηwas put to shameVCI API3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'was put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσοχόοςgoldsmithA1B NSM · χρυσοχόοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσοχόος: meaning 'goldsmith'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτοῖςglyptosA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχώνευσανchoneyoVAI AAI3P · χωνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχωνεύω: meaning 'choneyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
μάταιά ἐστιν ἔργα ἐμπεπαιγμένα ἐν καιρῷ ἐπισκοπῆς αὐτῶν ἀπολοῦνται
They are vain works, objects fit for mockery; at the time of their visitation they will perish.
The idols are summed up as vanity doomed at the time of visitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μάταιάemptyA1A NPN · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'empty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμπεπαιγμέναmockedVT · χππνπν παίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπν παίζω + ἐν: meaning 'mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπισκοπῆςoversightN1 GSF · ἐπισκοπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπισκοπή: meaning 'oversight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολοῦνταιperishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
οὐκ ἔστιν τοιαύτη μερὶς τῷ Ιακωβ ὅτι ὁ πλάσας τὰ πάντα αὐτὸς κληρονομία αὐτοῦ κύριος ὄνομα αὐτῷ
The portion of Jacob is not like these, because he who formed all things is himself his inheritance; the Lord is his name.
Jacob's portion is set apart from idols because his God is the maker of all things.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοιαύτηsuchA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβIakobN DSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσαςwho formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'who formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κληρονομίαinheritanceN1A NSF · κληρονομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
συνήγαγεν ἔξωθεν τὴν ὑπόστασίν σου κατοικοῦσα ἐν ἐκλεκτοῖς
Gather your substance from outside, you who dwell among the chosen places.
The discourse turns from theological contrast to Judah's imminent displacement.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
συνήγαγενgatheredVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔξωθενoutsideD · ἔξωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξωθεν: meaning 'outside'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπόστασίνpillar/foundationN3I ASF · ὑπόστασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπόστασις: meaning 'pillar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατοικοῦσακαταV2 · παπνσφ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκλεκτοῖςchoicest / chosenA1 DPM · ἐκλεκτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'choicest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
18
ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ σκελίζω τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν ταύτην ἐν θλίψει ὅπως εὑρεθῇ ἡ πληγή σου
For thus says the Lord: Behold, I am slinging out the inhabitants of this land in affliction, so that your wound may be found.
The Lord interprets the coming blow as his own act of slinging out the inhabitants.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκελίζωI sling outV1 PAI1S · σκελίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκελίζω: meaning 'I sling out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θλίψειafflictionN3I DSF · θλῖψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεθῇfindVC APS3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληγήplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
οὐαὶ ἐπὶ συντρίμματί σου ἀλγηρὰ ἡ πληγή σου κἀγὼ εἶπα ὄντως τοῦτο τὸ τραῦμά μου καὶ κατέλαβέν με
Woe upon your fracture; your blow is grievous. And I said, Truly this is my wound, and it has overtaken me.
The afflicted voice answers the sentence with grief over incurable fracture.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαὶ: meaning 'woe'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντρίμματίruinN3M DSN · σύντριμμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσύντριμμα: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλγηρὰpainfulA1A NSF · ἀλγηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλγηρός: meaning 'painful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληγήplague / blowN1 NSF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀγὼ: meaning 'and I'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄντωςtrulyD · ὄντωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὄντως: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραῦμάwoundN3M NSN · τραῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραῦμα: meaning 'wound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέλαβένhas overtakenVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'has overtaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
ἡ σκηνή μου ἐταλαιπώρησεν ὤλετο καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ δέρρεις μου διεσπάσθησαν οἱ υἱοί μου καὶ τὰ πρόβατά μου οὔκ εἰσιν οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι τόπος τῆς σκηνῆς μου τόπος τῶν δέρρεών μου
My tent was afflicted, it perished, and all my skins were torn apart; my sons and my sheep are no more. There is no longer a place for my tent, a place for my coverings.
Domestic and pastoral imagery depicts total collapse of habitation and family security.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνήtentN1 NSF · σκηνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐταλαιπώρησενhas afflictedVAI AAI3S · ταλαιπωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταλαιπωρέω: meaning 'has afflicted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὤλετοwas ruinedVBI AMI3S · ὄλλυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὄλλυμι: meaning 'was ruined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρρειςtentsN3I NPF · δέρριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδέρρις: meaning 'tents'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διεσπάσθησανδιεσπάσθησανVSI API3P · σπάω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσπάω + δια: meaning 'διεσπάσθησαν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόβατάsheepN2N NPN · πρόβατονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὔκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentN1 GSF · σκηνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τόποςplaceN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρρεώνcurtainN3I GPF · δέρριςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδέρρις: meaning 'curtain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ὅτι οἱ ποιμένες ἠφρονεύσαντο καὶ τὸν κύριον οὐκ ἐξεζήτησαν διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνόησεν πᾶσα ἡ νομὴ καὶ διεσκορπίσθησαν
For the shepherds acted foolishly and did not seek the Lord; therefore the whole pasture did not understand, and they were scattered.
Failed shepherds are named as the proximate reason for scattered pasture.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμένεςshepherdN3 NPM · ποιμήνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠφρονεύσαντοthey acted foolishlyVAI AMI3P · ἀφρονεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀφρονεύομαι: meaning 'they acted foolishly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεζήτησανsoughtVAI AAI3P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνόησενunderstoodVAI AAI3S · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέω: meaning 'understood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νομὴpastureN1 NSF · νομήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεσκορπίσθησανwere scatteredVCI API3P · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'were scattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
φωνὴ ἀκοῆς ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται καὶ σεισμὸς μέγας ἐκ γῆς βορρᾶ τοῦ τάξαι τὰς πόλεις Ιουδα εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ κοίτην στρουθῶν
A sound of report, behold, it comes, and a great earthquake from the land of the north, to make the cities of Judah into desolation and a resting-place for sparrows.
Northern tumult is heard on the horizon as Judah's cities move toward desolation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀκοῆςreportN1 GSF · ἀκοήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκοή: meaning 'report'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔρχεταιis comingV1 PMI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι: meaning 'is coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεισμὸςearthquakeN2 NSM · σεισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσεισμός: meaning 'earthquake'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τάξαιto setVA AAN · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτάσσω: meaning 'to set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοίτηνbedN1 ASF · κοίτηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοίτη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
στρουθῶνsparrowN2 GPM · στρουθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστρουθός: meaning 'sparrow'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
23
οἶδα κύριε ὅτι οὐχὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ἀνὴρ πορεύσεται καὶ κατορθώσει πορείαν αὐτοῦ
I know, O Lord, that the way of a human being is not his own, nor will a man walk and direct his own course.
The lament deepens into theological confession of human dependence on the Lord's direction.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οἶδαI knowVX XAI1S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'I know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορεύσεταιgoVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατορθώσειwill prosperVF FAI3S · ὀρθόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀρθόω + κατα: meaning 'will prosper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πορείανmarchN1A ASF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπορεία: meaning 'march'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
παίδευσον ἡμᾶς κύριε πλὴν ἐν κρίσει καὶ μὴ ἐν θυμῷ ἵνα μὴ ὀλίγους ἡμᾶς ποιήσῃς
Discipline us, O Lord, but with judgment and not with anger, lest you make us few.
Judgment is accepted, but the prayer asks that discipline be measured rather than wrathful.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
παίδευσονdisciplineVA AAD2S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαιδεύω: meaning 'discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλίγουςfewA1 APM · ὀλίγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀλίγος: meaning 'few'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιήσῃςdoVA AAS2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
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ἔκχεον τὸν θυμόν σου ἐπὶ ἔθνη τὰ μὴ εἰδότα σε καὶ ἐπὶ γενεὰς αἳ τὸ ὄνομά σου οὐκ ἐπεκαλέσαντο ὅτι κατέφαγον τὸν Ιακωβ καὶ ἐξανήλωσαν αὐτὸν καὶ τὴν νομὴν αὐτοῦ ἠρήμωσαν
Pour out your wrath upon nations that do not know you and upon generations that did not call upon your name, because they devoured Jacob and consumed him, and they laid waste his pasture.
Ends by asking that devouring nations bear the wrath they brought upon Jacob.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἔκχεονpour outVA AAD2S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμόνwrathN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰδόταeidonVX · παπαπν οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπν οἶδα: meaning 'eidon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεὰςgenerationsN1A APF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἳwhichRR NPF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεκαλέσαντοcalled uponVAI AMI3P · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'called upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγονhad eaten upVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'had eaten up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN ASM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξανήλωσανthey consumedVAI AAI3P · ἁλίσκω + ἐκ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁλίσκω + ἐκ + ἀνα: meaning 'they consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νομὴνpastureN1 ASF · νομήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠρήμωσανlay wasteVAI AAI3P · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρημόω: meaning 'lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.