1
τάδε λέγει κύριος πορεύου καὶ κατάβηθι εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως Ιουδα καὶ λαλήσεις ἐκεῖ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον
Thus says the Lord: Go down to the house of the king of Judah, and there you shall speak this word,
Opens with a fresh commissioning formula, moving Jeremiah physically and rhetorically into the royal sphere.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πορεύουgoV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάβηθιcome downVZ AAD2S · βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'come down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσειςspokeVF FAI2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
2
καὶ ἐρεῖς ἄκουε λόγον κυρίου βασιλεῦ Ιουδα ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ θρόνου Δαυιδ σὺ καὶ ὁ οἶκός σου καὶ ὁ λαός σου καὶ οἱ εἰσπορευόμενοι ταῖς πύλαις ταύταις
and you shall say, Hear the word of the Lord, O king of Judah, who sit on the throne of David, you and your house and your people who enter by these gates.
The king, his household, and the gate-entering public are summoned together so that the oracle bears both dynastic and civic force.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθήμενοςπμπνσμ ἧμαιV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνσμ ἧμαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκόςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοιenteringV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ πορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'entering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταύταιςtheseRD DPF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestταύταις: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
τάδε λέγει κύριος ποιεῖτε κρίσιν καὶ δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐξαιρεῖσθε διηρπασμένον ἐκ χειρὸς ἀδικοῦντος αὐτὸν καὶ προσήλυτον καὶ ὀρφανὸν καὶ χήραν μὴ καταδυναστεύετε καὶ μὴ ἀσεβεῖτε καὶ αἷμα ἀθῷον μὴ ἐκχέητε ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ
Thus says the Lord: Practice judgment and righteousness, rescue the plundered from the hand of the wrongdoer, and do not oppress the sojourner, the orphan, or the widow; do not act wickedly, and do not shed innocent blood in this place.
The content of faithful kingship is defined in social terms: justice, rescue, and protection of the vulnerable rather than abuse of power.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποιεῖτεdidV2 PAD2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαιρεῖσθεdeliverV2 PMI2P · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'deliver'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διηρπασμένονthe plundered oneVT · πππασμ ἁρπάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππασμ ἁρπάζω + δια: meaning 'the plundered one'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀδικοῦντοςacting unjustlyV2 · παπγσμ ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἀδικέω: meaning 'acting unjustly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήλυτονresident foreignerN2 ASM · προσήλυτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροσήλυτος: meaning 'resident foreigner'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρφανὸνorphanA1 ASM · ὀρφανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χήρανwidowN1A ASF · χήραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταδυναστεύετεoppressV1 PAD2P · δυναστεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδυναστεύω + κατα: meaning 'oppress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβεῖτεact wickedlyV2 PAD2P · ἀσεβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀσεβέω: meaning 'act wickedly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀθῷονinnocentA1 ASN · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκχέητεyou shedV2 PAS2P · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'you shed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
διότι ἐὰν ποιοῦντες ποιήσητε τὸν λόγον τοῦτον καὶ εἰσελεύσονται ἐν ταῖς πύλαις τοῦ οἴκου τούτου βασιλεῖς καθήμενοι ἐπὶ θρόνου Δαυιδ καὶ ἐπιβεβηκότες ἐφ' ἁρμάτων καὶ ἵππων αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ παῖδες αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ λαὸς αὐτῶν
For if by doing you do this word, then kings sitting on David's throne shall enter through the gates of this house, riding on chariots and horses, they and their servants and their people.
Obedience is linked to dynastic continuity, with the picture of kings entering in state dramatizing preserved Davidic stability.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιοῦντεςdo / makeV2 · παπνπμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποιήσητεdoVA AAS2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελεύσονταιwent inVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθήμενοιπμπνπμ ημαι + καταV5 · πμπνπμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνπμ ημαι + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβεβηκότεςthose mounted onVX · χαπνπμ βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνπμ βαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'those mounted on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἁρμάτωνchariotN3M GPN · ἅρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ποιήσητε τοὺς λόγους τούτους κατ' ἐμαυτοῦ ὤμοσα λέγει κύριος ὅτι εἰς ἐρήμωσιν ἔσται ὁ οἶκος οὗτος
But if you do not do these words, by myself I have sworn, says the Lord, that this house shall become a desolation.
The positive promise is matched by an oath of desolation, making disobedience a direct threat to the royal house itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσητεdoVA AAS2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμαυτοῦmautouRD GSM · ἐμαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμαυτοῦ: meaning 'mautou'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὤμοσαsworeVAI AAI1S · ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὄμνυμι: meaning 'swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐρήμωσινdesolationN3I ASF · ἐρήμωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐρήμωσις: meaning 'desolation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος κατὰ τοῦ οἴκου βασιλέως Ιουδα Γαλααδ σύ μοι ἀρχὴ τοῦ Λιβάνου ἐὰν μὴ θῶ σε εἰς ἔρημον πόλεις μὴ κατοικηθησομένας
For thus says the Lord concerning the house of the king of Judah: You are Gilead to me, the summit of Lebanon, yet if I do not make you a wilderness, cities uninhabited...
The royal house is likened to a lofty and wooded height, but that elevated status only sharpens the force of the ruin announced against it.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΓαλααδGileadN NS · Γαλαάδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θῶplaceVE AAS1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικηθησομέναςto be inhabitedVM · χππαπφ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππαπφ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'to be inhabited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
καὶ ἐπάξω ἐπὶ σὲ ἄνδρα ὀλεθρεύοντα καὶ τὸν πέλεκυν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκκόψουσιν τὰς ἐκλεκτὰς κέδρους σου καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν εἰς τὸ πῦρ
And I will bring against you a destroyer and his axe, and they shall cut down your choice cedars and cast them into the fire.
The image of a destroyer with an axe turns palace grandeur into fuel, showing that royal splendor can become material for judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὀλεθρεύονταdestroyingV1 · παπασμ ὀλεθρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ ὀλεθρεύω: meaning 'destroying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέλεκυνaxeN3U ASM · πέλεκυςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπέλεκυς: meaning 'axe'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκκόψουσινthey will cut downVF FAI3P · κόπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'they will cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτὰςchoiceA1 APF · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'choice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κέδρουςcedarN2 APF · κέδροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέδρος: meaning 'cedar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβαλοῦσινthey shall castVF2 FAI3P · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'they shall cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
καὶ διελεύσονται ἔθνη διὰ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης καὶ ἐροῦσιν ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ διὰ τί ἐποίησεν κύριος οὕτως τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ ταύτῃ
And many nations shall pass through this city, and each shall say to his neighbor, Why has the Lord done thus to this great city?
The nations become interpreters of Judah's fall, demonstrating that the city's collapse will carry public theological meaning.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διελεύσονταιpass throughVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
καὶ ἐροῦσιν ἀνθ' ὧν ἐγκατέλιπον τὴν διαθήκην κυρίου θεοῦ αὐτῶν καὶ προσεκύνησαν θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις καὶ ἐδούλευσαν αὐτοῖς
And they shall say, Because they abandoned the covenant of the Lord their God and worshiped foreign gods and served them.
The reason for judgment is stated plainly: covenant abandonment expressed through idolatrous worship and service.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐροῦσινsaidVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγκατέλιπονthey forsookVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεκύνησανworshipVAI AAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῖςGodN2 DPM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀλλοτρίοιςforeignerA1A DPM · ἀλλότριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreigner'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσανserveVAI AAI3P · δουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδουλεύω: meaning 'serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
μὴ κλαίετε τὸν τεθνηκότα μηδὲ θρηνεῖτε αὐτόν κλαύσατε κλαυθμῷ τὸν ἐκπορευόμενον ὅτι οὐκ ἐπιστρέψει ἔτι καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδῃ τὴν γῆν πατρίδος αὐτοῦ
Do not weep for the dead, nor mourn for him; weep with weeping for the one who goes away, because he will not return again, nor shall he see the land of his birth.
The discourse redirects mourning away from the dead toward the exile whose loss includes permanent separation from homeland.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλαίετεweepV1 PAD2P · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλαίω: meaning 'weep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεθνηκόταdeadVX · χαπασμ θνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπασμ θνήσκω: meaning 'dead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θρηνεῖτεlamentV2 PAD2P · θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateθρηνέω: meaning 'lament'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κλαύσατεweepVA AAD2P · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλαίω: meaning 'weep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κλαυθμῷweepingN2 DSM · κλαυθμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκλαυθμός: meaning 'weeping'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενονthe one going outV1 · πμπασμ πορεύομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασμ πορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'the one going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψειshall bring backVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'shall bring back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδῃhe may seeVB AAS3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'he may see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πατρίδοςhomelandN3D GSF · πατρίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατρίς: meaning 'homeland'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
διότι τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ Σελλημ υἱὸν Ιωσια τὸν βασιλεύοντα ἀντὶ Ιωσια τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ὃς ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ τόπου τούτου οὐκ ἀναστρέψει ἐκεῖ οὐκέτι
For thus says the Lord concerning Shallum son of Josiah, who reigns in place of Josiah his father, who went out from this place: He shall not return there anymore,
The oracle names Shallum and fixes his fate as irreversible removal from Judah's throne and land.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣελλημShallumN ASM · Σελλημnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣελλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙωσιαJosiasN GSM · Ιωσιαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωσια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύονταreigningV1 · παπασμ βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙωσιαJosiasN GSM · Ιωσιαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωσια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπουplaceN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστρέψειshall returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'shall return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
12
ἀλλ' ἢ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ οὗ μετῴκισα αὐτόν ἐκεῖ ἀποθανεῖται καὶ τὴν γῆν ταύτην οὐκ ὄψεται ἔτι
but in the place where I have exiled him, there he shall die, and this land he shall not see again.
The sentence is completed with the place of death specified, sealing the finality of Shallum's displacement.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετῴκισαI exiledVAI AAI1S · οἰκίζω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκίζω + μετα: meaning 'I exiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανεῖταιhe diedVF2 FMI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψεταιseeVF FMI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
13
ὦ ὁ οἰκοδομῶν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ οὐ μετὰ δικαιοσύνης καὶ τὰ ὑπερῷα αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐν κρίματι παρὰ τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἐργᾶται δωρεὰν καὶ τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ
Woe to the one who builds his house without righteousness and his upper rooms without justice, who makes his neighbor work for nothing and will not give him his wages,
A classic woe introduces the condemnation of exploitative building, exposing injustice beneath royal construction projects.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῶνoikodomeoV2 · παπνσμ οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ οἰκοδομέω: meaning 'oikodomeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἰκίανhouseN1A ASF · οἰκίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερῷαupper roomsN2N APN · ὑπερῶονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπερῶον: meaning 'upper rooms'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίματιcustom / mannerN3M DSN · κρίμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίμα: meaning 'custom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐργᾶταιworksV1 PMI3S · ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐργάζομαι: meaning 'works'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δωρεὰνfree giftN1A ASF · δωρεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδωρεά: meaning 'free gift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισθὸνrewardN2 ASM · μισθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμισθός: meaning 'reward'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδώσειhe will give backVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'he will give back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ᾠκοδόμησας σεαυτῷ οἶκον σύμμετρον ὑπερῷα ῥιπιστὰ διεσταλμένα θυρίσιν καὶ ἐξυλωμένα ἐν κέδρῳ καὶ κεχρισμένα ἐν μίλτῳ
who built for himself a spacious house with airy upper rooms, cut out with windows, paneled in cedar and painted with red.
Architectural details make the king's self-indulgence visible and concrete, heightening the moral contrast with the demanded justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ᾠκοδόμησαςyou builtVAI AAI2S · οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'you built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σύμμετρονspaciousA1B ASM · σύμμετροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύμμετρος: meaning 'spacious'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπερῷαupper roomsN2N APN · ὑπερῶονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπερῶον: meaning 'upper rooms'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ῥιπιστὰairyA1 APN · ῥιπιστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥιπιστός: meaning 'airy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διεσταλμέναspread outVM · χππαπν στέλλω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππαπν στέλλω + δια: meaning 'spread out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυρίσινwindowsN3D DPF · θυρίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυρίς: meaning 'windows'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξυλωμέναpaneledVMI XPPAPNCULO/Wverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationἐξυλωμένα: meaning 'paneled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κέδρῳcedarN2 DSF · κέδροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκέδρος: meaning 'cedar'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεχρισμέναpaintedVT · χππαπν χρίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππαπν χρίω: meaning 'painted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μίλτῳwith red pigmentN2 DSF · μίλτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμίλτος: meaning 'with red pigment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
15
μὴ βασιλεύσεις ὅτι σὺ παροξύνῃ ἐν Αχαζ τῷ πατρί σου οὐ φάγονται καὶ οὐ πίονται βέλτιον ἦν σε ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην καλήν
Will you reign because you provoke yourself in competition with Ahaz your father? They did eat and drink; it was better for you to practice good judgment and righteousness.
The prophet challenges the assumption that grandeur secures rule and contrasts it with a better model of eating, drinking, and judging rightly.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεύσειςyou will reignVA AAS2S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβασιλεύω: meaning 'you will reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παροξύνῃyou provoke yourselfV1 PMI2S · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'you provoke yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑχαζAhazN DS · Αχαζnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίfatherN3 DSM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγονταιeatsVF FMI3P · ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'eats'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίονταιthey will drinkVF2 FMI3P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίνω: meaning 'they will drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βέλτιονbetterA3C NSN · βελτίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβελτίων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιεῖνdo / makeV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καλήνgoodA1 ASF · καλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
16
οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἔκριναν κρίσιν ταπεινῷ οὐδὲ κρίσιν πένητος οὐ τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ μὴ γνῶναί σε ἐμέ λέγει κύριος
They did not know; they did not judge the cause of the lowly or the cause of the poor. Is not this what it is to know me? says the Lord.
Knowledge of the Lord is defined not abstractly but in terms of defending the poor and lowly in judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωσανgignoskoVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκρινανκρίνωVAI AAI3P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω: meaning 'κρίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταπεινῷthe lowlyA1 DSM · ταπεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταπεινός: meaning 'the lowly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πένητοςpoor manN3T GSM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτόthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτό: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνῶναίto knowVZ AAN · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω: meaning 'to know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμέegoRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμέ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17
ἰδοὺ οὔκ εἰσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου οὐδὲ ἡ καρδία σου καλή ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν πλεονεξίαν σου καὶ εἰς τὸ αἷμα τὸ ἀθῷον τοῦ ἐκχέειν αὐτὸ καὶ εἰς ἀδίκημα καὶ εἰς φόνον τοῦ ποιεῖν
Behold, your eyes and your heart are not sound, but only on your greed and on shedding innocent blood and on committing injustice and murder.
The king's inner life and outward action are exposed together: greed, bloodshed, injustice, and violence govern his rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὔκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὔκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καλήbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλεονεξίανgreedy gainN1A ASF · πλεονεξίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλεονεξία: meaning 'greedy gain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀθῷονinnocentA1 ASN · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκχέεινto shedV2 PAN · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to shed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀδίκημαwrongdoingN3M ASN · ἀδίκημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδίκημα: meaning 'wrongdoing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φόνονslaughterN2 ASM · φόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφόνος: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιεῖνdo / makeV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ Ιωακιμ υἱὸν Ιωσια βασιλέα Ιουδα οὐαὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον οὐ μὴ κόψωνται αὐτόν ὦ ἀδελφέ οὐδὲ μὴ κλαύσονται αὐτόν οἴμμοι κύριε
Therefore thus says the Lord concerning Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah: They shall not lament for him, saying, Alas, brother, nor shall they bewail him, saying, Alas, lord.
The sentence against Jehoiakim removes customary mourning formulas, signaling that even death will not restore honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙωακιμJehoiakimN ASM · Ιωακιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙωσιαJosiasN GSM · Ιωσιαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωσια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαὶ: meaning 'woe'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόψωνταιthey shall mournVA AMS3P · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκόπτω: meaning 'they shall mourn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὦOI · ὦadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: meaning 'O'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδελφέbrotherN2 VSM · ἀδελφόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλαύσονταιshall weep / mournVF FMI3P · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλαίω: meaning 'shall weep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἴμμοιalasI · οἴμμοιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοἴμμοι: meaning 'alas'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
19
ταφὴν ὄνου ταφήσεται συμψησθεὶς ῥιφήσεται ἐπέκεινα τῆς πύλης Ιερουσαλημ
He shall be buried with the burial of a donkey, dragged away and thrown beyond the gate of Jerusalem.
The disgrace is intensified through the donkey-burial image, denying the king royal treatment in death.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ταφὴνburialN1 ASF · ταφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταφή: meaning 'burial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὄνουdonkeyN2 GSM · ὄνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄνος: meaning 'donkey'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ταφήσεταιhe shall be buriedVD FPI3S · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθάπτω: meaning 'he shall be buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συμψησθεὶςdragged togetherVC · αππνσμ ψάω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ ψάω + συν: meaning 'dragged together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥιφήσεταιhe shall be thrownVD FPI3S · ῥίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥίπτω: meaning 'he shall be thrown'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπέκειναbeyondD · ἐπέκειναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπέκεινα: meaning 'beyond'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςπυληN1 GSF · πύληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'πυλη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
20
ἀνάβηθι εἰς τὸν Λίβανον καὶ κέκραξον καὶ εἰς τὴν Βασαν δὸς τὴν φωνήν σου καὶ βόησον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης ὅτι συνετρίβησαν πάντες οἱ ἐρασταί σου
Go up to Lebanon and cry out, and in Bashan raise your voice, and cry to the far side of the sea, because all your lovers have been crushed.
The address widens again to the city, summoning loud lament because its political lovers and supports have collapsed.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἀνάβηθιgo upVZ AAD2S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛίβανονLebanonN2 ASM · Λίβανοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΛίβανον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κέκραξονcry outVX XAD2S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκράζω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashanN ASF · Βασανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
δὸςgiveVO AAD2S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόησονcry outVA AAD2S · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέρανperanD · πέρανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπέραν: meaning 'peran'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετρίβησανthey were shatteredVDI API3P · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'they were shattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρασταίloversN1M NPM · ἐραστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ἐλάλησα πρὸς σὲ ἐν τῇ παραπτώσει σου καὶ εἶπας οὐκ ἀκούσομαι αὕτη ἡ ὁδός σου ἐκ νεότητός σου οὐκ ἤκουσας τῆς φωνῆς μου
I spoke to you in your prosperity, and you said, I will not listen. This has been your way from your youth: you have not heard my voice.
The Lord recalls earlier speech and Judah's long habit of refusing to listen, making the present ruin the fruit of a settled pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐλάλησαspeakVAI AAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραπτώσειfall / prosperityN3I DSF · παράπτωσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράπτωσις: meaning 'fall'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαςeiponVAI AAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσομαιI will hearVF FMI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω: meaning 'I will hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδόςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητόςyouthN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσαςhearVAI AAI2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
πάντας τοὺς ποιμένας σου ποιμανεῖ ἄνεμος καὶ οἱ ἐρασταί σου ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ ἐξελεύσονται ὅτι τότε αἰσχυνθήσῃ καὶ ἀτιμωθήσῃ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν φιλούντων σε
The wind shall shepherd all your shepherds, and your lovers shall go into captivity; then you shall be ashamed and dishonored because of all who love you.
Shepherds and lovers alike fail, combining failed leadership and failed alliances in one shameful outcome.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμέναςshepherdN3 APM · ποιμήνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιμανεῖwill shepherdVF2 FAI3S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιμαίνω: meaning 'will shepherd'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνεμοςwindN2 NSM · ἄνεμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνεμος: meaning 'wind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρασταίloversN1M NPM · ἐραστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίᾳcaptivity / captivesN1A DSF · αἰχμαλωσίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐξελεύσονταιthey shall come outVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'they shall come out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχυνθήσῃput to shameVC FPI2S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰσχύνω: meaning 'put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀτιμωθήσῃἀτιμωθήσῃVC FPI2S · ἀτιμόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀτιμόω: meaning 'ἀτιμωθήσῃ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιλούντωνlovingV2 · παπγπμ φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ φιλέω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
κατοικοῦσα ἐν τῷ Λιβάνῳ ἐννοσσεύουσα ἐν ταῖς κέδροις καταστενάξεις ἐν τῷ ἐλθεῖν σοι ὠδῖνας ὡς τικτούσης
You who dwell in Lebanon, nesting among the cedars, how you will groan when pangs come upon you like a woman giving birth.
Cedars and nesting imagery portray elite security, but birth-pangs show that privileged elevation cannot ward off anguish.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
κατοικοῦσακαταV2 · παπνσφ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνῳLebanonN2 DSM · Λίβανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΛιβάνῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐννοσσεύουσαnestingV1 · παπνσφ νοσσεύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ νοσσεύω + ἐν: meaning 'nesting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέδροιςcedarsN2 DPF · κέδροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκέδρος: meaning 'cedars'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καταστενάξειςyou will groanVF FAI2S · στενάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστενάζω + κατα: meaning 'you will groan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὠδῖναςbirth-pangsN3 GSF · ὠδίνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὠδίν: meaning 'birth-pangs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τικτούσηςher who bearsV1 · παπγσφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ τίκτω: meaning 'her who bears'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος ἐὰν γενόμενος γένηται Ιεχονιας υἱὸς Ιωακιμ βασιλεὺς Ιουδα ἀποσφράγισμα ἐπὶ τῆς χειρὸς τῆς δεξιᾶς μου ἐκεῖθεν ἐκσπάσω σε
As I live, says the Lord, even if Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah should become a signet on my right hand, from there I would pull you off.
Even the most intimate royal symbol, the signet ring, is invoked only to be revoked, dramatizing total rejection.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ζῶI liveV3 PAI1S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζάω: meaning 'I live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενόμενοςhaving becomeVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ γίγνομαι: meaning 'having become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙεχονιαςJechoniasN1T NSM · Ιεχονιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙεχονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀποσφράγισμαsealN3M NSN · ἀποσφράγισμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀποσφράγισμα: meaning 'seal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾶςright handA1A GSF · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκσπάσωI will removeVF FAI1S · σπάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσπάω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
καὶ παραδώσω σε εἰς χεῖρας τῶν ζητούντων τὴν ψυχήν σου ὧν σὺ εὐλαβῇ ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν εἰς χεῖρας τῶν Χαλδαίων
And I will hand you over into the hands of those who seek your life, those whose face you fear, into the hands of the Chaldeans.
The threat becomes concrete through delivery into feared enemy hands, locating divine judgment in Babylonian power.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραδώσωI will hand overVF FAI1S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'I will hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητούντωνseekingV2 · παπγπμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐλαβῇyou fearV2 PMI2S · εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'you fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansN2 GPM · Χαλδαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΧαλδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26
καὶ ἀπορρίψω σὲ καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου τὴν τεκοῦσάν σε εἰς γῆν οὗ οὐκ ἐτέχθης ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐκεῖ ἀποθανεῖσθε
And I will cast you out, you and your mother who bore you, into a land where you were not born, and there you shall die.
Jeconiah and his mother are expelled together, and the family dimension of royal disgrace is foregrounded.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπορρίψωcast awayVF FAI1S · ῥίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'cast away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεκοῦσάνwho boreVB · ααπασφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασφ τίκτω: meaning 'who bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτέχθηςἐτέχθηςVQI API2S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίκτω: meaning 'ἐτέχθης'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανεῖσθεyou will dieVF2 FMI2P · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'you will die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
εἰς δὲ τὴν γῆν ἣν αὐτοὶ εὔχονται ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ ἀποστρέψωσιν
But to the land for which they long with their souls, they shall never return.
The longing for return is acknowledged only to be denied, underlining the permanence of the exile sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὔχονταιthey longV1 PMI3P · εὔχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὔχομαι: meaning 'they long'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχαῖςsouls / dead personsN1 DPF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψωσινreturnedVA AAS3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
ἠτιμώθη Ιεχονιας ὡς σκεῦος οὗ οὐκ ἔστιν χρεία αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἐξερρίφη καὶ ἐξεβλήθη εἰς γῆν ἣν οὐκ ᾔδει
Jeconiah has been dishonored like a vessel for which there is no use, because he has been thrown out and cast into a land he did not know.
Jeconiah is compared to a discarded vessel, a shocking image that interprets his fall as total loss of honor and usefulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἠτιμώθηhe was dishonoredVCI API3S · ἀτιμόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀτιμόω: meaning 'he was dishonored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙεχονιαςJechoniasN1T NSM · Ιεχονιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙεχονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκεῦοςvesselN3E NSN · σκεῦοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκεῦος: meaning 'vessel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χρείαneedN1A NSF · χρείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξερρίφηis cast outVVI API3S · ῥίπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥίπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'is cast out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεβλήθηhe was cast outVCI API3S · βάλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'he was cast out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾔδειhe knewVXI YAI3S · οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateοἶδα: meaning 'he knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
γῆ γῆ ἄκουε λόγον κυρίου
O land, land, hear the word of the Lord.
The repeated call to the land heightens solemnity and prepares for the climactic written verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
γῆlandN1 VSF · γῆvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
γῆlandN1 VSF · γῆvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἄκουεhearV1 PAD2S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
30
γράψον τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον ἐκκήρυκτον ἄνθρωπον ὅτι οὐ μὴ αὐξηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτοῦ ἀνὴρ καθήμενος ἐπὶ θρόνου Δαυιδ ἄρχων ἔτι ἐν τῷ Ιουδα
Write this man down as proclaimed childless, a man who shall not prosper from his seed, because no man from his offspring shall any longer sit on David's throne as ruler in Judah.
The closing decree writes Jeconiah down as effectively childless for the throne, terminating his line's royal claim in Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
γράψονwriteVA AAD2S · γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκκήρυκτονproclaimed childlessA1B ASM · ἐκκήρυκτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκκήρυκτος: meaning 'proclaimed childless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐξηθῇhe may prosperVC APS3S · αὐξάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyαὐξάνω: meaning 'he may prosper'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματοςseedN3M GSN · σπέρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθήμενοςπμπνσμ ἧμαιV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνσμ ἧμαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἄρχωνruling / chiefV1 · παπνσμ ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄρχω: meaning 'ruling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN DSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.