Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Joshua, Chapter 19ΙΗΣΟΥΣ ΝΑΥΗ ΙΘ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The final tribal allotments are cast at Shiloh, and Joshua receives his own inheritance.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Joshua 19 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Joshua 19 concludes the second great land-division section of the book (chs. 13–19), recording the sixth through twelfth allotments cast 'by lot' (κλῆρος, rendering Hebrew גּוֹרָל) at Shiloh: Simeon, whose inheritance lies inside the over-large portion of Judah (vv. 1–9); Zebulun (vv. 10–16); Issachar (vv. 17–23); Asher (vv. 24–31); Naphtali (vv. 32–39); and Dan (vv. 40–48), followed by Joshua's own inheritance at Timnath-Serah (Θαμνασαραχ) in the hill country of Ephraim (vv. 49–50) and the colophon closing the whole distribution (v. 51). The chapter is dominated by boundary-and-city lists, and the Old Greek of Joshua frequently transliterates the Hebrew toponyms rather than rendering them, often diverging markedly from the Masoretic forms (e.g. Βηρσαβεε for Beersheba, Σικελακ for Ziklag, Ιεριχω for the Zebulunite Bethlehem-region toponym, Λασενδακ at v. 48 conflating Leshem/Dan). Because Greek lacks a fixed declension for these borrowed names, the overwhelming majority stand as indeclinable forms (kind "x"), while genuinely Hellenised names — ὁ Ιορδάνης ('the Jordan', vv. 22, 33, 34), Σιδῶνος ('of Sidon', v. 28), οἱ Τύριοι ('the Tyrians', vv. 29, 35), ὁ Κάρμηλος (v. 26), Ἰόππη (v. 46), Ἰησοῦς (vv. 49, 51), and the gentilic ὁ Αμορραῖος ('the Amorite', vv. 47–48) — are fully declined. The recurring formulae are themselves theologically weighted: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ('the lot came out') presents the allotment as the sovereign act of YHWH working through the sacred lot (cf. Prov 16:33); the closing colophon (v. 51) names Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers' houses as the human officiants 'before the LORD' (ἐναντίον κυρίου) at the door of the tent of witness in Shiloh, binding the entire land-division to the cultic centre. The Danite notice (vv. 47–48), where in the LXX the Amorites press the tribe back into the hill country and Judah captures Lachish/Lasendak, anticipates the unfinished-conquest theme that the book of Judges will develop (cf. Judg 1:34–35; 18:1–31).

1

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ δεύτερος κλῆρος τῶν υἱῶν Συμεων καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡ κληρονομία αὐτῶν ἀνὰ μέσον κλήρων υἱῶν Ιουδα

And the second lot came out for the sons of Simeon, and their inheritance was in the midst of the lot of the sons of Judah.

New allotment unit (main narrative sequence in the land-division section)καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ δεύτερος κλῆρος
The formula ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ('the lot came out') is the recurring structural marker of the second division (chs. 18–19); the ordinal δεύτερος numbers Simeon's as the second lot cast at Shiloh. The clause ἀνὰ μέσον κλήρων υἱῶν Ιουδα immediately signals the anomaly the chapter will explain at v. 9: Simeon has no contiguous territory of its own but is embedded within Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (allotment formula)→ constative aorist (single casting of the lot)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος renders יָצָא הַגּוֹרָל ('the lot came up'), the technical idiom for the result of casting the sacred lot; the lot's 'coming out' presents the allotment as a divinely controlled outcome (cf. Prov 16:33).
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτεροςsecondNominativeordinal adjective (modifying κλῆρος)δεύτερος: 'second'; the ordinal numbers Simeon's allotment within the Shiloh series; the lots are counted second through seventh across chs. 18–19.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion'; renders גּוֹרָל; the same word denotes both the physical lot cast and the resulting territorial inheritance, fusing the means and the outcome of the distribution.
τῶνtheGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive: the beneficiaries of the lot)υἱός: 'son'; the phrase υἱῶν Συμεων ('sons of Simeon') is the standard LXX designation of a tribe by its eponymous patriarch.
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense: 'of Simeon')Συμεων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; the tribe descended from Jacob's second son, here receiving its lot within Judah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwas / came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (predicate: location of the inheritance)→ constative aorist (settled result)γίνομαι (aor. pass.): 'become / come to be'; renders הָיָה; the passive ἐγενήθη marks the inheritance's location as a determined fact resulting from the lot.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativesubjectκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage'; renders נַחֲלָה; the term denotes the permanent, family-held land-grant that constitutes a tribe's share in the promised land.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀνὰthroughoutpreposition (in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον: 'in the midst of')ἀνά: in the fixed LXX idiom ἀνὰ μέσον (+ gen.), 'in the midst of / among', rendering בְּתוֹךְ; here it locates Simeon's portion inside Judah's.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom (ἀνὰ μέσον)μέσος: 'middle / midst'; substantival in the phrase ἀνὰ μέσον, expressing inclusion within Judah's allotment.
κλήρωνof the lotsGenitivegenitive (with ἀνὰ μέσον)κλῆρος (gen. pl.): here the allotted portion of Judah within which Simeon's towns lie.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΙουδαJudahindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense: 'of Judah')Ιουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable in the LXX; Judah's southern allotment (Josh 15) was the largest, and Simeon is placed within it.
2

καὶ ἐγενήθη ὁ κλῆρος αὐτῶν Βηρσαβεε καὶ Σαμαα καὶ Κωλαδαμ

And their lot was Beersheba and Shema and Koladam,

City-list specification (subordinate detail of Simeon's allotment)καὶ ἐγενήθη ὁ κλῆρος αὐτῶν
The verse opens the enumeration of Simeon's towns; ἐγενήθη ὁ κλῆρος αὐτῶν ('their lot was…') introduces a bare list of indeclinable place-names, the first of which, Βηρσαβεε (Beersheba), is the most famous southern site, the traditional southern terminus of Israel ('from Dan to Beersheba').
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwasAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (introducing the town-list)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): 'come to be'; here equative, 'their lot was [the following towns]'.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: here the allotted territory itself, identified by its constituent towns.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΒηρσαβεεBeershebaindeclinable place-name (predicate nominative sense)Βηρσαβεε: transliteration of Hebrew בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע (Beersheba, 'well of the oath/seven'); indeclinable; the principal town of the Simeonite Negev, proverbially the southern limit of the land.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣαμααShemaindeclinable place-nameΣαμαα: transliteration of a Simeonite town (Heb. שֶׁמַע / שְׁבַע, Sheba/Shema); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚωλαδαμKoladamindeclinable place-nameΚωλαδαμ: Greek transliteration of a Simeonite town (corresponding to Heb. מוֹלָדָה, Moladah); indeclinable; the Greek form diverges sharply from the Masoretic.
3

καὶ Αρσωλα καὶ Βωλα καὶ Ασομ

and Arsola and Bola and Asom,

Continuation of the Simeonite city-listκαὶ
A bare καί-linked continuation of the town enumeration; all three names are indeclinable transliterations whose Masoretic equivalents (Hazar-shual, Balah, Ezem) are only loosely recoverable from the Greek forms.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑρσωλαArsolaindeclinable place-nameΑρσωλα: transliteration of a Simeonite town (cf. Heb. חֲצַר שׁוּעָל, Hazar-shual); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒωλαBolaindeclinable place-nameΒωλα: transliteration of a Simeonite town (cf. Heb. בָּלָה, Balah); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσομAsomindeclinable place-nameΑσομ: transliteration of a Simeonite town (cf. Heb. עֶצֶם, Ezem); indeclinable.
4

καὶ Ελθουλα καὶ Βουλα καὶ Ερμα

and Elthula and Boula and Erma,

Continuation of the Simeonite city-listκαὶ
Further καί-linked town-names; Ερμα corresponds to Hebrew חָרְמָה (Hormah), the site of the earlier defeat-then-devotion narrative (Num 14:45; 21:3), now an allotted Simeonite town.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕλθουλαElthulaindeclinable place-nameΕλθουλα: transliteration of a Simeonite town (cf. Heb. אֶלְתּוֹלַד, Eltolad); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒουλαBoulaindeclinable place-nameΒουλα: transliteration of a Simeonite town (cf. Heb. בְּתוּל / כְּסִיל, Bethul/Chesil); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕρμαErma (Hormah)indeclinable place-nameΕρμα: transliteration of Hebrew חָרְמָה (Hormah, 'devotion/ban'); indeclinable; site of Israel's repulse and later ḥerem-victory (Num 14:45; 21:3; Judg 1:17).
5

καὶ Σικελακ καὶ Βαιθμαχερεβ καὶ Σαρσουσιν

and Ziklag and Beth-marcaboth and Sarsousin,

Continuation of the Simeonite city-listκαὶ
Σικελακ is Ziklag, later the Philistine town granted to David by Achish (1 Sam 27:6), here listed as a Simeonite possession; Βαιθμαχερεβ transliterates Beth-marcaboth ('house of chariots').
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣικελακZiklagindeclinable place-nameΣικελακ: transliteration of Hebrew צִקְלַג (Ziklag); indeclinable; later David's base under Achish of Gath (1 Sam 27:6), reckoned thenceforth to the kings of Judah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθμαχερεβBeth-marcabothindeclinable place-nameΒαιθμαχερεβ: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית הַמַּרְכָּבוֹת (Beth-marcaboth, 'house of the chariots'); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣαρσουσινSarsousinindeclinable place-nameΣαρσουσιν: transliteration of Hebrew חֲצַר סוּסָה (Hazar-susah, 'village of the mare'); indeclinable.
6

καὶ Βαθαρωθ καὶ οἱ ἀγροὶ αὐτῶν πόλεις δέκα τρεῖς καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν

and Batharoth and their fields — thirteen cities and their villages.

List total and summary (closing the first Simeonite town-cluster)καὶ Βαθαρωθ
The verse closes the first cluster of Simeonite towns with a numerical tally (πόλεις δέκα τρεῖς, 'thirteen cities') and the recurring formula 'and their villages' (αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν), distinguishing walled towns from their dependent unwalled settlements.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαθαρωθBatharothindeclinable place-nameΒαθαρωθ: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית לְבָאוֹת (Beth-lebaoth) or a related Simeonite town; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροὶfieldsNominativeappositional noun (the towns' farmland)ἀγρός: 'field / farmland / open country'; renders שָׂדֶה / חָצֵר; the towns' surrounding agricultural land belongs with them in the allotment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional summary (count of towns)πόλις: 'city / town'; renders עִיר; here in the tally-formula counting the principal walled settlements of the allotment.
δέκαtenindeclinable cardinal (with τρεῖς: 'thirteen')δέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal; with τρεῖς forms 'thirteen', the tally of Simeonite towns.
τρεῖςthreeNominativecardinal numeral (with δέκα)τρεῖς: 'three'; agrees with πόλεις; δέκα τρεῖς = 'thirteen'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenoun (dependent settlements)κώμη: 'village / unwalled settlement'; renders חָצֵר; the recurring pairing πόλεις … καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν distinguishes fortified towns from their satellite hamlets.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
7

Ερεμμων καὶ Θαλχα καὶ Εθερ καὶ Ασαν πόλεις τέσσαρες καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν

Eremmon and Thalcha and Ether and Ashan — four cities and their villages,

Second city-cluster with its own tallyΕρεμμων
A second Simeonite cluster (asyndetic opening with Ερεμμων) closed by its own count, πόλεις τέσσαρες ('four cities'), and the villages-formula; the two tallies (thirteen + four) structure the Simeonite list.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ΕρεμμωνEremmonindeclinable place-nameΕρεμμων: transliteration of Hebrew עַיִן רִמּוֹן (Ain-rimmon, 'spring of the pomegranate'); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΘαλχαThalchaindeclinable place-nameΘαλχα: transliteration of a Simeonite town (cf. Heb. תֹּכֶן, Tochen); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕθερEtherindeclinable place-nameΕθερ: transliteration of Hebrew עֶתֶר (Ether); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσανAshanindeclinable place-nameΑσαν: transliteration of Hebrew עָשָׁן (Ashan); indeclinable.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional summary (count of towns)πόλις: in the tally-formula counting this second cluster.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativecardinal numeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; the tally of this second Simeonite cluster.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenoun (dependent settlements)κώμη: 'village'; the recurring villages-formula.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
8

κύκλῳ τῶν πόλεων αὐτῶν ἕως Βαρεκ πορευομένων Βαμεθ κατὰ λίβα αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Συμεων κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν

round about their cities as far as Barek, going toward Bameth, southward: this is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon according to their clans.

Boundary closure + summary formula for Simeonκύκλῳ τῶν πόλεων αὐτῶν
The verse closes the Simeonite allotment: the encircling rural territory (κύκλῳ … ἕως Βαρεκ) reaches southward (κατὰ λίβα, 'toward the south-west / Negev'), and the summary formula αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς … κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('this is the inheritance of the tribe … by their clans') marks the unit's end — a formula repeated for each tribe.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
κύκλῳround aboutadverb / improper preposition (+ gen.)κύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; dative of κύκλος used adverbially, governing a genitive; describes the rural belt encircling the listed towns.
τῶνtheGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ)πόλις (gen. pl.): the towns just enumerated, around which the territory lies.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (extent)ἕως: 'as far as / up to'; marks the limit of the encircling territory.
ΒαρεκBarekindeclinable place-name (object of ἕως)Βαρεκ: transliteration of a southern site (cf. Heb. בַּעֲלַת בְּאֵר / Baalath-beer); indeclinable.
πορευομένωνas one goesPres Mid Ptcp Gen Pl · πορεύομαιgenitive absolute / directional participle ('going toward')→ directional idiomπορεύομαι: 'go / journey'; the participle in the directional idiom (πορευομένων + place-name) renders the Hebrew בּוֹאֲכָה ('as you go toward'), a standard way of indicating the bearing of a boundary.
ΒαμεθBamethindeclinable place-name (goal of πορευομένων)Βαμεθ: transliteration of a southern site (cf. Heb. רָמַת נֶגֶב, Ramath-negeb); indeclinable.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)κατά + acc.: 'toward / in the direction of'; in boundary descriptions it marks compass orientation.
λίβαthe southAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (compass direction)λίψ (acc. λίβα): 'south-west / south'; properly the south-west wind, used in the LXX for the Negev/southern direction; renders נֶגֶב.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary formula)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; opens the recurring tribal summary formula αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominativeκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; the allotted heritage of the tribe.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλή: 'tribe'; renders שֵׁבֶט / מַטֶּה; the basic unit of the land-division.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Συμεων: see v. 1.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατά + acc.: distributive, 'according to / by'; with δήμους it apportions the inheritance among the tribe's family-units.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative (with κατά: distributive)δῆμος: 'clan / family-group / district'; renders מִשְׁפָּחָה; the recurring phrase κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('by their clans') marks the sub-division of each tribal allotment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
9

ἀπὸ τοῦ κλήρου Ιουδα ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Συμεων ὅτι ἐγενήθη ἡ μερὶς υἱῶν Ιουδα μείζων τῆς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκληρονόμησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Συμεων ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ κλήρου αὐτῶν

The inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon was out of the lot of Judah, because the portion of the sons of Judah was larger than theirs; and the sons of Simeon inherited in the midst of their lot.

Explanatory rationale (ὅτι-clause) for Simeon's embedded inheritanceἀπὸ τοῦ κλήρου Ιουδα
The narrator supplies the reason (ὅτι, 'because') for the anomaly announced in v. 1: Judah's portion (μερίς) was μείζων ('too large') for the tribe, so Simeon received its inheritance within Judah's territory. This fulfils Jacob's oracle that Simeon and Levi would be 'divided in Jacob and scattered in Israel' (Gen 49:7) — Simeon never gains an independent contiguous land.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἀπὸfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source)ἀπό: 'from / out of'; marks Simeon's inheritance as carved out of Judah's allotment.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήρουlotGenitivegenitive (source, with ἀπό)κλῆρος: here Judah's allotted territory, the source of Simeon's portion.
Ιουδαof Judahindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ιουδα: see v. 1.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativesubjectκληρονομία: Simeon's heritage, drawn from Judah's.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Συμεων: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (introducing rationale)ὅτι: 'because / that'; here causal, introducing the explanation for Simeon's dependent allotment.
ἐγενήθηwasAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of causal clause→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): here equative, 'the portion … was larger'.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερὶςportionNominativesubject of causal clauseμερίς: 'portion / share'; renders חֵלֶק; Judah's share, judged too large for one tribe.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
Ιουδαof Judahindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ιουδα: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
μείζωνlargerNominativepredicate comparative adjectiveμέγας (compar. μείζων): 'larger / greater'; renders רַב ('too much'); with the genitive of comparison τῆς αὐτῶν, 'larger than theirs (Simeon's)'.
τῆςthan theGenitivearticle (genitive of comparison)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirsGenitivegenitive of comparison ('than theirs')αὐτῶν: the genitive of comparison, 'than their [portion]', i.e. Simeon's.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκληρονόμησανinheritedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (Simeon's act of inheriting)→ constative aoristκληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession'; renders נָחַל; the cognate of κληρονομία, sealing the legal act of taking the embedded portion.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubjectυἱός: the Simeonites as the subject of the inheriting.
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Συμεων: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
μέσῳthe midstDativedative (locative, with ἐν: 'in the midst of')μέσος: 'midst'; ἐν μέσῳ renders בְּתוֹךְ, locating Simeon inside Judah's lot.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήρουlotGenitivegenitive (with ἐν μέσῳ)κλῆρος: Judah's allotment, within which Simeon dwelt.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (Judah's)αὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
10

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ τρίτος τῷ Ζαβουλων κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ἔσται τὰ ὅρια τῆς κληρονομίας αὐτῶν Εσεδεκ

And the third lot came out for Zebulun according to their clans; the borders of their inheritance shall be Esedek;

New allotment unit: Zebulun (third lot)καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ τρίτος
The allotment formula recurs (ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ τρίτος, 'the third lot came out'), now for Zebulun. The shift to ἔσται (future, 'shall be') in the boundary description reflects the underlying Hebrew imperfect of boundary-tracing, lending the survey a quasi-prescriptive cast.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (allotment formula)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: see v. 1; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος, 'the lot came out'.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: see v. 1.
theNominativearticle (with ordinal)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτοςthirdNominativeordinal adjective (modifying κλῆρος)τρίτος: 'third'; numbering Zebulun's lot in the Shiloh series.
τῷforDativearticle (dative of advantage with Ζαβουλων)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable proper noun (dative of advantage: 'for Zebulun')Ζαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן; indeclinable; the article τῷ supplies the dative force ('for Zebulun').
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατά + acc.: distributive 'by their clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)δῆμος: see v. 8.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (boundary description)→ future of boundary-tracingεἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'will be'; the future renders the Hebrew imperfect used for tracing a border, giving the survey a prescriptive cast; the singular ἔσται with the neuter plural subject τὰ ὅρια is normal Greek concord.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativesubject of ἔσταιὅριον: 'boundary / border'; renders גְּבוּל; the recurring term throughout the boundary descriptions of chs. 15–19.
τῆςof theGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαςinheritanceGenitivegenitive (possessive: borders of the inheritance)κληρονομία: see v. 1.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΕσεδεκEsedekindeclinable place-name (predicate: the boundary's start)Εσεδεκ: transliteration of the boundary-point of Zebulun (cf. Heb. שָׂרִיד, Sarid); indeclinable.
11

Γωλα ὅρια αὐτῶν ἡ θάλασσα καὶ Μαραγελλα καὶ συνάψει ἐπὶ Βαιθαραβα εἰς τὴν φάραγγα ἥ ἐστιν κατὰ πρόσωπον Ιεκμαν

Gola; their border is the sea, even Maragella; and it will join up to Baith-araba at the ravine which is opposite Iekman.

Boundary trace (western and southern marches of Zebulun)Γωλα ὅρια αὐτῶν ἡ θάλασσα
The boundary description proceeds with the technical verb συνάψει ('it will join / touch'), the standard LXX-Joshua term for a border meeting a feature; the line runs to the sea and toward a ravine 'opposite' (κατὰ πρόσωπον, a Hebraism for 'facing') a named site.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ΓωλαGolaindeclinable place-nameΓωλα: transliteration of a Zebulunite boundary-site (cf. Heb. מַרְעָלָה region); indeclinable.
ὅριαborderNominativesubjectὅριον: see v. 10.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαseaNominativepredicate nominative (the border's edge)θάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם, often standing for 'the west' as well as the Mediterranean; here the western limit.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΜαραγελλαMaragellaindeclinable place-nameΜαραγελλα: transliteration of Hebrew מַרְעָלָה (Maralah); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
συνάψειit will joinFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (boundary-meeting)→ future of boundary-tracingσυνάπτω: 'join / fasten together / touch'; the technical LXX-Joshua verb for a boundary line abutting or meeting a geographical feature, rendering פָּגַע ('reach / meet').
ἐπὶup topreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπί + acc.: 'up to / against'; the goal toward which the boundary runs.
ΒαιθαραβαBaith-arabaindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Βαιθαραβα: transliteration (cf. Heb. דַּבָּשֶׁת / boundary-toponym); indeclinable.
εἰςat / intopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: 'into / to'; here directing the line to the ravine.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγαravineAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςφάραγξ: 'ravine / wadi / valley'; renders נַחַל; a watercourse used as a natural boundary marker.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)ὅς (fem. ἥ): relative pronoun introducing the locating clause.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause→ stative presentεἰμί: 'is'; locating the ravine relative to Iekman.
κατὰoppositepreposition in idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον ('facing')κατά: in the idiom κατὰ πρόσωπον, 'facing / opposite', a Hebraism for עַל פְּנֵי.
πρόσωπονthe faceAccusativeaccusative in idiom (κατὰ πρόσωπον: 'opposite')πρόσωπον: 'face'; in κατὰ πρόσωπον it loses its literal sense, rendering 'opposite / before'.
ΙεκμανIekmanindeclinable place-name (object of κατὰ πρόσωπον)Ιεκμαν: transliteration of Hebrew יָקְנְעָם (Jokneam); indeclinable.
12

καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν Βαιθσαμυς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια Χασελωθαιθ καὶ διελεύσεται ἐπὶ Δαβιρωθ καὶ προσαναβήσεται ἐπὶ Φαγγαι

And it turned back from Sedduk over against the east, from the east of Beth-shemesh, to the borders of Chaseloth-aith, and it will pass through to Dabiroth and go up to Phangai.

Boundary trace continues (eastern circuit of Zebulun)καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ
The survey shifts to verbs of movement (ἀνέστρεψεν 'turned back', διελεύσεται 'will pass through', προσαναβήσεται 'will go up') tracking the border's bearing; the mix of aorist and future reflects the Hebrew waw-consecutive / imperfect alternation in boundary lists. ἐξ ἐναντίας ('over against') and ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ('from the east') give compass orientation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀνέστρεψενit turned backAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναστρέφωmain verb (boundary turning)→ constative aorist (border's change of direction)ἀναστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; in boundary descriptions, the line's change of direction, rendering שׁוּב / נָסַב.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣεδδουκSeddukindeclinable place-nameΣεδδουκ: transliteration of Hebrew שָׂרִיד / Sarid-region; indeclinable.
ἐξoverpreposition in idiom ἐξ ἐναντίας ('over against')ἐκ/ἐξ: in the phrase ἐξ ἐναντίας, 'over against / opposite'.
ἐναντίαςagainstGenitivegenitive in idiom (ἐξ ἐναντίας: 'over against')ἐναντίος: 'opposite / facing'; substantival in ἐξ ἐναντίας, a directional Hebraism.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided)ἀπό (elided ἀπ᾿): 'from'; with ἀνατολῶν, 'from the east'.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive (with ἀπ᾿: compass orientation)ἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'rising / east'; ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν, 'from the east', the standard directional phrase, rendering מִקֶּדֶם / מִזְרָח.
ΒαιθσαμυςBeth-shemeshindeclinable place-nameΒαιθσαμυς: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ (Beth-shemesh, 'house of the sun'); indeclinable.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὰtheAccusativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπίὅριον: see v. 10.
ΧασελωθαιθChaseloth-aithindeclinable place-nameΧασελωθαιθ: transliteration of Hebrew כִּסְלֹת תָּבֹר (Chisloth-tabor); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διελεύσεταιit will pass throughFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (boundary continuation)→ future of boundary-tracingδιέρχομαι: 'go through / cross'; the boundary's continuation, rendering עָבַר.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΔαβιρωθDabirothindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Δαβιρωθ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּבְרַת (Daberath); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
προσαναβήσεταιit will go upFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσαναβαίνωmain verb (boundary ascent)→ future of boundary-tracingπροσαναβαίνω: 'go up toward / ascend further'; the double-compound describes the border climbing toward higher ground, rendering עָלָה.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΦαγγαιPhangaiindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Φαγγαι: transliteration of Hebrew יָפִיעַ (Japhia); indeclinable.
13

καὶ ἐκεῖθεν περιελεύσεται ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐπ᾿ ἀνατολὰς ἐπὶ Γεβερε ἐπὶ πόλιν Κατασεμ καὶ διελεύσεται ἐπὶ Ρεμμωνα Αμαθαρ Αοζα

And from there it will go around over against the east to Gebere, to the city of Katasem, and it will pass through to Remmona, Amathar, Aoza.

Boundary trace continues (northern circuit of Zebulun)καὶ ἐκεῖθεν περιελεύσεται
ἐκεῖθεν ('from there') resumes the line from the last-named point; περιελεύσεται ('it will circle around') and διελεύσεται ('pass through') continue the compass-tracking. The string Ρεμμωνα Αμαθαρ Αοζα reflects a Hebrew compound place-name (Rimmon / Methoar / Neah) that the Greek has segmented into successive transliterated forms.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (source)ἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'; resumes the boundary from the previously named point; renders מִשָּׁם.
περιελεύσεταιit will go aroundFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · περιέρχομαιmain verb (boundary circuit)→ future of boundary-tracingπεριέρχομαι: 'go around / circle'; the border's curving course, rendering סָבַב / תָּאַר.
ἐξoverpreposition in idiom ἐξ ἐναντίαςἐκ/ἐξ: in ἐξ ἐναντίας, 'over against'.
ἐναντίαςagainstGenitivegenitive in idiom (ἐξ ἐναντίας)ἐναντίος: see v. 12.
ἐπ᾿topreposition + accusative (direction, elided)ἐπί (elided ἐπ᾿): 'to / toward'; with ἀνατολάς, 'toward the east'.
ἀνατολὰςthe eastAccusativeaccusative (compass direction)ἀνατολή (acc. pl.): 'east'; ἐπ᾿ ἀνατολάς, 'eastward'.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΓεβερεGebereindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Γεβερε: transliteration of Hebrew גִּתָּה חֵפֶר (Gath-hepher); indeclinable.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
πόλινthe cityAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπίπόλις: 'city'; here introducing the named town Κατασεμ.
ΚατασεμKatasemindeclinable place-name (in apposition to πόλιν)Κατασεμ: transliteration of Hebrew עִתָּה קָצִין (Eth-kazin); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διελεύσεταιit will pass throughFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (boundary continuation)→ future of boundary-tracingδιέρχομαι: see v. 12.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΡεμμωναRemmonaindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Ρεμμωνα: transliteration of Hebrew רִמּוֹן (Rimmon); indeclinable; the first element of a compound toponym the Greek splits into three.
ΑμαθαρAmatharindeclinable place-name (continuing the compound)Αμαθαρ: transliteration of Hebrew הַמְּתֹאָר (Methoar); indeclinable.
ΑοζαAozaindeclinable place-name (continuing the compound)Αοζα: transliteration of Hebrew נֵעָה (Neah); indeclinable.
14

καὶ περιελεύσεται ὅρια ἐπὶ βορρᾶν ἐπὶ Αμωθ καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτῶν ἐπὶ Γαιφαηλ

And the border will go around to the north, to Amoth, and their outgoing will be at Gaiphael,

Boundary trace: the northern turn and terminusκαὶ περιελεύσεται ὅρια ἐπὶ βορρᾶν
The border curves north (ἐπὶ βορρᾶν) and reaches its terminus, marked by the recurring noun διέξοδος ('outgoing / extremity'), the standard LXX-Joshua term for the end-point of a boundary line (rendering תֹּצְאוֹת).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
περιελεύσεταιit will go aroundFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · περιέρχομαιmain verb (boundary circuit)→ future of boundary-tracingπεριέρχομαι: see v. 13.
ὅριαthe borderNominativesubject (neuter plural)ὅριον: see v. 10.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
βορρᾶνthe northAccusativeaccusative (compass direction)βορρᾶς: 'north (wind)'; ἐπὶ βορρᾶν, 'northward', renders צָפוֹן / צָפֹנָה.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΑμωθAmothindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Αμωθ: transliteration of Hebrew חַנָּתֹן (Hannathon); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (boundary terminus)→ future of boundary-tracingεἰμί (fut.): see v. 10.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoingNominativesubject (boundary terminus)διέξοδος: 'way out / outlet / extremity'; the technical LXX-Joshua term for the end-point of a boundary, rendering תֹּצְאוֹת ('limits / outgoings').
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (location of terminus)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΓαιφαηλGaiphaelindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Γαιφαηλ: transliteration of Hebrew גֵּי יִפְתַּח־אֵל (the valley of Iphtah-el); indeclinable.
15

καὶ Καταναθ καὶ Ναβααλ καὶ Συμοων καὶ Ιεριχω καὶ Βαιθμαν

and Katanath and Nabaal and Symoon and Jericho and Baithman.

City-list of Zebulun's townsκαὶ Καταναθ
A καί-linked town-list closing the Zebulunite territory; Ιεριχω here is not the famous Jericho of ch. 6 but a homophonous Galilean toponym (Heb. נַהֲלָל-region), an instance of the Greek transliteration collapsing distinct Hebrew names into a familiar Greek form.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚαταναθKatanathindeclinable place-nameΚαταναθ: transliteration of Hebrew קַטָּת (Kattath); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΝαβααλNabaalindeclinable place-nameΝαβααλ: transliteration of Hebrew נַהֲלָל (Nahalal); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣυμοωνSymoonindeclinable place-nameΣυμοων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְרוֹן (Shimron); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΙεριχωIerichoindeclinable place-nameΙεριχω: indeclinable; here a Galilean town in Zebulun (cf. Heb. יִדְאֲלָה, Idalah), homophonous with but distinct from the famous Jericho of Josh 6.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθμανBaithmanindeclinable place-nameΒαιθμαν: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (the Zebulunite Bethlehem, distinct from the Judahite town); indeclinable.
16

αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ζαβουλων κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν πόλεις καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Zebulun according to their clans — cities and their villages.

Summary formula closing Zebulun's allotmentαὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ζαβουλων
The standard tribal summary formula (αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία … κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν) closes the Zebulun unit, with the cities-and-villages tally-tag.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary formula)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 8.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominativeκληρονομία: see v. 1.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλή: see v. 8.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ζαβουλων: see v. 10.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)δῆμος: see v. 8.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional summaryπόλις: in the tally-tag.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenoun (dependent settlements)κώμη: see v. 6.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
17

καὶ τῷ Ισσαχαρ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ τέταρτος

And for Issachar the fourth lot came out.

New allotment unit: Issachar (fourth lot)καὶ τῷ Ισσαχαρ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ τέταρτος
A variant of the allotment formula, fronting the dative beneficiary (τῷ Ισσαχαρ, 'for Issachar') before the verb; ὁ κλῆρος ὁ τέταρτος numbers it the fourth lot.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷforDativearticle (dative of advantage with Ισσαχαρ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharindeclinable proper noun (dative of advantage: 'for Issachar')Ισσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר; indeclinable; the dative force supplied by the article τῷ.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (allotment formula)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: see v. 1.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: see v. 1.
theNominativearticle (with ordinal)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέταρτοςfourthNominativeordinal adjective (modifying κλῆρος)τέταρτος: 'fourth'; numbering Issachar's lot.
18

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν Ιαζηλ καὶ Χασαλωθ καὶ Σουναν

And their borders were Jazel and Chasaloth and Sounan,

Boundary/town-list of Issacharκαὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν
The formula ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ('their borders were…') introduces Issachar's town-list; Χασαλωθ is the Chesulloth of the Jezreel plain, Σουναν the Shunem of the later Elisha narratives (2 Kgs 4).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwereAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (introducing town-list)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): see v. 1; singular with neuter plural subject.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativesubjectὅριον: see v. 10.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΙαζηλJazelindeclinable place-name (predicate)Ιαζηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִזְרְעֶאל (Jezreel); indeclinable; the town that gives its name to the great valley.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΧασαλωθChasalothindeclinable place-nameΧασαλωθ: transliteration of Hebrew כְּסֻלּוֹת (Chesulloth); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣουνανSounanindeclinable place-nameΣουναν: transliteration of Hebrew שׁוּנֵם (Shunem); indeclinable; site of the Shunammite woman's hospitality to Elisha (2 Kgs 4:8).
19

καὶ Αγιν καὶ Σιωνα καὶ Ρεηρωθ καὶ Αναχερεθ

and Agin and Siona and Reeroth and Anachereth,

Continuation of the Issachar town-listκαὶ Αγιν
A καί-linked continuation of Issachar's towns, all indeclinable transliterations (Hapharaim, Shion, Anaharath, etc.).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑγινAginindeclinable place-nameΑγιν: transliteration of Hebrew חֲפָרַיִם (Hapharaim); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣιωναSionaindeclinable place-nameΣιωνα: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁיאֹן (Shion); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΡεηρωθReerothindeclinable place-nameΡεηρωθ: transliteration of a town of Issachar (cf. Heb. אֲנָחֲרָת region); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑναχερεθAnacherethindeclinable place-nameΑναχερεθ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲנָחֲרָת (Anaharath); indeclinable.
20

καὶ Δαβιρων καὶ Κισων καὶ Ρεβες

and Dabiron and Kison and Rebes,

Continuation of the Issachar town-listκαὶ Δαβιρων
Three more Issacharite towns (Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez); Κισων transliterates Kishion, not to be confused with the river Kishon of Judges 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΔαβιρωνDabironindeclinable place-nameΔαβιρων: transliteration of Hebrew רַבִּית (Rabbith); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚισωνKisonindeclinable place-nameΚισων: transliteration of Hebrew קִשְׁיוֹן (Kishion); indeclinable; distinct from the river Kishon (Judg 5:21).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΡεβεςRebesindeclinable place-nameΡεβες: transliteration of Hebrew אֶבֶץ (Ebez); indeclinable.
21

καὶ Ρεμμας καὶ Ιεων καὶ Τομμαν καὶ Αιμαρεκ καὶ Βηρσαφης

and Remmas and Ieon and Tomman and Aimarek and Bersaphes.

Conclusion of the Issachar town-listκαὶ Ρεμμας
The final cluster of Issacharite towns (Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, Beth-pazzez); Ιεων may render En-gannim ('spring of gardens').
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΡεμμαςRemmasindeclinable place-nameΡεμμας: transliteration of Hebrew רֶמֶת (Remeth); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΙεωνIeonindeclinable place-nameΙεων: transliteration of Hebrew עֵין גַּנִּים (En-gannim, 'spring of gardens'); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΤομμανTommanindeclinable place-nameΤομμαν: transliteration of Hebrew עֵין חַדָּה (En-haddah); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑιμαρεκAimarekindeclinable place-nameΑιμαρεκ: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית פַּצֵּץ (Beth-pazzez); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒηρσαφηςBersaphesindeclinable place-nameΒηρσαφης: transliteration of a town of Issachar (boundary-toponym); indeclinable.
22

καὶ συνάψει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ Γαιθβωρ καὶ ἐπὶ Σαλιμ κατὰ θάλασσαν καὶ Βαιθσαμυς καὶ ἔσται αὐτοῦ ἡ διέξοδος τῶν ὁρίων ὁ Ιορδάνης

And the border will join up to Gaithbor and to Salim toward the sea, and Beth-shemesh, and the outgoing of its borders will be the Jordan.

Boundary closure of Issachar (terminus at the Jordan)καὶ συνάψει τὰ ὅρια
The boundary 'joins' (συνάψει) a series of frontier towns and reaches its terminus at the Jordan, here named with the fully Hellenised, declinable form ὁ Ιορδάνης (nominative as predicate of διέξοδος) — a marked contrast to the indeclinable transliterations that fill the verse.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
συνάψειit will joinFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (boundary-meeting)→ future of boundary-tracingσυνάπτω: see v. 11.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject (neuter plural)ὅριον: see v. 10.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΓαιθβωρGaithborindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Γαιθβωρ: transliteration of Hebrew תָּבוֹר (Tabor); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣαλιμSalimindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Σαλιμ: transliteration of Hebrew שַׁחֲצוֹמָה / Shahazumah; indeclinable.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)κατά + acc.: 'toward'; κατὰ θάλασσαν, 'toward the sea / westward'.
θάλασσανthe seaAccusativeaccusative (compass direction)θάλασσα: 'sea'; κατὰ θάλασσαν, 'seaward / westward', renders יָמָּה.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθσαμυςBeth-shemeshindeclinable place-nameΒαιθσαμυς: see v. 12; a different Beth-shemesh, here in Issachar.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (boundary terminus)→ future of boundary-tracingεἰμί (fut.): see v. 10.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the territory's)αὐτοῦ: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoingNominativesubject (boundary terminus)διέξοδος: see v. 14.
τῶνof theGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίωνbordersGenitivegenitive (the borders whose terminus is meant)ὅριον (gen. pl.): see v. 10.
theNominativearticle (with declinable river-name)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηςJordanNominativepredicate nominative (the terminus)Ἰορδάνης: 'the Jordan'; a fully Hellenised, first-declension masculine river-name (gen. Ἰορδάνου), unlike the indeclinable toponyms; renders יַרְדֵּן; the river forms the eastern limit of Issachar.
23

αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν αἱ πόλεις καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar according to their clans, the cities and their villages.

Summary formula closing Issachar's allotmentαὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ
The standard tribal summary formula closes Issachar, with the cities-and-villages tag (here with the article, αἱ πόλεις).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary formula)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 8.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominativeκληρονομία: see v. 1.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλή: see v. 8.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ισσαχαρ: see v. 17.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)δῆμος: see v. 8.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional summaryπόλις: in the tally-tag.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenoun (dependent settlements)κώμη: see v. 6.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
24

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ πέμπτος Ασηρ

And the fifth lot came out, for Asher.

New allotment unit: Asher (fifth lot)καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ πέμπτος
The allotment formula recurs (ὁ κλῆρος ὁ πέμπτος, 'the fifth lot'), with the tribal name Ασηρ following the verb in apposition.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (allotment formula)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: see v. 1.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: see v. 1.
theNominativearticle (with ordinal)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέμπτοςfifthNominativeordinal adjective (modifying κλῆρος)πέμπτος: 'fifth'; numbering Asher's lot.
ΑσηρAsherindeclinable proper noun (genitive/dative sense: 'for Asher')Ασηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר; indeclinable; the tribe of Jacob's eighth son, allotted the coastal-Galilean strip.
25

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ἐξ Ελεκεθ καὶ Αλεφ καὶ Βαιθοκ καὶ Κεαφ

And their borders were from Eleketh and Aleph and Baithok and Keaph,

Boundary/town-list of Asherκαὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν ἐξ Ελεκεθ
Asher's boundary list opens from Helkath (ἐξ Ελεκεθ); the preposition ἐξ marks the starting-point of the survey. The subsequent names (Hali, Beten, Achshaph) are indeclinable transliterations.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwereAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (introducing town-list)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): see v. 1.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativesubjectὅριον: see v. 10.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)ἐκ/ἐξ: 'from'; marks the boundary's point of departure.
ΕλεκεθElekethindeclinable place-name (object of ἐξ)Ελεκεθ: transliteration of Hebrew חֶלְקַת (Helkath); indeclinable; a Levitical city of Asher (Josh 21:31).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑλεφAlephindeclinable place-nameΑλεφ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲלִי (Hali); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθοκBaithokindeclinable place-nameΒαιθοκ: transliteration of Hebrew בֶּטֶן (Beten); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚεαφKeaphindeclinable place-nameΚεαφ: transliteration of Hebrew אַכְשָׁף (Achshaph); indeclinable.
26

καὶ Ελιμελεκ καὶ Αμιηλ καὶ Μαασα καὶ συνάψει τῷ Καρμήλῳ κατὰ θάλασσαν καὶ τῷ Σιων καὶ Λαβαναθ

and Elimelech and Amiel and Maasa; and it will join up with Carmel toward the sea, and with Sion and Labanath,

Town-list + boundary trace reaching Carmel and the seaκαὶ Ελιμελεκ … καὶ συνάψει τῷ Καρμήλῳ
The list of towns (Allammelech, Amad, Mishal) gives way to the boundary verb συνάψει ('it will join'), here with the dative τῷ Καρμήλῳ — the fully Hellenised, declinable mountain-name ὁ Κάρμηλος (Mount Carmel), the famous coastal headland; the line runs 'toward the sea' (westward).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕλιμελεκElimelechindeclinable place-nameΕλιμελεκ: transliteration of Hebrew אַלַּמֶּלֶךְ (Allammelech); indeclinable (homophonous with the personal name Elimelech of Ruth).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑμιηλAmielindeclinable place-nameΑμιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew עַמְעָד (Amad); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΜαασαMaasaindeclinable place-nameΜαασα: transliteration of Hebrew מִשְׁאָל (Mishal); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
συνάψειit will joinFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (boundary-meeting)→ future of boundary-tracingσυνάπτω: see v. 11; here with the dative of the feature met.
τῷwithDativearticle (dative with Καρμήλῳ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαρμήλῳCarmelDativedative object of συνάψει (declinable place-name)Κάρμηλος: 'Carmel'; a fully Hellenised, second-declension masculine place-name (dat. Καρμήλῳ), unlike the indeclinable toponyms; renders כַּרְמֶל; the prominent coastal mountain-headland forming Asher's south-western limit.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)κατά + acc.: κατὰ θάλασσαν, 'seaward / westward'.
θάλασσανthe seaAccusativeaccusative (compass direction)θάλασσα: see v. 22.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷwithDativearticle (dative with Σιων)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιωνSion (Shihor-libnath)indeclinable place-name (dative sense, with τῷ)Σιων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁיחוֹר לִבְנָת (Shihor-libnath); indeclinable; the dative force supplied by τῷ; not Mount Zion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΛαβαναθLabanathindeclinable place-nameΛαβαναθ: transliteration of the second element of Shihor-libnath (Heb. לִבְנָת); indeclinable.
27

καὶ ἐπιστρέψει ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου καὶ Βαιθεγενεθ καὶ συνάψει τῷ Ζαβουλων καὶ ἐκ Γαι καὶ Φθαιηλ κατὰ βορρᾶν καὶ εἰσελεύσεται ὅρια Σαφθαιβαιθμε καὶ Ιναηλ καὶ διελεύσεται εἰς Χωβα μασομελ

And it will turn from the rising of the sun, even Beth-dagon, and it will join Zebulun, and from Gai and Iphtah-el northward, and the border will enter Saphthai-baithme and Inael, and it will pass through to Choba on the left.

Boundary trace: Asher's eastern and northern circuit, abutting Zebulunκαὶ ἐπιστρέψει ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου
The long boundary clause uses the full directional idiom ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου ('from the rising of the sun', i.e. the east), the verb ἐπιστρέψει ('it will turn'), and συνάψει τῷ Ζαβουλων ('it will join Zebulun') to mark the shared frontier; μασομελ is a transliteration of Hebrew מִשְּׂמֹאל ('on the left / northward'), here mistaken by the Greek for a place-element.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπιστρέψειit will turnFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (boundary turning)→ future of boundary-tracingἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / turn toward'; the border's change of direction, rendering שׁוּב.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided)ἀπό (elided ἀπ᾿): with ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου, 'from the sunrise / east'.
ἀνατολῶνthe risingGenitivegenitive (with ἀπ᾿)ἀνατολή (pl.): in the full phrase ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου, 'the rising of the sun', i.e. the east; renders מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ.
ἡλίουof the sunGenitivegenitive (with ἀνατολῶν: 'sunrise')ἥλιος: 'sun'; ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου = 'sunrise / east', the full directional expression.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθεγενεθBeth-dagonindeclinable place-nameΒαιθεγενεθ: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית דָּגֹן (Beth-dagon); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
συνάψειit will joinFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (boundary-meeting)→ future of boundary-tracingσυνάπτω: see v. 11; the border meets Zebulun's territory.
τῷwithDativearticle (dative with Ζαβουλων)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable proper noun (dative sense, with τῷ)Ζαβουλων: see v. 10; here the neighbouring tribe whose border Asher's touches.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: 'from / out of'.
ΓαιGaiindeclinable place-name (object of ἐκ)Γαι: transliteration of Hebrew גֵּי (the valley of) Iphtah-el; indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΦθαιηλIphtah-elindeclinable place-nameΦθαιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִפְתַּח־אֵל (Iphtah-el); indeclinable.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)κατά + acc.: κατὰ βορρᾶν, 'northward'.
βορρᾶνthe northAccusativeaccusative (compass direction)βορρᾶς: see v. 14.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἰσελεύσεταιit will enterFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (boundary entry)→ future of boundary-tracingεἰσέρχομαι: 'go in / enter'; the border's entry into a region, rendering בּוֹא.
ὅριαthe borderNominativesubject (neuter plural)ὅριον: see v. 10.
ΣαφθαιβαιθμεSaphthai-baithmeindeclinable place-name (goal)Σαφθαιβαιθμε: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית הָעֵמֶק (Beth-emek); indeclinable; the Greek has agglutinated several Hebrew elements.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΙναηλInaelindeclinable place-nameΙναηλ: transliteration of Hebrew נְעִיאֵל (Neiel); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διελεύσεταιit will pass throughFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (boundary continuation)→ future of boundary-tracingδιέρχομαι: see v. 12.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΧωβαChobaindeclinable place-name (object of εἰς)Χωβα: transliteration of Hebrew כָּבוּל (Cabul); indeclinable.
μασομελon the left (northward)indeclinable element (transliterated Hebrew)μασομελ: a transliteration of Hebrew מִשְּׂמֹאל ('on the left', i.e. to the north), which the Old Greek has treated as part of the toponym rather than rendering it; indeclinable.
28

καὶ Ελβων καὶ Ρααβ καὶ Εμεμαων καὶ Κανθαν ἕως Σιδῶνος τῆς μεγάλης

and Elbon and Raab and Ememaon and Kanthan, as far as Sidon the great.

Town-list extending to Sidonκαὶ Ελβων
The Asherite towns extend northward 'as far as Sidon the great' (ἕως Σιδῶνος τῆς μεγάλης) — the famous Phoenician city, here named with the fully declinable Σιδών (gen. Σιδῶνος) and the honorific epithet 'the great', the ideal northern limit of Asher's coastal strip.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕλβωνElbonindeclinable place-nameΕλβων: transliteration of Hebrew עֶבְרֹן (Ebron / Abdon); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΡααβRaabindeclinable place-nameΡααβ: transliteration of Hebrew רְחֹב (Rehob); indeclinable (homophonous with the name of Rahab in Josh 2, but here a town).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕμεμαωνEmemaonindeclinable place-nameΕμεμαων: transliteration of Hebrew חַמּוֹן (Hammon); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚανθανKanthanindeclinable place-nameΚανθαν: transliteration of Hebrew קָנָה (Kanah); indeclinable.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (extent)ἕως: 'as far as / up to'; marking the northern limit.
ΣιδῶνοςSidonGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (declinable place-name)Σιδών (gen. Σιδῶνος): 'Sidon'; a fully declinable third-declension feminine place-name, unlike the indeclinable toponyms; renders צִידוֹן; the great Phoenician port, the ideal northern limit of the land (cf. Gen 10:19).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with epithet)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjective (epithet of Sidon)μέγας (fem. gen. μεγάλης): 'great'; the standing epithet Σιδὼν ἡ μεγάλη ('Greater Sidon') reflects the city's preeminence among the Phoenician coastal cities (cf. Josh 11:8).
29

καὶ ἀναστρέψει τὰ ὅρια εἰς Ραμα καὶ ἕως πηγῆς Μασφασσατ καὶ τῶν Τυρίων καὶ ἀναστρέψει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ Ιασιφ καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ ἡ θάλασσα καὶ ἀπὸ Λεβ καὶ Εχοζοβ

And the border will turn back to Rama and as far as the spring of Masphassat and of the Tyrians, and the border will turn back to Iasiph, and its outgoing will be the sea, and from Leb and Echozob,

Boundary trace: Asher's circuit toward Tyre and the seaκαὶ ἀναστρέψει τὰ ὅρια εἰς Ραμα
The border 'turns back' (ἀναστρέψει, twice) to a spring and to the territory of the Tyrians (τῶν Τυρίων, the declinable gentilic for the people of Tyre), reaching its terminus (διέξοδος) at the sea. The fortified city of Tyre (named in v. 35) anchors the Phoenician frontier of Asher.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀναστρέψειit will turn backFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναστρέφωmain verb (boundary turning)→ future of boundary-tracingἀναστρέφω: see v. 12; the border's reversal of direction.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject (neuter plural)ὅριον: see v. 10.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΡαμαRamaindeclinable place-name (object of εἰς)Ραμα: transliteration of Hebrew רָמָה (Ramah, 'height'); indeclinable; an Asherite Ramah, distinct from the Benjaminite town.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (extent)ἕως: see v. 8.
πηγῆςthe springGenitivegenitive object of ἕωςπηγή: 'spring / fountain'; renders עֵין; a water-source used as a boundary point.
ΜασφασσατMasphassatindeclinable place-name (with πηγῆς)Μασφασσατ: transliteration of Hebrew מִבְצַר צֹר (the fortress of Tyre) region; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with gentilic)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤυρίωνTyriansGenitivegenitive (the territory of the Tyrians)Τύριος: 'Tyrian / inhabitant of Tyre'; a fully declinable gentilic (gen. pl. Τυρίων), substantival for the people/territory of Tyre (צֹר); the fenced city of Tyre defines this stretch of Asher's frontier (cf. v. 35; 2 Sam 24:7).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀναστρέψειit will turn backFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναστρέφωmain verb (boundary turning)→ future of boundary-tracingἀναστρέφω: see v. 12; the repetition marks a second change of direction.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject (neuter plural)ὅριον: see v. 10.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙασιφIasiphindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπί)Ιασιφ: transliteration of Hebrew חֹסָה (Hosah); indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔσταιwill beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (boundary terminus)→ future of boundary-tracingεἰμί (fut.): see v. 10.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoingNominativesubject (boundary terminus)διέξοδος: see v. 14.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτοῦ: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαseaNominativepredicate nominative (the terminus)θάλασσα: see v. 11; the Mediterranean as Asher's western terminus.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΛεβLebindeclinable place-name (object of ἀπὸ)Λεβ: transliteration of a coastal site (cf. Heb. מֵחֶבֶל, 'from the region of'); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕχοζοβEchozobindeclinable place-nameΕχοζοβ: transliteration of Hebrew אַכְזִיב (Achzib); indeclinable.
30

καὶ Αρχωβ καὶ Αφεκ καὶ Ρααυ

and Archob and Aphek and Raau.

Conclusion of the Asher town-listκαὶ Αρχωβ
The final three Asherite towns (Ummah, Aphek, Rehob); Αφεκ is one of several places named Aphek in the OT (cf. 1 Sam 4:1).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑρχωβArchobindeclinable place-nameΑρχωβ: transliteration of Hebrew עֻמָּה (Ummah); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑφεκAphekindeclinable place-nameΑφεκ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲפֵק (Aphek); indeclinable; one of several towns of this name (cf. Josh 13:4; 1 Sam 4:1).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΡααυRaauindeclinable place-nameΡααυ: transliteration of Hebrew רְחֹב (Rehob); indeclinable.
31

αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ασηρ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν πόλεις καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher according to their clans — cities and their villages.

Summary formula closing Asher's allotmentαὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Ασηρ
The standard tribal summary formula closes Asher, with the cities-and-villages tag.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary formula)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 8.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominativeκληρονομία: see v. 1.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλή: see v. 8.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΑσηρAsherindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ασηρ: see v. 24.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)δῆμος: see v. 8.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional summaryπόλις: in the tally-tag.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenoun (dependent settlements)κώμη: see v. 6.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
32

καὶ τῷ Νεφθαλι ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ ἕκτος

And for Naphtali the sixth lot came out.

New allotment unit: Naphtali (sixth lot)καὶ τῷ Νεφθαλι ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ ἕκτος
The allotment formula with fronted dative beneficiary (τῷ Νεφθαλι, 'for Naphtali'); ὁ κλῆρος ὁ ἕκτος numbers it the sixth lot.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷforDativearticle (dative of advantage with Νεφθαλι)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliindeclinable proper noun (dative of advantage: 'for Naphtali')Νεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי; indeclinable; the tribe of Jacob's sixth son (by Bilhah), allotted upper Galilee.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (allotment formula)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: see v. 1.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: see v. 1.
theNominativearticle (with ordinal)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕκτοςsixthNominativeordinal adjective (modifying κλῆρος)ἕκτος: 'sixth'; numbering Naphtali's lot.
33

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν Μοολαμ καὶ Μωλα καὶ Βεσεμιιν καὶ Αρμε καὶ Ναβωκ καὶ Ιεφθαμαι ἕως Δωδαμ καὶ ἐγενήθησαν αἱ διέξοδοι αὐτοῦ ὁ Ιορδάνης

And their borders were Moolam and Mola and Besemiin and Arme and Nabok and Jephthamai, as far as Dodam, and its outgoings were the Jordan.

Boundary trace of Naphtali (terminus at the Jordan)καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν
Naphtali's boundary list runs through a series of indeclinable towns to its terminus at the Jordan (ὁ Ιορδάνης, declinable nominative), the natural eastern limit of upper Galilee; the plural αἱ διέξοδοι ('the outgoings') varies the usual singular.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwereAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (introducing town-list)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): see v. 1.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativesubjectὅριον: see v. 10.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΜοολαμMoolamindeclinable place-name (predicate)Μοολαμ: transliteration of Hebrew מֵחֵלֶף (from Heleph); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΜωλαMolaindeclinable place-nameΜωλα: transliteration of Hebrew אַלּוֹן (Allon) region; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒεσεμιινBesemiinindeclinable place-nameΒεσεμιιν: transliteration of Hebrew בְּצַעֲנַנִּים (Zaanannim); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑρμεArmeindeclinable place-nameΑρμε: transliteration of Hebrew אֲדָמִי הַנֶּקֶב (Adami-nekeb); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΝαβωκNabokindeclinable place-nameΝαβωκ: transliteration of Hebrew יַבְנְאֵל (Jabneel); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΙεφθαμαιJephthamaiindeclinable place-nameΙεφθαμαι: transliteration of a Naphtali boundary-site (cf. Heb. לַקּוּם, Lakkum); indeclinable.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (extent)ἕως: see v. 8.
ΔωδαμDodamindeclinable place-name (object of ἕως)Δωδαμ: transliteration of a boundary-site of Naphtali; indeclinable.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθησανwereAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (boundary terminus)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass. pl.): 'came to be'; here with the plural subject αἱ διέξοδοι.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοιoutgoingsNominativesubject (plural of διέξοδος)διέξοδος (pl. διέξοδοι): see v. 14; the plural denotes the several terminal points of the boundary.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτοῦ: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
theNominativearticle (with declinable river-name)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηςJordanNominativepredicate nominative (the terminus)Ἰορδάνης: see v. 22; Naphtali's eastern limit.
34

καὶ ἐπιστρέψει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ θάλασσαν Εναθ Θαβωρ καὶ διελεύσεται ἐκεῖθεν ιακανα καὶ συνάψει τῷ Ζαβουλων ἀπὸ νότου καὶ Ασηρ συνάψει κατὰ θάλασσαν καὶ ὁ Ιορδάνης ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου

And the border will turn toward the sea, Enath-tabor, and it will pass through from there to Iakana, and it will join Zebulun on the south, and it will join Asher toward the sea, and the Jordan on the east.

Boundary trace: Naphtali's circuit abutting Zebulun, Asher, and the Jordanκαὶ ἐπιστρέψει τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ θάλασσαν
The boundary turns westward (ἐπὶ θάλασσαν) and 'joins' (συνάψει) the neighbouring tribes — Zebulun on the south (ἀπὸ νότου), Asher to the west (κατὰ θάλασσαν), and the Jordan on the east (ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου) — fixing Naphtali at the junction of Galilee's tribes; Εναθ Θαβωρ preserves the compound 'Aznoth-tabor' (the foothills of Mount Tabor).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπιστρέψειit will turnFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (boundary turning)→ future of boundary-tracingἐπιστρέφω: see v. 27.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject (neuter plural)ὅριον: see v. 10.
ἐπὶtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
θάλασσανthe seaAccusativeaccusative (compass direction: westward)θάλασσα: see v. 22.
ΕναθEnath (Aznoth-)indeclinable place-name (compound element)Εναθ: transliteration of the first element of Hebrew אַזְנוֹת תָּבוֹר (Aznoth-tabor); indeclinable.
ΘαβωρTaborindeclinable place-name (compound element)Θαβωρ: transliteration of Hebrew תָּבוֹר (Tabor); indeclinable; Mount Tabor, the prominent Galilean peak (cf. Judg 4:6).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διελεύσεταιit will pass throughFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (boundary continuation)→ future of boundary-tracingδιέρχομαι: see v. 12.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (source)ἐκεῖθεν: see v. 13.
ιακαναIakanaindeclinable place-nameιακανα: transliteration of Hebrew חוּקֹק (Hukkok); indeclinable; printed in lower case in the source but a proper name.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
συνάψειit will joinFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (boundary-meeting)→ future of boundary-tracingσυνάπτω: see v. 11.
τῷwithDativearticle (dative with Ζαβουλων)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable proper noun (dative sense, with τῷ)Ζαβουλων: see v. 10; the southern neighbour.
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (compass orientation)ἀπό: with νότου, 'on the south side'.
νότουthe southGenitivegenitive (compass direction)νότος: 'south (wind)'; ἀπὸ νότου, 'on the south', renders מִנֶּגֶב.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσηρAsherindeclinable proper noun (object of συνάψει)Ασηρ: see v. 24; the western neighbour.
συνάψειit will joinFut Act Indic 3 Sg · συνάπτωmain verb (boundary-meeting)→ future of boundary-tracingσυνάπτω: see v. 11; the repeated verb emphasises Naphtali's multiple tribal frontiers.
κατὰtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)κατά + acc.: κατὰ θάλασσαν, 'seaward / westward'.
θάλασσανthe seaAccusativeaccusative (compass direction)θάλασσα: see v. 22.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
theNominativearticle (with declinable river-name)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηςJordanNominativenominative (the eastern boundary)Ἰορδάνης: see v. 22; the eastern limit, ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου.
ἀπ᾿onpreposition + genitive (compass orientation, elided)ἀπό (elided): with ἀνατολῶν ἡλίου, 'on the east'.
ἀνατολῶνthe risingGenitivegenitive (with ἀπ᾿)ἀνατολή (pl.): see v. 27.
ἡλίουof the sunGenitivegenitive (with ἀνατολῶν: 'sunrise')ἥλιος: see v. 27.
35

καὶ αἱ πόλεις τειχήρεις τῶν Τυρίων Τύρος καὶ Ωμαθα Δακεθ καὶ Κενερεθ

And the fortified cities of the Tyrians: Tyre and Omatha-daketh and Kinnereth,

List of Naphtali's fortified citiesκαὶ αἱ πόλεις τειχήρεις τῶν Τυρίων
The list of Naphtali's fenced cities (αἱ πόλεις τειχήρεις, 'the walled cities') opens with the great Phoenician port of Tyre (Τύρος, declinable nominative) and the territory of the Tyrians; Κενερεθ is Chinnereth, which gives its name to the lake (the Sea of Galilee/Gennesaret).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject (list head)πόλις: see v. 6.
τειχήρειςfortifiedNominativeattributive adjective (walled cities)τειχήρης: 'walled / fortified'; renders מִבְצָר / בָּצוּר; distinguishes the defended towns from the open settlements.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with gentilic)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤυρίωνTyriansGenitivegenitive (the territory of the Tyrians)Τύριος: see v. 29; the people/territory of Tyre.
ΤύροςTyreNominativenominative (first named fortified city)Τύρος: 'Tyre'; a fully declinable second-declension feminine place-name (gen. Τύρου); renders צֹר; the great fortified Phoenician island-city, proverbially 'the strong city' (cf. 2 Sam 24:7; Ezek 26–28).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΩμαθαOmathaindeclinable place-name (compound element)Ωμαθα: transliteration of Hebrew חַמַּת (Hammath, 'hot springs'); indeclinable.
ΔακεθDaketh (Rakkath)indeclinable place-name (compound element)Δακεθ: transliteration of Hebrew רַקַּת (Rakkath); indeclinable; joined to the preceding in the Greek list.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚενερεθKinnerethindeclinable place-nameΚενερεθ: transliteration of Hebrew כִּנֶּרֶת (Chinnereth); indeclinable; the town that names the lake (later the Sea of Galilee / Gennesaret).
36

καὶ Αρμαιθ καὶ Αραηλ καὶ Ασωρ

and Armaith and Arael and Hazor,

Continuation of Naphtali's fortified-city listκαὶ Αρμαιθ
Three more Naphtali cities; Ασωρ is Hazor, the great Canaanite royal city Joshua had earlier burned (Josh 11:10–11), now reckoned among Naphtali's fortified towns and later rebuilt (1 Kgs 9:15).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑρμαιθArmaithindeclinable place-nameΑρμαιθ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲדָמָה (Adamah); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑραηλAraelindeclinable place-nameΑραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew הָרָמָה (Ramah of Naphtali); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσωρHazorindeclinable place-nameΑσωρ: transliteration of Hebrew חָצוֹר (Hazor); indeclinable; the great northern royal city burned by Joshua (Josh 11:10–11), later fortified by Solomon (1 Kgs 9:15).
37

καὶ Καδες καὶ Ασσαρι καὶ πηγὴ Ασορ

and Kedesh and Assari and the spring of Hazor,

Continuation of Naphtali's fortified-city listκαὶ Καδες
Καδες is Kedesh of Naphtali, a city of refuge and Levitical city (Josh 20:7; 21:32) and the home of Barak (Judg 4:6); πηγὴ Ασορ ('the spring of Hazor') renders En-hazor.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚαδεςKedeshindeclinable place-nameΚαδες: transliteration of Hebrew קֶדֶשׁ (Kedesh); indeclinable; Kedesh of Naphtali, a city of refuge and Levitical city (Josh 20:7; 21:32), home of Barak (Judg 4:6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσσαριAssariindeclinable place-nameΑσσαρι: transliteration of Hebrew אֶדְרֶעִי (Edrei of Naphtali); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πηγὴthe springNominativenoun (compound place-name: 'spring of Hazor')πηγή: 'spring'; here in the rendered compound πηγὴ Ασορ, 'the spring of Hazor', for Hebrew עֵין חָצוֹר (En-hazor).
Ασορof Hazorindeclinable place-name (with πηγή)Ασορ: transliteration of Hebrew חָצוֹר in the compound En-hazor; indeclinable.
38

καὶ Κερωε καὶ Μεγαλα Αριμ καὶ Βαιθθαμε καὶ Θεσσαμυς

and Keroe and Megala-arim and Baith-thame and Thessamys.

Conclusion of Naphtali's city-listκαὶ Κερωε
The final Naphtali towns; Μεγαλα Αριμ may render Migdal-el ('tower of God'), and Βαιθθαμε Beth-anath; Θεσσαμυς is another Beth-shemesh ('house of the sun').
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΚερωεKeroeindeclinable place-nameΚερωε: transliteration of Hebrew יִרְאוֹן (Iron); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΜεγαλαMegala (Migdal-)indeclinable place-name (compound element)Μεγαλα: transliteration of the first element of Hebrew מִגְדַּל אֵל (Migdal-el, 'tower of God'); indeclinable.
ΑριμArim (-el)indeclinable place-name (compound element)Αριμ: transliteration of the second element of Migdal-el (cf. Heb. חֳרֵם, Horem); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθθαμεBaith-thameindeclinable place-nameΒαιθθαμε: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית עֲנָת (Beth-anath); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΘεσσαμυςThessamysindeclinable place-nameΘεσσαμυς: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ (Beth-shemesh of Naphtali, 'house of the sun'); indeclinable.
39

αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Νεφθαλι

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali.

Summary formula closing Naphtali's allotmentαὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Νεφθαλι
The tribal summary formula closes Naphtali; here the cities-and-villages tally-tag is omitted, the formula reduced to its core.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary formula)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 8.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominativeκληρονομία: see v. 1.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλή: see v. 8.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Νεφθαλι: see v. 32.
40

καὶ τῷ Δαν ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ ἕβδομος

And for Dan the seventh lot came out.

New allotment unit: Dan (seventh lot)καὶ τῷ Δαν ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ὁ ἕβδομος
The allotment formula with fronted dative beneficiary (τῷ Δαν, 'for Dan'); ὁ κλῆρος ὁ ἕβδομος numbers it the seventh and last tribal lot of the Shiloh distribution.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷforDativearticle (dative of advantage with Δαν)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔανDanindeclinable proper noun (dative of advantage: 'for Dan')Δαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן; indeclinable; the tribe of Jacob's fifth son (by Bilhah), here receiving the seventh and final lot.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (allotment formula)→ constative aoristἐξέρχομαι: see v. 1.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubjectκλῆρος: see v. 1.
theNominativearticle (with ordinal)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕβδομοςseventhNominativeordinal adjective (modifying κλῆρος)ἕβδομος: 'seventh'; numbering Dan's lot, the last of the second division.
41

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν Σαραθ καὶ Ασα πόλεις Σαμμαυς

And their borders were Sarath and Asa, the cities of Sammaus,

Boundary/town-list of Danκαὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν
Dan's allotment list opens with Σαραθ (Zorah) and Ασα (Eshtaol), the towns of Samson's birth and burial (Judg 13:25; 16:31); Σαμμαυς renders Ir-shemesh (Beth-shemesh). The Danite territory lay in the western foothills between Judah and Ephraim.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwereAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (introducing town-list)→ constative aoristγίνομαι (aor. pass.): see v. 1.
τὰtheNominativearticleτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativesubjectὅριον: see v. 10.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΣαραθZorahindeclinable place-name (predicate)Σαραθ: transliteration of Hebrew צָרְעָה (Zorah); indeclinable; with Eshtaol, the region of Samson (Judg 13:25; 16:31).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσαEshtaolindeclinable place-nameΑσα: transliteration of Hebrew אֶשְׁתָּאוֹל (Eshtaol); indeclinable.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional noun (in apposition to the named towns)πόλις: see v. 6; here loosely apposed to the list.
ΣαμμαυςSammaus (Ir-shemesh)indeclinable place-nameΣαμμαυς: transliteration of Hebrew עִיר שֶׁמֶשׁ (Ir-shemesh, 'city of the sun', = Beth-shemesh); indeclinable.
42

καὶ Σαλαβιν καὶ Αμμων καὶ Σιλαθα

and Shaalabbin and Ammon and Silatha,

Continuation of the Dan town-listκαὶ Σαλαβιν
Three more Danite towns (Shaalabbin, Aijalon, Ithlah); Αμμων here renders Aijalon, the valley over which the sun stood still (Josh 10:12).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣαλαβινShaalabbinindeclinable place-nameΣαλαβιν: transliteration of Hebrew שַׁעֲלַבִּין (Shaalabbin); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑμμωνAijalonindeclinable place-nameΑμμων: transliteration of Hebrew אַיָּלוֹן (Aijalon); indeclinable; the valley of Joshua's long day (Josh 10:12), not to be confused with the nation Ammon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣιλαθαSilathaindeclinable place-nameΣιλαθα: transliteration of Hebrew יִתְלָה (Ithlah); indeclinable.
43

καὶ Αιλων καὶ Θαμναθα καὶ Ακκαρων

and Elon and Timnah and Ekron,

Continuation of the Dan town-listκαὶ Αιλων
Θαμναθα is Timnah, associated with Samson's Philistine wife (Judg 14:1); Ακκαρων is Ekron, one of the five Philistine pentapolis cities (1 Sam 5:10), here nominally in Dan's lot but never truly held.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑιλωνElonindeclinable place-nameΑιλων: transliteration of Hebrew אֵילוֹן (Elon); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΘαμναθαTimnahindeclinable place-nameΘαμναθα: transliteration of Hebrew תִּמְנָתָה (Timnah); indeclinable; Samson's Philistine connection (Judg 14:1).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑκκαρωνEkronindeclinable place-nameΑκκαρων: transliteration of Hebrew עֶקְרוֹן (Ekron); indeclinable; one of the five Philistine cities (1 Sam 5:10; 6:16-17), assigned to Dan but never subdued.
44

καὶ Αλκαθα καὶ Βεγεθων καὶ Γεβεελαν

and Alkatha and Begethon and Gebeelan,

Continuation of the Dan town-listκαὶ Αλκαθα
Three more Danite towns (Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath); Βεγεθων is Gibbethon, later a Philistine border fortress contested by Israel (1 Kgs 15:27; 16:15).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑλκαθαEltekehindeclinable place-nameΑλκαθα: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְתְּקֵה (Eltekeh); indeclinable; a Levitical city of Dan (Josh 21:23).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒεγεθωνGibbethonindeclinable place-nameΒεγεθων: transliteration of Hebrew גִּבְּתוֹן (Gibbethon); indeclinable; later a contested Philistine border fortress (1 Kgs 15:27; 16:15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓεβεελανBaalathindeclinable place-nameΓεβεελαν: transliteration of Hebrew בַּעֲלָת (Baalath); indeclinable; later fortified by Solomon (1 Kgs 9:18).
45

καὶ Αζωρ καὶ Βαναιβακατ καὶ Γεθρεμμων

and Azor and Banai-bakat and Gath-rimmon,

Continuation of the Dan town-listκαὶ Αζωρ
Three more Danite towns (Jehud, Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon); Βαναιβακατ preserves the compound Bene-berak, Γεθρεμμων Gath-rimmon, a Levitical city (Josh 21:24).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑζωρJehudindeclinable place-nameΑζωρ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהֻד (Jehud); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαναιβακατBene-berakindeclinable place-nameΒαναιβακατ: transliteration of Hebrew בְּנֵי בְרַק (Bene-berak); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓεθρεμμωνGath-rimmonindeclinable place-nameΓεθρεμμων: transliteration of Hebrew גַּת רִמּוֹן (Gath-rimmon, 'winepress of the pomegranate'); indeclinable; a Levitical city of Dan (Josh 21:24).
46

καὶ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης Ιερακων ὅριον πλησίον Ιόππης

and from the sea, Jerakon a border, near Joppa.

Western/coastal limit of Dan (near Joppa)καὶ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης Ιερακων
Dan's territory reaches the Mediterranean coast near Joppa (πλησίον Ιόππης) — the declinable port-city Ἰόππη (gen. Ἰόππης), later the harbour from which Jonah sailed (Jonah 1:3) and the scene of Peter's vision (Acts 9:43; 10:5). Ιερακων ('of the Jarkon') marks the river-mouth border (the Yarkon, me-jarkon).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπό: 'from'; with θαλάσσης, marking the coastal frontier.
θαλάσσηςthe seaGenitivegenitive (with ἀπὸ: 'from the sea')θάλασσα (gen. θαλάσσης): see v. 11; the Mediterranean, Dan's western edge.
ΙερακωνJerakon (me-jarkon)indeclinable place-nameΙερακων: transliteration of Hebrew מֵי הַיַּרְקוֹן (Me-jarkon, 'the waters of the Jarkon'); indeclinable; the river-mouth border north of Joppa.
ὅριονa borderNominativeappositional noun (the boundary)ὅριον: 'border'; here marking Me-jarkon as the boundary-point of Dan's coastal limit.
πλησίονnearadverb / improper preposition (+ gen.: 'near')πλησίον: 'near / close to'; here governing the genitive Ιόππης, 'near Joppa'.
ΙόππηςJoppaGenitivegenitive (with πλησίον: 'near Joppa')Ἰόππη (gen. Ἰόππης): 'Joppa'; a fully declinable first-declension feminine place-name; renders יָפוֹ; the chief port of the central coast, later associated with Jonah (Jonah 1:3) and the apostle Peter (Acts 9:43; 10:5-23).
47

αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Δαν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν αἱ πόλεις αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν καὶ οὐκ ἐξέθλιψαν οἱ υἱοὶ Δαν τὸν Αμορραῖον τὸν θλίβοντα αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὄρει καὶ οὐκ εἴων αὐτοὺς οἱ Αμορραῖοι καταβῆναι εἰς τὴν κοιλάδα καὶ ἔθλιψαν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν τὸ ὅριον τῆς μερίδος αὐτῶν

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Dan according to their clans, their cities and their villages. And the sons of Dan did not drive out the Amorite who oppressed them in the hill country, and the Amorites would not let them go down into the valley, and they squeezed from them the border of their portion.

Summary formula + conquest-failure expansionαὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς υἱῶν Δαν
The Danite summary formula is followed (in the LXX) by an expanded notice of unfinished conquest: the threefold play on the root θλίβω — the Amorite 'oppressing' (θλίβοντα) Dan, Dan failing to 'press out' (ἐξέθλιψαν) the Amorite, and the Amorites 'squeezing' (ἔθλιψαν) Dan's border — dramatises the tribe's confinement to the hills, the very pressure that will drive the Danite migration narrated in Judges 18 (cf. Judg 1:34–35).
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (summary formula)οὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 8.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominativeκληρονομία: see v. 1.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (possessive)φυλή: see v. 8.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (possessive)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΔανDanindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Δαν: see v. 40.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)δῆμος: see v. 8.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativeappositional summaryπόλις: in the tally-tag.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenoun (dependent settlements)κώμη: see v. 6.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (transition to conquest-failure)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὐκnotnegative adverb (with ἐξέθλιψαν)οὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the negative of fact; the Danites failed to dislodge the Amorite.
ἐξέθλιψανthey drove outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκθλίβωmain verb (negated: failure to expel)→ constative aorist (the unaccomplished expulsion)ἐκθλίβω: 'press out / squeeze out / expel'; the compound ἐκ- intensifies θλίβω ('press'); with the negative, the Danites could not force the Amorite out — a play on the same root that describes the Amorite oppressing them (θλίβοντα) and squeezing their border (ἔθλιψαν).
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubjectυἱός: the Danites as subject.
ΔανDanindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Δαν: see v. 40.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραῖονAmoriteAccusativedirect object of ἐξέθλιψανἈμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; a fully declinable gentilic (acc. Ἀμορραῖον); renders אֱמֹרִי; the collective name for the pre-Israelite hill-country population (cf. Gen 15:16; Judg 1:34-35).
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (with participle: 'the one who…')τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίβονταoppressingPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · θλίβωattributive participle (modifying τὸν Αμορραῖον)→ ongoing oppression (present aspect)θλίβω: 'press / afflict / oppress'; the present participle marks the Amorite's continual pressure on Dan; the root recurs three times in the verse, binding the passage into a single ironic figure of mutual 'pressing'.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of θλίβοντα (the Danites)αὐτοὺς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill countryDativedative of place (locative: 'in the hills')ὄρος: 'mountain / hill country'; renders הַר; the highlands to which the Amorite confined Dan, denying them the fertile coastal plain.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὐκnotnegative adverb (with εἴων)οὐ (οὐκ): negative.
εἴωνwould allowImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐάωmain verb (negated: the Amorites' refusal)→ imperfect of persistent refusalἐάω: 'allow / permit / let'; the imperfect εἴων marks a sustained, repeated refusal — the Amorites kept the Danites from descending to the plain; renders the durative Hebrew.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive καταβῆναιαὐτοὺς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραῖοιAmoritesNominativesubject (plural of Αμορραῖος)Ἀμορραῖος (pl. Ἀμορραῖοι): see above; the plural here names the people collectively as the agents of refusal.
καταβῆναιto go downAor Act Inf · καταβαίνωcomplementary infinitive (with εἴων)→ aorist infinitive (the prevented descent)καταβαίνω: 'go down / descend'; the infinitive of the action the Amorites prevented — Dan's descent from the hills into the fertile lowland.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλάδαvalleyAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςκοιλάς: 'valley / hollow / lowland'; renders עֵמֶק; the coastal plain the Danites were barred from, the fertile land held by the Amorite/Philistine.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔθλιψανthey squeezedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θλίβωmain verb (the Amorites' constriction of Dan)→ constative aoristθλίβω: 'press / squeeze / constrict'; the third occurrence of the root; the Amorites compressed Dan's border, reducing the tribe's portion — the territorial pressure that precipitates the migration of Judg 18.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (separation, elided)ἀπό (elided ἀπ᾿): 'from'; marking what was taken away from the Danites.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive (with ἀπ᾿: 'from them')αὐτῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριονborderAccusativedirect object of ἔθλιψανὅριον: see v. 10; here the territory/border that the Amorite pressure constricted.
τῆςof theGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερίδοςportionGenitivegenitive (possessive: 'of their portion')μερίς: 'portion / share'; see v. 9; the allotted Danite share that was diminished by the Amorite squeeze.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
48

καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα καὶ ἐπολέμησαν τὴν Λαχις καὶ κατελάβοντο αὐτὴν καὶ ἐπάταξαν αὐτὴν ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας καὶ κατῴκησαν αὐτὴν καὶ ἐκάλεσαν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς Λασενδακ καὶ ὁ Αμορραῖος ὑπέμεινεν τοῦ κατοικεῖν ἐν Ελωμ καὶ ἐν Σαλαμιν καὶ ἐβαρύνθη ἡ χεὶρ τοῦ Εφραιμ ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς καὶ ἐγένοντο αὐτοῖς εἰς φόρον

And the sons of Judah went and fought against Lachish and captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword and settled in it, and called its name Lasen-dak. And the Amorite remained to dwell in Elom and in Salamin, and the hand of Ephraim grew heavy upon them, and they became for them a tribute-people.

Conquest expansion: Judah takes Lachish/Lasen-dan; the Amorite subjected under Ephraimκαὶ ἐπορεύθησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα
The LXX expands the Danite notice with a conquest report: the sons of Judah capture a city (here Λαχις, renamed Λασενδακ — the Old Greek conflating the Danite Leshem/Dan of MT with Lachish), putting it to the sword 'with the edge (lit. mouth) of the sword' (ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας, a Hebraism). The surviving Amorite is reduced to a forced-labour subject (εἰς φόρον) under the 'heavy hand' (ἐβαρύνθη ἡ χεὶρ) of the house of Ephraim — the recurring Judges-era pattern of incomplete conquest and Canaanite corvée (cf. Judg 1:28, 35).
Word-by-word analysis· 51 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπορεύθησανwentAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (Judah's expedition)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: 'go / journey'; the deponent aorist ἐπορεύθησαν narrates the setting-out of the campaign.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubjectυἱός: the men of Judah.
Ιουδαof Judahindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ιουδα: see v. 1; in the LXX it is the sons of Judah (Heb. Dan) who take the city.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπολέμησανfought againstAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πολεμέωmain verb (waging war)→ constative aoristπολεμέω: 'wage war / fight against'; renders נִלְחַם; takes the accusative of the object attacked (τὴν Λαχις).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable city-name)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛαχιςLachishindeclinable place-name (object of ἐπολέμησαν, with article τὴν)Λαχις: transliteration of Hebrew לָכִישׁ (Lachish) / לֶשֶׁם (Leshem); indeclinable, the case borne by the article τὴν; the city the Danites/Judahites captured and renamed (MT: Leshem renamed Dan; the Old Greek conflates the name with Lachish).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατελάβοντοcapturedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · καταλαμβάνωmain verb (seizure of the city)→ constative aoristκαταλαμβάνω: 'seize / overtake / capture'; the middle κατελάβοντο, 'took for themselves', renders לָכַד.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object (the city)αὐτὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπάταξανstruckAor Act Indic 3 Pl · πατάσσωmain verb (smiting the city)→ constative aoristπατάσσω: 'strike / smite / slay'; renders הִכָּה; the standard conquest-verb for putting a city to the sword.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect objectαὐτὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental, Hebraism)ἐν: instrumental ἐν στόματι, a Hebraism for 'with the edge of'.
στόματιthe edgeDativedative (instrumental: 'the mouth/edge of the sword')στόμα: 'mouth'; the idiom ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας ('by the mouth of the sword') renders לְפִי חֶרֶב, a Hebraism for 'with the edge of the sword' — total slaughter (cf. Josh 6:21; 8:24).
μαχαίραςof the swordGenitivegenitive (with στόματι: 'edge of the sword')μάχαιρα: 'sword / dagger'; renders חֶרֶב; the instrument of the ḥerem-slaughter.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατῴκησανsettled inAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατοικέωmain verb (taking up residence)→ constative aoristκατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the captors take up permanent residence in the conquered city.
αὐτὴνitAccusativeaccusative (place where: 'dwelt in it')αὐτὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκάλεσανcalledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καλέωmain verb (renaming)→ constative aoristκαλέω: 'call / name'; renders קָרָא; the renaming of a conquered city is a standard mark of possession (cf. Num 32:42).
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of ἐκάλεσανὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the new name marks the city's new lords.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the city's)αὐτῆς: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΛασενδακLasen-dakindeclinable place-name (the new name)Λασενδακ: transliteration conflating Hebrew לֶשֶׁם דָּן (Leshem-Dan); indeclinable; in MT the Danites rename Leshem 'Dan' after their ancestor (Josh 19:47; Judg 18:29), the city marking the proverbial northern limit ('from Dan to Beersheba').
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραῖοςAmoriteNominativesubject (the collective Amorite)Ἀμορραῖος: see v. 47; here the surviving Amorite population.
ὑπέμεινενremainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑπομένωmain verb (the Amorite's persistence)→ constative aoristὑπομένω: 'remain / endure / hold out'; here 'stayed on / persisted', renders the Amorite's continued presence in their towns despite Israelite pressure.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικεῖνdwellPres Act Inf · κατοικέωarticular infinitive (τοῦ + inf.: purpose/epexegetical)→ present infinitive (ongoing dwelling)κατοικέω: see above; the articular infinitive τοῦ κατοικεῖν expresses the Amorite's determination to go on dwelling in their towns.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΕλωμElom (Aijalon)indeclinable place-name (object of ἐν)Ελωμ: transliteration of Hebrew אַיָּלוֹן (Aijalon); indeclinable; one of the Amorite towns of the foothills (cf. Judg 1:35).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣαλαμινSalamin (Shaalbim)indeclinable place-name (object of ἐν)Σαλαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew שַׁעַלְבִים (Shaalbim); indeclinable; the second of the Amorite foothill towns (cf. Judg 1:35).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐβαρύνθηgrew heavyAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · βαρύνωmain verb (the subjugation idiom)→ constative aorist (the imposition of dominance)βαρύνω: 'make heavy / weigh down'; the idiom ἐβαρύνθη ἡ χεὶρ … ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς ('the hand grew heavy upon them') renders כָּבְדָה יַד, a Hebraism for the imposition of dominion / subjugation (cf. Judg 1:35).
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεὶρhandNominativesubject (idiom: 'the hand of Ephraim')χείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; metonymy for power/dominion; 'the hand grew heavy upon them' = Ephraim subjected the Amorite to its rule.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Εφραιμ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense, with τοῦ)Εφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; indeclinable; the dominant central tribe descended from Joseph's son, here imposing corvée on the surviving Amorite.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (against, elided)ἐπί (elided ἐπ᾿): 'upon / against'; with αὐτούς in the subjugation idiom.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (the Amorites)αὐτούς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγένοντοthey becameAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (resultant status)→ constative aorist (achieved status)γίνομαι (aor. mid.): 'become'; with εἰς φόρον it renders the Hebrew הָיָה לְמַס, 'they became a forced-labour levy'.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage (to Ephraim)αὐτοῖς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (predicative, Hebraism εἰς + acc.)εἰς: predicative εἰς + accusative, rendering the Hebrew לְ of result ('became as / for').
φόρονtribute (forced labor)Accusativeaccusative (predicative: 'a tribute-people')φόρος: 'tribute / tax / forced-labour levy'; renders מַס; the Amorite is reduced to corvée servitude under Israel — the recurring Judges-era outcome (cf. Judg 1:28, 30, 33, 35).
49

καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐμβατεῦσαι τὴν γῆν κατὰ τὸ ὅριον αὐτῶν καὶ ἔδωκαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ κλῆρον Ἰησοῖ τῷ υἱῷ Ναυη ἐν αὐτοῖς

And they went to take possession of the land according to their border; and the sons of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun among them,

Transition to Joshua's inheritanceκαὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐμβατεῦσαι τὴν γῆν
With the tribal allotments complete, Israel takes formal possession (ἐμβατεῦσαι, the technical verb for entering upon a legal inheritance) and grants Joshua himself a portion 'among them' (ἐν αὐτοῖς) — a fitting reward for the leader who oversaw the whole distribution. The clause καὶ ἔδωκαν … κλῆρον Ἰησοῖ inverts the usual order: the lot-giver now receives a lot.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπορεύθησανthey wentAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: see v. 48.
ἐμβατεῦσαιto take possession ofAor Act Inf · ἐμβατεύωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐπορεύθησαν)→ aorist infinitive (decisive entry into possession)ἐμβατεύω: 'enter upon / take possession of (an inheritance)'; a technical legal term for entering into one's allotted property; the LXX uses it for the formal occupation of the apportioned land (cf. its only NT occurrence at Col 2:18 in a different sense).
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἐμβατεῦσαιγῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; the promised land now formally entered.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)κατά + acc.: 'according to'; each tribe enters its allotted territory.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριονborderAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)ὅριον: see v. 10; here the bounds of each tribe's allotment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκανgaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (granting Joshua's portion)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; Israel collectively bestows an inheritance on its leader.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubjectυἱός: the Israelites collectively.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ισραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the covenant people as a whole.
κλῆρονan inheritanceAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανκλῆρος: see v. 1; here the lot/inheritance granted to Joshua personally.
Ἰησοῖto JoshuaDativedative (indirect object: recipient)Ἰησοῦς (dat. Ἰησοῖ): 'Joshua'; a fully declinable name (the Greek form later borne by Jesus), rendering יְהוֹשֻׁעַ; the dative marks him as the recipient of the inheritance.
τῷtheDativearticle (with υἱῷ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῷsonDativedative in apposition to Ἰησοῖυἱός: 'son'; in the standing patronymic 'Joshua son of Nun'.
Ναυηof Nunindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense: 'of Nun')Ναυη: transliteration of Hebrew נוּן (Nun); indeclinable; Joshua's father; the LXX patronymic Ἰησοῦς (υἱὸς) Ναυη is the standard designation.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative (with ἐν: 'among them')αὐτοῖς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
50

διὰ προστάγματος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ τὴν πόλιν ἣν ᾐτήσατο Θαμνασαραχ ἥ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ὄρει Εφραιμ καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν πόλιν καὶ κατῴκει ἐν αὐτῇ

by the command of God; and they gave him the city which he asked for, Timnath-serah, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, and he built the city and dwelt in it.

Joshua's inheritance specified: Timnath-serahδιὰ προστάγματος τοῦ θεοῦ
The grant to Joshua is explicitly 'by the command of God' (διὰ προστάγματος τοῦ θεοῦ), grounding even the leader's portion in divine warrant. The specific city, Timnath-serah (Θαμνασαραχ) in the Ephraimite hills, is the one Joshua himself requested (ᾐτήσατο); he rebuilds and settles it — and is later buried there (Josh 24:30; Judg 2:9).
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
διὰby / throughpreposition + genitive (means/cause)διά + gen.: 'through / by means of'; here the divine command as the warrant for the grant.
προστάγματοςcommandGenitivegenitive (with διά)πρόσταγμα: 'command / ordinance / decree'; renders עַל פִּי / מִצְוָה; the authoritative divine word directing the grant.
τοῦofGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive (possessive: God's command)θεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים / יהוה; the grant of Joshua's city rests on divine, not merely human, authority.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκανthey gaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (the grant)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: see v. 49.
αὐτῷto himDativedative (indirect object: Joshua)αὐτῷ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανπόλις: see v. 6; the city granted to Joshua.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾐτήσατο)ὅς (fem. acc. ἥν): relative pronoun, antecedent πόλιν.
ᾐτήσατοhe asked forAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · αἰτέωverb of relative clause (Joshua's request)→ constative aoristαἰτέω: 'ask / request'; the middle ᾐτήσατο, 'asked for himself', renders שָׁאַל; Joshua, who allotted all Israel's portions, modestly asks only for one city.
ΘαμνασαραχTimnath-serahindeclinable place-name (in apposition to πόλιν)Θαμνασαραχ: transliteration of Hebrew תִּמְנַת סֶרַח (Timnath-serah, 'portion of abundance'); indeclinable; Joshua's city and burial-place in Ephraim (Josh 24:30; cf. Timnath-heres, Judg 2:9).
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν)ὅς (fem. nom. ἥ): relative pronoun, locating the city.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (locating)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'is'; locating Timnath-serah in Ephraim.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill countryDativedative of place (locative)ὄρος: see v. 47; the hill country of Ephraim, Joshua's own tribal highlands.
Εφραιμof Ephraimindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Εφραιμ: see v. 48; Joshua's own tribe (Josh 24:30).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb (rebuilding the city)→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build / rebuild'; renders בָּנָה; Joshua restores and fortifies his city.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησενπόλις: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατῴκειhe dweltImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κατοικέωmain verb (settled residence)→ imperfect of settled habitationκατοικέω: see v. 48; the imperfect κατῴκει marks Joshua's continued, settled dwelling in his city to the end of his life (cf. Josh 24:29-30).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτῇitDativedative (with ἐν: 'in it')αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
51

αὗται αἱ διαιρέσεις ἃς κατεκληρονόμησεν Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν πατριῶν ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς Ισραηλ κατὰ κλήρους ἐν Σηλω ἐναντίον κυρίου παρὰ τὰς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐμβατεῦσαι τὴν γῆν

These are the divisions which Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun and the heads of the fathers' houses apportioned among the tribes of Israel by lot, in Shiloh before the LORD at the doors of the tent of witness; and they went to take possession of the land.

Colophon: closure of the whole land-division (chs. 13–19)αὗται αἱ διαιρέσεις
The grand colophon closes not just ch. 19 but the entire second land-division. It names the three agencies of the apportioning — Eleazar the priest (cultic), Joshua son of Nun (military/civil), and the tribal heads (representative) — and roots the whole process in three sacral coordinates: 'by lot' (κατὰ κλήρους), 'in Shiloh' (ἐν Σηλω, the cultic centre), and 'before the LORD at the doors of the tent of witness' (ἐναντίον κυρίου … τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου). The closing clause repeats v. 49's ἐμβατεῦσαι τὴν γῆν, framing the section as the people's formal entry into their inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
αὗταιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (colophon formula)οὗτος (fem. pl. αὗται): 'these'; the summarising demonstrative that opens the colophon.
αἱtheNominativearticleαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαιρέσειςdivisionsNominativepredicate nominative (the apportionments)διαίρεσις: 'division / distribution / apportionment'; renders the act of parcelling out the land; the term summarises the whole allotment process of chs. 13–19.
ἃςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of κατεκληρονόμησεν)ὅς (fem. acc. pl. ἅς): relative pronoun, antecedent διαιρέσεις.
κατεκληρονόμησενapportionedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατακληρονομέωverb of relative clause (the act of distribution)→ constative aorist (summing the whole distribution)κατακληρονομέω: 'distribute as an inheritance / give possession by lot'; the intensive compound (κατα- + κληρονομέω) of the land-division; the singular verb takes a compound subject (Eleazar, Joshua, the tribal heads) as a unified agency.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarindeclinable proper noun (subject)Ελεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר (Eleazar); indeclinable; Aaron's son and successor as high priest (Num 20:25-28), who casts the sacred lot.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenoun in apposition to Eleazarἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the priestly office that administers the sacred lot before YHWH.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound subject)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject (second member of compound subject)Ἰησοῦς: see v. 49; here nominative; the civil-military leader of the distribution.
the (son)Nominativearticle (substantival patronymic: 'the [son] of Nun')ὁ τοῦ Ναυη: the article + genitive patronymic, 'the [son] of Nun', a standard Greek way of expressing filiation.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Ναυη)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαυηNunindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense: 'of Nun')Ναυη: see v. 49.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound subject)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulers / headsNominativesubject (third member of compound subject)ἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / head'; renders רֹאשׁ / נָשִׂיא; the clan-heads representing the tribes in the distribution.
τῶνof theGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατριῶνfathers' housesGenitivegenitive (the ancestral families they head)πατριά: 'paternal line / ancestral house / clan'; renders בֵּית אָבוֹת; the heads of the fathers' houses are the tribal representatives in the allotment.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (locative/distributive)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ταῖςtheDativearticleταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλαῖςtribesDativedative (with ἐν: 'among the tribes')φυλή (dat. pl.): see v. 8; the recipients of the apportioned inheritances.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive sense)Ισραηλ: see v. 49.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by lots')κατά + acc.: distributive, 'by lot'; the means of the apportionment.
κλήρουςlotsAccusativeaccusative (with κατά)κλῆρος (acc. pl.): see v. 1; the casting of lots as the divinely sanctioned method of distribution.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣηλωShilohindeclinable place-name (object of ἐν)Σηλω: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁלֹה (Shiloh); indeclinable; the central sanctuary where the tent of witness stood (Josh 18:1) and the lots were cast, Israel's cultic centre until the ark's capture (1 Sam 4).
ἐναντίονbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)ἐναντίον: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the lot is cast in YHWH's presence, making the distribution a sacral, not merely political, act.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive (object of ἐναντίον)κύριος (gen. κυρίου): the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here the divine name, in whose presence the entire land-division is enacted — the theological seal of the whole section.
παρὰatpreposition + accusative (position: 'at the doors')παρά + acc.: 'beside / at'; locating the act at the sanctuary entrance.
τὰςtheAccusativearticleτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorsAccusativeaccusative (with παρά)θύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the entrance of the tent of meeting, the place of legal and cultic transactions before YHWH.
τῆςof theGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (possessive: the tent's doors)σκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל / מִשְׁכָּן; the portable sanctuary that stood at Shiloh.
τοῦofGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining the tent: 'tent of witness')μαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; the phrase σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness') is the standard LXX rendering of אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד ('tent of meeting'), the LXX construing מוֹעֵד via עֵדוּת ('testimony'); the dwelling of the divine presence among Israel.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπορεύθησανthey wentAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (closing action)→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: see v. 48; the closing clause repeats v. 49, framing the section.
ἐμβατεῦσαιto take possession ofAor Act Inf · ἐμβατεύωinfinitive of purpose→ aorist infinitive (formal entry into inheritance)ἐμβατεύω: see v. 49; the closing repetition seals the whole land-division as the people's formal entry into possession of the promised land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἐμβατεῦσαιγῆ: see v. 49; the promised land, now wholly apportioned and entered.