Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Joshua, Chapter 2ΙΗΣΟΥΣ Β′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Rahab shelters the spies, confesses the Lord's gift of the land, and secures mercy for her house.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Joshua 2 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The LXX of Joshua frequently runs shorter than the Masoretic Text, and chapter 2 is a clear instance: the Old Greek lacks several phrases present in MT (notably the fuller dialogue of vv. 4–7, the elaborated oath of vv. 17–20, and details of the cord-instruction), reflecting either a shorter Hebrew Vorlage or the translator's compression. The chapter narrates Joshua's dispatch of two spies (δύο νεανίσκους) from Σαττιν (Shittim) to reconnoitre Jericho; they lodge with Rahab the prostitute (γυναικὸς πόρνης ᾗ ὄνομα Ρααβ, v. 1), whom the LXX names without euphemism. Rahab hides the men in the flax stalks (λινοκαλάμη, v. 6) heaped on the roof and misdirects the king's pursuers (vv. 4–7). The theological centre is Rahab's confession (vv. 9–11): ἐπίσταμαι ὅτι δέδωκεν ὑμῖν κύριος τὴν γῆν ('I know that the LORD has given you the land'), grounded in the report of the Red Sea (τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν) and the destruction of Sihon and Og, and culminating in the monotheistic creed κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν θεὸς ἐν οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω ('the LORD your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath', v. 11) — verbally close to Deut 4:39. She secures an oath of ἔλεος ('mercy') and ἀλήθεια ('faithfulness') for her father's house (vv. 12–14); the spies stipulate the scarlet cord (τὸ σπαρτίον τὸ κόκκινον, v. 18) tied in the window as the sign of deliverance, read typologically by the Fathers (Clement of Rome, 1 Clem. 12; Justin, Dial. 111) as a figure of the blood of Christ. Rahab is received without qualification in the NT: by faith (πίστει) she did not perish (Heb 11:31), she was justified by works (ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, Jas 2:25), and she stands in the Messiah's genealogy (Matt 1:5). κύριος throughout renders the Tetragrammaton.

1

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἰησοῦς υἱὸς Ναυη ἐκ Σαττιν δύο νεανίσκους κατασκοπεῦσαι λέγων ἀνάβητε καὶ ἴδετε τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν Ιεριχω καὶ πορευθέντες εἰσήλθοσαν οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι εἰς Ιεριχω καὶ εἰσήλθοσαν εἰς οἰκίαν γυναικὸς πόρνης ᾗ ὄνομα Ρααβ καὶ κατέλυσαν ἐκεῖ

And Joshua son of Nun sent two young men from Shittim to spy out, saying, 'Go up and see the land and Jericho.' And going, the two young men entered into Jericho and entered into the house of a prostitute woman whose name was Rahab, and they lodged there.

New narrative episode (main-line action)καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἰησοῦς
The chapter opens with the standard Hebraizing καί-parataxis and a fronted aorist of commissioning. After Moses' death and Joshua's commission (ch. 1), the reconnaissance of Jericho is the first concrete act of conquest. The OG is notably compact, naming Rahab the prostitute without euphemism (γυναικὸς πόρνης) and moving directly from the dispatch to the lodging.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (episode-opening action)→ constative aorist (single completed act of commissioning)ἀποστέλλω: 'send / commission'; renders שָׁלַח; the compound ἀπο- marks sending away on a mission with authority; the verb that opens the chapter recurs in v. 3 (the king sends to Rahab) and v. 21 (Rahab sends the spies off), giving the chapter a structure of countervailing 'sendings.'
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: the LXX rendering of Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ ('YHWH saves'); declined as a contracted second-declension noun (gen./dat. Ἰησοῦ, acc. Ἰησοῦν); the same Greek name borne by Jesus, a typological link exploited by the Fathers (cf. Heb 4:8).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ἰησοῦςυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic formula υἱὸς Ναυη ('son of Nun') is Joshua's standard epithet throughout the book and the Pentateuch (cf. Exod 33:11; Num 11:28).
Ναυηof Nungenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)Ναυη: the LXX transliteration of Hebrew נוּן (Nun); indeclinable; the Greek form Ναυη reflects the consonantal reading and is fixed in all cases.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source / point of departure)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣαττινShittimgenitive object of ἐκ (indeclinable place-name)Σαττιν: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁטִּים (Shittim, 'the acacias'), Israel's camp in the plains of Moab east of the Jordan (cf. Num 25:1; Josh 3:1); indeclinable in the LXX.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying νεανίσκους)δύο: 'two'; the indeclinable numeral; two witnesses satisfy the legal requirement for valid testimony (Deut 19:15) and parallel the two spies/messengers motif throughout Scripture.
νεανίσκουςyoung menAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεννεανίσκος: 'young man / youth'; renders Hebrew נַעַר/אֲנָשִׁים here; the LXX's νεανίσκους (against MT's אֲנָשִׁים, 'men') stresses their youth and vigour as scouts; cf. v. 23 where they are again οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι.
κατασκοπεῦσαιto spy outAor Act Inf · κατασκοπεύωinfinitive of purpose (the mission's aim)→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the sending)κατασκοπεύω: 'spy out / reconnoitre'; renders רִגֵּל / חָקַר; the compound κατα- intensifies the sense of thorough investigation; the cognate verb recurs (vv. 2, 3) as the king's accusation, and the noun-idea echoes the earlier failed spy mission of Num 13.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of attendant circumstance (introducing direct speech)→ imperfective participle (speech accompanying the sending)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων is a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר, the standard quotation-marker introducing direct discourse; functionally equivalent to a colon.
ἀνάβητεgo upAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀναβαίνωmain verb of direct command (Joshua to the spies)→ ingressive aorist imperative (set out and go up)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; renders עָלָה; 'go up' reflects the ascent from the Jordan valley to Jericho and the hill country; the aorist imperative frames the command as a single decisive undertaking.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking imperatives)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἴδετεseeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb of direct command (coordinate with ἀνάβητε)→ ingressive aorist imperative (observe, reconnoitre)ὁράω (aor. ἴδετε, suppletive stem from εἶδον): 'see / inspect'; here in the sense of military reconnaissance — observe the disposition and defences of the land and city.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἴδετεγῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; the land is the object both of reconnaissance here and of the divine gift in Rahab's confession (v. 9) and the spies' report (v. 24), binding the chapter together.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with indeclinable place-name)The article τήν agrees with the feminine sense of the city-name and marks Ιεριχω as the specific objective alongside the land.
ΙεριχωJerichoaccusative object of ἴδετε (indeclinable place-name)Ιεριχω: transliteration of Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (Jericho); indeclinable in the LXX, with case marked by the accompanying article (here τήν); the first fortified city of the conquest.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πορευθέντεςhaving goneAor Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · πορεύομαιcircumstantial participle (antecedent action to εἰσήλθοσαν)→ antecedent aorist participle (having set out)πορεύομαι (aor. pass. dep.): 'go / journey / travel'; the deponent aorist passive participle describes the spies' departure; circumstantial and temporally antecedent to the main verb.
εἰσήλθοσανthey enteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (the spies' arrival in Jericho)→ constative aorist (completed entry)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; the Alexandrian/Hellenistic third-plural ending -οσαν (for classical -ον) is characteristic of LXX Joshua (cf. v. 7, ἐξήλθοσαν; v. 22, ἤλθοσαν); the form is a hallmark of the translation's koine register.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (modifying νεανίσκοι)δύο: indeclinable numeral; the repetition οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι resumes the subject from the dispatch, keeping the pair in view as the narrative's protagonists.
νεανίσκοιyoung menNominativesubject of εἰσήλθοσαννεανίσκος: 'young man'; resumptive subject; the LXX consistently designates the scouts as νεανίσκοι (cf. v. 23).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction / entry)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙεριχωJerichoaccusative object of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)Ιεριχω: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἰσήλθοσανthey enteredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (entry into Rahab's house)→ constative aorist (completed entry)εἰσέρχομαι (again with -οσαν): the repetition of εἰσήλθοσαν (into the city, then into the house) narrows the focus from the city to the single house that will become the locus of deliverance.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction / entry)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςοἰκία: 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; Rahab's house, built into the city wall (v. 15), becomes the single point of safety in the doomed city — a household spared, anticipating her family's deliverance (vv. 13, 18).
γυναικὸςof a womanGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἰκίαν)γυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; the genitive specifies the householder; the LXX states her trade plainly (πόρνης) without softening.
πόρνηςprostituteGenitivegenitive in apposition to γυναικόςπόρνη: 'prostitute / harlot'; renders זוֹנָה; the LXX (like MT) names Rahab's profession without euphemism; the NT preserves the epithet — Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη at Heb 11:31 and Jas 2:25 — making her faith and justification all the more striking against her status.
whoseDativedative of possession in relative clause ('to whom was the name')ὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the dative ᾗ ὄνομα ('to whom [was] the name') is an idiomatic naming construction (dative of possession), rendering Hebrew וּשְׁמָהּ; equivalent to 'whose name was.'
ὄνομαnameNominativenominative subject of the verbless naming clauseὄνομα: 'name'; in the naming idiom ᾗ ὄνομα Ρααβ the noun stands as the (verbless) subject, with the name following in apposition.
ΡααβRahabpredicate name in apposition (indeclinable proper noun)Ρααβ: transliteration of Hebrew רָחָב (Rahab, 'broad / wide'); indeclinable; the Greek spelling Ῥαάβ recurs in the NT at Heb 11:31 and Jas 2:25 (a distinct form, Ῥαχάβ, appears in the Matthean genealogy, Matt 1:5).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατέλυσανthey lodgedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταλύωmain verb (the spies take lodging)→ constative aorist (completed act of putting up for the night)καταλύω: lit. 'unloose / unyoke'; intransitively 'lodge / put up / find quarters' (the traveller unharnesses his animals); renders Hebrew שָׁכַב/לוּן here; the term establishes the spies as guests under Rahab's roof, activating the ancient obligations of hospitality.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there'; the deictic adverb fixes the location at Rahab's house, the narrative's pivot.
2

καὶ ἀπηγγέλη τῷ βασιλεῖ Ιεριχω λέγοντες εἰσπεπόρευνται ὧδε ἄνδρες τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ κατασκοπεῦσαι τὴν γῆν

And it was reported to the king of Jericho, saying, 'Men of the sons of Israel have come in here to spy out the land.'

Counter-action (the city's intelligence responds)καὶ ἀπηγγέλη
The impersonal passive ἀπηγγέλη ('it was reported') introduces the antagonist's perspective; the masculine plural participle λέγοντες, agreeing with no expressed subject, is a loose Hebraism (the unnamed informers). The report frames the spies precisely as the king will charge in v. 3: they have come to spy out the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπηγγέληit was reportedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb (impersonal passive)→ constative aorist passive (a single completed act of reporting)ἀπαγγέλλω: 'report / announce / bring word'; renders Hebrew נָגַד (Hophal, 'it was told'); the impersonal passive leaves the informants unnamed, focusing on the fact of disclosure; the second aorist passive ἀπηγγέλη (-η formation) is regular for this verb.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative indirect object (recipient of the report)βασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; each Canaanite city had its own king (cf. Josh 12:9–24); the king of Jericho represents the political power Israel must overcome — yet he is helpless before what Rahab already perceives.
Ιεριχωof Jerichogenitive of relationship (indeclinable place-name, with βασιλεῖ)Ιεριχω: indeclinable; here functioning as a genitive ('king of Jericho'), case unmarked on the noun itself.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · λέγωparticiple introducing direct speech (anacoluthic, agreeing with implied informants)→ imperfective participle (Hebraistic quotation-marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp. nom. pl.): the masculine plural λέγοντες lacks a grammatical antecedent (the passive ἀπηγγέλη has no expressed agent); this is a constructio ad sensum / Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר, where the plural points to the unnamed reporters.
εἰσπεπόρευνταιhave come inPerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιmain verb of the reported speech→ resultative perfect (they have come in and are now present)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / come in'; the perfect stresses the continuing presence of the intruders within the city — they are here now (note ὧδε); the same root underlies the king's participle εἰσπεπορευμένους in v. 3.
ὧδεhereadverb of placeὧδε: 'here / to this place'; the deictic adverb conveys the alarm of the report — the enemy is inside the walls.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of εἰσπεπόρευνταιἀνήρ: 'man'; the report calls them ἄνδρες ('men'), whereas the narrator called them νεανίσκοι ('young men', v. 1); the shift may reflect the informants' perception of a military threat.
τῶνtheGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivepartitive/relational genitive (modifying ἄνδρες)υἱός (gen. pl.): the phrase τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ('of the sons of Israel') renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard designation of the covenant people; the men are identified by their hostile national affiliation.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱῶν)Ισραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; here in genitival relation within the formula 'sons of Israel.'
κατασκοπεῦσαιto spy outAor Act Inf · κατασκοπεύωinfinitive of purpose (the informants' charge)→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose imputed to the men)κατασκοπεύω: 'spy out'; the same verb used of the mission in v. 1 is now turned into an accusation; the informants correctly discern the spies' purpose, heightening the danger Rahab will avert.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατασκοπεῦσαιγῆ: 'land'; the object of the spying echoes Joshua's command (v. 1) verbatim — the informants report exactly what the spies were sent to do.
3

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ιεριχω καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Ρααβ λέγων ἐξάγαγε τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς εἰσπεπορευμένους εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν σου τὴν νύκτα κατασκοπεῦσαι γὰρ τὴν γῆν ἥκασιν

And the king of Jericho sent and said to Rahab, saying, 'Bring out the men who have come into your house this night, for they have come to spy out the land.'

Escalation (royal demand answering the report of v. 2)καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς
The king's ἀπέστειλεν deliberately echoes Joshua's ἀπέστειλεν in v. 1 — sending against sending. The peremptory aorist imperative ἐξάγαγε ('bring out') demands surrender; the postpositive γάρ supplies the king's grounds, repeating verbatim the charge of v. 2 (κατασκοπεῦσαι τὴν γῆν). The confrontation sets up Rahab's decisive act of misdirection.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (royal dispatch of messengers)→ constative aorist (single completed act)ἀποστέλλω: 'send'; the king's sending mirrors Joshua's (v. 1) — two sovereigns, two missions; the messengers are implied (the king sends [men] to Rahab).
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἀπέστειλενβασιλεύς: 'king'; the king of Jericho acts decisively but is outmaneuvered by a prostitute, an irony the narrative savours.
Ιεριχωof Jerichogenitive of relationship (indeclinable, with βασιλεύς)Ιεριχω: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction, coordinate with ἀπέστειλεν)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the message is conveyed as the king's own words, though sent through messengers; the directness heightens the threat to Rahab.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΡααβRahabaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)Ρααβ: indeclinable; Rahab is now directly addressed by royal authority — the danger to her and her guests is acute.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple introducing direct speech (Hebraistic)→ imperfective participle (quotation-marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): Hebraism for לֵאמֹר; redundant with εἶπεν but standard LXX usage introducing the verbatim demand.
ἐξάγαγεbring outAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐξάγωmain verb of direct command (the king's demand)→ ingressive aorist imperative (peremptory demand for surrender)ἐξάγω: 'lead out / bring out'; renders יָצָא (Hiphil); the compound ἐξ- demands the surrender of the men from within the house; the imperative is curt and authoritative.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticleτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἐξάγαγεἀνήρ: 'man'; the king demands 'the men' — the definite article assumes shared knowledge of who they are.
τοὺςthe (who)Accusativearticle governing the attributive participle (articular participle = relative clause)The repeated article τούς converts the participle into an attributive ('the men, the ones having entered'), equivalent to a relative clause.
εἰσπεπορευμένουςwho have enteredPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Masc · εἰσπορεύομαιattributive participle (modifying ἄνδρας)→ resultative perfect participle (having entered and being present)εἰσπορεύομαι (perf. ptcp.): 'having entered'; the perfect stresses their continuing presence inside; the same root as the report's εἰσπεπόρευνται (v. 2), tying the king's words to the intelligence he received.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςοἰκία: 'house'; the king knows the men entered Rahab's house — yet she will deny they remained, turning his certainty against him.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἰκίαν)σύ (gen. σου): 'your'; the possessive pinpoints Rahab's responsibility — the men are in her house, so she must produce them.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with adverbial accusative of time)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νύκταnightAccusativeadverbial accusative of time ('this night / by night')νύξ: 'night'; the accusative of time τὴν νύκτα indicates 'during the night' — the men came under cover of darkness, and the pursuit too will unfold by night (cf. v. 5, ἐν τῷ σκότει).
κατασκοπεῦσαιto spy outAor Act Inf · κατασκοπεύωinfinitive of purpose (the king's stated grounds)→ telic aorist infinitive (alleged purpose)κατασκοπεύω: 'spy out'; the king repeats the charge of v. 2 verbatim; the γάρ-clause gives his justification for demanding their surrender.
γὰρforpostpositive causal conjunction (grounds for the demand)γάρ: 'for'; postpositive; introduces the king's reasoning — the men are dangerous because they have come to reconnoitre the land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατασκοπεῦσαιγῆ: 'land'; the object of the alleged spying, repeating the formula of vv. 1–2.
ἥκασινthey have comePerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωmain verb of the γάρ-clause→ stative perfect (they have arrived and are present)ἥκω: 'have come / be present'; though present in form, ἥκω carries perfective ('have arrived') force lexically; the Hellenistic third-plural ἥκασιν (for classical ἥκουσιν) treats it on the perfect pattern; it underscores that the spies are still here to be seized.
4

καὶ λαβοῦσα ἡ γυνὴ τοὺς ἄνδρας ἔκρυψεν αὐτοὺς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς λέγουσα εἰσεληλύθασιν πρός με οἱ ἄνδρες

And the woman, having taken the men, hid them, and said to them, saying, 'The men did come in to me,

Decisive counter-move (Rahab acts and dissembles)καὶ λαβοῦσα ἡ γυνὴ
Rahab's action precedes her speech: the aorist participle λαβοῦσα and the main verb ἔκρυψεν report that she has already hidden the men before answering the king's messengers. Her reply (εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, addressed to the pursuers) opens with a true statement — the men did come — but withholds the decisive fact that they remain hidden, the first move of her misdirection completed in v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
λαβοῦσαhaving takenAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · λαμβάνωcircumstantial participle (antecedent action to ἔκρυψεν)→ antecedent aorist participle (having taken)λαμβάνω (aor. ptcp.): 'take / receive'; the feminine λαβοῦσα agrees with ἡ γυνή; the participle reports Rahab's prior action — she had taken charge of the men and concealed them before the messengers arrived.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject of ἔκρυψενγυνή: 'woman'; Rahab is referred to as ἡ γυνή ('the woman') through the hiding scene, foregrounding her agency in protecting the spies.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticleτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of λαβοῦσαἀνήρ: 'man'; the object of Rahab's protective action.
ἔκρυψενhidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρύπτωmain verb (Rahab's act of concealment)→ constative aorist (completed act of hiding)κρύπτω: 'hide / conceal'; renders צָפַן / טָמַן; the verb anticipates the specifics of v. 6 (she hid them in the flax on the roof); concealment of the men is the hinge of the deliverance narrative and the act Heb 11:31 implicitly commends as faith.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔκρυψεν (resuming τοὺς ἄνδρας)αὐτός: 'him / them'; the resumptive pronoun after the participial object is a Hebraizing redundancy (the men ... she hid them).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Rahab's reply to the messengers)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces Rahab's reply to the king's men; the implied addressees (αὐτοῖς) are the pursuers.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object (the king's messengers)αὐτός (dat. pl.): 'to them'; the recipients are the royal search party, not the spies.
λέγουσαsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · λέγωparticiple introducing direct speech (Hebraistic)→ imperfective participle (quotation-marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp. fem.): Hebraism for לֵאמֹר; the feminine λέγουσα agrees with Rahab; standard LXX redundancy with εἶπεν.
εἰσεληλύθασινhave come inPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb of Rahab's reported speech→ resultative perfect (admitting the men did come)εἰσέρχομαι (perf.): 'have come in'; Rahab concedes the true fact that the men entered — a half-truth that lends her subsequent misdirection (v. 5) credibility; the perfect acknowledges their arrival while she will deny their continued presence.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward a person)πρός: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςἐγώ (acc. με): 'me'; Rahab speaks in the first person, owning that the men came to her — the admission a hostess could not credibly deny.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of εἰσεληλύθασινἀνήρ: 'man'; the men whose arrival Rahab admits but whose departure she will falsely report in v. 5.
5

ὡς δὲ ἡ πύλη ἐκλείετο ἐν τῷ σκότει καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες ἐξῆλθον οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι ποῦ πεπόρευνται καταδιώξατε ὀπίσω αὐτῶν εἰ καταλήμψεσθε αὐτούς

but as the gate was being shut, in the darkness, the men also went out; I do not know where they have gone. Pursue after them, if you may overtake them.'

Continuation of Rahab's deception (the misdirection proper)ὡς δὲ ἡ πύλη ἐκλείετο
Rahab completes her ruse with a circumstantial ὡς-clause timing the men's supposed departure to the closing of the gate at dusk; the imperfect ἐκλείετο pictures the gate in the process of shutting. She professes ignorance (οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι) — ironically the same verb (ἐπίσταμαι) with which she will confess true knowledge of YHWH in v. 9 — and urges immediate pursuit, sending the search party away from the rooftop where the men actually lie.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὡςas / whentemporal conjunction (introducing circumstantial clause)ὡς: 'as / when'; temporal here, dating the alleged exit of the men to the moment of the gate's closing — a plausible detail that lends Rahab's lie verisimilitude.
δὲbutpostpositive adversativeδέ: 'but'; contrasts the men's supposed departure with her admission that they had come in (v. 4).
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληgateNominativesubject of ἐκλείετοπύλη: 'gate'; renders שַׁעַר; the city gate, shut at nightfall, is the controlling image of the escape: once closed, the men could not have left — Rahab claims they slipped out just before — and the gate's closing (v. 7) traps the pursuers outside while the spies remain within.
ἐκλείετοwas being shutImpf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Sg · κλείωverb of the temporal clause (progressive background)→ imperfect of process (the gate in the act of closing)κλείω: 'shut / close'; the imperfect ἐκλείετο depicts the gate in the process of being closed at dusk — the precise, ongoing moment Rahab exploits; contrast the punctiliar aorist passive ἐκλείσθη in v. 7 (the gate was shut).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative / temporal circumstance)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκότειdarknessDativedative of time/circumstance (with ἐν)σκότος: 'darkness'; renders חֹשֶׁךְ; the cover of darkness makes the men's supposed exit untraceable, supporting Rahab's claim not to know where they went.
καὶalsoconjunction (apodotic / connective)καί: here links the main clause to the temporal ὡς-clause ('as the gate was shutting, the men also went out'); a Hebraizing apodotic καί is common in LXX narrative.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of ἐξῆλθονἀνήρ: 'man'; the men whose departure Rahab fabricates.
ἐξῆλθονwent outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb of Rahab's claim (the alleged departure)→ constative aorist (a single — fictitious — departure)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / depart'; here the classical third-plural ἐξῆλθον (contrast the -οσαν form ἐξήλθοσαν in v. 7); the men's exit is Rahab's invention — the dramatic irony is that they have not left at all.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐπίσταμαι)οὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσταμαιI knowPres Mid/Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἐπίσταμαιmain verb (Rahab's professed ignorance)→ stative present (claimed state of not-knowing)ἐπίσταμαι: 'know / understand / be acquainted with'; deponent; Rahab's οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι ('I do not know') is pointedly ironic — the same verb opens her confession in v. 9 (ἐπίσταμαι ὅτι δέδωκεν ὑμῖν κύριος τὴν γῆν), where she claims true and saving knowledge; here she feigns ignorance to the king's men.
ποῦwhereinterrogative adverb (introducing indirect question)ποῦ: 'where'; introduces the indirect question governed by ἐπίσταμαι ('I do not know where ...').
πεπόρευνταιthey have gonePerf Mid/Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιverb of indirect question→ resultative perfect (they have departed and are now gone)πορεύομαι (perf.): 'have gone / journeyed'; the perfect represents the men as already departed and untraceable — the lynchpin of the deception.
καταδιώξατεpursueAor Act Impv 2 Pl · καταδιώκωmain verb of command (Rahab urges the chase)→ ingressive aorist imperative (set off in pursuit)καταδιώκω: 'pursue / chase after'; the intensive compound κατα- implies hot pursuit; Rahab directs the energy of the search party away from her house — the verb recurs in vv. 7 (κατεδίωξαν) and 16, 22 (the participial οἱ καταδιώκοντες).
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive (direction of pursuit)ὀπίσω: 'after / behind'; takes the genitive; the idiom καταδιώκω ὀπίσω τινός ('pursue after someone') renders the Hebrew רָדַף אַחֲרֵי.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive with ὀπίσωαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'them'; the supposed fugitives.
εἰifconjunction (introducing clause of contingency / object of hope)εἰ: 'if / whether'; here εἰ + future expresses the hope/contingency 'in case you may overtake them' — a Hebraizing use marking the prospect of catching up.
καταλήμψεσθεyou will overtakeFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · καταλαμβάνωverb of the εἰ-clause (prospective)→ predictive/prospective future (possibility of overtaking)καταλαμβάνω: 'seize / overtake / catch'; the future middle καταλήμψεσθε (Hellenistic spelling with intrusive -μ-) anticipates the hoped-for capture; the verb conveys the urgency Rahab feigns on the pursuers' behalf.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of καταλήμψεσθεαὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; object of the hoped-for capture.
6

αὐτὴ δὲ ἀνεβίβασεν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα καὶ ἔκρυψεν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ λινοκαλάμῃ τῇ ἐστοιβασμένῃ αὐτῇ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος

But she had brought them up onto the roof and hidden them in the flax stalks that had been heaped up by her on the roof.

Narratorial flashback / clarification (what Rahab had actually done)αὐτὴ δὲ ἀνεβίβασεν
The emphatic pronoun αὐτή ('she herself') and δέ mark a narratorial aside disclosing the truth behind Rahab's lie: she had taken the men up to the flat roof and buried them in the flax. The perfect participle ἐστοιβασμένῃ shows the flax already lying heaped in stacks to dry — a realistic domestic detail (Jericho lay in a flax-growing region) and the concrete content of the ἔκρυψεν of v. 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
αὐτὴshe herselfNominativeemphatic subject pronounαὐτός (nom. fem.): 'she (herself)'; the fronted, emphatic αὐτή contrasts Rahab's true action with her false words to the pursuers — 'she, for her part, had brought them up.'
δὲbutpostpositive adversative (marking the narrator's correction)δέ: 'but'; sets the reality (the men hidden on the roof) against Rahab's claim that they had left.
ἀνεβίβασενbrought upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβιβάζωmain verb (Rahab's prior act of leading the men up)→ constative aorist (completed act, logically prior to v. 4–5)ἀναβιβάζω: 'bring up / cause to go up'; causative of ἀναβαίνω; renders עָלָה (Hiphil); Rahab leads the men up to the flat roof — the customary refuge and storage space of an ancient Near Eastern house.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀνεβίβασεναὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the spies.
ἐπὶontopreposition + accusative (direction onto)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶμαroofAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπίδῶμα: 'roof / housetop'; renders גָּג; the flat roof of a Near Eastern house, used for sleeping, drying produce, and storage; the hiding place of the spies and the spot to which Rahab ascends in v. 8.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔκρυψενhidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρύπτωmain verb (the concealment, coordinate with ἀνεβίβασεν)→ constative aorist (completed act of hiding)κρύπτω: 'hide / conceal'; the verb resumes the summary ἔκρυψεν of v. 4 and now specifies the means — among the stacked flax; the deliberate concealment is the act later commended as faith (Heb 11:31; cf. Jas 2:25, where receiving and sending out the messengers is her justifying work).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔκρυψεναὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the spies.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: place of concealment)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticleτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λινοκαλάμῃflax stalksDativedative of place (with ἐν: in the flax)λινοκαλάμη: lit. 'flax-stalk / stalks of flax' (λίνον 'flax' + καλάμη 'stalk/stubble'); renders Hebrew פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ ('stalks of flax'); flax was laid out on rooftops to dry, providing ready concealment; the detail fixes the season (early spring, the flax harvest) and the locale (the Jericho plain, known for flax).
τῇthe (which)Dativearticle governing the attributive participle (= relative clause)The repeated article τῇ turns the following participle into an attributive ('the flax, the [stalks] heaped up'), functioning as a relative clause.
ἐστοιβασμένῃheaped upPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Dat Sg Fem · στοιβάζωattributive participle (modifying λινοκαλάμῃ)→ resultative perfect participle (lying heaped, the state resulting from prior stacking)στοιβάζω: 'pile up / stack / heap in layers'; the perfect passive participle describes the flax as already arranged in drying-stacks; the rare verb (from στοιβή, 'a packing/stuffing') gives a vivid, technical touch — the men are buried under bundled flax.
αὐτῇby herDativedative of agent (with the perfect passive participle)αὐτός (dat. fem.): 'by her'; dative of agent with the perfect passive ἐστοιβασμένῃ — the flax that Rahab herself had stacked; alternatively a dative of advantage ('heaped up for her').
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (position: upon the roof)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δώματοςroofGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (position)δῶμα (gen. δώματος): 'roof'; the repetition (ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα ... ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος) underscores that both the bringing-up and the hiding occur on the rooftop, the secure and elevated place of concealment.
7

καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες κατεδίωξαν ὀπίσω αὐτῶν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου ἐπὶ τὰς διαβάσεις καὶ ἡ πύλη ἐκλείσθη καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐξήλθοσαν οἱ διώκοντες ὀπίσω αὐτῶν

And the men pursued after them on the road that leads to the Jordan, to the fords; and the gate was shut. And it happened, as soon as those pursuing after them had gone out,

Consequence of the deception (the pursuit goes the wrong way)καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες κατεδίωξαν
Rahab's misdirection succeeds: the king's men chase toward the Jordan fords, and the gate is shut (punctiliar aorist ἐκλείσθη, completing the imperfect ἐκλείετο of v. 5), sealing the pursuers outside and the spies safely within. The closing καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ... is a Hebraizing narrative formula (וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר) left grammatically open, its apodosis effectively resumed in v. 8.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of κατεδίωξανἀνήρ: 'man'; the king's search party, sent off on the false trail.
κατεδίωξανpursuedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταδιώκωmain verb (the pursuit)→ constative aorist (completed act of pursuit)καταδιώκω: 'pursue / chase after'; takes up Rahab's imperative καταδιώξατε (v. 5) — the pursuers do exactly as she directed, away from the spies; the intensive κατα- marks earnest pursuit.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitive (direction)ὀπίσω: 'after'; with genitive; the Hebraistic idiom 'pursue after them.'
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive with ὀπίσωαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'them'; the supposed fugitives.
ὁδὸνroad / wayAccusativeaccusative of extent/route ('along the road')ὁδός: 'road / way / journey'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; the accusative of route specifies the direction of the chase — the road leading down to the Jordan crossings.
τὴνthe (which leads)Accusativearticle governing the prepositional phrase (attributive: 'the [road] to the Jordan')The article τήν makes the following ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου attributive to ὁδόν ('the road, the one toward the Jordan').
ἐπὶto / towardpreposition + genitive (direction toward)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of ἐπίΙορδάνης: the Jordan River, rendering Hebrew הַיַּרְדֵּן; declined as a first-declension masculine in the LXX (gen. Ιορδάνου); the fords are the natural escape-route eastward back to Israel's camp at Shittim — hence a plausible direction for the fugitives.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal of the road)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὰςtheAccusativearticleτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβάσειςfords / crossingsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (goal)διάβασις: 'crossing / ford / place of passage'; from διαβαίνω ('cross over'); renders מַעְבְּרוֹת; the Jordan fords, where one would intercept fugitives fleeing eastward; the same verb-root recurs at v. 23 (διέβησαν) when the spies themselves cross back.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληgateNominativesubject of ἐκλείσθηπύλη: 'gate'; the city gate is now definitively shut behind the pursuers, locking them out for the night and securing the spies inside.
ἐκλείσθηwas shutAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κλείωmain verb (the gate's closing completed)→ constative aorist passive (the gate definitively shut)κλείω (aor. pass.): 'was shut'; the punctiliar aorist ἐκλείσθη completes the action the imperfect ἐκλείετο (v. 5) had presented as in progress; the closed gate is the providential seal on Rahab's stratagem.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing ἐγένετο formula)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγένετοit happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (impersonal narrative formula)→ constative aorist (event-marking formula)γίνομαι: 'become / happen'; the formula καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ... renders the Hebrew narrative וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר ('and it came to pass, when ...'); it sets a temporal frame whose main clause is effectively resumed in v. 8.
ὡςas soon astemporal conjunction (with ἐγένετο)ὡς: 'when / as soon as'; the temporal marker completing the ἐγένετο-formula.
ἐξήλθοσανhad gone outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιverb of the temporal clause→ constative aorist (completed departure of the pursuers)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out'; here the Alexandrian -οσαν ending (ἐξήλθοσαν, contrast ἐξῆλθον in v. 5); marks the pursuers' exit from the city — the moment of safety for the hidden spies.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διώκοντεςthe pursuersPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · διώκωsubstantival participle (subject of ἐξήλθοσαν)→ imperfective participle (those engaged in pursuing)διώκω: 'pursue'; the articular present participle οἱ διώκοντες ('the pursuers') substantivizes the search party; the simplex here, against the compound καταδιώκω used of the action (vv. 5, 7), with no difference in sense.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitiveὀπίσω: 'after'; with genitive; the Hebraistic pursuit-idiom, here closing the verse.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive with ὀπίσωαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'them'; the supposed fugitives whom the pursuers chase out of the city.
8

καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ πρὶν ἢ κοιμηθῆναι αὐτούς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα πρὸς αὐτοὺς

and as for them, before they lay down to sleep, she went up to them on the roof,

Scene transition (Rahab joins the spies before they sleep)καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ ... καὶ αὐτὴ ἀνέβη
The verse is syntactically rough — the emphatic καὶ αὐτοὶ δέ ('and as for them') sets up the spies as topic, the temporal πρὶν ἢ κοιμηθῆναι αὐτούς ('before they slept') frames the timing, and the resumptive καὶ αὐτή ('and she') supplies the actual subject of ἀνέβη. The ascent to the roof sets the stage for Rahab's great confession (vv. 9–11).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αὐτοὶtheyNominativeemphatic topic pronoun ('as for them')αὐτός (nom. masc. pl.): 'they (themselves)'; the emphatic pronoun fronts the spies as the topic, picked up in the temporal clause αὐτούς; the construction καὶ αὐτοὶ δέ is loosely attached, a Hebraizing topicalization.
δὲnowpostpositive continuative (with καί)δέ: here in the combination καὶ ... δέ ('and ... too / now'), marking a shift of focus back to the spies and Rahab after the pursuers' exit.
πρὶνbeforetemporal conjunction (with ἢ + infinitive)πρίν: 'before'; the construction πρὶν ἤ + accusative-and-infinitive ('before they slept') is the regular way of expressing 'before' with an infinitive clause.
thanparticle reinforcing πρίν (πρὶν ἤ idiom)ἤ: 'than'; in πρὶν ἤ the comparative particle reinforces the temporal conjunction, a common Koine and LXX idiom.
κοιμηθῆναιto lie down / sleepAor Pass Inf · κοιμάωinfinitive in the πρίν-clause (with accusative subject αὐτούς)→ ingressive aorist infinitive (to lie down / fall asleep)κοιμάω (aor. pass. dep.): 'lie down / go to sleep'; renders שָׁכַב; the aorist marks the entry into sleep — Rahab comes up while the men are still awake, before they retire for the night.
αὐτούςthey / themAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive κοιμηθῆναιαὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the accusative-with-infinitive subject — 'before they slept.'
καὶapodotic καί (resuming the main clause after the temporal frame)καί: the apodotic καί, a Hebraism, introduces the main clause after the fronted topic and temporal clause; best left untranslated in idiomatic English.
αὐτὴsheNominativesubject of ἀνέβη (resumptive emphatic pronoun)αὐτός (nom. fem.): 'she (herself)'; the resumptive αὐτή supplies the real subject of the main verb — Rahab, who comes up to the men on the roof.
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (Rahab's ascent to the roof)→ constative aorist (completed ascent)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; the root-pair with ἀνεβίβασεν (v. 6, she brought them up) and ἀνάβητε (v. 1, Joshua's command 'go up'); Rahab now ascends to the very place where she hid the men, to speak with them.
ἐπὶontopreposition + accusative (direction onto)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶμαroofAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπίδῶμα: 'roof'; the rooftop where the spies are hidden becomes the setting for the chapter's theological centre, Rahab's confession (vv. 9–11).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward persons)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςαὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the spies, to whom Rahab goes up to make her confession and strike her covenant.
9

καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς ἐπίσταμαι ὅτι δέδωκεν ὑμῖν κύριος τὴν γῆν ἐπιπέπτωκεν γὰρ ὁ φόβος ὑμῶν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς

and she said to them, 'I know that the LORD has given you the land, for the fear of you has fallen upon us;

Theological centre: Rahab's confession (direct speech, foregrounded)καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς
Rahab's confession opens with ἐπίσταμαι ὅτι ('I know that') — the very verb she used to feign ignorance before the king's men (v. 5) now introduces true, saving knowledge. The perfect δέδωκεν presents the gift of the land as an accomplished divine fact even before the conquest; the γάρ-clause grounds her knowledge in the dread (ὁ φόβος ὑμῶν) that has fallen on the land's inhabitants. This is the faith Heb 11:31 commends and the confession Jas 2:25 implies.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing Rahab's confession)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the chapter's theological heart — Rahab's address to the spies on the roof.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςαὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the spies.
ἐπίσταμαιI knowPres Mid/Pass Indic 1 Sg · ἐπίσταμαιmain verb of the confession (governing the ὅτι-clause)→ stative present (firm, settled knowledge)ἐπίσταμαι: 'know / understand / be certain of'; pointedly the same verb Rahab used in v. 5 to feign ignorance (οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι); now it carries her true conviction — the Gentile prostitute knows what the inhabitants of Canaan refuse to acknowledge, that YHWH has given Israel the land.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the content clause of ἐπίσταμαι)ὅτι: 'that'; introduces the object of Rahab's knowledge.
δέδωκενhas givenPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of the ὅτι-clause (content of the confession)→ resultative perfect (an accomplished and abiding gift)δίδωμι (perf.): 'give'; renders נָתַן; the perfect δέδωκεν presents the conquest as already decided in the divine purpose — the land is given before a single battle; the same verb recurs in the spies' report (παρέδωκεν, v. 24), framing the chapter around the gift of the land.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object (the recipients of the gift)σύ (dat. pl.): 'to you'; Israel, to whom the land is given; Rahab speaks to the two spies as representatives of the whole nation.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of δέδωκενκύριος: the LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; a Canaanite prostitute names YHWH by his covenant name as the giver of the land — a striking confession from outside Israel.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of δέδωκενγῆ: 'land'; the promised land, object of the spying (vv. 1–3) and now of the divine gift; Rahab confesses what Israel's own spies once doubted (Num 13–14).
ἐπιπέπτωκενhas fallen uponPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιπίπτωmain verb of the γάρ-clause (grounds for her knowledge)→ resultative perfect (terror has fallen and now grips the land)ἐπιπίπτω: 'fall upon / come over'; the compound ἐπι- + perfect depicts dread as having descended upon the Canaanites and now resting on them; echoes the song of Exod 15:16 (ἐπιπέσοι ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς τρόμος καὶ φόβος), connecting Rahab's testimony to the Red Sea deliverance she will recount in v. 10.
γὰρforpostpositive causal conjunction (grounds for ἐπίσταμαι)γάρ: 'for'; introduces the evidence on which Rahab's knowledge rests — the terror that has gripped the land.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόβοςfear / dreadNominativesubject of ἐπιπέπτωκενφόβος: 'fear / terror / dread'; renders אֵימָה / פַּחַד; ὁ φόβος ὑμῶν is an objective genitive ('the fear of you' = the terror that you inspire); the dread of Israel fulfils the covenant promise that YHWH would send his terror ahead of the people (Exod 23:27; Deut 2:25; 11:25).
ὑμῶνof youGenitiveobjective genitive (with φόβος: 'dread of you')σύ (gen. pl.): 'of you'; objective genitive — the fear that Israel inspires in the inhabitants.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided before rough breathing)ἐπί (elided ἐφ᾿ before the aspirated ἡμᾶς): 'upon'; marks the object on which the dread has fallen.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativeaccusative object of ἐφ᾿ἐγώ (acc. pl. ἡμᾶς): 'us'; Rahab identifies herself with the terrified Canaanites ('upon us'), even as she breaks ranks with them by confessing YHWH.
10

ἀκηκόαμεν γὰρ ὅτι κατεξήρανεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν ὅτε ἐξεπορεύεσθε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν τοῖς δυσὶ βασιλεῦσιν τῶν Αμορραίων οἳ ἦσαν πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου τῷ Σηων καὶ Ωγ οὓς ἐξωλεθρεύσατε αὐτούς

for we have heard that the LORD God dried up the Red Sea before you when you came out of the land of Egypt, and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon and Og, whom you utterly destroyed.

Evidentiary ground (the reports that produced the dread)ἀκηκόαμεν γὰρ
A second γάρ-clause supplies the historical basis of the terror: the report of the Red Sea (the perfect ἀκηκόαμεν, 'we have heard and still hold the report') and of the defeat of Sihon and Og. Rahab's recital recapitulates Israel's two foundational deliverances — the exodus crossing and the Transjordan conquests (Num 21) — as the data of her faith, anticipating the credal climax of v. 11.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ἀκηκόαμενwe have heardPerf Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (the basis of the dread)→ resultative perfect (we have heard and the report abides)ἀκούω (perf. ἀκηκόαμεν, reduplicated Attic perfect): 'hear'; the perfect stresses the lasting effect of the reports on the Canaanite mind — the news of the exodus has reached and gripped them; hearing leads here to fear, in contrast to the saving hearing of faith.
γὰρforpostpositive causal conjunction (grounding v. 9b)γάρ: 'for'; gives the content of what produced the dread — the reports now recited.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the content of ἀκηκόαμεν)ὅτι: 'that'; introduces the report's content.
κατεξήρανενdried upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταξηραίνωverb of the ὅτι-clause→ constative aorist (the completed miracle of the sea)καταξηραίνω: 'dry up completely'; the intensive compound κατα- + ξηραίνω; renders the drying of the sea (cf. Exod 14:21, ἐποίησεν τὴν θάλασσαν ξηράν); the report of the Red Sea crossing is the headline miracle that terrified the nations (Exod 15:14–16).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of κατεξήρανενκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; Rahab attributes the sea-miracle to YHWH by name.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριοςθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; the appositional κύριος ὁ θεός ('the LORD God') anticipates the full creedal title of v. 11 (κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν θεός).
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρυθρὰνRedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θάλασσαν)ἐρυθρός: 'red'; ἡ ἐρυθρὰ θάλασσα ('the Red Sea') is the standard LXX rendering of יַם סוּף (lit. 'sea of reeds'); the fixed Greek name became traditional and passes into the NT (Acts 7:36; Heb 11:29).
θάλασσανseaAccusativedirect object of κατεξήρανενθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; the Red Sea, scene of the exodus deliverance.
ἀπὸfrom / beforepreposition + genitive (idiomatic: 'from before')ἀπὸ προσώπου: 'from the face of / before'; a Hebraism rendering מִפְּנֵי ('from before'); here 'before you,' i.e., to clear Israel's path.
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive with ἀπό (in the idiom ἀπὸ προσώπου)πρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; in the idiom ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν ('from before you') it loses its literal sense, meaning simply 'before / in front of'; the same idiom recurs in v. 11 (ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν).
ὑμῶνof youGenitivegenitive (with προσώπου: 'before you')σύ (gen. pl.): 'of you'; Israel, before whom the sea was dried.
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction (introducing temporal clause)ὅτε: 'when'; dates the sea-miracle to the time of the exodus.
ἐξεπορεύεσθεyou were coming outImpf Mid/Pass Indic 2 Pl · ἐκπορεύομαιverb of the temporal clause→ imperfect of process (the ongoing journey out of Egypt)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / come forth'; the imperfect ἐξεπορεύεσθε pictures the exodus as a process underway ('as you were coming out'); the compound ἐκ- matches ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου following.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκγῆ: 'land'; the construction γῆς Αἰγύπτου ('land of Egypt') is the standard LXX designation of the place of bondage.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitivegenitive of location (with γῆς)Αἴγυπτος: standard LXX form of מִצְרַיִם (Egypt); declined as a second-declension feminine; here genitive in the phrase 'land of Egypt.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the second report)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ὅσαall thatAccusativerelative/correlative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν; second object of ἀκηκόαμεν)ὅσος: 'as much/many as / all that'; the neuter plural ὅσα ('all the things that') introduces the second report — the Transjordan conquests; it depends on ἀκηκόαμεν ('we have heard ... all that he did').
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the relative clause (with ὅσα)→ constative aorist (the completed deeds against the kings)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; subject is YHWH — Rahab attributes the defeat of Sihon and Og to YHWH's own action, not merely Israel's military success.
τοῖςtheDativearticleτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυσὶtwoDativenumeral (modifying βασιλεῦσιν)δύο (dat. δυσί): 'two'; the dative plural form δυσί agrees with βασιλεῦσιν; the 'two kings of the Amorites' are Sihon and Og, named below.
βασιλεῦσινkingsDativedative indirect object of ἐποίησεν ('did to the kings')βασιλεύς (dat. pl.): 'king'; the dative of disadvantage — what YHWH did against the two Amorite kings; their defeat (Num 21:21–35; Deut 2–3) was the most recent and proximate demonstration of YHWH's power, just across the Jordan.
τῶνtheGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Αμορραίωνof the AmoritesGenitivepartitive/relational genitive (modifying βασιλεῦσιν)Ἀμορραῖος: 'Amorite'; gentilic, rendering אֱמֹרִי; the Amorites are one of the standard peoples of Canaan; here the Transjordanian kingdoms of Sihon (Heshbon) and Og (Bashan).
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἦσαν)ὅς (nom. masc. pl.): 'who'; relative pronoun referring to the two kings (or the Amorites), introducing their location beyond the Jordan.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of the relative clause (locating the kings)→ imperfect of state (their settled location)εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'be'; the imperfect describes their former location 'beyond the Jordan' (from Rahab's west-bank standpoint, the east bank).
πέρανbeyondimproper preposition + genitive (location: across)πέραν: 'across / on the other side'; with genitive; πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('beyond the Jordan') here denotes the east bank, where Sihon and Og were defeated.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive with πέρανΙορδάνης: the Jordan; gen. Ιορδάνου; the river divides the Transjordan conquests (Sihon and Og) from the Cisjordan campaign about to begin at Jericho.
τῷtheDativearticle (in apposition to τοῖς δυσὶ βασιλεῦσιν)The dative article τῷ governs the appositional naming of the first king, Σηων, resuming τοῖς δυσὶ βασιλεῦσιν.
ΣηωνSihondative in apposition to βασιλεῦσιν (indeclinable proper noun)Σηων: transliteration of Hebrew סִיחוֹן (Sihon), king of the Amorites at Heshbon, defeated at Jahaz (Num 21:21–31); indeclinable, case marked by the article τῷ.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΩγOgdative in apposition to βασιλεῦσιν (indeclinable proper noun)Ωγ: transliteration of Hebrew עוֹג (Og), king of Bashan, defeated at Edrei (Num 21:33–35; Deut 3:1–11); indeclinable; the second of the two Amorite kings.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐξωλεθρεύσατε)ὅς (acc. masc. pl.): 'whom'; relative pronoun referring to Sihon and Og, object of the destruction.
ἐξωλεθρεύσατεyou utterly destroyedAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἐξολεθρεύωverb of the relative clause (Israel's act)→ constative aorist (the completed annihilation)ἐξολεθρεύω: 'utterly destroy / exterminate'; the intensive ἐξ- + ὀλεθρεύω; the standard LXX rendering of the ḥērem-vocabulary (חָרַם / שָׁמַד); the total destruction of Sihon and Og foreshadows the ḥērem about to fall on Jericho — from which Rahab and her house alone will be exempted.
αὐτούςthemAccusativeresumptive direct object (pleonastic with οὕς)αὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the resumptive pronoun after the relative οὕς is a Hebraizing redundancy (אֲשֶׁר ... אֹתָם), common in LXX Joshua.
11

καὶ ἀκούσαντες ἡμεῖς ἐξέστημεν τῇ καρδίᾳ ἡμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἔστη ἔτι πνεῦμα ἐν οὐδενὶ ἡμῶν ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν θεὸς ἐν οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω

And when we heard it, we were appalled in our heart, and there was no longer any spirit left in any of us before you; for the LORD your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath.

Credal climax: from terror to confession of the one Godκαὶ ἀκούσαντες ἡμεῖς ἐξέστημεν
The Canaanites' hearing (ἀκούσαντες) produced collapse — they 'lost heart' (ἐξέστημεν τῇ καρδίᾳ) and no breath/courage remained (οὐκ ἔστη ἔτι πνεῦμα). The ὅτι-clause gives the theological reason in a monotheistic creed verbally close to Deut 4:39: κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν θεὸς ἐν οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω. From a Gentile prostitute this is a remarkable confession of YHWH's universal sovereignty — the high point of the chapter and the substance of the faith credited to her at Heb 11:31.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωcircumstantial participle (temporal: 'when we heard')→ antecedent aorist participle (upon hearing)ἀκούω (aor. ptcp.): 'hear'; the aorist participle marks the hearing as the occasion of the collapse — picking up ἀκηκόαμεν (v. 10); hearing the reports of YHWH's deeds produced not faith in the Canaanites generally but terror; Rahab alone turns hearing into confession.
ἡμεῖςweNominativeemphatic subject pronounἐγώ (nom. pl. ἡμεῖς): 'we'; the emphatic pronoun identifies Rahab with the demoralized inhabitants of the land.
ἐξέστημενwe were appalledAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἐξίστημιmain verb (the collapse of courage)→ ingressive aorist (we lost our composure / were thrown into panic)ἐξίστημι (intrans. aor. ἐξέστην): 'be amazed / be beside oneself / lose one's wits'; with τῇ καρδίᾳ ('in heart') it renders the Hebrew נָמַס לֵבָב ('the heart melted'); the loss of courage among the Canaanites fulfils Exod 15:15 (ἐτάκησαν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Χανααν).
τῇtheDativearticleτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of respect (in what respect they were appalled)καρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵב/לֵבָב; the seat of courage and will in Hebrew anthropology; ἐξέστημεν τῇ καρδίᾳ = 'our heart melted,' the standard idiom for failure of nerve before YHWH's people.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying καρδίᾳ)ἐγώ (gen. pl.): 'our'; the collective heart of the terrified Canaanites.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔστη)οὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔστηstood / remainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (no spirit remained)→ constative aorist (intransitive: there came to be no standing breath)ἵστημι (intrans. aor. ἔστη): 'stand / remain / hold firm'; with the negation, 'no spirit/breath stood [firm] any longer' — the courage of the Canaanites failed entirely; renders the Hebrew לֹא־קָמָה עוֹד רוּחַ ('no spirit rose/remained').
ἔτιany longertemporal adverb (with negation: 'no longer')ἔτι: 'still / yet'; with οὐκ, 'no longer' — the courage that once stood now fails utterly.
πνεῦμαspirit / breathNominativesubject of ἔστηπνεῦμα: 'spirit / breath'; renders רוּחַ; here in the sense of spirit-as-courage / breath-of-life — the resolve to resist; not a spark of fighting spirit remained in the inhabitants.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
οὐδενὶno oneDativedative with ἐν (substantival: 'in no one')οὐδείς (dat. οὐδενί): 'no one / none'; ἐν οὐδενὶ ἡμῶν ('in none of us') universalizes the collapse — not a single Canaanite retained courage.
ἡμῶνof usGenitivepartitive genitive (with οὐδενί)ἐγώ (gen. pl.): 'of us'; partitive — 'none of us.'
ἀπὸbeforepreposition + genitive (idiomatic: 'before')ἀπὸ προσώπου: 'from before / because of'; the Hebraism מִפְּנֵי, here causal-spatial: the dread is 'before you,' i.e., on account of Israel's advance.
προσώπουfaceGenitivegenitive with ἀπό (in the idiom ἀπὸ προσώπου)πρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; in ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν the literal sense recedes — 'before you / because of you.'
ὑμῶνof youGenitivegenitive (with προσώπου: 'before you')σύ (gen. pl.): 'of you'; Israel, before whom Canaanite courage fails.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (introducing the credal ground)ὅτι: 'for / because'; introduces the theological reason for the terror — Rahab's confession of YHWH's universal deity.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of the verbless credal clauseκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the subject of the creed — YHWH, named by Rahab as the universal God.
theNominativearticleὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριοςθεός: 'God'; ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν ('your God') acknowledges YHWH as Israel's covenant God.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὁ θεός)σύ (gen. pl.): 'your'; YHWH is Israel's God — yet Rahab will confess his rule over heaven and earth, beyond Israel alone.
θεὸςGodNominativepredicate nominative (verbless: 'he is God')θεός: 'God'; the repeated, anarthrous θεός is the predicate of the verbless creed: 'the LORD your God, he [is] God in heaven above and on earth beneath' — a near-verbatim echo of Deut 4:39 (κύριος ὁ θεός σου οὗτος θεὸς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω); Rahab, a Gentile, makes Israel's monotheistic confession her own.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
οὐρανῷheavenDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in heaven')οὐρανός: 'heaven / sky'; renders שָׁמַיִם; with ἄνω ('above'), the upper realm of the merism heaven-and-earth that expresses YHWH's total sovereignty over the cosmos.
ἄνωaboveadverb of place (modifying ἐν οὐρανῷ)ἄνω: 'above / up'; pairs with κάτω ('beneath') to form the spatial merism; renders מִמַּעַל; the pairing asserts that no realm lies outside YHWH's dominion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two halves of the merism)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (location: 'on the earth')ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)γῆ: 'earth / land'; renders אֶרֶץ; with κάτω ('beneath'), the lower half of the merism; the same word γῆ that denotes the promised land (vv. 9, 24) here denotes the whole earth — YHWH rules both the land he gives and the cosmos entire.
κάτωbeneathadverb of place (modifying ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς)κάτω: 'below / beneath'; renders מִתָּחַת; completes the merism heaven-above / earth-beneath, the comprehensive formula of universal divine sovereignty (cf. Deut 4:39; 1 Kgs 8:23).
12

καὶ νῦν ὀμόσατέ μοι κύριον τὸν θεόν ὅτι ποιῶ ὑμῖν ἔλεος καὶ ποιήσετε καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔλεος ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρός μου

And now swear to me by the LORD God, that, since I am showing you mercy, you also will show mercy to the house of my father,

Petition: the oath of reciprocal mercy (consequence drawn from the confession)καὶ νῦν ὀμόσατέ μοι
The transitional καὶ νῦν ('and now') moves from confession to petition: on the basis of her faith and her kindness, Rahab asks the spies to swear by YHWH (ὀμόσατε ... κύριον τὸν θεόν) to deal mercifully with her father's house. The reciprocity is explicit — ποιῶ ... ἔλεος / ποιήσετε ... ἔλεος ('I show mercy ... you too will show mercy') — invoking the covenant language of ἔλεος (ḥesed), kindness owed in return for kindness given.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandconjunction (in the transitional formula καὶ νῦν)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (transitional: drawing a consequence)νῦν: 'now'; the formula καὶ νῦν ('and now') renders Hebrew וְעַתָּה, the standard hinge from grounds to request — Rahab moves from her confession to her petition for mercy.
ὀμόσατέswearAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ὀμνύωmain verb of request (Rahab's appeal for an oath)→ ingressive aorist imperative (swear now, perform the oath)ὀμνύω: 'swear / take an oath'; renders שָׁבַע (Niphal); ὀμόσατέ μοι κύριον ('swear to me by the LORD') uses the accusative of the deity sworn by — a solemn binding invocation of YHWH; Rahab requires a divine oath, knowing it cannot be broken.
μοιto meDativedative indirect object (the one to whom the oath is sworn)ἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; Rahab is the beneficiary of the sworn pledge.
κύριονthe LORDAccusativeaccusative of the deity sworn by (with ὀμόσατε)κύριος (acc. κύριον): the Tetragrammaton; the accusative names the deity by whom they swear — Rahab binds the spies by their own God, whose power she has just confessed.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodAccusativeaccusative in apposition to κύριονθεός (acc. θεόν): 'God'; the appositional κύριον τὸν θεόν ('the LORD God') resumes the credal title of v. 11; Rahab swears them by the very God she has confessed as ruler of heaven and earth.
ὅτιthat / sinceconjunction (introducing the content/grounds of the oath)ὅτι: here best taken causally ('since / inasmuch as') introducing the basis of the request — because Rahab shows mercy, the spies are to swear reciprocal mercy; some render it as the content-marker of the oath ('swear that ...').
ποιῶI am showingPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωverb of the ὅτι-clause (Rahab's present act)→ progressive present (the mercy she is even now extending)ποιέω: 'do / make'; in the idiom ποιέω ἔλεος μετά/πρός τινος ('show mercy to someone') it renders עָשָׂה חֶסֶד; the present ποιῶ designates the kindness Rahab is presently performing — hiding and protecting the spies.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object (recipients of Rahab's mercy)σύ (dat. pl.): 'to you'; the spies, beneficiaries of Rahab's kindness.
ἔλεοςmercy / kindnessAccusativedirect object of ποιῶἔλεος: 'mercy / lovingkindness'; the standard LXX rendering of חֶסֶד (covenant loyalty); ποιεῖν ἔλεος is to act with the faithful kindness owed within a bond; the term governs the whole oath-transaction (vv. 12–14) and is paired with ἀλήθεια ('faithfulness') in v. 14.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the reciprocal clause)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ποιήσετεyou will showFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the reciprocal obligation)→ future of obligation/expectation (the sworn return of kindness)ποιέω (fut.): the future ποιήσετε expresses the obligation the oath imposes — 'you too shall show mercy'; the deliberate repetition ποιῶ ... ποιήσετε frames the exchange as strictly reciprocal ḥesed.
καὶalsoadverbial/ascensive (with ὑμεῖς: 'you also')καί: here adverbial ('also / too'), emphasizing the reciprocity — 'you also,' matching Rahab's kindness with their own.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (with ποιήσετε)σύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): 'you'; the emphatic pronoun underscores the matched obligation — as she has done, so they must do.
ἔλεοςmercyAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετεἔλεος: 'mercy / kindness'; the repeated object seals the reciprocity — the same ἔλεος Rahab gives, the spies must return to her household.
ἐνto / withpreposition + dative (locative/relational: the sphere of the kindness)ἐν: here marking the household as the sphere within which the mercy is to be shown ('mercy in/to the house of my father').
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative with ἐν (the object of the mercy)οἶκος: 'house / household / family'; renders בַּיִת; the 'house of my father' is the extended family Rahab seeks to save — listed in v. 13 (father, mother, brothers, and all who belong to them); the salvation of the whole household through one faithful member anticipates the Passover-household pattern.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying οἴκῳ)πατήρ (gen. πατρός): 'father'; οἶκος τοῦ πατρός ('father's house') is the standard Hebrew kinship term בֵּית אָב for the extended family unit Rahab seeks to deliver.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying πατρός)ἐγώ (gen. μου): 'my'; Rahab's own father's house, the family she intercedes for.
13

καὶ ζωγρήσετε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου καὶ τὴν μητέρα μου καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφούς μου καὶ πάντα τὸν οἶκόν μου καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐξελεῖσθε τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐκ θανάτου

and that you will save alive the house of my father, and my mother, and my brothers, and all my household, and all that belongs to them, and you will deliver my life from death.

Specification of the oath (the family to be spared)καὶ ζωγρήσετε
Rahab itemizes the beneficiaries of the oath in an expanding list — father's house, mother, brothers, whole household, all their possessions — closing with the personal plea ἐξελεῖσθε τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐκ θανάτου ('deliver my life from death'). The future ζωγρήσετε ('you will preserve alive') stands in deliberate contrast to the ἐξωλεθρεύσατε ('you destroyed') of v. 10: the ḥērem that fell on Sihon and Og will fall on Jericho, but Rahab's house is to be exempted.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the oath-content)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ζωγρήσετεyou will save aliveFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ζωγρέωmain verb (the sworn obligation to preserve)→ future of obligation (the spies must spare the household)ζωγρέω: 'take/keep alive, spare' (from ζωός 'living' + ἀγρέω 'catch'); lit. 'to catch alive'; here 'preserve alive / spare from slaughter'; the term sharply contrasts with the ḥērem-destruction of v. 10 — Rahab's house is to be the one exception to the ban on Jericho (Josh 6:17, 22–25).
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativedirect object of ζωγρήσετεοἶκος: 'house / household'; the first and comprehensive item — the father's house, then specified by its members.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying οἶκον)πατήρ: 'father'; οἶκον τοῦ πατρός repeats the kinship phrase of v. 12.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possessionμου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing family members)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object of ζωγρήσετε (coordinate)μήτηρ (acc. μητέρα): 'mother'; renders אֵם; the second named member of the household to be spared.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possessionμου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticleτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφούςbrothersAccusativedirect object of ζωγρήσετε (coordinate)ἀδελφός (acc. pl.): 'brother'; renders אָח; Rahab's siblings, included in the household to be delivered.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possessionμου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying οἶκον: 'all my household')πᾶς (acc. masc. sg. πάντα): 'all / whole'; the summarizing 'all my household' gathers up the named members into the totality of the family to be spared.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκόνhouseholdAccusativedirect object of ζωγρήσετε (summarizing)οἶκος: 'house / household'; the second occurrence, now with πάντα, embraces the whole family-group.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possessionμου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πάνταallAccusativesubstantival adjective (antecedent of ὅσα: 'all things that')πᾶς (acc. neut. pl. πάντα): 'all'; here 'all that belongs to them' — the household's possessions, extending the protection to property as well as persons.
ὅσαas much as / thatNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστίν)ὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the neuter plural ὅσα introduces the relative clause defining 'all things' — whatever belongs to the household.
ἐστὶνbelongsPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of the relative clause (with dative of possession)→ stative present (existing possession)εἰμί: 'be'; with the dative αὐτοῖς it expresses possession ('all that is to them' = all they have); the singular ἐστίν with neuter plural subject ὅσα follows the classical rule (neuter plural takes singular verb).
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of possession (with ἐστίν)αὐτός (dat. pl.): 'to/for them'; dative of possession — 'all that belongs to them,' i.e., to Rahab's family.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the personal plea)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξελεῖσθεyou will deliverFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐξαιρέωmain verb (the climactic personal request)→ future of obligation (you must rescue)ἐξαιρέω (mid. ἐξαιροῦμαι): 'take out / rescue / deliver'; the middle ἐξελεῖσθε ('you will deliver') renders the Hebrew נָצַל (Hiphil); the idiom ἐξαιρέω ... ἐκ θανάτου ('rescue from death') is the language of salvation (cf. Ps 32:19 LXX); Rahab's plea moves from household to her own ψυχή.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνlife / soulAccusativedirect object of ἐξελεῖσθεψυχή: 'life / soul / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; here 'life' in the concrete sense of physical survival; the rescue of Rahab's ψυχή ἐκ θανάτου is the personal heart of her petition and the substance of her deliverance by faith (Heb 11:31, she 'did not perish').
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ψυχήν)μου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation: rescue from)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
θανάτουdeathGenitivegenitive object of ἐκθάνατος: 'death'; renders מָוֶת; the doom hanging over Jericho; Rahab seeks rescue from the death decreed for the city — a deliverance grounded, the NT will say, in faith (Heb 11:31).
14

καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῇ οἱ ἄνδρες ἡ ψυχὴ ἡμῶν ἀνθ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰς θάνατον καὶ αὐτὴ εἶπεν ὡς ἂν παραδῷ κύριος ὑμῖν τὴν πόλιν ποιήσετε εἰς ἐμὲ ἔλεος καὶ ἀλήθειαν

And the men said to her, 'Our life for yours, even to death!' And she said, 'When the LORD hands over the city to you, you shall deal with me in mercy and faithfulness.'

Ratification of the oath (mutual pledge)καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῇ οἱ ἄνδρες
The spies pledge their own lives as surety: ἡ ψυχὴ ἡμῶν ἀνθ᾿ ὑμῶν εἰς θάνατον ('our life for yours, unto death'), the preposition ἀντί marking exchange/substitution. Rahab seals the bargain with a condition (ὡς ἂν παραδῷ κύριος ... τὴν πόλιν) and the covenant pair ἔλεος καὶ ἀλήθεια ('mercy and faithfulness') — ḥesed we'emet, the standard formula of loyal covenant kindness.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the spies' pledge)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the Hellenistic third-plural εἶπαν (with first-aorist -αν ending on the second-aorist stem) is characteristic of the LXX and NT (contrast classical εἶπον); introduces the spies' oath of surety.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect objectαὐτός (dat. fem.): 'to her'; Rahab, the recipient of the pledge.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of εἶπανἀνήρ: 'man'; the two spies, now bound by oath to Rahab.
theNominativearticleἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴlife / soulNominativesubject of the verbless pledge ('our life [be] for yours')ψυχή: 'life'; ἡ ψυχὴ ἡμῶν ἀνθ᾿ ὑμῶν ('our life in place of yours') is a self-imprecation/oath of surety — the spies stake their own lives as forfeit if Rahab's family is harmed; echoes the lex talionis pattern נֶפֶשׁ תַּחַת נֶפֶשׁ.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ψυχή)ἐγώ (gen. pl.): 'our'; the spies' own lives offered as pledge.
ἀνθ᾿in place of / forpreposition + genitive (exchange / substitution)ἀντί (elided ἀνθ᾿ before the aspirated ὑμῶν): 'instead of / in exchange for'; the preposition of substitution — the spies' lives stand in the place of Rahab's people; the same ἀντί underlies the substitutionary language of redemption (cf. Mark 10:45, λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν).
ὑμῶνyoursGenitivegenitive with ἀντί (the lives exchanged for)σύ (gen. pl.): 'of you / yours'; Rahab and her household, whose lives the spies guarantee with their own.
εἰςuntopreposition + accusative (extent: 'even to death')εἰς θάνατον: 'unto death'; the phrase intensifies the pledge — the spies' surety holds even to the point of forfeiting their lives.
θάνατονdeathAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςθάνατος: 'death'; the same word as in Rahab's plea (v. 13) — she sought rescue from death; they pledge their own death as the price of her safety.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αὐτὴsheNominativesubject of εἶπεν (emphatic)αὐτός (nom. fem.): 'she (herself)'; Rahab responds, setting the terms of the agreement.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Rahab's reply)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: Rahab confirms the agreement, attaching a temporal condition.
ὡςwhentemporal conjunction (with ἄν + subjunctive)ὡς: 'when'; with ἄν and the subjunctive (παραδῷ) it forms an indefinite temporal clause ('whenever / when the LORD hands over the city').
ἂν(particle)modal particle (with subjunctive in indefinite temporal clause)ἄν: the modal particle marking contingency/indefiniteness; with ὡς + subjunctive it conveys 'when(ever) it may happen that.'
παραδῷhands overAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιverb of the indefinite temporal clause→ aorist subjunctive of contingency (the future surrender of the city)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over / deliver up'; renders נָתַן (here in the sense of giving into the hand); Rahab assumes as certain — like her confession in v. 9 (δέδωκεν) — that YHWH will give the city; the same verb (παρέδωκεν) recurs in the spies' report (v. 24).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of παραδῷκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; Rahab again names YHWH as the one who will give the city — her faith assumes the conquest.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative indirect object (recipients of the city)σύ (dat. pl.): 'to you'; Israel, to whom YHWH gives Jericho.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of παραδῷπόλις: 'city'; renders עִיר; Jericho, whose surrender is the condition Rahab names; the fall of the city is narrated at Josh 6, where she is duly spared (6:22–25).
ποιήσετεyou shall dealFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb of the apodosis (Rahab's stipulated obligation)→ future of obligation (the sworn duty when the city falls)ποιέω (fut.): 'do / deal'; ποιήσετε εἰς ἐμὲ ἔλεος ('you will do mercy toward me') resumes the ποιεῖν ἔλεος idiom of v. 12; the future expresses the binding obligation activated at the city's fall.
εἰςto / towardpreposition + accusative (the object of the kindness)εἰς ἐμέ: 'toward me'; marks Rahab as the recipient of the mercy and faithfulness.
ἐμὲmeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (emphatic personal pronoun)ἐγώ (emphatic acc. ἐμέ): 'me'; the stressed form underscores Rahab as the personal beneficiary of the covenant kindness.
ἔλεοςmercyAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετεἔλεος: 'mercy / lovingkindness'; renders חֶסֶד; paired here with ἀλήθεια to form the classic covenant hendiadys 'mercy and faithfulness.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the covenant pair)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀλήθειανfaithfulness / truthAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (coordinate with ἔλεος)ἀλήθεια: 'truth / faithfulness / reliability'; renders אֱמֶת; ἔλεος καὶ ἀλήθεια together render the formula חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת ('lovingkindness and faithfulness'), the hallmark of covenant loyalty (cf. Gen 24:49; Exod 34:6); the pair binds the oath in the strongest covenantal terms.
15

καὶ κατεχάλασεν αὐτοὺς διὰ τῆς θυρίδος

And she let them down by a rope through the window;

Action: the escape from the city wallκαὶ κατεχάλασεν αὐτοὺς
A terse narrative note: Rahab lowers the spies through the window. The OG is markedly shorter than MT here, omitting the explanatory clause that her house was built into the city wall (so she dwelt in the wall). The verb καταχαλάω ('let down by lowering') presupposes a rope — the σχοινίον of the wider tradition — and the θυρίς (window) is the very opening that will bear the scarlet cord (v. 18).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατεχάλασενlet downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταχαλάωmain verb (the lowering of the spies)→ constative aorist (completed act of lowering)καταχαλάω: 'let down / lower (by slackening a rope)'; the compound κατα- + χαλάω ('slacken/loosen'); renders יָרַד (Hiphil) with the instrument of a rope implied; the same verb-idea recurs in v. 18 (κατεβίβασας, 'you let us down'); cf. the lowering of Paul through the wall at Acts 9:25 (διὰ τοῦ τείχους ... χαλάσαντες).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of κατεχάλασεναὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the two spies.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means/path: through the window)διά + genitive: 'through'; marks the opening through which the men are lowered.
τῆςtheGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρίδοςwindowGenitivegenitive object of διάθυρίς: 'window / opening' (diminutive of θύρα, 'door'); renders חַלּוֹן; the window in the city wall is the means of escape and the appointed place for the scarlet cord (vv. 18, 21) — the sign that will mark Rahab's house for deliverance.
16

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς εἰς τὴν ὀρεινὴν ἀπέλθετε μὴ συναντήσωσιν ὑμῖν οἱ καταδιώκοντες καὶ κρυβήσεσθε ἐκεῖ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἕως ἂν ἀποστρέψωσιν οἱ καταδιώκοντες ὀπίσω ὑμῶν καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπελεύσεσθε εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῶν

and she said to them, 'Go away into the hill country, lest the pursuers meet you, and hide yourselves there three days until the pursuers return after you; and after that you shall go your way.'

Counsel: Rahab's escape-plan for the spiesκαὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς
Rahab gives tactical instruction: flee to the hill country (ἡ ὀρεινή), the rugged highlands west of Jericho — the opposite direction from where she sent the pursuers (the Jordan, v. 7) — and hide three days until the search party returns. The negated subjunctive μὴ συναντήσωσιν is a clause of apprehension/purpose ('lest they meet you'). Her plan is followed exactly in v. 22.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (introducing Rahab's counsel)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: Rahab now instructs the men in the manner of their escape.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect objectαὐτός (dat. pl.): 'to them'; the spies.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινὴνhill countryAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (substantivized adjective)ὀρεινός ('mountainous'), here substantival ἡ ὀρεινή ('the hill country'); renders הָהָר ('the mountain/hills'); the rugged highlands west of Jericho, full of caves for concealment — and away from the Jordan fords where the pursuers went (v. 7).
ἀπέλθετεgo awayAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb of command (Rahab's directive)→ ingressive aorist imperative (depart, get away)ἀπέρχομαι: 'go away / depart'; the aorist imperative urges immediate departure to the hills; resumed by the future ἀπελεύσεσθε ('you shall go') at the verse's end.
μὴlestnegative particle (introducing clause of apprehension/purpose)μή: 'lest / so that not'; with the subjunctive it forms a negative purpose/fear clause — 'lest the pursuers meet you.'
συναντήσωσινthey meetAor Act Subj 3 Pl · συναντάωverb of the negative purpose clause→ aorist subjunctive (feared encounter)συναντάω: 'meet / encounter / fall in with'; the aorist subjunctive in the μή-clause names the danger to be avoided — running into the search party.
ὑμῖνyouDativedative complement of συναντήσωσιν (meet with someone)σύ (dat. pl.): 'you'; συναντάω governs the dative — 'meet you / encounter you.'
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταδιώκοντεςthe pursuersPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · καταδιώκωsubstantival participle (subject of συναντήσωσιν)→ imperfective participle (those engaged in pursuing)καταδιώκω: 'pursue'; the articular participle οἱ καταδιώκοντες ('the pursuers') designates the king's search party (cf. v. 7, 22); the same compound Rahab herself used in the imperative καταδιώξατε (v. 5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κρυβήσεσθεyou will hide yourselvesFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · κρύπτωmain verb (instruction to hide)→ future with imperatival force (you are to hide)κρύπτω (fut. pass. κρυβήσομαι): 'hide'; the future passive here has reflexive/middle sense ('hide yourselves') and imperatival force; the same verb κρύπτω was used of Rahab's hiding the men (vv. 4, 6) — now they hide themselves in the hills.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there'; in the hill country.
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying ἡμέρας)τρεῖς: 'three'; the three days of hiding (fulfilled in v. 22) allow the pursuit to exhaust itself; the three-day motif recurs in Joshua (cf. 1:11; 3:2).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration of timeἡμέρα: 'day'; accusative of extent — 'for three days.'
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (with ἄν + subjunctive)ἕως: 'until'; with ἄν and the subjunctive it forms an indefinite temporal clause — 'until the pursuers return.'
ἂν(particle)modal particle (with subjunctive)ἄν: the modal particle of contingency with ἕως + subjunctive.
ἀποστρέψωσινthey returnAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποστρέφωverb of the indefinite temporal clause→ aorist subjunctive of contingency (the pursuers' eventual return)ἀποστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; here intransitive ('return'); the spies must wait out the search until the pursuers give up and turn homeward — as they do in v. 22.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταδιώκοντεςthe pursuersPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · καταδιώκωsubstantival participle (subject of ἀποστρέψωσιν)→ imperfective participleκαταδιώκω: the repeated οἱ καταδιώκοντες keeps the search party in view as the obstacle the spies must outwait.
ὀπίσωafterimproper preposition + genitiveὀπίσω: 'after'; with genitive; the pursuit-idiom — 'after you.'
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive with ὀπίσωσύ (gen. pl.): 'of you'; the object of the pursuit.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)μετὰ ταῦτα: 'after these things / afterward'; a standard LXX temporal formula for narrative succession.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (demonstrative)οὗτος (acc. neut. pl. ταῦτα): 'these things'; refers to the three days of hiding and the pursuers' return.
ἀπελεύσεσθεyou shall go awayFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἀπέρχομαιmain verb (resumption of the journey)→ predictive future (the safe departure once the danger passes)ἀπέρχομαι (fut. mid. ἀπελεύσομαι): 'go away / depart'; resumes the opening imperative ἀπέλθετε — once the search is over, the spies may safely complete their journey back to Joshua (v. 23).
εἰςon / intopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςὁδός: 'way / road / journey'; εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν ὑμῶν ('on your way') — the spies' route back to the camp; the same word ὁδός denoted the false trail toward the Jordan (v. 7).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὁδόν)σύ (gen. pl.): 'your'; the spies' own way home.
17

καὶ εἶπαν οἱ ἄνδρες πρὸς αὐτήν ἀθῷοί ἐσμεν τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ

And the men said to her, 'We are free of obligation under this oath of yours,

Qualification of the oath (the conditions begin)καὶ εἶπαν οἱ ἄνδρες πρὸς αὐτήν
The spies now define the limits of their sworn liability. The refrain ἀθῷοί ἐσμεν τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ ('we are guiltless of/exempt from this oath of yours') opens a tightly structured set of conditions (vv. 17–20), repeated as a formula (vv. 19, 20). ἀθῷος ('innocent, free of guilt/liability') is forensic: the spies will be released from the oath's penalty if its conditions are not met.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the spies set the terms)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω (Hellenistic εἶπαν): introduces the conditions the spies attach to their oath.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of εἶπανἀνήρ: 'man'; the two spies.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτήνherAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςαὐτός (acc. fem.): 'her'; Rahab.
ἀθῷοίguiltless / free of obligationNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐσμεν)ἀθῷος: 'innocent / unpunished / free of liability' (from ἀ- privative + θωή 'penalty'); renders נָקִי; a forensic term — the spies declare the conditions under which they will be 'quit' of the oath's penalty; the word recurs as the refrain in vv. 19, 20.
ἐσμενwe arePres Act Indic 1 Pl · εἰμίlinking verb (predicate construction)→ stative present (their standing under the oath)εἰμί: 'be'; the present ἐσμεν asserts the spies' present standing — free of liability under the oath, except as the following conditions bind them.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρκῳoathDativedative of respect (with ἀθῷοι: 'free in respect of the oath')ὅρκος: 'oath'; renders שְׁבוּעָה; the dative ἀθῷοι τῷ ὅρκῳ ('guiltless as to the oath') specifies the sphere in which the spies claim exemption — the binding force of the sworn pledge, valid only on the stated terms.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὅρκῳ)σύ (gen. σου): 'your'; the oath Rahab required of them (v. 12).
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ὅρκῳ)οὗτος (dat. τούτῳ): 'this'; the demonstrative fixes the reference to the specific oath just sworn; the full phrase τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ is the recurring refrain (vv. 17, 19, 20).
18

ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς εἰσπορευόμεθα εἰς μέρος τῆς πόλεως καὶ θήσεις τὸ σημεῖον τὸ σπαρτίον τὸ κόκκινον τοῦτο ἐκδήσεις εἰς τὴν θυρίδα δι᾿ ἧς κατεβίβασας ἡμᾶς δι᾿ αὐτῆς τὸν δὲ πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου καὶ πάντα τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός σου συνάξεις πρὸς σεαυτὴν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν σου

behold, we are entering into a part of the city, and you shall set the sign: this scarlet cord you shall bind in the window through which you let us down; and your father and your mother and your brothers and all your father's household you shall gather to yourself into your house.

The decisive condition: the scarlet cord and the gathered householdἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς εἰσπορευόμεθα
The presentative ἰδού introduces the sign that will secure deliverance: the scarlet cord (τὸ σπαρτίον τὸ κόκκινον) tied in the window. The Fathers (1 Clem. 12; Justin, Dial. 111) read the κόκκινον typologically as the blood of Christ, and the marked house as the saved community — a Passover-like sign (cf. the blood on the lintel, Exod 12). The second condition gathers the whole family inside the marked house; safety is strictly bounded by the threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (calling attention)ἰδού: 'behold / look'; an interjection (frozen aorist middle imperative of εἶδον) rendering הִנֵּה; it marks the solemn announcement of the conditions and the sign.
ἡμεῖςweNominativeemphatic subject pronounἐγώ (nom. pl. ἡμεῖς): 'we'; the emphatic pronoun fronts the spies as they set out.
εἰσπορευόμεθαare enteringPres Mid/Pass Indic 1 Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιmain verb (futuristic/progressive present)→ futuristic present (the imminent journey into the land/city)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / go in'; the present represents the imminent action; the sense is that when the army of Israel comes into the territory/city, the conditions must be in place; the verb echoes its earlier uses (vv. 2, 3) of the spies' own entry.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
μέροςpart / districtAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςμέρος: 'part / portion / district'; renders חֵלֶק/קָצֶה; here a quarter or part of the city/land — the spies envisage the coming assault; the sense of the OG is compressed against MT's fuller statement.
τῆςtheGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivepartitive genitive (with μέρος: 'part of the city')πόλις (gen. πόλεως): 'city'; Jericho; the part of the city into which Israel will come in the assault.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
θήσειςyou shall setFut Act Indic 2 Sg · τίθημιmain verb (instruction to display the sign)→ future with imperatival force (you are to set)τίθημι (fut. θήσω): 'place / set / appoint'; the future with imperatival force directs Rahab to set up the sign; the verb introduces the σημεῖον specified appositionally as the scarlet cord.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖονsignAccusativedirect object of θήσειςσημεῖον: 'sign / token'; renders אוֹת; the appointed token of deliverance — like the blood-sign of Passover (Exod 12:13, ἔσται τὸ αἷμα ὑμῖν ἐν σημείῳ); identified appositionally as the scarlet cord.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with σπαρτίον, in apposition to σημεῖον)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπαρτίονcordAccusativeaccusative in apposition to σημεῖονσπαρτίον: 'cord / small rope / line' (diminutive of σπάρτον, 'rope of broom-fibre'); renders תִּקְוָה ('cord/line', here the scarlet thread); the cord is both the practical means of escape (the rope through the window) and the marking-sign for deliverance.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κόκκινον, attributive)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σπαρτίον)κόκκινος: 'scarlet / crimson' (from κόκκος, the scarlet kermes-grain dye); renders שָׁנִי; the scarlet colour is read typologically by the Fathers (1 Clem. 12:7, 'by the scarlet thread it was made manifest that through the blood of the Lord redemption shall come'; Justin, Dial. 111) as a figure of the blood of Christ — the marked house prefiguring salvation through the cross.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying σπαρτίον)οὗτος (acc. neut. τοῦτο): 'this'; deictic — 'this very cord,' presumably the rope just used for the descent, now repurposed as the sign.
ἐκδήσειςyou shall bindFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐκδέωmain verb (instruction to tie the cord)→ future with imperatival force (you are to tie)ἐκδέω: 'bind on / fasten / tie'; the compound ἐκ- + δέω ('bind'); Rahab is to fasten the scarlet cord conspicuously in the window so the marked house can be recognized and spared.
εἰςin / topreposition + accusative (place where it is fastened)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρίδαwindowAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςθυρίς: 'window'; the same window through which the men escaped (v. 15) now becomes the place of the saving sign — escape-route and deliverance-marker coincide.
δι᾿throughpreposition + genitive (means/path, in relative clause)διά (elided δι᾿) + genitive: 'through'; introduces the relative clause describing the window as the means of their descent.
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (with διά: 'through which')ὅς (gen. fem. ἧς): 'which'; refers to θυρίδα — 'the window through which you let us down.'
κατεβίβασαςyou let downAor Act Indic 2 Sg · καταβιβάζωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed lowering)καταβιβάζω: 'bring down / let down'; causative of καταβαίνω; recalls Rahab's κατεχάλασεν (v. 15); the window of descent is now to bear the marking cord.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object of κατεβίβασαςἐγώ (acc. pl. ἡμᾶς): 'us'; the spies, whom Rahab lowered.
δι᾿throughpreposition + genitive (resumptive: through it)διά (elided) + genitive: the resumptive δι᾿ αὐτῆς ('through it') redundantly repeats the relative δι᾿ ἧς — a Hebraizing pleonasm (the window through which ... through it).
αὐτῆςitGenitiveresumptive genitive with διά (pleonastic with ἧς)αὐτός (gen. fem. αὐτῆς): 'it'; the resumptive pronoun, referring to the window — a Hebraism (אֲשֶׁר ... בּוֹ).
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲand / nowpostpositive (transition to the second condition)δέ: 'and / now'; marks the shift to the second stipulation — the gathering of the family inside.
πατέραfatherAccusativedirect object of συνάξεις (first member of list)πατήρ (acc. πατέρα): 'father'; first of the family members to be gathered into the marked house — the same list as Rahab's plea (v. 13).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object of συνάξεις (coordinate)μήτηρ (acc. μητέρα): 'mother'; second member of the household.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticleτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφούςbrothersAccusativedirect object of συνάξεις (coordinate)ἀδελφός (acc. pl.): 'brother'; Rahab's siblings, third member of the list.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying οἶκον)πᾶς (acc. masc. sg. πάντα): 'all / whole'; the summarizing 'all the household of your father' embraces the entire extended family.
τὸνtheAccusativearticleτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseholdAccusativedirect object of συνάξεις (summarizing)οἶκος: 'house / household'; the whole extended family that must be inside the marked house to be spared.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying οἶκον)πατήρ (gen. πατρός): 'father'; 'the house of your father' — the kinship unit בֵּית אָב.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
συνάξειςyou shall gatherFut Act Indic 2 Sg · συνάγωmain verb (the second condition)→ future with imperatival force (you are to gather)συνάγω: 'gather together / bring in'; renders אָסַף; Rahab must bring her whole family inside the marked house — safety is bounded by the threshold (cf. v. 19, going outside forfeits protection), exactly as Israel had to stay indoors on Passover night (Exod 12:22).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward oneself)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
σεαυτὴνyourselfAccusativereflexive pronoun (object of πρός)σεαυτοῦ (acc. fem. σεαυτήν): 'yourself'; the reflexive marks Rahab as the gathering-point — all are to be brought 'to yourself,' under her protection in the marked house.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίανhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰςοἰκία: 'house'; the house marked by the scarlet cord — the single locus of safety in the doomed city, gathering-place of the saved household.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἰκίαν)σύ (gen. σου): 'your'; Rahab's house.
19

καὶ ἔσται πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐξέλθῃ τὴν θύραν τῆς οἰκίας σου ἔξω ἔνοχος ἑαυτῷ ἔσται ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀθῷοι τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ καὶ ὅσοι ἐὰν γένωνται μετὰ σοῦ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου ἡμεῖς ἔνοχοι ἐσόμεθα

And it shall be that everyone who goes out the door of your house, outside, shall be answerable for himself, but we shall be guiltless under this oath of yours; and as for all who are with you in your house, we shall be answerable for them.

The boundary clause: liability inside versus outside the houseκαὶ ἔσται πᾶς ὃς ἂν ἐξέλθῃ
The condition is spatial: the door (θύρα) of the marked house is the boundary of safety. Whoever steps outside (ἔξω) bears his own blood — ἔνοχος ἑαυτῷ ('answerable for himself') — and the spies are quit (ἀθῷοι, the refrain). But all who remain inside are under the spies' guarantee (ἡμεῖς ἔνοχοι ἐσόμεθα). The strict inside/outside logic precisely mirrors the Passover ordinance (Exod 12:22–23).
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (Hebraizing 'and it shall be that...')→ predictive future (formulaic frame)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; the formula καὶ ἔσται ('and it shall come to pass') renders וְהָיָה, a Hebraizing frame introducing the conditional provision that follows.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (antecedent of the relative clause)πᾶς: 'everyone / all'; πᾶς ὃς ἄν ('everyone who') is a distributive construction — the rule applies to each individual without exception.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξέλθῃ)ὅς: relative pronoun; with ἄν + subjunctive forms an indefinite relative clause ('whoever goes out').
ἂν(particle)modal particle (with subjunctive in indefinite relative clause)ἄν: modal particle of contingency, with the subjunctive ἐξέλθῃ.
ἐξέλθῃgoes outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιverb of the indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (the contingent act of leaving)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / leave'; the aorist subjunctive marks the decisive act of crossing the threshold — to leave the marked house is to forfeit protection.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύρανdoorAccusativeaccusative of place traversed (with ἐξέλθῃ: 'out the door')θύρα: 'door / doorway'; renders פֶּתַח/דֶּלֶת; the door is the precise boundary of safety; the accusative marks the threshold crossed; cf. the Passover door whose lintel bore the blood (Exod 12:22).
τῆςtheGenitivearticleτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying θύραν)οἰκία (gen. οἰκίας): 'house'; the door 'of your house' — the marked, protected dwelling.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἔξωoutsideadverb of place (reinforcing ἐξέλθῃ)ἔξω: 'outside / out'; pleonastically reinforces ἐξέλθῃ — to go 'out, outside' the door is to leave the zone of safety.
ἔνοχοςanswerable / liableNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)ἔνοχος: 'liable / guilty / answerable' (from ἐνέχομαι, 'be held in'); a forensic term; with the reflexive dative ἑαυτῷ it renders the Hebrew idiom דָּמוֹ בְרֹאשׁוֹ ('his blood on his own head') — the one who leaves is responsible for his own death; cf. the same word in legal contexts (Matt 5:21–22; 26:66).
ἑαυτῷfor himselfDativereflexive dative (with ἔνοχος: 'answerable to/for himself')ἑαυτοῦ (dat. ἑαυτῷ): 'himself'; the reflexive dative of disadvantage — he bears his own guilt/blood; the spies incur no liability for one who leaves the house.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of the apodosis (predicate with ἔνοχος)→ predictive future (the consequence of leaving)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; resumes the frame ἔσται — 'he shall be answerable for himself.'
ἡμεῖςweNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (with implied ἀθῷοι ἐσόμεθα)ἐγώ (nom. pl.): 'we'; the spies, declaring their exemption in the case just described.
δὲbutpostpositive adversativeδέ: 'but'; contrasts the spies' innocence with the self-incurred guilt of the one who leaves.
ἀθῷοιguiltlessNominativepredicate adjective (with implied ἐσόμεθα)ἀθῷος: 'innocent / free of liability'; the recurring refrain (vv. 17, 20); the spies are quit of the oath's penalty for anyone who steps outside the marked house.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρκῳoathDativedative of respect (with ἀθῷοι)ὅρκος: 'oath'; the formula τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ exactly repeats vv. 17, 20.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ὅρκῳ)οὗτος (dat. τούτῳ): 'this'; the demonstrative of the recurring refrain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the positive counterpart)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ὅσοιas many as / all whoNominativecorrelative/relative pronoun (subject of γένωνται)ὅσος (nom. masc. pl. ὅσοι): 'as many as / all who'; introduces the complementary case — all who stay inside; with ἐάν + subjunctive, indefinite ('whoever are with you').
ἐὰνif / everconditional particle (with subjunctive, indefinite)ἐάν: 'if / ever'; here equivalent to ἄν with the indefinite relative ὅσοι ('all who ever').
γένωνταιare / may beAor Mid Subj 3 Pl · γίνομαιverb of the indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive of contingency (all who come to be inside)γίνομαι: 'be / become / come to be'; the aorist subjunctive 'whoever come to be with you in the house' — those who take refuge inside the marked dwelling.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)μετά + genitive: 'with'; marks those who are together with Rahab in the house.
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive with μετάσύ (emphatic gen. σοῦ): 'you'; Rahab, with whom the protected family gathers.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticleτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίᾳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν)οἰκία: 'house'; the marked house, inside which alone there is safety.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἡμεῖςweNominativeemphatic subject pronounἐγώ (nom. pl.): 'we'; the spies, who guarantee the safety of those who remain inside.
ἔνοχοιanswerable / responsibleNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐσόμεθα)ἔνοχος: 'liable / answerable'; here positively — the spies take responsibility (assume the liability) for the lives of all inside; the same word that condemned the one who left now binds the spies to protect those who stay.
ἐσόμεθαwe shall beFut Mid Indic 1 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (the spies' assumed obligation)→ future of obligation (we will be answerable)εἰμί (fut. ἐσόμεθα): 'be'; ἡμεῖς ἔνοχοι ἐσόμεθα — 'we shall be answerable' — the spies' formal acceptance of responsibility for the household within the house.
20

ἐὰν δέ τις ἡμᾶς ἀδικήσῃ ἢ καὶ ἀποκαλύψῃ τοὺς λόγους ἡμῶν τούτους ἐσόμεθα ἀθῷοι τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ

But if anyone should wrong us, or even disclose these words of ours, we shall be guiltless under this oath of yours.'

Final condition: secrecy as the ground of obligationἐὰν δέ τις ἡμᾶς ἀδικήσῃ
The last condition concerns betrayal: if anyone wrongs the spies or discloses their plan (τοὺς λόγους ἡμῶν τούτους), the oath is void and they are ἀθῷοι. The verb ἀποκαλύπτω ('uncover, disclose') makes confidentiality the binding condition — Rahab's silence about the spies and the cord is the human counterpart to her faith. The refrain τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ closes the conditions for the third time.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐὰνifconditional particle (with subjunctive: future-more-vivid)ἐάν: 'if'; with the subjunctive introduces a prospective condition — the case of betrayal that would void the oath.
δέbutpostpositive adversativeδέ: 'but'; contrasts this exempting condition with the binding obligation of v. 19.
τιςanyoneNominativeindefinite pronoun (subject of ἀδικήσῃ)τις: 'anyone / someone'; the indefinite subject — anyone (in Rahab's household) who might betray the spies.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object of ἀδικήσῃἐγώ (acc. pl. ἡμᾶς): 'us'; the spies, the potential victims of betrayal.
ἀδικήσῃshould wrongAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀδικέωverb of the protasis→ aorist subjunctive (the contingent act of wronging)ἀδικέω: 'do wrong / injure / treat unjustly'; renders עָשַׁק/עָוָה; here of betraying or harming the spies — any breach of faith on Rahab's side that would release the spies from their oath.
ordisjunctive conjunctionἤ: 'or'; introduces the alternative form of betrayal — disclosure.
καὶevenadverbial (ascensive: 'or even')καί: here ascensive ('even'), in the combination ἢ καί ('or even') — heightening to the specific case of disclosure.
ἀποκαλύψῃshould discloseAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωverb of the protasis (coordinate with ἀδικήσῃ)→ aorist subjunctive (the contingent act of revealing)ἀποκαλύπτω: 'uncover / reveal / disclose'; the compound ἀπο- + καλύπτω ('cover'); to make known the spies' presence or plan; secrecy is thus the binding condition of the oath — betrayal of 'these words' would void it; the same verb is the root of ἀποκάλυψις ('revelation').
τοὺςtheAccusativearticleτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwords / mattersAccusativedirect object of ἀποκαλύψῃλόγος (acc. pl. λόγους): 'word / matter / affair'; renders דָּבָר; here 'these words/matters of ours' — the whole arrangement: the spies' presence, the escape, the cord, the plan; their disclosure would betray everyone.
ἡμῶνof oursGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying λόγους)ἐγώ (gen. pl.): 'of us / our'; the spies' confidential business.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying λόγους)οὗτος (acc. masc. pl. τούτους): 'these'; the demonstrative points to the specific terms just spoken.
ἐσόμεθαwe shall beFut Mid Indic 1 Pl · εἰμίmain verb of the apodosis→ predictive future (the consequence: exemption)εἰμί (fut. ἐσόμεθα): 'be'; the apodosis — in the case of betrayal, 'we shall be guiltless,' released from the oath.
ἀθῷοιguiltlessNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐσόμεθα)ἀθῷος: 'innocent / free of liability'; the third and final occurrence of the refrain — the conditions for the spies' exemption are now complete.
τῷtheDativearticleτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρκῳoathDativedative of respect (with ἀθῷοι)ὅρκος: 'oath'; the refrain τῷ ὅρκῳ σου τούτῳ closes the conditions (cf. vv. 17, 19).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possessionσου: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
τούτῳthisDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ὅρκῳ)οὗτος (dat. τούτῳ): 'this'; closes the threefold refrain that structures the spies' conditions.
21

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔστω καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτούς

And she said to them, 'According to your word, so let it be.' And she sent them away.

Ratification and dismissal (the covenant sealed)καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς
Rahab assents to all the conditions with the formula κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔστω ('according to your word, so be it') and sends the spies off (ἐξαπέστειλεν). The OG is here notably shorter than MT, which adds 'and she bound the scarlet cord in the window'; the Old Greek omits the cord-tying clause (the cord-instruction stands in v. 18), an instance of the consistently briefer Greek text of Joshua.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (Rahab's assent)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: Rahab agrees to the terms, sealing the covenant of deliverance.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect objectαὐτός (dat. pl.): 'to them'; the spies.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard)κατά + accusative: 'according to'; the idiom κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα ('according to the word') renders כַּדָּבָר, signalling full agreement with the stipulated terms.
τὸtheAccusativearticleτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατάῥῆμα: 'word / saying / matter'; renders דָּבָר; here the spies' stipulated conditions (vv. 17–20), to which Rahab assents in full.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ῥῆμα)σύ (gen. pl.): 'your'; the spies' word/terms.
οὕτωςso / thusadverb of manner (with ἔστω)οὕτως: 'so / thus'; οὕτως ἔστω ('so be it') is a formula of solemn agreement — the verbal sealing of the covenant.
ἔστωlet it bePres Act Impv 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (third-person imperative of assent)→ imperative of consent (let it stand so)εἰμί (impv. ἔστω): 'let it be'; the third-person imperative expresses Rahab's binding consent — 'so let it be,' ratifying the agreement.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξαπέστειλενsent awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb (the dismissal of the spies)→ constative aorist (completed act of sending off)ἐξαποστέλλω: 'send away / dismiss'; the intensive compound ἐξαπο-; Rahab now 'sends off' the spies — the chapter's third sending (cf. Joshua's ἀπέστειλεν v. 1, the king's v. 3); it is Rahab's sending-out of the messengers that Jas 2:25 names as her justifying work (ἑτέρᾳ ὁδῷ ἐκβαλοῦσα).
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐξαπέστειλεναὐτός (acc. pl.): 'them'; the spies, sent off to the hill country.
22

καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν καὶ ἤλθοσαν εἰς τὴν ὀρεινὴν καὶ κατέμειναν ἐκεῖ τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἐξεζήτησαν οἱ καταδιώκοντες πάσας τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ οὐχ εὕροσαν

And they went and came to the hill country and remained there three days; and the pursuers searched all the roads and did not find them.

Fulfilment of Rahab's counsel (the escape succeeds)καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν καὶ ἤλθοσαν
The spies do exactly as Rahab directed (v. 16): they go to the hill country and stay three days; meanwhile the search party combs every road in vain. The chain of aorists (ἐπορεύθησαν, ἤλθοσαν, κατέμειναν) marks the orderly success of the plan, and the failed search (οὐχ εὕροσαν) confirms the providential protection that has attended Rahab's stratagem from the start.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπορεύθησανthey wentAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · πορεύομαιmain verb (departure of the spies)→ constative aorist (completed journey)πορεύομαι (aor. pass. dep.): 'go / journey'; the spies set out as Rahab counselled — fulfilling the imperative ἀπέλθετε and the future ἀπελεύσεσθε of v. 16.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἤλθοσανthey cameAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (arrival in the hill country)→ constative aorist (completed arrival)ἔρχομαι: 'come / go'; the Alexandrian -οσαν ending (ἤλθοσαν, for classical ἦλθον) is again characteristic of LXX Joshua (cf. εἰσήλθοσαν v. 1; ἐξήλθοσαν v. 7).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινὴνhill countryAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (substantivized adjective)ὀρεινή: 'hill country'; the highlands Rahab named in v. 16, opposite the direction of the pursuers (the Jordan, v. 7); the spies hide exactly where she told them.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατέμεινανthey remainedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταμένωmain verb (the three-day wait)→ constative aorist (completed stay)καταμένω: 'remain / stay / abide'; the compound κατα- intensifies the sense of settled waiting; the spies stay the prescribed three days (v. 16) until the danger passes.
ἐκεῖthereadverb of placeἐκεῖ: 'there'; in the hill country.
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying ἡμέρας)τρεῖς: 'three'; the three days exactly fulfil Rahab's instruction (v. 16, τρεῖς ἡμέρας).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration of timeἡμέρα: 'day'; accusative of extent — 'for three days.'
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξεζήτησανsearched outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκζητέωmain verb (the futile search)→ constative aorist (completed but fruitless search)ἐκζητέω: 'search out / seek diligently'; the intensive ἐκ- marks a thorough search; renders בָּקֵשׁ/דָּרַשׁ; the pursuers scour every road but in vain — the irony that they search the very roads Rahab pointed them to (v. 5), while the spies hide the opposite way.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταδιώκοντεςthe pursuersPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · καταδιώκωsubstantival participle (subject of ἐξεζήτησαν)→ imperfective participleκαταδιώκω: 'pursue'; οἱ καταδιώκοντες ('the pursuers') for the last time names the search party that Rahab's misdirection has defeated (cf. vv. 7, 16).
πάσαςallAccusativeadjective (modifying ὁδούς)πᾶς (acc. fem. pl. πάσας): 'all'; they search 'all the roads' — an exhaustive but fruitless effort.
τὰςtheAccusativearticleτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςroadsAccusativedirect object of ἐξεζήτησανὁδός (acc. pl. ὁδούς): 'road / way'; the roads toward the Jordan (cf. v. 7), searched in vain because the spies took the opposite route.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὐχnotnegative particle (with εὕροσαν)οὐ (form οὐχ before rough breathing): 'not'; negates the search's outcome.
εὕροσανthey foundAor Act Indic 3 Pl · εὑρίσκωmain verb (the failed result of the search)→ constative aorist (completed non-finding)εὑρίσκω: 'find'; again with the Alexandrian -οσαν ending (εὕροσαν, for classical εὗρον); the negated result οὐχ εὕροσαν ('they did not find them') marks the complete success of Rahab's plan and the spies' deliverance.
23

καὶ ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι καὶ κατέβησαν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους καὶ διέβησαν πρὸς Ἰησοῦν υἱὸν Ναυη καὶ διηγήσαντο αὐτῷ πάντα τὰ συμβεβηκότα αὐτοῖς

And the two young men returned and came down from the mountain and crossed over to Joshua son of Nun, and they recounted to him all that had happened to them.

Resolution: the spies report back to Joshuaκαὶ ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι
The narrative comes full circle: οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι ('the two young men') of v. 1 now return, descend from the mountain, cross the Jordan (διέβησαν — the same crossings, διαβάσεις, of v. 7), and report to Joshua son of Nun (the inclusio with v. 1). The string of aorists traces the homeward journey; διηγήσαντο ('they recounted in full') introduces the climactic report of v. 24.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ὑπέστρεψανreturnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὑποστρέφωmain verb (the spies' return)→ constative aorist (completed return)ὑποστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the spies begin their journey home, completing the mission of v. 1.
οἱtheNominativearticleοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (modifying νεανίσκοι)δύο: 'two'; indeclinable; the phrase οἱ δύο νεανίσκοι forms an inclusio with v. 1, framing the episode.
νεανίσκοιyoung menNominativesubject of ὑπέστρεψαννεανίσκος: 'young man'; the same designation as v. 1, closing the narrative frame around the two scouts.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατέβησανcame downAor Act Indic 3 Pl · καταβαίνωmain verb (descent from the hills)→ constative aorist (completed descent)καταβαίνω: 'go down / descend'; the antonym of ἀναβαίνω (Joshua's command 'go up,' v. 1); the spies come down from the hill country toward the Jordan valley.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticleτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive object of ἐκὄρος (gen. ὄρους): 'mountain / hill'; the hill country (ἡ ὀρεινή) of vv. 16, 22, here called τὸ ὄρος; the place of safe hiding now left behind.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διέβησανcrossed overAor Act Indic 3 Pl · διαβαίνωmain verb (crossing the Jordan)→ constative aorist (completed crossing)διαβαίνω: 'cross over / pass through'; the spies recross the Jordan to the camp at Shittim; the verb is cognate with the διαβάσεις ('fords/crossings') of v. 7 — they cross by the very fords toward which they had sent the pursuers.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward a person)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἸησοῦνJoshuaAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςἸησοῦς (acc. Ἰησοῦν): 'Joshua'; the spies report back to the one who sent them (v. 1), closing the inclusio.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ἰησοῦνυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; the patronymic 'son of Nun' repeats v. 1, reinforcing the frame.
Ναυηof Nungenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)Ναυη: indeclinable; 'Nun,' Joshua's father (cf. v. 1).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διηγήσαντοthey recountedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · διηγέομαιmain verb (the report to Joshua)→ constative aorist (completed narration)διηγέομαι: 'narrate / recount in full / relate'; the compound δια- conveys a thorough telling; the spies give Joshua a complete account, leading to the verdict of v. 24.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object (Joshua)αὐτός (dat. masc.): 'to him'; Joshua, the recipient of the report.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying τὰ συμβεβηκότα)πᾶς (acc. neut. pl. πάντα): 'all'; the full extent of their experiences — nothing omitted.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing the participle)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμβεβηκόταthings that had happenedPerf Act Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · συμβαίνωsubstantival participle (object of διηγήσαντο: 'all that had befallen')→ resultative perfect participle (the events that had come to pass and stood)συμβαίνω: 'happen / come to pass / befall'; the articular perfect participle τὰ συμβεβηκότα ('the things having happened') is a common idiom for 'events / experiences'; the perfect stresses the settled, reportable totality of what occurred.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of reference (with συμβεβηκότα: 'happened to them')αὐτός (dat. pl.): 'to them'; the spies, to whom the events befell — the idiom συμβαίνω + dative ('happen to someone').
24

καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς Ἰησοῦν ὅτι παρέδωκεν κύριος πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἐν χειρὶ ἡμῶν καὶ κατέπτηκεν πᾶς ὁ κατοικῶν τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην ἀφ᾿ ἡμῶν

And they said to Joshua, 'The LORD has given all the land into our hand, and everyone who dwells in that land cowers before us.'

Verdict: the theological conclusion of the reconnaissanceκαὶ εἶπαν πρὸς Ἰησοῦν
The spies' report distills the whole episode into a confession that echoes Rahab's own (v. 9): παρέδωκεν κύριος πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ('the LORD has given over all the land') — note δέδωκεν/παρέδωκεν, the divine gift now reported as fact — and κατέπτηκεν πᾶς ὁ κατοικῶν ('everyone who dwells cowers'), matching her ἐπιπέπτωκεν ... ὁ φόβος ὑμῶν. A Gentile prostitute's faith has supplied Israel's spies their report; her confession becomes their verdict. Rahab's wider NT reception: faith that saved her (Heb 11:31), works that justified her (Jas 2:25), and a place in the Messiah's genealogy (Matt 1:5).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (the spies' report)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω (Hellenistic εἶπαν): introduces the climactic verdict of the reconnaissance.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἸησοῦνJoshuaAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςἸησοῦς (acc. Ἰησοῦν): 'Joshua'; the recipient of the report.
ὅτιthatconjunction (recitative/declarative, introducing the report)ὅτι: 'that'; here introducing the content of the report (recitative ὅτι, equivalent to a colon).
παρέδωκενhas given overAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb of the report (the divine gift of the land)→ constative aorist (the accomplished divine handover)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over / deliver up'; the spies' παρέδωκεν echoes both Rahab's δέδωκεν (v. 9) and her conditional παραδῷ (v. 14) — what she confessed by faith they now report as the verdict of their mission; the gift of the land is the chapter's controlling theme.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of παρέδωκενκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; YHWH is the giver of the land — the spies attribute the coming conquest to him, not to military intelligence.
πᾶσανallAccusativeadjective (modifying γῆν)πᾶς (acc. fem. sg. πᾶσαν): 'all / whole'; 'all the land' — the totality of the territory promised, given over to Israel.
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of παρέδωκενγῆ: 'land'; the object of the spying (vv. 1–3), of Rahab's confession (v. 9), and now of the spies' verdict — the land is given.
ἐνintopreposition + dative (idiomatic: 'into the hand')ἐν χειρί: 'into/in the hand'; the Hebraism בְּיַד ('into the hand of') denotes power and possession — the land is delivered into Israel's control.
χειρὶhandDativedative with ἐν (in the idiom ἐν χειρί)χείρ (dat. χειρί): 'hand'; in the idiom ἐν χειρὶ ἡμῶν ('into our hand') it signifies dominion granted — the conquest is assured because YHWH has handed the land over.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying χειρί)ἐγώ (gen. pl.): 'our'; Israel's hand, into which the land is given.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατέπτηκενcowers / is terrifiedPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · καταπτήσσωmain verb (the inhabitants' terror)→ resultative perfect (has cowered and remains in dread)καταπτήσσω: 'cower / crouch in fear / be terrified'; the compound κατα- + πτήσσω ('crouch/cringe'); the perfect κατέπτηκεν depicts the inhabitants as gripped by abiding terror — the spies' report confirms by observation what Rahab confessed (v. 9, ἐπιπέπτωκεν ... ὁ φόβος; v. 11, ἐξέστημεν τῇ καρδίᾳ).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of κατέπτηκεν, with the participle)πᾶς: 'everyone / all'; πᾶς ὁ κατοικῶν ('everyone dwelling') universalizes the terror — not one inhabitant is exempt, exactly as Rahab said (v. 11, ἐν οὐδενὶ ἡμῶν).
theNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικῶνdwelling / inhabitantPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · κατοικέωsubstantival participle (with πᾶς: 'everyone who dwells')→ imperfective participle (those inhabiting the land)κατοικέω: 'dwell / inhabit / settle'; the articular participle ὁ κατοικῶν ('the one inhabiting') with πᾶς denotes the whole population of Canaan, all of whom cower before Israel — the same verb echoes Exod 15:15 (οἱ κατοικοῦντες Χανααν).
τὴνtheAccusativearticleτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατοικῶνγῆ: 'land'; the object of κατοικέω — 'who inhabit that land'; κατοικέω here takes a direct accusative ('inhabit'), a common LXX construction.
ἐκείνηνthatAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying γῆν)ἐκεῖνος (acc. fem. ἐκείνην): 'that'; the demonstrative distances 'that land' from the speakers' present standpoint east of the Jordan — the land soon to be entered.
ἀφ᾿before / frompreposition + genitive (elided before rough breathing)ἀπό (elided ἀφ᾿ before the aspirated ἡμῶν): 'from / before'; here 'cowers before/away from us' — the inhabitants shrink back in dread at Israel's approach.
ἡμῶνusGenitivegenitive object of ἀφ᾿ἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'us'; Israel, before whom the whole land cowers — the spies' report ends, like Rahab's confession, with the terror of the nations confirming that YHWH has given the land.