Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Joshua, Chapter 21ΙΗΣΟΥΣ ΝΑΥΗ ΚΑ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The Levites receive their cities, and the Lord fulfills every good word spoken to Israel.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Joshua 21 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Joshua 21 narrates the allotment of the forty-eight Levitical cities with their pasturelands assigned by lot from within the inheritances of the other tribes — the structural conclusion of the land-distribution that began in ch. 13. The Aaronic priests (the Kohathite line of Aaron) receive thirteen cities from Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin (vv. 9–19); the remaining Kohathites ten (vv. 20–26); the Gershonites thirteen (vv. 27–33); the Merarites twelve (vv. 34–40), for a total of forty-eight (vv. 41–42). The LXX of Joshua employs two different renderings for the Levitical 'pasturelands': περισπόρια ('surrounding sown-lands / grazing-grounds', renders Hebrew מִגְרָשׁ; vv. 2, 3, 8, 11, 34–41) and the substantivized participle τὰ ἀφωρισμένα ('the set-apart lands'; vv. 13–32), the latter formed from ἀφορίζω; the alternation reflects the composite character of the Greek translation. The recurring designation πόλις φυγαδευτήριον / φυγαδευτήριον τῷ φονεύσαντι ('city of refuge for the one who has killed') links this chapter to the cities of asylum of ch. 20 (cf. Num 35). At v. 42 the LXX preserves a substantial plus (marked [a]–[d] in critical editions, here integrated without the apparatus sigla) narrating that Joshua finished dividing the land, received his own inheritance at Thamnasarach in the hill-country of Ephraim, rebuilt and dwelt in the city, and deposited there the flint knives of the circumcision at Gilgal (cf. 5:2–3; 24:30 LXX) — material absent from the Masoretic Text. The chapter culminates in the great fulfillment summary of vv. 43–45: κύριος gave Israel all the land he swore to the fathers, gave them rest on every side (κατέπαυσεν … κυκλόθεν), and οὐ διέπεσεν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν καλῶν … πάντα παρεγένετο — 'not one of all the good words failed; all came to pass' — the theological capstone of the entire conquest narrative and a touchstone of biblical covenant-faithfulness (cf. 23:14; 1 Kgs 8:56).

1

καὶ προσήλθοσαν οἱ ἀρχιπατριῶται τῶν υἱῶν Λευι πρὸς Ελεαζαρ τὸν ἱερέα καὶ πρὸς Ἰησοῦν τὸν τοῦ Ναυη καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιφύλους πατριῶν ἐκ τῶν φυλῶν Ισραηλ

And the heads of the fathers' houses of the sons of Levi approached Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun and the heads of the families from the tribes of Israel.

New narrative episode (main line): the Levites' petitionκαὶ προσήλθοσαν
The chapter opens with paratactic καί and the aorist προσήλθοσαν (a Hellenistic -οσαν ending) marking a formal approach to the leadership triumvirate — Eleazar the priest, Joshua, and the tribal heads — the same delegation-structure that governs the whole land-allotment from 14:1 and 17:4. The Levites alone have no territorial inheritance, so their claim must be brought to the authorities who administer the lot.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
προσήλθοσανapproachedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb (formal approach to authorities)→ constative aorist (single completed approach)προσέρχομαι: 'come to / approach'; renders נָגַשׁ / קָרַב; the form προσήλθοσαν uses the Hellenistic third-plural aorist ending -οσαν (for -ον), common in the LXX; the verb frames a formal petition before the land-allotment authorities.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἀρχιπατριῶται)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχιπατριῶταιheads of fathers' housesNominativesubjectἀρχιπατριώτης: 'chief of a paternal clan / head of a fathers' house'; a LXX compound (ἀρχι- + πατριά) rendering רָאשֵׁי הָאָבוֹת; the term designates the clan-leaders empowered to represent the tribe of Levi in the inheritance proceedings.
τῶνof theGenitivearticleτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (partitive/possessive: 'of the sons of Levi')υἱός: 'son'; the idiom οἱ υἱοὶ Λευι ('the sons of Levi') is the standard LXX designation of the Levitical tribe, rendering בְּנֵי לֵוִי.
ΛευιLevigenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)Λευι: transliteration of Hebrew לֵוִי; indeclinable in the LXX; the eponymous ancestor of the priestly-Levitical tribe whose landless status is the premise of this chapter (cf. 13:14, 33).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of approach)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΕλεαζαρEleazaraccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)Ελεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר; indeclinable; Aaron's son and successor as high priest (Num 20:25–28), the senior figure in the allotment commission (cf. Josh 14:1; 19:51).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (in apposition to Ελεαζαρ)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέαpriestAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('Eleazar the priest')ἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; identifies Eleazar by his cultic office, the authority by which the sacred lot is administered.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἸησοῦνJoshuaAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςἸησοῦς: the LXX form of Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ ('Joshua'); declined as a contract noun (acc. Ἰησοῦν, gen./dat. Ἰησοῦ/Ἰησοῖ); the same Greek name later renders 'Jesus' in the NT, a typological link noted already by early Christian readers (cf. Heb 4:8).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (substantizing the patronymic)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (patronymic genitive: 'the son of Nun')τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαυηNungenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)Ναυη: the LXX transliteration of Hebrew נוּן ('Nun'), Joshua's father; indeclinable; the Greek title Ἰησοῦς (υἱὸς) Ναυη is so fixed that it names the book itself (ΙΗΣΟΥΣ ΝΑΥΗ).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀρχιφύλους)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχιφύλουςtribal chiefsAccusativeaccusative object of πρόςἀρχίφυλος: 'tribal chief / head of a tribe'; a LXX compound (ἀρχι- + φυλή) rendering רָאשֵׁי / נְשִׂיאֵי הַמַּטּוֹת; with Eleazar and Joshua these complete the three-fold administering body.
πατριῶνof familiesGenitivegenitive (defining: 'chiefs of the fathers' houses')πατριά: 'paternal clan / fathers' house'; renders אָבוֹת / מִשְׁפָּחָה; the genitive specifies the sphere over which the ἀρχίφυλοι preside.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/origin)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῶν)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribes')φυλή: 'tribe'; renders שֵׁבֶט / מַטֶּה; the standard LXX term for the twelve tribal units of Israel.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribes of Israel')Ισραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the corporate nation whose tribal lands will furnish the Levitical cities.
2

καὶ εἶπον πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐν Σηλω ἐν γῇ Χανααν λέγοντες ἐνετείλατο κύριος ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ δοῦναι ἡμῖν πόλεις κατοικεῖν καὶ τὰ περισπόρια τοῖς κτήνεσιν ἡμῶν

And they spoke to them in Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, 'The LORD commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in and the pasturelands for our livestock.'

Direct speech: the Levites' formal claim (subordinate to v. 1)καὶ εἶπον
The petition is set ἐν Σηλω ἐν γῇ Χανααν — Shiloh, the cultic centre where the tent of meeting stood (18:1) and where the later allotments were made. The claim rests not on the Levites' own will but on a prior divine command mediated through Moses (ἐνετείλατο κύριος ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ, the Hebraism בְּיַד מֹשֶׁה), grounding the request in covenant law (Num 35:1–8).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἶπονthey saidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single completed utterance)λέγω (aor. εἶπον): 'say / speak'; the third-plural εἶπον introduces the Levites' collective petition; followed pleonastically by λέγοντες, a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)πρὸς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the authorities of v. 1)αὐτός: 'he/they'; the accusative αὐτούς refers to Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal heads addressed in the petition.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΣηλωShilohdative of place (indeclinable toponym)Σηλω: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁלֹה ('Shiloh'); indeclinable; the sanctuary-town in Ephraim where the tent of meeting was pitched (18:1) and the remaining tribal lots were cast (18:8–10); the administrative-cultic centre of the allotment.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative)γῆ: 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; the phrase ἐν γῇ Χανααν locates Shiloh within the promised land, underscoring that the inheritance is now being apportioned in the territory itself.
ΧαναανCanaangenitive of apposition (indeclinable toponym: 'land of Canaan')Χανααν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּנַעַן ('Canaan'); indeclinable; the land promised to the patriarchs, now possessed by Israel.
λέγοντεςsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Pl · λέγωcircumstantial participle (pleonastic speech-marker introducing direct discourse)→ participle of attendant circumstance (speech-marker)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγοντες after a verb of speaking is a Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר, the standard particle introducing quoted speech; it adds no new content but marks the transition to direct discourse.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb of quoted speech (divine command)→ constative aorist (past authoritative command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / enjoin / give orders'; renders צִוָּה; the verb grounds the Levites' claim in the binding Mosaic legislation of Num 35:1–8; the middle voice is the standard LXX form for divine commanding.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (divine commander)κύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject identifies the ultimate author of the Levitical-cities legislation — the claim is not human convention but divine decree.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by the hand of')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
χειρὶhandDativedative of means (Hebraism: 'by the hand of Moses')χείρ: 'hand'; the idiom ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ renders בְּיַד מֹשֶׁה ('by the hand/agency of Moses'), a Hebraism designating Moses as the mediating instrument of the divine command.
ΜωυσῆMosesGenitivegenitive of relationship (with χειρί: 'the hand of Moses')Μωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ); the law-giver through whom the Levitical-cities ordinance was delivered.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive (content of the command)→ constative aorist infinitiveδίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the aorist infinitive δοῦναι expresses the content of what the LORD commanded — the granting of cities and pasturelands to the Levites.
ἡμῖνto usDativedative indirect object (the Levite petitioners)ἐγώ (pl. ἡμεῖς): the first-plural dative ἡμῖν marks the Levites themselves as the beneficiaries of the command.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of δοῦναιπόλις: 'city / town'; renders עִיר; the key term of the chapter — the Levites receive scattered cities rather than a contiguous tribal territory, distributing them throughout Israel.
κατοικεῖνto dwell inPres Act Inf · κατοικέωinfinitive of purpose (cities 'to dwell in')→ imperfectiveκατοικέω: 'dwell / settle / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; the epexegetic infinitive specifies the cities' function — residence, since the Levites have no agricultural inheritance of their own.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (second object of δοῦναι)περισπόριον: 'surrounding sown-land / grazing-ground / pastureland'; a LXX compound (περί + σπόρος, 'sowing round about') rendering Hebrew מִגְרָשׁ ('open land / common'); the strip of common land encircling each Levitical city for pasturing livestock (cf. Num 35:2–5); the chapter later varies this term with τὰ ἀφωρισμένα (vv. 13–32).
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κτήνεσιν)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνεσινlivestockDativedative of advantage ('for our livestock')κτῆνος: 'beast / domestic animal / livestock'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the pasturelands serve the Levites' herds and flocks, their chief economic resource in lieu of farmland.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of possession ('our livestock')ἐγώ (pl. ἡμεῖς): first-plural genitive marking the livestock as belonging to the Levite petitioners.
3

καὶ ἔδωκαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τοῖς Λευίταις ἐν τῷ κατακληρονομεῖν διὰ προστάγματος κυρίου τὰς πόλεις καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῶν

And the sons of Israel gave to the Levites, in the apportioning, by the ordinance of the LORD, the cities and their pasturelands.

Main narrative: Israel's compliance with the petitionκαὶ ἔδωκαν
The narrative resolves the petition at once: Israel gives the cities διὰ προστάγματος κυρίου ('through the ordinance of the LORD'), echoing the ἐνετείλατο κύριος of v. 2 and framing the whole transaction as covenant-obedience. The articular infinitive ἐν τῷ κατακληρονομεῖν situates the giving within the larger ongoing process of apportioning the land by lot.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκανgaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (Israel's act of granting)→ constative aorist (completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the third-plural ἔδωκαν makes the sons of Israel the corporate grantors, fulfilling the command of v. 2.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject ('the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ is the standard LXX corporate designation of the nation, rendering בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative indirect object (recipients)Λευίτης: 'Levite'; renders לֵוִי; the gentilic for members of the tribe of Levi as recipients of the cities; distinct from the eponymous ancestor Λευι (v. 1).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (with articular infinitive: temporal/circumstantial)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive κατακληρονομεῖν)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακληρονομεῖνapportioning by lotPres Act Inf · κατακληρονομέωarticular infinitive (ἐν τῷ + inf.: temporal, 'in/during the apportioning')κατακληρονομέω: 'distribute/possess by inheritance, apportion by lot'; renders נָחַל / יָרַשׁ; the articular infinitive ἐν τῷ κατακληρονομεῖν is a LXX temporal construction ('while/when apportioning'), placing the Levitical grant within the wider lot-distribution of chs. 13–19.
διὰthrough / bypreposition + genitive (means: 'by the ordinance')διὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
προστάγματοςordinance / commandGenitivegenitive object of διά (instrumental: 'by the ordinance of the LORD')πρόσταγμα: 'ordinance / decree / command'; renders פֶּה / מִצְוָה; διὰ προστάγματος κυρίου echoes ἐνετείλατο κύριος (v. 2), stressing that the grant executes a divine decree, not merely human goodwill.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (source: 'ordinance of the LORD')κύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive κυρίου identifies the LORD as the authority behind the πρόσταγμα that governs the whole transaction.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεις)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανπόλις: 'city'; renders עִיר; the cities granted to the Levites, enumerated by group in the following verses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with πόλεις)περισπόριον: 'pastureland / surrounding common'; rendering מִגְרָשׁ; the grazing-strips that accompany each city (see v. 2).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their pasturelands', i.e. of the cities)αὐτός: the genitive αὐτῶν refers back to the cities — the pasturelands belonging to them.
4

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος τῷ δήμῳ Κααθ καὶ ἐγένετο τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν τοῖς Λευίταις ἀπὸ φυλῆς Ιουδα καὶ ἀπὸ φυλῆς Συμεων καὶ ἀπὸ φυλῆς Βενιαμιν κληρωτὶ πόλεις δέκα τρεῖς

And the lot came out for the clan of Kohath, and it fell to the sons of Aaron, the priests, the Levites: from the tribe of Judah and from the tribe of Simeon and from the tribe of Benjamin, by lot, thirteen cities.

Main narrative: the first lot (Kohathite-Aaronic division)καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος
The casting of lots begins. ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ('the lot came out') is the technical LXX idiom for a lot-result (cf. 19:1). Precedence goes to the Kohathites and within them to the Aaronic priests, who alone may serve at the altar; their thirteen cities are drawn from the three southern tribes (Judah, Simeon, Benjamin) surrounding the future Jerusalem and the central sanctuary — fittingly the priestly heartland.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξῆλθενcame outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (lot-result idiom)→ constative aorist (single lot-drawing)ἐξέρχομαι: 'come/go out'; the idiom ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος ('the lot came out') renders יָצָא הַגּוֹרָל, the technical phrase for a lot falling to a party (cf. 19:1, 17); the lot signals divine, not human, determination of each allotment.
theNominativearticle (with κλῆρος)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubject ('the lot came out')κλῆρος: 'lot / portion / allotment'; renders גּוֹרָל; the sacred lot by which the land was divided 'before the LORD' (18:6); here it determines which tribes will surrender cities to which Levitical group.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with δήμῳ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμῳclanDativedative of advantage ('for the clan of Kohath')δῆμος: 'people / clan / district'; in LXX Joshua renders מִשְׁפָּחָה ('clan / family-group'); the Levitical tribe is subdivided into the clans of Kohath, Gershon, and Merari (the three sons of Levi).
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable clan-name: 'clan of Kohath')Κααθ: transliteration of Hebrew קְהָת ('Kohath'); indeclinable; the second son of Levi and ancestor of both Aaron's priestly line and Moses (Exod 6:16–20); his clan receives precedence in the lot.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγένετοit fell / came to beAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (result of the lot for the Aaronic priests)→ constative aorist (settled outcome)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be / fall (to one's portion)'; renders הָיָה; here ἐγένετο τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων means the lot 'fell to / came to be for' the Aaronites — the allotment is realized as their possession.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('to the sons of Aaron')υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ααρων is the standard designation of the Aaronic priesthood, the privileged sub-line of the Kohathites.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Aaron')Ααρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן ('Aaron'); indeclinable; Moses' brother and Israel's first high priest, whose descendants alone may officiate at the altar (Exod 28; Num 18).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (in apposition: 'the priests')τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsDativedative in apposition to υἱοῖς Ααρωνἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the appositional 'the priests, the Levites' distinguishes the Aaronic priests from the wider Levitical body and explains their priority in the lot.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (in apposition: 'the Levites')τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative in apposition (further specifying the recipients)Λευίτης: 'Levite'; the doubled apposition 'the priests, the Levites' situates the Aaronites within the larger tribe of Levi while marking their cultic distinction.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the tribe of Judah')φυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה; the cities are drawn from the territories of the surrendering tribes — here the three southern tribes.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Judah')Ιουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה ('Judah'); indeclinable; the largest southern tribe, whose territory will contain Hebron and the future Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΣυμεωνSimeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Simeon')Συμεων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן ('Simeon'); indeclinable; Simeon's inheritance lay within Judah's (19:1, 9), so its cities are effectively part of the southern priestly zone.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Benjamin')Βενιαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין ('Benjamin'); indeclinable; the small tribe just north of Judah, completing the southern triad that supplies the priestly cities.
κληρωτὶby lotadverb of manner ('by lot / by allotment')κληρωτί: 'by lot / by allotment'; a LXX adverb formed from κλῆρος; it reiterates that the assignment of cities was determined by the sacred lot, recurring as a refrain (vv. 5, 6, 7, 8).
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative of extent/result (number of cities allotted)πόλις: 'city'; the count of thirteen priestly cities, itemized in vv. 13–18 and summed at v. 19.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable, with τρεῖς: 'thirteen')δέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal; combined with τρεῖς ('δέκα τρεῖς' = thirteen), the LXX's analytic way of expressing the compound number.
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (with δέκα: 'thirteen', agreeing with πόλεις)τρεῖς: 'three'; declinable cardinal agreeing with πόλεις; δέκα τρεῖς ('thirteen') is the total of priestly cities (cf. v. 19).
5

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Κααθ τοῖς καταλελειμμένοις ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Εφραιμ καὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Δαν καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση κληρωτὶ πόλεις δέκα

And to the sons of Kohath who remained, from the tribe of Ephraim and from the tribe of Dan and from the half of the tribe of Manasseh, by lot, ten cities.

Continued allotment: the remaining (non-Aaronic) Kohathitesκαὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Κααθ
The Kohathite clans not descended from Aaron (τοῖς καταλελειμμένοις, 'the ones left over') receive ten cities from the central tribes — Ephraim, Dan, and western half-Manasseh. The distribution moves geographically northward from the priestly south, scattering Levites through the heartland.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('to the sons of Kohath')υἱός: 'son'; the sons of Kohath here are the non-priestly remainder of the clan, distinguished from the Aaronic sub-line of v. 4.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable clan-name)Κααθ: see v. 4; here the Kohathite families outside Aaron's priestly line.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with participle καταλελειμμένοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλελειμμένοιςwho remainedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Dat Masc Pl · καταλείπωattributive participle ('the ones left over / remaining')καταλείπω: 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the perfect passive participle τοῖς καταλελειμμένοις ('those left over') renders הַנּוֹתָרִים; it marks the Kohathite families remaining after the Aaronic priests have received their portion (v. 4).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Ephraim')φυλή: 'tribe'; here the surrendering tribes are the central ones.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Ephraim')Εφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם ('Ephraim'); indeclinable; the leading central tribe, Joshua's own (cf. v. 42), holding the hill-country around Shiloh and Shechem.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΔανDangenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Dan')Δαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן ('Dan'); indeclinable; the tribe originally allotted territory in the coastal plain west of Benjamin (19:40–48).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfGenitivegenitive ('from the half of the tribe of Manasseh')ἥμισυς: 'half'; renders חֲצִי; the western half-tribe of Manasseh settled in Canaan proper (the eastern half lay across the Jordan); 'the half of the tribe of Manasseh' is a recurring formula in the allotment lists.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining: 'half of the tribe')φυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Manasseh')Μανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה ('Manasseh'); indeclinable; Joseph's elder son, whose tribe was split between Cisjordan (the 'half' here) and Transjordan (Bashan/Gilead).
κληρωτὶby lotadverb of manner ('by lot')κληρωτί: 'by lot'; see v. 4; the refrain underscoring divine determination of each allotment.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative of extent (number allotted)πόλις: 'city'; ten cities for the remaining Kohathites (itemized vv. 20–25, summed v. 26).
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable, with πόλεις)δέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal; the total of cities for the non-Aaronic Kohathites.
6

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Γεδσων ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Ισσαχαρ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Ασηρ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση ἐν τῷ Βασαν πόλεις δέκα τρεῖς

And to the sons of Gershon, from the tribe of Issachar and from the tribe of Asher and from the tribe of Naphtali and from the half of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.

Continued allotment: the Gershonitesκαὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Γεδσων
The Gershonite clan receives thirteen cities from the four northern allotments — Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and eastern (Transjordanian) half-Manasseh in Bashan. The geography continues its northward sweep, placing Levites in the Galilean and Bashan regions far from the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('to the sons of Gershon')υἱός: 'son'; the Gershonites, descendants of Levi's firstborn son Gershon.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable clan-name)Γεδσων: LXX transliteration of Hebrew גֵּרְשׁוֹן ('Gershon'); indeclinable; Levi's eldest son and head of the second Levitical division (cf. Num 3:21–26).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΙσσαχαρIssachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Issachar')Ισσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר ('Issachar'); indeclinable; a northern tribe in the Jezreel valley.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΑσηρAshergenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Asher')Ασηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר ('Asher'); indeclinable; the coastal tribe of the far northwest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaligenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Naphtali')Νεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי ('Naphtali'); indeclinable; the northeastern tribe west of the upper Jordan and Lake Huleh.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfGenitivegenitive ('from the half of the tribe of Manasseh')ἥμισυς: 'half'; here the eastern (Transjordanian) half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, distinct from the western half of v. 5.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining: 'half of the tribe')φυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Μανασση: see v. 5; here the eastern half settled in Bashan.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Βασαν)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashandative of place (indeclinable toponym, with article)Βασαν: transliteration of Hebrew בָּשָׁן ('Bashan'); indeclinable; the fertile Transjordanian plateau north of Gilead, ruled formerly by Og (cf. Num 21:33), allotted to eastern Manasseh.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative of extent (number allotted)πόλις: 'city'; thirteen cities for the Gershonites (itemized vv. 27–32, summed v. 33).
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable, with τρεῖς: 'thirteen')δέκα: 'ten'; with τρεῖς, 'thirteen'.
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (with δέκα: 'thirteen', agreeing with πόλεις)τρεῖς: 'three'; δέκα τρεῖς = thirteen, the Gershonite total.
7

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Μεραρι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ἀπὸ φυλῆς Ρουβην καὶ ἀπὸ φυλῆς Γαδ καὶ ἀπὸ φυλῆς Ζαβουλων κληρωτὶ πόλεις δώδεκα

And to the sons of Merari, according to their clans, from the tribe of Reuben and from the tribe of Gad and from the tribe of Zebulun, by lot, twelve cities.

Continued allotment: the Merarites (completing the four divisions)καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Μεραρι
The fourth and final Levitical division, the Merarites, receives twelve cities from Reuben and Gad (the southern Transjordan) and Zebulun (the north). κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('according to their clans') marks the orderly sub-distribution. With this verse all four Levitical groups have their totals (13 + 10 + 13 + 12 = 48).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('to the sons of Merari')υἱός: 'son'; the Merarites, the third Levitical division descended from Levi's youngest son.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable clan-name)Μεραρι: transliteration of Hebrew מְרָרִי ('Merari'); indeclinable; Levi's third son, whose clan bore the framework of the tabernacle (Num 3:33–37).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to their clans')κατά + acc.: distributive 'according to / by'; κατὰ δήμους renders לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם, the standard allotment-formula for clan-by-clan distribution.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)δῆμος: 'clan / family-group'; see v. 4; the Merarite families subdivide the allotment among themselves.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their clans')αὐτός: genitive plural referring to the Merarites.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the tribe of Reuben')φυλή: 'tribe'; here the Transjordan and northern tribes supply the Merarite cities.
ΡουβηνReubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Reuben')Ρουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן ('Reuben'); indeclinable; Jacob's firstborn, whose tribe settled in southern Transjordan east of the Dead Sea.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΓαδGadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Gad')Γαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד ('Gad'); indeclinable; the Transjordan tribe in Gilead, north of Reuben.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπόφυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΖαβουλωνZebulungenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Zebulun')Ζαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן ('Zebulun'); indeclinable; a northern tribe in lower Galilee between the Jezreel valley and the hills of Naphtali.
κληρωτὶby lotadverb of manner ('by lot')κληρωτί: 'by lot'; see v. 4.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativeaccusative of extent (number allotted)πόλις: 'city'; twelve cities for the Merarites (itemized vv. 34–39, summed v. 40).
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable, with πόλεις)δώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable cardinal; the Merarite total, contrasted with the analytic δέκα δύο at v. 40.
8

καὶ ἔδωκαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τοῖς Λευίταις τὰς πόλεις καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῶν ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ κληρωτί

And the sons of Israel gave to the Levites the cities and their pasturelands, in the manner the LORD had commanded Moses, by lot.

Summary of the allotment (inclusio with v. 3)καὶ ἔδωκαν
This verse closes the lot-section by restating the grant of v. 3, now framed by the comparative ὃν τρόπον ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('just as the LORD commanded Moses') and capped by κληρωτί. The repetition forms an inclusio (vv. 3, 8) bracketing the casting of lots and stressing exact obedience to the Mosaic command (Num 35).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκανgaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (summary of the grant)→ constative aorist (completed grant, resuming v. 3)δίδωμι: 'give'; the repeated ἔδωκαν resumes v. 3, forming a summary inclusio around the lot-casting.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject ('the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the corporate grantors.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative indirect object (recipients)Λευίτης: 'Levite'; the recipients of the cities, here the whole tribe summarized.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεις)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανπόλις: 'city'; the forty-eight Levitical cities collectively.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with πόλεις)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to the cities.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: comparative idiom 'in the manner which')ὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') is a fixed LXX comparative idiom rendering כַּאֲשֶׁר.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative ('in the manner that')τρόπος: 'manner / way'; the accusative of manner ὃν τρόπον introduces the comparison with the Mosaic command.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of comparative clause (divine command)→ constative aorist (past command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; resumes v. 2; the giving of cities precisely fulfils the standing Mosaic ordinance.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατοκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD as commander, whose word governs the whole transaction.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object ('commanded Moses')Μωυσῆς: declined (dat. Μωυσῇ); the recipient of the original command (Num 35:1–8).
κληρωτίby lotadverb of manner ('by lot') closing the allotment-sectionκληρωτί: 'by lot'; the closing word seals the section, affirming that the whole distribution was determined by the sacred lot (see v. 4).
9

καὶ ἔδωκεν ἡ φυλὴ υἱῶν Ιουδα καὶ ἡ φυλὴ υἱῶν Συμεων καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Βενιαμιν τὰς πόλεις καὶ ἐπεκλήθησαν

And the tribe of the sons of Judah and the tribe of the sons of Simeon and from the tribe of the sons of Benjamin gave the cities, and they were assigned by name.

Begins the priestly city-list (detailing v. 4)καὶ ἔδωκεν
The narrative now itemizes the thirteen priestly cities. The three southern tribes give the cities, and ἐπεκλήθησαν ('they were called/assigned by name') introduces the naming of each city in the verses that follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the giving of the named cities)→ constative aorist (completed grant)δίδωμι: 'give'; the singular ἔδωκεν agrees with the nearest subject ἡ φυλή, though the sense is collective for the three tribes.
theNominativearticle (with φυλὴ)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὴtribeNominativesubject ('the tribe of the sons of Judah')φυλή: 'tribe'; nominative subject; the giving tribe of Judah.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'tribe of the sons of Judah')υἱός: 'son'; the periphrasis φυλὴ υἱῶν renders שֵׁבֶט בְּנֵי.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ιουδα: see v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
theNominativearticle (with φυλὴ)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὴtribeNominativesubject (coordinate: 'the tribe of the sons of Simeon')φυλή: 'tribe'; the second giving tribe.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΣυμεωνSimeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Συμεων: see v. 4.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the tribe of Benjamin')φυλή: 'tribe'; the construction shifts to ἀπό + genitive for Benjamin, whose cities are detailed separately in vv. 17–18.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining)υἱῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Βενιαμιν: see v. 4.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεις)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκενπόλις: 'city'; the priestly cities now to be named.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐπεκλήθησανthey were assigned by nameAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπικαλέωmain verb (the cities were named/designated)→ constative aorist passive (cities formally designated)ἐπικαλέω (aor. pass. ἐπεκλήθησαν): 'call upon / name / designate'; the passive here means the cities 'were called out / assigned by name' — a transition-marker introducing the catalogue of named cities that follows in vv. 11–18.
10

τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων ἀπὸ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Κααθ τῶν υἱῶν Λευι ὅτι τούτοις ἐγενήθη ὁ κλῆρος

to the sons of Aaron, from the clan of Kohath of the sons of Levi — for to these the lot fell first.

Specification of the recipients (with causal ὅτι-clause)τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων
The verse specifies that the named cities go to the Aaronic priests, Kohathites of Levi, with the causal ὅτι τούτοις ἐγενήθη ὁ κλῆρος ('because to these the lot came') explaining their precedence — the first lot fell to them, as stated in v. 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('to the sons of Aaron')υἱός: 'son'; the Aaronic priests as recipients of the named cities.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ααρων: see v. 4.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (origin: 'from the clan of Kohath')ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δήμου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμουclanGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the clan of Kohath')δῆμος: 'clan'; the Aaronites belong to the Kohathite clan, defining their place within the tribe.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Κααθ)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of apposition (indeclinable: 'the clan of Kohath')Κααθ: see v. 4.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'of the sons of Levi')υἱός: 'son'; situating the Kohathites within the sons of Levi.
ΛευιLevigenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Λευι: see v. 1.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (introducing reason for precedence)ὅτι: 'because / that'; here causal, explaining why the priests are named first — the lot came out for them first (v. 4).
τούτοιςto theseDativedative of advantage (demonstrative: 'to these', i.e. the Aaronites)οὗτος: the demonstrative τούτοις points back to the Aaronic priests as the first beneficiaries of the lot.
ἐγενήθηfell / came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of causal clause ('the lot fell to these')→ constative aorist (settled result of the lot)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'come to be / fall (to)'; ἐγενήθη ὁ κλῆρος echoes v. 4, confirming the priests' first place in the allotment.
theNominativearticle (with κλῆρος)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆροςlotNominativesubject ('the lot fell')κλῆρος: 'lot / allotment'; see v. 4; the sacred lot whose first result was the priestly cities.
11

καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς τὴν Καριαθαρβοκ μητρόπολιν τῶν Ενακ αὕτη ἐστὶν Χεβρων ἐν τῷ ὄρει Ιουδα τὰ δὲ περισπόρια κύκλῳ αὐτῆς

And he gave them Kiriath-Arba, the mother-city of the Anakim — this is Hebron — in the hill-country of Judah, and its pasturelands round about it.

First named city: Hebron/Kiriath-Arbaκαὶ ἔδωκεν
The first priestly city is the great southern stronghold Kiriath-Arba, glossed by the narrator's identification αὕτη ἐστὶν Χεβρων ('this is Hebron'). It is named μητρόπολις τῶν Ενακ ('mother-city of the Anak'), recalling the giant clans Caleb expelled (14:12–15). Notably it is also a city of refuge (cf. 20:7).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (granting the first city)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the implied subject is Israel / the giving tribe (cf. v. 9).
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object (the Aaronites)αὐτός: dative referring to the sons of Aaron of v. 10.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with the city-name Καριαθαρβοκ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαριαθαρβοκKiriath-Arbaaccusative object of ἔδωκεν (indeclinable toponym, with article)Καριαθαρβοκ: transliteration of Hebrew קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע ('Kiriath-Arba', 'city of Arba'); indeclinable; the ancient name of Hebron, named after Arba, greatest of the Anakim (cf. 14:15); the feminine article τήν reflects πόλις.
μητρόπολινmother-cityAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Καριαθαρβοκμητρόπολις: 'mother-city / chief city' (μήτηρ + πόλις); renders a Hebrew designation of the principal Anakite settlement; the term marks Hebron's preeminence among the cities of the giants.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with Ενακ)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνακAnakgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'of the Anak')Ενακ: transliteration of Hebrew עֲנָק ('Anak'); indeclinable; ancestor of the Anakim, the legendary giant clans of the Hebron region whose presence had terrified the spies (Num 13:33).
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (narratorial identification)οὗτος: 'this'; the feminine αὕτη introduces the narrator's gloss equating the old name with the current one.
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (narratorial identification: 'this is Hebron')→ gnomic present (standing identification)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula in the explanatory aside αὕτη ἐστὶν Χεβρων, a common LXX gloss equating archaic and contemporary place-names (cf. Gen 14:2–3).
ΧεβρωνHebronpredicate nominative (indeclinable toponym)Χεβρων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶבְרוֹן ('Hebron'); indeclinable; the patriarchal city in the Judean hills, burial place of the patriarchs (Gen 23), Caleb's inheritance, a city of refuge, and now a priestly city.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ὄρει)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill-countryDativedative of place ('in the hill-country of Judah')ὄρος: 'mountain / hill-country'; renders הַר ('the hill-country'); ἐν τῷ ὄρει Ιουδα designates the Judean highlands in which Hebron sits.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'hill-country of Judah')Ιουδα: see v. 4.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandmild continuative/contrastive (post-positive)δέ: post-positive particle; here lightly contrastive, distinguishing the city itself from its surrounding pasturelands.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativeaccusative (second object: pasturelands also given)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2; here described as lying κύκλῳ ('round about') the city, matching the concentric layout prescribed in Num 35:4–5.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb of place (dative of manner: 'round about it')κύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; an adverbial dative; describes the pasturelands encircling the city, the standard Levitical-city arrangement.
αὐτῆςof itGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ: 'round about it')αὐτός: genitive feminine referring to the city (πόλις/Χεβρων).
12

καὶ τοὺς ἀγροὺς τῆς πόλεως καὶ τὰς κώμας αὐτῆς ἔδωκεν Ἰησοῦς τοῖς υἱοῖς Χαλεβ υἱοῦ Ιεφοννη ἐν κατασχέσει

But the fields of the city and its villages Joshua gave to the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh as a possession.

Contrastive clarification: Caleb retains Hebron's fieldsκαὶ τοὺς ἀγροὺς
An important qualification: only the city proper and its pasturelands pass to the priests; the surrounding fields and villages remain Caleb's inheritance (cf. 14:13–14; 15:13). The LXX places τοὺς ἀγρούς first for emphasis, distinguishing civic-cultic holding from agricultural patrimony.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶbutnarrative conjunction (here contrastive in force)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀγροὺς)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροὺςfieldsAccusativefronted direct object of ἔδωκεν (emphatic position)ἀγρός: 'field / farmland / countryside'; renders שָׂדֶה; the agricultural land around Hebron, distinct from the city's pasturelands, remains Caleb's possession.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with πόλεως)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive (defining: 'fields of the city')πόλις: 'city'; the genitive marks the fields as appurtenant to Hebron.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κώμας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κώμαςvillagesAccusativedirect object (coordinate with ἀγροὺς)κώμη: 'village / hamlet'; renders חָצֵר / בַּת ('village / dependent settlement'); the satellite settlements of Hebron, also Caleb's.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its villages')αὐτός: genitive referring to the city.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Joshua's grant to Caleb's sons)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; here the subject is explicitly Ἰησοῦς, recalling the personal grant to Caleb in 14:13.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: see v. 1; nominative as subject of ἔδωκεν.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object ('to the sons of Caleb')υἱός: 'son'; Caleb's descendants, the rightful holders of Hebron's farmland.
ΧαλεβCalebgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Caleb')Χαλεβ: transliteration of Hebrew כָּלֵב ('Caleb'); indeclinable; the faithful spy who received Hebron as his inheritance for following the LORD fully (14:6–14).
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition ('Caleb son of Jephunneh')υἱός: 'son'; the patronymic identifying Caleb.
ΙεφοννηJephunnehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)Ιεφοννη: transliteration of Hebrew יְפֻנֶּה ('Jephunneh'); indeclinable; Caleb's father, the standard identifier of Caleb in the conquest narratives.
ἐνas / inpreposition + dative (predicate: 'as a possession')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
κατασχέσειpossessionDativedative (predicate of result: 'as/for a possession')κατάσχεσις: 'possession / holding'; renders אֲחֻזָּה ('hereditary possession'); the phrase ἐν κατασχέσει marks the fields as Caleb's permanent inheritance, contrasting with the priests' cultic right to the city itself.
13

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων τὴν πόλιν φυγαδευτήριον τῷ φονεύσαντι τὴν Χεβρων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα τὰ σὺν αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Λεμνα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα τὰ πρὸς αὐτῇ

And to the sons of Aaron they gave the city of refuge for the manslayer, Hebron, and its set-apart lands with it, and Libnah and its set-apart lands beside it,

Detailed priestly list begins; introduces the refuge-city and ἀφωρισμένα formulaκαὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ααρων
The list of priestly cities proper now unfolds. Hebron is designated πόλιν φυγαδευτήριον τῷ φονεύσαντι ('city of refuge for the one who has killed'), linking the priestly cities to the asylum-system of ch. 20. From here the chapter substitutes τὰ ἀφωρισμένα ('the set-apart lands') for περισπόρια as its term for the pasturelands — a refrain repeated for each city through v. 32.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object ('to the sons of Aaron')υἱός: 'son'; the priestly recipients, resuming v. 10.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ααρων: see v. 4.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object (implied 'they gave the city')πόλις: 'city'; the object of the implied giving, here specified as a city of refuge.
φυγαδευτήριονrefugeAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the city, a refuge')φυγαδευτήριον: 'place of refuge / asylum-city'; a LXX coinage (from φυγαδεύω, 'put to flight / banish') rendering עִיר מִקְלָט ('city of refuge'); the technical term for the six asylum-cities where an unintentional killer could flee (Num 35; Josh 20); six of the forty-eight Levitical cities served this dual function.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with participle φονεύσαντι)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσαντιfor the manslayerAor Act Ptcp Dat Masc Sg · φονεύωsubstantival participle (dative of advantage: 'for the one who killed')φονεύω: 'kill / slay / murder'; the aorist participle τῷ φονεύσαντι ('for the one who has killed') is the standard LXX designation of the manslayer eligible for asylum (cf. 20:3); the city of refuge protected him from the avenger of blood until trial.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Χεβρων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧεβρωνHebronaccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming the refuge-city)Χεβρων: see v. 11; the first and chief priestly refuge-city.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with participle ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (object: 'the set-apart lands')ἀφορίζω: 'set apart / mark off / separate'; the perfect passive participle τὰ ἀφωρισμένα ('the things set apart') is this chapter's alternate term for the Levitical pasturelands (= περισπόρια, v. 2), denoting land formally marked off as the city's common; the perfect stresses the settled, demarcated state.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with σὺν αὐτῇ)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with it')σύν: 'with'; the attributive phrase τὰ σὺν αὐτῇ ('the lands with it') specifies the pasturelands as appurtenant to the city.
αὐτῇitDativedative object of σύν ('with it')αὐτός: dative feminine referring to the city.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (next city)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Λεμνα)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛεμναLibnahaccusative object (indeclinable toponym, second priestly city)Λεμνα: LXX form of Hebrew לִבְנָה ('Libnah'); indeclinable; a town in the Judean Shephelah, the second priestly city.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (object: pasturelands of Libnah)ἀφορίζω: see above; the formula τὰ ἀφωρισμένα recurs for each named city.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with πρὸς αὐτῇ)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςbesidepreposition + dative (proximity: 'beside it')πρός + dat.: 'near / beside / at'; the variant τὰ πρὸς αὐτῇ ('those beside it') alternates with τὰ σὺν αὐτῇ and the simple αὐτῇ throughout the list.
αὐτῇitDativedative object of πρός ('beside it')αὐτός: dative feminine referring to Libnah.
14

καὶ τὴν Αιλωμ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Τεμα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

and Ailom and its set-apart lands, and Tema and its set-apart lands,

Continued priestly city-list (Judah/Simeon)καὶ τὴν Αιλωμ
The catalogue continues with the formulaic pattern 'city + καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ' ('and its set-apart lands'), each city paired with its pastureland. The toponyms are indeclinable transliterations corresponding to Jattir, Eshtemoa, etc. of the Hebrew list.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Αιλωμ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑιλωμAilomaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Αιλωμ: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew יַתִּיר / a Judean hill-town in the priestly list; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: dative feminine referring to the city; the simple αὐτῇ here replaces the fuller τὰ σὺν/πρὸς αὐτῇ.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Τεμα)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤεμαTemaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Τεμα: LXX form corresponding to a Judean priestly town (Eshtemoa/Eshtemoh); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: dative feminine referring to Tema.
15

καὶ τὴν Γελλα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Δαβιρ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

and Gella and its set-apart lands, and Dabir and its set-apart lands,

Continued priestly city-list (Judah/Simeon)καὶ τὴν Γελλα
Two more priestly towns with their pasturelands, continuing the fixed pattern; Δαβιρ (Debir) was itself a former Anakite stronghold conquered in the southern campaign (10:38–39; 15:15).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Γελλα)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓελλαGellaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γελλα: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew חֹלֹן / a Judean priestly town; indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: dative feminine referring to Gella.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Δαβιρ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαβιρDebiraccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Δαβιρ: transliteration of Hebrew דְּבִיר ('Debir', also Kiriath-Sepher); indeclinable; a former Anakite city in the Judean hills, captured by Othniel (15:15–17), now a priestly town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: dative feminine referring to Debir.
16

καὶ Ασα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Τανυ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Βαιθσαμυς καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις ἐννέα παρὰ τῶν δύο φυλῶν τούτων

and Asa and its set-apart lands, and Tany and its set-apart lands, and Baith-shemesh and its set-apart lands — nine cities from these two tribes;

Subtotal of the Judah/Simeon priestly cities (nine)καὶ Ασα
Three further towns close the Judah-Simeon section, summed as πόλεις ἐννέα παρὰ τῶν δύο φυλῶν τούτων ('nine cities from these two tribes'). The two tribes are Judah and Simeon; Benjamin's four cities follow in vv. 17–18, completing the priestly thirteen.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑσαAsaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym, here without article)Ασα: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew עַיִן / a Judean priestly town; indeclinable; from here the list often drops the article before the name.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Asa.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΤανυTanyaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Τανυ: LXX form corresponding to a Judean priestly town (Juttah/Yuttah in the Hebrew list); indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Tany.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΒαιθσαμυςBaith-shemeshaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Βαιθσαμυς: LXX form of Hebrew בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ ('Beth-shemesh', 'house of the sun'); indeclinable; a town on the Judah-Dan border, later prominent in the ark narrative (1 Kgdms 6).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Beth-shemesh.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('nine cities')πόλις: 'city'; the running subtotal of priestly cities from Judah and Simeon.
ἐννέαninenumeral (indeclinable, with πόλεις)ἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable cardinal; the nine cities supplied by Judah and Simeon.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the two tribes')παρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; marks the two tribes as the source of the nine cities.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῶν)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, with φυλῶν)δύο: 'two'; indeclinable cardinal; the two tribes being Judah and Simeon.
φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive object of παρά ('from these two tribes')φυλή: 'tribe'; the two tribes that together supplied nine of the priests' cities.
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying φυλῶν)οὗτος: 'these'; the genitive τούτων specifies Judah and Simeon just enumerated.
17

καὶ παρὰ τῆς φυλῆς Βενιαμιν τὴν Γαβαων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Γαθεθ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

and from the tribe of Benjamin: Gibeon and its set-apart lands, and Gatheth and its set-apart lands,

Benjamin's contribution to the priestly citiesκαὶ παρὰ τῆς φυλῆς Βενιαμιν
The list turns to Benjamin's cities. Gibeon, the great Hivite town that had tricked Israel into a treaty (ch. 9), is now a priestly city; later it housed the tabernacle (1 Chr 16:39). With Geba/Gatheth this begins Benjamin's four-city contribution.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the tribe of Benjamin')παρά + gen.: 'from'; marks Benjamin as the source of the next cities.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of παρά ('from the tribe of Benjamin')φυλή: 'tribe'; see v. 4.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Βενιαμιν: see v. 4.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Γαβαων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαβαωνGibeonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γαβαων: transliteration of Hebrew גִּבְעוֹן ('Gibeon'); indeclinable; the chief Hivite city whose covenant with Israel was won by deception (ch. 9); a major high place where the tabernacle and altar later stood (1 Chr 21:29).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Gibeon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓαθεθGathethaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γαθεθ: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew גֶּבַע ('Geba'); indeclinable; a Benjaminite town north of Jerusalem.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Gatheth.
18

καὶ Αναθωθ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Γαμαλα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Anathoth and its set-apart lands, and Gamala and its set-apart lands — four cities.

Subtotal of Benjamin's priestly cities (four)καὶ Αναθωθ
Anathoth, later the home town of the priest-prophet Jeremiah (Jer 1:1), and Almon/Gamala complete Benjamin's four priestly cities (πόλεις τέσσαρες). Nine (Judah/Simeon) plus four (Benjamin) yield the thirteen summed in v. 19.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑναθωθAnathothaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Αναθωθ: transliteration of Hebrew עֲנָתוֹת ('Anathoth'); indeclinable; a Benjaminite priestly town, later the home of Jeremiah (Jer 1:1) and Abiathar's place of exile (1 Kgs 2:26).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Anathoth.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓαμαλαGamalaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γαμαλα: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew עַלְמוֹן ('Almon'); indeclinable; the fourth Benjaminite priestly town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Gamala.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; the four cities supplied by Benjamin.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; declinable cardinal; the standard tribal-quota of cities recurring throughout the list (vv. 22, 24, 29, 31, 35, 37, 39).
19

πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις υἱῶν Ααρων τῶν ἱερέων δέκα τρεῖς

All the cities of the sons of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen.

Total of the priestly (Aaronic) citiesπᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις
A summary verse closing the Aaronic section: the priests' thirteen cities (πᾶσαι … δέκα τρεῖς), confirming the figure announced at v. 4. πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις ('all the cities') is the recurring summation-formula of the chapter (cf. vv. 26, 33, 40, 41).
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective ('all the cities')πᾶς: 'all / every'; the feminine plural πᾶσαι agrees with πόλεις; opens the totaling formula.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with πόλεις)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of implied copula ('all the cities … were thirteen')πόλις: 'city'; the priestly cities collectively.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive of possession ('cities of the sons of Aaron')υἱός: 'son'; the Aaronic priests as holders of these cities.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ααρων: see v. 4.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἱερέων, in apposition)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsGenitivegenitive in apposition ('the sons of Aaron, the priests')ἱερεύς: 'priest'; the appositional genitive reaffirms that these thirteen cities belong specifically to the priestly line.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable, with τρεῖς: 'thirteen')δέκα: 'ten'; with τρεῖς, 'thirteen'.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral predicate ('were thirteen', agreeing with πόλεις)τρεῖς: 'three'; δέκα τρεῖς = thirteen, the priestly total matching v. 4.
20

καὶ τοῖς δήμοις υἱοῖς Κααθ τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς καταλελειμμένοις ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Κααθ καὶ ἐγενήθη πόλις τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ φυλῆς Εφραιμ

And to the clans of the sons of Kohath, the Levites, those remaining of the sons of Kohath, the city of their boundaries also came to be from the tribe of Ephraim.

New section: the non-priestly Kohathites (detailing v. 5)καὶ τοῖς δήμοις υἱοῖς Κααθ
The catalogue moves to the second Levitical group: the Kohathite clans not of Aaron's line, whose ten cities come from Ephraim, Dan, and half-Manasseh (cf. v. 5). The phrasing πόλις τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν ('the city of their boundaries') awkwardly renders the Hebrew, but the sense is that their first allotted city was drawn from Ephraim.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with δήμοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμοιςclansDativedative of advantage ('to the clans')δῆμος: 'clan'; see v. 4; here the Kohathite sub-clans outside Aaron's priestly line.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative in apposition ('the clans, the sons of Kohath')υἱός: 'son'; the appositional dative identifies the clans as Kohathite.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Κααθ: see v. 4.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative in appositionΛευίτης: 'Levite'; affirming the clans' Levitical status.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with participle καταλελειμμένοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλελειμμένοιςwho remainedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Dat Masc Pl · καταλείπωattributive participle ('those remaining')καταλείπω: see v. 5; the Kohathites left over after the Aaronic priests received their portion.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sons of Kohath')ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (partitive)υἱός: 'son'; the partitive 'from the sons of Kohath' identifies the source-group.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Κααθ: see v. 4.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηcame to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb ('the city of their boundaries came to be')→ constative aorist (settled allotment)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'come to be / fall (to)'; the lot for the remaining Kohathites is realized as their allotted territory.
πόλιςcityNominativesubject ('the city of their boundaries')πόλις: 'city'; the singular here functions collectively/distributively for the cities of their allotment.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ὁρίων)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίωνboundaries / territoryGenitivegenitive (defining: 'city of their boundaries/territory')ὅριον: 'boundary / border / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; the genitive τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν marks the cities as those falling within their allotted territory.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their boundaries')αὐτός: referring to the Kohathite clans.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the tribe of Ephraim')φυλή: 'tribe'; Ephraim is the first surrendering tribe for the remaining Kohathites.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Εφραιμ: see v. 5.
21

καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτοῖς τὴν πόλιν τοῦ φυγαδευτηρίου τὴν τοῦ φονεύσαντος τὴν Συχεμ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Γαζαρα καὶ τὰ πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

And they gave them the city of refuge, the city for the manslayer, Shechem and its set-apart lands, and Gazara and the lands adjoining it and its set-apart lands,

Kohathite cities from Ephraim, including the refuge-city Shechemκαὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτοῖς
The remaining Kohathites receive Shechem, the central refuge-city in the hill-country of Ephraim (cf. 20:7) — site of the covenant-renewal of ch. 24 — together with Gezer (Γαζαρα) and their pasturelands. The doubled article τὴν … τὴν marks Shechem emphatically as the city of asylum.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκανthey gaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (granting the Kohathite cities)→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the giving tribe(s) grant the cities to the remaining Kohathites.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object (the Kohathites of v. 20)αὐτός: dative referring to the remaining Kohathite clans.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανπόλις: 'city'; specified as the refuge-city of the Kohathites.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with φυγαδευτηρίου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυγαδευτηρίουof refugeGenitivegenitive (defining: 'the city of refuge')φυγαδευτήριον: 'place of refuge'; see v. 13; the genitive marks the city's function as an asylum-city.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (resumptive, with the participial phrase)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦfor theGenitivearticle (with participle φονεύσαντος)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσαντοςof the manslayerAor Act Ptcp Gen Masc Sg · φονεύωsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of the one who killed')φονεύω: see v. 13; the genitive participle τοῦ φονεύσαντος designates the city as appointed for the manslayer's asylum.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Συχεμ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυχεμShechemaccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming the refuge-city)Συχεμ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁכֶם ('Shechem'); indeclinable; the central hill-country city of refuge in Ephraim, site of Joseph's tomb and the covenant renewal of ch. 24.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Shechem.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓαζαραGazaraaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γαζαρα: LXX form of Hebrew גֶּזֶר ('Gezer'); indeclinable; an important fortified city on the western edge of Ephraim's territory.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantizing the adjoining-lands phrase)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςadjoiningpreposition + accusative (proximity: 'the lands adjoining it')πρός + acc.: 'toward / adjoining'; τὰ πρὸς αὐτήν ('the lands toward/beside it') designates the territory adjacent to Gezer.
αὐτὴνitAccusativeaccusative object of πρός ('adjoining it')αὐτός: accusative feminine referring to Gezer.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Gezer.
22

καὶ τὴν Καβσαϊμ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα τὰ πρὸς αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν ἄνω Βαιθωρων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Kabsaim and its set-apart lands beside it, and Upper Baith-horon and its set-apart lands — four cities;

Subtotal of the Ephraimite Kohathite cities (four)καὶ τὴν Καβσαϊμ
Kibzaim and Upper Beth-horon complete Ephraim's four cities for the Kohathites. The qualifier ἄνω ('upper') distinguishes this Beth-horon from its lower twin, both guarding the strategic ascent from the coastal plain into the hills.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Καβσαϊμ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαβσαϊμKabsaimaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Καβσαϊμ: LXX form of Hebrew קִבְצַיִם ('Kibzaim'); indeclinable; an Ephraimite town in the Kohathite allotment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with πρὸς αὐτῇ)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςbesidepreposition + dative (proximity: 'beside it')πρός + dat.: 'beside / near'; the variant τὰ πρὸς αὐτῇ for the pasturelands (see v. 13).
αὐτῇitDativedative object of πρός ('beside it')αὐτός: referring to Kabsaim.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βαιθωρων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνωupperadverb used attributively ('upper Beth-horon')ἄνω: 'up / above / upper'; the adverb distinguishes Upper Beth-horon from Lower Beth-horon, twin towns commanding the pass from Aijalon into the central hills (cf. 10:10–11).
ΒαιθωρωνBeth-horonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Βαιθωρων: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית חוֹרוֹן ('Beth-horon'); indeclinable; a strategic Ephraimite town on the Gibeon-Aijalon road.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Beth-horon.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; Ephraim's four cities for the Kohathites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
23

καὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Δαν τὴν Ελκωθαιμ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Γεθεδαν καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

and from the tribe of Dan: Elkothaim and its set-apart lands, and Gethedan and its set-apart lands,

Kohathite cities from Danκαὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Δαν
The Kohathite allotment continues with cities from Dan's coastal-plain territory (Elteke and Gibbethon in the Hebrew list), each with its pasturelands, in the now-familiar refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Dan')φυλή: 'tribe'; Dan supplies the next Kohathite cities.
ΔανDangenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Δαν: see v. 5.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ελκωθαιμ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕλκωθαιμElkothaimaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ελκωθαιμ: LXX form of Hebrew אֶלְתְּקֵא ('Eltekeh'); indeclinable; a Danite town in the coastal plain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Elkothaim.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Γεθεδαν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεθεδανGethedanaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γεθεδαν: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew גִּבְּתוֹן ('Gibbethon'); indeclinable; a Danite town later contested with the Philistines (1 Kgs 15:27).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Gethedan.
24

καὶ Αιλων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Γεθερεμμων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Aijalon and its set-apart lands, and Geth-rimmon and its set-apart lands — four cities;

Subtotal of the Danite Kohathite cities (four)καὶ Αιλων
Aijalon (of the famous valley, 10:12) and Gath-rimmon complete Dan's four cities for the Kohathites (πόλεις τέσσαρες).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑιλωνAijalonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Αιλων: transliteration of Hebrew אַיָּלוֹן ('Aijalon'); indeclinable; a Danite town in the valley where the sun stood still (10:12).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Aijalon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓεθερεμμωνGeth-rimmonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Γεθερεμμων: transliteration of Hebrew גַּת רִמּוֹן ('Gath-rimmon'); indeclinable; a Danite town in the coastal plain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Geth-rimmon.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; Dan's four cities for the Kohathites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
25

καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση τὴν Ταναχ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Ιεβαθα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις δύο

and from the half of the tribe of Manasseh: Tanach and its set-apart lands, and Iebatha and its set-apart lands — two cities.

Kohathite cities from half-Manasseh (two)καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση
The western half-tribe of Manasseh supplies the final two Kohathite cities, Taanach and Gath-rimmon (here Iebatha), completing the ten cities summed in v. 26.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfGenitivegenitive ('from the half of the tribe of Manasseh')ἥμισυς: 'half'; see v. 5; here the western half-tribe.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining)φυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Μανασση: see v. 5.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ταναχ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤαναχTaanachaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ταναχ: transliteration of Hebrew תַּעְנָךְ ('Taanach'); indeclinable; a Manassite city on the southern edge of the Jezreel valley (cf. Judg 5:19).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Taanach.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιεβαθα)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεβαθαIebathaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ιεβαθα: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew גַּת רִמּוֹן ('Gath-rimmon') in the Manassite list; indeclinable; the second Kohathite city from half-Manasseh.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Iebatha.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('two cities')πόλις: 'city'; half-Manasseh's two cities for the Kohathites.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, with πόλεις)δύο: 'two'; indeclinable cardinal; the half-tribe's smaller contribution.
26

πᾶσαι πόλεις δέκα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα τὰ πρὸς αὐταῖς τοῖς δήμοις υἱῶν Κααθ τοῖς ὑπολελειμμένοις

All the cities were ten, with the set-apart lands beside them, for the clans of the sons of Kohath who were left over.

Total of the non-priestly Kohathite cities (ten)πᾶσαι πόλεις δέκα
The summation for the second Levitical group: ten cities with their pasturelands for the remaining Kohathites (4 from Ephraim + 4 from Dan + 2 from half-Manasseh), matching v. 5. τοῖς ὑπολελειμμένοις ('to those left over') again marks them as the non-Aaronic Kohathites.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective ('all the cities')πᾶς: 'all'; opens the summation-formula (see v. 19).
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of implied copula ('all the cities … ten')πόλις: 'city'; the Kohathite cities collectively.
δέκαtennumeral predicate (indeclinable, 'were ten')δέκα: 'ten'; the total for the remaining Kohathites (cf. v. 5).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands, included in the total)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13; here nominative in the summary, the pasturelands accompanying the ten cities.
τὰtheNominativearticle (attributive, with πρὸς αὐταῖς)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςbesidepreposition + dative (proximity: 'beside them')πρός + dat.: 'beside'; τὰ πρὸς αὐταῖς ('those beside them') describes the pasturelands as ringing the cities.
αὐταῖςthemDativedative object of πρός ('beside them', i.e. the cities)αὐτός: dative feminine plural referring to the ten cities.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with δήμοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμοιςclansDativedative of advantage ('for the clans')δῆμος: 'clan'; see v. 4; the Kohathite clans receiving the ten cities.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'clans of the sons of Kohath')υἱός: 'son'.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Κααθ: see v. 4.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with participle ὑπολελειμμένοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπολελειμμένοιςwho were left overPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Dat Masc Pl · ὑπολείπωattributive participle ('those left over')ὑπολείπω: 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the perfect passive participle τοῖς ὑπολελειμμένοις is a near-synonym of καταλελειμμένοις (v. 5, 20), again marking the non-Aaronic Kohathites as those remaining after the priests' portion.
27

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Γεδσων τοῖς Λευίταις ἐκ τοῦ ἡμίσους φυλῆς Μανασση τὰς πόλεις τὰς ἀφωρισμένας τοῖς φονεύσασι τὴν Γαυλων ἐν τῇ Βασανίτιδι καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Βοσοραν καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις δύο

And to the sons of Gershon, the Levites, from the half of the tribe of Manasseh, the cities set apart for the manslayers: Golan in Bashanitis and its set-apart lands, and Bosora and its set-apart lands — two cities;

New section: the Gershonites (detailing v. 6), with the refuge-city Golanκαὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Γεδσων
The third Levitical group, the Gershonites, begins its allotment. From eastern half-Manasseh comes Golan in Bashan, the Transjordanian city of refuge (cf. 20:8), here named ἐν τῇ Βασανίτιδι ('in Bashanitis'). The phrase τὰς πόλεις τὰς ἀφωρισμένας τοῖς φονεύσασι ('the cities set apart for the manslayers') again binds the asylum-system to the Levitical cities.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('to the sons of Gershon')υἱός: 'son'; the Gershonites, third Levitical division (see v. 6).
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable clan-name)Γεδσων: see v. 6.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative in appositionΛευίτης: 'Levite'; affirming Gershonite Levitical status.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfGenitivegenitive ('from the half of the tribe of Manasseh')ἥμισυς: 'half'; here the eastern half-tribe in Bashan.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining)φυλῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Μανασση: see v. 5.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεις)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object (implied giving)πόλις: 'city'; the cities granted from half-Manasseh.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with participle ἀφωρισμένας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναςset apartPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Fem Pl · ἀφορίζωattributive participle ('the cities set apart for the manslayers')ἀφορίζω: 'set apart'; here the feminine plural participle modifies πόλεις directly ('the cities set apart'), the same root that elsewhere names the pasturelands; the cities are designated as asylum-cities.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with participle φονεύσασι)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσασιfor the manslayersAor Act Ptcp Dat Masc Pl · φονεύωsubstantival participle (dative of advantage: 'for those who have killed')φονεύω: see v. 13; the dative plural participle marks the cities as places of asylum for manslayers.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Γαυλων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαυλωνGolanaccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming the refuge-city)Γαυλων: transliteration of Hebrew גּוֹלָן ('Golan'); indeclinable; the Transjordanian city of refuge in Bashan (cf. 20:8; Deut 4:43), giving its name to the later Gaulanitis/Golan region.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with Βασανίτιδι)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανίτιδιBashanitisDativedative of place ('in Bashanitis')Βασανῖτις (dat. Βασανίτιδι): 'Bashanitis', the Greek territorial adjective for the region of Bashan; unlike the indeclinable Βασαν (v. 6), this Hellenized form declines and so is parsed as a noun with case.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Golan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βοσοραν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒοσορανBosoraAccusativeaccusative object (Hellenized toponym, declined)Βοσορα (acc. Βοσοραν): LXX form corresponding to Hebrew בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה ('Be-eshterah') in the Manassite list; here given a declinable Greek accusative (-αν), so parsed as a noun with case.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Bosora.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('two cities')πόλις: 'city'; half-Manasseh's two cities for the Gershonites.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, with πόλεις)δύο: 'two'; see v. 25.
28

καὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ισσαχαρ τὴν Κισων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Δεββα καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

and from the tribe of Issachar: Kishon and its set-apart lands, and Debba and its set-apart lands,

Gershonite cities from Issacharκαὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ισσαχαρ
The Gershonite allotment continues with cities from Issachar (Kishion and Daberath in the Hebrew list), each with its pasturelands.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Issachar')φυλή: 'tribe'.
ΙσσαχαρIssachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισσαχαρ: see v. 6.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Κισων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚισωνKishonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Κισων: LXX form of Hebrew קִשְׁיוֹן ('Kishion'); indeclinable; an Issacharite town in the Jezreel region.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Kishon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΔεββαDebbaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Δεββα: LXX form of Hebrew דָּבְרַת ('Daberath'); indeclinable; an Issacharite town at the foot of Mount Tabor.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Debba.
29

καὶ τὴν Ρεμμαθ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Πηγὴν γραμμάτων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Remmath and its set-apart lands, and the Spring of Letters and its set-apart lands — four cities;

Subtotal of the Issacharite Gershonite cities (four)καὶ τὴν Ρεμμαθ
Jarmuth (Remeth) and En-gannim complete Issachar's four cities. Notably the LXX translates the second name rather than transliterating it: Πηγὴν γραμμάτων ('spring of letters/documents'), reading the Hebrew עֵין־גַּנִּים ('spring of gardens') by a different vocalization — a translator's gloss rather than a place-name proper.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ρεμμαθ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡεμμαθRemmathaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ρεμμαθ: LXX form of Hebrew רֶמֶת / יַרְמוּת ('Remeth / Jarmuth'); indeclinable; an Issacharite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Remmath.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΠηγὴνspringAccusativeaccusative object (translated place-name: 'Spring of Letters')πηγή: 'spring / fountain'; renders Hebrew עֵין ('spring'); here the LXX renders the toponym rather than transliterating it — Πηγὴ γραμμάτων ('spring of writings'), so the noun declines (acc. Πηγήν).
γραμμάτωνof lettersGenitivegenitive (defining: 'spring of letters/documents')γράμμα: 'letter / writing / document'; the genitive plural completes the translated name Πηγὴ γραμμάτων, reflecting a reading of the Hebrew place-name as 'spring of writings' rather than 'spring of gardens' (עֵין־גַּנִּים).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to the Spring of Letters.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; Issachar's four cities for the Gershonites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
30

καὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ασηρ τὴν Βασελλαν καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Δαββων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ

and from the tribe of Asher: Basella and its set-apart lands, and Dabbon and its set-apart lands,

Gershonite cities from Asherκαὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ασηρ
Cities from Asher's northwestern coastal territory (Mishal and Abdon in the Hebrew list) continue the Gershonite allotment with the standard pastureland refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Asher')φυλή: 'tribe'.
ΑσηρAshergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ασηρ: see v. 6.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βασελλαν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασελλανBasellaAccusativeaccusative object (Hellenized toponym, declined)Βασελλα (acc. Βασελλαν): LXX form of Hebrew מִשְׁאָל ('Mishal'); given a declinable Greek accusative (-αν), so parsed as a noun with case.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Basella.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΔαββωνDabbonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Δαββων: LXX form of Hebrew עַבְדּוֹן ('Abdon'); indeclinable; an Asherite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Dabbon.
31

καὶ Χελκατ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Ρααβ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Helkath and its set-apart lands, and Rehob and its set-apart lands — four cities;

Subtotal of the Asherite Gershonite cities (four)καὶ Χελκατ
Helkath and Rehob complete Asher's four cities for the Gershonites (πόλεις τέσσαρες).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΧελκατHelkathaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Χελκατ: transliteration of Hebrew חֶלְקָת ('Helkath'); indeclinable; an Asherite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Helkath.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΡααβRehobaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ρααβ: LXX form of Hebrew רְחֹב ('Rehob'); indeclinable; an Asherite town (to be distinguished from Rahab of Jericho, spelled identically in Greek).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Rehob.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; Asher's four cities for the Gershonites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
32

καὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἀφωρισμένην τῷ φονεύσαντι τὴν Καδες ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ τὴν Εμμαθ καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ καὶ Θεμμων καὶ τὰ ἀφωρισμένα αὐτῇ πόλεις τρεῖς

and from the tribe of Naphtali: the city set apart for the manslayer, Kadesh in Galilee and its set-apart lands, and Emmath and its set-apart lands, and Themmon and its set-apart lands — three cities;

Gershonite cities from Naphtali, with the refuge-city Kadeshκαὶ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι
The Gershonite list closes with Naphtali's three cities, headed by Kadesh in Galilee — the northern city of refuge (cf. 20:7). The phrase ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ is one of the earliest LXX attestations of the regional name 'Galilee'.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Naphtali')φυλή: 'tribe'.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaligenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Νεφθαλι: see v. 6.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object (the refuge-city)πόλις: 'city'; specified as the asylum-city of Naphtali.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with participle ἀφωρισμένην)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμένηνset apartPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Fem Sg · ἀφορίζωattributive participle ('the city set apart for the manslayer')ἀφορίζω: 'set apart'; the feminine singular participle modifies πόλιν, designating it as the asylum-city; the same root used for the pasturelands now describes the city's set-apart status.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with participle φονεύσαντι)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσαντιfor the manslayerAor Act Ptcp Dat Masc Sg · φονεύωsubstantival participle (dative of advantage)φονεύω: see v. 13; the city is set apart for the one who has killed.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Καδες)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαδεςKadeshaccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming the refuge-city)Καδες: transliteration of Hebrew קֶדֶשׁ ('Kedesh'); indeclinable; the northern city of refuge in Galilee (cf. 20:7), a Naphtalite stronghold (distinct from Kadesh-barnea).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with Γαλιλαίᾳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλιλαίᾳGalileeDativedative of place ('in Galilee')Γαλιλαία: 'Galilee'; the Hellenized regional name (from Hebrew גָּלִיל, 'circuit / region'); a declinable noun, so parsed with case; the northern region around Kedesh, prominent later in the Gospels.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Kadesh.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Εμμαθ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕμμαθEmmathaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Εμμαθ: LXX form of Hebrew חַמֹּת דֹּאר ('Hammoth-dor'); indeclinable; a Naphtalite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Emmath.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΘεμμωνThemmonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Θεμμων: LXX form of Hebrew קַרְתָּן ('Kartan'); indeclinable; the third Naphtalite town for the Gershonites.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφωρισμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφωρισμέναset-apart landsPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Neut Pl · ἀφορίζωsubstantival participle (pasturelands)ἀφορίζω: see v. 13.
αὐτῇof itDativedative of reference ('its lands')αὐτός: referring to Themmon.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('three cities')πόλις: 'city'; Naphtali's three cities for the Gershonites.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τρεῖς: 'three'; the Naphtalite count completing the Gershonite thirteen (2 + 4 + 4 + 3 = 13; cf. v. 33).
33

πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις τοῦ Γεδσων κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν πόλεις δέκα τρεῖς

All the cities of Gershon, according to their clans, were thirteen cities.

Total of the Gershonite cities (thirteen)πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις τοῦ Γεδσων
The summation for the third Levitical group: the Gershonites' thirteen cities according to their clans, matching v. 6. The recurring formula πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις … κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν marks each division's total.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective ('all the cities')πᾶς: 'all'; opens the summation (see v. 19).
αἱtheNominativearticle (with πόλεις)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of implied copulaπόλις: 'city'; the Gershonite cities collectively.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Γεδσων)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'cities of Gershon')Γεδσων: see v. 6.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to their clans')κατά + acc.: distributive 'according to'; κατὰ δήμους, the clan-by-clan formula (see v. 7).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατάδῆμος: 'clan'; the Gershonite sub-clans.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their clans')αὐτός: referring to the Gershonites.
πόλειςcitiesNominativepredicate ('were thirteen cities')πόλις: 'city'; the count is restated.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable, with τρεῖς: 'thirteen')δέκα: 'ten'; with τρεῖς, 'thirteen'.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral predicate ('thirteen', with πόλεις)τρεῖς: 'three'; δέκα τρεῖς = thirteen, the Gershonite total matching v. 6.
34

καὶ τῷ δήμῳ υἱῶν Μεραρι τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς λοιποῖς ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Ζαβουλων τὴν Μααν καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Καδης καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς

And to the clan of the sons of Merari, the remaining Levites, from the tribe of the sons of Zebulun: Maan and its pasturelands, and Kadesh and its pasturelands,

Final section: the Merarites (detailing v. 7); pastureland term reverts to περισπόριακαὶ τῷ δήμῳ υἱῶν Μεραρι
The fourth and last Levitical group, the Merarites — τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς λοιποῖς ('the remaining Levites') — begins its allotment from Zebulun. Notably the text now reverts from τὰ ἀφωρισμένα back to περισπόρια (the term of vv. 2–8) for the pasturelands, a marker of the composite Greek translation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τῷto theDativearticle (with δήμῳ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμῳclanDativedative of advantage ('to the clan of the sons of Merari')δῆμος: 'clan'; the Merarite division (see v. 7).
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'clan of the sons of Merari')υἱός: 'son'.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable clan-name)Μεραρι: see v. 7.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with Λευίταις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative in appositionΛευίτης: 'Levite'; affirming Merarite Levitical status.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with λοιποῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιποῖςremainingDativeattributive adjective ('the remaining Levites')λοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; renders הַנּוֹתָרִים; marks the Merarites as the last group, those left after the Aaronites, Kohathites, and Gershonites have received their cities.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Zebulun')φυλή: 'tribe'.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'tribe of the sons of Zebulun')υἱός: 'son'.
ΖαβουλωνZebulungenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ζαβουλων: see v. 7.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Μααν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαανMaanaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Μααν: LXX form of Hebrew יָקְנְעָם ('Jokneam'); indeclinable; a Zebulunite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2; the Merarite section reverts to this term (in place of τὰ ἀφωρισμένα), now with the singular αὐτῆς ('its').
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: genitive feminine referring to Maan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Καδης)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαδηςKadeshaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Καδης: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew קַרְתָּה ('Kartah'); indeclinable; a Zebulunite town (distinct from the Galilean refuge-city Καδες of v. 32).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: genitive feminine referring to Kadesh.
35

καὶ Δεμνα καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς καὶ Σελλα καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Demna and its pasturelands, and Sella and its pasturelands — four cities;

Subtotal of the Zebulunite Merarite cities (four)καὶ Δεμνα
Dimnah and Nahalal complete Zebulun's four cities for the Merarites (πόλεις τέσσαρες), each paired with its περισπόρια.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΔεμναDemnaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Δεμνα: LXX form of Hebrew דִּמְנָה ('Dimnah'); indeclinable; a Zebulunite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Demna.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣελλαSellaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Σελλα: LXX form of Hebrew נַהֲלָל ('Nahalal'); indeclinable; a Zebulunite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Sella.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; Zebulun's four cities for the Merarites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
36

καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου τοῦ κατὰ Ιεριχω ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ρουβην τὴν πόλιν τὸ φυγαδευτήριον τοῦ φονεύσαντος τὴν Βοσορ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Μισωρ καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Ιαζηρ καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς

and beyond the Jordan opposite Jericho, from the tribe of Reuben: the city, the refuge for the manslayer, Bosor in the wilderness of Mishor, and its pasturelands, and Jazer and its pasturelands,

Merarite cities from Reuben (Transjordan), with the refuge-city Bosorκαὶ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου
The Merarite allotment crosses east of the Jordan: from Reuben comes Bezer (Βοσορ) in the wilderness plateau (Mishor), the Transjordanian city of refuge for the Reubenites (cf. 20:8; Deut 4:43), together with Jazer. The geographic note πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου τοῦ κατὰ Ιεριχω locates this beyond the Jordan opposite Jericho.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πέρανbeyondimproper preposition + genitive ('beyond the Jordan')πέραν: 'across / beyond / on the other side'; renders עֵבֶר; with τοῦ Ιορδάνου marks the Transjordanian (eastern) territory.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of πέραν ('beyond the Jordan')Ιορδάνης: 'Jordan'; the Hellenized river-name (from Hebrew יַרְדֵּן), declinable (gen. Ιορδάνου), so parsed as a noun with case; the boundary between Cisjordan and the eastern tribes.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (resumptive, with κατὰ Ιεριχω)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατὰoppositepreposition + accusative (position: 'opposite Jericho')κατά + acc.: here 'opposite / over against'; the phrase τοῦ κατὰ Ιεριχω ('the Jordan opposite Jericho') locates the eastern allotment at the latitude of Jericho.
ΙεριχωJerichoaccusative object of κατά (indeclinable toponym)Ιεριχω: transliteration of Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ ('Jericho'); indeclinable; the first city taken in the conquest (ch. 6), here a geographic reference-point.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἐκ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the tribe of Reuben')φυλή: 'tribe'.
ΡουβηνReubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ρουβην: see v. 7.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object (the refuge-city)πόλις: 'city'; the Reubenite asylum-city.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with φυγαδευτήριον, in apposition)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυγαδευτήριονrefugeAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the city, the refuge')φυγαδευτήριον: 'place of refuge'; see v. 13; the neuter noun in apposition to the feminine πόλιν.
τοῦfor theGenitivearticle (with participle φονεύσαντος)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσαντοςof the manslayerAor Act Ptcp Gen Masc Sg · φονεύωsubstantival participle ('of the one who killed')φονεύω: see v. 13.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βοσορ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒοσορBosoraccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming the refuge-city)Βοσορ: transliteration of Hebrew בֶּצֶר ('Bezer'); indeclinable; the Transjordanian city of refuge for Reuben on the Mishor plateau (cf. 20:8; Deut 4:43).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐρήμῳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place ('in the wilderness')ἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the open plateau-steppe east of the Jordan in which Bezer lay.
τῇtheDativearticle (with Μισωρ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜισωρMishordative in apposition (indeclinable toponym: 'the wilderness, the Mishor')Μισωρ: transliteration of Hebrew מִישֹׁר ('Mishor', 'the tableland/plain'); indeclinable; the Reubenite plateau east of the Dead Sea (cf. Deut 3:10; 4:43).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Bosor.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιαζηρ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαζηρJazeraccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ιαζηρ: transliteration of Hebrew יַעְזֵר ('Jazer'); indeclinable; a Transjordanian town (here in the Reubenite-Gadite borderland; cf. v. 39).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Jazer.
37

καὶ τὴν Δεκμων καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Μαφα καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Dekmon and its pasturelands, and Mapha and its pasturelands — four cities;

Subtotal of the Reubenite Merarite cities (four)καὶ τὴν Δεκμων
Kedemoth and Mephaath complete Reuben's four cities for the Merarites (πόλεις τέσσαρες), with their pasturelands.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Δεκμων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔεκμωνDekmonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Δεκμων: LXX form of Hebrew קְדֵמוֹת ('Kedemoth'); indeclinable; a Reubenite town on the Mishor plateau.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Dekmon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Μαφα)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαφαMaphaaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Μαφα: LXX form of Hebrew מֵיפַעַת ('Mephaath'); indeclinable; a Reubenite town.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Mapha.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative of summation ('four cities')πόλις: 'city'; Reuben's four cities for the Merarites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
38

καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Γαδ τὴν πόλιν τὸ φυγαδευτήριον τοῦ φονεύσαντος τὴν Ραμωθ ἐν τῇ Γαλααδ καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Καμιν καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς

and from the tribe of Gad: the city, the refuge for the manslayer, Ramoth in Gilead and its pasturelands, and Kamin and its pasturelands,

Merarite cities from Gad (Transjordan), with the refuge-city Ramothκαὶ ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Γαδ
Gad supplies the final Merarite cities, headed by Ramoth in Gilead, the Transjordanian city of refuge for Gad (cf. 20:8) — later a major fortress contested with Aram (1 Kgs 22). With Mahanaim (Kamin) it continues the asylum-refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the tribe of Gad')φυλή: 'tribe'.
ΓαδGadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Γαδ: see v. 7.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object (the refuge-city)πόλις: 'city'; the Gadite asylum-city.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with φυγαδευτήριον)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυγαδευτήριονrefugeAccusativeaccusative in apposition ('the city, the refuge')φυγαδευτήριον: 'place of refuge'; see v. 13.
τοῦfor theGenitivearticle (with participle φονεύσαντος)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φονεύσαντοςof the manslayerAor Act Ptcp Gen Masc Sg · φονεύωsubstantival participle ('of the one who killed')φονεύω: see v. 13.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ραμωθ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡαμωθRamothaccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming the refuge-city)Ραμωθ: transliteration of Hebrew רָאמֹת ('Ramoth'); indeclinable; Ramoth in Gilead, the Transjordanian city of refuge for Gad (cf. 20:8), later a strategic fortress on the Aramean frontier (1 Kgs 22:3).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with Γαλααδ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileaddative of place (indeclinable toponym, with article)Γαλααδ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְעָד ('Gilead'); indeclinable; the Transjordanian highland region of Gad, in which Ramoth lay.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Ramoth.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Καμιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαμινKaminaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Καμιν: LXX form of Hebrew מַחֲנַיִם ('Mahanaim'); indeclinable; a Gadite town in Gilead, Jacob's old camp (Gen 32:2).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Kamin.
39

καὶ τὴν Εσεβων καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν Ιαζηρ καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῆς αἱ πᾶσαι πόλεις τέσσαρες

and Heshbon and its pasturelands, and Jazer and its pasturelands — all the cities four;

Subtotal of the Gadite Merarite cities (four)καὶ τὴν Εσεβων
Heshbon (the old Amorite royal city of Sihon, Num 21:26) and Jazer complete Gad's four cities. The summary αἱ πᾶσαι πόλεις τέσσαρες ('all the cities, four') closes the Gadite list.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Εσεβων)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕσεβωνHeshbonaccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Εσεβων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶשְׁבּוֹן ('Heshbon'); indeclinable; the former Amorite royal city of Sihon (Num 21:26), on the Reuben-Gad border, here assigned to Gad.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Heshbon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιαζηρ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαζηρJazeraccusative object (indeclinable toponym)Ιαζηρ: see v. 36; here reckoned among Gad's cities (the town lay in the contested Reuben-Gad borderland).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsAccusativedirect object (pasturelands)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession ('its pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to Jazer.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with πᾶσαι πόλεις)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective ('all the cities')πᾶς: 'all'; the summation-formula closing Gad's list.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of implied copula ('all the cities … four')πόλις: 'city'; Gad's four cities for the Merarites.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral predicate ('four', with πόλεις)τέσσαρες: 'four'; see v. 18.
40

πᾶσαι πόλεις τοῖς υἱοῖς Μεραρι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῶν καταλελειμμένων ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς Λευι καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια πόλεις δέκα δύο

All the cities for the sons of Merari according to their clans, those remaining of the tribe of Levi — their boundaries amounted to twelve cities.

Total of the Merarite cities (twelve)πᾶσαι πόλεις τοῖς υἱοῖς Μεραρι
The summation for the fourth and last Levitical group: the Merarites' twelve cities (δέκα δύο, the analytic form, contrasting with δώδεκα at v. 7), 'those remaining of the tribe of Levi.' This completes the four-group enumeration: 13 + 10 + 13 + 12 = 48 (cf. v. 41).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective ('all the cities')πᾶς: 'all'; opens the Merarite summation.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject ('all the cities')πόλις: 'city'; the Merarite cities collectively.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of advantage ('for the sons of Merari')υἱός: 'son'; the Merarites as recipients.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Μεραρι: see v. 7.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to their clans')κατά + acc.: distributive 'according to'; κατὰ δήμους, the clan-formula (see v. 7).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατάδῆμος: 'clan'; the Merarite sub-clans.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their clans')αὐτός: referring to the Merarites.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with participle καταλελειμμένων)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλελειμμένωνremainingPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Masc Pl · καταλείπωattributive participle ('those remaining of the tribe of Levi')καταλείπω: see v. 5; the Merarites as the last of the Levitical clans to receive their portion.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the tribe of Levi')ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('of the tribe of Levi')φυλή: 'tribe'; the whole tribe of Levi, of which the Merarites are the last clan.
ΛευιLevigenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Λευι: see v. 1.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηamounted to / came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb ('their boundaries came to be twelve cities')→ constative aorist (settled total)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'come to be / amount to'; here the Merarite allotment is reckoned up to twelve cities.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαboundaries / territoryNominativesubject of ἐγενήθη ('their boundaries amounted to')ὅριον: 'boundary / territory'; see v. 20; here the Merarite allotted territory, summed as twelve cities.
πόλειςcitiesNominativepredicate ('twelve cities')πόλις: 'city'; the count is restated as the predicate.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable, with δύο: 'twelve')δέκα: 'ten'; with δύο, the analytic 'twelve' (δέκα δύο), contrasting with the synthetic δώδεκα at v. 7.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, with δέκα: 'twelve')δύο: 'two'; δέκα δύο = twelve, the Merarite total.
41

πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις τῶν Λευιτῶν ἐν μέσῳ κατασχέσεως υἱῶν Ισραηλ τεσσαράκοντα ὀκτὼ πόλεις καὶ τὰ περισπόρια αὐτῶν

All the cities of the Levites in the midst of the possession of the sons of Israel were forty-eight cities with their pasturelands.

Grand total of all Levitical cities (forty-eight)πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις τῶν Λευιτῶν
The grand summation: forty-eight Levitical cities (13 + 10 + 13 + 12) with their pasturelands, set ἐν μέσῳ κατασχέσεως υἱῶν Ισραηλ ('in the midst of the possession of the sons of Israel'). The phrase captures the theological point of the whole chapter: Levi, the landless tribe, is woven through every other tribe's inheritance — present everywhere, possessing nowhere.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πᾶσαιallNominativeattributive adjective ('all the cities')πᾶς: 'all'; opens the grand total.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with πόλεις)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject ('all the cities of the Levites')πόλις: 'city'; the entire Levitical city-system.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with Λευιτῶν)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευιτῶνLevitesGenitivegenitive of possession ('cities of the Levites')Λευίτης: 'Levite'; all four divisions together.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
μέσῳmidstDativedative of place ('in the midst of')μέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ renders בְּתוֹךְ ('in the midst of'); the Levitical cities lie scattered within the other tribes' territories — Levi has no contiguous land but dwells among all.
κατασχέσεωςpossessionGenitivegenitive (with μέσῳ: 'midst of the possession')κατάσχεσις: 'possession / holding'; see v. 12; here the inherited territory of all Israel, within which the Levitical cities are embedded.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive (defining: 'possession of the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the corporate nation.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: see v. 1.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable, with ὀκτὼ: 'forty-eight')τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal; with ὀκτώ gives the total of forty-eight Levitical cities prescribed at Num 35:7.
ὀκτὼeightnumeral (indeclinable, with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-eight')ὀκτώ: 'eight'; with τεσσαράκοντα, 'forty-eight' — the grand total of Levitical cities.
πόλειςcitiesNominativepredicate ('forty-eight cities')πόλις: 'city'; the count restated.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsNominativenominative (included in the total: 'with their pasturelands')περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2; the grand total includes the pasturelands of all forty-eight cities.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their pasturelands')αὐτός: referring to the forty-eight cities.
42

κύκλῳ τῶν πόλεων τούτων πόλις καὶ τὰ περισπόρια κύκλῳ τῆς πόλεως πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν ταύταις καὶ συνετέλεσεν Ἰησοῦς διαμερίσας τὴν γῆν ἐν τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῶν καὶ ἔδωκαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ μερίδα τῷ Ἰησοῖ κατὰ πρόσταγμα κυρίου ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ τὴν πόλιν ἣν ᾐτήσατο τὴν Θαμνασαραχ ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Εφραιμ καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν Ἰησοῦς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ᾤκησεν ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ ἔλαβεν Ἰησοῦς τὰς μαχαίρας τὰς πετρίνας ἐν αἷς περιέτεμεν τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ τοὺς γενομένους ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ ἔθηκεν αὐτὰς ἐν Θαμνασαραχ

Around these cities — a city and its pasturelands round about the city — so it was for all these cities. And Joshua finished dividing the land within their boundaries; and the sons of Israel gave a portion to Joshua, according to the command of the LORD; they gave him the city he asked for, Thamnasarach; they gave it to him in the hill-country of Ephraim. And Joshua built the city and dwelt in it. And Joshua took the flint knives with which he had circumcised the sons of Israel who were born on the way in the wilderness, and laid them in Thamnasarach.

Concluding note on the city-layout, plus the LXX plus on Joshua's own inheritanceκύκλῳ τῶν πόλεων τούτων
The verse closes the Levitical-cities account by restating the concentric city-and-pastureland pattern, then preserves a substantial LXX plus (marked [a]–[d] in critical editions, integrated here without the apparatus sigla) absent from the Masoretic Text. It records that Joshua finished dividing the land, received his own inheritance — the city Thamnasarach (Timnath-serah) in the hill-country of Ephraim, which he rebuilt and settled (cf. 19:49–50; 24:30 LXX) — and deposited there the flint knives of the Gilgal circumcision (5:2–3). The note rounds off the whole allotment by showing the leader himself, last of all, receiving his portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 85 words
κύκλῳround aboutadverb of place ('round about these cities')κύκλῳ: 'round about'; see v. 11; opens the concluding description of the city-pastureland layout.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with πόλεων)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcitiesGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ: 'round about the cities')πόλις: 'city'; the forty-eight Levitical cities.
τούτωνtheseGenitivedemonstrative adjective ('these cities')οὗτος: 'these'; the cities just enumerated.
πόλιςa cityNominativedistributive nominative ('each a city and its pasturelands')πόλις: 'city'; the distributive πόλις … πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν describes the uniform pattern: each city ringed by its pastureland.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with περισπόρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισπόριαpasturelandsNominativenominative (the pastureland of each city)περισπόριον: 'pastureland'; see v. 2.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb of place ('round about the city')κύκλῳ: 'round about'; the pastureland encircles each city (cf. Num 35:4–5).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with πόλεως)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ: 'round about the city')πόλις: 'city'; the individual Levitical city.
πάσαιςallDativeattributive adjective ('for all these cities')πᾶς: 'all'; the dative πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν ('for all the cities') generalizes the layout to every Levitical city.
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with πόλεσιν)ταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεσινcitiesDativedative of reference ('for all these cities')πόλις: 'city'; the dative plural generalizing the pattern.
ταύταιςtheseDativedemonstrative adjective ('these cities')οὗτος: 'these'; closing the layout-description before the LXX plus.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins the LXX plus)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
συνετέλεσενfinishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωmain verb ('Joshua finished dividing the land')→ constative aorist (completed task)συντελέω: 'complete / finish / bring to an end'; renders כִּלָּה; marks the conclusion of the entire land-distribution begun in ch. 13 — the allotment is now complete.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: see v. 1.
διαμερίσαςdividingAor Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · διαμερίζωcircumstantial participle (means/content: 'finished by dividing')διαμερίζω: 'divide / distribute / apportion'; renders חָלַק; the aorist participle specifies what Joshua completed — the partition of the land among the tribes.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of διαμερίσαςγῆ: 'land'; the promised land, now fully apportioned.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative/manner)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὁρίοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίοιςboundariesDativedative of place ('within their boundaries')ὅριον: 'boundary'; see v. 20; the land was divided according to fixed tribal borders.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their boundaries', i.e. the tribes')αὐτός: referring to the tribes.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκανgaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb ('the sons of Israel gave a portion to Joshua')→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; Israel grants Joshua his own inheritance, last of all (cf. 19:49–50).
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject ('the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; the corporate nation as grantor.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: see v. 1.
μερίδαportionAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανμερίς: 'portion / share'; renders חֵלֶק; Joshua's personal inheritance within Ephraim.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Ἰησοῖ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἸησοῖJoshuaDativedative indirect object ('to Joshua')Ἰησοῦς: declined (dat. Ἰησοῖ); the recipient of the portion.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative ('according to the command')κατά + acc.: 'according to'; the grant follows the LORD's command (cf. 19:50).
πρόσταγμαcommandAccusativeaccusative object of κατάπρόσταγμα: 'command / decree'; see v. 3; Joshua's portion too is divinely authorized.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (source: 'command of the LORD')κύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD as the authority behind Joshua's grant.
ἔδωκανthey gaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (resumptive: 'they gave him the city')→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the repeated ἔδωκαν specifies the city granted.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object ('to him', Joshua)αὐτός: referring to Joshua.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκανπόλις: 'city'; Joshua's own city, named below.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾐτήσατο)ὅς: relative pronoun; 'which he asked for' (cf. 19:50, where Joshua requests Timnath-serah).
ᾐτήσατοhe asked forAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · αἰτέωverb of relative clause ('the city he asked for')→ constative aorist (Joshua's request)αἰτέω: 'ask / request'; the middle ᾐτήσατο ('asked for himself') recalls 19:50, where Joshua requests his inheritance by the LORD's command.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Θαμνασαραχ)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘαμνασαραχThamnasarachaccusative in apposition (indeclinable toponym, naming Joshua's city)Θαμνασαραχ: transliteration of Hebrew תִּמְנַת סֶרַח ('Timnath-serah'); indeclinable; Joshua's inheritance and burial place in the hill-country of Ephraim (cf. 19:50; 24:30).
ἔδωκανthey gaveAor Act Indic 3 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (resumptive emphasis: 'they gave it to him')→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the threefold ἔδωκαν in this plus emphatically underscores the grant of Joshua's city.
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect objectαὐτός: referring to Joshua.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ὄρει)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειhill-countryDativedative of place ('in the hill-country of Ephraim')ὄρος: 'hill-country'; see v. 11; the Ephraimite highlands where Timnath-serah lay.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'hill-country of Ephraim')Εφραιμ: see v. 5; Joshua's own tribe.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb ('Joshua built the city')→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build / rebuild'; renders בָּנָה; Joshua rebuilds (or fortifies) his inherited city (cf. 19:50).
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: see v. 1.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησενπόλις: 'city'; Timnath-serah.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ᾤκησενdweltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκέωmain verb ('dwelt in it')→ constative aorist (settled habitation)οἰκέω: 'dwell / inhabit'; renders יָשַׁב; Joshua settles in his own city, the leader at last receiving rest in his portion.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτῇitDativedative of place ('in it', the city)αὐτός: referring to the city.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb ('Joshua took the flint knives')→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; introduces the relic-deposit note that links this verse to the Gilgal circumcision of 5:2–3.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: see v. 1.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with μαχαίρας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχαίραςknivesAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβενμάχαιρα: 'knife / sword / dagger'; renders חֶרֶב / the flint blades; the knives used in the mass circumcision at Gilgal (5:2–3).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πετρίνας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετρίναςstone / flintAccusativeattributive adjective ('flint knives')πέτρινος: 'of stone / flint'; renders צֻרִים ('flints'); the knives of 5:2 (μαχαίρας πετρίνας) were of flint, recalling the archaic rite Joshua performed at Gilgal.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with which')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (instrumental: 'with which he circumcised')ὅς: relative pronoun; the dative ἐν αἷς is instrumental, 'with which.'
περιέτεμενhe circumcisedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιτέμνωverb of relative clause ('with which he circumcised')→ constative aorist (the Gilgal circumcision)περιτέμνω: 'circumcise / cut around'; renders מוּל; refers to the circumcision of the wilderness-born generation at Gilgal (5:2–7), the covenant-renewal upon entering the land.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with υἱοὺς)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of περιέτεμεν ('the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; the Israelites circumcised at Gilgal.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: see v. 1.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with participle γενομένους)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενομένουςwho were bornAor Mid Ptcp Acc Masc Pl · γίνομαιattributive participle ('those born on the way')γίνομαι: 'become / be born'; the participle τοὺς γενομένους designates the generation born during the wilderness wandering, who had not been circumcised until Gilgal (5:5).
ἐνonpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ὁδῷ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷway / journeyDativedative of place ('on the way')ὁδός: 'way / road / journey'; renders דֶּרֶךְ; the wilderness journey from Egypt during which the new generation was born.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐρήμῳ)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place ('in the wilderness')ἔρημος: 'wilderness'; see v. 36; the desert of the forty-year wandering.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔθηκενlaid / placedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίθημιmain verb ('laid them in Thamnasarach')→ constative aorist (deposit of the relic)τίθημι: 'put / place / lay'; renders שִׂים / נָתַן; Joshua deposits the flint knives in his city as a memorial of the Gilgal circumcision — a relic of the covenant-renewal preserved in the leader's own town.
αὐτὰςthemAccusativedirect object of ἔθηκεν ('them', the knives)αὐτός: accusative feminine plural referring to the flint knives.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΘαμνασαραχThamnasarachdative of place (indeclinable toponym)Θαμνασαραχ: see above; the resting-place of the flint knives and Joshua's own inheritance, the final note of the LXX plus.
43

καὶ ἔδωκεν κύριος τῷ Ισραηλ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἣν ὤμοσεν δοῦναι τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν καὶ κατεκληρονόμησαν αὐτὴν καὶ κατῴκησαν ἐν αὐτῇ

And the LORD gave Israel all the land that he swore to give to their fathers, and they inherited it and dwelt in it.

FULFILLMENT CAPSTONE (1 of 3): the LORD gave all the sworn landκαὶ ἔδωκεν κύριος
Verses 43–45 form the great theological capstone of the conquest narrative — the divine fulfillment summary toward which all of chs. 1–21 have moved. Here YHWH (κύριος, subject) is the giver: ἔδωκεν … πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἣν ὤμοσεν δοῦναι ('he gave all the land he swore to give'), tying the gift directly to the patriarchal oath of Gen 12–17. The three verbs ἔδωκεν / κατεκληρονόμησαν / κατῴκησαν ('gave / inherited / settled') trace promise to possession to permanent dwelling. The summary anticipates Joshua's farewell (23:14) and is echoed at 1 Kgs 8:56.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (opening the capstone)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the LORD's decisive gift of the land)→ constative aorist (the consummated gift of the land)δίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the climactic ἔδωκεν makes YHWH himself the giver of the whole land — the conquest is framed not as Israel's achievement but as the LORD's fulfilled promise.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (the divine giver)κύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; as nominative subject of ἔδωκεν, YHWH is the sovereign actor of the capstone summary — the giver of land, rest, and victory.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Ισραηλ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldative indirect object ('to Israel'; indeclinable, with article)Ισραηλ: see v. 1; here the recipient of the divine gift, the whole covenant nation.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective ('all the land')πᾶς: 'all'; the emphatic πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν underscores the completeness of the gift — not part but the whole sworn land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκενγῆ: 'land'; the promised land in its entirety, object of the patriarchal oath.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὤμοσεν δοῦναι)ὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the clause grounding the gift in the sworn promise.
ὤμοσενhe sworeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὀμνύωverb of relative clause (the divine oath)→ constative aorist (the patriarchal oath)ὀμνύω: 'swear / take an oath'; renders נִשְׁבַּע; the verb of the patriarchal land-promise (Gen 12:7; 13:15; 15:18; 26:3; 28:13); the conquest is the fulfillment of a divine self-bound oath.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive (content of the oath: 'swore to give')→ constative aorist infinitiveδίδωμι: 'give'; the aorist infinitive completes ὤμοσεν — the LORD swore 'to give' the land; what he swore (δοῦναι) he has now done (ἔδωκεν).
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with πατράσιν)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object ('to their fathers')πατήρ: 'father'; renders אָבוֹת; the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to whom the land-oath was first given.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their fathers')αὐτός: referring to Israel.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατεκληρονόμησανthey inheritedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακληρονομέωmain verb ('they inherited it')→ constative aorist (took possession)κατακληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession by lot'; see v. 3; Israel's reception of the land matches the LORD's gift — the human response to the divine act.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of κατεκληρονόμησαν ('it', the land)αὐτός: accusative feminine referring to the land.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατῴκησανthey dwelt / settledAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κατοικέωmain verb ('they settled in it')→ constative aorist (permanent settlement)κατοικέω: 'dwell / settle'; see v. 2; the third verb completes the sequence gift → inheritance → settlement, marking Israel's permanent dwelling as the realized end of the promise.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
αὐτῇitDativedative of place ('in it', the land)αὐτός: dative feminine referring to the land.
44

καὶ κατέπαυσεν αὐτοὺς κύριος κυκλόθεν καθότι ὤμοσεν τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀνέστη οὐθεὶς κατενώπιον αὐτῶν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν πάντας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν παρέδωκεν κύριος εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν

And the LORD gave them rest on every side, just as he swore to their fathers; not one of all their enemies stood before them; all their enemies the LORD delivered into their hands.

FULFILLMENT CAPSTONE (2 of 3): the LORD gave rest and total victoryκαὶ κατέπαυσεν αὐτοὺς κύριος
The second capstone-statement: YHWH gave Israel rest κυκλόθεν ('on every side'), the Deuteronomic 'rest from enemies' (Deut 12:10; 25:19) now achieved. The double negative οὐκ ἀνέστη οὐθεὶς ('not one stood') is absolute: no enemy could resist. The verse ends with παρέδωκεν κύριος ('the LORD delivered'), again making YHWH the sole agent of victory — the rest is his gift, not Israel's earning. This 'rest' (κατέπαυσεν / κατάπαυσις) becomes a key theological theme later applied typologically in Heb 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατέπαυσενgave restAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταπαύωmain verb (the LORD's gift of rest)→ constative aorist (the granting of rest)καταπαύω: 'cause to rest / give rest / make to cease'; renders הֵנִיחַ (Hiphil of נוּחַ); the verb of the Deuteronomic 'rest from all enemies round about' (Deut 12:10; 25:19); the cognate noun κατάπαυσις becomes the theological 'rest' of Ps 94(95):11 and Heb 3–4.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of κατέπαυσεν ('gave them rest')αὐτός: accusative plural referring to Israel.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (the giver of rest)κύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; again the sole subject — YHWH is the giver of rest as he was the giver of land (v. 43).
κυκλόθενon every sideadverb of place ('round about / on every side')κυκλόθεν: 'from all around / on every side'; renders מִסָּבִיב; the rest is comprehensive — Israel is secure against enemies in every direction, fulfilling the Deuteronomic promise.
καθότιjust ascomparative conjunction ('just as / according as')καθότι: 'just as / inasmuch as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; binds the gift of rest to the patriarchal oath, exactly as v. 43 bound the gift of land.
ὤμοσενhe sworeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ὀμνύωverb of comparative clause (the oath)→ constative aorist (the sworn promise)ὀμνύω: 'swear'; see v. 43; the repeated ὤμοσεν reinforces that rest, like land, was a sworn promise now kept.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with πατράσιν)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατράσινfathersDativedative indirect object ('to their fathers')πατήρ: 'father'; see v. 43; the patriarchs as recipients of the oath.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their fathers')αὐτός: referring to Israel.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀνέστη)οὐ: 'not'; with οὐθείς forms an emphatic double negative ('not … no one'), a Hebraism rendering לֹא … אִישׁ, asserting total absence of any successful resistance.
ἀνέστηstood / withstoodAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb ('not one stood before them')→ constative aorist (no successful resistance)ἀνίστημι: 'rise up / stand'; here 'withstand / make a stand against'; renders עָמַד / קוּם; οὐκ ἀνέστη οὐθείς ('no one stood up') declares that no enemy could resist Israel — the promise of 1:5 ('no one shall stand before you') fulfilled.
οὐθεὶςno oneNominativesubject ('no one withstood them')οὐθείς: 'no one / nothing'; the Hellenistic form of οὐδείς (with -θ-); the absolute subject of ἀνέστη — not a single enemy held his ground.
κατενώπιονbeforeimproper preposition + genitive ('before / in the presence of')κατενώπιον: 'before / in the face of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the spatial idiom 'before them' marks the field of battle on which no enemy could stand.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of κατενώπιον ('before them')αὐτός: referring to Israel.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of all their enemies')ἀπό: here partitive, 'of (among) all their enemies' — not one out of the entire number could resist.
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective ('all their enemies')πᾶς: 'all'; the totality of Israel's foes — none excepted.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐχθρῶν)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemiesGenitivegenitive (partitive: 'of all their enemies')ἐχθρός: 'enemy / hostile one'; renders אֹיֵב; the Canaanite nations and kings against whom Israel fought.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their enemies')αὐτός: referring to Israel.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (fronted: 'all their enemies')πᾶς: 'all'; the fronted πάντας τοὺς ἐχθρούς emphasizes the completeness of the victory — every enemy delivered up.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἐχθροὺς)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesAccusativefronted direct object of παρέδωκενἐχθρός: 'enemy'; the object of the LORD's delivering act.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their enemies')αὐτός: referring to Israel.
παρέδωκενdeliveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · παραδίδωμιmain verb ('the LORD delivered all their enemies')→ constative aorist (the decisive handing-over)παραδίδωμι: 'hand over / deliver up'; renders נָתַן בְּיַד; the technical idiom of holy war — YHWH gives the enemy 'into the hand' of Israel (cf. 6:2; 8:1; 10:8); the victory is the LORD's act, not Israel's prowess.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject (the deliverer)κύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the third occurrence in the verse, hammering home that every dimension of the triumph is YHWH's doing.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction: 'into their hands')εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χεῖρας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiomatic: 'into their hands')χείρ: 'hand'; the idiom εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ('into the hands') renders בְּיַד, the holy-war formula for total delivery of the enemy to the victor.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession ('their hands')αὐτός: referring to Israel.
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οὐ διέπεσεν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν καλῶν ὧν ἐλάλησεν κύριος τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ πάντα παρεγένετο

Not one of all the good words that the LORD spoke to the sons of Israel failed; all came to pass.

FULFILLMENT CAPSTONE (3 of 3): not one good word failed — all came to passοὐ διέπεσεν
The climactic third capstone-statement, and the theological summit of the book: οὐ διέπεσεν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν καλῶν … πάντα παρεγένετο — 'not one of all the good words the LORD spoke fell to the ground; all came to pass.' The verb διαπίπτω ('fall through / fail') with the partitive ἀπὸ πάντων, capped by the absolute πάντα παρεγένετο ('everything arrived/came true'), makes the most comprehensive possible claim for divine faithfulness. This verse is the touchstone of biblical covenant-reliability, restated almost verbatim by Joshua at 23:14 ('not one word has failed') and by Solomon at 1 Kgs 8:56 — the standard by which Scripture measures the trustworthiness of God's promises.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὐnotnegative particle (with διέπεσεν)οὐ: 'not'; the emphatic negation opening the climactic denial that any promise failed.
διέπεσενfailed / fell throughAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαπίπτωmain verb ('not one … failed')→ constative aorist (categorical denial of any failure)διαπίπτω: 'fall through / fail / come to nothing'; renders נָפַל ('fall', of a word failing, 1 Kgs 8:56; 4 Kgdms 10:10); the image is of a promise 'falling to the ground' unfulfilled — οὐ διέπεσεν asserts that not one word so fell.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of all the words')ἀπό: partitive, 'of (among) all the good words' — not a single one out of the entire number.
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective ('all the good words')πᾶς: 'all'; the totality of God's promises — the scope could not be more complete.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ῥημάτων)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥημάτωνwordsGenitivegenitive (partitive: 'of all the words')ῥῆμα: 'word / saying / thing spoken'; renders דָּבָר; here the LORD's promises — every divine 'word' of blessing spoken to Israel.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with καλῶν, attributive)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλῶνgoodGenitiveattributive adjective ('the good words')καλός: 'good / fine / beautiful'; renders טוֹב; τὰ ῥήματα τὰ καλά ('the good words') are the LORD's gracious promises of land, rest, and blessing — the 'good word' (הַדָּבָר הַטּוֹב) of 23:14–15.
ὧνwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν, attracted to genitive)ὅς: relative pronoun; the genitive ὧν is attracted to the case of its antecedent ῥημάτων ('the words which he spoke').
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause ('which the LORD spoke')→ constative aorist (the divine speaking of the promises)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the LORD's promissory speech to Israel, every instance of which has now come true.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐλάλησεν (the divine promiser)κύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the speaker of the good words, whose faithfulness the verse celebrates.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object ('to the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the recipients of the divine promises.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: see v. 1; the covenant nation, beneficiary of every fulfilled word.
πάνταall thingsNominativesubject of παρεγένετο ('all things came to pass')πᾶς: 'all / everything'; the neuter plural πάντα as subject sums up the whole: every promise, without exception, has been realized.
παρεγένετοcame to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · παραγίνομαιmain verb (climactic affirmation: 'all came to pass')→ constative aorist (consummated fulfillment of every promise)παραγίνομαι: 'come / arrive / come to pass'; renders בּוֹא ('come', of a word coming true); the singular verb with the neuter-plural subject πάντα is regular Greek; παρεγένετο ('it all arrived / came true') is the final, ringing affirmation of total divine faithfulness — the theological capstone not only of ch. 21 but of the whole conquest narrative (cf. 23:14; 1 Kgs 8:56).