Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 18ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ ΙΗ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Numbers 18 is the LORD's direct answer to the people's terror at the close of chapter 17 ('Behold, we are perishing, we are destroyed, we are all destroyed!

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 18 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Numbers 18 is the LORD's direct answer to the people's terror at the close of chapter 17 ('Behold, we are perishing, we are destroyed, we are all destroyed! Everyone who approaches the tabernacle of the LORD dies; are we to be utterly consumed?', 17:27–28): it defines the guardianship of the sanctuary as the joint, graduated charge of priests and Levites. The chapter divides into a charge (vv. 1–7), a catalogue of priestly dues (vv. 8–19), the inheritance-crux (v. 20), the Levitical tithe (vv. 21–24), and the tithe-of-the-tithe (vv. 25–32). Its lexical signature is the verb of bearing iniquity (λήμψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας, vv. 1, 23; cf. βαστάζω elsewhere): Aaron and his house 'shall bear the sins of the holy things and of the priesthood' (v. 1), a juridical liability-language whereby the priesthood absorbs the lethal danger of holiness so that 'there be no wrath upon the sons of Israel' (v. 5). The Levites are 'added/joined' (προστεθήτωσαν, προστεθήσονται, vv. 2, 4) — the verb pointing to the etymology of Levi (Gen 29:34) — as a 'gift given' (δόμα δεδομένον, v. 6) to the LORD; but neither they nor any ἀλλογενής ('outsider', vv. 4, 7) may approach the holy vessels or the altar on pain of death (vv. 3, 7). The dues catalogue (vv. 8–19) assigns to the priests τὴν διατήρησιν τῶν ἀπαρχῶν ('the keeping of the firstfruits'), the most holy offerings (τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων), the wave-offerings (ἐπιθέματα), the firstfruits of oil, wine and grain, every devoted thing (πᾶν ἀνατεθεματισμένον, v. 14), and every firstborn (πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν, v. 15) — yet the firstborn of man and of unclean beasts are redeemed (λυτρωθήσεται … λυτρώσῃ) at five shekels by the sanctuary shekel of twenty obols (v. 16), while the firstborn of clean animals are sacrificed. These gifts are sealed as a διαθήκη ἁλὸς αἰωνίου ('an everlasting covenant of salt', v. 19), a perpetual, incorruptible grant. The theological pivot is v. 20: 'In their land you shall not inherit, and you shall have no portion among them; I am your portion and your inheritance (ἐγὼ μερίς σου καὶ κληρονομία σου) in the midst of the sons of Israel' — the priest-and-Levite renunciation of territorial allotment grounded in the LORD himself as their possession (cf. Ps 15[16]:5; Lam 3:24; Deut 10:9; 18:1–2; Josh 13:14, 33; Ezek 44:28). In compensation the Levites receive every tithe (πᾶν ἐπιδέκατον, v. 21) 'in lot' (ἐν κλήρῳ) as wages for their service, themselves having no land-inheritance (vv. 21–24); and from that tithe the Levites must in turn lift out a 'tithe of the tithe' (ἐπιδέκατον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπιδεκάτου, v. 26) as the LORD's contribution (ἀφαίρεμα) given to Aaron the priest, reckoned to them as the produce of threshing-floor and winepress (vv. 25–32). The chapter's vocabulary of κληρονομία / μερίς / κλῆρος and of bearing-iniquity makes it a foundational text for the landless, danger-bearing, divinely-portioned status of Israel's clergy.

1

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων λέγων σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου καὶ ὁ οἶκος πατριᾶς σου λήμψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας τῶν ἁγίων καὶ σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου λήμψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας τῆς ἱερατείας ὑμῶν

And the LORD said to Aaron, saying, 'You and your sons and your father's house shall bear the sins of the holy things, and you and your sons shall bear the sins of your priesthood.'

New divine speech-act answering the people's death-terror of 17:27–28καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων
The chapter opens with YHWH addressing Aaron directly (πρὸς Ααρων), unusual in the Pentateuch where divine speech normally comes to Moses; the directness underscores that this is priestly legislation. The doubled λήμψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας ('you shall bear the sins') frames the whole charge: the priesthood is a liability-office, absorbing the lethal danger of approach to the holy so that the laity may live.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λέγω: 'say / speak'; the aorist εἶπεν introduces direct YHWH-speech; here addressed πρὸς Ααρων rather than to Moses, marking the chapter as priestly torah delivered to the high priest himself.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech to Aaron.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; as high priest Aaron is the direct recipient of this charge concerning the guardianship and the dues of the priesthood.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (Hebraizing complement of εἶπεν, = לֵאמֹר)→ redundant participle of speech (introducing direct discourse)λέγω (pres. part.): the pleonastic λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), a stereotyped marker introducing the content of direct speech; idiomatic LXX Hebraism.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic 2nd person sg pronoun: Aaron)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic nominative pronoun heads the list of those charged — Aaron first, then his sons and his father's house; the fronting foregrounds personal priestly responsibility.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with σύ)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοί σου = the Aaronide priests (Eleazar, Ithamar and their line) who share the priesthood proper, as distinct from the wider Levitical 'father's house.'
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with οἶκος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseNominativesubject (coordinate: 'the house of your father')→ participant prominenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; ὁ οἶκος πατριᾶς σου renders בֵּית אָבִיךָ ('your father's house'), the ancestral clan — here the wider Levitical line of Kohath/Levi accountable with the priests for the sanctuary's holiness.
πατριᾶςof fatherhood / ancestryGenitivegenitive of relationship (with οἶκος: 'house of ancestry')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal line / clan / ancestral house'; renders אָב in the construct phrase בֵּית אָב; the genitive defines the οἶκος as the patrilineal descent-group bearing collective liability.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
λήμψεσθεyou shall bearFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (legal assignment of liability)→ legislative future (binding statute presented as prediction)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive / bear'; the idiom λαμβάνειν ἁμαρτίαν renders נָשָׂא עָוֹן ('bear iniquity'), a juridical phrase meaning to carry the guilt-liability and its consequences (cf. v. 23; Lev 5:1; 22:9); the priests 'bear the sins' = they answer with their lives for any defilement of the sanctuary.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἁμαρτίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsAccusativedirect object of λήμψεσθε→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / guilt'; here in the OT sense of guilt-liability incurred by any breach of sanctuary holiness; τὰς ἁμαρτίας τῶν ἁγίων = the guilt attaching to the holy things, which the priests bear as their responsibility.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy things / sanctuaryGenitivegenitive (objective: the sins concerning the holy things)→ relational specificationἅγιος (subst. τὰ ἅγια): 'holy things / sanctuary'; renders מִקְדָּשׁ / קֹדֶשׁ; the genitive defines the sphere of liability — offences touching the consecrated objects and space, which only the priesthood may handle safely.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing parallel clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic, second clause: narrows to priests proper)→ participant referenceσύ: the second σύ narrows the liability of 'the priesthood' (ἱερατεία) specifically to Aaron and his sons, distinguished from the wider 'father's house' of the first clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with σύ)→ participant prominenceυἱοί: meaning 'sons'; it serves as subject (coordinate with σύ).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
λήμψεσθεyou shall bearFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (parallel liability-statute)→ legislative future (binding statute)λαμβάνω: repeated from the first clause; the second λήμψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας narrows the liability to the priesthood proper (τῆς ἱερατείας ὑμῶν), distinguishing priestly guilt (the office) from sanctuary guilt (the things).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἁμαρτίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsAccusativedirect object of λήμψεσθε→ object specificationἁμαρτία: here the guilt-liability of the priestly office itself — failures in the cultic duties belong to the priests alone to answer for.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἱερατείας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατείαςpriesthoodGenitivegenitive (objective: the sins concerning your priesthood)→ relational specificationἱερατεία: 'priesthood / priestly office'; renders כְּהֻנָּה; the abstract noun designates the priestly service as an institution; its guilt-liability is borne by Aaron and his sons exclusively, the holy core within the wider Levitical guard.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd pl: of you priests)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (2nd pl: of you priests).
2

καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου φυλὴν Λευι δῆμον τοῦ πατρός σου προσαγάγου πρὸς σεαυτόν καὶ προστεθήτωσάν σοι καὶ λειτουργείτωσάν σοι καὶ σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου μετὰ σοῦ ἀπέναντι τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And bring near to yourself also your brothers, the tribe of Levi, the clan of your father, and let them be joined to you and minister to you, while you and your sons with you are before the tent of meeting.

Continuation of the charge: the Levites attached to assist the priestsκαὶ τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου
The verb προστεθήτωσαν ('let them be joined / added') puns on the etymology of Levi (Hebrew lwh, 'be joined', Gen 29:34): the Levites are the 'joined-ones' attached to the Aaronide priesthood. They minister (λειτουργείτωσαν) to the priests, but the spatial note ἀπέναντι τῆς σκηνῆς ('before / opposite the tent') keeps them outside the inner holy sphere reserved for Aaron and his sons.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀδελφούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφούςbrothersAccusativedirect object of προσαγάγου (fronted)→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother / kinsman'; renders אָח; here the Levites are Aaron's 'brothers' — fellow tribesmen of Levi but not of the priestly line, to be brought near as assistants.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
φυλὴνtribeAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ἀδελφούς→ object specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; φυλὴν Λευι identifies the 'brothers' as the whole tribe of Levi, the cultic tribe set apart for tabernacle service.
Λευιof Levigenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Levi')→ participant identificationΛευι: transliteration of Hebrew לֵוִי; indeclinable; the tribal name whose root (lwh, 'to join') is activated by προστεθήτωσαν below.
δῆμονclan / peopleAccusativeaccusative in apposition to φυλήν→ object specificationδῆμος: 'people / clan / district'; in the LXX Pentateuch δῆμος commonly renders מִשְׁפָּחָה ('clan / family'); δῆμον τοῦ πατρός σου = the ancestral clan of Levi to which Aaron himself belongs.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with πατρός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive of relationship (with δῆμον)→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; δῆμον τοῦ πατρός σου renders מִשְׁפַּחַת אָבִיךָ, the paternal clan; it binds Aaron and the Levites in one descent-group while preserving their distinct functions.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
προσαγάγουbring nearAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · προσάγωmain verb (divine imperative to Aaron)→ ingressive aorist imperative (decisive act of attaching the Levites)προσάγω (aor. mid. impv.): 'bring near / present'; the middle προσαγάγου = 'bring near to yourself'; a cultic verb of presentation (cf. προσφέρω), here for incorporating the Levites into the priestly orbit; the same root underlies the prohibition οὐ προσελεύσονται below (vv. 3–4).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
σεαυτόνyourselfAccusativereflexive pronoun, object of πρός→ participant referenceσεαυτοῦ: 'yourself'; reflexive; the Levites are brought into association specifically with Aaron, the high priest, as his attendants.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προστεθήτωσάνlet them be joinedAor Pass Impv 3 Pl · προστίθημιmain verb (third-person imperative: command concerning the Levites)→ ingressive aorist imperative (let them be added/attached)προστίθημι (aor. pass. impv.): 'add / join / attach'; renders לָוָה (Niphal), the very verb from which Levi (לֵוִי) is etymologized at Gen 29:34 ('this time my husband will be joined to me'); the LXX preserves the wordplay: the tribe of Levi is the 'joined' tribe, here joined to Aaron.
σοιto youDativedative of association (with προστεθήτωσαν)→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of association (with προστεθήτωσαν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λειτουργείτωσάνlet them ministerPres Act Impv 3 Pl · λειτουργέωmain verb (third-person imperative: ongoing service)→ durative present imperative (continual cultic service)λειτουργέω: 'minister / serve (in a cultic or public office)'; renders שֵׁרֵת; the present imperative marks habitual, ongoing service; the Levites' λειτουργία is assisting the priests in the manual and guard-duties of the tent (cf. vv. 4, 6, 21, 23, 31).
σοιto youDativedative of advantage (whom they serve)→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (whom they serve).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing priestly clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic: Aaron and his sons distinguished)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic pronoun re-asserts the distinction — while the Levites minister generally, you (Aaron) and your sons hold the position 'before the tent of meeting,' i.e. the priestly station nearer the holy.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with σύ)→ participant prominenceυἱοί: meaning 'sons'; it serves as subject (coordinate with σύ).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά (accompaniment)→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά (accompaniment).
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeimproper preposition + genitive (position)→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: 'before / opposite / in front of'; renders לִפְנֵי / נֶגֶד; the priestly station ἀπέναντι τῆς σκηνῆς keeps Aaron and his sons stationed at the tent — nearer the holy than the Levites, who guard its perimeter.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive object of ἀπέναντι→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל / מִשְׁכָּן; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου = the 'tent of witness/meeting,' the central sanctuary whose holiness the whole guardianship-system protects.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive: 'of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου renders אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד; the LXX read mwʿd ('meeting') in connection with ʿd ('witness/testimony'), hence 'tent of witness'; the standard LXX designation of the sanctuary.
3

καὶ φυλάξονται τὰς φυλακάς σου καὶ τὰς φυλακὰς τῆς σκηνῆς πλὴν πρὸς τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια καὶ πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον οὐ προσελεύσονται καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανοῦνται καὶ οὗτοι καὶ ὑμεῖς

And they shall keep your charges and the charges of the tent; only they shall not approach the holy vessels or the altar, that neither they nor you may die.

Specification of the Levitical guard-duty and its lethal boundaryκαὶ φυλάξονται
The cognate-accusative φυλάξονται τὰς φυλακάς ('they shall guard the guard-duties') renders the Hebrew שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת. The adversative πλήν marks the lethal boundary: the Levites guard everything except the holy vessels and the altar, which they may not approach (οὐ προσελεύσονται) lest both they and the priests die — the danger of holiness is mutual and absolute.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξονταιthey shall keepFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (Levitical guard-duty)→ legislative future (assigned duty)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / watch'; the cognate phrase φυλάσσειν φυλακάς renders שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת ('keep the charge/watch'), a technical term for the Levites' custodial duty over the sanctuary's perimeter and apparatus.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακάςcharges / watchesAccusativecognate accusative (direct object of φυλάξονται)→ object specificationφυλακή: 'guard / watch / charge'; the cognate accusative with φυλάσσω renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת; τὰς φυλακάς σου = 'your duties' (those owed to Aaron) and τὰς φυλακὰς τῆς σκηνῆς = 'the duties of the tent' (its general upkeep and protection).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (Aaron's charges)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Aaron's charges).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὰςchargesAccusativecognate accusative (second object: charges of the tent)→ object specificationφυλακὰς: meaning 'charges'; it serves as cognate accusative (second object: charges of the tent).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (objective: charges concerning the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; the Levitical custody covers the whole structure and its non-holy apparatus.
πλὴνonly / exceptadversative/restrictive particle (marking the lethal exception)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / only / nevertheless'; renders אַךְ / רַק; the restrictive particle introduces the absolute boundary — the Levites' custody stops short of the holy vessels and the altar.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (with προσελεύσονται: approach toward)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (with προσελεύσονται: approach toward).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; renders כְּלֵי; τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια = the holy vessels of the inner sanctuary (ark, table, lampstand, etc.) which only the priests may handle (cf. Num 4:15).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive position with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / consecrated'; the attributive τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια marks these vessels as charged with lethal holiness, off-limits to Levite and layman alike.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (approach toward the altar)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (approach toward the altar).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; an LXX coinage (from θυσιάζω) reserved largely for the legitimate altar of YHWH, rendering מִזְבֵּחַ; approaching it is a priestly prerogative whose violation is fatal.
οὐnotnegative particle (with προσελεύσονται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσελεύσονταιthey shall approachFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb (prohibition: they shall not approach)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)προσέρχομαι: 'come near / approach'; in cultic contexts 'approach' the holy is a charged technical act; the future with οὐ functions as a categorical prohibition (cf. v. 4, 22) — unauthorized approach to the holy is the very danger that terrified the people in 17:27–28.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀποθανοῦνται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανοῦνταιthey shall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (purpose/result: that they not die)→ result future (the boundary preserves life)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the clause καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανοῦνται expresses the saving purpose of the boundary — keeping their proper station preserves both Levites and priests from the death that unlawful approach to the holy brings (cf. v. 7; 4:15, 20).
καὶbothcoordinating καί … καί ('both … and')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί … καί: the correlative pair 'both … and' (καὶ οὗτοι καὶ ὑμεῖς) makes the death-danger mutual: it threatens the Levites (οὗτοι) and the priests (ὑμεῖς) alike if the boundary is breached.
οὗτοιtheseNominativesubject (resumptive: the Levites)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'this one / these'; οὗτοι = the Levites just spoken of; paired with ὑμεῖς (the priests) it emphasizes shared liability.
καὶandcorrelative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (the priests)→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: 2nd person plural pronoun, here Aaron and his sons; the priests too die if the Levitical boundary is not maintained — holiness is no respecter of office.
4

καὶ προστεθήσονται πρὸς σὲ καὶ φυλάξονται τὰς φυλακὰς τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου κατὰ πάσας τὰς λειτουργίας τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὐ προσελεύσεται πρὸς σέ

And they shall be joined to you and keep the charges of the tent of meeting, according to all the services of the tent; and the stranger shall not approach you.

Restatement of the Levitical attachment with the exclusion of the outsiderκαὶ προστεθήσονται πρὸς σὲ
The verse repeats προστεθήσονται ('they shall be joined', the Levi-pun) and φυλάξονται τὰς φυλακάς, then introduces the key figure ὁ ἀλλογενής ('the outsider / one of another stock'): anyone not of the joined Levitical tribe may not approach. This term recurs at v. 7 and is the LXX's standard rendering of זָר ('layperson / unauthorized one') in priestly law.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προστεθήσονταιthey shall be joinedFut Pass Indic 3 Pl · προστίθημιmain verb (Levitical attachment)→ legislative future (standing attachment)προστίθημι (fut. pass.): 'be added / joined'; resumes the Levi-wordplay of v. 2 (λָוָה); the future-passive states the permanent institutional fact: the Levites are joined to the priesthood as its auxiliary.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of attachment)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of attachment).
σὲyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Aaron)→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Aaron).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξονταιthey shall keepFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (guard-duty)→ legislative future (assigned duty)φυλάσσω: the cognate phrase φυλάξονται τὰς φυλακάς (= שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת) repeats the custodial assignment of v. 3, now extended κατὰ πάσας τὰς λειτουργίας ('according to all the services').
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὰςchargesAccusativecognate accusative (object of φυλάξονται)→ object specificationφυλακή: 'guard / charge'; renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת; the duties owed to the tent of meeting.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (objective: charges of the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive (objective: charges of the tent).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the standard LXX 'tent of witness' (= אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm / extent)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / throughout'; κατὰ πάσας τὰς λειτουργίας defines the scope of the Levitical custody as covering every service of the tent.
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (with λειτουργίας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the Levitical charge embraces the totality of the tent's services.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with λειτουργίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαςservicesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationλειτουργία: 'service / ministry (cultic or public)'; renders עֲבֹדָה; the manual and custodial labor of the tabernacle assigned to the Levites (cf. vv. 6, 21, 23, 31).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (objective: services of the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive (objective: services of the tent).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing exclusion)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἀλλογενής)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλογενὴςstranger / outsiderNominativesubject (the unauthorized layperson)→ participant prominenceἀλλογενής: 'of another race / stock; outsider'; a distinctive LXX rendering of זָר ('layperson, one outside the priestly-Levitical order'); here not a foreigner but anyone not of the joined tribe of Levi; recurs at v. 7 with the death-penalty (ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ προσπορευόμενος ἀποθανεῖται).
οὐnotnegative particle (with προσελεύσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσελεύσεταιshall approachFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · προσέρχομαιmain verb (prohibition: the outsider shall not approach)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)προσέρχομαι: 'come near / approach'; the singular ὁ ἀλλογενὴς … οὐ προσελεύσεται bars the non-Levite from the sanctuary on pain of death (v. 7); the prohibition directly addresses the people's terror of fatal approach (17:27–28).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Aaron)→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Aaron).
5

καὶ φυλάξεσθε τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν ἁγίων καὶ τὰς φυλακὰς τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ οὐκ ἔσται θυμὸς ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ

And you shall keep the charges of the holy things and the charges of the altar, that there be no wrath upon the sons of Israel.

The purpose of the priestly guard: averting wrath from Israelκαὶ φυλάξεσθε
Now addressed to the priests (φυλάξεσθε, 2nd plural), the verse states the rationale of the whole guardianship: the priests' custody of the holy things and altar exists so that 'there be no wrath (θυμός) upon the sons of Israel.' The danger that terrified the people (17:27–28) is contained by the priesthood, which interposes between the lethal holiness of the sanctuary and the lay community.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξεσθεyou shall keepFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (priestly guard-duty over the holy things)→ legislative future (binding charge to the priests)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep'; now 2nd plural, addressed to the priests; the cognate φυλάξεσθε τὰς φυλακάς (= שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת) assigns to Aaron and his sons the inner custody of the holy things and altar that the Levites may not touch.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὰςchargesAccusativecognate accusative (object of φυλάξεσθε)→ object specificationφυλακή: 'guard / charge'; τὰς φυλακὰς τῶν ἁγίων = the custody of the holy things, the inner-sanctuary duty reserved to priests.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivegenitive (objective: charges of the holy things)→ relational specificationἅγιος (subst. τὰ ἅγια): 'holy things / sanctuary'; the priestly custody covers the consecrated objects and space.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὰςchargesAccusativecognate accusative (second object: charges of the altar)→ object specificationφυλακὰς: meaning 'charges'; it serves as cognate accusative (second object: charges of the altar).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θυσιαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive (objective: charges of the altar)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (= מִזְבֵּחַ); the altar-service is the priestly prerogative par excellence, requiring its own custody.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing purpose-result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔσται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιthere shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (result clause: that wrath not be)→ result future (the desired absence of wrath)εἰμί (fut.): 'be / exist'; the clause καὶ οὐκ ἔσται θυμός states the saving purpose of the priestly guard — proper custody averts divine wrath against the whole nation.
θυμὸςwrathNominativesubject (the wrath to be averted)→ participant prominenceθυμός: 'anger / wrath / fury'; renders קֶצֶף ('outburst of wrath'); the term for the eruptive divine anger that strikes when holiness is violated (cf. the plague of 17:11–12); the priesthood's guard prevents its recurrence.
ἐνupon / amongpreposition + dative (locative: against the people)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: against the people).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative object of ἐν→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') = the covenant nation, shielded from wrath by the priestly guard.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; the covenant people whose protection from wrath is the goal of the whole guardianship-system.
6

καὶ ἐγὼ εἴληφα τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὑμῶν τοὺς Λευίτας ἐκ μέσου τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ δόμα δεδομένον κυρίῳ λειτουργεῖν τὰς λειτουργίας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And I myself have taken your brothers the Levites from the midst of the sons of Israel as a gift given to the LORD, to perform the services of the tent of meeting.

Divine self-declaration grounding the Levites' status as a giftκαὶ ἐγὼ εἴληφα
The emphatic ἐγὼ εἴληφα ('I myself have taken') grounds the Levites' role in a divine act of selection. The figura etymologica δόμα δεδομένον ('a gift given', from δίδωμι) renders the Hebrew נְתֻנִים ('given ones'): the Levites are YHWH's own gift, set apart from Israel and dedicated to him for tabernacle service (cf. Num 3:9; 8:16, 19).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic first-person pronoun: YHWH)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun stresses divine agency — it is YHWH himself who has selected the Levites; their status is not a human arrangement but a divine appointment.
εἴληφαI have takenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine selection of the Levites)→ resultative perfect (a settled, accomplished act with enduring effect)λαμβάνω (perf.): 'take / receive'; the perfect εἴληφα marks a completed act of selection whose effect abides — the Levites stand permanently taken out from Israel; renders לָקַח (cf. Num 3:12; 8:16, where YHWH 'takes' the Levites in place of the firstborn).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀδελφούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοὺςbrothersAccusativedirect object of εἴληφα→ object specificationἀδελφός: 'brother / kinsman'; the Levites are again called the priests' 'brothers' (cf. v. 2), fellow-tribesmen taken to assist them.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (2nd pl: of you priests)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (2nd pl: of you priests).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (in apposition, with Λευίτας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταςLevitesAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ἀδελφούς→ object specificationΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the gentilic of Λευι; the apposition 'your brothers the Levites' identifies the assistant class precisely; declinable (unlike Λευι), it takes Greek case-endings.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation: out of the midst)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: out of the midst).
μέσουmidstGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (ἐκ μέσου: 'from among')→ relational specificationμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐκ μέσου τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ renders מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ('from the midst of the sons of Israel'); the Levites are separated out from the laity to belong wholly to YHWH.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (with μέσου: midst of the sons)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (with μέσου: midst of the sons).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
δόμαa giftAccusativeaccusative in apposition / predicate to ἀδελφούς (as a gift)→ object specificationδόμα: 'gift'; with the cognate participle δεδομένον forms a figura etymologica (δόμα δεδομένον, 'a given gift') rendering the Hebrew נְתֻנִים נְתֻנִים ('wholly given'); the Levites are conceived as a dedicated offering.
δεδομένονgivenPerf Pass Part Acc Neut Sg · δίδωμιattributive participle (modifying δόμα)→ resultative perfect participle (in a state of dedicated givenness)δίδωμι (perf. pass. part.): 'give'; the perfect participle δεδομένον describes the Levites' settled status as 'given over' to YHWH; the cognate pairing with δόμα intensifies the sense of total dedication (cf. Num 8:16, נְתֻנִים).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (to whom the gift is given)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the Levites are given as a gift to YHWH himself, then assigned by him to assist the priests — a double dedication.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Infin · λειτουργέωepexegetical infinitive of purpose (the aim of the gift)→ durative present infinitive (ongoing cultic service)λειτουργέω: 'minister / serve'; the infinitive of purpose specifies why the Levites are given — to perform the services of the tent; the present aspect marks continual, lifelong ministry.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with λειτουργίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαςservicesAccusativecognate accusative (object of λειτουργεῖν)→ object specificationλειτουργία: 'service / ministry'; the cognate accusative λειτουργεῖν τὰς λειτουργίας (= עָבַד עֲבֹדָה) denotes the full round of tabernacle labor entrusted to the Levites.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (objective: services of the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive (objective: services of the tent).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the 'tent of witness' (= אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד).
7

καὶ σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου μετὰ σοῦ διατηρήσετε τὴν ἱερατείαν ὑμῶν κατὰ πάντα τρόπον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ τὸ ἔνδοθεν τοῦ καταπετάσματος καὶ λειτουργήσετε τὰς λειτουργίας δόμα τῆς ἱερατείας ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ προσπορευόμενος ἀποθανεῖται

But you and your sons with you shall maintain your priesthood in every matter of the altar and within the veil, and you shall perform the services as a gift of your priesthood; and the stranger who approaches shall die.

Climax of the charge: the priestly office and its lethal exclusivityκαὶ σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου
The charge climaxes by reserving to Aaron and his sons alone the inner sphere — 'every matter of the altar and within the veil (τὸ ἔνδοθεν τοῦ καταπετάσματος)' — the most holy space. The priesthood is itself a 'gift' (δόμα τῆς ἱερατείας). The closing death-sentence ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ προσπορευόμενος ἀποθανεῖται seals the section: any outsider who approaches dies, the definitive answer to 17:27–28.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (mildly adversative: but you)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic: Aaron, set over against the Levites)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic pronoun marks the contrast — over against the Levites' general service, you (Aaron) and your sons hold the priesthood proper with its inner-sanctuary access.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with σύ)→ participant prominenceυἱοί: meaning 'sons'; it serves as subject (coordinate with σύ).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
διατηρήσετεyou shall maintainFut Act Indic 2 Pl · διατηρέωmain verb (priestly maintenance of the office)→ legislative future (binding charge)διατηρέω: 'keep carefully / maintain / preserve'; the intensive δια- compound (cf. the noun διατήρησις in v. 8) stresses sustained, vigilant guardianship; the priests are to 'maintain' the priesthood as an enduring trust; renders שָׁמַר.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἱερατείαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατείανpriesthoodAccusativedirect object of διατηρήσετε→ object specificationἱερατεία: 'priesthood / priestly office' (= כְּהֻנָּה); the object of the priests' careful maintenance, embracing altar-service and the inner veil-sphere.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰaccording to / inpreposition + accusative (norm / respect)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / in respect of'; κατὰ πάντα τρόπον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου = 'in every matter/manner of the altar,' defining the full scope of priestly altar-duty.
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (with τρόπον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the priestly duty covers every aspect of the altar's service.
τρόπονmanner / matterAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationτρόπος: 'way / manner / matter'; κατὰ πάντα τρόπον = 'in every respect'; here the comprehensive ritual handling of the altar reserved to priests.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with θυσιαστηρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarGenitivegenitive of reference (with τρόπον: matters of the altar)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (= מִזְבֵּחַ); its full ritual service is the priests' exclusive domain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἔνδοθεν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδοθενwithin / the insideAccusativeadverb substantivized by τό (accusative of respect: 'the area within')→ object specificationἔνδοθεν: 'from within / inside'; substantivized by the article (τὸ ἔνδοθεν), 'the inner space within the veil'; renders מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת ('within the veil'), the Holy of Holies, access to which is the supreme priestly privilege.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with καταπετάσματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςveil / curtainGenitivegenitive (with ἔνδοθεν: within the veil)→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain'; renders פָּרֹכֶת, the curtain dividing the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies (Exod 26:31–33); 'within the veil' is the most holy zone, entered only by the high priest (cf. Lev 16); the same term marks the torn temple-veil at Christ's death in the NT (Matt 27:51).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λειτουργήσετεyou shall performFut Act Indic 2 Pl · λειτουργέωmain verb (priestly cultic service)→ legislative future (binding charge)λειτουργέω: 'minister / serve'; the priests too 'perform the services' but in the inner sphere the Levites cannot enter; the cognate λειτουργήσετε τὰς λειτουργίας repeats the service-vocabulary of vv. 4, 6.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with λειτουργίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαςservicesAccusativecognate accusative (object of λειτουργήσετε)→ object specificationλειτουργία: 'service / ministry'; the cultic duties of the priesthood.
δόμαa giftAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the priesthood as a gift)→ object specificationδόμα: 'gift'; δόμα τῆς ἱερατείας ὑμῶν = 'as a gift of your priesthood'; as the Levites were a δόμα to YHWH (v. 6), so the priesthood itself is a δόμα — a graciously bestowed office, not a self-claimed privilege (cf. Heb 5:4).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἱερατείας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερατείαςpriesthoodGenitivegenitive (epexegetical: the gift consisting of the priesthood)→ relational specificationἱερατεία: 'priesthood'; the office is the content of the gift.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the death-sentence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἀλλογενής)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλογενὴςstranger / outsiderNominativesubject (the unauthorized layperson)→ participant prominenceἀλλογενής: 'outsider / one of another stock' (= זָר); anyone outside the Levitical-priestly order; the participle that follows specifies the lethal act — approaching.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (with the participle προσπορευόμενος, attributive)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσπορευόμενοςwho approachesPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · προσπορεύομαιattributive participle (modifying ἀλλογενής: the one approaching)→ durative present participle (anyone in the act of approaching)προσπορεύομαι: 'come near / approach'; the articular present participle ὁ προσπορευόμενος = 'whoever approaches'; the cultic 'drawing near' that is fatal for the non-priest; renders הַקָּרֵב ('the one drawing near').
ἀποθανεῖταιshall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (death-sentence on the trespasser)→ legislative future (capital sanction)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the apodictic death-sentence ὁ … προσπορευόμενος ἀποθανεῖται renders the Hebrew מוֹת יוּמָת / יָמוּת pattern of capital priestly law; it is the categorical answer to the people's fearful question 'are we all to perish?' (17:28) — yes, if the boundary is breached, but the priesthood now guards it.
8

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων καὶ ἐγὼ ἰδοὺ δέδωκα ὑμῖν τὴν διατήρησιν τῶν ἀπαρχῶν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἡγιασμένων μοι παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτὰ εἰς γέρας καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου μετὰ σέ νόμιμον αἰώνιον

And the LORD spoke to Aaron: 'And behold, I have given you the keeping of the firstfruits, from all the things consecrated to me by the sons of Israel; to you I have given them as a perquisite, and to your sons after you, an everlasting ordinance.'

New speech-unit opening the catalogue of priestly duesκαὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων
A fresh speech-formula (ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων) opens the second major section: the dues of the priesthood. The emphatic ἐγὼ ἰδοὺ δέδωκα ('and behold, I myself have given') introduces a series of perfect δέδωκα forms (vv. 8, 11, 12, 19, 21) cataloguing the grant. The priests, who bear the sanctuary's danger, receive its consecrated revenues as their living (εἰς γέρας, 'as a perquisite').
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֵּר (Piel); the formula ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων opens the second divine address, on priestly dues; again directly to Aaron, not via Moses.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the divine giver of the priestly portions.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable (= אַהֲרֹן); the high priest, recipient of the dues-grant.
καὶandconjunction (Hebraizing: opening of direct speech with καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the speech itself opens with καί (= וְ), a Hebraism; the direct discourse begins abruptly with the emphatic 'and I, behold.'
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic first-person pronoun: YHWH)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun stresses the divine donor — it is YHWH himself who grants the priestly revenues.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (calling attention to the grant)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; a presentative interjection (frozen aor. mid. impv. of ὁράω) drawing attention to the solemn act of giving that follows.
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the grant of priestly dues)→ resultative perfect (a settled grant with abiding force)δίδωμι (perf.): 'give'; the perfect δέδωκα marks the grant as a completed, standing endowment; it recurs as the leitmotif of the dues-catalogue (vv. 8, 11, 12, 19, 21, 24), each time conferring a permanent right; renders נָתַתִּי.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of recipient (the priests)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (the priests).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with διατήρησιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διατήρησινkeeping / chargeAccusativedirect object of δέδωκα→ object specificationδιατήρησις: 'keeping / safe-custody'; cognate with διατηρέω (v. 7); 'the keeping of the firstfruits' = the priests' entrusted right to receive and retain the consecrated offerings (rendering מִשְׁמֶרֶת תְּרוּמֹתַי, 'the charge of my contributions').
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἀπαρχῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχῶνfirstfruits / offeringsGenitivegenitive (objective: keeping of the firstfruits)→ relational specificationἀπαρχή: 'firstfruits / first portion / contribution'; renders תְּרוּמָה ('contribution, heave-offering') and רֵאשִׁית ('firstfruits'); the consecrated revenues lifted off for YHWH and assigned to the priests (cf. vv. 11–12, 29).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἡγιασμένων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the grant covers all the consecrated things of Israel.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἡγιασμένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμένωνconsecrated thingsPerf Pass Part Gen Neut Pl · ἁγιάζωsubstantival participle (genitive of source: the consecrated things)→ resultative perfect participle (things in a state of consecration)ἁγιάζω (perf. pass. part.): 'sanctify / consecrate'; τῶν ἡγιασμένων μοι = 'the things consecrated to me'; the perfect marks their settled holy status; renders קָדְשֵׁי ('holy gifts'); these dedicated items become priestly revenue.
μοιto meDativedative of recipient (with ἡγιασμένων: consecrated to me)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (with ἡγιασμένων: consecrated to me).
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: from the sons of Israel)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: from the sons of Israel).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive object of παρά (source).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
σοὶto youDativedative of recipient (emphatic, fronted: to you)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοί): the emphatic fronted dative singles out Aaron personally as the primary recipient of the priestly portions.
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (restated grant)→ resultative perfect (settled grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the repeated δέδωκα re-emphasizes the standing nature of the gift; the doubling 'I have given … to you I have given' is Hebraic emphasis.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the consecrated things)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'it / them'; the neuter plural refers back to τὰ ἡγιασμένα, the consecrated revenues now made over to the priest.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (purpose/predicate: as a perquisite)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here predicative, 'as / for'; εἰς γέρας = 'as a perquisite/portion' (a Hebraizing εἰς of result rendering לְ).
γέραςperquisite / portion of honorAccusativeaccusative (predicate of αὐτά: given as a perquisite)→ object specificationγέρας: 'gift of honor / privilege / perquisite'; a dignified Homeric term for an honorific portion; renders מָשְׁחָה ('anointed-portion, allotted share'); the priestly dues are an honorarium befitting the sacred office, not mere wages.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of recipient (coordinate: to your sons)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the grant extends to Aaron's descendants, making it a hereditary endowment.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (succession: after you)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετὰ σέ = 'after you,' marking the perpetual hereditary transmission of the grant.
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of μετά→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of μετά.
νόμιμονan ordinanceAccusativeaccusative in apposition (predicate: as a perpetual statute)→ object specificationνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance / legal due'; renders חָק / חֻקָּה; the phrase νόμιμον αἰώνιον ('everlasting ordinance') is the standard LXX seal of perpetual priestly legislation (cf. vv. 11, 19, 23; Exod 29:9; Lev 6:18).
αἰώνιονeverlastingAccusativeattributive adjective (with νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: 'eternal / perpetual / age-long'; renders עוֹלָם; marks the grant as a permanent institution binding all future generations.
9

καὶ τοῦτο ἔστω ὑμῖν ἀπὸ τῶν ἡγιασμένων ἁγίων τῶν καρπωμάτων ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν δώρων αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν θυσιασμάτων αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης πλημμελείας αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὅσα ἀποδιδόασίν μοι ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων σοὶ ἔσται καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου

And this shall be yours from the most holy things, from the offerings: from all their gifts and from all their sacrifices and from all their trespass-offerings and from all their sin-offerings, whatever they render to me — from all the holy things it shall be yours and your sons'.

Enumeration of the most holy priestly portionsκαὶ τοῦτο ἔστω ὑμῖν
The verse itemizes the 'most holy' (τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων) revenues reserved for the priests: gifts, sacrifices, trespass- and sin-offerings. The repeated ἀπό … ἀπό … ἀπό catalogues the offering-types comprehensively; the relative ὅσα ἀποδιδόασίν μοι ('whatever they render to me') sweeps up the totality. These are the holiest dues, to be eaten only in the sanctuary (v. 10).
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative: 'this portion')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; τοῦτο introduces the itemized portion that follows, anticipating the catalogue of offering-types.
ἔστωlet it bePres Act Impv 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (legislative imperative: let this be yours)→ durative present imperative (standing allotment)εἰμί (pres. impv. ἔστω): 'let it be'; the third-person imperative legislates the standing allotment; renders the jussive יִהְיֶה.
ὑμῖνyoursDativedative of possession (with ἔστω)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (with ἔστω).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source/partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/partitive).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἡγιασμένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμένωνconsecrated thingsPerf Pass Part Gen Neut Pl · ἁγιάζωsubstantival participle (genitive of source)→ resultative perfect participle (in a state of consecration)ἁγιάζω (perf. pass. part.): 'consecrate'; τῶν ἡγιασμένων ἁγίων = 'the most holy of consecrated things'; the participle + ἁγίων forms a superlative-like phrase (= קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים), the highest grade of offering.
ἁγίωνof the holy things / most holyGenitivepartitive genitive (the most holy among the consecrated things)→ relational specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων = 'the most holy things,' the highest grade of offering (sin-, trespass-, grain-offerings) eaten only by priests in the holy place (Lev 6–7).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with καρπωμάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπωμάτωνofferings / burnt-portionsGenitivegenitive in apposition (specifying the consecrated things)→ relational specificationκάρπωμα: 'offering presented by fire / fruit-offering'; an LXX cultic coinage (from καρπόω, 'offer by fire') rendering אִשֶּׁה / קָרְבָּן; the fire-offerings, parts of which fall to the priest.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with δώρων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the catalogue is comprehensive — every category of offering yields a priestly portion.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with δώρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δώρωνgiftsGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering'; renders קָרְבָּן / מִנְחָה; the general term for sacrificial gifts brought by the people.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the people's gifts)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the people's gifts).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with θυσιασμάτων)→ relational specificationπάντων: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with θυσιασμάτων).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with θυσιασμάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιασμάτωνsacrificesGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationθυσίασμα: 'sacrifice / sacrificial offering'; cognate with θυσία / θυσιάζω; renders זֶבַח; the slain-offerings whose priestly portions are assigned here.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάσηςeveryGenitiveattributive adjective (with πλημμελείας)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'every'; every trespass-offering yields a priestly portion.
πλημμελείαςtrespass-offeringGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationπλημμέλεια: 'fault / trespass / guilt-offering'; renders אָשָׁם ('guilt-offering'); the most-holy reparation sacrifice whose flesh is eaten by the priests (Lev 7:1–7).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πασῶνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἁμαρτιῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; every sin-offering yields a priestly portion.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἁμαρτιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτιῶνsin-offeringsGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: here 'sin-offering' (by metonymy, as Hebrew חַטָּאת denotes both 'sin' and 'sin-offering'); the LXX uses ἁμαρτία / περὶ ἁμαρτίας for the purification sacrifice (Lev 4–5), whose flesh the priests eat in the holy place.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀποδιδόασιν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as / whatever'; the relative ὅσα ἀποδιδόασίν μοι sweeps up all that the people render, summarizing the catalogue.
ἀποδιδόασίνthey renderPres Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποδίδωμιverb of relative clause (what the people pay)→ customary present (habitual rendering of offerings)ἀποδίδωμι: 'give back / render / pay (what is due)'; the ἀπο- compound stresses obligation discharged; renders שׁוּב / נָתַן; the offerings are dues owed to YHWH and rendered to him.
μοιto meDativedative of recipient (to YHWH)→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (to YHWH).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (recapitulating source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (recapitulating source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἁγίων)→ relational specificationπάντων: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ἁγίων).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivegenitive of source (recapitulating: from all the holy things)→ relational specificationἅγιος (subst. τὰ ἅγια): 'holy things'; the summary 'from all the holy things' closes the catalogue and assigns the whole to the priests.
σοὶyoursDativedative of possession (emphatic: it shall be yours)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (emphatic: it shall be yours).
ἔσταιit shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; σοὶ ἔσται = 'it shall be yours,' the standard formula assigning the dues as priestly property (cf. vv. 13, 14, 15, 18).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of possession (coordinate: and your sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱοῖς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as dative of possession (coordinate: and your sons').
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
10

ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ τῶν ἁγίων φάγεσθε αὐτά πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν φάγεται αὐτά σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου ἅγια ἔσται σοι

In the most holy place you shall eat them; every male shall eat them — you and your sons; they shall be holy to you.

Rule governing consumption of the most holy portionsἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ τῶν ἁγίων
The most holy portions are subject to strict consumption-rules: they must be eaten 'in the most holy place' (ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ τῶν ἁγίων), and only by males of the priestly line (πᾶν ἀρσενικόν). Their holiness (ἅγια ἔσται σοι) demands containment within the sanctuary and the priestly household — in contrast to the lesser dues of v. 11, which any clean member of the priest's house may eat.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἁγίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy placeDativedative of place (locative: in the most holy place)→ sphere or referenceἅγιος (subst. τὸ ἅγιον): 'holy place'; ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ τῶν ἁγίων = 'in the most holy place' (= בְּקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים), here denoting the holy precinct where the most holy offerings must be consumed (Lev 6:16, 26).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivepartitive/superlative genitive (the holiest place)→ relational specificationἅγιος: the genitive plural in the superlative idiom τὸ ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων ('the holy of holies').
φάγεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (consumption-rule)→ legislative future (binding rule of consumption)ἐσθίω (fut. φάγομαι, suppletive from φαγεῖν): 'eat'; the priestly eating of the offerings is a sacral act, restricted by place and by eater; renders אָכַל.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object (the most holy portions)→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the most holy portions).
πᾶνeveryNominativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικόν)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; πᾶν ἀρσενικόν = 'every male,' restricting consumption to males of the priestly house.
ἀρσενικὸνmaleNominativesubject (substantivized adjective: every male)→ participant prominenceἀρσενικός: 'male'; renders זָכָר; the most holy offerings may be eaten only by the males of the priestly line (contrast v. 11, where daughters too may eat the lesser dues).
φάγεταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (restated consumption-rule, 3rd sg)→ legislative future (binding rule)ἐσθίω: 'eat'; the third-person φάγεται restates the rule distributively ('every male shall eat them').
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
σὺyouNominativesubject in apposition (specifying 'every male')→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic pronoun specifies who the 'males' are — Aaron and his sons, the priestly line.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject (coordinate with σύ)→ participant prominenceυἱοί: meaning 'sons'; it serves as subject (coordinate with σύ).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἅγιαholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται: they shall be holy)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / consecrated'; ἅγια ἔσται σοι = 'they shall be holy to you,' marking the portions as set apart, demanding sacral handling and restricted consumption.
ἔσταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication of holiness; sg with neut. pl. subject)→ legislative future (standing status)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; the singular ἔσται with the neuter plural ἅγια follows the regular Greek rule (neuter plural subject + singular verb); declares the abiding holiness of the portions.
σοιto youDativedative of possession/reference→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession/reference.
11

καὶ τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν ἀπαρχὴ δομάτων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐπιθεμάτων τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτὰ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου καὶ ταῖς θυγατράσιν σου μετὰ σοῦ νόμιμον αἰώνιον πᾶς καθαρὸς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου ἔδεται αὐτά

And this shall be yours: the firstfruit of their gifts, from all the wave-offerings of the sons of Israel; to you I have given them, and to your sons and your daughters with you, an everlasting ordinance; everyone clean in your house shall eat them.

Second tier of dues: the wave-offerings, eaten by the whole clean householdκαὶ τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν
A second, lesser-holy tier: the 'firstfruit of their gifts' from the wave-offerings (ἐπιθέματα). Unlike the most holy portions of vv. 9–10, these may be eaten not only by priestly males but by the whole clean household — sons and daughters alike (καὶ ταῖς θυγατράσιν σου), 'everyone clean in your house.' The grant is again sealed as νόμιμον αἰώνιον.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (demonstrative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; introduces the second tier of priestly dues, the wave-offerings.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν = 'this shall be yours,' the allotment-formula.
ὑμῖνyoursDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
ἀπαρχὴfirstfruitNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition to τοῦτο)→ participant prominenceἀπαρχή: 'firstfruit / first portion / contribution'; here the choice portion lifted off the wave-offerings; renders תְּרוּמָה ('contribution').
δομάτωνof giftsGenitivegenitive (partitive/of source: firstfruit of their gifts)→ relational specificationδόμα: 'gift'; δομάτων αὐτῶν = 'of their gifts'; the wave-offerings counted as the people's gifts to YHWH.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἐπιθεμάτων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the grant covers all the wave-offerings of Israel.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἐπιθεμάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθεμάτωνwave-offeringsGenitivegenitive of source→ relational specificationἐπίθεμα: 'that which is set/placed on; wave-offering'; from ἐπιτίθημι; renders תְּנוּפָה ('wave-offering'), the gift ritually elevated/waved before YHWH and then assigned to the priests (cf. v. 18; Exod 29:24, 27).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (wave-offerings of the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of relationship (wave-offerings of the sons of Israel).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
σοὶto youDativedative of recipient (emphatic, fronted)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. σοί): the emphatic fronted dative re-assigns the wave-offerings to Aaron and his house.
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the grant)→ resultative perfect (standing grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the leitmotif δέδωκα of the dues-catalogue; here conferring the wave-offerings as a perpetual household right.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (the wave-offerings)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the wave-offerings).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱοῖς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as dative of recipient.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςto theDativearticle (with θυγατράσιν)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατράσινdaughtersDativedative of recipient (coordinate: and your daughters)→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ (dat. pl. θυγατράσιν): 'daughter'; renders בַּת; the inclusion of daughters marks these dues as less holy than those of v. 10 — the whole clean household, not only priestly males, may eat them.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
νόμιμονan ordinanceAccusativeaccusative in apposition (predicate: as a perpetual statute)→ object specificationνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance' (= חָק); νόμιμον αἰώνιον, the recurring seal of perpetual priestly law (cf. vv. 8, 19, 23).
αἰώνιονeverlastingAccusativeattributive adjective (with νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: 'perpetual' (= עוֹלָם).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with καθαρός: everyone clean)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone / all'; πᾶς καθαρός = 'everyone (who is) clean,' broadening the eaters to the whole ritually-pure household.
καθαρὸςcleanNominativeattributive/substantival adjective (with πᾶς)→ participant prominenceκαθαρός: 'clean / pure'; renders טָהוֹר; ritual purity (not priestly maleness) is the only condition for eating these lesser dues; an unclean member is excluded (Lev 22:3–7).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (in your house)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου = 'in your household'; these dues may be eaten at home, not only in the sanctuary (contrast v. 10).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔδεταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (consumption-permission)→ legislative future (standing permission)ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδομαι, archaic/LXX form): 'eat'; ἔδεται = 'shall eat'; the future grants every clean householder the right to consume the wave-offering dues.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
12

πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ ἐλαίου καὶ πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ οἴνου καὶ σίτου ἀπαρχὴ αὐτῶν ὅσα ἂν δῶσι τῷ κυρίῳ σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτά

Every firstfruit of oil and every firstfruit of wine and of grain, their firstfruit, whatever they give to the LORD, to you I have given them.

The agricultural firstfruits assigned to the priestsπᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ ἐλαίου
The triad oil–wine–grain (ἔλαιον, οἶνος, σῖτος) is the classic Deuteronomic agricultural triad (Deut 7:13; 11:14); their firstfruits (ἀπαρχαί) are given to the priests. The threefold ἀπαρχή and the relative ὅσα ἂν δῶσι ('whatever they give') again render the grant exhaustive, sealed by the leitmotif σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτά.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πᾶσαeveryNominativeattributive adjective (with ἀπαρχή)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; πᾶσα ἀπαρχή = 'every firstfruit,' opening the agricultural-firstfruits grant.
ἀπαρχὴfirstfruitNominativesubject (nominative absolute, resumed by αὐτά)→ participant prominenceἀπαρχή: 'firstfruit'; renders רֵאשִׁית ('first / best') and חֵלֶב ('best part'); the choicest first yield of the harvest, owed to YHWH and given to the priests.
ἐλαίουof oilGenitivegenitive (of the product: firstfruit of oil)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders יִצְהָר; first of the agricultural triad oil–wine–grain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαeveryNominativeattributive adjective (with ἀπαρχή)→ participant prominenceπᾶσα: meaning 'every'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ἀπαρχή).
ἀπαρχὴfirstfruitNominativesubject (parallel)→ participant prominenceἀπαρχὴ: meaning 'firstfruit'; it serves as subject (parallel).
οἴνουof wineGenitivegenitive (of the product: firstfruit of wine)→ relational specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; renders תִּירוֹשׁ ('new wine'); second of the triad.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σίτουof grainGenitivegenitive (of the product: firstfruit of grain)→ relational specificationσῖτος: 'grain / wheat'; renders דָּגָן; third of the triad; together oil–wine–grain represent the staple produce of the land.
ἀπαρχὴfirstfruitNominativesubject in apposition (summarizing: their firstfruit)→ participant prominenceἀπαρχή: the recapitulating ἀπαρχὴ αὐτῶν = 'their firstfruit,' gathering the triad into one grant.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (Israel's firstfruit)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Israel's firstfruit).
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of δῶσι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever / as much as'; ὅσα ἂν δῶσι sweeps in all that the people give as firstfruits.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive δῶσι, generalizing)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: the modal particle with the subjunctive renders the relative clause indefinite/general ('whatever they may give').
δῶσιthey giveAor Act Subj 3 Pl · δίδωμιverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing: in any instance of giving)δίδωμι (aor. subj.): 'give'; the subjunctive with ὅσα ἄν generalizes — every act of giving firstfruits falls under the grant; renders יִתְּנוּ.
τῷtheDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the firstfruits are given to YHWH, who in turn assigns them to the priest.
σοὶto youDativedative of recipient (emphatic, fronted)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (emphatic, fronted).
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the grant)→ resultative perfect (standing grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the recurring δέδωκα; the firstfruits given to YHWH become, by his grant, the priest's portion.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object (the firstfruits)→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the firstfruits).
13

τὰ πρωτογενήματα πάντα ὅσα ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν ὅσα ἂν ἐνέγκωσιν κυρίῳ σοὶ ἔσται πᾶς καθαρὸς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου ἔδεται αὐτά

All the first-ripe produce, whatever is in their land, whatever they bring to the LORD, shall be yours; everyone clean in your house shall eat them.

The first-ripe produce of the land assigned to the priestsτὰ πρωτογενήματα πάντα
The 'first-ripe produce' (πρωτογενήματα, bikkurim) of all the land is added to the priestly dues, again eaten by the whole clean household. The verse closes the firstfruits-block (vv. 11–13) by echoing v. 11b verbatim: πᾶς καθαρὸς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου ἔδεται αὐτά.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
τὰtheNominativearticle (with πρωτογενήματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωτογενήματαfirst-ripe produceNominativesubject (the first-ripe fruits)→ participant prominenceπρωτογένημα: 'first-fruit / first-ripe produce'; an LXX compound (πρῶτος + γένημα, 'first-produced') rendering בִּכּוּרִים ('first-ripe fruits'); the earliest yield of field and orchard, consecrated to YHWH (Exod 23:19; Lev 23:10) and assigned to the priests.
πάνταallNominativeattributive adjective (with πρωτογενήματα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the grant embraces all the first-ripe produce of the land.
ὅσαwhateverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of implied verb: whatever is)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever / as much as'; ὅσα ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν = 'whatever is in their land,' a comprehensive sweep over the whole harvest.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with γῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place (in their land)→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land / earth'; ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν = 'in their land'; the land Israel will possess, whose firstfruits belong to the priests — pointedly, the priests have no land of their own (v. 20) yet receive the land's firstfruits.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνέγκωσιν)→ participant referenceὅσος: the second ὅσα generalizes the act of bringing — whatever they bring as firstfruits is the priest's.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive ἐνέγκωσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle generalizing the relative clause with the subjunctive.
ἐνέγκωσινthey bringAor Act Subj 3 Pl · φέρωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing: in any instance of bringing)φέρω (aor. subj. ἐνέγκω, suppletive): 'bring / carry'; ὅσα ἂν ἐνέγκωσιν κυρίῳ = 'whatever they bring to the LORD'; renders יָבִיאוּ; the act of presentation that consecrates the firstfruits.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
σοὶyoursDativedative of possession (emphatic)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (emphatic).
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; σοὶ ἔσται = 'it shall be yours,' the allotment-formula.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with καθαρός)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone'; πᾶς καθαρός = 'everyone clean,' the whole ritually-pure household.
καθαρὸςcleanNominativesubstantival adjective (with πᾶς)→ participant prominenceκαθαρός: 'clean / pure' (= טָהוֹר); purity, not priestly maleness, is the condition for eating the firstfruits.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (in your house)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; the firstfruits may be eaten at home by any clean member.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔδεταιshall eatFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (consumption-permission)→ legislative future (standing permission)ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδομαι): 'eat'; ἔδεται echoes v. 11b verbatim, closing the firstfruits-block with the household-eating permission.
αὐτάthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
14

πᾶν ἀνατεθεματισμένον ἐν υἱοῖς Ισραηλ σοὶ ἔσται

Every devoted thing in Israel shall be yours.

The devoted things (ḥerem) assigned to the priestsπᾶν ἀνατεθεματισμένον
A terse, weighty clause: 'every devoted thing' (πᾶν ἀνατεθεματισμένον, the ḥerem) belongs to the priests. The ḥerem is the irredeemable class — property irrevocably surrendered to YHWH by vow or ban (Lev 27:28); whereas firstborn and firstfruits may be redeemed, the devoted thing may not, and passes wholly to the sanctuary's servants.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
πᾶνeveryNominativeattributive adjective (with ἀνατεθεματισμένον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; embraces the whole class of devoted things.
ἀνατεθεματισμένονdevoted thingPerf Pass Part Nom Neut Sg · ἀναθεματίζωsubstantival participle (subject: every devoted thing)→ resultative perfect participle (in a state of irrevocable dedication)ἀναθεματίζω (perf. pass. part.): 'devote / put under the ban'; renders חֵרֶם / הֶחֱרִים; the perfect participle τὸ ἀνατεθεματισμένον = 'that which has been devoted,' the irredeemable ḥerem (Lev 27:28–29); the cognate noun ἀνάθεμα underlies Paul's curse-language (Rom 9:3; 1 Cor 16:22; Gal 1:8).
ἐνin / amongpreposition + dative (locative: among the sons of Israel)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: among the sons of Israel).
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative object of ἐν (among the sons)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; ἐν υἱοῖς Ισραηλ = 'among the sons of Israel'; here without the article, a Hebraizing anarthrous construction.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
σοὶyoursDativedative of possession (emphatic)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (emphatic).
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; σοὶ ἔσται assigns the devoted things wholly to the priest.
15

καὶ πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν ἀπὸ πάσης σαρκός ἃ προσφέρουσιν κυρίῳ ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους σοὶ ἔσται ἀλλ᾿ ἢ λύτροις λυτρωθήσεται τὰ πρωτότοκα τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τὰ πρωτότοκα τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν ἀκαθάρτων λυτρώσῃ

And every one that opens the womb, of all flesh, which they offer to the LORD, from man to beast, shall be yours; only the firstborn of men shall surely be redeemed with a ransom, and the firstborn of unclean beasts you shall redeem.

The firstborn assigned to the priests, with the redemption-exceptionκαὶ πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν
The firstborn — 'everything that opens the womb' (πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν), the classic LXX idiom for בְּכוֹר — belongs to the priests, 'from man to beast.' But the restrictive ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ('except / only') introduces the crucial qualification: human firstborn and unclean-beast firstborn must be redeemed (λυτρωθήσεται … λυτρώσῃ), not given physically; the redemption-price follows in v. 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνeveryNominativeattributive adjective (with the participle διανοῖγον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; embraces every firstborn of every species.
διανοῖγονthat opensPres Act Part Nom Neut Sg · διανοίγωattributive participle (substantival subject: every one opening)→ durative present participle (the act that defines a firstborn)διανοίγω: 'open up / open wide'; πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν ('everything that opens the womb') is the standard LXX rendering of כָּל פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם (Exod 13:2, 12), the technical definition of the firstborn as the one that first 'opens' the mother's womb.
μήτρανwombAccusativedirect object of διανοῖγον→ object specificationμήτρα: 'womb'; renders רֶחֶם; the object of the participle in the firstborn-idiom.
ἀπὸfrom / ofpreposition + genitive (partitive: of all flesh)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: of all flesh).
πάσηςallGenitiveattributive adjective (with σαρκός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάσης σαρκός = 'of all flesh,' embracing human and animal alike.
σαρκόςfleshGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἀπό: of all flesh)→ relational specificationσάρξ: 'flesh / living creature'; renders בָּשָׂר; ἀπὸ πάσης σαρκός = 'of all flesh,' the comprehensive category of living beings, immediately specified as 'from man to beast.'
ἃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of προσφέρουσιν; neut. pl. by sense)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the neuter plural ἅ (constructio ad sensum, agreeing with the collective 'firstborn') = 'which (things) they offer.'
προσφέρουσινthey offerPres Act Indic 3 Pl · προσφέρωverb of relative clause (the people's offering)→ customary present (habitual presentation)προσφέρω: 'bring to / offer / present'; the standard cultic verb for presenting offerings (= הִקְרִיב); renders the bringing of the firstborn to YHWH (Exod 13:12).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (start of merism: from man)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό … ἕως: the merism ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους ('from man to beast') embraces the whole range of firstborn, human and animal.
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (first pole of merism)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; renders אָדָם; the human firstborn, which must be redeemed (v. 15b).
ἕωςtopreposition + genitive (end of merism: to beast)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (end of merism: to beast).
κτήνουςbeastGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (second pole of merism)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'beast / domestic animal'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the animal firstborn — clean ones sacrificed (vv. 17–18), unclean ones redeemed (v. 15b).
σοὶyoursDativedative of possession (emphatic)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (emphatic).
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; σοὶ ἔσται assigns the firstborn to the priest — subject to the redemption-exception that follows.
ἀλλ᾿butadversative conjunction (with ἤ: 'except / only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but'; the combination ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ('except / only / nevertheless') is an LXX idiom rendering Hebrew אַךְ ('only / surely'); it introduces the redemption-qualification.
ἢthan / exceptparticle (part of the idiom ἀλλ᾿ ἤ)→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or / than'; in the fixed combination ἀλλ᾿ ἤ it loses independent force, the whole = 'except, only.'
λύτροιςwith a ransomDativedative of means (cognate with λυτρωθήσεται)→ sphere or referenceλύτρον (pl. λύτρα): 'ransom / redemption-price'; renders פִּדְיוֹם / כֹּפֶר; the dative λύτροις with λυτρωθήσεται forms a Hebraizing cognate construction (= פָּדֹה תִפְדֶּה), intensifying: 'shall surely be redeemed with a ransom.'
λυτρωθήσεταιshall be redeemedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λυτρόωmain verb (redemption-rule for human firstborn)→ legislative future (mandatory redemption)λυτρόω: 'redeem / ransom / release for a price'; renders פָּדָה; the human firstborn belongs to YHWH but is not sacrificed — it is bought back at a fixed price (v. 16; cf. Exod 13:13; 34:20); the verb is central to OT and NT redemption-theology (cf. Luke 1:68; Titus 2:14; 1 Pet 1:18).
τὰtheNominativearticle (with πρωτότοκα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωτότοκαfirstbornNominativesubject of λυτρωθήσεται (the firstborn of men)→ participant prominenceπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn'; renders בְּכוֹר; here the human firstborn, redeemed rather than offered.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἀνθρώπων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνof menGenitivegenitive of relationship (firstborn of men)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man'; τὰ πρωτότοκα τῶν ἀνθρώπων = the human firstborn, subject to mandatory redemption.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with πρωτότοκα; object of λυτρώσῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωτότοκαfirstbornAccusativedirect object of λυτρώσῃ (the firstborn of unclean beasts)→ object specificationπρωτότοκος: here accusative, object of λυτρώσῃ — the firstborn of unclean animals, also redeemed since they cannot be sacrificed.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with κτηνῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνof beastsGenitivegenitive of relationship (firstborn of beasts)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'beast'; τῶν κτηνῶν τῶν ἀκαθάρτων = 'of the unclean beasts,' which cannot be offered and so must be redeemed (contrast the clean beasts of v. 17).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (attributive with ἀκαθάρτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθάρτωνuncleanGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying κτηνῶν)→ relational specificationἀκάθαρτος: 'unclean / impure'; renders טָמֵא; the unclean animals (e.g. the donkey, Exod 13:13) cannot be sacrificed, so their firstborn are redeemed.
λυτρώσῃyou shall redeemFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λυτρόωmain verb (redemption-rule, 2nd sg to the priest)→ legislative future (mandatory redemption)λυτρόω (fut. mid.): 'redeem'; the second-singular λυτρώσῃ addresses the priest: 'you shall redeem' the firstborn of unclean beasts; the middle here functions transitively ('cause to be redeemed / accept redemption for').
16

καὶ ἡ λύτρωσις αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ μηνιαίου ἡ συντίμησις πέντε σίκλων κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον εἴκοσι ὄβολοί εἰσιν

And its redemption-price, from a month old, the valuation: five shekels by the holy shekel — twenty obols they are.

The fixed redemption-price specifiedκαὶ ἡ λύτρωσις αὐτοῦ
The redemption-price is fixed precisely: from one month old, five shekels by the sanctuary standard, the shekel being twenty obols. The technical valuation-vocabulary (λύτρωσις, συντίμησις, σίκλος, ὄβολος) gives the rule legal exactness, preventing arbitrary assessment; the 'holy shekel' is the sacred weight-standard (Lev 27:25).
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with λύτρωσις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύτρωσιςredemption-priceNominativesubject (the redemption / its price)→ participant prominenceλύτρωσις: 'redemption / ransoming / redemption-price'; cognate with λυτρόω (v. 15); renders פִּדְיוֹם; here the act/sum of redeeming the firstborn; the abstract noun later carries soteriological weight (Luke 2:38; Heb 9:12).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (of the firstborn)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the firstborn).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal: from a month old)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (temporal: from a month old).
μηνιαίουa month oldGenitivegenitive (substantival adjective: from one a month old)→ relational specificationμηνιαῖος: 'of a month / a month old'; from μήν ('month'); renders מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ ('from a month old'); the age at which the firstborn is to be valued and redeemed (cf. Num 3:40, 47).
ἡtheNominativearticle (with συντίμησις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντίμησιςvaluationNominativesubject in apposition (the assessed valuation)→ participant prominenceσυντίμησις: 'valuation / assessment / appraised price'; from συντιμάω ('assess, fix a price'); renders עֵרֶךְ ('valuation'); the fixed monetary assessment of the firstborn's redemption.
πέντεfivenumeral (modifying σίκλων)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable cardinal; the redemption-price is five shekels (cf. Num 3:47; the same sum in Lev 27).
σίκλωνshekelsGenitivegenitive of price/measure (five shekels)→ relational specificationσίκλος: 'shekel'; a Semitic loanword in the LXX rendering שֶׁקֶל; the standard unit of weight/money; the genitive of measure with πέντε.
κατὰaccording to / bypreposition + accusative (standard of measure)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / by the standard of'; κατὰ τὸν σίκλον τὸν ἅγιον = 'by the holy shekel,' the sanctuary weight-standard.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with σίκλον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σίκλονshekelAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the standard shekel)→ object specificationσίκλος: 'shekel'; the standard-of-measure shekel.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with ἅγιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σίκλον)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; ὁ σίκλος ὁ ἅγιος = 'the holy/sanctuary shekel' (= שֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ), the official sacred weight-standard kept at the sanctuary (Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25).
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (predicate: twenty obols)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal; defines the shekel's value as twenty obols (= עֶשְׂרִים גֵּרָה, 'twenty gerahs').
ὄβολοίobolsNominativepredicate nominative (twenty obols they are)→ participant prominenceὀβολός: 'obol'; a small Greek coin/weight here rendering גֵּרָה (gerah), the smallest weight-unit; the LXX defines the sanctuary shekel as twenty obols, giving the foreign measure a Greek monetary equivalence.
εἰσινthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (defining equation: twenty obols they are)→ gnomic present (a standing equivalence)εἰμί (pres.): 'be'; the equative εἴκοσι ὄβολοί εἰσιν defines the shekel — a standing metrological fact stated in the present.
17

πλὴν πρωτότοκα μόσχων καὶ πρωτότοκα προβάτων καὶ πρωτότοκα αἰγῶν οὐ λυτρώσῃ ἅγιά ἐστιν καὶ τὸ αἷμα αὐτῶν προσχεεῖς πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ τὸ στέαρ ἀνοίσεις κάρπωμα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ

Only the firstborn of calves and the firstborn of sheep and the firstborn of goats you shall not redeem: they are holy. And their blood you shall pour out against the altar, and the fat you shall offer up as an offering for a sweet-smelling savor to the LORD.

The exception within the exception: clean firstborn are sacrificed, not redeemedπλὴν πρωτότοκα μόσχων
The restrictive πλήν marks the counter-case to v. 15b: the firstborn of clean animals (calves, sheep, goats) are not redeemed but sacrificed — 'they are holy.' Their blood is dashed against the altar and their fat burned as a κάρπωμα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας ('an offering for a sweet savor'), the classic LXX sacrificial idiom; the flesh then falls to the priest (v. 18).
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
πλὴνonly / howeverrestrictive particle (marking the counter-case)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / only / however' (= אַךְ); restricts the redemption-rule — clean firstborn fall outside it and are sacrificed.
πρωτότοκαfirstbornAccusativedirect object of λυτρώσῃ (firstborn of calves)→ object specificationπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn' (= בְּכוֹר); here the firstborn of clean animals, which are not redeemed.
μόσχωνof calves / oxenGenitivegenitive of relationship (firstborn of calves)→ relational specificationμόσχος: 'calf / young bull / ox'; renders שׁוֹר / בָּקָר; clean cattle, whose firstborn are sacrificed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρωτότοκαfirstbornAccusativedirect object (firstborn of sheep)→ object specificationπρωτότοκα: meaning 'firstborn'; it serves as direct object (firstborn of sheep).
προβάτωνof sheepGenitivegenitive of relationship (firstborn of sheep)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; renders כֶּשֶׂב / צֹאן; clean flock-animal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρωτότοκαfirstbornAccusativedirect object (firstborn of goats)→ object specificationπρωτότοκα: meaning 'firstborn'; it serves as direct object (firstborn of goats).
αἰγῶνof goatsGenitivegenitive of relationship (firstborn of goats)→ relational specificationαἴξ (gen. pl. αἰγῶν): 'goat'; renders עֵז; clean flock-animal; the triad calves–sheep–goats covers the standard sacrificial species.
οὐnotnegative particle (with λυτρώσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυτρώσῃyou shall redeemFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λυτρόωmain verb (prohibition: you shall not redeem)→ prohibitive future (categorical: these are not redeemed)λυτρόω: 'redeem'; οὐ λυτρώσῃ = 'you shall not redeem' — clean firstborn are too holy to be bought back; they must be sacrificed to YHWH (contrast v. 15b).
ἅγιάholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐστιν: they are holy)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy'; ἅγιά ἐστιν = 'they are holy'; the reason clean firstborn cannot be redeemed — their holiness demands sacrifice, not commutation.
ἐστινis / arePres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication; sg with neut. pl. subject)→ gnomic present (standing status)εἰμί (pres.): 'be'; the singular ἐστιν with neuter plural ἅγιά follows the Greek concord-rule; declares the inherent holiness of the clean firstborn.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing sacrificial procedure)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with αἷμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of προσχεεῖς→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the blood, seat of life (Lev 17:11), is dashed against the altar in the sacrificial rite.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (of the firstborn animals)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the firstborn animals).
προσχεεῖςyou shall pour againstFut Act Indic 2 Sg · προσχέωmain verb (blood-rite, addressed to the priest)→ legislative future (prescribed ritual act)προσχέω: 'pour upon / against'; the compound προσ- marks application to the altar; renders זָרַק ('dash, sprinkle'); the blood-manipulation of the sacrifice, a priestly act (Lev 1:5).
πρὸςagainst / topreposition + accusative (direction: against the altar)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: against the altar).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with θυσιαστήριον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar' (= מִזְבֵּחַ); the blood is dashed against its sides.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στέαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαρfatAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίσεις→ object specificationστέαρ: 'fat / suet'; renders חֵלֶב; the fat, regarded as YHWH's portion (Lev 3:16), is burned on the altar — never eaten (Lev 7:23–25).
ἀνοίσειςyou shall offer upFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb (burning the fat, addressed to the priest)→ legislative future (prescribed ritual act)ἀναφέρω: 'bring up / offer up'; the ἀνα- ('up') compound denotes sending the offering up in smoke on the altar; renders הִקְטִיר / הֶעֱלָה; technical for the burning of sacrificial portions (cf. Heb 7:27; 1 Pet 2:5).
κάρπωμαan offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition (as a fire-offering)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering / offering by fire' (= אִשֶּׁה); the fat is offered up as a κάρπωμα, the burnt portion ascending to YHWH.
εἰςfor / aspreposition + accusative (purpose: for a savor)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'for'; εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας = 'for a sweet-smelling savor,' the stereotyped LXX sacrificial formula.
ὀσμὴνsmell / savorAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / odor / fragrance'; renders רֵיחַ; ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('fragrant smell') is the fixed phrase for the acceptable savor of sacrifice (Gen 8:21; Lev 1:9; echoed at Eph 5:2; Phil 4:18).
εὐωδίαςof a sweet savorGenitivegenitive of quality (with ὀσμήν: a fragrant smell)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; from εὖ + ὄζω; renders נִיחֹחַ ('soothing, pleasing'); the genitive of quality makes the savor 'sweet/pleasing' to YHWH — a metaphor for the acceptability of the offering.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the savor to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the sacrifice ascends as a pleasing savor to him.
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καὶ τὰ κρέα ἔσται σοί καθὰ καὶ τὸ στηθύνιον τοῦ ἐπιθέματος καὶ κατὰ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιὸν σοὶ ἔσται

And the flesh shall be yours, just as the breast of the wave-offering and the right thigh are yours.

The priest's portion from the sacrificed firstbornκαὶ τὰ κρέα ἔσται σοί
After the blood and fat go to the altar (v. 17), the flesh of the sacrificed firstborn falls to the priest. The comparison καθὰ … καὶ τὸ στηθύνιον τοῦ ἐπιθέματος … τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιόν assimilates the firstborn-portion to the established priestly dues of the peace-offering: the breast (waved) and the right thigh/shoulder (Lev 7:31–34; Exod 29:26–28).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with κρέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρέαflesh / meatNominativesubject (the flesh of the firstborn)→ participant prominenceκρέας (pl. κρέα): 'flesh / meat'; renders בָּשָׂר; after blood and fat are given to the altar, the meat of the sacrificed firstborn becomes the priest's food (cf. Rom 14:21; 1 Cor 8:13 for κρέας in NT).
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; τὰ κρέα ἔσται σοί = 'the flesh shall be yours,' assigning the meat to the priest.
σοίyoursDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing analogy)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the analogy with the established peace-offering dues.
καὶalsoadverbial (intensifying the comparison: even as)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adverbial 'also / even,' reinforcing καθά ('just as also').
τὸtheNominativearticle (with στηθύνιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στηθύνιονbreastNominativesubject of implied ἔσται (the breast is yours)→ participant prominenceστηθύνιον: 'breast (of an animal)'; diminutive of στῆθος; renders חָזֶה ('breast'); the waved breast was a standing priestly portion of the peace-offering (Lev 7:31).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἐπιθέματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθέματοςwave-offeringGenitivegenitive (of the wave-offering: the breast of the wave-offering)→ relational specificationἐπίθεμα: 'wave-offering' (= תְּנוּפָה); the breast belongs to the category of waved portions (cf. v. 11); the priest receives it as his share.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording to / likepreposition + accusative (comparison/respect: as regards the thigh)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here 'as regards / like'; κατὰ τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιόν = 'as for the right thigh,' continuing the analogy with the priestly dues.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βραχίονα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναthigh / shoulder / armAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationβραχίων: 'arm / foreleg / shoulder'; renders שׁוֹק ('thigh / leg') in the offering-law; the right βραχίων (the contributed leg/shoulder) was the priest's perquisite (Lev 7:32; ὁ βραχίων also renders זְרוֹעַ, the 'arm' as a symbol of divine power).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive with δεξιόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιὸνrightAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying βραχίονα)→ object specificationδεξιός: 'right(-hand)'; renders יָמִין; the right thigh, the more honorable side, was specifically the priest's portion (Lev 7:32–33).
σοὶyoursDativedative of possession (emphatic)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (emphatic).
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (possession-statement)→ legislative future (binding allotment)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; σοὶ ἔσται closes the analogy — as the breast and right thigh are the priest's, so is the flesh of the firstborn.
19

πᾶν ἀφαίρεμα τῶν ἁγίων ὅσα ἂν ἀφέλωσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ κυρίῳ σοὶ δέδωκα καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου καὶ ταῖς θυγατράσιν σου μετὰ σοῦ νόμιμον αἰώνιον διαθήκη ἁλὸς αἰωνίου ἐστὶν ἔναντι κυρίου σοὶ καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου μετὰ σέ

Every contribution of the holy things, whatever the sons of Israel set apart for the LORD, I have given to you and to your sons and your daughters with you, an everlasting ordinance; it is an everlasting covenant of salt before the LORD, for you and for your seed after you.

Summary grant of all contributions, sealed as a covenant of saltπᾶν ἀφαίρεμα τῶν ἁγίων
The dues-catalogue (vv. 8–19) closes with a summary: every contribution (ἀφαίρεμα) the people set apart is given to the priestly household forever. The seal is striking: διαθήκη ἁλὸς αἰωνίου ('an everlasting covenant of salt'). Salt, as preservative and incorruptible, symbolizes a perpetual, indissoluble bond (cf. Lev 2:13; 2 Chr 13:5); the grant is as permanent and unbreakable as a salt-sealed covenant before YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
πᾶνeveryNominativeattributive adjective (with ἀφαίρεμα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; the summary grant embraces every contribution.
ἀφαίρεμαcontribution / set-apart portionNominativesubject (nominative absolute, resumed by the verb)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is removed/set apart; contribution'; from ἀφαιρέω ('take away, lift off'); renders תְּרוּמָה ('heave-offering, contribution'); the choice portion lifted off and dedicated to YHWH (the leitword of vv. 24, 26–30).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγίων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivepartitive genitive (contribution of the holy things)→ relational specificationἅγιος (subst. τὰ ἅγια): 'holy things'; the consecrated revenues from which the contributions are taken.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀφέλωσιν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever'; ὅσα ἂν ἀφέλωσιν generalizes — whatever the people set apart falls under the grant.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive ἀφέλωσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle generalizing the relative clause.
ἀφέλωσινthey set apartAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀφαιρέωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing: in any instance of setting apart)ἀφαιρέω: 'take away / lift off / set apart'; cognate with ἀφαίρεμα; the act of lifting off the contribution for YHWH; renders הֵרִים ('lift up as a contribution').
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἀφέλωσιν (the sons of Israel)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, those who bring the contributions.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (set apart for YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the contributions are set apart for him, then granted to the priests.
σοὶto youDativedative of recipient (emphatic, fronted)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (emphatic, fronted).
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (summary grant)→ resultative perfect (standing grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the recurring δέδωκα now seals the whole dues-catalogue as a perpetual endowment of the priestly household.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱοῖς: meaning 'sons'; it serves as dative of recipient.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςto theDativearticle (with θυγατράσιν)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατράσινdaughtersDativedative of recipient (and your daughters)→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ (dat. pl. θυγατράσιν): 'daughter'; the whole household, sons and daughters, shares the grant (cf. v. 11).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
νόμιμονan ordinanceAccusativeaccusative in apposition (predicate: as a perpetual statute)→ object specificationνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance' (= חָק); νόμιμον αἰώνιον, the recurring seal of perpetual priestly legislation.
αἰώνιονeverlastingAccusativeattributive adjective (with νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: 'perpetual' (= עוֹלָם).
διαθήκηa covenantNominativepredicate nominative (it is a covenant)→ participant prominenceδιαθήκη: 'covenant / testament / disposition'; renders בְּרִית; the LXX's standard term for the divine covenant; here the grant of dues is itself constituted as a 'covenant of salt,' an inviolable disposition (cf. its central NT use, Matt 26:28; Heb 9:15).
ἁλὸςof saltGenitivegenitive of quality (covenant of salt)→ relational specificationἅλς (gen. ἁλός): 'salt'; renders מֶלַח; salt, as preservative and incorruptible, seals covenants as perpetual and indissoluble (Lev 2:13; 2 Chr 13:5); the 'covenant of salt' connotes an unbreakable, enduring bond — and salt's preserving power makes it a fitting emblem of permanence (cf. Mark 9:50; Col 4:6).
αἰωνίουeverlastingGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἁλός: of everlasting salt)→ relational specificationαἰώνιος: 'eternal / perpetual' (= עוֹלָם); διαθήκη ἁλὸς αἰωνίου = 'a covenant of everlasting salt,' doubly stressing the grant's permanence.
ἐστὶνit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication: it is a covenant of salt)→ gnomic present (standing covenantal status)εἰμί (pres.): 'be'; declares the standing covenantal nature of the grant — it is, abidingly, a covenant of salt.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the covenant of salt is ratified 'before the LORD,' giving it sacral, binding force.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the covenant stands before him as guarantor.
σοὶfor youDativedative of advantage (the covenant is for you)→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (the covenant is for you).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheDativearticle (with σπέρματι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρματίseed / offspringDativedative of advantage (for your seed)→ sphere or referenceσπέρμα: 'seed / offspring / descendants'; renders זֶרַע; the covenant extends to Aaron's posterity, a hereditary and perpetual grant (the collective singular σπέρμα for 'descendants' is significant in Pauline argument, Gal 3:16).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (succession: after you)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετὰ σέ = 'after you,' marking the perpetual hereditary transmission.
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of μετά→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of μετά.
20

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν οὐ κληρονομήσεις καὶ μερὶς οὐκ ἔσται σοι ἐν αὐτοῖς ὅτι ἐγὼ μερίς σου καὶ κληρονομία σου ἐν μέσῳ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

And the LORD spoke to Aaron: 'In their land you shall not inherit, and you shall have no portion among them; for I am your portion and your inheritance in the midst of the sons of Israel.'

The theological pivot: the LORD himself as the priest's portion and inheritanceκαὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων
A fresh speech-formula marks this verse as the chapter's theological climax. The negative — no land-inheritance, no portion among Israel — is grounded in a stunning positive: ἐγὼ μερίς σου καὶ κληρονομία σου ('I am your portion and your inheritance'). The priest's (and Levite's) landlessness is not deprivation but the highest privilege: YHWH himself, not territory, is their possession (cf. Deut 10:9; 18:1–2; Josh 13:14, 33; Ps 15[16]:5; Lam 3:24; Ezek 44:28). This crux reverberates through Israel's spirituality of the LORD as one's inalienable 'portion.'
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak' (= דִּבֵּר); the fresh formula ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Ααρων sets off the inheritance-declaration as a distinct, weighty oracle.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); here both speaker and — astonishingly — the content of the gift, since he declares himself the priest's portion.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable (= אַהֲרֹן); the priest to whom the inheritance-word is addressed, representative of the whole priestly-Levitical order.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in their land)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in their land).
τῇtheDativearticle (with γῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place (in their land)→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; ἐν τῇ γῇ αὐτῶν = 'in their land,' the land allotted to the other tribes; the priest receives no territorial share in it.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the other Israelites')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the other Israelites').
οὐnotnegative particle (with κληρονομήσεις)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομήσειςyou shall inheritFut Act Indic 2 Sg · κληρονομέωmain verb (prohibition: you shall not inherit)→ prohibitive future (categorical exclusion from land-inheritance)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession (of land)'; from κλῆρος ('lot'); renders נָחַל; the priest is excluded from the territorial allotment that defines the other tribes — a landless clergy (cf. Deut 18:1).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μερὶςportion / shareNominativesubject (no portion shall be yours)→ participant prominenceμερίς: 'portion / share / allotted part'; renders חֵלֶק; the negated μερίς denies the priest any allotted stake in the land — answered by the positive ἐγὼ μερίς σου below.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔσται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existence: no portion shall be yours)→ legislative future (categorical denial)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; μερὶς οὐκ ἔσται σοι = 'you shall have no portion'; the denial that sets up the great reversal.
σοιto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (locative: among them)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: among them).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (among the other tribes)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'them'; ἐν αὐτοῖς = 'among them,' i.e. among the landed tribes of Israel.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; renders כִּי; introduces the positive ground of the landlessness — not loss, but the LORD himself as possession.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic: I myself, YHWH)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun is the heart of the crux — YHWH himself, in the first person, is declared to be the priest's portion; the bare ἐγώ (without copula) gives the declaration solemn, creedal force.
μερίςportionNominativepredicate nominative (I am your portion)→ participant prominenceμερίς: 'portion / share'; the very word denied of land (μερὶς οὐκ ἔσται) is now affirmed of YHWH — ἐγὼ μερίς σου ('I am your portion'); the deliberate repetition is the rhetorical pivot; cf. Ps 15[16]:5 (κύριος ἡ μερὶς τῆς κληρονομίας μου), Ps 72[73]:26, Lam 3:24.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (your portion)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (your portion).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominative (I am your inheritance)→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage'; from κλῆρος; renders נַחֲלָה; the land-inheritance denied in v. 20a is replaced by YHWH himself — ἐγὼ … κληρονομία σου ('I am your inheritance'); the foundational text for the Levitical-inheritance theme (Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; Ezek 44:28) and the spirituality of God as one's heritage (Ps 15[16]:5; cf. Eph 1:14, 18 for κληρονομία fulfilled in Christ).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (your inheritance)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (your inheritance).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in the midst)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in the midst).
μέσῳmidstDativedative of place (ἐν μέσῳ: in the midst of)→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ = 'in the midst of the sons of Israel'; the priest dwells among the tribes with no land of his own, his portion being YHWH dwelling in their midst.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (in the midst of the sons)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of relationship (in the midst of the sons).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל); the covenant people among whom the landless priest holds YHWH as his inheritance.
21

καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Λευι ἰδοὺ δέδωκα πᾶν ἐπιδέκατον ἐν Ισραηλ ἐν κλήρῳ ἀντὶ τῶν λειτουργιῶν αὐτῶν ὅσα αὐτοὶ λειτουργοῦσιν λειτουργίαν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And behold, to the sons of Levi I have given every tithe in Israel as a lot, in return for their services which they perform — the service of the tent of meeting.

The Levites' compensation: the tithe as their lot in place of landκαὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Λευι ἰδοὺ δέδωκα
Parallel to the priestly grant (vv. 8–19), the Levites receive 'every tithe in Israel' as their κλῆρος ('lot') — the landless tribe is compensated by the people's tithe, explicitly 'in return for their services' (ἀντὶ τῶν λειτουργιῶν). The cognate λειτουργοῦσιν λειτουργίαν underlines that the tithe is wages for sanctuary-labor, not unearned dole.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of recipient (to the sons of Levi)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Λευι = the Levites, recipients of the tithe-grant.
Λευιof Levigenitive of relationship (indeclinable: sons of Levi)→ participant identificationΛευι: indeclinable (= לֵוִי); the tribal name; here the whole tribe receives the tithe.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold' (= הִנֵּה); presentative interjection drawing attention to the grant, echoing v. 6 (ἐγὼ … ἰδοὺ) and v. 8.
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the tithe-grant)→ resultative perfect (standing grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the leitmotif δέδωκα now confers the tithe on the Levites as a permanent endowment, parallel to the priestly dues.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἐπιδέκατον)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the Levites receive all the tithe of Israel.
ἐπιδέκατονtitheAccusativedirect object of δέδωκα→ object specificationἐπιδέκατον: 'tithe / tenth-part'; substantivized adjective (ἐπί + δέκατος); renders מַעֲשֵׂר ('tithe'); the tenth of produce and livestock owed to YHWH and here assigned to the Levites (the leitword of vv. 21, 24, 26, 28).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in Israel)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in Israel).
ΙσραηλIsraeldative object of ἐν (indeclinable: in Israel)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל); the whole tithe levied throughout the nation.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (predicative: as a lot)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here predicative/Hebraizing (= לְ), 'as'; ἐν κλήρῳ = 'as a lot/portion,' the tithe standing in place of a land-allotment.
κλήρῳa lot / inheritance-portionDativedative (predicative: as their lot)→ sphere or referenceκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion / inheritance'; renders נַחֲלָה / גּוֹרָל; the tithe is the Levites' κλῆρος — their 'inheritance' in lieu of the territorial lots given the other tribes (cf. v. 24; the same root in κληρονομία, v. 20).
ἀντὶin return forpreposition + genitive (exchange/compensation)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί + gen.: 'in return for / in exchange for'; ἀντὶ τῶν λειτουργιῶν = 'in return for the services'; the tithe is compensation for the Levites' labor — explicitly a quid pro quo (cf. μισθός, v. 31).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with λειτουργιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργιῶνservicesGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί→ relational specificationλειτουργία: 'service / ministry' (= עֲבֹדָה); the Levites' tabernacle-labor, for which the tithe is the recompense.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the Levites' services)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the Levites' services).
ὅσαwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of λειτουργοῦσιν, by attraction/sense)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'which / as many as'; introduces the relative clause defining the services.
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (emphatic: which they themselves perform)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: 'they (themselves)'; the emphatic pronoun stresses that it is the Levites who do this labor, earning the tithe.
λειτουργοῦσινthey performPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωverb of relative clause (cognate with λειτουργίαν)→ customary present (ongoing service)λειτουργέω: 'minister / serve'; the cognate construction λειτουργοῦσιν λειτουργίαν (= עָבַד עֲבֹדָה) emphasizes the labor for which the tithe is wages.
λειτουργίανserviceAccusativecognate accusative (object of λειτουργοῦσιν)→ object specificationλειτουργία: 'service'; the cognate object specifying the tabernacle-labor.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with σκηνῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (in the tent)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; the locus of Levitical service.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the 'tent of witness' (= אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד).
22

καὶ οὐ προσελεύσονται ἔτι οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου λαβεῖν ἁμαρτίαν θανατηφόρον

And the sons of Israel shall no longer approach the tent of meeting to incur death-bearing sin.

The purpose of the Levitical buffer: protecting the laity from fatal approachκαὶ οὐ προσελεύσονται ἔτι
The Levitical service has a protective rationale: the laity will 'no longer approach' (οὐ … ἔτι) the tent and thereby 'incur death-bearing sin' (λαβεῖν ἁμαρτίαν θανατηφόρον). The Levites form a buffer absorbing the lethal danger of holiness — the direct answer to the people's panic of 17:27–28 ('everyone who approaches dies'). The striking adjective θανατηφόρος ('death-bearing') names the deadly outcome of unauthorized approach.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with προσελεύσονται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσελεύσονταιthey shall approachFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb (prohibition: the laity shall not approach)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)προσέρχομαι: 'approach / draw near'; the cultic 'drawing near' to the holy that is fatal for the non-Levite; the Levitical buffer makes such lethal approach unnecessary and forbidden.
ἔτιany longeradverb (temporal: no longer)→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet / any longer'; renders עוֹד; οὐ … ἔτι = 'no longer,' marking the new dispensation in which the Levites stand between the laity and the holy.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (the sons of Israel)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the lay Israelites who are now barred from approaching the tent.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction: toward the tent)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: toward the tent).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; the holy precinct the laity may not approach.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: the 'tent of witness' (= אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד).
λαβεῖνto incurAor Act Infin · λαμβάνωinfinitive of result/purpose (so as to incur sin)→ aorist infinitive (the fatal outcome of approach)λαμβάνω (aor. infin.): 'take / receive / incur'; the idiom λαβεῖν ἁμαρτίαν = 'to incur sin/guilt' (= נָשָׂא חֵטְא); the infinitive expresses the deadly result that the prohibition averts — to approach would be to take on guilt-liability.
ἁμαρτίανsin / guiltAccusativedirect object of λαβεῖν→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / guilt-liability'; here the lethal guilt incurred by unlawful approach to the holy.
θανατηφόρονdeath-bearing / deadlyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἁμαρτίαν)→ object specificationθανατηφόρος: 'death-bearing / deadly'; a vivid compound (θάνατος + φέρω, 'bearing death'); the guilt of approaching is 'death-bearing,' i.e. capital — it carries the death penalty (cf. the people's fear, 17:28; the same adjective at Jas 3:8 of the tongue's deadly poison, ἰὸς θανατηφόρος).
23

καὶ λειτουργήσει ὁ Λευίτης αὐτὸς τὴν λειτουργίαν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ αὐτοὶ λήμψονται τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν νόμιμον αἰώνιον εἰς τὰς γενεὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν κληρονομίαν

And the Levite himself shall perform the service of the tent of meeting, and they themselves shall bear their sins — an everlasting ordinance throughout their generations; and in the midst of the sons of Israel they shall inherit no inheritance.

The Levites' exclusive service, liability, and landlessnessκαὶ λειτουργήσει ὁ Λευίτης αὐτὸς
The Levite alone (αὐτός) does the tabernacle service, and 'they shall bear their sins' (λήμψονται τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν) — the same liability-language applied to the priests in v. 1, now extended to the Levites: they answer for any failure in their charge. The verse closes by restating their landlessness (οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν κληρονομίαν), the Levitical counterpart to the priestly crux of v. 20.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λειτουργήσειshall performFut Act Indic 3 Sg · λειτουργέωmain verb (the Levite's exclusive service)→ legislative future (assigned duty)λειτουργέω: 'minister / serve'; the singular ὁ Λευίτης … λειτουργήσει assigns the tabernacle-service to the Levite as his proper office; cognate with λειτουργίαν following.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with Λευίτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίτηςLeviteNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the gentilic (declinable, unlike Λευι); the collective singular for the Levitical order as the servant-class of the tabernacle.
αὐτὸςhimselfNominativeintensive pronoun (the Levite himself, alone)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'himself'; the intensive stresses that the service belongs to the Levite alone — the laity are excluded (v. 22), and this is his distinctive charge.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with λειτουργίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίανserviceAccusativecognate accusative (object of λειτουργήσει)→ object specificationλειτουργία: 'service / ministry' (= עֲבֹדָה); the cognate accusative specifying the tabernacle-labor.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (objective: service of the tent)→ relational specificationσκηνῆς: meaning 'tent'; it serves as genitive (objective: service of the tent).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: the 'tent of witness' (= אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶthey themselvesNominativesubject (emphatic: they shall bear)→ participant prominenceαὐτός: 'they (themselves)'; the emphatic plural marks the Levites as themselves liable for failures in their service, just as the priests are (v. 1).
λήμψονταιthey shall bearFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (liability-statute for the Levites)→ legislative future (binding liability)λαμβάνω: 'take / bear'; λήμψονται τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν = 'they shall bear their sins,' the liability-idiom (= נָשָׂא עָוֹן) now applied to the Levites, echoing the priests' charge in v. 1 (λήμψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας): the Levites answer for any breach of their custodial duty.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἁμαρτήματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτήματαsinsAccusativedirect object of λήμψονται→ object specificationἁμάρτημα: 'sin / wrongdoing (concrete act)'; renders חֵטְא / עָוֹן; the concrete-noun variant of ἁμαρτία; the guilt-liability the Levites bear for lapses in their charge.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
νόμιμονan ordinanceAccusativeaccusative in apposition (predicate: a perpetual statute)→ object specificationνόμιμον: 'statute / ordinance' (= חֻקָּה); νόμιμον αἰώνιον, the perpetual-statute seal.
αἰώνιονeverlastingAccusativeattributive adjective (with νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: 'perpetual' (= עוֹלָם).
εἰςthroughout / forpreposition + accusative (temporal extent: throughout their generations)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: 'unto / throughout'; εἰς τὰς γενεὰς αὐτῶν = 'throughout their generations,' the standard formula for perpetual extension (= לְדֹרֹתָם).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with γενεάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενεὰςgenerationsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationγενεά: 'generation / age'; renders דּוֹר; εἰς τὰς γενεάς = 'throughout the generations,' marking the statute's permanence.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing landlessness-statement)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in the midst)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in the midst).
μέσῳmidstDativedative of place (ἐν μέσῳ: in the midst of)→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'midst'; ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ = 'in the midst of the sons of Israel'; the Levites dwell among the tribes without their own land (cf. v. 20).
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (anarthrous: of the sons)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; anarthrous υἱῶν Ισραηλ, a Hebraizing construction.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
οὐnotnegative particle (with κληρονομήσουσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομήσουσινthey shall inheritFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (Levitical landlessness)→ legislative future (categorical exclusion)κληρονομέω: 'inherit'; οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν κληρονομίαν = 'they shall inherit no inheritance,' the cognate construction (= לֹא יִנְחֲלוּ נַחֲלָה) restating the Levites' landlessness, parallel to the priestly crux of v. 20.
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativecognate accusative (object of κληρονομήσουσιν)→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance / heritage' (= נַחֲלָה); the land-inheritance the Levites do not receive — their inheritance is the LORD and the tithe (vv. 20–21, 24).
24

ὅτι τὰ ἐπιδέκατα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ὅσα ἂν ἀφορίσωσιν κυρίῳ ἀφαίρεμα δέδωκα τοῖς Λευίταις ἐν κλήρῳ διὰ τοῦτο εἴρηκα αὐτοῖς ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν κλῆρον

For the tithes of the sons of Israel, whatever they set apart for the LORD as a contribution, I have given to the Levites as a lot; therefore I have said to them, In the midst of the sons of Israel they shall inherit no lot.

Grounding the landlessness: the tithe is their inheritanceὅτι τὰ ἐπιδέκατα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ
The causal ὅτι grounds the landlessness of v. 23: precisely because the tithe is given to the Levites as their κλῆρος, they have no land-lot. The inferential διὰ τοῦτο ('therefore') makes the logic explicit and quotes the divine decree (εἴρηκα, 'I have said'). The tithe replaces territory — the Levite's inheritance is the people's tenth, not a tribal allotment.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the landlessness)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for' (= כִּי); grounds v. 23's landlessness in the tithe-grant.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπιδέκατα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιδέκαταtithesAccusativedirect object of δέδωκα (the tithes)→ object specificationἐπιδέκατον: 'tithe / tenth'; here the plural τὰ ἐπιδέκατα = 'the tithes' (= הַמַּעַשְׂרֹת); the tenth-portions given to the Levites as their lot.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of source (tithes of the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of source (tithes of the sons of Israel).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀφορίσωσιν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever'; ὅσα ἂν ἀφορίσωσιν generalizes the act of setting apart.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive ἀφορίσωσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle generalizing the relative clause.
ἀφορίσωσινthey set apartAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀφορίζωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing: in any instance of setting apart)ἀφορίζω: 'set apart / separate / mark off'; renders הִבְדִּיל / הֵרִים; the act of separating the tithe as a contribution to YHWH; the verb later carries the sense of consecrated setting-apart (cf. Rom 1:1, ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον).
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of recipient (set apart for YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
ἀφαίρεμαa contributionAccusativeaccusative in apposition (as a contribution)→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution / set-apart portion' (= תְּרוּמָה); the tithe, lifted off for YHWH, is itself a contribution then given to the Levites (cf. v. 19, 26–29).
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (the tithe-grant)→ resultative perfect (standing grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the recurring δέδωκα confers the tithe on the Levites as their permanent lot.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceΛευίτης (dat. pl. Λευίταις): 'Levite'; the recipients of the tithe-lot.
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (predicative: as a lot)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: predicative/Hebraizing (= לְ), 'as'; ἐν κλήρῳ = 'as their lot.'
κλήρῳa lotDativedative (predicative: as their lot)→ sphere or referenceκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion'; the tithe as the Levites' 'lot' in place of land (cf. v. 21).
διὰbecause of / thereforepreposition + accusative (with τοῦτο: for this reason)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + acc.: 'on account of'; διὰ τοῦτο = 'therefore / for this reason,' drawing the inference: because the tithe is their lot, they have no land-lot.
τοῦτοthisAccusativedemonstrative (object of διά: for this reason)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; διὰ τοῦτο, the inferential phrase.
εἴρηκαI have saidPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · λέγω (εἴρω)main verb (citing the divine decree)→ resultative perfect (a standing decree that abides in force)λέγω / εἴρω (perf. εἴρηκα): 'have said / declared'; the perfect marks the decree as a settled, abiding word — 'I have said (and it stands),' introducing the quoted ruling on landlessness.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of indirect object (to the Levites)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of indirect object (to the Levites).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: in the midst)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: in the midst).
μέσῳmidstDativedative of place (ἐν μέσῳ: in the midst of)→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'midst'; ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ, echoing v. 23.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (anarthrous)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of relationship (anarthrous).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
οὐnotnegative particle (with κληρονομήσουσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομήσουσινthey shall inheritFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (Levitical landlessness, restated)→ legislative future (categorical exclusion)κληρονομέω: 'inherit'; οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν κλῆρον = 'they shall inherit no lot,' restating v. 23 with κλῆρον as object — the Levites receive the tithe, not land.
κλῆρονa lotAccusativecognate-like accusative (object of κληρονομήσουσιν)→ object specificationκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion'; here the land-lot the Levites do not inherit — paradoxically, their κλῆρος is the tithe (v. 24a) and the LORD (v. 20), not a territorial κλῆρος.
25

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:

New speech-unit: instructions for the Levites' own titheκαὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων
The final section (vv. 25–32) opens with a fresh speech-formula, now addressed to Moses (not Aaron), since the instruction concerns what the Levites must do with the tithe they receive. The standard ἐλάλησεν … λέγων frame marks a distinct legislative unit: the tithe-of-the-tithe.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak' (= דִּבֵּר); the formula ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν opens the closing section on the Levites' tithe-of-the-tithe; the shift to Moses signals new legislation to be mediated.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension hybrid in Rahlfs' LXX (acc. Μωυσῆν); the mediator through whom the Levites are now addressed.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (Hebraizing complement = לֵאמֹר)→ redundant participle of speech (introducing direct discourse)λέγω (pres. part.): the pleonastic λέγων renders לֵאמֹר ('saying'), the stereotyped marker introducing direct speech.
26

καὶ τοῖς Λευίταις λαλήσεις καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς ἐὰν λάβητε παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ τὸ ἐπιδέκατον ὃ δέδωκα ὑμῖν παρ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐν κλήρῳ καὶ ἀφελεῖτε ὑμεῖς ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ ἐπιδέκατον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπιδεκάτου

And to the Levites you shall speak, and you shall say to them: When you receive from the sons of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them as a lot, then you also shall set apart from it a contribution to the LORD, a tithe of the tithe.

The core instruction: the Levites must tithe their tithe to the LORDκαὶ τοῖς Λευίταις λαλήσεις
The heart of the closing section: the Levites, having received the tithe, must themselves 'set apart' (ἀφελεῖτε) a 'tithe of the tithe' (ἐπιδέκατον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπιδεκάτου) as YHWH's contribution. The emphatic καὶ … ὑμεῖς ('you also') makes the Levites, like the laity, tithers — they too render a heave-offering to the LORD, which then goes to the priests (v. 28).
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative of indirect object (to whom Moses speaks)→ sphere or referenceΛευίτης (dat. pl.): 'Levite'; the addressees of this instruction, mediated through Moses.
λαλήσειςyou shall speakFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (command to Moses, future-as-imperative)→ imperatival future (binding instruction to Moses)λαλέω: 'speak'; the second-singular future λαλήσεις functions as a command to Moses (Hebraizing imperatival future = וְדִבַּרְתָּ), 'you shall speak.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγω (ἐρῶ)main verb (imperatival future, parallel to λαλήσεις)→ imperatival future (binding instruction)λέγω / ἐρῶ (fut. ἐρεῖς): 'you shall say'; the doubled λαλήσεις … ἐρεῖς is a Hebraizing fullness (= וְדִבַּרְתָּ … וְאָמַרְתָּ), formally introducing the quoted instruction.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the Levites)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the Levites).
ἐὰνif / whenconditional conjunction (introducing protasis with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if / when(ever)' (= כִּי / אִם); introduces the condition — whenever the Levites receive the tithe; takes the subjunctive λάβητε.
λάβητεyou receiveAor Act Subj 2 Pl · λαμβάνωverb of protasis (conditional: when you receive)→ aorist subjunctive (the condition of receiving the tithe)λαμβάνω (aor. subj.): 'take / receive'; ἐὰν λάβητε = 'when you receive'; the condition that triggers the obligation to tithe the tithe.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (from the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive object of παρά (from the sons of Israel).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπιδέκατον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιδέκατονtitheAccusativedirect object of λάβητε→ object specificationἐπιδέκατον: 'tithe / tenth' (= מַעֲשֵׂר); the tithe the Levites receive from Israel, of which they must give a tenth to the priests.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of δέδωκα)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; 'which I have given,' modifying the tithe.
δέδωκαI have givenPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · δίδωμιverb of relative clause (the grant of the tithe)→ resultative perfect (standing grant)δίδωμι (perf.): the recurring δέδωκα; the tithe is YHWH's grant to the Levites, here recalled as the basis for their own obligation to tithe.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of recipient (to the Levites)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of recipient (to the Levites).
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά: 'from'; παρ᾿ αὐτῶν = 'from them,' i.e. from the sons of Israel, the source of the tithe.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of παρά (from them)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of παρά (from them).
ἐνaspreposition + dative (predicative: as a lot)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: predicative/Hebraizing (= לְ), 'as'; ἐν κλήρῳ = 'as a lot.'
κλήρῳa lotDativedative (predicative: as the Levites' lot)→ sphere or referenceκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion'; the tithe as the Levites' inheritance-lot (cf. vv. 21, 24).
καὶthen / andapodotic καί (introducing the apodosis after the ἐάν-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic (Hebraizing waw-apodosis), 'then'; introduces the consequence of the condition — when you receive, then you shall set apart.
ἀφελεῖτεyou shall set apartFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφαιρέωmain verb (apodosis: the obligation to tithe the tithe)→ legislative future (binding obligation)ἀφαιρέω: 'take away / lift off / set apart'; cognate with ἀφαίρεμα; the Levites must 'lift off' a portion of their tithe as YHWH's contribution; renders הֵרִים.
ὑμεῖςyou alsoNominativesubject (emphatic: you yourselves, the Levites)→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: the emphatic pronoun stresses that the Levites too — not only the laity — are tithers: 'you also shall set apart a contribution.'
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ = 'from it,' i.e. from the tithe they received.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (from the tithe)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπό (from the tithe).
ἀφαίρεμαa contributionAccusativedirect object of ἀφελεῖτε→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution / set-apart portion' (= תְּרוּמָה); the heave-offering the Levites must lift off their tithe for YHWH.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the contribution for YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the contribution is YHWH's, then assigned to the priest (v. 28).
ἐπιδέκατονa titheAccusativeaccusative in apposition (defining the contribution: a tithe)→ object specificationἐπιδέκατον: 'tithe / tenth'; ἐπιδέκατον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπιδεκάτου = 'a tithe of the tithe' (= מַעֲשֵׂר מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר); the Levites give a tenth of what they receive — the famous 'tithe of the tithe.'
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: of the tithe)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: of the tithe).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἐπιδεκάτου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιδεκάτουtitheGenitivepartitive genitive (a tithe of the tithe)→ relational specificationἐπιδέκατον: the second occurrence completes the phrase 'a tithe of the tithe'; the Levites' own contribution is calculated as a tenth of their received tithe.
27

καὶ λογισθήσεται ὑμῖν τὰ ἀφαιρέματα ὑμῶν ὡς σῖτος ἀπὸ ἅλω καὶ ἀφαίρεμα ἀπὸ ληνοῦ

And your contributions shall be reckoned to you as grain from the threshing-floor and as a contribution from the winepress.

The Levites' contribution reckoned as ordinary produceκαὶ λογισθήσεται ὑμῖν
A reassuring accounting principle: the Levites' tithe-of-the-tithe is 'reckoned' (λογισθήσεται) to them as if it were their own agricultural produce — grain from the threshing-floor (ἅλως) and wine from the winepress (ληνός). Though they own no land, their tithe-contribution counts as the firstfruits of harvest a landed farmer would offer; the verb λογίζομαι (reckon/impute) is theologically weighty in later usage (Gen 15:6; Rom 4).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λογισθήσεταιshall be reckonedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λογίζομαιmain verb (accounting-statement; sg with neut. pl. subject)→ legislative future (a fixed reckoning)λογίζομαι: 'reckon / count / impute'; renders חָשַׁב; the Levites' contribution is 'reckoned' as equivalent to a farmer's firstfruits — they are credited as if they had a harvest; the verb's accounting/imputation sense is central to Pauline justification-language (Gen 15:6; Rom 4:3–5).
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of advantage (reckoned to your credit)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (reckoned to your credit).
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ἀφαιρέματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρέματαcontributionsNominativesubject (the Levites' contributions)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα (pl.): 'contributions / set-apart portions' (= תְּרוּמֹת); the tithe-of-the-tithe the Levites lift off, here reckoned as their own produce.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὡςas / likecomparative particle (introducing the equivalence)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like'; renders כְּ; introduces the reckoning-equivalence — the contribution counts 'as' grain and wine.
σῖτοςgrainNominativepredicate (reckoned as grain)→ participant prominenceσῖτος: 'grain / wheat' (= דָּגָן); the threshing-floor produce; the contribution is credited as if it were a grain-harvest.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ἅλωthreshing-floorGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (from the threshing-floor)→ relational specificationἅλως / ἅλων: 'threshing-floor'; renders גֹּרֶן; the place where grain is threshed and from which firstfruits are taken; the contracted genitive ἅλω is the LXX form.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφαίρεμαa contributionNominativepredicate (reckoned as a contribution from the winepress)→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution'; here the wine-contribution; the Levites' offering is reckoned as the firstfruit-contribution a vintner would give.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ληνοῦwinepressGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (from the winepress)→ relational specificationληνός: 'winepress / wine-vat'; renders יֶקֶב; the place where grapes are pressed; the threshing-floor and winepress together stand for the whole agricultural yield (cf. Deut 15:14; the ληνός also figures in eschatological judgment, Rev 14:19–20).
28

οὕτως ἀφελεῖτε καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀφαιρεμάτων κυρίου ἀπὸ πάντων ἐπιδεκάτων ὑμῶν ὅσα ἐὰν λάβητε παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ δώσετε ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ Ααρων τῷ ἱερεῖ

Thus you also shall set apart contributions to the LORD from all your tithes, whatever you receive from the sons of Israel; and you shall give from them the LORD's contribution to Aaron the priest.

The destination of the Levites' contribution: Aaron the priestοὕτως ἀφελεῖτε καὶ ὑμεῖς
The summarizing οὕτως ('thus') gathers the instruction: the Levites set apart their contribution from all the tithes they receive, and this 'contribution to the LORD' is then physically given to Aaron the priest. The chain is now complete: people → Levites (tithe) → priests (tithe of the tithe). The priest, like the Levite, is sustained by the offerings, not by land.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
οὕτωςthus / soadverb (summarizing manner: in this way)→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / in this way'; renders כֵּן; gathers up the foregoing instruction into a summarizing directive.
ἀφελεῖτεyou shall set apartFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφαιρέωmain verb (the Levites' contribution-act)→ legislative future (binding obligation)ἀφαιρέω: 'lift off / set apart' (= הֵרִים); the Levites set apart their contribution from all their tithes.
καὶalsoadverbial (with ὑμεῖς: you also)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: 'also / even'; καὶ ὑμεῖς = 'you also,' again stressing the Levites' status as tithers alongside the laity.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject (emphatic: you yourselves)→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: the emphatic pronoun underlining that the Levites too render a contribution.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀφαιρεμάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαιρεμάτωνcontributionsGenitivegenitive of source (from the contributions of the LORD)→ relational specificationἀφαίρεμα (pl.): 'contributions'; τῶν ἀφαιρεμάτων κυρίου = 'the contributions belonging to the LORD,' the heave-offerings owed to him.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's contributions)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the contributions belong to him before being given to the priest.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: from all your tithes)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: from all your tithes).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἐπιδεκάτων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the contribution is drawn from all the tithes the Levites receive.
ἐπιδεκάτωνtithesGenitivegenitive of source (from all your tithes)→ relational specificationἐπιδέκατον (pl.): 'tithes' (= מַעַשְׂרֹת); the tithes received from Israel, from which the Levites lift off their own contribution.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of λάβητε)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever'; ὅσα ἐὰν λάβητε generalizes — whatever tithes you receive.
ἐὰνevermodal particle (= ἄν, with subjunctive λάβητε)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: here = ἄν, the modal particle generalizing the relative clause (a common Koine/LXX substitution of ἐάν for ἄν).
λάβητεyou receiveAor Act Subj 2 Pl · λαμβάνωverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (generalizing: whatever you may receive)λαμβάνω (aor. subj.): 'receive'; the subjunctive with ὅσα ἐάν generalizes over every tithe received.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (from the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive object of παρά (from the sons of Israel).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσετεyou shall giveFut Act Indic 2 Pl · δίδωμιmain verb (the destination: give to Aaron)→ legislative future (binding obligation)δίδωμι (fut.): 'give'; δώσετε … Ααρων τῷ ἱερεῖ = 'you shall give to Aaron the priest'; the Levites' contribution to YHWH is physically rendered to the priest, completing the offering-chain.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (partitive: from them)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν = 'from them,' i.e. from the tithes.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (from the tithes)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπό (from the tithes).
ἀφαίρεμαthe contributionAccusativedirect object of δώσετε→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution' (= תְּרוּמָה); the LORD's contribution, given to the priest.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the LORD's contribution)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה); the contribution is the LORD's, given through the priest.
Ααρωνto Aarondative of recipient (indeclinable: to Aaron)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable (= אַהֲרֹן); the high priest, the human recipient of the Levites' contribution — the offering-chain people → Levites → priest is complete.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἱερεῖ, in apposition to Ααρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖpriestDativedative in apposition to Ααρων (the priest)→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; Ααρων τῷ ἱερεῖ = 'Aaron the priest,' specifying his cultic office as the recipient of the contribution.
29

ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν δομάτων ὑμῶν ἀφελεῖτε ἀφαίρεμα κυρίῳ ἢ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἀπαρχῶν τὸ ἡγιασμένον ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ

From all your gifts you shall set apart a contribution to the LORD, even from all the firstfruits the consecrated part of it.

The contribution must be the consecrated, choicest partἀπὸ πάντων τῶν δομάτων ὑμῶν
The Levites' contribution is to be taken from all their gifts, and specifically 'the consecrated part' (τὸ ἡγιασμένον) of all the firstfruits — i.e. the choicest, holiest portion. The point (made explicit in the Hebrew of v. 29, 'its best part') is that the contribution lifted off for YHWH must not be the inferior remainder but the consecrated best.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with δομάτων)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the contribution is drawn from all the Levites' gifts.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with δομάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δομάτωνgiftsGenitivegenitive of source (from your gifts)→ relational specificationδόμα (pl. δόματα): 'gift'; the tithes received by the Levites, regarded as gifts, from which their contribution is lifted.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀφελεῖτεyou shall set apartFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφαιρέωmain verb (the contribution-act)→ legislative future (binding obligation)ἀφαιρέω: 'lift off / set apart' (= הֵרִים); the Levites lift off their contribution to YHWH.
ἀφαίρεμαa contributionAccusativedirect object of ἀφελεῖτε→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'contribution' (= תְּרוּמָה); the heave-offering lifted off for YHWH.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton (יהוה).
ἢeven / that isparticle (epexegetical/explicative: namely)→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; here epexegetical/explicative, 'even, namely' — clarifying that the contribution is specifically the consecrated part of the firstfruits (an LXX rendering of the Hebrew מִכֹּל, 'from all').
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἀπαρχῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; from all the firstfruits.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀπαρχῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχῶνfirstfruitsGenitivegenitive of source (from all the firstfruits)→ relational specificationἀπαρχή (pl.): 'firstfruits / first portions' (= תְּרוּמֹת / רֵאשִׁית); the choicest offerings, from which the consecrated part is taken.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing the participle ἡγιασμένον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμένονthe consecrated partPerf Pass Part Acc Neut Sg · ἁγιάζωsubstantival participle (in apposition to ἀφαίρεμα: the consecrated portion)→ resultative perfect participle (in a state of consecration)ἁγιάζω (perf. pass. part.): 'consecrate / make holy'; τὸ ἡγιασμένον = 'the consecrated/sanctified part'; the contribution must be the holy, choicest portion (rendering מִקְדְּשׁוֹ / חֶלְבּוֹ, 'its hallowed/best part'), not the inferior remnant.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (partitive: from it)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ = 'from it,' i.e. from the tithe.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (from the tithe)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπό (from the tithe).
30

καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς ὅταν ἀφαιρῆτε τὴν ἀπαρχὴν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ λογισθήσεται τοῖς Λευίταις ὡς γένημα ἀπὸ ἅλω καὶ ὡς γένημα ἀπὸ ληνοῦ

And you shall say to them: When you set apart the firstfruit from it, then it shall be reckoned to the Levites as produce from the threshing-floor and as produce from the winepress.

Restatement of the reckoning-principle (cf. v. 27)καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς
A near-repetition of v. 27, with γένημα ('produce') in place of σῖτος: once the Levites lift off the firstfruit, the remainder is reckoned to them as ordinary agricultural produce — threshing-floor grain and winepress wine — which they may eat freely (v. 31). The temporal ὅταν + subjunctive marks the lifting-off as the precondition of free use.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγω (ἐρῶ)main verb (imperatival future to Moses)→ imperatival future (binding instruction)λέγω / ἐρῶ (fut.): 'you shall say'; Moses is to convey this reckoning-rule to the Levites (= וְאָמַרְתָּ).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the Levites)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the Levites).
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (with subjunctive: whenever you set apart)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'when(ever)'; takes the subjunctive ἀφαιρῆτε; the lifting-off is the temporal precondition of the reckoning and free use that follow.
ἀφαιρῆτεyou set apartPres Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀφαιρέωverb of temporal clause (when you lift off)→ present subjunctive (the act of setting apart, viewed in process)ἀφαιρέω (pres. subj.): 'lift off / set apart'; ὅταν ἀφαιρῆτε = 'when you set apart' the contribution; the present aspect views the act as the recurring condition.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀπαρχήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχὴνfirstfruitAccusativedirect object of ἀφαιρῆτε→ object specificationἀπαρχή: 'firstfruit / contribution' (= תְּרוּמָה); the choice portion the Levites lift off; once removed, the rest becomes ordinary food.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (partitive: from it)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ = 'from it,' the tithe.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπό.
καὶthen / andapodotic καί (introducing the apodosis after ὅταν)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic (waw-apodosis), 'then'; introduces the reckoning that follows the lifting-off.
λογισθήσεταιit shall be reckonedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λογίζομαιmain verb (accounting-statement)→ legislative future (fixed reckoning)λογίζομαι: 'reckon / count / impute' (= חָשַׁב); the remainder is credited to the Levites as ordinary produce, free to eat; cf. v. 27 and the imputation-language of Gen 15:6; Rom 4.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative of advantage (reckoned to the Levites)→ sphere or referenceΛευίτης (dat. pl.): 'Levite'; to whom the remainder is credited as their own produce.
ὡςascomparative particle (introducing equivalence)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / like' (= כְּ); the remainder counts 'as' produce of floor and press.
γένημαproduceNominativepredicate (reckoned as produce)→ participant prominenceγένημα: 'produce / fruit of the earth'; from γίνομαι; renders תְּבוּאָה ('yield'); to be distinguished from γέννημα ('offspring'); the agricultural yield to which the Levites' remainder is equated (cf. the floor/press of v. 27).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ἅλωthreshing-floorGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἅλως: 'threshing-floor' (= גֹּרֶן); the grain-source; the contracted genitive ἅλω is the LXX form.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςascomparative particle (parallel)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γένημαproduceNominativepredicate (reckoned as produce, parallel)→ participant prominenceγένημα: 'produce'; here the wine-yield of the press.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ληνοῦwinepressGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationληνός: 'winepress' (= יֶקֶב); the wine-source; floor and press together represent the whole harvest.
31

καὶ ἔδεσθε αὐτὸ ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ὑμεῖς καὶ οἱ οἶκοι ὑμῶν ὅτι μισθὸς οὗτος ὑμῖν ἐστιν ἀντὶ τῶν λειτουργιῶν ὑμῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And you shall eat it in every place, you and your households, for this is your wages in return for your services in the tent of meeting.

The Levites' free use of the remainder, defined as wagesκαὶ ἔδεσθε αὐτὸ ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ
Once the contribution is lifted off, the Levites may eat the rest 'in every place' (ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ) — not confined to the sanctuary — with their whole households, because it is their μισθός ('wages') for service. The explicit wage-language (μισθός … ἀντὶ τῶν λειτουργιῶν) seals the theology of the tithe: it is earned compensation for tabernacle-labor, the Levites' livelihood in lieu of land.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (consumption-permission)→ legislative future (standing permission)ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδομαι): 'eat'; ἔδεσθε αὐτό = 'you shall eat it'; the Levites may freely consume the remainder of the tithe.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object (the remainder of the tithe)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the remainder of the tithe).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
παντὶeveryDativeattributive adjective (with τόπῳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'every'; ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ = 'in every place,' marking the tithe-remainder as ordinary (non-holy) food, unrestricted as to where it is eaten (contrast the most holy portions of v. 10).
τόπῳplaceDativedative of place (in every place)→ sphere or referenceτόπος: 'place'; renders מָקוֹם; the freedom to eat 'in every place' confirms the remainder is non-sacral, the Levites' common food.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject in apposition (you yourselves)→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: 'you'; the Levites, who with their households may eat the remainder.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with οἶκοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοιhouseholdsNominativesubject (coordinate: and your households)→ participant prominenceοἶκος (pl. οἶκοι): 'house / household'; renders בָּתִּים; the Levites' whole families share the remainder — a household provision, not restricted to males or to the sanctuary.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounding the free use)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for' (= כִּי); grounds the free eating in the tithe's nature as wages.
μισθὸςwages / rewardNominativepredicate nominative (this is your wages)→ participant prominenceμισθός: 'wages / pay / reward'; renders שָׂכָר; the tithe is explicitly the Levites' earned compensation for service — not charity but a wage; the term is theologically rich in the NT (Matt 5:12; 1 Cor 3:8; 1 Tim 5:18).
οὗτοςthisNominativesubject (demonstrative: this [is] your wages)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; μισθὸς οὗτος = 'this is wages,' identifying the tithe-remainder as the Levites' pay.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession (your wages)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (your wages).
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication: this is your wages)→ gnomic present (a standing fact)εἰμί (pres.): 'be'; the equative copula declaring the tithe's standing character as wages.
ἀντὶin return forpreposition + genitive (exchange/compensation)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί + gen.: 'in return for / in exchange for'; ἀντὶ τῶν λειτουργιῶν = 'in return for your services'; the same compensation-language as v. 21, framing the tithe as quid pro quo for labor.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with λειτουργιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργιῶνservicesGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί→ relational specificationλειτουργία: 'service / ministry' (= עֲבֹדָה); the Levites' tabernacle-labor, for which the tithe is the recompense.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῶνthe (ones)Genitivearticle (attributive: the services in the tent)→ noun-phrase markingὁ, ἡ, τό: the repeated article τῶν … τῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ specifies which services — those rendered in the tent of meeting.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with σκηνῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (in the tent)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; the locus of the Levites' compensated service.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witness / meetingGenitivegenitive (attributive)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: the 'tent of witness' (= אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד).
32

καὶ οὐ λήμψεσθε δι᾿ αὐτὸ ἁμαρτίαν ὅτι ἂν ἀφαιρῆτε τὴν ἀπαρχὴν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ἅγια τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ οὐ βεβηλώσετε ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνητε

And you shall not bear sin on its account, when you set apart the firstfruit from it; and you shall not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel, lest you die.

Closing safeguard: lift off the contribution and you bear no sinκαὶ οὐ λήμψεσθε δι᾿ αὐτὸ ἁμαρτίαν
The chapter closes by returning to its opening liability-language (λήμψεσθε … ἁμαρτίαν, cf. v. 1): provided the Levites faithfully lift off the contribution, they 'bear no sin' and do not profane (οὐ βεβηλώσετε) the holy things. The final ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνητε ('lest you die') seals the whole chapter with the death-sanction that has framed it (vv. 3, 7, 22), bringing the answer to 17:27–28 full circle: holiness rightly guarded means life, not death.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with λήμψεσθε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψεσθεyou shall bearFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (liability-statement: you shall bear no sin)→ legislative future (assured outcome of obedience)λαμβάνω: 'take / bear'; οὐ λήμψεσθε … ἁμαρτίαν = 'you shall not bear sin' (= לֹא תִשְׂאוּ … חֵטְא); the liability-idiom of v. 1, now negated — faithful tithing of the tithe frees the Levites from guilt.
δι᾿on account ofpreposition + accusative (cause: because of it)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + acc.: 'on account of / because of'; δι᾿ αὐτό = 'on its account,' i.e. concerning the tithe; no guilt attaches to eating it once the contribution is removed.
αὐτὸitAccusativeaccusative object of διά (the tithe)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of διά (the tithe).
ἁμαρτίανsin / guiltAccusativedirect object of λήμψεσθε→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / guilt-liability'; the guilt the Levites avoid by faithfully lifting off the contribution.
ὅτιwhen / in thatconjunction (here temporal/conditional with ἄν: whenever)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: normally 'because / that,' but here with ἄν functioning temporally/conditionally ('when / provided that you set apart') — an LXX idiom; the no-guilt outcome is conditioned on lifting off the firstfruit.
ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive ἀφαιρῆτε)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: modal particle with the subjunctive, generalizing/conditioning the clause ('whenever you set apart').
ἀφαιρῆτεyou set apartPres Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀφαιρέωverb of conditional-temporal clause→ present subjunctive (the conditioning act of setting apart)ἀφαιρέω (pres. subj.): 'lift off / set apart'; the condition on which the Levites incur no guilt — they must remove the firstfruit-contribution before eating the rest.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀπαρχήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχὴνfirstfruitAccusativedirect object of ἀφαιρῆτε→ object specificationἀπαρχή: 'firstfruit / contribution' (= תְּרוּמָה); the portion that must be removed for YHWH.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (partitive: from it)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: 'from'; ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ = 'from it,' the tithe.
αὐτοῦitGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀπό.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἅγια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy thingsAccusativedirect object of βεβηλώσετε→ object specificationἅγιος (subst. τὰ ἅγια): 'holy things'; τὰ ἅγια τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ = the consecrated offerings of Israel, which must not be profaned by careless or greedy handling.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of source (holy things of the sons of Israel)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of source (holy things of the sons of Israel).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable (= יִשְׂרָאֵל).
οὐnotnegative particle (with βεβηλώσετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βεβηλώσετεyou shall profaneFut Act Indic 2 Pl · βεβηλόωmain verb (prohibition: you shall not profane)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)βεβηλόω: 'profane / desecrate / treat as common'; from βέβηλος ('unhallowed, accessible to all'); renders חִלֵּל; to profane the holy things is to treat the sacred as common — the cardinal cultic offense, here guarded against on pain of death.
ἵναso thatpurpose conjunction (negative purpose: lest)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα (+ μή): 'so that … not / lest'; introduces the negative purpose clause with the subjunctive — the deadly consequence to be avoided.
μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive ἀποθάνητε)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with the subjunctive in the ἵνα-clause; ἵνα μὴ = 'lest.'
ἀποθάνητεyou dieAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of negative purpose clause (lest you die)→ aorist subjunctive (the death to be averted)ἀποθνῄσκω (aor. subj.): 'die'; ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνητε = 'lest you die'; the chapter's closing death-sanction, echoing vv. 3, 7, 22 and answering the people's terror of 17:27–28 — the whole guardianship-and-dues system exists so that those who serve the holy may live, not perish.