Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 26ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ ΚϚ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Numbers 26 is the long census-narrative of the second numbering of Israel on the plains of Moab (Αραβωθ Μωαβ), undertaken after the plague (μετὰ τὴν πληγήν, v.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 26 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Numbers 26 is the long census-narrative of the second numbering of Israel on the plains of Moab (Αραβωθ Μωαβ), undertaken after the plague (μετὰ τὴν πληγήν, v. 1; cf. ch. 25) by Moses and Eleazar the priest. The chapter is dominated by two technical terms: ἐπίσκεψις ('numbering / mustering', the cognate of the verb ἐπισκέπτομαι) and δῆμος ('clan / people'), the latter recurring in the stereotyped formula δῆμος τοῦ / ὁ X ('the clan of X'), patronymically naming each sub-family of each tribe. The tribal roster (vv. 5–50) proceeds Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Gad, Asher, the Josephite tribes Manasseh and Ephraim, Benjamin, Dan, and Naphtali, each closed with its ἐπίσκεψις-total; the grand total is 601,730 (v. 51). The recurring clan-names and patronymics are transliterations of the Hebrew and are treated here as indeclinable (kind 'x'). Embedded in the Reubenite section is the excursus on Dathan, Abiram and the company of Korah (vv. 8–11), recalling ch. 16, with the theologically weighty note that 'the sons of Korah did not die' (v. 11). The Manassite section preserves the genealogy reaching Zelophehad (Σαλπααδ), who had no sons but only daughters — Mala, Noua, Egla, Melcha, Thersa (v. 33; cf. v. 37) — the legal setup for the inheritance ruling of ch. 27 and 36. Verses 52–56 give the divine principle of allotment: the land is to be apportioned ἐν κλήρῳ ('by lot') and proportionally, τοῖς πλείοσιν a larger κληρονομία and τοῖς ἐλάττοσιν a smaller — combining the seemingly contrary mechanisms of lot and headcount. The Levites are numbered separately (vv. 57–62), since οὐ … δίδοται αὐτοῖς κλῆρος ('no allotment is given to them') among the Israelites. The chapter closes (vv. 63–65) with the solemn theological note that not one man (οὐδὲ εἷς) of the generation numbered at Sinai (ch. 1) survived the wilderness except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua (Ἰησοῦς) son of Nun — the precise fulfilment of YHWH's oath at 14:29–35 (θανάτῳ ἀποθανοῦνται ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ), a passage Paul and the writer to the Hebrews read as paradigmatic warning (1 Cor 10:1–11; Heb 3:7–4:11).

1

καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὴν πληγὴν καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ πρὸς Ελεαζαρ τὸν ἱερέα λέγων

And it came to pass after the plague that the LORD spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the priest, saying:

New narrative unit introduced by temporal formula (main narrative)καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὴν πληγήν
The Hebraizing καὶ ἐγένετο (rendering וַיְהִי) opens a new section; the temporal phrase μετὰ τὴν πληγήν ('after the plague') anchors the second census in the aftermath of the apostasy and judgment of ch. 25 (the plague that killed 24,000). The double address 'to Moses and to Eleazar the priest' signals the transfer of priestly authority from Aaron (now dead, 20:28) to his son Eleazar.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (temporal-narrative formula)→ constative aorist (event-introducing)γίνομαι: 'become / happen / come to pass'; the formula καὶ ἐγένετο renders the Hebrew narrative opener וַיְהִי, signalling the start of a new episode and locating it in time.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (temporal).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληγὴνplagueAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (temporal: 'after the plague')→ object specificationπληγή: 'blow / plague / stroke'; here the specific plague of ch. 25 (the apostasy of Baal-Peor) that killed 24,000; the article τήν marks it as a known, just-narrated event, making this census the demographic reckoning of the new generation after divine judgment.
καὶandapodotic καί (resuming after the temporal clause; Hebraism)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here the apodotic καί common after καὶ ἐγένετο + temporal phrase, rendering the Hebrew waw of the main clause; idiomatically untranslated in English ('it came to pass … that …').
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (divine speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the standard LXX verb for YHWH's authoritative address; the aorist introduces the divine command that governs the whole chapter.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; nominative subject of the speech-formula marking this as unmediated YHWH-speech.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, dat. Μωυσῇ, acc. Μωυσῆν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech, repeated)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech, repeated).
ΕλεαζαρEleazaraccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('God has helped'); third son of Aaron and his successor as high priest (20:25–28); indeclinable in the LXX; his pairing with Moses signals the new priestly authority overseeing the census.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἱερέα, in apposition to Ελεαζαρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέαpriestAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ→ object specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the title identifies Eleazar in his official capacity as high priest, the cultic authority alongside Moses' civil/prophetic leadership.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing, Hebraism)→ redundant participle (rendering Hebrew לֵאמֹר, introducing direct speech)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων is the stereotyped LXX rendering of Hebrew לֵאמֹר ('saying'), introducing the content of direct speech that follows in v. 2.
2

λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν πάσης συναγωγῆς υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος παρατάξασθαι ἐν Ισραηλ

Take the sum of the whole congregation of the sons of Israel from twenty years old and upward, by their ancestral houses, everyone who goes out to muster for battle in Israel.

Divine command (content of the speech introduced in v. 1)λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχήν
The aorist imperative λαβέ opens the census command; τὴν ἀρχήν ('the sum / head-count') is a technical idiom for taking a total. The criteria mirror the first census of ch. 1: ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ('from twenty years and upward') and the martial qualification πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος παρατάξασθαι ('everyone who goes out to deploy for battle'), framing the numbering as a muster of the army of the new generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned act)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; with ἀρχήν the idiom λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχήν renders the Hebrew שְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ ('lift up the head [= take the sum]'), a technical census expression for tallying a total.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὴνsum / beginningAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationἀρχή: 'beginning / sum / total'; here it renders רֹאשׁ ('head') in the census idiom 'take the head/sum of'; the phrase denotes a complete reckoning of the congregation's number.
πάσηςall / wholeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγῆς)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole / every'; the genitive πάσης agrees with συναγωγῆς, stressing the comprehensive scope of the numbering — the entire community.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive (partitive/objective: 'the sum of the congregation')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / congregation / assembly'; renders עֵדָה, the standard term for Israel as an assembled covenant community; here the whole body to be counted.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with συναγωγῆς)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the phrase υἱῶν Ισραηλ ('sons/children of Israel') is the standard designation of the people; genitive defining whose congregation.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the eponymous patriarch standing for the nation.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (age qualification)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old'; a compound adjective (εἴκοσι + ἔτος); the phrase ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ('from twenty years and upward') is the fixed census lower-bound (cf. 1:3), the age of military eligibility.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (extending the age range upward)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward'; renders מַעְלָה; with ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς it sets the open-ended upper range of those counted.
κατ᾿according to / bypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by houses')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by / according to'; the elided form κατ᾿ before οἴκους introduces the organizing principle of the census — household by household.
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; the phrase κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν ('by ancestral houses') renders לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם, the genealogical unit by which Israel was organized and counted.
πατριῶνof ancestral familiesGenitivegenitive of relationship (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'ancestral family / lineage'; renders אָב (in the plural construct 'fathers' houses'); together with οἴκους it specifies the patrilineal structuring of the census.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριῶν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριῶν).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject of the participial qualification (nominative absolute / appositional summary)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; here substantival, 'everyone (who...)', defining the qualifying class of those to be counted — the militarily eligible.
ὁthe oneNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle ἐκπορευόμενος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing outPres Mid Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (defining πᾶς: 'the one who goes out')→ customary present participle (habitual capacity for military service)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / march out'; renders יָצָא; with παρατάξασθαι the idiom ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος παρατάξασθαι ('the one who goes out to deploy [for war]') is the technical census criterion of military fitness (cf. 1:3).
παρατάξασθαιto muster for battleAor Mid Inf · παρατάσσωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐκπορευόμενος)→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the going-out)παρατάσσω (mid. 'draw oneself up in battle array'): 'deploy / form for battle'; renders צָבָא / עָרַךְ; the middle infinitive expresses the purpose of going out — to take one's place in the battle-line, i.e. to be of fighting age.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
ΙσραηλIsraeldative object of ἐν (indeclinable: sphere of the muster)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: here the national-military body; ἐν Ισραηλ ('in Israel') defines the sphere within which one is reckoned fit to deploy.
3

καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς ἐν Αραβωθ Μωαβ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατὰ Ιεριχω λέγων

And Moses and Eleazar the priest spoke in Araboth-Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho, saying:

Execution of the command (narrative continuation)καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς
Moses and Eleazar carry out the census-command. The geographic anchor Αραβωθ Μωαβ … ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατὰ Ιεριχω ('the plains of Moab, by the Jordan opposite Jericho') locates the second numbering on the threshold of the promised land, contrasting it with the first census at Sinai (ch. 1) and framing the whole chapter as the demographic transition from the wilderness to the conquest.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (singular with compound subject, agreeing with the first member)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; the singular verb with the compound subject Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ follows the common Semitic-Greek pattern of agreement with the nearer (first) subject.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first member of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: nominative subject; the leader who, with Eleazar, executes the divine census-command.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsecond member of compound subject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: the high priest; indeclinable; nominative function as second subject.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; the official title qualifying Eleazar; renders כֹּהֵן.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΑραβωθArabothplace-name (indeclinable; object of ἐν)→ participant identificationΑραβωθ: transliteration of Hebrew עַרְבֹת ('plains / steppes'); with Μωαβ it names the plains of Moab in the Jordan valley, Israel's staging-ground before the conquest (cf. 22:1).
ΜωαβMoabplace-name in apposition/construct with Αραβωθ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliteration of Hebrew מוֹאָב; the territory east of the Dead Sea; Αραβωθ Μωαβ = 'the plains of Moab.'
ἐπὶby / atpreposition + genitive (location alongside)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location alongside).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: transliteration of Hebrew יַרְדֵּן; the river forming the eastern boundary of Canaan; declined as a first-declension noun in the LXX.
κατὰopposite / nearpreposition + accusative (position 'over against')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here 'opposite / over against'; κατὰ Ιεριχω ('opposite Jericho') fixes the precise spot on the east bank facing the city of palms.
ΙεριχωJerichoplace-name (indeclinable; object of κατά)→ participant identificationΙεριχω: transliteration of Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ; the first city of the conquest (Josh 6); indeclinable; its mention here foreshadows the imminent crossing.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing, Hebraism)→ redundant participle (rendering Hebrew לֵאמֹר)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): stereotyped λέγων rendering לֵאמֹר, introducing the census proclamation that follows in v. 4.
4

ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου

'From twenty years old and upward,' as the LORD commanded Moses. And these are the sons of Israel who came out of Egypt:

Resumption of census criterion + heading of the rosterἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω
The verse repeats the age-criterion of v. 2 (ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω) as the proclaimed terms, with the obedience-formula ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος ('just as the LORD commanded'). The closing clause καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ('and the sons of Israel who came out of Egypt') functions as the heading of the tribal roster that begins in v. 5 — a roster of the Exodus generation's descendants.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (age lower-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (age lower-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (age qualification)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old'; the repeated census lower-bound (cf. v. 2), here cited as the proclaimed terms of the numbering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (extending the range upward)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward'; completes the open-ended age range as in v. 2.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in the manner which')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the phrase ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') is an adverbial accusative of manner introducing the obedience-formula.
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeaccusative of manner (with ὃν: 'in the manner that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; ὃν τρόπον renders כַּאֲשֶׁר ('just as'); the idiom marks exact conformity to the divine command.
συνέταξενcommanded / orderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of the comparative clause (obedience-formula)→ constative aorist (completed divine ordinance)συντάσσω: 'arrange / command / order'; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb for divine command; the formula ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος underscores the census's grounding in YHWH's directive.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the commanding authority behind the census.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the recipient of the divine ordinance; dative of the one commanded.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the roster-heading)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading of the roster: 'and these are the sons of Israel')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ here heads the tribal list of vv. 5–50; the nominative stands as a title without an explicit verb ('and [these are] the sons of Israel').
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the nation; indeclinable.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle ἐξελθόντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξελθόντεςhaving come outAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιattributive participle (modifying υἱοί: 'who came out')→ constative aorist participle (the completed Exodus)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go/come out'; renders יָצָא; the participle οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ('who came out of Egypt') marks the roster as the descendants of the Exodus generation, the new generation born or grown in the wilderness.
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (source)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: standard LXX form of Hebrew מִצְרַיִם; the land of the bondage from which Israel was redeemed; genitive of source with ἐξ.
5

Ρουβην πρωτότοκος Ισραηλ υἱοὶ δὲ Ρουβην Ενωχ καὶ δῆμος τοῦ Ενωχ τῷ Φαλλου δῆμος τοῦ Φαλλουι

Reuben, Israel's firstborn. And the sons of Reuben: Enoch, and the clan of Enoch; to Phallou, the clan of Phallou;

Head of the tribal roster (first tribe)Ρουβην πρωτότοκος Ισραηλ
The roster opens with Reuben, designated πρωτότοκος Ισραηλ ('Israel's firstborn'), the natural starting-point of a patrilineal census. The stereotyped clan-formula begins here: the patriarchal son named, then δῆμος τοῦ / ὁ X ('the clan of X'), the patronymic naming each sub-family. The dative τῷ X ('belonging to X') introduces each subsequent clan-head.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ΡουβηνReubennominative (heading the tribe; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן; Jacob's eldest son and the firstborn tribe; indeclinable throughout the LXX.
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornNominativepredicate/appositive noun (defining Reuben)→ participant prominenceπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn'; renders בְּכוֹר; identifies Reuben's birthright status (though forfeited, Gen 49:3–4), explaining his position at the head of the list.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: here the patriarch Jacob, whose firstborn Reuben is.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the sub-list of Reuben's sons)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; introduces the clan-fathers descended from Reuben.
δὲand / nownarrative continuative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle moving the roster from the tribal heading to the clan-list.
Ρουβηνof Reubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: 'of Reuben'; whose sons are now enumerated.
ΕνωχEnochnominative (first clan-father; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕνωχ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲנוֹךְ (Hanoch); a son of Reuben and eponym of a Reubenite clan; not the antediluvian Enoch.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head: 'the clan of...')→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'people / clan / family-division'; renders מִשְׁפָּחָה; the key census term of the chapter, naming each patronymic sub-group of a tribe; here 'the clan of Enoch.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with the clan-name)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕνωχEnochgenitive of relationship (eponym of the clan; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕνωχ: the eponymous ancestor of the Enochite clan (δῆμος τοῦ Ενωχ = 'clan of Enoch').
τῷto / belonging toDativearticle (dative of the clan-head: 'to/for Phallou')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (dat. τῷ): the dative article + clan-name is the recurring formula 'belonging to X [there is] the clan of X', listing each sub-family.
ΦαλλουPhalloudative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαλλου: transliteration of Hebrew פַלּוּא (Pallu); second son of Reuben (cf. Gen 46:9).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; see above; here the clan of Phallou.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with the clan-name)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦαλλουιPhallou(ite)genitive of relationship (gentilic form of the clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαλλουι: the gentilic/patronymic form (Hebrew הַפַּלֻּאִי, 'the Palluite'); the LXX often retains the Hebrew -i adjective ending, so the clan-name appears as Φαλλουι.
6

τῷ Ασρων δῆμος τοῦ Ασρωνι τῷ Χαρμι δῆμος τοῦ Χαρμι

to Hezron, the clan of the Hezronite; to Carmi, the clan of Carmi.

Continuation of the Reubenite clan-listτῷ Ασρων
Two further Reubenite clans, Hezron and Carmi, completing the four clans of Reuben (Enoch, Phallou, Hezron, Carmi; cf. Gen 46:9). The formula τῷ X δῆμος τοῦ X(-i) repeats mechanically.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσρωνHezrondative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσρων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶצְרוֹן (Hezron); a Reubenite clan-father (a different Hezron from the Judahite at v. 21).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Hezron.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσρωνιHezronitegenitive of relationship (gentilic clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσρωνι: gentilic form (Hebrew הַחֶצְרוֹנִי, 'the Hezronite').
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαρμιCarmidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧαρμι: transliteration of Hebrew כַּרְמִי (Carmi); fourth Reubenite clan-father.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Carmi.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαρμιCarmigenitive of relationship (eponym; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧαρμι: here in the genitive slot as eponym (the form unchanged), δῆμος τοῦ Χαρμι = 'clan of Carmi.'
7

οὗτοι δῆμοι Ρουβην καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν τρεῖς καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι καὶ τριάκοντα

These are the clans of Reuben; and their numbering was forty-three thousand seven hundred and thirty.

Summary and total for the tribe (closing formula)οὗτοι δῆμοι Ρουβην
The first tribal subtotal, introduced by the closing formula οὗτοι δῆμοι X ('these are the clans of X') + ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ('their numbering') + the number. Reuben totals 43,730 (a decline from 46,500 in ch. 1). ἐπίσκεψις ('mustering / numbered total') is the chapter's technical census-noun.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (summarizing the clans)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'this / these'; the closing-formula demonstrative gathering up the clans just listed.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative ('these [are] the clans')→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl. δῆμοι): the clans/family-divisions of Reuben collectively.
Ρουβηνof Reubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: 'of Reuben'; whose clans are summed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοwasAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (with ἐπίσκεψις: 'their numbering was')→ constative aorist (the resultant total)γίνομαι: 'become / amount to'; here 'their numbering amounted to'; the verb introduces the totaled figure.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering / census-total'; cognate of ἐπισκέπτομαι ('inspect / muster'); renders פְּקֻדִּים; the technical census-noun recurring throughout the chapter for each tribe's tallied total.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἐπίσκεψις).
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-three')→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; combined with τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 'forty-three thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable; with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal; τρεῖς καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 43,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun (units of a thousand)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'a thousand (as a unit)'; the plural χιλιάδες with a cardinal gives the count in thousands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; part of the compound total 43,730.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; completing Reuben's total of 43,730.
8

καὶ υἱοὶ Φαλλου Ελιαβ

And the sons of Phallou: Eliab.

Genealogical excursus begins (Pallu → Eliab)καὶ υἱοὶ Φαλλου
The roster pauses to trace one Reubenite line in detail: Phallou → Eliab → (v. 9) Nemuel, Dathan, Abiram. This genealogical excursus (vv. 8–11) sets up the recollection of the Korah rebellion (ch. 16), embedded within the census as a theological reminder of judgment within the tribe.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the sub-genealogy)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; here introducing the descendants of Phallou in the excursus.
Φαλλουof Phallougenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαλλου: Pallu, the Reubenite clan-father of v. 5, whose line is now traced.
ΕλιαβEliabnominative (son of Phallou; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִיאָב ('my God is father'); son of Pallu and father of Dathan and Abiram.
9

καὶ υἱοὶ Ελιαβ Ναμουηλ καὶ Δαθαν καὶ Αβιρων οὗτοι ἐπίκλητοι τῆς συναγωγῆς οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐπισυστάντες ἐπὶ Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ Κορε ἐν τῇ ἐπισυστάσει κυρίου

And the sons of Eliab: Nemuel, and Dathan, and Abiram. These are the notable men of the congregation, these are the ones who rose up against Moses and Aaron in the company of Korah, when they rose up against the LORD.

Recollection of the Korah rebellion (ch. 16) embedded in the genealogyκαὶ υἱοὶ Ελιαβ
The genealogy reaches the rebels Dathan and Abiram. The double οὗτοι … οὗτοί εἰσιν highlights them as ἐπίκλητοι ('summoned/notable men') who joined the insurrection of Korah against Moses and Aaron — and ultimately ἐν τῇ ἐπισυστάσει κυρίου ('in the rising-up against the LORD'), the LXX making explicit that rebellion against the leaders is rebellion against YHWH himself. The census thus carries an embedded warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the sons of Eliab)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Eliab continue the excursus-genealogy.
Ελιαβof Eliabgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: the father (v. 8) of the three named sons.
ΝαμουηλNemuelnominative (first son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαμουηλ: transliteration of Hebrew נְמוּאֵל (Nemuel); eldest son of Eliab, not implicated in the rebellion.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔαθανDathannominative (second son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαθαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּתָן (Dathan); a Reubenite ringleader of the revolt against Moses (ch. 16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβιρωνAbiramnominative (third son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑβιρων: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבִירָם (Abiram); with his brother Dathan a leader of the Reubenite faction in Korah's rebellion.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (pointing to Dathan and Abiram)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; resumes the two rebels for the explanatory note.
ἐπίκλητοιnotable / summoned menNominativepredicate nominative ('[were] notable men')→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'called / summoned / notable'; renders קְרִיאֵי הָעֵדָה ('those summoned of the assembly', i.e. the chosen leaders); in 16:2 the same expression describes the 250 chiefs — men of rank who lent the revolt its gravity.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with συναγωγῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive (defining ἐπίκλητοι: 'notables of the congregation')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; renders עֵדָה; the body whose summoned leaders these men were.
οὗτοίtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (emphatic repetition)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: the second οὗτοί intensifies the identification of the rebels.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (with the participial predicate)→ stative present (identifying)εἰμί: 'to be'; the copula linking the demonstrative to the substantival participle οἱ ἐπισυστάντες.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing ἐπισυστάντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισυστάντεςhaving risen upAor Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ἐπισυνίστημιsubstantival participle (predicate: 'the ones who rose up')→ constative aorist participle (the act of insurrection)ἐπισυνίστημι (intransitive aor. ptcp.): 'rise up together / conspire against'; the compound (ἐπί + συν + ἵστημι) denotes banding together in revolt; cognate with ἐπισύστασις below, framing the rebellion as a concerted uprising.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile direction).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the object of the rebellion; here accusative as the one risen against.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; the high priest, co-target of the revolt with his brother Moses.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (association)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (association).
τῇtheDativearticle (with συναγωγῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῇcompany / gatheringDativedative of association (with Κορε: 'in the company of Korah')→ sphere or referenceσυναγωγή: here 'company / gathering / faction'; ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ Κορε = 'in the band/company of Korah', the conspiratorial group of ch. 16.
Κορεof Korahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚορε: transliteration of Hebrew קֹרַח (Korah); the Levite (Kohathite) who led the rebellion; here naming the faction (συναγωγὴ Κορε).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (circumstance)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (circumstance).
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐπισυστάσει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισυστάσειrising-up / insurrectionDativedative of circumstance (defining the rebellion's true object)→ sphere or referenceἐπισύστασις: 'uprising / conspiracy / insurrection'; cognate with ἐπισυστάντες; ἐν τῇ ἐπισυστάσει κυρίου ('in the rising-up against the LORD') theologically reframes the revolt — sedition against the divinely appointed leaders is rebellion against YHWH himself.
κυρίουagainst the LORDGenitiveobjective genitive (with ἐπισυστάσει: 'rising-up against the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the objective genitive makes YHWH the ultimate one rebelled against — the climax of the indictment.
10

καὶ ἀνοίξασα ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς κατέπιεν αὐτοὺς καὶ Κορε ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ τῆς συναγωγῆς αὐτοῦ ὅτε κατέφαγεν τὸ πῦρ τοὺς πεντήκοντα καὶ διακοσίους καὶ ἐγενήθησαν ἐν σημείῳ

And the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up and Korah, at the death of his company, when the fire devoured the two hundred and fifty; and they became a sign.

Narrative recollection of the judgment (ch. 16)καὶ ἀνοίξασα ἡ γῆ
The recollection narrates the twofold judgment of ch. 16: the earth opening its mouth (ἀνοίξασα … τὸ στόμα, a vivid personification) to swallow Dathan, Abiram and Korah, and the fire devouring the 250 censer-bearers. The closing clause ἐγενήθησαν ἐν σημείῳ ('they became a sign') interprets the event as an abiding warning (cf. 16:38; 1 Cor 10:6–11).
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίξασαhaving openedAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Fem · ἀνοίγωcircumstantial participle (attendant: 'opening', modifying ἡ γῆ)→ coincident aorist participle (action simultaneous with κατέπιεν)ἀνοίγω: 'open'; the participle ἀνοίξασα τὸ στόμα ('opening its mouth') personifies the earth as a devouring creature, rendering the Hebrew וַתִּפְתַּח הָאָרֶץ אֶת־פִּיהָ (16:32).
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthNominativesubject of κατέπιεν→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'earth / ground / land'; renders אֶרֶץ; here the agent of judgment, personified as opening a 'mouth.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with στόμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthAccusativedirect object of ἀνοίξασα→ object specificationστόμα: 'mouth / opening'; renders פֶּה; the earth's 'mouth' is the chasm that swallows the rebels — a striking image of the ground itself executing divine judgment.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with στόμα)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with στόμα).
κατέπιενswallowed upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταπίνωmain verb→ constative aorist (the act of judgment)καταπίνω: 'swallow down / gulp up'; the compound κατα- intensifies; renders בָּלַע; the earth 'drank them down' alive into Sheol (16:33).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (Dathan and Abiram)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (Dathan and Abiram).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚορεKorahaccusative object of κατέπιεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚορε: Korah, swallowed together with the Reubenite rebels; the LXX here groups him with those engulfed (cf. the textual complexity of ch. 16 over Korah's exact fate).
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (temporal/circumstantial)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal/circumstantial).
τῷtheDativearticle (with θανάτῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτῳdeathDativedative of time/circumstance ('at the death of his company')→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: 'death'; renders מָוֶת; ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ τῆς συναγωγῆς αὐτοῦ marks the moment when Korah's faction perished.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with συναγωγῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcompanyGenitivegenitive (defining θανάτῳ: 'death of his company')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'company / band'; Korah's faction of followers who died with him.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Korah's company)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Korah's company).
ὅτεwhentemporal conjunction (introducing the fire-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: 'when'; introduces the second, simultaneous judgment — the consuming fire.
κατέφαγενdevouredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κατεσθίωverb of the temporal clause→ constative aorist (the fire's consuming act)κατεσθίω: 'eat up / devour / consume'; the compound κατα- intensifies; renders אָכַל; here the fire from the LORD that consumed the 250 censer-bearers (16:35).
τὸtheNominativearticle (with πῦρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πῦρfireNominativesubject of κατέφαγεν→ participant prominenceπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the divine fire that came out from the LORD as the second instrument of judgment.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with the numeral)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (with διακοσίους: 'two hundred and fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; with διακοσίους = the 250 censer-bearing chiefs of 16:2, 35.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακοσίουςtwo hundredAccusativenumeral (direct object of κατέφαγεν)→ object specificationδιακόσιοι: 'two hundred'; with πεντήκοντα forms the 250 who perished by fire.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθησανthey becameAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (resultant clause)→ consummative aorist (became a lasting sign)γίνομαι (aor. pass.): 'become'; ἐγενήθησαν ἐν σημείῳ ('they became a sign') interprets the rebels' fate as a standing warning, the same theology Paul applies at 1 Cor 10:6, 11 (τύποι / τυπικῶς).
ἐνas / forpreposition + dative (predicative ἐν, Hebraism: 'became a sign')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: here the predicative/essentiae ἐν rendering Hebrew בְּ ('became as/for a sign'); a Semitism for 'they became a sign.'
σημείῳa signDativedative (predicate with ἐγενήθησαν: 'a sign / warning')→ sphere or referenceσημεῖον: 'sign / token / portent'; renders נֵס / אוֹת; the censers became a memorial sign (16:38), and the men themselves a warning-sign against rebellion.
11

οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Κορε οὐκ ἀπέθανον

But the sons of Korah did not die.

Theological qualification (mercy within judgment)οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Κορε
A brief but theologically weighty note: δέ marks the contrast — the sons of Korah did not die. This preservation of a guilty father's line (cf. the Korahite singers of the Psalm titles, e.g. Pss 42, 44–49, 84–88) signals that divine judgment did not extinguish the family; mercy persists within judgment, and the Korahites later serve in the temple.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; here strongly adversative, setting the survival of Korah's sons against the death of the rebels.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἀπέθανον→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Korah, who survived their father's rebellion (cf. 16:1; later the Korahite guild).
Κορεof Korahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚορε: Korah, whose sons are here distinguished from him in fate.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀπέθανον)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; with ἀπέθανον denies the death of Korah's sons.
ἀπέθανονdiedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (negated)→ constative aorist (the fact of their survival)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; the negated aorist οὐκ ἀπέθανον records the merciful exception — the line of Korah was not blotted out.
12

καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Συμεων ὁ δῆμος τῶν υἱῶν Συμεων τῷ Ναμουηλ δῆμος ὁ Ναμουηλι τῷ Ιαμιν δῆμος ὁ Ιαμινι τῷ Ιαχιν δῆμος ὁ Ιαχινι

And the sons of Simeon, the clan of the sons of Simeon: to Nemuel, the clan of the Nemuelite; to Jamin, the clan of the Jaminite; to Jachin, the clan of the Jachinite;

Second tribe of the roster (Simeon)καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Συμεων
The roster resumes after the Reubenite excursus, turning to the second tribe, Simeon. The clan-formula here uses the nominative article ὁ before the gentilic name (δῆμος ὁ Ναμουηλι), a stylistic variant of the genitive δῆμος τοῦ X of vv. 5–6.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Simeon, the second tribe enumerated.
Συμεωνof Simeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן; Jacob's second son and tribe.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with δῆμος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (in apposition: 'the clan of the sons of Simeon')→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan / family-division'; the collective clan-body of Simeon, subdivided below.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining δῆμος)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; τῶν υἱῶν Συμεων defines the clan as that of Simeon's descendants.
Συμεωνof Simeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: repeated, defining whose sons.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαμουηλNemueldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαμουηλ: Hebrew נְמוּאֵל (Nemuel), Simeon's firstborn (= Jemuel, Gen 46:10).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Nemuel.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαμουηλιNemuelitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαμουηλι: gentilic 'the Nemuelite' (Hebrew הַנְּמוּאֵלִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαμινJamindative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαμιν: Hebrew יָמִין (Jamin), Simeon's second son.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Jamin.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαμινιJaminitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαμινι: gentilic 'the Jaminite' (Hebrew הַיָּמִינִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαχινJachindative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαχιν: Hebrew יָכִין (Jachin), Simeon's son (= Jarib, 1 Chr 4:24).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Jachin.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαχινιJachinitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαχινι: gentilic 'the Jachinite' (Hebrew הַיָּכִינִי).
13

τῷ Ζαρα δῆμος ὁ Ζαραϊ τῷ Σαουλ δῆμος ὁ Σαουλι

to Zerah, the clan of the Zerahite; to Saul, the clan of the Saulite.

Continuation of the Simeonite clan-listτῷ Ζαρα
Two more Simeonite clans, Zerah and Saul, completing the five clans of Simeon. The mechanical formula τῷ X δῆμος ὁ X-i continues.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαραZerahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαρα: Hebrew זֶרַח (Zerah), a Simeonite clan-father (= Zohar, Gen 46:10).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Zerah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαραϊZerahitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαραϊ: gentilic 'the Zerahite' (Hebrew הַזַּרְחִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαουλSauldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαουλ: Hebrew שָׁאוּל (Shaul), Simeon's son by a Canaanite woman (Gen 46:10).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Saul.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαουλιSaulitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαουλι: gentilic 'the Saulite' (Hebrew הַשָּׁאוּלִי).
14

οὗτοι δῆμοι Συμεων ἐκ τῆς ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν δύο καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες καὶ διακόσιοι

These are the clans of Simeon, from their numbering: twenty-two thousand two hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Simeon)οὗτοι δῆμοι Συμεων
Simeon's total, with the closing formula now using ἐκ τῆς ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν ('from their numbering'). Simeon's 22,200 is the steepest decline of any tribe from ch. 1 (59,300 → 22,200), often linked to the Baal-Peor plague (ch. 25), where the slain Zimri was a Simeonite chief (25:14).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; gathering the Simeonite clans.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Simeon collectively.
Συμεωνof Simeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: the tribe being totaled.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / out of'; ἐκ τῆς ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν ('from their numbering') introduces the resultant total.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἐπισκέψεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the technical census-noun (cf. v. 7); here in the genitive with ἐκ.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δύοtwonumeral (with εἴκοσι: 'twenty-two')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with εἴκοσι χιλιάδες = 22,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable; δύο καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες = 22,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceδιακόσιοι: 'two hundred'; completing Simeon's total of 22,200.
15

υἱοὶ δὲ Ιουδα Ηρ καὶ Αυναν καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ηρ καὶ Αυναν ἐν γῇ Χανααν

And the sons of Judah: Er and Onan; but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan.

Third tribe (Judah), with a genealogical noteυἱοὶ δὲ Ιουδα
Judah's section opens by naming Er and Onan, but immediately notes their death in Canaan (Gen 38:7–10) — they left no clan and so are excluded from the census-count, a genealogical clarification before the surviving clans are listed (vv. 16–18). The note parallels the Reubenite excursus in registering death within a tribe's line.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Judah, the third tribe.
δὲand / nownarrative continuative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; advancing the roster to Judah.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; Jacob's fourth son, the royal tribe.
ΗρErnominative (son of Judah; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΗρ: Hebrew עֵר (Er), Judah's firstborn, slain by the LORD for wickedness (Gen 38:7).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑυνανOnannominative (son of Judah; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑυναν: Hebrew אוֹנָן (Onan), Judah's second son, likewise slain (Gen 38:9–10).
καὶbut / andnarrative conjunction (introducing the death-note)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (singular, agreeing with nearer subject)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; the singular verb precedes its compound subject (Er and Onan), agreeing with the nearer member; records their death without offspring, hence their absence from the clan-roster.
ΗρErnominative (subject; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΗρ: repeated as subject of ἀπέθανεν.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑυνανOnannominative (subject; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑυναν: repeated as subject of ἀπέθανεν.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land'; ἐν γῇ Χανααν ('in the land of Canaan'), the place of their death — before Israel's descent to Egypt.
ΧαναανCanaangenitive of apposition (indeclinable: 'land of Canaan')→ participant identificationΧανααν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּנַעַן; the promised land, here the place where Er and Onan died.
16

ἐγένοντο δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Σηλων δῆμος ὁ Σηλωνι τῷ Φαρες δῆμος ὁ Φαρες τῷ Ζαρα δῆμος ὁ Ζαραϊ

And the sons of Judah by their clans were: to Shelah, the clan of the Shelanite; to Perez, the clan of Perez; to Zerah, the clan of the Zerahite.

Surviving Judahite clansἐγένοντο δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα
After the death-note (v. 15) the surviving clans of Judah are listed — Shelah, Perez, Zerah — using the κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('by their clans') heading common to the remaining tribes. Perez and Zerah are the twin sons born to Judah by Tamar (Gen 38:29–30); Perez heads the royal Davidic-messianic line.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐγένοντοwere / becameAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb ('the sons of Judah were [by clans]')→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'be / become / turn out'; here introducing the enumeration of Judah's surviving clans.
δὲand / nownarrative continuative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: resuming the clan-list after the parenthetical death-note.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐγένοντο→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the surviving sons/clans of Judah.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: the tribe of Judah.
κατὰby / according topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by clans')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('by their clans') is the standard heading for each tribe's sub-list.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): 'clans'; the family-divisions by which the tribe is organized.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣηλωνShelahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣηλων: Hebrew שֵׁלָה (Shelah), Judah's third son (Gen 38:5).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shelah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣηλωνιShelanitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣηλωνι: gentilic 'the Shelanite' (Hebrew הַשֵּׁלָנִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦαρεςPerezdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαρες: Hebrew פֶּרֶץ (Perez), Judah's son by Tamar and ancestor of David and the Messiah (Ruth 4:18–22; Matt 1:3).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Perez.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦαρεςPereznominative (eponym of clan; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαρες: here in the clan-name slot (unchanged form), δῆμος ὁ Φαρες = 'clan of Perez.'
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαραZerahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαρα: Hebrew זֶרַח (Zerah), Perez's twin (Gen 38:30); a different Zerah from the Simeonite of v. 13.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Zerah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαραϊZerahitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαραϊ: gentilic 'the Zerahite' (Hebrew הַזַּרְחִי).
17

καὶ ἐγένοντο υἱοὶ Φαρες τῷ Ασρων δῆμος ὁ Ασρωνι τῷ Ιαμουν δῆμος ὁ Ιαμουνι

And the sons of Perez were: to Hezron, the clan of the Hezronite; to Hamul, the clan of the Hamulite.

Sub-genealogy of Perez (Judah)καὶ ἐγένοντο υἱοὶ Φαρες
Perez's two clans, Hezron and Hamul (Gen 46:12), are listed as a sub-genealogy — Hezron being the ancestor of the Davidic line (Ruth 4:18–19). The LXX form Ιαμουν reflects Hebrew חָמוּל (Hamul).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb ('the sons of Perez were')→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'be / become'; introduces Perez's sub-clans.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐγένοντο→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Perez.
Φαρεςof Perezgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαρες: Perez, whose two clans are now named.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσρωνHezrondative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσρων: Hebrew חֶצְרוֹן (Hezron), son of Perez and ancestor of David (Ruth 4:18); distinct from the Reubenite Hezron of v. 6.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Hezron.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσρωνιHezronitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσρωνι: gentilic 'the Hezronite' (Hebrew הַחֶצְרוֹנִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαμουνHamuldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαμουν: LXX form of Hebrew חָמוּל (Hamul), the second son of Perez (Gen 46:12).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Hamul.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαμουνιHamulitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαμουνι: gentilic 'the Hamulite' (Hebrew הֶחָמוּלִי).
18

οὗτοι δῆμοι τῷ Ιουδα κατὰ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτῶν ἓξ καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

These are the clans belonging to Judah, according to their numbering: seventy-six thousand five hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Judah)οὗτοι δῆμοι τῷ Ιουδα
Judah's total, 76,500 — the largest of all the tribes (up from 74,600 in ch. 1), confirming Judah's pre-eminence. The closing formula here varies to κατὰ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτῶν, using ἐπισκοπή ('visitation / mustering'), a near-synonym of ἐπίσκεψις.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; gathering Judah's clans.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Judah.
τῷbelonging toDativearticle (dative of possession/reference)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (dat. τῷ): 'belonging to Judah'; the dative of reference in the summary formula (a variation on the genitive).
ΙουδαJudahdative of reference (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: the tribe being totaled.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτῶν introduces the total.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπισκοπήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκοπὴνnumbering / visitationAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἐπισκοπή: 'visitation / oversight / mustering'; a near-synonym of ἐπίσκεψις, also from ἐπισκέπτομαι; here the census-reckoning of Judah.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἓξsixnumeral (with ἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy-six')→ clausal contributionἕξ: 'six'; with ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες = 76,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable; ἓξ καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες = 76,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completing Judah's total of 76,500, the largest tribe.
19

καὶ υἱοὶ Ισσαχαρ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Θωλα δῆμος ὁ Θωλαϊ τῷ Φουα δῆμος ὁ Φουαϊ

And the sons of Issachar by their clans: to Tola, the clan of the Tolaite; to Puah, the clan of the Puaite;

Fourth tribe (Issachar)καὶ υἱοὶ Ισσαχαρ
Issachar's clans begin with Tola and Puah (Gen 46:13). The formula κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν resumes the standard tribal heading.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Issachar, the fourth tribe.
Ισσαχαρof Issachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר; Jacob's ninth son.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Issachar.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘωλαToladative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΘωλα: Hebrew תּוֹלָע (Tola), Issachar's firstborn (Gen 46:13).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Tola.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘωλαϊTolaitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΘωλαϊ: gentilic 'the Tolaite' (Hebrew הַתּוֹלָעִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦουαPuahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦουα: Hebrew פֻּוָה (Puah/Puvah), Issachar's second son (Gen 46:13).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Puah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦουαϊPuaitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦουαϊ: gentilic 'the Puaite' (Hebrew הַפּוּנִי / הַפּוָּתִי).
20

τῷ Ιασουβ δῆμος ὁ Ιασουβι τῷ Σαμαραν δῆμος ὁ Σαμαρανι

to Jashub, the clan of the Jashubite; to Shimron, the clan of the Shimronite.

Continuation of the Issachar clan-listτῷ Ιασουβ
Two further Issachar clans, Jashub and Shimron (Gen 46:13), completing the four clans of Issachar.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙασουβJashubdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙασουβ: Hebrew יָשׁוּב (Jashub), Issachar's third son (Gen 46:13, where MT has Iob).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Jashub.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙασουβιJashubitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙασουβι: gentilic 'the Jashubite' (Hebrew הַיָּשׁוּבִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμαρανShimrondative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαμαραν: LXX form of Hebrew שִׁמְרוֹן (Shimron), Issachar's fourth son (Gen 46:13).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shimron.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμαρανιShimronitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαμαρανι: gentilic 'the Shimronite' (Hebrew הַשִּׁמְרֹנִי).
21

οὗτοι δῆμοι Ισσαχαρ ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν τέσσαρες καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τριακόσιοι

These are the clans of Issachar, from their numbering: sixty-four thousand three hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Issachar)οὗτοι δῆμοι Ισσαχαρ
Issachar's total, 64,300 (up from 54,400 in ch. 1), one of the larger increases. The summary uses ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν (anarthrous).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Issachar.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Issachar.
Ισσαχαρof Issachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (before vowel ἐξ): 'from / out of'; ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun (cf. v. 7).
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with ἑξήκοντα: 'sixty-four')→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; with ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 64,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable; τέσσαρες καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 64,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριακόσιοιthree hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; completing Issachar's total of 64,300.
22

υἱοὶ Ζαβουλων κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Σαρεδ δῆμος ὁ Σαρεδι τῷ Αλλων δῆμος ὁ Αλλωνι τῷ Αλληλ δῆμος ὁ Αλληλι

The sons of Zebulun by their clans: to Sered, the clan of the Seredite; to Elon, the clan of the Elonite; to Jahleel, the clan of the Jahleelite.

Fifth tribe (Zebulun)υἱοὶ Ζαβουλων
Zebulun's three clans — Sered, Elon, Jahleel (Gen 46:14) — listed in the standard formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Zebulun, the fifth tribe.
Ζαβουλωνof Zebulungenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן; Jacob's tenth son.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Zebulun.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαρεδSereddative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαρεδ: Hebrew סֶרֶד (Sered), Zebulun's firstborn (Gen 46:14).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Sered.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαρεδιSereditenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαρεδι: gentilic 'the Seredite' (Hebrew הַסַּרְדִּי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑλλωνElondative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑλλων: LXX form of Hebrew אֵלוֹן (Elon), Zebulun's second son (Gen 46:14).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Elon.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑλλωνιElonitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑλλωνι: gentilic 'the Elonite' (Hebrew הָאֵלֹנִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑλληλJahleeldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑλληλ: LXX form of Hebrew יַחְלְאֵל (Jahleel), Zebulun's third son (Gen 46:14).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Jahleel.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑλληλιJahleelitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑλληλι: gentilic 'the Jahleelite' (Hebrew הַיַּחְלְאֵלִי).
23

οὗτοι δῆμοι Ζαβουλων ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

These are the clans of Zebulun, from their numbering: sixty thousand five hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Zebulun)οὗτοι δῆμοι Ζαβουλων
Zebulun's total, 60,500 (up from 57,400 in ch. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Zebulun.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Zebulun.
Ζαβουλωνof Zebulungenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἑξήκονταsixtynumeral (indeclinable, with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 60,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completing Zebulun's total of 60,500.
24

υἱοὶ Γαδ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Σαφων δῆμος ὁ Σαφωνι τῷ Αγγι δῆμος ὁ Αγγι τῷ Σουνι δῆμος ὁ Σουνι

The sons of Gad by their clans: to Zephon, the clan of the Zephonite; to Haggi, the clan of the Haggite; to Shuni, the clan of the Shunite;

Sixth tribe (Gad)υἱοὶ Γαδ
Gad's clans begin: Zephon, Haggi, Shuni (Gen 46:16). In the LXX order Gad follows Zebulun (the order varies from the MT camp-arrangement); his clans here total seven.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Gad, the sixth tribe in this roster.
Γαδof Gadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד; Jacob's seventh son, by Zilpah.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Gad.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαφωνZephondative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαφων: LXX form of Hebrew צְפוֹן (Zephon), Gad's firstborn (Gen 46:16, MT Ziphion).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Zephon.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαφωνιZephonitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαφωνι: gentilic 'the Zephonite' (Hebrew הַצְּפוֹנִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑγγιHaggidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑγγι: Hebrew חַגִּי (Haggi), Gad's second son (Gen 46:16).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Haggi.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑγγιHagginominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑγγι: in the clan-name slot, δῆμος ὁ Αγγι = 'clan of Haggi' (Hebrew הַחַגִּי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουνιShunidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουνι: Hebrew שׁוּנִי (Shuni), Gad's third son (Gen 46:16).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shuni.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουνιShuninominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουνι: δῆμος ὁ Σουνι = 'clan of Shuni' (Hebrew הַשּׁוּנִי).
25

τῷ Αζενι δῆμος ὁ Αζενι τῷ Αδδι δῆμος ὁ Αδδι

to Ozni, the clan of the Oznite; to Eri, the clan of the Erite;

Continuation of the Gadite clan-listτῷ Αζενι
Two further Gadite clans, Ozni and Eri (Gen 46:16, Ezbon/Ozni and Eri).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑζενιOznidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑζενι: LXX form of Hebrew אָזְנִי (Ozni), Gad's son (= Ezbon, Gen 46:16).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Ozni.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑζενιOznitenominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑζενι: δῆμος ὁ Αζενι = 'clan of the Oznite' (Hebrew הָאָזְנִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑδδιEridative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑδδι: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew עֵרִי (Eri), Gad's son (Gen 46:16).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Eri.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑδδιEritenominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑδδι: δῆμος ὁ Αδδι = 'clan of the Erite' (Hebrew הָעֵרִי).
26

τῷ Αροαδι δῆμος ὁ Αροαδι τῷ Αριηλ δῆμος ὁ Αριηλι

to Arod, the clan of the Arodite; to Areli, the clan of the Arelite.

Continuation of the Gadite clan-listτῷ Αροαδι
The last two Gadite clans, Arod and Areli (Gen 46:16), completing Gad's seven clans.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑροαδιAroddative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑροαδι: LXX form of Hebrew אֲרוֹד (Arod/Arodi), Gad's son (Gen 46:16).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Arod.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑροαδιAroditenominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑροαδι: δῆμος ὁ Αροαδι = 'clan of the Arodite' (Hebrew הָאֲרוֹדִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑριηλArelidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑριηλ: LXX form of Hebrew אַרְאֵלִי (Areli), Gad's last son (Gen 46:16).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Areli.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑριηλιArelitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑριηλι: gentilic 'the Arelite' (Hebrew הָאַרְאֵלִי).
27

οὗτοι δῆμοι υἱῶν Γαδ ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

These are the clans of the sons of Gad, from their numbering: forty thousand five hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Gad)οὗτοι δῆμοι υἱῶν Γαδ
Gad's total, 40,500 (down from 45,650 in ch. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Gad.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Gad.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Γαδ)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Γαδ = 'of the sons of Gad'.
Γαδof Gadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαδ: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable, with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 40,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completing Gad's total of 40,500.
28

υἱοὶ Ασηρ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Ιαμιν δῆμος ὁ Ιαμινι τῷ Ιεσου δῆμος ὁ Ιεσουι τῷ Βαρια δῆμος ὁ Βαριαϊ

The sons of Asher by their clans: to Imnah, the clan of the Imnahite; to Ishvi, the clan of the Ishvite; to Beriah, the clan of the Beriite;

Seventh tribe (Asher)υἱοὶ Ασηρ
Asher's clans begin: Imnah, Ishvi, Beriah (Gen 46:17). The name Ιαμιν here renders Asher's son Imnah (Hebrew יִמְנָה), distinct from the Simeonite Jamin of v. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Asher, the seventh tribe.
Ασηρof Ashergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר; Jacob's eighth son, by Zilpah.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Asher.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαμινImnahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαμιν: LXX form of Hebrew יִמְנָה (Imnah), Asher's firstborn (Gen 46:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Imnah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαμινιImnahitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαμινι: gentilic 'the Imnahite' (Hebrew הַיִּמְנָה).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεσουIshvidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεσου: LXX form of Hebrew יִשְׁוִי (Ishvi), Asher's son (Gen 46:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Ishvi.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεσουιIshvitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεσουι: gentilic 'the Ishvite' (Hebrew הַיִּשְׁוִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαριαBeriahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαρια: LXX form of Hebrew בְּרִיעָה (Beriah), Asher's son (Gen 46:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Beriah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαριαϊBeriitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαριαϊ: gentilic 'the Beriite' (Hebrew הַבְּרִיעִי).
29

τῷ Χοβερ δῆμος ὁ Χοβερι τῷ Μελχιηλ δῆμος ὁ Μελχιηλι

to Heber, the clan of the Heberite; to Malchiel, the clan of the Malchielite.

Sub-clans of Beriah (Asher)τῷ Χοβερ
Beriah's two sub-clans, Heber and Malchiel (Gen 46:17), tracing one further generation, as with the Judahite Perez (v. 17).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧοβερHeberdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧοβερ: LXX form of Hebrew חֶבֶר (Heber), son of Beriah (Gen 46:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Heber.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧοβεριHeberitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧοβερι: gentilic 'the Heberite' (Hebrew הַחֶבְרִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜελχιηλMalchieldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜελχιηλ: Hebrew מַלְכִּיאֵל ('my king is God'), son of Beriah (Gen 46:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Malchiel.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜελχιηλιMalchielitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜελχιηλι: gentilic 'the Malchielite' (Hebrew הַמַּלְכִּיאֵלִי).
30

καὶ τὸ ὄνομα θυγατρὸς Ασηρ Σαρα

And the name of Asher's daughter was Serah.

Genealogical note (a named daughter)καὶ τὸ ὄνομα θυγατρὸς Ασηρ
A rare note of a daughter within the male-oriented census: Serah, daughter of Asher (Gen 46:17; 1 Chr 7:30). Her inclusion (with no count attached) is a genealogical curiosity, prefiguring the more consequential note on Zelophehad's daughters (v. 33).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject ('the name ... was Serah')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the formula τὸ ὄνομα ... is the standard way of introducing a named person; here the daughter of Asher.
θυγατρὸςof the daughterGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ὄνομα)→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; renders בַּת; θυγατρὸς Ασηρ = 'Asher's daughter', the one named below.
Ασηρof Ashergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: the father; here genitive 'of Asher'.
ΣαραSerahnominative (predicate name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαρα: LXX form of Hebrew שֶׂרַח (Serah), Asher's daughter; not to be confused with Sarah (Σαρρα) the matriarch.
31

οὗτοι δῆμοι Ασηρ ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

These are the clans of Asher, from their numbering: fifty-three thousand four hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Asher)οὗτοι δῆμοι Ασηρ
Asher's total, 53,400 (up substantially from 41,500 in ch. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Asher.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Asher.
Ασηρof Ashergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (with πεντήκοντα: 'fifty-three')→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; with πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 53,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 53,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completing Asher's total of 53,400.
32

υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν Μανασση καὶ Εφραιμ

The sons of Joseph by their clans: Manasseh and Ephraim.

Eighth tribal block (Joseph, in two tribes)υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ
Joseph is numbered, as elsewhere, through his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim (the adoption of Gen 48), each forming a full tribe. This verse heads the double Josephite section (vv. 33–41), giving Israel its twelve fighting tribes even with Levi set apart.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the block)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Joseph.
Ιωσηφof Josephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹסֵף; Jacob's eleventh son, whose tribal portion is doubled through his two sons.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Joseph (via Manasseh and Ephraim).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ΜανασσηManassehnominative (first Josephite tribe; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה; Joseph's firstborn, head of the half-tribe(s) of Manasseh.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimnominative (second Josephite tribe; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; Joseph's second son, blessed above Manasseh (Gen 48:19).
33

υἱοὶ Μανασση τῷ Μαχιρ δῆμος ὁ Μαχιρι καὶ Μαχιρ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Γαλααδ τῷ Γαλααδ δῆμος ὁ Γαλααδι

The sons of Manasseh: to Machir, the clan of the Machirite; and Machir begot Gilead; to Gilead, the clan of the Gileadite.

Manasseh's clans, with embedded genealogy (Machir → Gilead)υἱοὶ Μανασση
Manasseh's line is traced through Machir (the dominant Manassite clan) to his son Gilead — the eponym of the Transjordanian region. The clan-formula is interrupted by the genealogical verb ἐγέννησεν ('begot'), which threads the line down toward Zelophehad in vv. 36–37.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading Manasseh's clans)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Manasseh.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασση: the first Josephite tribe, now subdivided.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαχιρMachirdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜαχιρ: Hebrew מָכִיר (Machir), Manasseh's son and the leading Manassite clan (Gen 50:23; Num 32:39–40).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Machir.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαχιριMachiritenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜαχιρι: gentilic 'the Machirite' (Hebrew הַמָּכִירִי).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the genealogical note)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜαχιρMachirnominative (subject of ἐγέννησεν; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜαχιρ: here as subject, the father of Gilead.
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical)→ constative aorist (act of begetting)γεννάω: 'beget / father'; renders יָלַד (Hiphil); the genealogical verb threading the Manassite line down to Gilead (and onward to Zelophehad), the same verb that structures biblical genealogies (cf. Matt 1).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Γαλααδ, object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadaccusative object of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: Hebrew גִּלְעָד (Gilead), son of Machir and eponym of the Gilead region east of the Jordan.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδGileaddative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: now as clan-head, 'to Gilead [there belongs] the clan...'
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Gilead.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλααδιGileaditenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαλααδι: gentilic 'the Gileadite' (Hebrew הַגִּלְעָדִי).
34

καὶ οὗτοι υἱοὶ Γαλααδ τῷ Αχιεζερ δῆμος ὁ Αχιεζερι τῷ Χελεγ δῆμος ὁ Χελεγι

And these are the sons of Gilead: to Iezer, the clan of the Iezerite; to Helek, the clan of the Helekite;

Sub-clans of Gilead (Manasseh)καὶ οὗτοι υἱοὶ Γαλααδ
The Gileadite clans are enumerated (vv. 34–36): Iezer (LXX Αχιεζερ), Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Shemida, Hepher — the six sons of Gilead (Josh 17:2), the last of whom (Hepher) is the grandfather of Zelophehad's daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (heading the sub-list)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; introducing the sons of Gilead.
υἱοὶsonsNominativepredicate nominative ('these [are] the sons')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons/clans of Gilead.
Γαλααδof Gileadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: whose sons are now named.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑχιεζερIezerdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχιεζερ: LXX form corresponding to Hebrew אִיעֶזֶר (Iezer/Abiezer), son of Gilead (Josh 17:2).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Iezer.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑχιεζεριIezeritenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχιεζερι: gentilic 'the Iezerite' (Hebrew הָאִיעֶזְרִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧελεγHelekdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧελεγ: Hebrew חֵלֶק (Helek), son of Gilead (Josh 17:2).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Helek.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧελεγιHelekitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧελεγι: gentilic 'the Helekite' (Hebrew הַחֶלְקִי).
35

τῷ Εσριηλ δῆμος ὁ Εσριηλι τῷ Συχεμ δῆμος ὁ Συχεμι

to Asriel, the clan of the Asrielite; to Shechem, the clan of the Shechemite;

Continuation of the Gileadite clan-listτῷ Εσριηλ
Two more Gileadite clans, Asriel and Shechem (Josh 17:2). Shechem here is a Manassite clan, not the city or the Hivite prince of Gen 34.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕσριηλAsrieldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕσριηλ: Hebrew אַשְׂרִיאֵל (Asriel), son of Gilead (Josh 17:2).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Asriel.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕσριηλιAsrielitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕσριηλι: gentilic 'the Asrielite' (Hebrew הָאַשְׂרִאֵלִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυχεμShechemdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυχεμ: Hebrew שֶׁכֶם (Shechem), a Manassite clan-head (Josh 17:2); not the city Shechem nor the Hivite of Gen 34.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shechem.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυχεμιShechemitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυχεμι: gentilic 'the Shechemite' (Hebrew הַשִּׁכְמִי).
36

τῷ Συμαερ δῆμος ὁ Συμαερι καὶ τῷ Οφερ δῆμος ὁ Οφερι

to Shemida, the clan of the Shemidaite; and to Hepher, the clan of the Hepherite.

Last two Gileadite clans (Manasseh)τῷ Συμαερ
The final Gileadite clans, Shemida and Hepher (Josh 17:2). Hepher is singled out because his son Zelophehad (v. 37) had only daughters — the genealogical hinge for the inheritance question of chs. 27 and 36.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυμαερShemidadative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμαερ: LXX form of Hebrew שְׁמִידָע (Shemida), son of Gilead (Josh 17:2; 1 Chr 7:19).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shemida.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυμαεριShemidaitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμαερι: gentilic 'the Shemidaite' (Hebrew הַשְּׁמִידָעִי).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟφερHepherdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΟφερ: LXX form of Hebrew חֵפֶר (Hepher), son of Gilead and father of Zelophehad (27:1).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Hepher.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟφεριHepheritenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΟφερι: gentilic 'the Hepherite' (Hebrew הַחֶפְרִי).
37

καὶ τῷ Σαλπααδ υἱῷ Οφερ οὐκ ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ υἱοί ἀλλ᾿ ἢ θυγατέρες καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν θυγατέρων Σαλπααδ Μαλα καὶ Νουα καὶ Εγλα καὶ Μελχα καὶ Θερσα

And to Zelophehad the son of Hepher there were no sons, but only daughters; and these are the names of the daughters of Zelophehad: Mahlah, and Noah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Tirzah.

Genealogical crux: the daughters of Zelophehad (sets up ch. 27)καὶ τῷ Σαλπααδ υἱῷ Οφερ
The pivotal note: Zelophehad had no sons but only daughters, named here (Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, Tirzah). This becomes the legal occasion for the daughters' petition in ch. 27 and the resulting statute on female inheritance, refined in ch. 36 — a landmark in pentateuchal inheritance law. Their appearance in the census underlines that the count is also a survey of landholding-units for the apportionment of vv. 52–56.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative: 'to Zelophehad')→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλπααδZelophehaddative of possession (indeclinable: 'to/for Zelophehad')→ participant identificationΣαλπααδ: LXX form of Hebrew צְלָפְחָד (Zelophehad), son of Hepher; the man whose lack of sons triggers the inheritance ruling (27:1–11; 36).
υἱῷsonDativedative in apposition to Σαλπααδ→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; υἱῷ Οφερ ('son of Hepher') places Zelophehad in the Hepherite clan.
Οφερof Hephergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΟφερ: Hepher, Zelophehad's father (v. 36).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐγένοντο)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; denies the existence of sons.
ἐγένοντοthere wereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential: 'there were [no sons] to him')→ constative aorist (the genealogical fact)γίνομαι: 'come to be / exist'; with the dative αὐτῷ the existential idiom 'there were to him [no sons]' renders Hebrew לֹא־הָיוּ לוֹ; the absence of male heirs is the legal premise of the daughters' claim.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession (with ἐγένοντο)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession (with ἐγένοντο).
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject of ἐγένοντο (negated)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the (non-existent) male heirs whose absence is the point.
ἀλλ᾿butadversative conjunction (elided)→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but'; with ἤ forms the strong exceptive 'but only', setting daughters against the missing sons.
ἢthan / onlyparticle (with ἀλλά: exceptive 'but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'than / or'; in the idiom ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ('except / but only') it marks the exclusive exception — only daughters survived.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersNominativesubject (the exception: 'but only daughters')→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; renders בָּנוֹת; the daughters whose inheritance-right becomes the matter of ch. 27.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative subject ('these [are] the names')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; introducing the list of the daughters' names.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα ('these are the names') the standard list-introducing formula.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with θυγατέρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέρωνdaughtersGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ὀνόματα)→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ (gen. pl.): 'daughters'; whose names follow.
Σαλπααδof Zelophehadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλπααδ: the father of the five named daughters.
ΜαλαMahlahnominative (first daughter; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜαλα: LXX form of Hebrew מַחְלָה (Mahlah), eldest of Zelophehad's daughters (27:1; 36:11).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝουαNoahnominative (second daughter; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝουα: LXX form of Hebrew נֹעָה (Noah), second daughter; a feminine name unrelated to the patriarch Noah (Νωε).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕγλαHoglahnominative (third daughter; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕγλα: LXX form of Hebrew חָגְלָה (Hoglah), third daughter (36:11).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜελχαMilcahnominative (fourth daughter; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜελχα: LXX form of Hebrew מִלְכָּה (Milcah), fourth daughter (36:11).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΘερσαTirzahnominative (fifth daughter; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΘερσα: LXX form of Hebrew תִּרְצָה (Tirzah), youngest daughter (36:11); also the name of a later Israelite capital.
38

οὗτοι δῆμοι Μανασση ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν δύο καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι

These are the clans of Manasseh, from their numbering: fifty-two thousand seven hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Manasseh)οὗτοι δῆμοι Μανασση
Manasseh's total, 52,700 — a dramatic increase from 32,200 in ch. 1, the largest proportional growth of any tribe.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Manasseh.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Manasseh.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασση: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δύοtwonumeral (with πεντήκοντα: 'fifty-two')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 52,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; δύο καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 52,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; completing Manasseh's total of 52,700.
39

καὶ οὗτοι υἱοὶ Εφραιμ τῷ Σουταλα δῆμος ὁ Σουταλαϊ τῷ Ταναχ δῆμος ὁ Ταναχι

And these are the sons of Ephraim: to Shuthelah, the clan of the Shuthelahite; to Tahan, the clan of the Tahanite.

Second Josephite tribe (Ephraim)καὶ οὗτοι υἱοὶ Εφραιμ
Ephraim's clans begin: Shuthelah and Tahan (cf. 1 Chr 7:20). The roster of the two Josephite tribes thus mirrors each other in form.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; introducing the sons of Ephraim.
υἱοὶsonsNominativepredicate nominative ('these [are] the sons')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons/clans of Ephraim.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: the second Josephite tribe, now subdivided.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουταλαShuthelahdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουταλα: LXX form of Hebrew שׁוּתֶלַח (Shuthelah), Ephraim's son (1 Chr 7:20).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shuthelah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουταλαϊShuthelahitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουταλαϊ: gentilic 'the Shuthelahite' (Hebrew הַשֻּׁתַלְחִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤαναχTahandative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΤαναχ: LXX form of Hebrew תַּחַן (Tahan), Ephraimite clan-head (1 Chr 7:25).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Tahan.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤαναχιTahanitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΤαναχι: gentilic 'the Tahanite' (Hebrew הַתַּחֲנִי).
40

οὗτοι υἱοὶ Σουταλα τῷ Εδεν δῆμος ὁ Εδενι

These are the sons of Shuthelah: to Eran, the clan of the Eranite.

Sub-clan of Shuthelah (Ephraim)οὗτοι υἱοὶ Σουταλα
A further generation: Eran (LXX Εδεν), son of Shuthelah, forming his own Ephraimite clan — paralleling the Manassite genealogical depth (Machir → Gilead).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject ('these [are] the sons')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; introducing the sons of Shuthelah.
υἱοὶsonsNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons/clan of Shuthelah.
Σουταλαof Shuthelahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουταλα: Shuthelah, whose son's clan is named.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕδενErandative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕδεν: LXX form of Hebrew עֵרָן (Eran), son of Shuthelah.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Eran.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕδενιEranitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕδενι: gentilic 'the Eranite' (Hebrew הָעֵרָנִי).
41

οὗτοι δῆμοι Εφραιμ ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι οὗτοι δῆμοι υἱῶν Ιωσηφ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν

These are the clans of Ephraim, from their numbering: thirty-two thousand five hundred. These are the clans of the sons of Joseph by their clans.

Tribal subtotal (Ephraim) + Josephite summaryοὗτοι δῆμοι Εφραιμ
Ephraim's total, 32,500 (a decline from 40,500 in ch. 1 — Ephraim and Manasseh have inverted in size, fulfilling Jacob's reversal at Gen 48:19 only partially). A second summary line closes the whole Josephite block (οὗτοι δῆμοι υἱῶν Ιωσηφ).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Ephraim.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Ephraim.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δύοtwonumeral (with τριάκοντα: 'thirty-two')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 32,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 32,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completing Ephraim's total of 32,500.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (second, Josephite summary)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; gathering both Josephite tribes.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Joseph (Manasseh + Ephraim).
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Ιωσηφ)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Ιωσηφ = 'of the sons of Joseph'.
Ιωσηφof Josephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: the Josephite block summed in both its tribes.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans', closing the Josephite section.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Joseph.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
42

υἱοὶ Βενιαμιν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Βαλε δῆμος ὁ Βαλεϊ τῷ Ασυβηρ δῆμος ὁ Ασυβηρι τῷ Ιαχιραν δῆμος ὁ Ιαχιρανι

The sons of Benjamin by their clans: to Bela, the clan of the Belaite; to Ashbel, the clan of the Ashbelite; to Ahiram, the clan of the Ahiramite;

Tenth tribe (Benjamin)υἱοὶ Βενιαμιν
Benjamin's clans begin: Bela, Ashbel, Ahiram (Gen 46:21). The standard formula resumes after the Josephite summary.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Benjamin.
Βενιαμινof Benjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין; Jacob's youngest son.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Benjamin.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαλεBeladative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαλε: Hebrew בֶּלַע (Bela), Benjamin's firstborn (Gen 46:21).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Bela.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαλεϊBelaitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαλεϊ: gentilic 'the Belaite' (Hebrew הַבַּלְעִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσυβηρAshbeldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσυβηρ: LXX form of Hebrew אַשְׁבֵּל (Ashbel), Benjamin's second son (Gen 46:21).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Ashbel.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσυβηριAshbelitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσυβηρι: gentilic 'the Ashbelite' (Hebrew הָאַשְׁבֵּלִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαχιρανAhiramdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαχιραν: LXX form of Hebrew אֲחִירָם (Ahiram), Benjamin's son (Gen 46:21, Ehi/Aharah).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Ahiram.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙαχιρανιAhiramitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙαχιρανι: gentilic 'the Ahiramite' (Hebrew הָאֲחִירָמִי).
43

τῷ Σωφαν δῆμος ὁ Σωφανι

to Shupham, the clan of the Shuphamite;

Continuation of the Benjaminite clan-listτῷ Σωφαν
A further Benjaminite clan, Shupham (Hebrew שׁוּפָם, Num 26:39 MT). The terse single-clan verse keeps the roster moving toward the Bela sub-genealogy of v. 44.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣωφανShuphamdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣωφαν: LXX form of Hebrew שׁוּפָם (Shupham/Shephupham), a Benjaminite clan-head (Gen 46:21, Muppim).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shupham.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣωφανιShuphamitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣωφανι: gentilic 'the Shuphamite' (Hebrew הַשּׁוּפָמִי).
44

καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ υἱοὶ Βαλε Αδαρ καὶ Νοεμαν τῷ Αδαρ δῆμος ὁ Αδαρι τῷ Νοεμαν δῆμος ὁ Νοεμανι

And the sons of Bela were Ard and Naaman: to Ard, the clan of the Ardite; to Naaman, the clan of the Naamanite.

Sub-clans of Bela (Benjamin)καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ υἱοὶ Βαλε
Bela's two sons, Ard and Naaman (Gen 46:21; Num 26:40 MT), traced as sub-clans — the Benjaminite analogue to the deeper genealogies of Manasseh and Ephraim.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοwereAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb ('the sons of Bela were')→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'be / become'; introduces Bela's sub-clans.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐγένοντο→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Bela.
Βαλεof Belagenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαλε: Bela, whose two sons are named.
ΑδαρArdnominative (first son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑδαρ: LXX form of Hebrew אַרְדְּ (Ard), son of Bela (Gen 46:21).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝοεμανNaamannominative (second son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝοεμαν: LXX form of Hebrew נַעֲמָן (Naaman), son of Bela (Gen 46:21).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑδαρArddative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑδαρ: Ard, now as clan-head.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Ard.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑδαριArditenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑδαρι: gentilic 'the Ardite' (Hebrew הָאַרְדִּי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝοεμανNaamandative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝοεμαν: Naaman, now as clan-head.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Naaman.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝοεμανιNaamanitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝοεμανι: gentilic 'the Naamanite' (Hebrew הַנַּעֲמִי).
45

οὗτοι υἱοὶ Βενιαμιν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι

These are the sons of Benjamin by their clans, from their numbering: forty-five thousand six hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Benjamin)οὗτοι υἱοὶ Βενιαμιν
Benjamin's total, 45,600 (up from 35,400 in ch. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Benjamin.
υἱοὶsonsNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons/clans of Benjamin.
Βενιαμινof Benjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: the tribe being totaled.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Benjamin.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πέντεfivenumeral (with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-five')→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; with τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 45,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 45,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativenumeral→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; completing Benjamin's total of 45,600.
46

καὶ υἱοὶ Δαν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Σαμι δῆμος ὁ Σαμι οὗτοι δῆμοι Δαν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν

And the sons of Dan by their clans: to Shuham, the clan of the Shuhamite. These are the clans of Dan by their clans.

Eleventh tribe (Dan) — a single clanκαὶ υἱοὶ Δαν
Dan is unusual: it has but one clan, Shuham (Hushim, Gen 46:23) — yet from this single clan springs the second-largest tribe (v. 47). The verse both lists and summarizes Dan's one δῆμος.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Dan.
Δανof Dangenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן; Jacob's fifth son, by Bilhah.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Dan (here just one).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμιShuhamdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαμι: LXX form of Hebrew שׁוּחָם (Shuham; = Hushim, Gen 46:23), Dan's only son and clan.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shuham.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμιShuhamitenominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαμι: δῆμος ὁ Σαμι = 'clan of the Shuhamite' (Hebrew הַשּׁוּחָמִי).
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (mini-summary)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; summarizing Dan's clan(s).
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): 'the clans of Dan' (formulaically plural though materially one).
Δανof Dangenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαν: the tribe summarized.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Dan.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
47

πάντες οἱ δῆμοι Σαμι κατ᾿ ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτῶν τέσσαρες καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

All the clans of Shuham, according to their numbering: sixty-four thousand four hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Dan)πάντες οἱ δῆμοι Σαμι
Dan's total, 64,400 — the second-largest tribe (after Judah), despite descending from a single clan; up from 62,700 in ch. 1. The summary again uses ἐπισκοπή.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying δῆμοι)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; πάντες οἱ δῆμοι Σαμι ('all the clans of Shuham') — the comprehensive sum of the single Danite clan.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with δῆμοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῆμοιclansNominativesubject (the clans summed)→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans descended from Shuham.
Σαμιof Shuhamgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαμι: Shuham, the sole clan-father of Dan.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατ᾿ ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτῶν introduces the total.
ἐπισκοπὴνnumberingAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἐπισκοπή: 'visitation / mustering'; a near-synonym of ἐπίσκεψις (cf. v. 18).
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativenumeral (with ἑξήκοντα: 'sixty-four')→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; with ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 64,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; τέσσαρες καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 64,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completing Dan's total of 64,400.
48

υἱοὶ Νεφθαλι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Ασιηλ δῆμος ὁ Ασιηλι τῷ Γαυνι δῆμος ὁ Γαυνι

The sons of Naphtali by their clans: to Jahzeel, the clan of the Jahzeelite; to Guni, the clan of the Gunite;

Twelfth tribe (Naphtali)υἱοὶ Νεφθαλι
Naphtali's clans begin: Jahzeel (LXX Ασιηλ) and Guni (Gen 46:24), the last tribe of the secular roster.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Naphtali.
Νεφθαλιof Naphtaligenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי; Jacob's sixth son, by Bilhah.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Naphtali.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσιηλJahzeeldative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσιηλ: LXX form of Hebrew יַחְצְאֵל (Jahzeel), Naphtali's firstborn (Gen 46:24).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Jahzeel.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσιηλιJahzeelitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσιηλι: gentilic 'the Jahzeelite' (Hebrew הַיַּחְצְאֵלִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαυνιGunidative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαυνι: Hebrew גּוּנִי (Guni), Naphtali's second son (Gen 46:24).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Guni.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαυνιGunitenominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαυνι: δῆμος ὁ Γαυνι = 'clan of the Gunite' (Hebrew הַגּוּנִי).
49

τῷ Ιεσερ δῆμος ὁ Ιεσερι τῷ Σελλημ δῆμος ὁ Σελλημι

to Jezer, the clan of the Jezerite; to Shillem, the clan of the Shillemite.

Continuation of the Naphtalite clan-listτῷ Ιεσερ
The last two Naphtalite clans, Jezer and Shillem (Gen 46:24), completing the four clans of Naphtali and the twelve-tribe roster.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεσερJezerdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεσερ: Hebrew יֵצֶר (Jezer), Naphtali's son (Gen 46:24).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Jezer.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεσεριJezeritenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεσερι: gentilic 'the Jezerite' (Hebrew הַיִּצְרִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣελλημShillemdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣελλημ: Hebrew שִׁלֵּם (Shillem), Naphtali's fourth son (Gen 46:24).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Shillem.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣελλημιShillemitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣελλημι: gentilic 'the Shillemite' (Hebrew הַשִּׁלֵּמִי).
50

οὗτοι δῆμοι Νεφθαλι ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

These are the clans of Naphtali, from their numbering: forty-five thousand four hundred.

Tribal subtotal (Naphtali)οὗτοι δῆμοι Νεφθαλι
Naphtali's total, 45,400 (down from 53,400 in ch. 1), closing the twelve-tribe roster before the grand total.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject (closing formula)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; the clans of Naphtali.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of Naphtali.
Νεφθαλιof Naphtaligenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: the tribe being totaled.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πέντεfivenumeral (with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-five')→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; with τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 45,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 45,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completing Naphtali's total of 45,400.
51

αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ χίλιοι καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι καὶ τριάκοντα

This is the numbering of the sons of Israel: six hundred and one thousand seven hundred and thirty.

Grand total of the whole censusαὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις υἱῶν Ισραηλ
The grand total of the second census: 601,730 — slightly below the 603,550 of ch. 1 (1:46), reflecting both growth and the attrition of the wilderness years. The summary αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις closes the roster and prepares for the apportionment-principle of vv. 52–56.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (grand-total formula)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; the climactic demonstrative gathering the entire numbering.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativepredicate nominative ('this is the numbering')→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering / census-total'; the chapter's key term, here naming the whole grand total.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Ισραηλ)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Ισραηλ = 'of the sons of Israel', the whole people.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the nation, whose grand total is now given.
ἑξακόσιαιsix hundredNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 'six hundred thousand')→ participant prominenceἑξακόσιαι: 'six hundred'; the feminine form agreeing with χιλιάδες; ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 600,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'; with ἑξακόσιαι = 600,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίλιοιa thousandNominativenumeral→ measure or countχίλιοι: 'one thousand'; added to the 600,000 to give 601,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativenumeral→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; part of the grand total 601,730.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; completing the grand total of 601,730 fighting men of the new generation.
52

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:

New divine speech (the allotment instruction)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The standard speech-formula introduces a fresh divine word, shifting from the census-data to its purpose: the apportionment of the land. The numbering was never an end in itself but the basis for the inheritance now legislated (vv. 53–56).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (divine speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν introduces a new divine commission.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the speaker of the allotment-law.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the recipient of the divine instruction on apportioning the land.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing, Hebraism)→ redundant participle (rendering Hebrew לֵאמֹר)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): stereotyped λέγων rendering לֵאמֹר, introducing the direct speech of vv. 53–56.
53

τούτοις μερισθήσεται ἡ γῆ κληρονομεῖν ἐξ ἀριθμοῦ ὀνομάτων

To these the land shall be divided, to inherit according to the number of names.

Principle of allotment, part 1 (by number of names)τούτοις μερισθήσεται ἡ γῆ
The basic rule: the land is to be apportioned τούτοις ('to these', i.e. those just numbered) ἐξ ἀριθμοῦ ὀνομάτων ('by the number of names'). The census-count is thus the direct determinant of each group's share — population governs portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τούτοιςto theseDativedative of advantage (the numbered groups as recipients)→ sphere or referenceοὗτος (dat. pl. τούτοις): 'to these'; referring to the tribes/clans just numbered, the beneficiaries of the land-division.
μερισθήσεταιshall be dividedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · μερίζωmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative/predictive future (binding statute)μερίζω: 'divide / apportion / distribute'; renders חָלַק; the divine passive (with YHWH as implicit allotter) presents the land-division as a settled ordinance; cognate noun μερίς ('portion').
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject of μερισθήσεται→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; renders אֶרֶץ; here specifically the promised land of Canaan, the object of the apportionment.
κληρονομεῖνto inheritPres Act Inf · κληρονομέωinfinitive of purpose/result ('so as to inherit')→ telic present infinitive (purpose of the division)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession of (by lot)'; renders נָחַל; the verb (from κλῆρος, 'lot') already carries the sense of allotted inheritance, the key theme of vv. 52–56.
ἐξfrom / according topreposition + genitive (basis of the division)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from / on the basis of'; ἐξ ἀριθμοῦ ὀνομάτων ('according to the number of names') sets the census-count as the measure.
ἀριθμοῦnumberGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἀριθμός: 'number / count'; renders מִסְפָּר; the number tallied in the census governs the size of each inheritance.
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ἀριθμοῦ)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name'; ἀριθμὸς ὀνομάτων ('number of names') = the head-count of registered persons (cf. 1:2), each name a unit of the inheritance-portion.
54

τοῖς πλείοσιν πλεονάσεις τὴν κληρονομίαν καὶ τοῖς ἐλάττοσιν ἐλαττώσεις τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτῶν ἑκάστῳ καθὼς ἐπεσκέπησαν δοθήσεται ἡ κληρονομία αὐτῶν

To the larger you shall increase the inheritance, and to the smaller you shall decrease their inheritance; to each, according as they were numbered, their inheritance shall be given.

Principle of allotment, part 2 (proportionality)τοῖς πλείοσιν πλεονάσεις
The proportionality rule, stated in a balanced antithesis: πλείοσιν … πλεονάσεις / ἐλάττοσιν … ἐλαττώσεις ('to the more, more; to the fewer, less'). The figura etymologica (verb sharing the root of its object) drives home that each tribe's inheritance is exactly scaled to its census-number — καθὼς ἐπεσκέπησαν ('as they were numbered').
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with πλείοσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλείοσινmore / largerDativesubstantival comparative adjective (dative of advantage: 'to the larger [groups]')→ sphere or referenceπλείων (dat. pl. πλείοσιν): 'more / greater (in number)'; the comparative of πολύς; here 'to the more numerous' tribes.
πλεονάσειςyou shall increaseFut Act Indic 2 Sg · πλεονάζωmain verb (legislative 2nd-person address to Moses)→ legislative future (binding instruction)πλεονάζω: 'make more / increase / multiply'; cognate with πλείων; the figura etymologica (πλείοσιν … πλεονάσεις) stresses the proportional logic — more people, more land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κληρονομίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativedirect object of πλεονάσεις→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance / allotted possession'; renders נַחֲלָה; the land-portion assigned to each tribe (from κλῆρος, 'lot').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the antithesis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with ἐλάττοσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλάττοσινfewer / smallerDativesubstantival comparative adjective (dative of advantage)→ sphere or referenceἐλάττων (dat. pl. ἐλάττοσιν): 'fewer / smaller'; comparative of (ὀλίγος/μικρός); 'to the less numerous' tribes.
ἐλαττώσειςyou shall decreaseFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἐλαττόωmain verb (legislative 2nd-person address)→ legislative futureἐλαττόω: 'make less / diminish'; cognate with ἐλάττων; the second figura etymologica (ἐλάττοσιν … ἐλαττώσεις) balances the first — fewer people, less land.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κληρονομίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativedirect object of ἐλαττώσεις→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; the land-portion, now diminished for the smaller tribes.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἑκάστῳto eachDativedative of advantage (distributive)→ sphere or referenceἕκαστος: 'each / every (one)'; distributive, applying the proportional rule to every tribe individually.
καθὼςaccording ascomparative conjunction (introducing the measure)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: 'just as / according as'; ties the inheritance directly to the census-figure.
ἐπεσκέπησανthey were numberedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of the comparative clause→ constative aorist passive (the completed census)ἐπισκέπτομαι: 'inspect / muster / number'; the verb cognate with ἐπίσκεψις; the passive 'as they were numbered' makes the just-completed census the legal measure of each inheritance.
δοθήσεταιshall be givenFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative/divine-passive futureδίδωμι: 'give'; renders נָתַן; the divine passive δοθήσεται ('shall be given') frames the land as YHWH's gift, apportioned according to the census.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with κληρονομία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativesubject of δοθήσεται→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; the allotted portion given to each in proportion to its number.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
55

διὰ κλήρων μερισθήσεται ἡ γῆ τοῖς ὀνόμασιν κατὰ φυλὰς πατριῶν αὐτῶν κληρονομήσουσιν

By lots shall the land be divided; according to the names by their ancestral tribes they shall inherit.

Principle of allotment, part 3 (by lot)διὰ κλήρων μερισθήσεται ἡ γῆ
The seemingly paradoxical complement to proportionality: the land is divided διὰ κλήρων ('by lots'). The combination of lot (location decided by providence) and headcount (size decided by population) reconciles divine sovereignty with demographic equity — the lot determines where, the number determines how much. κλῆρος is the root of the whole inheritance-vocabulary (κληρονομέω, κληρονομία).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διὰthrough / bypreposition + genitive (means)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: 'through / by means of'; διὰ κλήρων ('by lots') marks the mechanism of distribution.
κλήρωνlotsGenitivegenitive object of διά (means)→ relational specificationκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion / inheritance'; renders גּוֹרָל; the sacred lot by which the land's location is assigned (cf. Josh 14–19); the root of κληρονομέω and κληρονομία — the controlling concept of the passage.
μερισθήσεταιshall be dividedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · μερίζωmain verb (legislative future passive)→ legislative futureμερίζω: 'divide / apportion'; the same verb as v. 53, here governed by 'by lots' — the land's division is both lot-assigned and number-proportioned.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativesubject of μερισθήσεται→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the promised land, apportioned by lot.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with ὀνόμασιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόμασινnamesDativedative (reference: 'according to the names')→ sphere or referenceὄνομα (dat. pl. ὀνόμασιν): 'names'; the registered names of the census; the inheritance is reckoned 'to the names', i.e. by the counted persons.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; κατὰ φυλὰς πατριῶν ('by ancestral tribes') the organizing unit of the allotment.
φυλὰςtribesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the major division of Israel, the unit by which the land is allotted.
πατριῶνof ancestral familiesGenitivegenitive of relationship (with φυλάς)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'ancestral family / lineage'; φυλὰς πατριῶν = 'ancestral tribes', the patrilineal land-holding units.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κληρονομήσουσινthey shall inheritFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (legislative future)→ legislative/predictive futureκληρονομέω: 'inherit / take by lot'; renders נָחַל; the tribes 'shall inherit' the land by ancestral division — the fulfillment of the patriarchal land-promise (Gen 12:7; 15:18).
56

ἐκ τοῦ κλήρου μεριεῖς τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτῶν ἀνὰ μέσον πολλῶν καὶ ὀλίγων

From the lot you shall divide their inheritance between the many and the few.

Principle of allotment, summary (lot + proportion)ἐκ τοῦ κλήρου μεριεῖς
The summarizing statement reconciling the two principles: the division is made ἐκ τοῦ κλήρου ('from the lot') yet ἀνὰ μέσον πολλῶν καὶ ὀλίγων ('between many and few') — the lot decides placement, the population decides extent. The phrase ἀνὰ μέσον … καί is a Hebraism (בֵּין … וּבֵין).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (means/basis)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / on the basis of'; ἐκ τοῦ κλήρου ('from the lot') marks the lot as the determining mechanism.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with κλήρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήρουlotGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationκλῆρος: 'lot / allotment'; renders גּוֹרָל; the sacred lot determines each tribe's territory; combined with proportional sizing it reconciles divine assignment and demographic justice.
μεριεῖςyou shall divideFut Act Indic 2 Sg · μερίζωmain verb (legislative 2nd-person address to Moses)→ legislative futureμερίζω (Attic fut. μεριῶ): 'divide / apportion'; the contracted future μεριεῖς addresses Moses as the one to carry out the division.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κληρονομίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativedirect object of μεριεῖς→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance / allotted portion'; the land-share to be divided.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀνὰbetween (distributive)preposition (with μέσον: 'between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον ('between / in the midst of'); a Hebraism rendering בֵּין … וּבֵין.
μέσονbetweenAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ἀνά: 'between')→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle'; ἀνὰ μέσον is a fixed prepositional idiom 'between', here 'between the many and the few'.
πολλῶνmanyGenitivegenitive (object of ἀνὰ μέσον: 'the many')→ relational specificationπολύς: 'many / numerous'; the larger tribes, who receive proportionally more.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the ἀνὰ μέσον … καί idiom)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλίγωνfewGenitivegenitive (object of ἀνὰ μέσον: 'the few')→ relational specificationὀλίγος: 'few / small'; the smaller tribes, who receive proportionally less; the antithesis πολλῶν … ὀλίγων restates the proportionality of v. 54.
57

καὶ υἱοὶ Λευι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν τῷ Γεδσων δῆμος ὁ Γεδσωνι τῷ Κααθ δῆμος ὁ Κααθι τῷ Μεραρι δῆμος ὁ Μεραρι

And the sons of Levi by their clans: to Gershon, the clan of the Gershonite; to Kohath, the clan of the Kohathite; to Merari, the clan of the Merarite.

The separate Levite census (begins)καὶ υἱοὶ Λευι
Levi is numbered apart from the secular tribes (and on a different basis, from a month old, v. 62), since Levi receives no land-allotment. The three great Levitical houses appear: Gershon, Kohath, Merari (3:17; Gen 46:11).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsNominativenominative (heading the tribe of Levi)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Levi, numbered separately.
Λευιof Levigenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΛευι: transliteration of Hebrew לֵוִי; Jacob's third son, the priestly tribe set apart for the LORD.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by clans'.
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδῆμος (pl.): the clan-divisions of Levi.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεδσωνGershondative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: LXX form of Hebrew גֵּרְשׁוֹן (Gershon), Levi's firstborn (3:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Gershon.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεδσωνιGershonitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓεδσωνι: gentilic 'the Gershonite' (Hebrew הַגֵּרְשֻׁנִּי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚααθKohathdative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚααθ: LXX form of Hebrew קְהָת (Kohath), Levi's second son, the house of Moses and Aaron (3:19; v. 58).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Kohath.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚααθιKohathitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚααθι: gentilic 'the Kohathite' (Hebrew הַקְּהָתִי).
τῷtoDativearticle (dative of the clan-head)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜεραριMeraridative of relationship (clan-head; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜεραρι: Hebrew מְרָרִי (Merari), Levi's third son (3:17).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Merari.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜεραριMeraritenominative (clan-name, unchanged form; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜεραρι: δῆμος ὁ Μεραρι = 'clan of the Merarite' (Hebrew הַמְּרָרִי).
58

οὗτοι δῆμοι υἱῶν Λευι δῆμος ὁ Λοβενι δῆμος ὁ Χεβρωνι δῆμος ὁ Κορε καὶ δῆμος ὁ Μουσι καὶ Κααθ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αμραμ

These are the clans of the sons of Levi: the clan of the Libnite, the clan of the Hebronite, the clan of Korah, and the clan of the Mushite. And Kohath begot Amram.

Levitical sub-clans and the Amram genealogyοὗτοι δῆμοι υἱῶν Λευι
A second list gives the further Levitical sub-clans — Libni, Hebron, Korah (the same Korah clan-name, here without the rebellion-note), Mushi (cf. 3:18–20) — then narrows to the priestly line: Kohath begot Amram, threading toward Aaron, Moses and Miriam (v. 59). The clan-formula here omits the dative-head, listing the clans directly.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative subject→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'these'; introducing the further Levitical clans.
δῆμοιclansNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceδῆμος (pl.): the clans of the sons of Levi.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Λευι)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Λευι = 'of the sons of Levi'.
Λευιof Levigenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΛευι: the tribe whose sub-clans follow.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; here the clans are listed directly, without dative clan-heads.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛοβενιLibnitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΛοβενι: gentilic 'the Libnite' (Hebrew הַלִּבְנִי), from Libni son of Gershon (3:18).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Hebron.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧεβρωνιHebronitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧεβρωνι: gentilic 'the Hebronite' (Hebrew הַחֶבְרֹנִי), from Hebron son of Kohath (3:19).
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Korah.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚορεKorahitenominative (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚορε: the clan of Korah (Hebrew הַקָּרְחִי), a Kohathite/Izharite line; the same Korah of vv. 9–11, here listed neutrally as a surviving Levitical clan (cf. v. 11).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δῆμοςclanNominativenominative (clan-formula head)→ participant prominenceδῆμος: 'clan'; the clan of Mushi.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with gentilic name)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜουσιMushitenominative gentilic (clan-name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜουσι: gentilic 'the Mushite' (Hebrew הַמּוּשִׁי), from Mushi son of Merari (3:20).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the genealogical note)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚααθKohathnominative (subject of ἐγέννησεν; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΚααθ: Kohath, here as father of Amram, narrowing to the priestly line.
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γεννάωmain verb (genealogical)→ constative aoristγεννάω: 'beget'; renders יָלַד; threading the Kohathite line to Amram, the father of Aaron and Moses.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Αμραμ, object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμραμAmramaccusative object of ἐγέννησεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑμραμ: Hebrew עַמְרָם (Amram), son of Kohath and father of Aaron, Moses and Miriam (Exod 6:20).
59

καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Ιωχαβεδ θυγάτηρ Λευι ἣ ἔτεκεν τούτους τῷ Λευι ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ ἔτεκεν τῷ Αμραμ τὸν Ααρων καὶ Μωυσῆν καὶ Μαριαμ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῶν

And the name of his wife was Jochebed, the daughter of Levi, who bore these to Levi in Egypt; and she bore to Amram Aaron and Moses, and Miriam their sister.

The priestly matriarch (Jochebed) and her childrenκαὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ
Amram's wife Jochebed, herself a daughter of Levi (Exod 6:20), is named, and her three illustrious children — Aaron, Moses, Miriam — are listed. This places the leadership of the entire Exodus generation within the Kohathite line, anchoring Israel's prophet, priest and prophetess in one family.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject ('the name ... was Jochebed')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the formula τὸ ὄνομα ... introduces Amram's wife.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with γυναικός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικὸςwifeGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ὄνομα)→ relational specificationγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; here Amram's wife, the priestly matriarch.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Amram's)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Amram's).
ΙωχαβεδJochebednominative (predicate name; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωχαβεδ: Hebrew יוֹכֶבֶד (Jochebed, 'YHWH is glory'), daughter of Levi, wife of Amram, mother of Moses (Exod 6:20).
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωχαβεδ→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; θυγάτηρ Λευι ('daughter of Levi') marks Jochebed's own Levitical descent, making both parents of Moses pure Levites.
Λευιof Levigenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΛευι: the patriarch; Jochebed's father/ancestor.
ἣwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἔτεκεν)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. ἥ): relative pronoun introducing the clause describing Jochebed's childbearing.
ἔτεκενboreAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (act of bearing)τίκτω: 'bear / give birth to'; renders יָלַד; the verb of maternal generation, distinct from γεννάω (paternal).
τούτουςtheseAccusativedirect object of ἔτεκεν (the Levitical descendants)→ object specificationοὗτος (acc. pl. τούτους): 'these'; the Levitical line/descendants borne to Levi (a somewhat compressed genealogical reference).
τῷtoDativearticle (with Λευι, dative)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Λευιto Levidative of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΛευι: here in the dative, the ancestral house to whom the line was borne.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; the place of the Levitical births during the sojourn/bondage.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενshe boreAor Act Indic 3 Sg · τίκτωmain verb (Jochebed's bearing of Amram's children)→ constative aoristτίκτω: 'bear'; here specifically Jochebed's three children by Amram.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Αμραμ, dative)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Αμραμto Amramdative of relationship (indeclinable: 'to/for Amram')→ participant identificationΑμραμ: the husband, to whom Jochebed bore the three children.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ααρων)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; the firstborn, Israel's first high priest.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of ἔτεκεν→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the prophet and lawgiver, second son of Amram and Jochebed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜαριαμMiriamaccusative object of ἔτεκεν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜαριαμ: Hebrew מִרְיָם (Miriam), the prophetess (Exod 15:20), sister of Aaron and Moses.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀδελφήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὴνsisterAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Μαριαμ→ object specificationἀδελφή: 'sister'; renders אָחוֹת; identifying Miriam's role within the sibling triad of Israel's founding leaders.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of relationship (Aaron's and Moses')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (Aaron's and Moses').
60

καὶ ἐγεννήθησαν τῷ Ααρων ὅ τε Ναδαβ καὶ Αβιουδ καὶ Ελεαζαρ καὶ Ιθαμαρ

And to Aaron were born both Nadab and Abihu, and Eleazar and Ithamar.

The four sons of Aaronκαὶ ἐγεννήθησαν τῷ Ααρων
Aaron's four sons are listed (Exod 6:23): Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, Ithamar — the priestly succession. The correlative ὅ τε … καί groups the elder pair (who will die, v. 61) over against the younger pair, of whom Eleazar now serves as high priest (v. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγεννήθησανwere bornAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · γεννάωmain verb (passive of birth)→ constative aorist passiveγεννάω (aor. pass.): 'be born / be begotten'; with the dative τῷ Ααρων ('to Aaron'), 'there were born to Aaron', listing his offspring.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Ααρων, dative)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ααρωνto Aarondative of advantage (indeclinable: 'to Aaron')→ participant identificationΑαρων: the high priest, father of the four named sons.
ὅthe (both)Nominativearticle (with τε: correlative 'both ... and')→ noun-phrase markingὁ … τε: the article with the correlative τε forms 'both', pairing Nadab with the following names.
τεboth / andcorrelative particle (with following καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: enclitic correlative; ὅ τε … καί = 'both ... and', binding the four sons in a single series.
ΝαδαβNadabnominative (first son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαδαβ: Hebrew נָדָב (Nadab), Aaron's firstborn, who died offering strange fire (v. 61; Lev 10:1–2).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβιουδAbihunominative (second son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑβιουδ: Hebrew אֲבִיהוּא (Abihu), Aaron's second son, who died with Nadab (v. 61).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarnominative (third son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: Aaron's third son and successor as high priest (v. 1; 20:28).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙθαμαρIthamarnominative (fourth son; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙθαμαρ: Hebrew אִיתָמָר (Ithamar), Aaron's fourth son, head of a priestly division (Exod 38:21).
61

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ναδαβ καὶ Αβιουδ ἐν τῷ προσφέρειν αὐτοὺς πῦρ ἀλλότριον ἔναντι κυρίου ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα

And Nadab and Abihu died when they offered strange fire before the LORD in the wilderness of Sinai.

Recollection of the death of Nadab and Abihu (Lev 10)καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ναδαβ καὶ Αβιουδ
Like the Reubenite excursus (vv. 9–11), the Levite census carries an embedded judgment-note: Nadab and Abihu died offering πῦρ ἀλλότριον ('strange/foreign fire') before the LORD (Lev 10:1–2). The articular infinitive ἐν τῷ προσφέρειν marks the precise occasion; the warning theme — even priests are not exempt from divine holiness — runs parallel to Korah.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (singular with compound subject, agreeing with nearer)→ constative aoristἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; the singular precedes the compound subject Ναδαβ καὶ Αβιουδ; recalls the fatal judgment of Lev 10.
ΝαδαβNadabnominative (subject; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαδαβ: Aaron's firstborn, struck down for unauthorized fire.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβιουδAbihunominative (subject; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑβιουδ: Aaron's second son, who died with Nadab.
ἐνin / whenpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: with the articular infinitive τῷ προσφέρειν forms a temporal clause 'when (they) offered' — a common LXX construction rendering Hebrew בְּ + infinitive.
τῷtheDativearticle (with the infinitive προσφέρειν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσφέρεινto offerPres Act Inf · προσφέρωarticular infinitive (temporal clause)→ present infinitive (the act in progress at the time of death)προσφέρω: 'bring near / offer (sacrifice)'; renders הִקְרִיב; the cultic verb for presenting an offering; here the unauthorized offering that brought their death.
αὐτοὺςthey / themAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτός: the accusative subject of the infinitive ('when they offered'), referring to Nadab and Abihu.
πῦρfireAccusativedirect object of προσφέρειν→ object specificationπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; here the illicit fire they presented; ironically, fire from the LORD then consumed them (Lev 10:2).
ἀλλότριονstrange / foreignAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying πῦρ)→ object specificationἀλλότριος: 'strange / foreign / belonging to another'; renders זָרָה; πῦρ ἀλλότριον ('strange fire') is fire not commanded by the LORD — the essence of their cultic transgression.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (before the presence)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; renders לִפְנֵי; the offering was made ἔναντι κυρίου — directly before the divine presence, intensifying the offense.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; before whose holy presence the unauthorized fire was fatal.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐρήμῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα ('in the wilderness of Sinai') locates the event at the start of the wilderness period (Lev 10), early in the same generation now passing away.
ΣιναSinaigenitive of apposition (indeclinable: 'wilderness of Sinai')→ participant identificationΣινα: Hebrew סִינַי; the wilderness of Sinai, the place of the law-giving and of the first census (ch. 1), now contrasted with the plains of Moab.
62

καὶ ἐγενήθησαν ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν τρεῖς καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω οὐ γὰρ συνεπεσκέπησαν ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ ὅτι οὐ δίδοται αὐτοῖς κλῆρος ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ

And they were, from their numbering, twenty-three thousand, every male from a month old and upward; for they were not numbered among the sons of Israel, because no allotment is given to them among the sons of Israel.

Levite subtotal and the rationale for separate numberingκαὶ ἐγενήθησαν ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν
The Levite total, 23,000, is computed on a different basis — πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἀπὸ μηνιαίου ('every male from a month old', not from twenty years) — because the Levites are not warriors but the LORD's portion. The explanatory ὅτι-clause gives the theological ground: οὐ δίδοται αὐτοῖς κλῆρος ('no allotment is given to them'), since the LORD himself is their inheritance (18:20). The lot-vocabulary (κλῆρος) ties back to vv. 52–56.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθησανthey wereAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb ('they amounted to')→ constative aorist (the resultant total)γίνομαι (aor. pass.): 'be / amount to'; introduces the Levite total.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the figure)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): 'from'; ἐξ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν introduces the total.
ἐπισκέψεωςnumberingGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun, applied to the Levites.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρεῖςthreeNominativenumeral (with εἴκοσι: 'twenty-three')→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; with εἴκοσι χιλιάδες = 23,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; τρεῖς καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδες = 23,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenumeral noun→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand (unit)'; the Levite total, 23,000.
πᾶνeveryNominativeadjective (with ἀρσενικόν: 'every male')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; the neuter πᾶν agrees with ἀρσενικόν, defining the counting-criterion.
ἀρσενικὸνmaleNominativesubstantival adjective ('every male')→ participant prominenceἀρσενικός: 'male'; renders זָכָר; the Levites are counted by males from infancy, not by fighting men, because their service is cultic, not military.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
μηνιαίουa month oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (age qualification)→ relational specificationμηνιαῖος: 'a month old / of a month'; renders בֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ; ἀπὸ μηνιαίου καὶ ἐπάνω ('from a month old and upward') is the distinctive Levite census-criterion (cf. 3:15), far younger than the twenty-year military bound.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (extending the range upward)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward'; completing the open-ended Levite age range.
οὐnotnegative particle (with συνεπεσκέπησαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; the Levites were not co-numbered with the rest.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; introduces the reason the Levites are reckoned separately.
συνεπεσκέπησανthey were numbered togetherAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · συνεπισκέπτομαιmain verb of the γάρ-clause (negated)→ constative aorist passiveσυνεπισκέπτομαι: 'be numbered along with / co-mustered'; the double compound (συν + ἐπι + σκέπτομαι) means 'reckoned together with'; the Levites were not co-counted with the secular tribes.
ἐνin / amongpreposition + dative (with μέσῳ: 'among')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (with μέσῳ: 'among').
μέσῳmidstDativedative (with ἐν: 'in the midst of / among')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ ('among the sons of Israel') — the body from whose count the Levites are excepted.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Ισραηλ)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Israel, the lay tribes.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the nation, here the lay community distinguished from Levi.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the theological ground for Levi's exclusion from the land-allotment.
οὐnotnegative particle (with δίδοται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; no allotment is given.
δίδοταιis givenPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιverb of the ὅτι-clause (negated)→ gnomic/customary present passive (standing rule)δίδωμι (pres. pass.): 'be given'; the present states the abiding rule — no land-portion is given to Levi, for the LORD is their inheritance (18:20; Deut 18:1–2).
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative of advantage (the Levites)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (the Levites).
κλῆροςallotmentNominativesubject of δίδοται→ participant prominenceκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion / inheritance'; the same word as vv. 55–56; its denial to Levi is the structural counterpart to its assignment to the lay tribes.
ἐνin / amongpreposition + dative (with μέσῳ)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (with μέσῳ).
μέσῳmidstDativedative (with ἐν: 'among')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'midst'; ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ισραηλ repeated, emphasizing that Levi has no territorial portion within the nation.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Ισραηλ)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the sons of Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the nation among whom Levi holds no land.
63

καὶ αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις Μωυσῆ καὶ Ελεαζαρ τοῦ ἱερέως οἳ ἐπεσκέψαντο τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἐν Αραβωθ Μωαβ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατὰ Ιεριχω

And this is the numbering of Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the sons of Israel in Araboth-Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho.

Closing colophon of the second censusκαὶ αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις Μωυσῆ καὶ Ελεαζαρ
The colophon formally closes the census, naming its conductors (Moses and Eleazar) and its place (Araboth-Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho, repeating v. 3) — bracketing the whole chapter and setting up the contrast with the first census of v. 64 (Moses and Aaron at Sinai).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject (colophon formula)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; gathering the whole census just completed.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativepredicate nominative ('this is the numbering')→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / mustering'; the census-noun, here naming the whole second numbering as the act of Moses and Eleazar.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive of agent/relationship (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς (gen. Μωυσῆ): the census-conductor, the one who carried out the numbering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ελεαζαρof Eleazargenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: the high priest, co-conductor of the census with Moses (v. 1).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἱερέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ελεαζαρ→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; the title of Eleazar, the cultic authority alongside Moses.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐπεσκέψαντο)→ participant referenceὅς (nom. pl. οἵ): relative pronoun introducing the clause describing the two conductors' act.
ἐπεσκέψαντοnumberedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed numbering)ἐπισκέπτομαι: 'inspect / muster / number'; the cognate verb of ἐπίσκεψις; the middle ἐπεσκέψαντο denotes the conductors' official census-taking.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with υἱούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of ἐπεσκέψαντο→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ, the people numbered.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the nation numbered.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΑραβωθArabothplace-name (indeclinable; object of ἐν)→ participant identificationΑραβωθ: 'plains' (Hebrew עַרְבֹת); with Μωαβ, the plains of Moab (cf. v. 3).
ΜωαβMoabplace-name in construct with Αραβωθ (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜωαβ: Moab; Αραβωθ Μωαβ = 'the plains of Moab'.
ἐπὶby / atpreposition + genitive (location alongside)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location alongside).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (location)→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: the Jordan river, eastern boundary of Canaan (cf. v. 3).
κατὰoppositepreposition + accusative (position 'over against')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'opposite'; κατὰ Ιεριχω ('opposite Jericho') fixes the exact site (cf. v. 3).
ΙεριχωJerichoplace-name (indeclinable; object of κατά)→ participant identificationΙεριχω: Jericho, the first city of the coming conquest (Josh 6).
64

καὶ ἐν τούτοις οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος τῶν ἐπεσκεμμένων ὑπὸ Μωυσῆ καὶ Ααρων οὓς ἐπεσκέψαντο τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα

And among these there was not a man of those who had been numbered by Moses and Aaron, who numbered the sons of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai.

Theological climax, part 1 (the Sinai generation is gone)καὶ ἐν τούτοις οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος
The chapter's theological climax: of the entire generation numbered at Sinai (ch. 1, under Moses and Aaron), not a single man (οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος) remained in this second census. The two namings — Moses and Aaron at Sinai (v. 64) versus Moses and Eleazar at Moab (v. 63) — frame the generational turnover; Aaron himself has died (20:28), as has the whole wilderness generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τούτοιςtheseDativedative (with ἐν: 'among these', the newly numbered)→ sphere or referenceοὗτος (dat. pl. τούτοις): 'these'; the people of the second census, among whom no Sinai-survivor is found.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; categorically denies any survivor.
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential, negated)→ stative imperfect (the standing absence)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be / exist'; the existential 'there was not' underscores the total disappearance of the first generation.
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubject of ἦν (negated: 'not a man')→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / human being'; οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος ('there was not a man') is emphatic — not one individual of the Sinai census survived.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with the participle ἐπεσκεμμένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένωνthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Pl Masc · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (partitive genitive: 'of those who had been numbered')→ perfect participle (an abiding registered status, now void)ἐπισκέπτομαι (perf. ptcp.): 'those who have been numbered'; the perfect denotes the settled registered state of the first-census men — a status that has now passed away with them.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agent)→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + gen.: 'by'; marks Moses and Aaron as the agents of the first numbering.
ΜωυσῆMosesGenitivegenitive of agent (with ὑπό)→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς (gen. Μωυσῆ): co-agent of the first census (ch. 1), still living, the link between the two generations.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of agent (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑαρων: the high priest of the first census, now dead (20:28); his name marks the Sinai numbering as belonging to the past generation.
οὓςwhoAccusativerelative pronoun (loosely connecting the numbering-clause)→ participant referenceὅς (acc. pl. οὕς): relative pronoun; the construction is slightly anacoluthic, the relative resumed by the explicit object τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ('whom ... they numbered, the sons of Israel').
ἐπεσκέψαντοthey numberedAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of the relative clause→ constative aoristἐπισκέπτομαι: 'number / muster'; the first census-act of Moses and Aaron at Sinai.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with υἱούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object (resuming the relative: the people numbered at Sinai)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ, the first generation numbered at Sinai.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the nation, numbered at Sinai.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐρήμῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness'; ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Σινα ('in the wilderness of Sinai') — the place of the first census, now contrasted with the plains of Moab.
ΣιναSinaigenitive of apposition (indeclinable: 'wilderness of Sinai')→ participant identificationΣινα: Sinai; the mountain of the law and the site of the first numbering (ch. 1).
65

ὅτι εἶπεν κύριος αὐτοῖς θανάτῳ ἀποθανοῦνται ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ οὐ κατελείφθη ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς πλὴν Χαλεβ υἱὸς Ιεφοννη καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη

for the LORD had said to them, 'They shall surely die in the wilderness'; and there was not left of them even one, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.

Theological climax, part 2 (the fulfilled oath; only Caleb and Joshua)ὅτι εἶπεν κύριος αὐτοῖς
The closing ὅτι-clause gives the reason for the generation's disappearance: the LORD's sworn judgment at the spies' rebellion (14:29–35), rendered with the emphatic cognate-dative Hebraism θανάτῳ ἀποθανοῦνται ('they shall surely die'). The exact fulfilment is stated — οὐ κατελείφθη … οὐδὲ εἷς ('not even one was left') — with the sole exceptions Caleb and Joshua (Ἰησοῦς), the two faithful spies (14:30). This is the theological hinge Paul (1 Cor 10:1–11) and Hebrews (3:7–4:11) read as the paradigm of unbelief judged and faith preserved, the wilderness generation a warning to the church.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the reason the first generation is gone — the divine oath of judgment.
εἶπενhad saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of the causal clause (divine speech)→ constative aorist (the past, decisive oath)λέγω (aor. εἶπεν): 'say'; here the LORD's decisive word of judgment pronounced at 14:28–35, recalled as the cause of the generation's death.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of εἶπεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the one who swore the wilderness judgment.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object (the first generation)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object (the first generation).
θανάτῳby deathDativecognate dative (Hebraism: intensifying ἀποθανοῦνται)→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: 'death'; the cognate dative θανάτῳ ἀποθανοῦνται ('they shall die by death = surely die') renders the Hebrew infinitive absolute construction מוֹת יָמֻתוּ, the LXX's standard device for emphatic certainty (cf. Gen 2:17; Exod 11:1).
ἀποθανοῦνταιthey shall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb of the quoted oath (cognate-dative construction)→ predictive/decretal future (the sworn judgment)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the future ἀποθανοῦνται with cognate θανάτῳ expresses the LORD's certain decree that the unbelieving generation would perish in the wilderness (14:29, 35).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐρήμῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness'; the place of the forty-year dying-off of the Exodus generation (14:33).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the fulfilment)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with κατελείφθη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the objective negative; with οὐδὲ εἷς forms the emphatic 'not even one'.
κατελείφθηwas leftAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · καταλείπωmain verb (passive: 'there was left')→ consummative aorist passive (the completed fulfilment)καταλείπω: 'leave behind / leave remaining'; renders שָׁאַר / נוֹתַר; the passive 'there was not left' marks the exact fulfilment of the oath — the generation is wholly gone.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): partitive 'of them'; ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς = 'not even one of them'.
αὐτῶνof themGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as partitive genitive (with ἐξ).
οὐδὲnot evennegative adverb (intensifying: 'not even')→ clausal contributionοὐδέ: 'not even'; with εἷς it forms the absolute 'not even a single one' — the totality of the judgment.
εἷςoneNominativenumeral (subject: 'not even one')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; οὐδὲ εἷς ('not even one') leaves no exception within the condemned generation — except the two named below, who belonged to it by age but not by unbelief.
πλὴνexceptpreposition/particle (exceptive: 'except')→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'except / besides'; introduces the two exceptions to the universal death — the faithful spies Caleb and Joshua (14:30, 38).
ΧαλεβCalebnominative (first exception; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧαλεβ: Hebrew כָּלֵב (Caleb), of Judah, who 'wholly followed the LORD' (14:24); spared because of his faith.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Χαλεβ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; υἱὸς Ιεφοννη ('son of Jephunneh') identifies Caleb's patronymic.
Ιεφοννηof Jephunnehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙεφοννη: Hebrew יְפֻנֶּה (Jephunneh), Caleb's father.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativenominative (second exception)→ participant prominenceἸησοῦς: the LXX form of Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Joshua); Moses' successor and the other faithful spy (14:30, 38); the name (declined, gen. Ἰησοῦ) is the same Greek form later borne by Jesus, a typological link drawn out at Heb 4:8.
ὁthe (one)Nominativearticle (substantival, with the patronymic genitive: 'the [son] of Nun')→ noun-phrase markingὁ τοῦ Ναυη: the idiom 'the [son] of Nun', the article standing for 'son' with the patronymic genitive.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Ναυη, patronymic genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαυηNungenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'of Nun')→ participant identificationΝαυη: the LXX form of Hebrew נוּן (Nun), Joshua's father; the standard LXX designation 'Joshua son of Nun' is Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη — the survivor who will lead the new generation into the land.