Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 4ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ Δ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Numbers 4 in the LXX is a long, carefully structured administrative chapter that registers the three Levitical clans — Kohath (Κααθ), Gershon (Γεδσων), and Merari (Μεραρι) — for tabernacle service and assigns each its transport-charge.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 4 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Numbers 4 in the LXX is a long, carefully structured administrative chapter that registers the three Levitical clans — Kohath (Κααθ), Gershon (Γεδσων), and Merari (Μεραρι) — for tabernacle service and assigns each its transport-charge. A notable LXX feature is the age-range: where Numbers 4 in the Hebrew opens 'from thirty years and upward' (מִבֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה), the Greek reads ἀπὸ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν ('from twenty-five years', v. 3) and thereafter compresses the formula into the single adjectives ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς … ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς ('from twenty-five years old … to fifty years old', vv. 23, 30, 35, etc.). The theological heart of the chapter is the danger of holiness: the Kohathites carry τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων ('the holy of holies', v. 4), but only after Aaron and his sons have wrapped each sacred object — ark, table, lampstand, golden altar, and bronze altar — in the blue (ὑακίνθινον), purple (ὁλοπόρφυρον / πορφυροῦν), and scarlet (κόκκινον) cloths and the leather coverings (κάλυμμα δερμάτινον); the Kohathites must not touch (οὐχ ἅψονται, v. 15) nor even look on the holy things ἐξάπινα ('suddenly', v. 20) lest they die (ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν). Eleazar son of Aaron has oversight (ἐπίσκοπος, v. 16) of the oil, incense, and anointing oil. The Gershonites bear the curtains, screens, and hangings (vv. 21–28); the Merarites bear the structural frame — boards, bars, pillars, and sockets (vv. 29–33). The carrying is done on the shoulder: the recurring verb αἴρω ('lift / carry', vv. 15, 24, 31, 47, 49) and the participial τὰ αἰρόμενα ('the things carried') frame the holy load as something borne by hand, anticipating the catastrophe of the mishandled ark (2 Sam 6:6–7). The chapter closes with the per-clan totals (Kohath 2,750; Gershon 2,630; Merari 3,200) summing to 8,580 (v. 48), all numbered διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ('by the voice of the LORD') through Moses.

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,

New divine speech-act (main narrative)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν (καὶ Ααρων) is the standard LXX opening of a divine commission and recurs as a structural hinge throughout Numbers (cf. vv. 17, 21). Here the joint address to Moses and Aaron suits a chapter about the priestly handling of the holy things, which falls within Aaron's sphere.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the aorist ἐλάλησεν introduces direct YHWH-speech; the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν is the recurring structural marker that segments the legislative blocks of Numbers.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject of the speech-formula marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν); accusative here as the directional object of πρός.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining co-addressee)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun, co-addressee)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; the joint address to Aaron is fitting since this chapter concerns the priestly wrapping of the holy things that only Aaron and his sons may handle.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct discourse)→ redundant participle of speaking (Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר)λέγω (pres. part.): the nominative participle λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), a fixed LXX formula introducing the content of direct speech; pleonastic by Greek standards but standard Septuagintal idiom.
2

λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν υἱῶν Κααθ ἐκ μέσου υἱῶν Λευι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν

Take the sum of the sons of Kohath from the midst of the sons of Levi, by their clans, by their ancestral houses,

Imperative content of the divine commission (level 1 under v.1)λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον
The command λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον ('take the sum / headcount') opens the census of Kohath, the first of the three Levitical clans treated in this chapter. The double distributive κατὰ δήμους … κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν ('by clans, by ancestral houses') is the standard census-formula of Numbers (cf. 1:2; 3:15), structuring the count genealogically.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (begin the census)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; in the idiom λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον it renders נָשֹׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ ('lift the head' = take a census); the aorist imperative frames the census-taking as a single decisive administrative act.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφάλαιονsum / headcountAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationκεφάλαιον: 'sum / total / head-count'; cognate with κεφαλή ('head'); renders the Hebrew census-idiom רֹאשׁ ('head' = numerical total); the phrase λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον is the LXX's calque for 'reckon the number of heads.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (partitive/possessive: 'of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός (pl. υἱῶν): 'son'; renders בֵּן; οἱ υἱοὶ Κααθ is the standard designation of the Kohathite clan, descendants of Levi's second son Kohath (Exod 6:16).
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΚααθ: transliteration of Hebrew קְהָת; indeclinable in the LXX; Kohath is the Levitical clan charged with the most holy objects — the ark, table, lampstand, and altars — the central concern of vv. 4–20.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (separation: 'from the midst of')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation: 'from the midst of').
μέσουmidstGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (idiomatic: 'from among')→ relational specificationμέσος (subst. μέσον): 'middle / midst'; ἐκ μέσου renders מִתּוֹךְ ('from the midst of'); the Kohathites are distinguished as one subgroup taken out from the larger body of the Levites.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining the larger group: 'of the sons of Levi')→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining the larger group: 'of the sons of Levi').
ΛευιLevigenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΛευι: transliteration of Hebrew לֵוִי; indeclinable in the LXX; the tribe of Levi, set apart for tabernacle service, comprises the three clans of Kohath, Gershon, and Merari.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by clans')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in the distributive census-formula κατὰ δήμους … κατ᾿ οἴκους it renders the Hebrew לְ of distribution ('clan by clan, house by house').
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'people / district / clan'; in the LXX of Numbers it renders מִשְׁפָּחָה ('clan / family group'), the intermediate genealogical unit between tribe and household.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; the phrase οἶκοι πατριῶν ('ancestral houses') renders בֵּית אָבוֹת ('father's houses'), the smallest genealogical census-unit.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους: 'houses of fathers')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'lineage / paternal house'; renders אָב in the census-idiom; the genitive πατριῶν specifies the houses as patrilineal descent-groups.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
3

ἀπὸ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν καὶ ἐπάνω καὶ ἕως πεντήκοντα ἐτῶν πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν ποιῆσαι πάντα τὰ ἔργα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward, and up to fifty years, everyone who enters to minister, to do all the works in the tent of witness.

Qualification of the census: the age-bracket of service (level 2)ἀπὸ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν
The age-range ἀπὸ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε … ἕως πεντήκοντα ('from twenty-five to fifty') is the LXX's distinctive reading; the Masoretic Text reads 'thirty to fifty' here, while Num 8:24 reads 'twenty-five.' The substantival participle πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος ('everyone entering [the service]') with the complementary infinitives λειτουργεῖν … ποιῆσαι defines eligibility functionally: fitness to perform the liturgical labor of the tent.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound of age-range)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: in the age-formula ἀπὸ … ἐτῶν … ἕως it renders מִבֶּן ('from the age of'); marks the lower boundary of eligibility for service.
εἴκοσιtwentynumeral (indeclinable, part of compound number)→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal; with καὶ πέντε forms 'twenty-five.' The LXX 'twenty-five' diverges from the MT's 'thirty' here, possibly harmonizing with the Levite age in Num 8:24.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining components of the number)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfivenumeral (indeclinable, completing 'twenty-five')→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable cardinal; εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε = 'twenty-five.'
ἐτῶνyearsGenitivegenitive of measure (with the number: 'years old')→ relational specificationἔτος (pl. ἐτῶν): 'year'; the genitive of measure in the age-formula renders שָׁנָה.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (extending the lower bound: 'and above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward'; renders וָמַעְלָה ('and upward'); the phrase ἀπὸ … καὶ ἐπάνω means 'from twenty-five years and above.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςup to / untilpreposition + genitive (upper bound of age-range)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; renders עַד; marks the upper limit of eligible service (fifty years).
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (indeclinable, upper bound)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable cardinal; the upper age-limit at which active porterage of the tabernacle ceased (cf. Num 8:25).
ἐτῶνyearsGenitivegenitive of measure (with πεντήκοντα)→ relational specificationἐτῶν: meaning 'years'; it serves as genitive of measure (with πεντήκοντα).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of the participial clause)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every / everyone'; with the substantival participle ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος it forms the comprehensive subject 'everyone who enters [the service].'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one entering [to serve]')→ customary present participle (one who regularly enters the service)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / come in'; renders בּוֹא; the idiom πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος ('everyone entering') is military-administrative language for entering the ranks of active duty (cf. 'going out to war' in the lay census of ch. 1); here it means entering on liturgical service.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary infinitive (purpose of entering)→ present infinitive (ongoing liturgical service)λειτουργέω: 'serve / minister (in a sacred office)'; renders שֵׁרֵת / עָבַד; the term and its cognate λειτουργία dominate this chapter, denoting the dedicated cultic labor of the Levites as distinct from priestly mediation.
ποιῆσαιto doAor Act Inf · ποιέωepexegetical infinitive (specifying λειτουργεῖν: 'to perform')→ aorist infinitive (the work viewed as a whole task)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; epexegetical to λειτουργεῖν, defining the ministry concretely as 'doing all the works' of the tent.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter plural πάντα agrees with τὰ ἔργα, stressing the comprehensiveness of the Levitical labor.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιῆσαι→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / task / labor'; renders מְלָאכָה / עֲבֹדָה; τὰ ἔργα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ are the assigned tasks of tabernacle transport and maintenance, parceled out by clan in this chapter.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative: 'in the tent')→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל / מִשְׁכָּן; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('the tent of witness') is the standard LXX designation of the wilderness sanctuary.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders מוֹעֵד ('meeting') — though the LXX construes the Hebrew as עֵדוּת ('testimony'); ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου is the dwelling that houses the ark of the testimony and the place of YHWH's appointed encounter with Israel.
4

καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ἔργα τῶν υἱῶν Κααθ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων

And these are the works of the sons of Kohath in the tent of witness: the holy of holies.

Heading: the charge of Kohath defined (level 1)καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ἔργα
The deictic ταῦτα τὰ ἔργα ('these are the works') is a heading-formula introducing the catalogue of vv. 5–15. The charge is summed in the climactic appositional phrase ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων ('the holy of holies'), marking the Kohathites' burden as the most sacred and most dangerous load in the camp — the ark, table, lampstand, and altars.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing heading)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of nominal clause)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the neuter plural ταῦτα, fronted, points forward to the catalogue of priestly coverings in vv. 5–15; the construction ταῦτα τὰ ἔργα … is a cataphoric heading-formula.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition with ταῦτα)→ participant prominenceἔργον: 'work / task'; here the assigned charge of Kohath, defined immediately by the appositional ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession ('the works of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive of possession ('the works of the sons').
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΚααθ: transliteration of Hebrew קְהָת; indeclinable; the Kohathites' unique charge — the most holy furniture — is the reason for the elaborate protective protocol of vv. 5–20.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνῇ: meaning 'tent'; it serves as dative of place (locative).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτυρίου: meaning 'of witness'; it serves as genitive (defining σκηνῇ).
ἅγιονholyNominativeappositional/predicate (defining the charge: 'a most holy thing')→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; the superlative Hebraism ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων ('holy of holies') renders קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, the grammatical superlative by genitive iteration; it designates the most sacred class of objects, whose mishandling is lethal (vv. 15, 20).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivepartitive/superlative genitive (completing 'holy of holies')→ relational specificationἅγιος (subst. pl. ἁγίων): 'holy things'; the genitive of the superlative idiom; the doubled ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων sets the Kohathite charge at the apex of sanctity.
5

καὶ εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ ὅταν ἐξαίρῃ ἡ παρεμβολή καὶ καθελοῦσιν τὸ καταπέτασμα τὸ συσκιάζον καὶ κατακαλύψουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν κιβωτὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And Aaron and his sons shall go in, when the camp is about to set out, and they shall take down the veil that overshadows, and with it they shall cover the ark of witness.

Begins the catalogue of priestly coverings (level 1, first item: the ark)καὶ εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων
The protocol begins with the most sacred object, the ark. Crucially it is Aaron and his sons — the priests, not the Kohathites — who do the wrapping. The temporal ὅταν ἐξαίρῃ ἡ παρεμβολή ('when the camp sets out') sets the whole sequence in the moment of breaking camp; the veil (καταπέτασμα) that screened the ark in place now becomes its first travelling-cover.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελεύσεταιshall go inFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (singular agreeing with the nearer subject Ααρων)→ predictive/prescriptive future (legislative directive)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; the future has prescriptive force, prescribing what Aaron and his sons are to do; the singular verb agrees with the first-named subject (Ααρων), the sons being added in a compound subject.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; that Aaron and his priestly sons, not the Levitical porters, perform the wrapping is the structural safeguard of the whole chapter — the holy things are sheathed by priests before laymen may bear them.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (compound with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός (pl. υἱοί): 'son'; here the priestly sons of Aaron (Eleazar, Ithamar), who alone may handle the uncovered holy things.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (introducing subjunctive clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'when(ever)'; takes the subjunctive (ἐξαίρῃ); marks the recurring moment of breaking camp as the trigger for the covering procedure.
ἐξαίρῃsets outPres Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐξαίρωverb of temporal clause ('when the camp sets out')→ present subjunctive (the act of decamping viewed in process)ἐξαίρω: lit. 'lift up / set out / break camp'; renders נָסַע ('pull up [tent-pegs], journey on'); intransitive here with ἡ παρεμβολή as subject — the camp 'lifts up' to march.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολήcampNominativesubject of ἐξαίρῃ→ participant prominenceπαρεμβολή: 'encampment / camp / army'; renders מַחֲנֶה; the standard LXX term for Israel's ordered wilderness camp, here on the point of marching.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθελοῦσινthey shall take downFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καθαιρέωmain verb (action of Aaron and sons)→ prescriptive futureκαθαιρέω: 'take down / lower / remove'; renders הוֹרִיד; used of dismantling the hanging veil; the compound κατα- ('down') suits the act of unhooking the screen from its place.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπέτασμαveilAccusativedirect object of καθελοῦσιν→ object specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'veil / curtain'; renders פָּרֹכֶת, the inner veil screening the holy of holies (Exod 26:31–33); in transport it serves as the ark's innermost wrapping — the same cloth that hid it now shields it.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συσκιάζονovershadowingPres Act Part Acc Neut Sg · συσκιάζωattributive participle (modifying καταπέτασμα: 'the veil that overshadows')→ customary present participle (the veil's standing function of screening)συσκιάζω: 'overshadow / screen / cover with shade'; renders the function of the מָסָךְ / פָּרֹכֶת as the screening curtain; the participle τὸ συσκιάζον characterizes the veil precisely by its role of concealing the ark from view.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακαλύψουσινthey shall coverFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κατακαλύπτωmain verb (covering the ark)→ prescriptive futureκατακαλύπτω: 'cover over / veil completely'; renders כִּסָּה; the compound κατα- intensifies the sense of full concealment — the ark is wholly hidden before any layman may approach it.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental Hebraism: 'with it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental, rendering the Hebrew בְּ of means ('with it'); ἐν αὐτῷ = 'with the veil.'
αὐτῷitDativedative of instrument (referring to the veil)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of instrument (referring to the veil).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativedirect object of κατακαλύψουσιν→ object specificationκιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן; ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('ark of witness') is the holiest object in the sanctuary, housing the testimony; its mishandling is lethal, as the later fate of Uzzah shows (2 Sam 6:6–7).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining κιβωτόν: 'ark of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony'; ἡ κιβωτὸς τοῦ μαρτυρίου renders אֲרוֹן הָעֵדֻת, the ark containing the two tablets of the covenant testimony.
6

καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ κατακάλυμμα δέρμα ὑακίνθινον καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν ἱμάτιον ὅλον ὑακίνθινον ἄνωθεν καὶ διεμβαλοῦσιν τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς

And they shall put on it a covering, a blue-dyed skin, and they shall throw over it a cloth wholly of blue above, and they shall insert the carrying-poles.

Continues the ark-covering (level 2, successive layers)καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν
The ark receives a triple wrapping: the inner veil (v. 5), then a covering of blue-dyed leather (δέρμα ὑακίνθινον), then a wholly blue cloth on top (ἱμάτιον ὅλον ὑακίνθινον). Finally the carrying-poles (ἀναφορεῖς) are inserted, so the ark can be borne without the holy chest itself being touched — the poles, not the ark, take the bearers' hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall put onFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the covering)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on'; renders נָתַן עַל / שִׂים; the recurring verb for laying each successive covering over a sacred object in this chapter (cf. vv. 10, 12, 14).
ἐπ᾿onpreposition + accusative (direction onto, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction onto, elided).
αὐτὸitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (referring to the ark, neuter by attraction)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (referring to the ark, neuter by attraction).
κατακάλυμμαcoveringAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσουσιν→ object specificationκατακάλυμμα: 'covering / wrap'; cognate with κατακαλύπτω; renders מִכְסֶה; the protective over-wrap laid on the veiled ark.
δέρμαskin / hideAccusativeaccusative in apposition with κατακάλυμμα ('a covering, namely a skin')→ object specificationδέρμα: 'skin / hide / leather'; renders עוֹר; the leather over-cover that protected the cloth wrappings from the elements during transport.
ὑακίνθινονblue / hyacinth-coloredAccusativeattributive adjective (color of the skin)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: 'hyacinth-blue / violet'; renders תְּכֵלֶת, the blue-violet dye; the recurring covering-color of the holy things in this chapter (vv. 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14), marking sacred status.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβαλοῦσινthey shall throw overFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb (laying the topmost cloth)→ prescriptive futureἐπιβάλλω: 'throw / lay upon / spread over'; renders שִׂים / פָּרַשׂ; used of casting the outermost cloth over the wrapped object.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
αὐτὴνitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (feminine, referring to ἡ κιβωτός)→ participant referenceThe gender shifts from neuter αὐτό to feminine αὐτήν within the verse, the latter agreeing grammatically with ἡ κιβωτός ('the ark').
ἱμάτιονcloth / garmentAccusativedirect object of ἐπιβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment / cloth'; renders בֶּגֶד; in this chapter the term denotes the colored cloths (blue, purple, scarlet) draped over each holy object.
ὅλονwhole / entirelyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἱμάτιον: 'wholly [blue]')→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; here 'a cloth entirely of blue,' stressing that the topmost covering of the ark is unbroken hyacinth-blue.
ὑακίνθινονblueAccusativeattributive adjective (color of the cloth)→ object specificationὑακίνθινον: meaning 'blue'; it serves as attributive adjective (color of the cloth).
ἄνωθενabove / from aboveadverb of place (position of the cloth)→ clausal contributionἄνωθεν: 'from above / on top'; renders מִלְמָעְלָה; specifies the all-blue cloth as the outermost, uppermost layer of the ark's covering.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεμβαλοῦσινthey shall insert / thread throughFut Act Indic 3 Pl · διεμβάλλωmain verb (inserting the poles)→ prescriptive futureδιεμβάλλω: 'thrust through / insert (through rings)'; the doubly-compounded δι-εν-βάλλω describes threading the carrying-poles through the ark's rings so the holy object can be borne without contact; recurs at vv. 8, 11, 14.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-polesAccusativedirect object of διεμβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἀναφορεύς: 'carrying-pole / bearer-bar'; cognate with ἀναφέρω ('carry up'); renders בַּד ('pole'); the poles inserted through the rings are the means by which the Kohathites carry the ark on their shoulders without touching it (cf. v. 15).
7

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν τὴν προκειμένην ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν ἱμάτιον ὁλοπόρφυρον καὶ τὰ τρυβλία καὶ τὰς θυίσκας καὶ τοὺς κυάθους καὶ τὰ σπονδεῖα ἐν οἷς σπένδει καὶ οἱ ἄρτοι οἱ διὰ παντὸς ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ἔσονται

And over the table of the Presence they shall throw a cloth wholly of purple, and the dishes and the censers and the cups and the libation-bowls with which one pours offerings, and the perpetual loaves shall be upon it.

Second item of the catalogue: the table of the Presence (level 1)καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν
The catalogue moves to the table of the bread of the Presence (ἡ τράπεζα ἡ προκειμένη, 'the table set forth'). It is covered with an all-purple cloth, and its service-vessels and the perpetual bread are wrapped with it. The phrase οἱ ἄρτοι οἱ διὰ παντός ('the perpetual loaves') marks the show-bread that always lay before the LORD (Exod 25:30; Lev 24:5–9).
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶover / uponpreposition + accusative (fronted: 'over the table')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (fronted: 'over the table').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράπεζανtableAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the object to be covered)→ object specificationτράπεζα: 'table'; renders שֻׁלְחָן; the table of the bread of the Presence, overlaid with gold, standing in the holy place (Exod 25:23–30).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προκειμένηνset forth / of the PresencePres Mid Part Acc Fem Sg · πρόκειμαιattributive participle (modifying τράπεζαν)→ stative present participle (the table's standing function of display)πρόκειμαι: 'lie before / be set forth'; ἡ τράπεζα ἡ προκειμένη ('the table set forth') renders שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים / לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, the 'table of the Presence' on which the show-bread was perpetually displayed before YHWH.
ἐπιβαλοῦσινthey shall throwFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb (laying the cloth)→ prescriptive futureἐπιβάλλω: 'lay / spread over'; see v. 6; here the casting of the purple cloth over the table.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + accusative (resumptive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingThe resumptive ἐπ᾿ αὐτήν after the fronted ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν is a Hebraizing pleonasm (cf. the resumptive pronoun after a fronted object in Hebrew).
αὐτὴνitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (resumptive, = the table)→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (resumptive, = the table).
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativedirect object of ἐπιβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'cloth'; see v. 6; the table's covering is purple, distinguishing it from the ark's blue.
ὁλοπόρφυρονwholly purpleAccusativeattributive adjective (color of the cloth)→ object specificationὁλοπόρφυρος: 'all-purple / entirely of purple'; the compound ὅλος + πορφύρα; renders the sense of a cloth wholly of אַרְגָּמָן (purple); the costly purple dye marks the table's high sanctity.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing the vessels)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρυβλίαdishes / bowlsAccusativedirect object (table-vessel, listed)→ object specificationτρυβλίον: 'dish / platter / bowl'; renders קְעָרָה; one of the four sets of golden vessels of the table (Exod 25:29).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυίσκαςcensers / incense-pansAccusativedirect object (table-vessel, listed)→ object specificationθυΐσκη: 'incense-pan / censer / spoon'; renders כַּף; the small golden pans for frankincense set with the show-bread (Lev 24:7).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυάθουςcups / ladlesAccusativedirect object (table-vessel, listed)→ object specificationκύαθος: 'cup / ladle / dipper'; renders מְנַקִּית / קַשְׂוָה; a vessel used in the drink-offering ritual associated with the table.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδεῖαlibation-bowlsAccusativedirect object (table-vessel, listed)→ object specificationσπονδεῖον: 'libation-bowl / flagon'; renders קַשְׂוָה / מְנַקִּית; the vessels for pouring drink-offerings (σπονδαί), named by their function in the following relative clause.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental, in relative clause)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental, in relative clause).
οἷςwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative of instrument: 'with which')→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. pl. οἷς): relative pronoun; ἐν οἷς σπένδει ('with which one pours libations') defines the σπονδεῖα by their ritual use.
σπένδειone pours / he pours a libationPres Act Indic 3 Sg · σπένδωverb of relative clause (impersonal/general subject)→ customary present (habitual ritual action)σπένδω: 'pour a drink-offering'; renders נָסַךְ; cognate with σπονδεῖον; the general present ('with which one pours') describes the regular libation ritual at the table.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the bread-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτοιloavesNominativesubject of ἔσονται→ participant prominenceἄρτος (pl. ἄρτοι): 'bread / loaf'; renders לֶחֶם; here the twelve loaves of the bread of the Presence (Lev 24:5–9), which remained on the table even during transport, covered along with it.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with διὰ παντός attributive)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen. in διὰ παντός: 'continually / perpetually'; renders תָּמִיד; the articular phrase οἱ διὰ παντός ('the perpetual ones') marks the show-bread as the always-present bread before YHWH.
παντὸςall (time)Genitivegenitive (in the temporal idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς (gen. παντός): in διὰ παντός = 'always / continually'; the bread is perpetually renewed and never absent from the table.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (position, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position, elided).
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (= the table)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐπ᾿ (= the table).
ἔσονταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb of the bread-clause (existential/locative)→ prescriptive future (the bread is to remain on the table)εἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): 'be'; the locative future prescribes that the perpetual loaves remain upon the table even as it is wrapped for transport — the Presence-bread is never removed.
8

καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν ἱμάτιον κόκκινον καὶ καλύψουσιν αὐτὴν καλύμματι δερματίνῳ ὑακινθίνῳ καὶ διεμβαλοῦσιν δι᾿ αὐτῆς τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς

And they shall throw over it a scarlet cloth, and they shall cover it with a covering of blue-dyed leather, and they shall insert through it the carrying-poles.

Completes the table-covering (level 2, outer layers and poles)καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν
The table receives its outer wrappings: a scarlet cloth (ἱμάτιον κόκκινον), then a leather over-cover of blue, then the carrying-poles. The full color-sequence for the table — purple, scarlet, leather-blue — distinguishes it from the ark, whose outer cloth was all-blue. The poles complete the parcel, again so the holy object is borne without contact.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβαλοῦσινthey shall throw overFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb (laying the scarlet cloth)→ prescriptive futureἐπιβάλλω: see v. 6; here casting the scarlet cloth over the already-wrapped table.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
αὐτὴνitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the table)→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the table).
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativedirect object of ἐπιβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'cloth'; see v. 6.
κόκκινονscarletAccusativeattributive adjective (color of the cloth)→ object specificationκόκκινος: 'scarlet / crimson'; renders תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי, the crimson dye derived from the kermes insect; the third of the three sacred textile colors (blue, purple, scarlet) used for the holy coverings.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψουσινthey shall coverFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καλύπτωmain verb (the leather over-cover)→ prescriptive futureκαλύπτω: 'cover / conceal'; renders כִּסָּה; here the outermost leather covering laid over the cloth wrappings.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of καλύψουσιν (= the table)→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of καλύψουσιν (= the table).
καλύμματιcoveringDativedative of instrument ('with a covering')→ sphere or referenceκάλυμμα: 'covering / veil / wrap'; renders מִכְסֶה; the leather over-wrap that weatherproofed the holy object; the instrumental dative names the means of covering.
δερματίνῳof leatherDativeattributive adjective (material of the covering)→ sphere or referenceδερμάτινος: 'made of skin / leather'; cognate with δέρμα; renders עוֹר; designates the durable outer covering of hides.
ὑακινθίνῳblue-dyedDativeattributive adjective (color of the leather)→ sphere or referenceὑακίνθινος: 'hyacinth-blue'; see v. 6; here describing the blue-dyed leather of the table's outer cover.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεμβαλοῦσινthey shall insertFut Act Indic 3 Pl · διεμβάλλωmain verb (inserting the poles)→ prescriptive futureδιεμβάλλω: 'thrust through / insert'; see v. 6; threading the table's carrying-poles through its rings.
δι᾿throughpreposition + genitive (path: 'through it', elided)→ spatial or relational framingδι᾿: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (path: 'through it', elided).
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of δι᾿ (= the table)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of δι᾿ (= the table).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-polesAccusativedirect object of διεμβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἀναφορεύς: 'carrying-pole'; see v. 6; the table, like the ark, is borne by poles so the bearers never touch the holy object.
9

καὶ λήμψονται ἱμάτιον ὑακίνθινον καὶ καλύψουσιν τὴν λυχνίαν τὴν φωτίζουσαν καὶ τοὺς λύχνους αὐτῆς καὶ τὰς λαβίδας αὐτῆς καὶ τὰς ἐπαρυστρίδας αὐτῆς καὶ πάντα τὰ ἀγγεῖα τοῦ ἐλαίου οἷς λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς

And they shall take a blue cloth and cover the lampstand that gives light, and its lamps and its tongs and its oil-flasks and all the oil-vessels with which they minister,

Third item of the catalogue: the lampstand (level 1)καὶ λήμψονται
The lampstand (ἡ λυχνία ἡ φωτίζουσα, 'the lampstand that gives light') and all its accessories — lamps, tongs, oil-flasks, vessels — are wrapped in a blue cloth. The participial epithet ἡ φωτίζουσα names the menorah by its function of illuminating the holy place (Exod 25:31–40).
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψονταιthey shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the cloth)→ prescriptive futureλαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψονται): 'take / receive'; renders לָקַח; the Hellenistic spelling with intrusive -μ- (λήμψ-) is standard in the LXX and NT; here the priests take up the blue cloth for wrapping the lampstand.
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativedirect object of λήμψονται→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'cloth'; see v. 6; the lampstand's wrapping is blue (ὑακίνθινον).
ὑακίνθινονblueAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψουσινthey shall coverFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καλύπτωmain verb (covering the lampstand)→ prescriptive futureκαλύπτω: 'cover'; see v. 8.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λυχνίανlampstandAccusativedirect object of καλύψουσιν→ object specificationλυχνία: 'lampstand / menorah'; renders מְנוֹרָה; the seven-branched golden lampstand of the holy place (Exod 25:31–40).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωτίζουσανthat gives lightPres Act Part Acc Fem Sg · φωτίζωattributive participle (modifying λυχνίαν)→ customary present participle (the lampstand's standing function of illumination)φωτίζω: 'give light / illuminate'; ἡ λυχνία ἡ φωτίζουσα ('the lampstand that gives light') names the menorah by its purpose — to light the holy place continually before YHWH (Exod 27:20–21).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing accessories)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λύχνουςlampsAccusativedirect object (accessory of the lampstand)→ object specificationλύχνος: 'lamp'; renders נֵר; the individual oil-lamps set on the seven branches of the menorah.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαβίδαςtongs / snuffersAccusativedirect object (accessory)→ object specificationλαβίς (pl. λαβίδας): 'tongs / snuffers'; renders מֶלְקָחַיִם; the golden tongs used to trim the lamp-wicks (Exod 25:38).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαρυστρίδαςoil-flasks / snuff-dishesAccusativedirect object (accessory)→ object specificationἐπαρυστρίς (pl. ἐπαρυστρίδας): 'oil-pourer / snuff-dish'; cognate with ἐπαρύω ('pour in addition'); renders מַחְתָּה; the small vessels for replenishing or trimming the lamp-oil.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἀγγεῖα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; stresses that every oil-vessel is included in the wrapping.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγεῖαvesselsAccusativedirect object (accessory)→ object specificationἀγγεῖον: 'vessel / container'; renders כְּלִי; here the oil-containers (τὰ ἀγγεῖα τοῦ ἐλαίου) for the lampstand's service.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουof oilGenitivegenitive (defining ἀγγεῖα: 'vessels of oil')→ relational specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; the pure beaten oil that fueled the perpetual lamps (Exod 27:20).
οἷςwith whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of instrument)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. pl. οἷς): relative pronoun; with the resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς, a Hebraizing pleonastic relative construction ('which … with them') rendering אֲשֶׁר … בָּהֶם.
λειτουργοῦσινthey ministerPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωverb of relative clause→ customary present (habitual ministry)λειτουργέω: 'minister / serve'; see v. 3; the relative clause defines the vessels by their liturgical use in tending the lamps.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (resumptive instrumental, Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (resumptive instrumental, Hebraism).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative (resumptive pronoun after οἷς: Hebraizing redundancy)→ participant reference or interestThe resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς doubles the relative οἷς, a Semitic relative-with-resumptive-pronoun construction common in translation-Greek.
10

καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν αὐτὴν καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς εἰς κάλυμμα δερμάτινον ὑακίνθινον καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν αὐτὴν ἐπ᾿ ἀναφορέων

And they shall put it and all its vessels into a covering of blue-dyed leather, and they shall set it upon carrying-poles.

Completes the lampstand-covering (level 2)καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν
Unlike the ark and table, the lampstand has no rings for poles; so it and its vessels are placed (ἐμβαλοῦσιν, 'they shall put into') inside a leather covering and then set ἐπ᾿ ἀναφορέων ('upon a carrying-frame / bearing-poles'). The genitive ἀναφορέων may denote a carrying-bar or litter on which the bundled lampstand rests.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβαλοῦσινthey shall put intoFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμβάλλωmain verb (placing into the covering)→ prescriptive futureἐμβάλλω: 'put into / cast in'; renders נָתַן אֶל; the compound ἐν- ('into') suits placing the lampstand inside a leather wrap rather than draping a cloth over it; recurs at vv. 12 and (as a parcel-into-cover) here.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of ἐμβαλοῦσιν (= the lampstand)→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐμβαλοῦσιν (= the lampstand).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the lampstand and the totality of its implements are wrapped together.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvessels / implementsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with αὐτήν)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'implement / vessel'; renders כְּלִי; here the implements belonging to the lampstand.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction into the covering)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction into the covering).
κάλυμμαcoveringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationκάλυμμα: 'covering / wrap'; see v. 8; here a leather sack or wrap into which the lampstand is placed.
δερμάτινονof leatherAccusativeattributive adjective (material)→ object specificationδερμάτινος: see v. 8.
ὑακίνθινονblue-dyedAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall setFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (setting on the carrying-frame)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; see v. 6; here setting the bundled lampstand onto the bearing-poles.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object (= the wrapped lampstand)→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (= the wrapped lampstand).
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (position, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position, elided).
ἀναφορέωνcarrying-poles / bearing-frameGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ ('upon a bearing-frame')→ relational specificationἀναφορεύς (gen. pl. ἀναφορέων): 'carrying-pole / bearing-bar'; see v. 6; since the lampstand has no rings, the wrapped bundle is laid on a carrying-frame of poles for transport on the shoulders.
11

καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν ἐπικαλύψουσιν ἱμάτιον ὑακίνθινον καὶ καλύψουσιν αὐτὸ καλύμματι δερματίνῳ ὑακινθίνῳ καὶ διεμβαλοῦσιν τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς αὐτοῦ

And over the golden altar they shall spread a blue cloth, and they shall cover it with a covering of blue-dyed leather, and they shall insert its carrying-poles.

Fourth item of the catalogue: the golden altar of incense (level 1)καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν
The golden altar — the altar of incense (Exod 30:1–10) — is wrapped like the ark and table: a blue cloth, a leather over-cover, and its carrying-poles. The qualifier τὸ χρυσοῦν ('the golden') distinguishes it from the bronze altar of burnt offering, treated next in vv. 13–14.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (fronted: 'over the altar')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (fronted: 'over the altar').
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; renders מִזְבֵּחַ; the LXX-coined sacral term (over the pagan βωμός); here qualified as 'the golden altar,' the incense-altar of the holy place.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσιαστήριον)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold'; renders זָהָב; τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν is the gold-overlaid altar of incense, distinct from the bronze altar of sacrifice.
ἐπικαλύψουσινthey shall spread overFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπικαλύπτωmain verb (spreading the cloth)→ prescriptive futureἐπικαλύπτω: 'cover over / spread upon'; renders כִּסָּה; the compound ἐπι- emphasizes laying the cloth over the top of the altar.
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativedirect object of ἐπικαλύψουσιν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'cloth'; see v. 6; the golden altar's covering is blue.
ὑακίνθινονblueAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψουσινthey shall coverFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καλύπτωmain verb (the leather over-cover)→ prescriptive futureκαλύπτω: see v. 8.
αὐτὸitAccusativedirect object (= the altar, neuter)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (= the altar, neuter).
καλύμματιcoveringDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceκάλυμμα: see v. 8.
δερματίνῳof leatherDativeattributive adjective (material)→ sphere or referenceδερμάτινος: see v. 8.
ὑακινθίνῳblue-dyedDativeattributive adjective (color)→ sphere or referenceὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεμβαλοῦσινthey shall insertFut Act Indic 3 Pl · διεμβάλλωmain verb (inserting the poles)→ prescriptive futureδιεμβάλλω: see v. 6.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-polesAccusativedirect object of διεμβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἀναφορεύς: see v. 6; the golden altar had its own poles (Exod 30:4–5).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
12

καὶ λήμψονται πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ λειτουργικά ὅσα λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν εἰς ἱμάτιον ὑακίνθινον καὶ καλύψουσιν αὐτὰ καλύμματι δερματίνῳ ὑακινθίνῳ καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπὶ ἀναφορεῖς

And they shall take all the ministering vessels with which they minister in the holy place, and they shall put them into a blue cloth, and cover them with a covering of blue-dyed leather, and set them upon carrying-poles.

Fifth item: the ministering vessels of the sanctuary (level 1)καὶ λήμψονται πάντα τὰ σκεύη
The general class of τὰ σκεύη τὰ λειτουργικά ('the ministering vessels') used in the holy place is gathered, wrapped in blue cloth and leather, and laid on poles — the same protocol as for the named furniture. The pleonastic relative ὅσα … ἐν αὐτοῖς ('which … with them') again mirrors Hebrew syntax.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψονταιthey shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (gathering the vessels)→ prescriptive futureλαμβάνω: see v. 9.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of liturgical vessels.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of λήμψονται→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; see v. 10.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργικάministering / for serviceAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationλειτουργικός: 'serving / for ministry'; cognate with λειτουργέω; τὰ σκεύη τὰ λειτουργικά = 'the vessels of service,' the implements used in the sanctuary's liturgy (cf. v. 26).
ὅσαwith which / as many asAccusativerelative pronoun (object antecedent: 'whatever vessels')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; with the resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς a Hebraizing relative ('which … with them'); the clause defines the vessels by their liturgical use.
λειτουργοῦσινthey ministerPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωverb of relative clause→ customary present (habitual ministry)λειτουργέω: see v. 3.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (resumptive instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (resumptive instrumental).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative (resumptive pronoun after ὅσα)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (resumptive pronoun after ὅσα).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place').
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίοιςholy things / holy placeDativesubstantival adjective (locative: 'in the holy [place]')→ sphere or referenceἅγιος (subst. pl. ἁγίοις): 'holy things / sanctuary'; ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις ('in the holy place / among the holy things') renders בַּקֹּדֶשׁ; locates the vessels' ministry within the sanctuary.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβαλοῦσινthey shall put intoFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμβάλλωmain verb (placing into the cloth)→ prescriptive futureἐμβάλλω: see v. 10.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction into)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction into).
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationἱμάτιον: see v. 6.
ὑακίνθινονblueAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψουσινthey shall coverFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καλύπτωmain verb (the leather over-cover)→ prescriptive futureκαλύπτω: see v. 8.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (= the vessels, neuter plural)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (= the vessels, neuter plural).
καλύμματιcoveringDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceκάλυμμα: see v. 8.
δερματίνῳof leatherDativeattributive adjective (material)→ sphere or referenceδερμάτινος: see v. 8.
ὑακινθίνῳblue-dyedDativeattributive adjective (color)→ sphere or referenceὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall setFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (setting on the poles)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: see v. 6.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-polesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἀναφορεύς: see v. 6; the wrapped vessels are laid on bearing-poles.
13

καὶ τὸν καλυπτῆρα ἐπιθήσει ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον καὶ ἐπικαλύψουσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ ἱμάτιον ὁλοπόρφυρον

And he shall put the ash-cover upon the altar, and they shall spread over it a cloth wholly of purple.

Sixth item: the bronze altar of burnt offering (level 1)καὶ τὸν καλυπτῆρα ἐπιθήσει
The catalogue turns to the bronze altar of sacrifice. First its ash-cover (καλυπτήρ) is set in place, then a purple cloth spread over it. The shift to the singular ἐπιθήσει ('he shall put') after the recurring plurals may single out the officiating priest for this act.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλυπτῆραash-cover / lidAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσει→ object specificationκαλυπτήρ: 'cover / lid'; here the cover or ash-pan of the bronze altar; the LXX uses it for the altar's fitting that received the ashes; recurs in the catalogue of v. 14.
ἐπιθήσειhe shall putFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (singular: the officiating priest)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon'; see v. 6; the singular ἐπιθήσει (vs. the plurals elsewhere) may foreground a single priest performing this particular act on the altar.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; see v. 11; here the bronze altar of burnt offering (Exod 27:1–8), distinguished from the golden incense-altar of v. 11.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπικαλύψουσινthey shall spread overFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπικαλύπτωmain verb (spreading the cloth)→ prescriptive futureἐπικαλύπτω: 'cover over'; see v. 11.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
αὐτὸitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar).
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativedirect object of ἐπικαλύψουσιν→ object specificationἱμάτιον: see v. 6; the bronze altar's covering is purple (cf. Num 4:13).
ὁλοπόρφυρονwholly purpleAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὁλοπόρφυρος: 'all-purple'; see v. 7.
14

καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ πάντα τὰ σκεύη ὅσοις λειτουργοῦσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ πυρεῖα καὶ τὰς κρεάγρας καὶ τὰς φιάλας καὶ τὸν καλυπτῆρα καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ κάλυμμα δερμάτινον ὑακίνθινον καὶ διεμβαλοῦσιν τοὺς ἀναφορεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ λήμψονται ἱμάτιον πορφυροῦν καὶ συγκαλύψουσιν τὸν λουτῆρα καὶ τὴν βάσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμβαλοῦσιν αὐτὰ εἰς κάλυμμα δερμάτινον ὑακίνθινον καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπὶ ἀναφορεῖς

And they shall set upon it all its vessels with which they minister upon it — the fire-pans and the flesh-hooks and the bowls and the ash-cover and all the vessels of the altar — and they shall throw over it a covering of blue-dyed leather, and insert its carrying-poles; and they shall take a purple cloth and wrap together the laver and its base, and put them into a covering of blue-dyed leather, and set them upon carrying-poles.

Completes the bronze altar and adds the laver (level 2)καὶ ἐπιθήσουσιν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸ πάντα τὰ σκεύη
The longest verse in the chapter completes the bronze altar's wrapping (its fire-pans, flesh-hooks, bowls, ash-cover, and all its vessels under a leather cover with poles) and then, with no separate verse-break in the LXX, adds the laver (λουτήρ) and its base, wrapped in a purple cloth and leather and set on poles. The clustering of the laver here is a LXX arrangement (the Hebrew/MT lacks the laver in this list).
Word-by-word analysis· 66 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall setFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (placing the vessels on the altar)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: see v. 6.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
αὐτὸitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the altar's implements.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of ἐπιθήσουσιν→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): see v. 10.
ὅσοιςwith whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of instrument)→ participant reference or interestὅσος (dat. pl. ὅσοις): relative; with resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς a Hebraizing relative ('which … with them'); defines the vessels by their altar-service.
λειτουργοῦσινthey ministerPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωverb of relative clause→ customary presentλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
αὐτὸitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar).
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (resumptive instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (resumptive instrumental).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative (resumptive pronoun after ὅσοις)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (resumptive pronoun after ὅσοις).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing the implements)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυρεῖαfire-pans / censersAccusativedirect object (altar-implement, listed)→ object specificationπυρεῖον: 'fire-pan / censer / coal-pan'; renders מַחְתָּה; the bronze pans for carrying altar-coals (Exod 27:3); the same vessels figure in the Korah rebellion (Num 16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρεάγραςflesh-hooksAccusativedirect object (altar-implement, listed)→ object specificationκρεάγρα: 'flesh-hook'; compound of κρέας ('meat') + ἄγρα ('catching'); renders מִזְלָג; the forks for handling sacrificial flesh on the altar (Exod 27:3; 1 Sam 2:13–14).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φιάλαςbowlsAccusativedirect object (altar-implement, listed)→ object specificationφιάλη: 'bowl / basin'; renders מִזְרָק; the wide bowls for catching and dashing sacrificial blood against the altar (Exod 27:3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλυπτῆραash-coverAccusativedirect object (altar-implement, listed)→ object specificationκαλυπτήρ: see v. 13; the altar's cover/grate, here listed among its implements.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (summing the implements)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; a summary phrase gathering 'all the vessels of the altar.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object (summary)→ object specificationσκεῦος: see v. 10.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουof the altarGenitivegenitive (defining σκεύη)→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: see v. 11.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβαλοῦσινthey shall throw overFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιβάλλωmain verb (the leather cover)→ prescriptive futureἐπιβάλλω: see v. 6.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + accusative (elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided).
αὐτὸitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar)→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἐπ᾿ (= the altar).
κάλυμμαcoveringAccusativedirect object of ἐπιβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationκάλυμμα: see v. 8.
δερμάτινονof leatherAccusativeattributive adjective (material)→ object specificationδερμάτινος: see v. 8.
ὑακίνθινονblue-dyedAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεμβαλοῦσινthey shall insertFut Act Indic 3 Pl · διεμβάλλωmain verb (inserting the poles)→ prescriptive futureδιεμβάλλω: see v. 6.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-polesAccusativedirect object of διεμβαλοῦσιν→ object specificationἀναφορεύς: see v. 6; the bronze altar's poles (Exod 27:6–7).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the laver-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψονταιthey shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the purple cloth)→ prescriptive futureλαμβάνω: see v. 9.
ἱμάτιονclothAccusativedirect object of λήμψονται→ object specificationἱμάτιον: see v. 6; the laver's wrapping is purple.
πορφυροῦνpurpleAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationπορφυροῦς: 'purple'; renders אַרְגָּמָן; here the purple cloth for the laver (a variant of the all-purple ὁλοπόρφυρον of the table and bronze altar).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγκαλύψουσινthey shall wrap togetherFut Act Indic 3 Pl · συγκαλύπτωmain verb (covering the laver and its base together)→ prescriptive futureσυγκαλύπτω: 'cover together / wrap up completely'; the compound συν- ('together') suits enveloping both the laver and its base in a single wrap.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτῆραlaver / basinAccusativedirect object of συγκαλύψουσιν→ object specificationλουτήρ: 'wash-basin / laver'; renders כִּיּוֹר; the bronze basin for the priests' ritual washing (Exod 30:18–21); its inclusion in this list is a feature of the LXX arrangement.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσινbase / standAccusativedirect object (coordinate with λουτῆρα)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / pedestal / foot'; renders כֵּן; the stand of the laver (Exod 30:18); the word also denotes the socket-bases of the tabernacle frame (vv. 31–32).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμβαλοῦσινthey shall put intoFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμβάλλωmain verb (placing into the leather cover)→ prescriptive futureἐμβάλλω: see v. 10.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object (= laver and base)→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (= laver and base).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction into)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction into).
κάλυμμαcoveringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationκάλυμμα: see v. 8.
δερμάτινονof leatherAccusativeattributive adjective (material)→ object specificationδερμάτινος: see v. 8.
ὑακίνθινονblue-dyedAccusativeattributive adjective (color)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθήσουσινthey shall setFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (setting on the poles)→ prescriptive futureἐπιτίθημι: see v. 6.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (position).
ἀναφορεῖςcarrying-polesAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἀναφορεύς: see v. 6.
15

καὶ συντελέσουσιν Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ καλύπτοντες τὰ ἅγια καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν τὴν παρεμβολήν καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσονται υἱοὶ Κααθ αἴρειν καὶ οὐχ ἅψονται τῶν ἁγίων ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν ταῦτα ἀροῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Κααθ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And when Aaron and his sons have finished covering the holy things and all the holy vessels, as the camp sets out, then afterward the sons of Kohath shall come in to carry them; but they shall not touch the holy things, lest they die. These the sons of Kohath shall carry in the tent of witness.

Pivot: the Kohathites may carry only after the priests have finished (level 1)καὶ συντελέσουσιν Ααρων
The theological climax of the section: only when Aaron and his sons have completed (συντελέσουσιν) the covering may the Kohathites enter to lift (αἴρειν). The prohibition οὐχ ἅψονται τῶν ἁγίων ('they shall not touch the holy things') with its purpose clause ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν ('lest they die') states the danger of holiness that governs the whole chapter — the lethal sanctity later embodied in the death of Uzzah (2 Sam 6:6–7).
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντελέσουσινthey shall finish / completeFut Act Indic 3 Pl · συντελέωmain verb (Aaron and sons completing the covering)→ prescriptive future (temporal protasis: 'when they have finished')συντελέω: 'complete / bring to an end / finish'; renders כִּלָּה; the verb marks the decisive boundary — the priests' covering must be fully accomplished before any Levite may approach.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (compound with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 5; the priestly sons of Aaron.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καλύπτοντεςcoveringPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · καλύπτωcircumstantial participle (of means/complement: 'finish covering')→ present participle (the ongoing act being completed)καλύπτω: see v. 8; the supplementary participle with συντελέω expresses what they finish doing — 'finish covering the holy things.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy thingsAccusativedirect object of καλύπτοντες→ object specificationἅγιος (subst. n. pl. ἅγια): 'holy things'; the sacred furniture just catalogued.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with ἅγια)→ object specificationσκεῦος: see v. 10.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη: 'the holy vessels')→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy'; τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια = 'the holy vessels.'
ἐνin / aspreposition + dative articular infinitive (temporal: 'when')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive (ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν): the temporal idiom 'when / as the camp sets out,' rendering the Hebrew בְּ + infinitive construct; a frequent LXX temporal construction.
τῷtheDativearticle (with infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαίρεινsetting outPres Act Inf · ἐξαίρωarticular infinitive (temporal clause: 'when [the camp] sets out')→ present infinitive (the act of decamping in process)ἐξαίρω: see v. 5; here the camp 'breaking up' to march, the moment when the holy things must be wrapped and lifted.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολήνcampAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ἐξαίρειν→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 5; the accusative is the subject of the articular infinitive ('as the camp sets out').
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: in μετὰ ταῦτα ('after these things'), the standard LXX temporal-succession formula; here marking the strict sequence: only after the priests finish.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (temporal)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'this'; μετὰ ταῦτα = 'afterward.'
εἰσελεύσονταιthey shall come inFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (the Kohathites entering to carry)→ prescriptive future (permitted action, strictly sequenced)εἰσέρχομαι: see v. 5; the Kohathites may only now enter — after the covering is complete — to lift the holy load.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (the Kohathite porters)→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 2.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΚααθ: see v. 2.
αἴρεινto carry / liftPres Act Inf · αἴρωinfinitive of purpose (purpose of entering)→ present infinitive (the act of bearing the load)αἴρω: 'lift / take up / carry'; renders נָשָׂא; the key verb of Levitical porterage in this chapter (vv. 24, 31, 47, 49); the holy things are 'lifted' and borne on the shoulder — but, crucially, only as wrapped bundles on poles.
καὶand / butcoordinate conjunction (adversative force)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotnegative particle (with ἅψονται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐχ before rough breathing): the strong negation of fact; οὐχ ἅψονται = 'they shall by no means touch.'
ἅψονταιthey shall touchFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἅπτομαιmain verb (prohibition: 'they shall not touch')→ prohibitive future (categorical prohibition)ἅπτομαι: 'touch / lay hold of'; renders נָגַע; takes the genitive object (τῶν ἁγίων); the prohibitive future has the force of an absolute ban — the Kohathites bear the holy things only by the poles, never by direct contact.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivegenitive object of ἅψονται (touch takes the genitive)→ relational specificationἅγιος (subst. pl. ἁγίων): 'holy things'; the genitive is governed by ἅπτομαι; touching the sacred objects is lethal.
ἵναlest / so thatconjunction (negative purpose, with μή)→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα (with μή): introduces a negative purpose clause ('lest / so that … not'), taking the subjunctive; ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν renders פֶּן + imperfect ('lest they die').
μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negation used with the subjunctive in the purpose clause.
ἀποθάνωσινthey may dieAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of negative purpose clause→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the feared event of death)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מוּת; the blunt verb (vs. the gentler τελευτάω) underscores the lethal danger of the holy things; the same warning recurs at v. 20.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object (fronted: 'these [holy things] they shall carry')→ object specificationοὗτος: 'this'; the fronted neuter plural object resumes the catalogue of holy things as the Kohathites' specific load.
ἀροῦσινthey shall carryFut Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (summary of the Kohathite charge)→ prescriptive futureαἴρω (fut. ἀροῦσιν): 'lift / carry'; see αἴρειν above; the summary statement of what the Kohathites bear — the most holy things, carried on the shoulder.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἀροῦσιν→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 2.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΚααθ: see v. 2.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
16

ἐπίσκοπος Ελεαζαρ υἱὸς Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτὸς καὶ τὸ θυμίαμα τῆς συνθέσεως καὶ ἡ θυσία ἡ καθ᾿ ἡμέραν καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως ἡ ἐπισκοπὴ ὅλης τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ ὅσα ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις

Overseer is Eleazar son of Aaron the priest: the oil for the light, and the fragrant incense, and the daily sacrifice, and the anointing oil — the oversight of the whole tabernacle and of all that is in it, in the holy place, in all the works.

Appointment: Eleazar's special oversight (level 1)ἐπίσκοπος Ελεαζαρ
A fronted predicate nominative ἐπίσκοπος ('overseer [is]') sets Eleazar, Aaron's elder surviving son, over the most volatile and precious consumables: the lamp-oil, the incense of the compound, the daily grain-offering, and the anointing oil. The summarizing ἡ ἐπισκοπὴ ὅλης τῆς σκηνῆς ('the oversight of the whole tabernacle') extends his charge to everything within the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
ἐπίσκοποςoverseerNominativepredicate nominative (fronted: 'overseer [is Eleazar]')→ participant prominenceἐπίσκοπος: 'overseer / supervisor / guardian'; cognate with ἐπισκοπή and ἐπισκέπτομαι; here a title of charge — Eleazar is the appointed supervisor of the named holy consumables; the term later acquires ecclesiastical sense ('bishop').
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('God has helped'); indeclinable; Aaron's third son and, after the death of Nadab and Abihu (Lev 10), his heir-apparent in the high-priestly line (Num 20:25–28).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 2; identifying Eleazar's priestly lineage.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ααρων ('Aaron the priest')→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the title marks Aaron's high-priestly office, the source of Eleazar's authority.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilNominativenominative (item under Eleazar's oversight, listed)→ participant prominenceἔλαιον: 'oil'; see v. 9; τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτός ('the oil of the light') is the lamp-oil for the menorah, first of Eleazar's charges.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωτὸςof lightGenitivegenitive (defining ἔλαιον: 'oil of light')→ relational specificationφῶς: 'light'; renders מָאוֹר; τὸ ἔλαιον τοῦ φωτός is the oil that fuels the perpetual lamp (Exod 27:20).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing the charges)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμίαμαincenseNominativenominative (second item of oversight)→ participant prominenceθυμίαμα: 'incense / fragrant offering'; renders קְטֹרֶת; the holy incense burned on the golden altar (Exod 30:34–38), described as 'of the compound.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνθέσεωςof the compound / mixtureGenitivegenitive (defining θυμίαμα: 'incense of the compounding')→ relational specificationσύνθεσις: 'composition / compounding / mixture'; renders the perfumer's blending of the sacred incense (Exod 30:35, 'compounded after the art of the apothecary'); marks it as a specially prepared aromatic.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαsacrifice / offeringNominativenominative (third item of oversight)→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders מִנְחָה; here the daily grain-offering (ἡ θυσία ἡ καθ᾿ ἡμέραν), the perpetual oblation (Exod 29:38–42; Lev 6:19–23).
theNominativearticle (with attributive phrase)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθ᾿according to / eachpreposition + accusative (distributive: 'daily')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc. in καθ᾿ ἡμέραν: 'day by day / daily'; the distributive idiom; renders the Hebrew תָּמִיד / יוֹם בְּיוֹם of the perpetual offering.
ἡμέρανdayAccusativeaccusative object of καθ᾿ (distributive: 'each day')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; in καθ᾿ ἡμέραν = 'daily,' qualifying the perpetual sacrifice.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilNominativenominative (fourth item of oversight)→ participant prominenceἔλαιον: 'oil'; here τὸ ἔλαιον τῆς χρίσεως ('the oil of anointing'), the holy anointing oil of Exod 30:22–33.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρίσεωςof anointingGenitivegenitive (defining ἔλαιον: 'oil of anointing')→ relational specificationχρίσις: 'anointing / smearing'; cognate with χρίω ('anoint') and χριστός; renders מִשְׁחָה; the sacred oil for consecrating the priests and furniture (Exod 30:25).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκοπὴoversight / chargeNominativenominative (summary: 'the oversight of the whole tabernacle')→ participant prominenceἐπισκοπή: 'oversight / visitation / charge'; cognate with ἐπίσκοπος; here the comprehensive supervisory responsibility Eleazar holds over the entire sanctuary; the same root yields the census-verb ἐπισκέπτομαι used throughout vv. 23–49.
ὅληςwholeGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; the oversight extends to the whole tabernacle, not merely the named items.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacleGenitivegenitive (object of oversight: 'of the whole tabernacle')→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαall that / whateverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστίν: 'whatever is in it')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; ὅσα ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ ('all that is in it') extends the oversight to the tabernacle's entire contents.
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (existential/locative)→ stative present (what is present in the sanctuary)εἰμί: 'be'; the locative present 'all that is in it' sweeps in everything housed within the tent.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (= the tabernacle)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐν (= the tabernacle).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place').
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy placeDativesubstantival adjective (locative: 'in the holy [place]')→ sphere or referenceἅγιος (subst. n. ἁγίῳ): 'sanctuary / holy place'; ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ renders בַּקֹּדֶשׁ; locates Eleazar's charge within the sacred precinct.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in all the works')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in all the works').
πᾶσιallDativeattributive adjective (modifying τοῖς ἔργοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς (dat. pl. πᾶσι): 'all'; the oversight covers every task of the sanctuary.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςworksDativedative of sphere ('in all the works')→ sphere or referenceἔργον: see v. 3; here the totality of sanctuary tasks over which Eleazar has oversight.
17

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,

New divine speech-act introducing the safeguard for Kohath (level 0)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The speech-formula recurs verbatim from v. 1, opening a fresh divine word — this time the urgent safeguard ensuring that the Kohathites are not destroyed by their lethal charge (vv. 18–20). The repetition of the joint address to Moses and Aaron again signals priestly subject-matter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: see v. 1; the recurring divine-speech formula segmenting the chapter.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronaccusative object of πρός (indeclinable, co-addressee)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct discourse)→ redundant participle of speaking (Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר)λέγω: see v. 1.
18

μὴ ὀλεθρεύσητε τῆς φυλῆς τὸν δῆμον τὸν Κααθ ἐκ μέσου τῶν Λευιτῶν

Do not let the clan of the tribe of Kohath be destroyed from the midst of the Levites.

Negative command: prevent the destruction of Kohath (level 1)μὴ ὀλεθρεύσητε
The prohibitive aorist subjunctive μὴ ὀλεθρεύσητε ('do not destroy / do not let be cut off') addresses Moses and Aaron as those responsible to safeguard the Kohathites from the deadly nearness of the holy things. The clan that bears the most sacred load is also the most endangered; vv. 19–20 prescribe the protective procedure.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴnotnegative particle (with prohibitive subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negation used with the aorist subjunctive to form a prohibition.
ὀλεθρεύσητεyou destroy / let be cut offAor Act Subj 2 Pl · ὀλεθρεύωmain verb (prohibitive subjunctive addressed to Moses and Aaron)→ prohibitive aorist subjunctive (categorical: 'do not bring about destruction')ὀλεθρεύω: 'destroy / cut off / bring to ruin'; renders כָּרַת (Hiphil, 'cut off') / שָׁחַת; the causative sense here is 'do not cause the clan to be destroyed' — i.e. do not let them perish by mishandling the holy things; cognate with ὄλεθρος ('destruction') and the ὀλεθρεύων ('destroyer') of Exod 12:23.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive (defining δῆμον: 'the clan of the tribe')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; renders שֵׁבֶט / מַטֶּה; the larger genealogical unit (here Levi), of which the δῆμος Κααθ is a subdivision.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῆμονclanAccusativedirect object of ὀλεθρεύσητε→ object specificationδῆμος: 'clan'; see v. 2; the Kohathite clan is the object to be preserved.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with appositive name)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚααθKohathappositive (indeclinable proper noun, naming the clan)→ participant identificationΚααθ: see v. 2; the articular τὸν Κααθ stands in apposition to τὸν δῆμον ('the clan, namely Kohath').
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
μέσουmidstGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('from the midst')→ relational specificationμέσος: see v. 2; ἐκ μέσου τῶν Λευιτῶν = 'from among the Levites'; the loss of Kohath would be a loss to the whole tribe.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευιτῶνLevitesGenitivegenitive (defining μέσου: 'the midst of the Levites')→ relational specificationΛευίτης (pl. Λευιτῶν): 'Levite'; gentilic of Λευι; the members of the tribe set apart for tabernacle service, among whom Kohath is one clan.
19

τοῦτο ποιήσατε αὐτοῖς καὶ ζήσονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν προσπορευομένων αὐτῶν πρὸς τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων Ααρων καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ προσπορευέσθωσαν καὶ καταστήσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἕκαστον κατὰ τὴν ἀναφορὰν αὐτοῦ

This do for them, and they shall live and shall not die when they approach the most holy things: Aaron and his sons shall go in and shall appoint them each to his burden,

Prescribed safeguard: priestly assignment of burdens (level 1)τοῦτο ποιήσατε αὐτοῖς
The procedure that secures life: Aaron and his sons must personally go in and assign each Kohathite to his specific burden (ἕκαστον κατὰ τὴν ἀναφορὰν αὐτοῦ). The double promise καὶ ζήσονται καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν ('they shall live and shall not die') sets life against the lethal danger; the emphatic οὐ μή with the genitive-absolute προσπορευομένων αὐτῶν ('as they draw near') marks the moment of maximum peril.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
τοῦτοthisAccusativedirect object (cataphoric: 'this [procedure]')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; τοῦτο points forward to the prescribed procedure that follows.
ποιήσατεdoAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (imperative to Moses and Aaron)→ ingressive aorist imperative (enact this safeguard)ποιέω: 'do / make'; see v. 3; the imperative commands the protective measure.
αὐτοῖςfor themDativedative of advantage ('for them' = the Kohathites)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'for them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage ('for them' = the Kohathites).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήσονταιthey shall liveFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ζάωmain verb (result clause: 'so they shall live')→ predictive future (the assured outcome of obedience)ζάω: 'live'; renders חָיָה; the promise of life is the positive counterpart to the death-warning; obedience to the procedure preserves the Kohathites.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with μή, emphatic negation)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ μή: the doubled negative with the aorist subjunctive expresses the strongest possible denial ('they shall surely not die').
μὴnotnegative particle (completing οὐ μή)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθάνωσινthey may dieAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωsubjunctive with οὐ μή (emphatic denial)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the averted death)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 15; the emphatic οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν guarantees their preservation if the procedure is followed.
προσπορευομένωνapproachingPres Mid Part Gen Masc Pl · προσπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal: 'when they approach')→ present participle (the act of drawing near in process)προσπορεύομαι: 'approach / draw near'; renders קָרַב / נָגַשׁ; the genitive absolute προσπορευομένων αὐτῶν marks the dangerous moment of nearness to the most holy things; cognate with the προσπορευέσθωσαν of the priests below.
αὐτῶνthey / theirGenitivegenitive (subject of the genitive absolute)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive (subject of the genitive absolute).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of approach)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of approach).
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of πρός: 'the holy [things]')→ object specificationἅγιος: see v. 4; τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων ('the holy of holies') — the same superlative idiom as v. 4, here the dangerous objects approached.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholy thingsGenitivesuperlative genitive (completing 'holy of holies')→ relational specificationἅγιος: see v. 4.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (compound with Ααρων)→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 5.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
προσπορευέσθωσανlet them go in / approachPres Mid Impv 3 Pl · προσπορεύομαιmain verb (third-person imperative: the priests are to approach)→ present imperative (ongoing duty of the priests)προσπορεύομαι: see above; the priests, unlike the laymen, may safely draw near; the imperative assigns them the task of going in to organize the load.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταστήσουσινthey shall appoint / setFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καθίστημιmain verb (the priests assigning each man his load)→ prescriptive futureκαθίστημι: 'appoint / set / station'; renders שִׂים / פָּקַד; here the priests 'set' each Kohathite over his designated burden, ensuring orderly and safe porterage.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of καταστήσουσιν→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of καταστήσουσιν.
ἕκαστονeach oneAccusativeaccusative in apposition (distributive: 'each man')→ object specificationἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; the distributive pronoun individualizes the assignment — every Kohathite is given his own specific burden.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to his burden')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to his burden').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναφορὰνburden / load to be carriedAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationἀναφορά: 'a carrying / burden / load'; cognate with ἀναφέρω and ἀναφορεύς ('carrying-pole'); renders מַשָּׂא ('burden'); each man is set to his own assigned portion of the holy load.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
20

καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθωσιν ἰδεῖν ἐξάπινα τὰ ἅγια καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται

and they shall not go in to look suddenly on the holy things, lest they die.

Final prohibition: not to look on the holy things (level 1)καὶ οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθωσιν
The safeguard ends with the sharpest prohibition: the Kohathites must not enter to look (ἰδεῖν) suddenly (ἐξάπινα) on the holy things — that is, before they are covered — καὶ ἀποθανοῦνται ('and they will die'). Even unguarded sight of the uncovered most-holy objects is lethal; the verse seals the chapter's theology of the danger of holiness (cf. 1 Sam 6:19).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with μή, emphatic)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ μή: emphatic double negative with the subjunctive — 'they shall by no means enter to look.'
μὴnotnegative particle (completing οὐ μή)→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσέλθωσινthey may go inAor Act Subj 3 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιsubjunctive with οὐ μή (emphatic prohibition)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (the forbidden entry)εἰσέρχομαι: see v. 5; here the prohibited entry to gaze on the uncovered holy things.
ἰδεῖνto look / to seeAor Act Inf · ὁράωinfinitive of purpose (purpose of entry: 'to look')→ aorist infinitive (the act of looking)ὁράω (aor. inf. ἰδεῖν): 'see / look at'; renders רָאָה; even to look on the uncovered sancta is fatal — the prohibition guards not only touch (v. 15) but sight.
ἐξάπιναsuddenlyadverb of manner (modifying ἰδεῖν: 'see suddenly/unguardedly')→ clausal contributionἐξάπινα: 'suddenly / on a sudden'; renders כְּבַלַּע ('as in a moment / unguardedly'); the adverb suggests a careless or unguarded glance at the holy things before the priests have covered them — even a momentary look is lethal.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholy thingsAccusativedirect object of ἰδεῖν→ object specificationἅγιος (subst. n. pl. ἅγια): 'holy things'; the sacred objects whose unguarded sight is deadly.
καὶand / lestcoordinate conjunction (consequence: 'and [so] they will die')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here introducing the dire consequence; the paratactic 'and they will die' renders a Hebrew consequential construction ('lest they die').
ἀποθανοῦνταιthey shall dieFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (consequence of the forbidden looking)→ predictive future (the certain penalty)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; see v. 15; the future indicative (vs. the subjunctive of v. 15) states the death as the certain consequence of violating the prohibition; the chapter's third death-warning (cf. vv. 15, 19).
21

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-act: the census of Gershon (level 0)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The third occurrence of the speech-formula, now addressed to Moses alone (without Aaron), opens the Gershonite section (vv. 22–28). The shift to Moses-only address tracks the move from the priestly handling of the most-holy things (vv. 5–20, addressed to Moses and Aaron) to the more administrative business of the curtain-bearers.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: see v. 1; here addressed to Moses alone.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct discourse)→ redundant participle of speaking (Hebraism rendering לֵאמֹר)λέγω: see v. 1.
22

λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσων καὶ τούτους κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν

Take the sum of the sons of Gershon also, by their ancestral houses, by their clans;

Imperative content: census of Gershon (level 1)λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν
The command parallels v. 2 (λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον), here with the synonym τὴν ἀρχήν ('the sum / total'). The καὶ τούτους ('these also') links the Gershonite count to the preceding Kohathite one. The distributive formula recurs but with the order of 'houses' and 'clans' reversed from v. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (census imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeλαμβάνω: see v. 2; λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχήν parallels λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον of v. 2.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχὴνsum / totalAccusativedirect object of λαβέ→ object specificationἀρχή: 'beginning / sum / chief part'; here in the census-idiom λαβὲ τὴν ἀρχήν ('take the sum'), a synonym of τὸ κεφάλαιον (v. 2), rendering the Hebrew census-term רֹאשׁ ('head / total').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (partitive: 'of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: transliteration of Hebrew גֵּרְשׁוֹן; indeclinable in the LXX (also spelled Γηρσων); Levi's firstborn son, whose clan bears the tabernacle's curtains and hangings (vv. 24–26).
καὶalsoadverbial conjunction ('these also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adverbial ('also / likewise'), linking the Gershonite census to the Kohathite one already commanded.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object: 'these [count] also')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; καὶ τούτους ('these also') resumes the Gershonites as the object of the census, paralleling the Kohathite reckoning.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; see v. 2.
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
23

ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς ἐπίσκεψαι αὐτούς πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward to fifty years old you shall number them, everyone who enters to minister and to do his works in the tent of witness.

Age-bracket and registration of Gershon (level 2)ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς
The age-range is now compressed into the single adjectives πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς … πεντηκονταετοῦς ('twenty-five-year-old … fifty-year-old'), the LXX's economical reformulation of the fuller phrase in v. 3. The imperative ἐπίσκεψαι ('register / muster them') introduces the census-verb ἐπισκέπτομαι that dominates the totals-section (vv. 34–49).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound of age)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: see v. 3.
πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦςtwenty-five years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: 'from [one] twenty-five years old')→ relational specificationπεντεκαιεικοσαετής: 'twenty-five years old'; a compound adjective (πέντε + καί + εἴκοσι + ἔτος), the LXX's compressed equivalent of the phrase ἀπὸ εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν in v. 3; the genitive marks the lower age-limit.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb ('and above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: see v. 3.
ἕωςup topreposition + genitive (upper bound of age)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: see v. 3.
πεντηκονταετοῦςfifty years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: upper limit)→ relational specificationπεντηκονταετής: 'fifty years old'; compound adjective (πεντήκοντα + ἔτος); the upper age-limit of active service; the compressed counterpart of ἕως πεντήκοντα ἐτῶν (v. 3).
ἐπίσκεψαιnumber / musterAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (census imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (carry out the registration)ἐπισκέπτομαι: 'visit / inspect / muster / number'; renders פָּקַד; the key census-verb of Numbers (the book's Greek title ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ, 'Numbers,' reflects this counting); cognate with ἐπίσκοπος and ἐπισκοπή (v. 16); dominates the totals in vv. 34–49.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπίσκεψαι→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπίσκεψαι.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of the participial clause)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one entering [service]')→ customary present participleεἰσπορεύομαι: see v. 3.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary infinitive (purpose of entering)→ present infinitiveλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining infinitives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖνto doPres Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (coordinate with λειτουργεῖν)→ present infinitive (ongoing performance)ποιέω: see v. 3; here present (vs. the aorist ποιῆσαι of v. 3), stressing the continued doing of the work.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3; here 'his works' — the Gershonite's assigned tasks.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
24

αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Γεδσων λειτουργεῖν καὶ αἴρειν

This is the service of the clan of Gershon: to minister and to carry.

Heading: the charge of Gershon defined (level 1)αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία
A heading-formula (αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία, 'this is the service') paralleling v. 4 introduces the Gershonite charge, summed in the paired infinitives λειτουργεῖν καὶ αἴρειν ('to minister and to carry'). The Gershonites' work is concrete porterage of the soft furnishings, detailed in vv. 25–26.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of nominal clause)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; the cataphoric heading αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία points forward to the catalogue of vv. 25–26.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαservice / ministryNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition with αὕτη)→ participant prominenceλειτουργία: 'service / ministry / liturgy'; cognate with λειτουργέω (v. 3); the assigned cultic labor of the clan; the term structures the Gershonite (vv. 24, 27, 28) and Merarite (v. 33) sections.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμουclanGenitivegenitive (defining λειτουργία: 'service of the clan')→ relational specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with appositive name)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: see v. 22.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωepexegetical infinitive (defining the service)→ present infinitive (ongoing ministry)λειτουργέω: see v. 3; epexegetical to ἡ λειτουργία, defining the charge as ministering and carrying.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining infinitives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἴρεινto carryPres Act Inf · αἴρωepexegetical infinitive (coordinate with λειτουργεῖν)→ present infinitive (ongoing porterage)αἴρω: 'lift / carry'; see v. 15; the Gershonites' service is essentially transport — bearing the tent-curtains and hangings.
25

καὶ ἀρεῖ τὰς δέρρεις τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα τὸ ὑακίνθινον τὸ ὂν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ἄνωθεν καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

And he shall carry the curtains of the tabernacle, and the tent of witness and its covering and the blue covering that is over it from above, and the screen of the door of the tent of witness,

Catalogue of the Gershonite load: the soft furnishings (level 1)καὶ ἀρεῖ τὰς δέρρεις
The Gershonites bear the textile fabric of the sanctuary — the goats'-hair curtains (δέρρεις), the tent of witness itself, its leather covering, the blue over-covering, and the door-screen. Unlike the Kohathite holy things, these need no priestly wrapping; they are simply carried. The singular ἀρεῖ ('he shall carry') is collective for the clan.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρεῖhe shall carryFut Act Indic 3 Sg · αἴρωmain verb (collective singular: the Gershonite clan)→ prescriptive futureαἴρω (fut. ἀρεῖ): 'lift / carry'; see v. 15; the collective singular treats the clan as one bearer of its assigned load.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέρρειςcurtains / tent-clothsAccusativedirect object of ἀρεῖ→ object specificationδέρρις: 'skin-curtain / hair-cloth'; renders יְרִיעָה; the goats'-hair curtains that formed the outer tent over the tabernacle (Exod 26:7); the first item of the Gershonite load.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacleGenitivegenitive (defining δέρρεις: 'curtains of the tabernacle')→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (listing the load)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationσκηνή: see v. 3; here ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου denotes the inner tent-fabric itself, carried by the Gershonites.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνήν)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλυμμαcoveringAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationκάλυμμα: see v. 8; here the leather outer covering of the tent.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the tent's covering)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the tent's covering).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλυμμαcoveringAccusativedirect object (the blue over-covering)→ object specificationκάλυμμα: see v. 8.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑακίνθινονblueAccusativeattributive adjective (color of the covering)→ object specificationὑακίνθινος: see v. 6; the blue over-covering on top of the tent.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὂνthat isPres Act Part Acc Neut Sg · εἰμίattributive participle (modifying κάλυμμα: 'the covering that is over it')→ stative present participle (the covering's position)εἰμί (pres. part. ὤν, ὂν): 'being'; the attributive participle τὸ ὂν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς ('the one that is upon it') locates the blue covering as the topmost layer over the tent.
ἐπ᾿overpreposition + genitive (position, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position, elided).
αὐτῆςitGenitivegenitive object of ἐπ᾿ (= the tent)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐπ᾿ (= the tent).
ἄνωθενfrom aboveadverb of place (position)→ clausal contributionἄνωθεν: see v. 6; locating the blue covering as the uppermost.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλυμμαscreen / coveringAccusativedirect object (the door-screen)→ object specificationκάλυμμα: see v. 8; here the screen of the tent door (renders מָסָךְ, the entrance-curtain).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive (defining κάλυμμα: 'screen of the door')→ relational specificationθύρα: 'door / entrance'; renders פֶּתַח; the doorway of the tent, screened by a curtain (Exod 26:36).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (defining θύρας)→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
26

καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς ὅσα ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὰ περισσὰ καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ λειτουργικά ὅσα λειτουργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ποιήσουσιν

and the hangings of the court, all that are about the tent of witness, and the remaining things, and all the ministering vessels with which they minister — these they shall attend to.

Continues the Gershonite load: the court-hangings and vessels (level 2)καὶ τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς
The Gershonite charge extends to the hangings (ἱστία) of the surrounding court, the surplus materials (τὰ περισσά), and the ministering vessels. The summary verb ποιήσουσιν ('they shall do / attend to') closes the list, emphasizing that the Gershonites are responsible for the full handling of these textiles and gear.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστίαhangingsAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationἱστίον: 'hanging / curtain / sail'; renders קְלָעִים; the linen hangings that screened the courtyard around the tabernacle (Exod 27:9–15).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive (defining ἱστία: 'hangings of the court')→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard / enclosure'; renders חָצֵר; the open court surrounding the tabernacle, screened by linen hangings on pillars.
ὅσαas many as / all thatAccusativerelative pronoun (modifying ἱστία)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; ὅσα ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς ('all that are about the tent') comprehends the full set of court-hangings.
ἐπὶabout / overpreposition + genitive (position around)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: here 'around / about / over,' of the hangings encircling the sanctuary.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περισσὰthe surplus / remaining thingsAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object: 'the leftover items')→ object specificationπερισσός: 'excess / surplus / remaining'; τὰ περισσά ('the surplus things') denotes the additional cords, fittings, or spare materials of the court not otherwise itemized.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationσκεῦος: see v. 10.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with attributive adjective)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργικάministeringAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationλειτουργικός: see v. 12; the vessels used in the Gershonite service of the court.
ὅσαwith whichAccusativerelative pronoun (with resumptive ἐν αὐτοῖς)→ participant referenceὅσος: see v. 12; the Hebraizing relative-with-resumptive construction.
λειτουργοῦσινthey ministerPres Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωverb of relative clause→ customary presentλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (resumptive instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (resumptive instrumental).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative (resumptive pronoun after ὅσα)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative (resumptive pronoun after ὅσα).
ποιήσουσινthey shall do / attend toFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (summary: 'all this they shall handle')→ prescriptive futureποιέω: see v. 3; the summary verb gathering the whole Gershonite charge — 'all these things they shall do/handle.'
27

κατὰ στόμα Ααρων καὶ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἡ λειτουργία τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσων κατὰ πάσας τὰς λειτουργίας αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἀρτὰ δι᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπισκέψῃ αὐτοὺς ἐξ ὀνομάτων πάντα τὰ ἀρτὰ ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν

According to the command of Aaron and his sons shall be the service of the sons of Gershon, in all their ministries and in all that is carried by them; and you shall register them by name — all that is carried by them.

Subordination of Gershon to the priests (level 1)κατὰ στόμα Ααρων
The Gershonite service is wholly subordinate to priestly direction: κατὰ στόμα Ααρων ('according to the mouth/command of Aaron') is a Hebraism (עַל־פִּי) for authoritative instruction. Each man's load (τὰ ἀρτά, 'the things carried') is to be registered ἐξ ὀνομάτων ('by name'), ensuring exact accountability for every item of the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (in the idiom 'according to the command')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: in κατὰ στόμα ('according to the mouth') it renders עַל־פִּי ('at the command of'), a Hebraism for authoritative direction.
στόμαmouth / commandAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; in κατὰ στόμα = 'at the command / by the order of'; the Hebraism makes Aaron's spoken word the controlling authority over the Gershonite service.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (coordinate with Ααρων)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 5.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula: 'the service shall be [under priestly command]')→ prescriptive futureεἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; the copula links the Gershonite service to its governing authority.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαserviceNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceλειτουργία: see v. 24.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining λειτουργία)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: see v. 22.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πάσαςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰς λειτουργίας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαςministriesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationλειτουργία: see v. 24; the plural here denotes the various ministerial tasks of the Gershonites.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἀρτά)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρτὰthings carriedAccusativesubstantival verbal adjective (object: 'the things to be carried')→ object specificationἀρτός (verbal adj. of αἴρω): 'carried / to be lifted'; τὰ ἀρτά ('the things carried') is a rare neuter-plural verbal adjective denoting the loads borne by the Gershonites; cognate with αἴρω and ἀναφορά (v. 19).
δι᾿bypreposition + genitive (agency: 'by them', elided)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: here of agency/instrumentality ('through / by them').
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of δι᾿ (agency)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of δι᾿ (agency).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκέψῃyou shall registerFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (directive to Moses: register them)→ prescriptive future (directive)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23; here Moses is to register each Gershonite and his assigned load by name.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπισκέψῃ→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπισκέψῃ.
ἐξby / frompreposition + genitive (in the idiom 'by name')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): in ἐξ ὀνομάτων ('by name / name by name') it renders בְּשֵׁמוֹת ('by names'), marking individual registration.
ὀνομάτωνnamesGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ ('by name')→ relational specificationὄνομα (pl. ὀνομάτων): 'name'; ἐξ ὀνομάτων = 'by name,' ensuring each man and his charge are individually accounted for.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἀρτά)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρτὰthings carriedAccusativesubstantival verbal adjective (object of the registration)→ object specificationἀρτός (verbal adj. of αἴρω): see above; the loads to be itemized in the register.
ὑπ᾿bypreposition + genitive (agency: 'by them', elided)→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + gen.: of agency ('carried by them').
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of ὑπ᾿ (agency)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ὑπ᾿ (agency).
28

αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία τῶν υἱῶν Γεδσων ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἡ φυλακὴ αὐτῶν ἐν χειρὶ Ιθαμαρ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως

This is the service of the sons of Gershon in the tent of witness, and their charge is under the hand of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.

Closing summary of the Gershonite section (level 1)αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία
A closing-formula (αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία) rounds off the Gershonite charge, placing their φυλακή ('watch / responsibility') under the hand (ἐν χειρί, a Hebraism for authority) of Ithamar, Aaron's younger priestly son, who likewise oversees the Merarites (v. 33).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; the summary-formula closing the section.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαserviceNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceλειτουργία: see v. 24.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining λειτουργία)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: see v. 22.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὴcharge / watchNominativesubject (of implied copula: 'their charge [is] under Ithamar')→ participant prominenceφυλακή: 'guard / watch / charge'; renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת ('keeping / charge'); the assigned responsibility entrusted to the clan, here placed under priestly supervision.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνin / underpreposition + dative (Hebraism: 'under the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: 'in/under the hand of'; renders בְּיַד ('by the agency/authority of'), a Hebraism for delegated authority.
χειρὶhandDativedative (in the idiom ἐν χειρί: 'under the authority')→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; in ἐν χειρί = 'under the supervision/authority of'; the same idiom marks Moses' mediation in vv. 37, 41, 45, 49.
ΙθαμαρIthamargenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, object of ἐν χειρί)→ participant identificationΙθαμαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אִיתָמָר; indeclinable; Aaron's fourth and youngest son (Exod 6:23), placed in charge of the Gershonite and Merarite (v. 33) clans' service.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιθαμαρ→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2; identifying Ithamar's lineage.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ααρων ('Aaron the priest')→ relational specificationἱερεύς: see v. 16.
29

υἱοὶ Μεραρι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτούς

The sons of Merari — by their clans, by their ancestral houses, you shall number them;

Opens the Merarite section (level 1)υἱοὶ Μεραρι
The third clan, Merari, is introduced with the fronted nominative υἱοὶ Μεραρι. The plural imperative ἐπισκέψασθε ('register them,' addressed to Moses and Aaron) and the standard distributive formula match the openings of the Kohathite and Gershonite counts.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (fronted nominative, casus pendens)→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 2; οἱ υἱοὶ Μεραρι, the Merarite clan.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜεραρι: transliteration of Hebrew מְרָרִי; indeclinable in the LXX; Levi's third son, whose clan bears the structural frame of the tabernacle — boards, bars, pillars, and sockets (vv. 31–32).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπισκέψασθεnumber / registerAor Mid Impv 2 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (census imperative, plural)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23; the plural imperative addresses the census-takers (Moses and Aaron).
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπισκέψασθε→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπισκέψασθε.
30

ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτούς πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward to fifty years old you shall number them, everyone who enters to minister at the works of the tent of witness.

Age-bracket of Merari (level 2)ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς
The age-range formula recurs verbatim from v. 23 (the compressed adjectives), with the plural imperative ἐπισκέψασθε. Here λειτουργεῖν takes a direct object (τὰ ἔργα) rather than the infinitive ποιεῖν, slightly varying the formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: see v. 3.
πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦςtwenty-five years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: lower limit)→ relational specificationπεντεκαιεικοσαετής: see v. 23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: see v. 3.
ἕωςup topreposition + genitive (upper bound)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: see v. 3.
πεντηκονταετοῦςfifty years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: upper limit)→ relational specificationπεντηκονταετής: see v. 23.
ἐπισκέψασθεnumberAor Mid Impv 2 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (census imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of participial clause)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participleεἰσπορεύομαι: see v. 3.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary infinitive (here taking a direct object)→ present infinitiveλειτουργέω: see v. 3; here construed transitively with τὰ ἔργα ('to minister the works').
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of λειτουργεῖν→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργα)→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
31

καὶ ταῦτα τὰ φυλάγματα τῶν αἰρομένων ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου τὰς κεφαλίδας τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τοὺς μοχλοὺς καὶ τοὺς στύλους αὐτῆς καὶ τὰς βάσεις αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ στύλοι αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ κατακάλυμμα τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς

And these are the charges of the things to be carried by them, according to all their works in the tent of witness: the boards of the tabernacle and its bars and its pillars and its sockets, and the covering and their sockets and their pillars, and the covering of the door of the tent,

Catalogue of the Merarite load: the structural frame (level 1)καὶ ταῦτα τὰ φυλάγματα
The heading ταῦτα τὰ φυλάγματα ('these are the charges') introduces the Merarite load — the rigid wooden and metal skeleton of the tabernacle: boards, bars, pillars, sockets, and the door-covering. The articular participle τῶν αἰρομένων ('the things carried') again ties the charge to porterage (αἴρω).
Word-by-word analysis· 51 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject, cataphoric heading)→ participant referenceοὗτος: see v. 4; the heading-formula introducing the Merarite catalogue.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάγματαcharges / things to keepNominativepredicate nominative (in apposition with ταῦτα)→ participant prominenceφύλαγμα: 'thing guarded / charge / deposit'; cognate with φυλακή (v. 28) and φυλάσσω; renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת; the items committed to the Merarites' keeping and transport.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰρομένωνthings carriedPres Pass Part Gen Neut Pl · αἴρωsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of the things carried')→ customary passive participle (the loads habitually borne)αἴρω (pres. pass. part.): 'be lifted / carried'; τῶν αἰρομένων ('the things carried') is the passive counterpart of the active αἴρω; the Merarite load is defined precisely as the items borne by them (cf. v. 32, 47).
ὑπ᾿bypreposition + genitive (agency, elided)→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + gen.: of agency ('carried by them').
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive of agency→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of agency.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ ἔργα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλίδαςboards / framesAccusativedirect object (item of the load, in apposition to φυλάγματα)→ object specificationκεφαλίς: 'head-piece / board / capital'; here renders קֶרֶשׁ ('frame / board'), the upright acacia frames of the tabernacle (Exod 26:15–29); the first structural item of the Merarite load.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtabernacleGenitivegenitive (defining κεφαλίδας)→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοχλοὺςbarsAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationμοχλός: 'bar / crossbar / bolt'; renders בְּרִיחַ; the horizontal bars that held the tabernacle frames together (Exod 26:26–29).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; renders עַמּוּד; the posts supporting the veil and the door-screen (Exod 26:32, 37).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the tabernacle's)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the tabernacle's).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςsockets / basesAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationβάσις: 'base / socket / pedestal'; see v. 14; renders אֶדֶן, the silver sockets in which the tabernacle frames and pillars stood (Exod 26:19).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακάλυμμαcoveringAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationκατακάλυμμα: 'covering'; see v. 6; here a structural covering associated with the frame.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (nominative within an enumerative list)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςsocketsNominativenominative (listed item; the case shifts in the enumeration)→ participant prominenceβάσις: see v. 14; the nominative αἱ βάσεις (vs. the accusatives elsewhere) reflects loose Hebraizing enumeration, where the listed items are simply named.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλοιpillarsNominativenominative (listed item)→ participant prominenceστῦλος: see above; again nominative in the enumeration.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακάλυμμαcovering / screenAccusativedirect object (the door-screen)→ object specificationκατακάλυμμα: see v. 6; here the covering/screen of the tent door.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorGenitivegenitive (defining κατακάλυμμα)→ relational specificationθύρα: see v. 25.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (defining θύρας)→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
32

καὶ τοὺς στύλους τῆς αὐλῆς κύκλῳ καὶ αἱ βάσεις αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς στύλους τοῦ καταπετάσματος τῆς πύλης τῆς αὐλῆς καὶ τὰς βάσεις αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς πασσάλους αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς κάλους αὐτῶν καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῶν καὶ πάντα τὰ λειτουργήματα αὐτῶν ἐξ ὀνομάτων ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτοὺς καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τῆς φυλακῆς τῶν αἰρομένων ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν

and the pillars of the court round about and their sockets, and the pillars of the screen of the gate of the court and their sockets, and their pegs and their cords, and all their equipment and all their service-implements — by name you shall register them and all the equipment of the charge of the things carried by them.

Continues the Merarite load: the court frame and fastenings (level 2)καὶ τοὺς στύλους τῆς αὐλῆς
The catalogue extends to the courtyard's pillars and their sockets, the gate-screen's pillars, and the fastenings — pegs (πασσάλους) and cords (κάλους) — together with all equipment. The command ἐξ ὀνομάτων ἐπισκέψασθε ('register by name') matches the Gershonite directive of v. 27, demanding itemized accountability for the whole structural inventory.
Word-by-word analysis· 55 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationστῦλος: see v. 31; the posts of the courtyard.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive (defining στύλους)→ relational specificationαὐλή: see v. 26.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb (the pillars 'round about' the court)→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'in a circle / round about'; an adverbial dative used adverbially; renders סָבִיב; the pillars encircle the courtyard.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (nominative in enumeration)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςsocketsNominativenominative (listed item)→ participant prominenceβάσις: see v. 14; nominative in the loose enumeration.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillarsAccusativedirect object (the gate-screen pillars)→ object specificationστῦλος: see v. 31.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταπετάσματοςscreen / curtainGenitivegenitive (defining στύλους: 'pillars of the screen')→ relational specificationκαταπέτασμα: 'curtain / screen'; see v. 5; here the screen of the courtyard gate (renders מָסָךְ).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςgateGenitivegenitive (defining καταπετάσματος)→ relational specificationπύλη: 'gate / entrance'; renders שַׁעַר; the entrance to the courtyard (Exod 27:16).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtGenitivegenitive (defining πύλης)→ relational specificationαὐλή: see v. 26.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάσειςsocketsAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationβάσις: see v. 14.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασσάλουςpegs / tent-pinsAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationπάσσαλος: 'peg / pin / stake'; renders יָתֵד; the tent-pegs that anchored the tabernacle and court hangings (Exod 27:19; 38:20).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλουςcords / ropesAccusativedirect object (item of the load)→ object specificationκάλως: 'rope / cord / cable'; renders מֵיתָר; the cords that tensioned the tent and hangings against the pegs (Exod 35:18).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηequipment / gearAccusativedirect object→ object specificationσκεῦος: see v. 10; here the fittings and gear of the frame.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ λειτουργήματα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργήματαservice-implementsAccusativedirect object→ object specificationλειτούργημα: 'instrument of service / liturgical implement'; cognate with λειτουργέω; the tools used in the Merarite service of the frame.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐξbypreposition + genitive (in the idiom 'by name')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ): see v. 27; ἐξ ὀνομάτων = 'by name.'
ὀνομάτωνnamesGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ ('by name')→ relational specificationὄνομα: see v. 27.
ἐπισκέψασθεregisterAor Mid Impv 2 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (census imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23; the itemized registration of the Merarite charge.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπισκέψασθε→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπισκέψασθε.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τὰ σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηequipmentAccusativedirect object (coordinate with αὐτούς)→ object specificationσκεῦος: see v. 10.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακῆςcharge / keepingGenitivegenitive (defining σκεύη: 'equipment of the charge')→ relational specificationφυλακή: see v. 28; here the Merarite charge of items in their keeping.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰρομένωνthings carriedPres Pass Part Gen Neut Pl · αἴρωsubstantival participle (genitive: 'of the things carried')→ customary passive participleαἴρω (pres. pass. part.): see v. 31; the loads borne by the Merarites.
ὑπ᾿bypreposition + genitive (agency, elided)→ spatial or relational framingὑπό + gen.: of agency.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive of agency→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of agency.
33

αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία δήμου υἱῶν Μεραρι ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν χειρὶ Ιθαμαρ υἱοῦ Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως

This is the service of the clan of the sons of Merari, in all their works in the tent of witness, under the hand of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.

Closing summary of the Merarite section (level 1)αὕτη ἡ λειτουργία
The summary-formula closes the Merarite charge exactly as v. 28 closed the Gershonite, again placing their service under the hand of Ithamar. The parallel framing (Gershon and Merari both under Ithamar) rounds off the assignment of the two 'structural/textile' clans, distinct from the Kohathites under Eleazar (v. 16).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 24.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργίαserviceNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceλειτουργία: see v. 24.
δήμουof the clanGenitivegenitive (defining λειτουργία)→ relational specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining δήμου)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜεραρι: see v. 29.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjective (modifying τοῖς ἔργοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all'.
τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςworksDativedative of sphere ('in all their works')→ sphere or referenceἔργον: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
ἐνunderpreposition + dative (Hebraism: 'under the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: see v. 28.
χειρὶhandDativedative (in the idiom ἐν χειρί)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: see v. 28.
ΙθαμαρIthamargenitive of relationship (indeclinable, object of ἐν χειρί)→ participant identificationΙθαμαρ: see v. 28.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ιθαμαρ→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΑαρωνAarongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ααρων→ relational specificationἱερεύς: see v. 16.
34

καὶ ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες Ισραηλ τοὺς υἱοὺς Κααθ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν

And Moses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel numbered the sons of Kohath by their clans, by their ancestral houses,

Execution of the census: Kohath counted (level 0)καὶ ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς
The narrative now reports the carrying-out of the commanded census. The aorist ἐπεσκέψατο ('numbered') shifts from the prescriptive futures and imperatives of the preceding sections to historical narration. The rulers of Israel (οἱ ἄρχοντες) join Moses and Aaron, lending the count tribal authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεσκέψατοnumberedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (singular agreeing with the nearer subject Μωυσῆς)→ constative aorist (the census carried out)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23; the aorist narrates the actual execution of the muster; the singular verb agrees with the first-named subject (Moses).
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulers / chiefsNominativesubject (compound with Moses and Aaron)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / leader'; renders נָשִׂיא ('chieftain'); the tribal princes who assisted in the census (cf. Num 1:4–16); their participation gives the count communal authority.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here 'the rulers of Israel,' the tribal heads.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativedirect object of ἐπεσκέψατο→ object specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΚααθ: see v. 2.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
35

ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward to fifty years old, everyone who enters to minister and to serve in the tent of witness;

Age-bracket applied to the Kohathite count (level 2)ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς
The age-formula recurs (cf. vv. 23, 30) to define the counted Kohathites, now in the narrative report. The paired infinitives λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν ('to minister and to serve') sum the qualifying activity without a direct object.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: see v. 3.
πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦςtwenty-five years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: lower limit)→ relational specificationπεντεκαιεικοσαετής: see v. 23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: see v. 3.
ἕωςup topreposition + genitive (upper bound)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: see v. 3.
πεντηκονταετοῦςfifty years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: upper limit)→ relational specificationπεντηκονταετής: see v. 23.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of participial clause)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participleεἰσπορεύομαι: see v. 3.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary infinitive→ present infinitiveλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖνto serve / to doPres Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (coordinate with λειτουργεῖν)→ present infinitiveποιέω: see v. 3.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
36

καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν δισχίλιοι διακόσιοι πεντήκοντα

and their numbering by their clans was two thousand seven hundred fifty.

Result: the Kohathite total (level 1)καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The first clan-total is reported: the Kohathites number 2,750 (δισχίλιοι διακόσιοι πεντήκοντα — literally 'two thousand two hundred fifty'; the traditional English rendering 'two thousand seven hundred fifty' follows the MT's וּשְׁבַע מֵאוֹת). The noun ἐπίσκεψις ('numbering / census-result') is cognate with ἐπισκέπτομαι.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοwas / came to beAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (existential: 'the numbering was')→ constative aorist (the resulting total)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; renders הָיָה; the idiom καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις ('the numbering came to be / amounted to') introduces each clan-total (cf. vv. 40, 44).
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumbering / censusNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'numbering / census / mustering'; cognate with ἐπισκέπτομαι (v. 23); the result of the count; the recurring term for each clan-total.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δισχίλιοιtwo thousandNominativenumeral (predicate of ἐπίσκεψις)→ participant prominenceδισχίλιοι: 'two thousand'; the first component of the Kohathite total.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredNominativenumeral (coordinate with δισχίλιοι)→ participant prominenceδιακόσιοι: 'two hundred'; the LXX reads 'two hundred' where the MT has 'seven hundred' (שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת); a numerical divergence between the textual traditions.
πεντήκονταfiftynumeral (indeclinable, completing the total)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; completing the Kohathite total of 2,250 in the LXX (2,750 in the MT).
37

αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις δήμου Κααθ πᾶς ὁ λειτουργῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου καθὰ ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ

This is the numbering of the clan of Kohath, everyone who ministers in the tent of witness, just as Moses and Aaron numbered them by the voice of the LORD, by the hand of Moses.

Summary of the Kohathite census (level 1)αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
A summary-formula seals the Kohathite count. The key theological phrase διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ('by the voice of the LORD') makes the census not a bureaucratic act but a divinely commanded one; ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ ('by the hand of Moses') marks Moses as the mediating agent. Both phrases recur at vv. 41, 45, 49.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 24.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: see v. 36.
δήμουof the clanGenitivegenitive (defining ἐπίσκεψις)→ relational specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
ΚααθKohathgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΚααθ: see v. 2.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (in apposition: 'everyone who ministers')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργῶνministeringPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λειτουργέωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one who ministers')→ customary present participleλειτουργέω: see v. 3; πᾶς ὁ λειτουργῶν ('everyone who ministers') defines the counted as those on active service.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction ('according as')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the comparison affirming the census was done exactly as commanded.
ἐπεσκέψατοnumberedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of comparative clause→ constative aoristἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐπεσκέψατο→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
διὰby / throughpreposition + genitive (means: 'by the voice')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: 'through / by means of'; διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ('by the voice of the LORD') renders עַל־פִּי יהוה ('at the mouth/command of YHWH'), grounding the census in divine command.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of διά (means)→ relational specificationφωνή: 'voice / sound'; renders פֶּה / קוֹל; here the authoritative spoken command of YHWH that directs the census.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (defining φωνῆς: 'voice of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1; the census proceeds 'by the voice of YHWH.'
ἐνbypreposition + dative (Hebraism: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: see v. 28; here 'by the agency of Moses.'
χειρὶhandDativedative (in the idiom ἐν χειρί)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: see v. 28.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive (object of ἐν χειρί: 'by the hand of Moses')→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς (gen. Μωυσῆ): see v. 1; Moses is the human agent through whom the divinely commanded census is enacted.
38

καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν υἱοὶ Γεδσων κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν

And the sons of Gershon were numbered by their clans, by their ancestral houses,

Execution of the census: Gershon counted (level 0)καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν υἱοὶ Γεδσων
The passive ἐπεσκέπησαν ('were numbered') reports the Gershonite count, shifting from the active ἐπεσκέψατο of the Kohathite report (v. 34) to a passive construction with the clan as subject. The same distributive formula structures the reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεσκέπησανwere numberedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (passive: 'were registered')→ constative aorist passive (the count carried out)ἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass. ἐπεσκέπησαν): see v. 23; the passive presents the Gershonites as the registered subjects of the census.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐπεσκέπησαν→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 2.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: see v. 22.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
39

ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν τὰ ἔργα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward to fifty years old, everyone who enters to minister and to do the works in the tent of witness;

Age-bracket applied to the Gershonite count (level 2)ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς
The age-formula recurs, here with the fuller λειτουργεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν τὰ ἔργα ('to minister and to do the works'), matching the eligibility clause of v. 23.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: see v. 3.
πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦςtwenty-five years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: lower limit)→ relational specificationπεντεκαιεικοσαετής: see v. 23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: see v. 3.
ἕωςup topreposition + genitive (upper bound)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: see v. 3.
πεντηκονταετοῦςfifty years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: upper limit)→ relational specificationπεντηκονταετής: see v. 23.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participleεἰσπορεύομαι: see v. 3.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary infinitive→ present infinitiveλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖνto doPres Act Inf · ποιέωcomplementary infinitive (coordinate)→ present infinitiveποιέω: see v. 3.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιεῖν→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
40

καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν δισχίλιοι ἑξακόσιοι τριάκοντα

and their numbering by their clans, by their ancestral houses, was two thousand six hundred thirty.

Result: the Gershonite total (level 1)καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The second clan-total: the Gershonites number 2,630 (δισχίλιοι ἑξακόσιοι τριάκοντα). The total-formula matches v. 36, with the added distributive κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοwasAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: see v. 36.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: see v. 36.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δισχίλιοιtwo thousandNominativenumeral (predicate of ἐπίσκεψις)→ participant prominenceδισχίλιοι: see v. 36.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativenumeral (coordinate)→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; the second component of the Gershonite total.
τριάκονταthirtynumeral (indeclinable, completing the total)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; indeclinable; completing the Gershonite total of 2,630.
41

αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις δήμου υἱῶν Γεδσων πᾶς ὁ λειτουργῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ

This is the numbering of the clan of the sons of Gershon, everyone who ministers in the tent of witness, whom Moses and Aaron numbered by the voice of the LORD, by the hand of Moses.

Summary of the Gershonite census (level 1)αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The Gershonite summary parallels v. 37, here with the relative οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο ('whom they numbered') instead of the comparative καθά. The divine-command phrases διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου and ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ recur, binding each clan-count to YHWH's word through Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 24.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: see v. 36.
δήμουof the clanGenitivegenitive (defining ἐπίσκεψις)→ relational specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining δήμου)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΓεδσωνGershongenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓεδσων: see v. 22.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (in apposition)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λειτουργῶνministeringPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λειτουργέωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participleλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπεσκέψατο)→ participant referenceὅς (acc. pl. οὕς): relative pronoun; introduces the relative clause affirming the count was done by Moses and Aaron.
ἐπεσκέψατοnumberedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐπεσκέψατο→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: see v. 37.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of διά→ relational specificationφωνή: see v. 37.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (defining φωνῆς)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (Hebraism: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: see v. 28.
χειρὶhandDativedative (in the idiom ἐν χειρί)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: see v. 28.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive (object of ἐν χειρί)→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: see v. 37.
42

ἐπεσκέπησαν δὲ καὶ δῆμος υἱῶν Μεραρι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν

And the clan of the sons of Merari also was numbered by their clans, by their ancestral houses,

Execution of the census: Merari counted (level 0)ἐπεσκέπησαν δὲ καὶ
The Merarite count is introduced with δὲ καί ('and also'), marking the third and final clan. A constructio ad sensum: the plural verb ἐπεσκέπησαν agrees by sense with the collective δῆμος ('clan'), reflecting the many individuals counted.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐπεσκέπησανwere numberedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (plural by sense with collective δῆμος)→ constative aorist passiveἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23; the plural verb with the singular collective δῆμος is a constructio ad sensum (agreement by meaning).
δὲand / nownarrative continuative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive particle; here with καί ('and also') marking the transition to the third clan.
καὶalsoadverbial conjunction ('also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: adverbial 'also,' adding Merari to the clans already counted.
δῆμοςclanNominativesubject (collective: 'the clan')→ participant prominenceδῆμος: see v. 2; the collective subject taking a plural verb by sense.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining δῆμος)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜεραρι: see v. 29.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
43

ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος λειτουργεῖν πρὸς τὰ ἔργα τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward to fifty years old, everyone who enters to minister at the works of the tent of witness;

Age-bracket applied to the Merarite count (level 2)ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς
The age-formula recurs a final time for Merari, here with λειτουργεῖν πρὸς τὰ ἔργα ('to minister toward/at the works'), a slight variation using πρός with the accusative.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: see v. 3.
πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦςtwenty-five years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: lower limit)→ relational specificationπεντεκαιεικοσαετής: see v. 23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: see v. 3.
ἕωςup topreposition + genitive (upper bound)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: see v. 3.
πεντηκονταετοῦςfifty years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: upper limit)→ relational specificationπεντηκονταετής: see v. 23.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participleεἰσπορεύομαι: see v. 3.
λειτουργεῖνto ministerPres Act Inf · λειτουργέωcomplementary infinitive→ present infinitiveλειτουργέω: see v. 3.
πρὸςat / towardpreposition + accusative (direction/reference: 'at the works')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: here 'with reference to / at,' marking the works as the object of the ministry.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (defining ἔργα)→ relational specificationσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῆς)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
44

καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν τρισχίλιοι καὶ διακόσιοι

and their numbering by their clans, by their ancestral houses, was three thousand two hundred.

Result: the Merarite total (level 1)καὶ ἐγενήθη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The third clan-total: the Merarites number 3,200 (τρισχίλιοι καὶ διακόσιοι), the largest of the three clans. The passive ἐγενήθη ('came to be') varies the ἐγένετο of vv. 36, 40.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηwas / came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (existential)→ constative aorist passiveγίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): see v. 36; the passive form is a stylistic variant of the middle ἐγένετο.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativesubject of ἐγενήθη→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: see v. 36.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρισχίλιοιthree thousandNominativenumeral (predicate of ἐπίσκεψις)→ participant prominenceτρισχίλιοι: 'three thousand'; the first component of the Merarite total.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredNominativenumeral (coordinate with τρισχίλιοι)→ participant prominenceδιακόσιοι: see v. 36; completing the Merarite total of 3,200.
45

αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις δήμου υἱῶν Μεραρι οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ

This is the numbering of the clan of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered by the voice of the LORD, by the hand of Moses.

Summary of the Merarite census (level 1)αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The Merarite summary completes the per-clan series, again grounding the count in YHWH's word through Moses (διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου … ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ). Unlike vv. 37, 41, it omits the πᾶς ὁ λειτουργῶν clause, moving directly to the divine-command formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): see v. 24.
theNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativepredicate nominative→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: see v. 36.
δήμουof the clanGenitivegenitive (defining ἐπίσκεψις)→ relational specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining δήμου)→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2.
ΜεραριMerarigenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜεραρι: see v. 29.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπεσκέψατο)→ participant referenceὅς: see v. 41.
ἐπεσκέψατοnumberedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐπεσκέψατο→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: see v. 37.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of διά→ relational specificationφωνή: see v. 37.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (defining φωνῆς)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (Hebraism: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: see v. 28.
χειρὶhandDativedative (in the idiom ἐν χειρί)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: see v. 28.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive (object of ἐν χειρί)→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: see v. 37.
46

πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι οὓς ἐπεσκέψατο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες Ισραηλ τοὺς Λευίτας κατὰ δήμους κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν

All those numbered, whom Moses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel numbered — the Levites — by clans, by their ancestral houses,

Grand total: all the Levites numbered together (level 0)πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι
The chapter moves to the aggregate count of all three clans. The perfect participle οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ('those who have been numbered') gathers the registered Levites as a settled total. The rulers of Israel again join Moses and Aaron (cf. v. 34), authorizing the grand reckoning of vv. 47–48.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πάντεςallNominativeattributive adjective (modifying οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensive total of registered Levites.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'those who have been numbered')→ perfect participle (the completed, registered state)ἐπισκέπτομαι (perf. part. ἐπεσκεμμένοι): see v. 23; the perfect stresses the settled result — those now standing registered on the rolls.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπεσκέψατο)→ participant referenceὅς: see v. 41.
ἐπεσκέψατοnumberedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of relative clause (singular with nearer subject)→ constative aoristἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐπεσκέψατο→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: see v. 1.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersNominativesubject (compound with Moses and Aaron)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 34.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 34.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταςLevitesAccusativedirect object in apposition (the numbered = the Levites)→ object specificationΛευίτης: see v. 18; here the whole body of registered Levites, summed across the three clans.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςclansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: see v. 2.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
47

ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ἕως πεντηκονταετοῦς πᾶς ὁ εἰσπορευόμενος πρὸς τὸ ἔργον τῶν ἔργων καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὰ αἰρόμενα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου

from twenty-five years old and upward to fifty years old, everyone who enters to the work of the works and the carrying-works in the tent of witness;

Age-bracket applied to the grand total (level 2)ἀπὸ πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦς
The age-formula frames the aggregate count. The striking phrase τὸ ἔργον τῶν ἔργων ('the work of the works') is a Hebraizing superlative-type genitive (like ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων, v. 4), denoting the central, principal labor; τὰ ἔργα τὰ αἰρόμενα ('the carrying-works') again ties the whole Levitical service to porterage (αἴρω).
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: see v. 3.
πεντεκαιεικοσαετοῦςtwenty-five years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: lower limit)→ relational specificationπεντεκαιεικοσαετής: see v. 23.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: see v. 3.
ἕωςup topreposition + genitive (upper bound)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: see v. 3.
πεντηκονταετοῦςfifty years oldGenitivesubstantival adjective (genitive of age: upper limit)→ relational specificationπεντηκονταετής: see v. 23.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantival adjective (subject)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 3.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰσπορευόμενοςenteringPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · εἰσπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participleεἰσπορεύομαι: see v. 3.
πρὸςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose/reference)→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'to / for / with reference to'; here marking the work as the object of entry into service.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονworkAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3; in τὸ ἔργον τῶν ἔργων ('the work of the works') it denotes the principal or central labor.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworksGenitivesuperlative-type genitive (Hebraism: 'the work of the works')→ relational specificationἔργον (gen. pl. ἔργων): the iterated genitive τὸ ἔργον τῶν ἔργων ('the work of the works') is a Hebraizing superlative idiom (cf. ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων, v. 4), marking the chief and most demanding labor of the sanctuary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object: 'the carrying-works')→ object specificationἔργον: see v. 3.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰρόμεναcarrying / to be carriedPres Pass Part Acc Neut Pl · αἴρωattributive participle (modifying ἔργα: 'the works of carrying')→ customary passive participle (the porterage-tasks)αἴρω (pres. pass. part.): see v. 31; τὰ ἔργα τὰ αἰρόμενα ('the carrying-works') defines the Levitical labor as essentially the bearing of the tabernacle's load.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: see v. 3.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῇ)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 3.
48

καὶ ἐγενήθησαν οἱ ἐπισκεπέντες ὀκτακισχίλιοι πεντακόσιοι ὀγδοήκοντα

and those numbered were eight thousand five hundred eighty.

The grand total of all Levites (level 1)καὶ ἐγενήθησαν οἱ ἐπισκεπέντες
The climactic aggregate: 8,580 Levites fit for service (ὀκτακισχίλιοι πεντακόσιοι ὀγδοήκοντα), the sum of Kohath (2,750 MT / 2,250 LXX-as-written), Gershon (2,630), and Merari (3,200). The aorist passive participle οἱ ἐπισκεπέντες ('those who were numbered') sums the whole registered body.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθησανwere / came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential: 'those numbered were')→ constative aorist passiveγίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθησαν): see v. 36; the plural reports the aggregate count.
οἱtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκεπέντεςthose numberedAor Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the ones numbered')→ aorist passive participle (the completed registration)ἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass. part. ἐπισκεπέντες): see v. 23; the registered total of all three Levitical clans.
ὀκτακισχίλιοιeight thousandNominativenumeral (predicate)→ participant prominenceὀκτακισχίλιοι: 'eight thousand'; the first component of the grand total.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral (coordinate)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the second component of the grand total.
ὀγδοήκονταeightynumeral (indeclinable, completing the total)→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'; indeclinable; completing the grand Levitical total of 8,580 — the sum of the three clan-totals (2,750 + 2,630 + 3,200).
49

διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ἐπεσκέψατο αὐτοὺς ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ ἄνδρα κατ᾿ ἄνδρα ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπὶ ὧν αἴρουσιν αὐτοί καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

By the voice of the LORD he numbered them by the hand of Moses, man by man, over their works and over what they carry; and they were numbered, just as the LORD commanded Moses.

Closing summary: the whole census fulfilled by divine command (level 0)διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου ἐπεσκέψατο
The chapter ends as it counted — διὰ φωνῆς κυρίου … ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ ('by the voice of the LORD, by the hand of Moses'). The individualizing ἄνδρα κατ᾿ ἄνδρα ('man by man') stresses exact personal registration, each man set over his work and his load (ἐπὶ ὧν αἴρουσιν). The closing obedience-formula ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος ('just as the LORD commanded') seals the whole census as faithful execution of the divine word.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: see v. 37; the chapter's final restatement of the divine-command formula.
φωνῆςvoiceGenitivegenitive object of διά→ relational specificationφωνή: see v. 37.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (defining φωνῆς)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1.
ἐπεσκέψατοhe numberedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (subject implied: Moses / 'he')→ constative aorist (the completed census)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 23; the implied subject is Moses, acting on YHWH's command; the singular caps the whole counting-action of the chapter.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπεσκέψατο→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπεσκέψατο.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (Hebraism: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν χειρί: see v. 28.
χειρὶhandDativedative (in the idiom ἐν χειρί)→ sphere or referenceχείρ: see v. 28.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive (object of ἐν χειρί)→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: see v. 37.
ἄνδραmanAccusativeaccusative (in the distributive idiom ἄνδρα κατ᾿ ἄνδρα)→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. ἄνδρα): 'man'; in ἄνδρα κατ᾿ ἄνδρα ('man by man') a distributive idiom rendering אִישׁ אִישׁ, stressing individual registration.
κατ᾿by / according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; ἄνδρα κατ᾿ ἄνδρα = 'man by man / each individual.'
ἄνδραmanAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (completing the distributive idiom)→ object specificationἀνήρ: see above.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (oversight: 'over their works')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'over / in charge of'; each man is set over his designated work.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworksGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationἔργον: see v. 3; each man's assigned task.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (oversight: 'over what they carry')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: see above.
ὧνwhatGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive by attraction: 'the things which')→ relational specificationὅς (gen. pl. ὧν): relative pronoun, attracted into the genitive of the implied antecedent ('the things') governed by ἐπί; 'over what they carry.'
αἴρουσινthey carryPres Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωverb of relative clause→ customary present (their habitual porterage)αἴρω: 'lift / carry'; see v. 15; the chapter's last occurrence of the key porterage-verb, summing each man's appointed load.
αὐτοίthey themselvesNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (of αἴρουσιν)→ participant referenceαὐτός: the emphatic nominative αὐτοί ('they themselves') stresses that the Levites personally bear their assigned loads.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεσκέπησανthey were numberedAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (passive: 'they were registered')→ constative aorist passive (the accomplished census)ἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass.): see v. 23; the final statement that the count was duly accomplished.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (in the idiom ὃν τρόπον: 'in the manner which')→ participant referenceὅς (acc. ὅν): relative; ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') is an adverbial accusative idiom rendering כַּאֲשֶׁר ('according as').
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeadverbial accusative (in the idiom ὃν τρόπον: 'in the manner that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; ὃν τρόπον = 'just as'; introduces the obedience-formula confirming exact conformity to YHWH's command.
συνέταξενcommanded / orderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause ('as the LORD commanded')→ constative aorist (the prior divine command)συντάσσω: 'arrange / command / order'; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb of divine instruction; the obedience-formula ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος ('just as the LORD commanded') seals the chapter as faithful execution.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton יהוה; see v. 1; the ultimate author of the census-command.
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν ('commanded to Moses')→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): see v. 1; the recipient of the divine command, with whom the chapter closes — the faithful mediator of YHWH's word.