1
τῷ Δαυιδ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε δίκαιοι ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ τοῖς εὐθέσι πρέπει αἴνεσις
Of David. Rejoice in the Lord, O righteous ones; praise is fitting for the upright.
The heading is immediately joined to an imperative call: those aligned with the Lord's righteousness are the proper choir for fitting praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδnominal element functioning within the clause→ clausal contributionΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀγαλλιᾶσθεrejoiceV3 PMD2P · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοιrighteous onesA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθέσιupright onesA3U DPM · εὐθύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐθύς: meaning 'upright ones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πρέπειis fittingV1 PAI3S · πρέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπρέπω: meaning 'is fitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἴνεσιςpraiseN3I NSF · αἴνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
ἐξομολογεῖσθε τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν κιθάρᾳ ἐν ψαλτηρίῳ δεκαχόρδῳ ψάλατε αὐτῷ
Give thanks to the Lord with the lyre; sing psalms to him on a ten-stringed harp.
Praise is not left abstract. The congregation is commanded to answer the Lord with concrete liturgical music and public thanksgiving.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐξομολογεῖσθεgive thanksV2 PMD2P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κιθάρᾳwith a lyreN1A DSF · κιθάραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκιθάρα: meaning 'with a lyre'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψαλτηρίῳon a psalteryN2N DSN · ψαλτήριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψαλτήριον: meaning 'on a psaltery'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δεκαχόρδῳten-stringedA1B DSN · δεκάχορδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεκάχορδος: meaning 'ten-stringed'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψάλατεsing psalmsVB AAD2P · ψάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψάλλω: meaning 'sing psalms'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ᾄσατε αὐτῷ ᾆσμα καινόν καλῶς ψάλατε ἐν ἀλαλαγμῷ
Sing to him a new song; play skillfully with a shout.
The summons rises from ordinary song to fresh and skillful praise, marked by the loud joy of festival acclamation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ᾄσατεsingVA AAD2P · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateᾄδω: meaning 'sing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ᾆσμαsongN3M ASN · ᾆσμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationᾆσμα: meaning 'song'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καινόνnewA1 ASN · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καλῶςskillfullyD · καλῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαλῶς: meaning 'skillfully'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψάλατεsing psalmsVB AAD2P · ψάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψάλλω: meaning 'sing psalms'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλαλαγμῷwith a shoutN2 DSM · ἀλαλαγμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλαλαγμός: meaning 'with a shout'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
4
ὅτι εὐθὴς ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν πίστει
For the word of the Lord is upright, and all his works are in faithfulness.
The hymn now explains why praise is fitting: the Lord's speech is straight and his deeds prove consistently trustworthy.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθὴςuprightA3H NSM · εὐθήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθής: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πίστειfaithfulnessN3I DSF · πίστιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπίστις: meaning 'faithfulness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
5
ἀγαπᾷ ἐλεημοσύνην καὶ κρίσιν τοῦ ἐλέους κυρίου πλήρης ἡ γῆ
He loves mercy and judgment; the earth is full of the Lord's mercy.
Divine rule is not arbitrary power. The Lord delights in covenant mercy and right judgment, and his mercy saturates the inhabited world.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἀγαπᾷhe lovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'he loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐλεημοσύνηνmercyN1 ASF · ἐλεημοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E GSN · ἔλεοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSM · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις αὐτῶν
By the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the breath of his mouth all their host.
The praise horizon expands to creation itself: the heavens stand firm because the Lord spoke, and their ordered host exists by his breath.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγῳby the wordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'by the word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοὶheavensN2 NPM · οὐρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heavens'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστερεώθησανwere establishedVCI API3P · στερεόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστερεόω: meaning 'were established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεύματιby the breathN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'by the breath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςof the mouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'of the mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
συνάγων ὡς ἀσκὸν ὕδατα θαλάσσης τιθεὶς ἐν θησαυροῖς ἀβύσσους
Gathering the waters of the sea like a wineskin, placing the depths in storehouses.
Participles portray the Lord as the one who masters threatening waters and confines the deep as though it were stored under his command.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
συνάγωνgatheringV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσκὸνa wineskinN2 ASM · ἀσκόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσκός: meaning 'a wineskin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὕδαταwatersN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θαλάσσηςof the seaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'of the sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τιθεὶςplacingV7 · παπνσμ τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τίθημι: meaning 'placing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θησαυροῖςin storehousesN2 DPM · θησαυρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθησαυρός: meaning 'in storehouses'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀβύσσουςdepthsN2 APF · ἄβυσσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄβυσσος: meaning 'depths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
φοβηθήτω τὸν κύριον πᾶσα ἡ γῆ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ δὲ σαλευθήτωσαν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν οἰκουμένην
Let all the earth fear the Lord, and from him let all who inhabit the world be shaken.
Because the Creator rules sea and world, reverent fear is demanded from the whole earth and from every inhabitant of the world-order.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
φοβηθήτωlet fearVC APD3S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'let fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαλευθήτωσανlet be shakenVC APD3P · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσαλεύω: meaning 'let be shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςthose inhabitingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those inhabiting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνthe worldV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωnominal element functioning within the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'the world'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
9
ὅτι αὐτὸς εἶπεν καὶ ἐγενήθησαν αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατο καὶ ἐκτίσθησαν
For he spoke, and they came to be; he commanded, and they were created.
The universal summons is justified by the efficacy of divine speech: what exists does so because the Lord both spoke and commanded.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶπενspokeVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθησανcame to beVCI API3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedVAI AMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτίσθησανwere createdVSI API3P · κτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'were created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
κύριος διασκεδάζει βουλὰς ἐθνῶν ἀθετεῖ δὲ λογισμοὺς λαῶν καὶ ἀθετεῖ βουλὰς ἀρχόντων
The Lord scatters the counsels of nations, and he sets aside the reasonings of peoples, and he sets aside the counsels of rulers.
Human strategy, whether popular or princely, cannot stand on equal footing with the Creator. The Lord breaks up plans at every level.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διασκεδάζειscattersV1 PAI3S · σκεδάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκεδάζω + δια: meaning 'scatters'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλὰςcounselsN1 APF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsels'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐθνῶνof nationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'of nations'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀθετεῖsets asideV2 PAI3S · ἀθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀθετέω: meaning 'sets aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λογισμοὺςreasoningsN2 APM · λογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλογισμός: meaning 'reasonings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαῶνof peoplesN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'of peoples'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθετεῖsets asideV2 PAI3S · ἀθετέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀθετέω: meaning 'sets aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουλὰςcounselsN1 APF · βουλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsels'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'of rulers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
11
ἡ δὲ βουλὴ τοῦ κυρίου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μένει λογισμοὶ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ εἰς γενεὰν καὶ γενεάν
But the counsel of the Lord remains forever, the thoughts of his heart from generation to generation.
Against collapsing human counsel stands the permanence of the Lord's own purpose, which endures beyond any single generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βουλὴcounselN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μένειremainsV1 PAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω: meaning 'remains'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λογισμοὶthoughtsN2 NPM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςof the heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'of the heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεὰνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενεάνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
μακάριον τὸ ἔθνος οὗ ἐστιν κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτοῦ λαός ὃν ἐξελέξατο εἰς κληρονομίαν ἑαυτῷ
Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord, the people whom he chose for an inheritance for himself.
The hymn narrows from the nations in general to the singular blessed people whose identity rests in belonging to the Lord by election.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μακάριονblessedA1A NSN · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E NSN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗwhoseRR GSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'whose'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελέξατοchoseVAI AMI3S · λέγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλέγω + ἐκ: meaning 'chose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'for himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐπέβλεψεν ὁ κύριος εἶδεν πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων
From heaven the Lord looked down; he saw all the sons of men.
The Lord's sovereignty is not distant. From heaven he actively surveys the whole human family without omission.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπέβλεψενlooked downVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'looked down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνof menN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἐξ ἑτοίμου κατοικητηρίου αὐτοῦ ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν
From his prepared dwelling-place he looked upon all who inhabit the earth.
The heavenly vantage is also a royal residence. From that established dwelling the Lord observes every earthly inhabitant.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑτοίμουpreparedA1 GSN · ἕτοιμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἕτοιμος: meaning 'prepared'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατοικητηρίουdwelling-placeN2N GSN · κατοικητήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατοικητήριον: meaning 'dwelling-place'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπέβλεψενlooked downVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'looked down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose inhabitingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those inhabiting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
ὁ πλάσας κατὰ μόνας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ὁ συνιεὶς εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
He who formed their hearts one by one, he who understands all their works.
The one who sees humanity is also the one who fashioned each heart and therefore understands works from their inward source.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσαςhaving formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'having formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μόναςone by oneA1 APF · μόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμόνος: meaning 'one by one'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςof the heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'of the heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνιεὶςunderstandingVH · ααπνσμ ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵημι + συν: meaning 'understanding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
οὐ σῴζεται βασιλεὺς διὰ πολλὴν δύναμιν καὶ γίγας οὐ σωθήσεται ἐν πλήθει ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ
A king is not saved by great power, and a giant will not be delivered by the abundance of his strength.
Royal rank and exceptional might are both denied saving power. The verse dismantles confidence in scale, status, and military force.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σῴζεταιis savedV1 PMI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω: meaning 'is saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰbyP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πολλὴνgreatA1 ASF · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δύναμινpowerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'power'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίγαςgiantN3 NSM · γίγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγίγας: meaning 'giant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθήσεταιwill be savedVC FPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'will be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθειabundanceN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'abundance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
ψευδὴς ἵππος εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν δὲ πλήθει δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ οὐ σωθήσεται
A horse is false for salvation, and by the abundance of its strength it will not be saved.
The war-horse, classic image of martial security, is exposed as a deceptive hope that cannot finally secure deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ψευδὴςfalseA3H NSM · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἵπποςhorseN2 NSM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλήθειabundanceN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'abundance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δυνάμεωςstrengthN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθήσεταιwill be savedVC FPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'will be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
ἰδοὺ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου ἐπὶ τοὺς φοβουμένους αὐτὸν τοὺς ἐλπίζοντας ἐπὶ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ
Behold, the eyes of the Lord are upon those who fear him, upon those who hope in his mercy,
After denying earthly securities, the psalm redirects attention to the Lord's vigilant care for those whose posture is fear mingled with hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβουμένουςthose fearingV2 · πμπαπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ φοβέω: meaning 'those fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίζονταςthose hopingV1 · παπαπμ ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ἐλπίζω: meaning 'those hoping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
ῥύσασθαι ἐκ θανάτου τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν καὶ διαθρέψαι αὐτοὺς ἐν λιμῷ
to rescue their souls from death and to nourish them in famine.
The Lord's gaze is purposeful rather than passive: he watches in order to preserve life both from death and from the wasting pressure of hunger.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ῥύσασθαιto rescueVA AMN · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementῥύομαι: meaning 'to rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θανάτουfrom deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'from death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςsoulsN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθρέψαιto nourishVA AAN · τρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτρέφω + δια: meaning 'to nourish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λιμῷin famineN2 DSM · λιμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλιμός: meaning 'in famine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
20
ἡ ψυχὴ ἡμῶν ὑπομένει τῷ κυρίῳ ὅτι βοηθὸς καὶ ὑπερασπιστὴς ἡμῶν ἐστιν
Our soul waits for the Lord, because he is our helper and our defender.
The congregation now answers the hymn in first-person plural, confessing patient dependence because the Lord has proved both helper and shield.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπομένειwaits patientlyV1 PAI3S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'waits patiently'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοηθὸςhelperN2 NSM · βοηθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοηθός: meaning 'helper'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερασπιστὴςdefenderN1M NSM · ὑπερασπιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπερασπιστής: meaning 'defender'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ εὐφρανθήσεται ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ ἠλπίσαμεν
For in him our heart will be glad, and in his holy name we have hoped.
Hope in the holy name produces joy. The interior life of the community is steadied because its confidence rests in him rather than in force.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐφρανθήσεταιwill be gladVC FPI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholyA1A DSN · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠλπίσαμενwe hopedVAI AAI1P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐλπίζω: meaning 'we hoped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
γένοιτο τὸ ἔλεός σου κύριε ἐφ' ἡμᾶς καθάπερ ἠλπίσαμεν ἐπὶ σέ
Let your mercy, O Lord, be upon us, just as we hoped in you.
The psalm ends by turning confession into prayer: the people ask that the mercy they await would actually rest upon them.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
γένοιτοlet beVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'let be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθάπερjust asD · καθάπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλπίσαμενwe hopedVAI AAI1P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐλπίζω: meaning 'we hoped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.