1
ψαλμὸς ᾠδῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Κορε δευτέρᾳ σαββάτου
A psalm of a song for the sons of Korah, for the second day of the week.
The heading frames the poem as a Korahite liturgical song and situates its use within communal worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾠδῆςof a songN1 GSF · ᾠδήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾠδή: meaning 'of a song'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsN2 DPM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΚορεKorahN GS · Κορεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΚορε: meaning 'Korah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δευτέρᾳsecondA1A DSF · δεύτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαββάτουof the weekN2N GSN · σάββατονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάββατον: meaning 'of the week'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
μέγας κύριος καὶ αἰνετὸς σφόδρα ἐν πόλει τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ὄρει ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ
Great is the Lord and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, on his holy mountain.
The first line states the psalm's governing claim: the Lord's greatness is acknowledged in the very place where he dwells with his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μέγαςgreatA3P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνετὸςpraisedA1 NSM · αἰνετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰνετός: meaning 'praised'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφόδραgreatlyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνof usRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'of us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄρειmountainN3E DSN · ὄροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁγίῳholyA1A DSN · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
εὖ ῥιζῶν ἀγαλλιάματι πάσης τῆς γῆς ὄρη Σιων τὰ πλευρὰ τοῦ βορρᾶ ἡ πόλις τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου
Well-rooted, the joy of all the earth, are the mountains of Zion on the sides of the north, the city of the great King.
The description unfolds Zion's beauty and stability, presenting the city as the joy-filled dwelling of the great King.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εὖwellD · εὖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'well'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥιζῶνof rootsN1S GPF · ῥίζαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥίζα: meaning 'of roots'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀγαλλιάματιjoyN3M DSN · ἀγαλλίαμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀγαλλίαμα: meaning 'joy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πάσηςof allA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλευρὰsidesN2 NPN · πλευρόνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλευρόν: meaning 'sides'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςof the kingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'of the king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
ὁ θεὸς ἐν ταῖς βάρεσιν αὐτῆς γινώσκεται ὅταν ἀντιλαμβάνηται αὐτῆς
God is known in her citadels whenever he comes to her aid.
The city's security is not architectural first but theological: God makes himself known there as the one who helps her.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάρεσινcitadelsN3I DPF · βάριςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβάρις: meaning 'citadels'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γινώσκεταιis knownV1 PMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'is known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτανwheneverD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντιλαμβάνηταιhe comes to aidV1 PMS3S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'he comes to aid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ὅτι ἰδοὺ οἱ βασιλεῖς συνήχθησαν ἤλθοσαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό
For behold, the kings were assembled; they came together.
A brief battlefield scene begins, introducing hostile kings whose united advance sets up the display of divine protection.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingsN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συνήχθησανwere assembledVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'were assembled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἤλθοσανcameVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶtoP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόsame placeRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτό: meaning 'same place'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
αὐτοὶ ἰδόντες οὕτως ἐθαύμασαν ἐταράχθησαν ἐσαλεύθησαν
They themselves, when they saw thus, were astounded; they were troubled, they were shaken.
The gathered rulers do not prevail; the mere sight produces astonishment, inner turmoil, and destabilization.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
αὐτοὶthey themselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰδόντεςhaving seenVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'having seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθαύμασανwere astoundedVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθαυμάζω: meaning 'were astounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐταράχθησανwere troubledVQI API3P · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'were troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐσαλεύθησανwere shakenVCI API3P · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'were shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
τρόμος ἐπελάβετο αὐτῶν ἐκεῖ ὠδῖνες ὡς τικτούσης
Trembling seized them there, pangs like a woman giving birth.
Their collapse is sharpened by bodily imagery, comparing their panic to labor pains that overpower resistance.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τρόμοςtremblingN2 NSM · τρόμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρόμος: meaning 'trembling'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπελάβετοseizedVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνof themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'of them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠδῖνεςbirth-pangsN3 NPF · ὠδίνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὠδίν: meaning 'birth-pangs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τικτούσηςof a woman giving birthV1 · παπγσφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ τίκτω: meaning 'of a woman giving birth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ἐν πνεύματι βιαίῳ συντρίψεις πλοῖα Θαρσις
With a violent wind you will shatter ships of Tarshish.
The psalm turns the panic into a vivid simile of sudden ruin, like the smashing of seagoing power by a fierce wind.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πνεύματιwindN3M DSN · πνεῦμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'wind'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βιαίῳviolentA1A DSN · βίαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβίαιος: meaning 'violent'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συντρίψειςyou will shatterVF FAI2S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'you will shatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλοῖαshipsN2N APN · πλοῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῖον: meaning 'ships'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΘαρσιςTarshishN GS · Θαρσιςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΘαρσις: meaning 'Tarshish'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
9
καθάπερ ἠκούσαμεν οὕτως εἴδομεν ἐν πόλει κυρίου τῶν δυνάμεων ἐν πόλει τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ὁ θεὸς ἐθεμελίωσεν αὐτὴν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα διάψαλμα
Just as we heard, so we also saw in the city of the Lord of hosts, in the city of our God; God founded her forever. Interlude.
The congregation responds by confessing that what had been heard in tradition is now verified by sight in the Lord's enduring city.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καθάπερjust asD · καθάπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκούσαμενwe heardVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'we heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴδομενwe sawVBI AAI1P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'we saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνhostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'hosts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνof usRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'of us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐθεμελίωσενfoundedVAI AAI3S · θεμελιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθεμελιόω: meaning 'founded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
ὑπελάβομεν ὁ θεός τὸ ἔλεός σου ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ναοῦ σου
We received your mercy, O God, in the midst of your temple.
From narrative memory the poem moves into worship, naming the community's reception and contemplation of divine mercy in the temple.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὑπελάβομενwe receivedVBI AAI1P · λαμβάνω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'we received'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναοῦtempleN2 GSM · ναόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
κατὰ τὸ ὄνομά σου ὁ θεός οὕτως καὶ ἡ αἴνεσίς σου ἐπὶ τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς δικαιοσύνης πλήρης ἡ δεξιά σου
According to your name, O God, so also is your praise to the ends of the earth; your right hand is full of righteousness.
The Lord's praise is said to match his name itself, spreading to the earth's limits because his rule is righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴνεσίςpraiseN3I NSF · αἴνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶtoP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέραταendsN3T APN · πέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπέρας: meaning 'ends'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSF · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιάright handA1A NSF · δεξιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
εὐφρανθήτω τὸ ὄρος Σιων ἀγαλλιάσθωσαν αἱ θυγατέρες τῆς Ιουδαίας ἕνεκεν τῶν κριμάτων σου κύριε
Let Mount Zion be glad; let the daughters of Judea rejoice because of your judgments, O Lord.
Joy is summoned in Zion and Judah because the Lord's judicial acts have vindicated his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εὐφρανθήτωlet be gladdenedVC APD3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'let be gladdened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E NSN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλιάσθωσανlet rejoiceV3 PMD3P · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'let rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιουδαίαςof JudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕνεκενbecause ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριμάτωνjudgmentsN3M GPN · κρίμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουof youRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'of you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
13
κυκλώσατε Σιων καὶ περιλάβετε αὐτήν διηγήσασθε ἐν τοῖς πύργοις αὐτῆς
Walk around Zion and surround her; recount it in her towers.
The worshipers are told to circle the city and narrate what they see, turning fortified space into testimony.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
κυκλώσατεwalk aroundVA AAD2P · κυκλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκυκλόω: meaning 'walk around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιλάβετεencircleVB AAD2P · λαμβάνω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + περι: meaning 'encircle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διηγήσασθεrecountVA AMI2P · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'recount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύργοιςtowersN2 DPM · πύργοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύργος: meaning 'towers'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
θέσθε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς καὶ καταδιέλεσθε τὰς βάρεις αὐτῆς ὅπως ἂν διηγήσησθε εἰς γενεὰν ἑτέραν
Set your hearts on her strength, and examine her citadels, so that you may tell another generation.
The command deepens from movement to deliberate attention so that Zion's strength will become a transmissible memory.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
θέσθεsetVE AMD2P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartsN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'hearts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνof you allRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'of you all'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμινstrengthN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταδιέλεσθεexamine carefullyVB AMD2P · αἱρέω + κατα + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἱρέω + κατα + δια: meaning 'examine carefully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάρειςcitadelsN3I APF · βάριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάρις: meaning 'citadels'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςof herRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'of her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνindeedX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διηγήσησθεyou may recountVA AMS2P · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'you may recount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεὰνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑτέρανanotherA1A ASF · ἕτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕτερος: meaning 'another'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος αὐτὸς ποιμανεῖ ἡμᾶς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
For this is God, our God forever and ever; he himself will shepherd us forever.
The psalm ends by identifying Zion's true security in God himself, whose shepherding care stretches beyond the present generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτόςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτός: meaning 'this one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνof usRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'of us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςof eternityN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'of eternity'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιμανεῖwill shepherdVF2 FAI3S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιμαίνω: meaning 'will shepherd'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.