1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ὑπὲρ Ιδιθουν τῷ Ασαφ ψαλμός
For the end, concerning Jeduthun, a psalm for Asaph.
The heading places the psalm within temple performance, linking it with Jeduthun and Asaph before the lament begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρconcerningP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙδιθουνJeduthunN AS · Ιδιθουνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙδιθουν: meaning 'Jeduthun'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσαφAsaphN DSM · Ασαφadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑσαφ: meaning 'Asaph'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλμόςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
φωνῇ μου πρὸς κύριον ἐκέκραξα φωνῇ μου πρὸς τὸν θεόν καὶ προσέσχεν μοι
With my voice I cried to the Lord, with my voice to God, and he listened to me.
The repetition of 'with my voice' intensifies the appeal and immediately affirms that God bent down to hear.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
φωνῇwith voiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'with voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκέκραξαI cried outVAI AAI1S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκράζω: meaning 'I cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνῇwith voiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'with voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέσχενhe listenedVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω + προς: meaning 'he listened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ θλίψεώς μου τὸν θεὸν ἐξεζήτησα ταῖς χερσίν μου νυκτὸς ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἠπατήθην ἀπηνήνατο παρακληθῆναι ἡ ψυχή μου
In the day of my affliction I sought God; with my hands in the night before him, and I was not deceived; my soul refused to be comforted.
The prayer is located in affliction and extended through the night, yet the soul remains unwilling to accept quick consolation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θλίψεώςof afflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'of affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξεζήτησαI sought outVAI AAI1S · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I sought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῖςwith theRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσίνhandsN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νυκτὸςby nightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'by night'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠπατήθηνI was deceivedVCI API1S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπατάω: meaning 'I was deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπηνήνατοrefusedVAI AMI3S · ἀναίνομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀναίνομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'refused'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρακληθῆναιto be comfortedVC APN · καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλέω + παρα: meaning 'to be comforted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἐμνήσθην τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ εὐφράνθην ἠδολέσχησα καὶ ὠλιγοψύχησεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου διάψαλμα
I remembered God and was gladdened; I meditated, and my spirit grew faint. Interlude.
Remembering God brings a moment of joy, but meditation also exposes the speaker's frailty so that inner strength ebbs away.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐμνήσθηνI rememberedVSI API1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'I remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφράνθηνI was gladdenedVC API1S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'I was gladdened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠδολέσχησαI meditatedVAI AAI1S · ἀδολεσχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀδολεσχέω: meaning 'I meditated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠλιγοψύχησενgrew faintVAI AAI3S · ὀλιγοψυχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλιγοψυχέω: meaning 'grew faint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
προκατελάβοντο φυλακὰς οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου ἐταράχθην καὶ οὐκ ἐλάλησα
My eyes anticipated the watches; I was troubled, and I did not speak.
The singer lies awake ahead of the night watches and falls into a disturbed silence that words cannot yet break.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
προκατελάβοντοanticipatedVBI AMI3P · λαμβάνω + προ + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + προ + κατα: meaning 'anticipated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλακὰςwatchesN1 APF · φυλακήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'watches'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐταράχθηνI was troubledVQI API1S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'I was troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησαI spokeVAI AAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'I spoke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
διελογισάμην ἡμέρας ἀρχαίας καὶ ἔτη αἰώνια ἐμνήσθην καὶ ἐμελέτησα
I considered ancient days, and I remembered everlasting years, and I meditated.
The troubled mind reaches backward into deep time, searching the long memory of God's dealings for interpretive light.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
διελογισάμηνI consideredVAI AMI1S · λογίζομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι + δια: meaning 'I considered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀρχαίαςancientA1A GSF · ἀρχαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχαῖος: meaning 'ancient'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰώνιαeverlastingA1B APN · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμνήσθηνI rememberedVSI API1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'I remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμελέτησαI meditatedVAI AAI1S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμελετάω: meaning 'I meditated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
νυκτὸς μετὰ τῆς καρδίας μου ἠδολέσχουν καὶ ἔσκαλλεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου
At night I communed with my heart, and my spirit searched.
Night becomes the setting for inward dialogue as the psalmist's spirit probes for understanding beneath the surface of pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
νυκτὸςby nightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'by night'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠδολέσχουνI communedV2I IAI3P · ἀδολεσχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀδολεσχέω: meaning 'I communed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσκαλλενsearchedVAI AAI3S · σκάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκάλλω: meaning 'searched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
μὴ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ἀπώσεται κύριος καὶ οὐ προσθήσει τοῦ εὐδοκῆσαι ἔτι
Will the Lord cast off forever and no longer be pleased again?
The lament now gives voice to its deepest fear: that divine favor may have withdrawn permanently.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
μὴwill ... ?D · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'will ... ?'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναςagesN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'ages'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπώσεταιwill cast offVF FMI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'will cast off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσθήσειwill continueVF FAI3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι + προς: meaning 'will continue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐδοκῆσαιto be pleasedVA AAN · εὐδοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὐδοκέω: meaning 'to be pleased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
9
ἢ εἰς τέλος τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ ἀποκόψει ἀπὸ γενεᾶς εἰς γενεάν
Or will he cut off his mercy completely, from generation to generation?
The questioning turns from rejection to covenant mercy, wondering whether steadfast compassion itself has been severed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποκόψειwill cut offVF FAI3S · κόπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'will cut off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεᾶςgenerationN1A GSF · γενεάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεάνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
ἢ ἐπιλήσεται τοῦ οἰκτιρῆσαι ὁ θεὸς ἢ συνέξει ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ αὐτοῦ τοὺς οἰκτιρμοὺς αὐτοῦ διάψαλμα
Or will God forget to show compassion, or in his anger will he restrain his mercies? Interlude.
The final question in the sequence pits remembered compassion against present anger and pauses on that unresolved tension.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλήσεταιwill forgetVF FMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'will forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκτιρῆσαιto show compassionVA AAN · οἰκτείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἰκτείρω: meaning 'to show compassion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέξειwill restrainVF FAI3S · ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω + συν: meaning 'will restrain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργῇangerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'anger'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκτιρμοὺςmerciesN2 APM · οἰκτιρμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἰκτιρμός: meaning 'mercies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
καὶ εἶπα νῦν ἠρξάμην αὕτη ἡ ἀλλοίωσις τῆς δεξιᾶς τοῦ ὑψίστου
And I said, "Now I have begun; this is the change brought by the right hand of the Most High."
The speaker answers his own crisis by naming a decisive shift: the Most High's right hand will redefine the situation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρξάμηνI have begunVAI AMI1S · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄρχω: meaning 'I have begun'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοίωσιςchangeN3I NSF · ἀλλοίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλοίωσις: meaning 'change'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιᾶςright handA1A GSF · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
ἐμνήσθην τῶν ἔργων κυρίου ὅτι μνησθήσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς τῶν θαυμασίων σου
I remembered the works of the Lord, for I will remember your wonders from the beginning.
The lament pivots into deliberate remembrance, grounding hope in the long record of the Lord's wondrous acts.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐμνήσθηνI rememberedVSI API1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'I remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworksN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησθήσομαιI will rememberVS FPI1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμιμνήσκω: meaning 'I will remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμασίωνwondersA1A GPM · θαυμάσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
καὶ μελετήσω ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔργοις σου καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασίν σου ἀδολεσχήσω
And I will meditate on all your works, and on your deeds I will ponder.
Remembrance becomes sustained contemplation as the singer dwells on both God's acts and the pattern of his dealings.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μελετήσωI will meditateVF FAI1S · μελετάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμελετάω: meaning 'I will meditate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύμασίνdeedsN3M DPN · ἐπιτήδευμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'deeds'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδολεσχήσωI will ponderVF FAI1S · ἀδολεσχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀδολεσχέω: meaning 'I will ponder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
ὁ θεός ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ἡ ὁδός σου τίς θεὸς μέγας ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν
O God, your way is in holiness. What god is great like our God?
The psalmist now confesses that God's manner of acting belongs to the sphere of holiness and surpasses every rival claim to greatness.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholinessA1A DSM · ἅγιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: meaning 'holiness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδόςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
σὺ εἶ ὁ θεὸς ὁ ποιῶν θαυμάσια ἐγνώρισας ἐν τοῖς λαοῖς τὴν δύναμίν σου
You are the God who works wonders; you made your power known among the peoples.
The remembered God is identified as the one whose wonders publicly reveal his strength among the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶareV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῶνworkingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θαυμάσιαwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγνώρισαςyou made knownVAI AAI2S · γνωρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγνωρίζω: meaning 'you made known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῖςpeoplesN2 DPM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμίνpowerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'power'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ἐλυτρώσω ἐν τῷ βραχίονί σου τὸν λαόν σου τοὺς υἱοὺς Ιακωβ καὶ Ιωσηφ διάψαλμα
With your arm you redeemed your people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph. Interlude.
The recollection becomes explicit: Israel's redemption is attributed to the Lord's own arm and embraces the covenant family as a whole.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐλυτρώσωyou redeemedVAI AMI2S · λυτρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλυτρόω: meaning 'you redeemed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίονίarmN3N DSM · βραχίωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβραχίων: meaning 'arm'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωσηφJosephN GSM · Ιωσηφadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωσηφ: meaning 'Joseph'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
17
εἴδοσάν σε ὕδατα ὁ θεός εἴδοσάν σε ὕδατα καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν καὶ ἐταράχθησαν ἄβυσσοι πλῆθος ἤχους ὑδάτων
The waters saw you, O God; the waters saw you and were afraid, and the depths were troubled with the multitude of the sound of waters.
Creation itself reacts to God's presence: waters recoil, the depths tremble, and the sea becomes the stage of divine appearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εἴδοσάνsawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕδαταwatersN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἴδοσάνsawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕδαταwatersN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθησανwere afraidVCI API3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'were afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταράχθησανwere troubledVQI API3P · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'were troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄβυσσοιdepthsN2 NPF · ἄβυσσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄβυσσος: meaning 'depths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἤχουςsoundN2 APM · ἦχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἦχος: meaning 'sound'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑδάτωνof watersN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'of waters'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
φωνὴν ἔδωκαν αἱ νεφέλαι καὶ γὰρ τὰ βέλη σου διαπορεύονται
The clouds gave forth a sound, for your arrows pass through.
The exodus memory intensifies into storm language as clouds resound and God's arrows streak through the heavens.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φωνὴνsoundN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεφέλαιcloudsN1 NPF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βέληarrowsN3E APN · βέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβέλος: meaning 'arrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαπορεύονταιpass throughV1 PMI3P · πορεύομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
φωνὴ τῆς βροντῆς σου ἐν τῷ τροχῷ ἔφαναν αἱ ἀστραπαί σου τῇ οἰκουμένῃ ἐσαλεύθη καὶ ἔντρομος ἐγενήθη ἡ γῆ
The voice of your thunder was in the wheel; your lightnings lit up the world; the earth was shaken and became trembling.
Thunder, lightning, and the shaking earth portray the Lord's advance as a world-filling display of power.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βροντῆςof thunderN1 GSF · βροντήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβροντή: meaning 'of thunder'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροχῷwheelN2 DSM · τροχόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔφανανlit upVAI AAI3P · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφαίνω: meaning 'lit up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀστραπαίlightningsN1 NPF · ἀστραπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀστραπή: meaning 'lightnings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένῃworldV2 · πμπδσφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσφ οἰκέω: meaning 'world'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐσαλεύθηwas shakenVCI API3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'was shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔντρομοςtremblingA1B NSF · ἔντρομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔντρομος: meaning 'trembling'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγενήθηbecameVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
20
ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἡ ὁδός σου καὶ αἱ τρίβοι σου ἐν ὕδασι πολλοῖς καὶ τὰ ἴχνη σου οὐ γνωσθήσονται
In the sea was your way, and your paths in many waters, and your footprints will not be known.
God's route lies through chaotic waters, yet his tracks remain beyond ordinary human tracing or control.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδόςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβοιpathsN2 NPF · τρίβοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρίβος: meaning 'paths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδασιwatersN3T DPN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολλοῖςmanyA1 DPN · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἴχνηfootprintsN3E NPN · ἴχνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴχνος: meaning 'footprints'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωσθήσονταιwill be knownVS FPI3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
21
ὡδήγησας ὡς πρόβατα τὸν λαόν σου ἐν χειρὶ Μωυσῆ καὶ Ααρων
You guided your people like sheep by the hand of Moses and Aaron.
The storm theophany resolves in pastoral tenderness: the same God who crossed the sea shepherded his people through appointed human leaders.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὡδήγησαςyou guidedVAI AAI2S · ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁδηγέω: meaning 'you guided'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΜωυσῆ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronN GSM · Ἀαρώνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: meaning 'Aaron'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.