1
ᾠδὴ ψαλμοῦ τοῖς υἱοῖς Κορε εἰς τὸ τέλος ὑπὲρ μαελεθ τοῦ ἀποκριθῆναι συνέσεως Αιμαν τῷ Ισραηλίτῃ
A song of a psalm for the sons of Korah, for the end, concerning Mahalath for responsive singing; an understanding of Heman the Israelite.
The heading frames the lament with Korahite attribution, musical direction, and the wisdom-linked name of Heman before the prayer begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ᾠδὴsongN1 NSF · ᾠδήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceᾠδή: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ψαλμοῦpsalmN2 GSM · ψαλμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsN2 DPM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΚορεKorahN GSM · Κορεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΚορε: meaning 'Korah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρconcerningP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μαελεθMahalathN ASM · μαελεθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμαελεθ: meaning 'Mahalath'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποκριθῆναιto answerVC APN · κρίνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'to answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΑιμανHemanN GSM · Αιμανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑιμαν: meaning 'Heman'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλίτῃIsraeliteN1M DSM · Ἰσραηλίτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceΙσραηλίτῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
2
κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῆς σωτηρίας μου ἡμέρας ἐκέκραξα καὶ ἐν νυκτὶ ἐναντίον σου
O Lord, God of my salvation, by day I cried out, and by night I stood before you.
The psalm opens by naming the Lord as savior while stressing that the cry has already stretched through day and night.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίαςsalvationN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμέραςby dayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'by day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκέκραξαI cried outVAI AAI1S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκράζω: meaning 'I cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
εἰσελθάτω ἐνώπιόν σου ἡ προσευχή μου κλῖνον τὸ οὖς σου εἰς τὴν δέησίν μου κύριε
Let my prayer enter before you; incline your ear to my supplication, O Lord.
The singer asks for admission into God's presence and for an inclined ear, keeping the lament in direct petition.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
εἰσελθάτωlet enterVB AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'let enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχήprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κλῖνονinclineVA AAD2S · κλίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλίνω: meaning 'incline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3T ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέησίνsupplicationN3I ASF · δέησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδέησις: meaning 'supplication'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
4
ὅτι ἐπλήσθη κακῶν ἡ ψυχή μου καὶ ἡ ζωή μου τῷ ᾅδῃ ἤγγισεν
Because my soul has been filled with troubles, and my life has drawn near to Hades.
The ground for the plea is that the speaker is saturated with troubles and feels his life approaching the underworld.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλήσθηhas been filledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'has been filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κακῶνwith troublesA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'with troubles'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωήlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδῃto HadesN1M DSM · ᾅδηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceᾅδης: meaning 'to Hades'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἤγγισενhas drawn nearVAI AAI3S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'has drawn near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
προσελογίσθην μετὰ τῶν καταβαινόντων εἰς λάκκον ἐγενήθην ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἀβοήθητος ἐν νεκροῖς ἐλεύθερος
I was counted with those going down into the pit; I became like a helpless man, free among the dead.
He describes himself as already enrolled among those descending to the pit, helpless and effectively released to death.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
προσελογίσθηνI was countedVSI API1S · λογίζομαι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλογίζομαι + προς: meaning 'I was counted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνthoseRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαινόντωνgoing downV1 · παπγπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λάκκονpitN2 ASM · λάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλάκκος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγενήθηνI becameVCI API1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀβοήθητοςhelplessA1B NSM · ἀβοήθητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀβοήθητος: meaning 'helpless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεκροῖςdeadN2 DPM · νεκρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐλεύθεροςfreeA1A NSM · ἐλεύθεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐλεύθερος: meaning 'free'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
ὡσεὶ τραυματίαι ἐρριμμένοι καθεύδοντες ἐν τάφῳ ὧν οὐκ ἐμνήσθης ἔτι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐκ τῆς χειρός σου ἀπώσθησαν
Like wounded men cast down, sleeping in the grave, whom you remember no longer, and they were thrust away from your hand.
The image sharpens into the realm of the slain in the grave, people no longer remembered and cut off from divine help.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὡσεὶlikeX · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐρριμμένοιcast downV1I PMPNPMR(I/PTWverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationἐρριμμένοι: meaning 'cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθεύδοντεςsleepingV1 · παπνπμ εὕδω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εὕδω + κατα: meaning 'sleeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τάφῳgraveN2 DSM · τάφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτάφος: meaning 'grave'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὧνwhomRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμνήσθηςyou rememberedVSI API2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'you remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιany longerD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'any longer'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπώσθησανwere thrust awayVS API3P · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'were thrust away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ἔθεντό με ἐν λάκκῳ κατωτάτῳ ἐν σκοτεινοῖς καὶ ἐν σκιᾷ θανάτου
They put me in the lowest pit, in dark places and in the shadow of death.
The complaint turns concrete: he has been placed in the lowest, darkest region, the shadowed edge of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔθεντόthey putVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'they put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λάκκῳpitN2 DSM · λάκκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλάκκος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατωτάτῳlowestA1 DSM · κατώτατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκατώτατος: meaning 'lowest'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκοτεινοῖςdark placesA1 DPM · σκοτεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκοτεινός: meaning 'dark places'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκιᾷshadowN1A DSF · σκιάdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκιά: meaning 'shadow'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8
ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἐπεστηρίχθη ὁ θυμός σου καὶ πάντας τοὺς μετεωρισμούς σου ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἐπήγαγες διάψαλμα
Your wrath was laid heavily upon me, and you brought all your surges upon me. Interlude.
The suffering is interpreted theologically as the full weight of God's anger and breakers crashing down on him.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεστηρίχθηwas laid heavilyVQI API3S · στηρίζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστηρίζω + ἐπι: meaning 'was laid heavily'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμόςwrathN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετεωρισμούςsurgesN2 APM · μετεωρισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμετεωρισμός: meaning 'surges'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπήγαγεςyou broughtVBI AAI2S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'you brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ἐμάκρυνας τοὺς γνωστούς μου ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἔθεντό με βδέλυγμα ἑαυτοῖς παρεδόθην καὶ οὐκ ἐξεπορευόμην
You moved my acquaintances far from me; they made me an abomination to themselves. I was handed over and could not go out.
Divine pressure is mirrored socially as acquaintances recoil, the speaker becomes loathsome, and escape closes.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐμάκρυναςyou removedVAI AAI2S · μακρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμακρύνω: meaning 'you removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνωστούςacquaintancesA1 APM · γνωστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνωστός: meaning 'acquaintances'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπ'away fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'away from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθεντόthey putVEI AMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'they put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M ASN · βδέλυγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑαυτοῖςto themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'to themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρεδόθηνI was handed overVCI API1S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'I was handed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεπορευόμηνI was going outV1I IMI1S · πορεύομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'I was going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου ἠσθένησαν ἀπὸ πτωχείας ἐκέκραξα πρὸς σέ κύριε ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν διεπέτασα πρὸς σὲ τὰς χεῖράς μου
My eyes grew weak from affliction; I cried to you, O Lord, all the day; I spread out my hands toward you.
Even while wasting away, he continues the all-day cry with uplifted hands, refusing silence.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠσθένησανgrew weakVAI AAI3P · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσθενέω: meaning 'grew weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πτωχείαςafflictionN1A GSF · πτωχείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπτωχεία: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκέκραξαI cried outVAI AAI1S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκράζω: meaning 'I cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὅληνallA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διεπέτασαI spread outVAI AAI1S · πετάζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπετάζω + δια: meaning 'I spread out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
μὴ τοῖς νεκροῖς ποιήσεις θαυμάσια ἢ ἰατροὶ ἀναστήσουσιν καὶ ἐξομολογήσονταί σοι
Will you do wonders for the dead? Or will physicians raise them up so that they may give thanks to you?
The lament argues from praise: if death holds him, who will experience or confess God's wonders?
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μὴwillD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'will'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεκροῖςdeadN2 DPM · νεκρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ποιήσειςyou doVF FAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'you do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θαυμάσιαwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰατροὶphysiciansN2 NPM · ἰατρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰατρός: meaning 'physicians'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναστήσουσινwill raise upVF FAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'will raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογήσονταίwill give thanksVF FMI3P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
μὴ διηγήσεταί τις ἐν τάφῳ τὸ ἔλεός σου καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου ἐν τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ
Will anyone tell of your mercy in the grave, and of your truth in destruction?
The same challenge is restated with mercy and truth, pressing the absurdity of praise buried in destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μὴwillD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'will'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διηγήσεταίwill tellVF FMI3S · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'will tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τιςanyoneRI NSM · τιςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτις: meaning 'anyone'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τάφῳgraveN2 DSM · τάφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτάφος: meaning 'grave'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλήθειάνtruthN1A ASF · ἀλήθειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπωλείᾳdestructionN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
13
μὴ γνωσθήσεται ἐν τῷ σκότει τὰ θαυμάσιά σου καὶ ἡ δικαιοσύνη σου ἐν γῇ ἐπιλελησμένῃ
Will your wonders be known in the darkness, and your righteousness in a forgotten land?
Darkness and a forgotten land intensify the case that God's righteous acts disappear if the sufferer remains there.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
μὴwillD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'will'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωσθήσεταιwill be knownVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will be known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκότειdarknessN3E DSN · σκότοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιάwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπιλελησμένῃforgottenVX · χππδσφ λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππδσφ λανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forgotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
κἀγὼ πρὸς σέ κύριε ἐκέκραξα καὶ τὸ πρωὶ ἡ προσευχή μου προφθάσει σε
But I cried to you, O Lord, and in the morning my prayer will come before you.
Despite the unanswered night, the speaker returns to prayer and expects the morning cry to meet God first.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
κἀγὼbut IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκἀγὼ: meaning 'but I'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐκέκραξαI cried outVAI AAI1S · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκράζω: meaning 'I cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶin the morningD · πρωί̈adverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρωὶ: meaning 'in the morning'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχήprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προφθάσειwill come beforeVF FAI3S · φθάνω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφθάνω + προ: meaning 'will come before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
ἵνα τί κύριε ἀπωθεῖς τὴν ψυχήν μου ἀποστρέφεις τὸ πρόσωπόν σου ἀπ' ἐμοῦ
Why, O Lord, do you reject my soul? Why do you turn your face away from me?
The lament turns into direct protest, asking why the Lord rejects him and hides his face.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'why'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'why'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀπωθεῖςdo you rejectV2 PAI2S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'do you reject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποστρέφειςdo you turn awayV1 PAI2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'do you turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπ'away fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'away from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
πτωχός εἰμι ἐγὼ καὶ ἐν κόποις ἐκ νεότητός μου ὑψωθεὶς δὲ ἐταπεινώθην καὶ ἐξηπορήθην
I am poor and in troubles from my youth; though lifted up, I was humbled and brought into despair.
He presents his misery as a long history reaching back to youth, ending in humiliation and bewilderment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πτωχόςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰμιI amV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'I am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κόποιςtroublesN2 DPM · κόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκόπος: meaning 'troubles'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεότητόςyouthN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑψωθεὶςhaving been lifted upVC · αππνσμ ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνσμ ὑψόω: meaning 'having been lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταπεινώθηνI was humbledVCI API1S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'I was humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηπορήθηνI was in despairVCI API1S · ἀπορέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπορέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I was in despair'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
ἐπ' ἐμὲ διῆλθον αἱ ὀργαί σου καὶ οἱ φοβερισμοί σου ἐξετάραξάν με
Your wraths passed over me, and your terrors threw me into turmoil.
The wrath once resting on him now sweeps across him in repeated terrors that unsettle his whole being.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διῆλθονpassed overVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'passed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργαίwrathsN1 NPF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wraths'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβερισμοίterrorsN2 NPM · φοβερισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφοβερισμός: meaning 'terrors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξετάραξάνthrew into turmoilVAI AAI3P · ταράσσω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω + ἐκ: meaning 'threw into turmoil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
ἐκύκλωσάν με ὡς ὕδωρ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν περιέσχον με ἅμα
They surrounded me like water all the day; together they hemmed me in.
The pressure becomes flood imagery, with trouble surrounding and enclosing him on every side.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐκύκλωσάνsurroundedVAI AAI3P · κυκλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκυκλόω: meaning 'surrounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςlikeC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅληνallA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
περιέσχονhemmed inVBI AAI3P · ἔχω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω + περι: meaning 'hemmed in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
19
ἐμάκρυνας ἀπ' ἐμοῦ φίλον καὶ πλησίον καὶ τοὺς γνωστούς μου ἀπὸ ταλαιπωρίας
You moved friend and neighbor far from me, and my acquaintances away because of misery.
The psalm closes without release: friend, neighbor, and acquaintance are all driven away into the darkness of misery.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐμάκρυναςyou removedVAI AAI2S · μακρύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμακρύνω: meaning 'you removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'away fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'away from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φίλονfriendA1 ASM · φίλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνωστούςacquaintancesA1 APM · γνωστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνωστός: meaning 'acquaintances'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταλαιπωρίαςmiseryN1A GSF · ταλαιπωρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationταλαιπωρία: meaning 'misery'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.