1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ὑπὲρ τῶν κρυφίων τοῦ υἱοῦ ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ
For the end, concerning the secrets of the son, a psalm for David.
The heading frames the psalm for worship and preserves a traditional designation before the movement into praise and lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρυφίωνsecretA1A GPM · κρύφιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρύφιος: meaning 'secret'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ψαλμὸςsongN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι κύριε ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ μου διηγήσομαι πάντα τὰ θαυμάσιά σου
I will give thanks to you, O Lord, with my whole heart; I will recount all your wonders.
The first real movement begins with whole-hearted praise and the resolve to narrate God's marvelous deeds publicly.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐξομολογήσομαίI will give thanksVF FMI1S · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὅλῃὅλοςA1 DSF · ὅλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅλος: meaning 'ὅλος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διηγήσομαιI will recountVF FMI1S · ἡγέομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡγέομαι + δια: meaning 'I will recount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαυμάσιάwondersA1A APN · θαυμάσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wonders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
εὐφρανθήσομαι καὶ ἀγαλλιάσομαι ἐν σοί ψαλῶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου ὕψιστε
I will be glad and rejoice in you; I will sing praise to your name, O Most High.
Thanksgiving deepens into joy, exultation, and sung praise focused on the exalted name of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εὐφρανθήσομαιbe gladVC FPI1S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'be glad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλιάσομαιrejoiceVF FMI1S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψαλῶI will sing praiseVF2 FAI1S · ψάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureψάλλω: meaning 'I will sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕψιστεMost HighA1 VSM · ὕψιστοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
4
ἐν τῷ ἀποστραφῆναι τὸν ἐχθρόν μου εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω ἀσθενήσουσιν καὶ ἀπολοῦνται ἀπὸ προσώπου σου
When my enemy turns backward, they shall grow weak and perish from before your face.
The psalmist grounds praise in a remembered reversal: hostile power collapses as soon as it meets the divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστραφῆναιturn backVD APN · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρόνenemyN2 ASM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀσθενήσουσινwill grow weakVF FAI3P · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀσθενέω: meaning 'will grow weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολοῦνταιperishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ὅτι ἐποίησας τὴν κρίσιν μου καὶ τὴν δίκην μου ἐκάθισας ἐπὶ θρόνου ὁ κρίνων δικαιοσύνην
Because you carried out my judgment and my cause; you sat upon the throne, judging righteousness.
The enemy's fall is not random but judicial: the Lord has taken up the psalmist's cause as enthroned righteous judge.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκηνjusticeN1 ASF · δίκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκη: meaning 'justice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκάθισαςyou satVAI AAI2S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'you sat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίνωνpapnsm krinoV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρίνω: meaning 'papnsm krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
ἐπετίμησας ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἀπώλετο ὁ ἀσεβής τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν ἐξήλειψας εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος
You rebuked the nations, and the ungodly perished; you blotted out their name forever and ever.
The scope widens beyond one enemy to the nations and the ungodly as a class, all erased under divine rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐπετίμησαςyou rebukedVAI AAI2S · τιμάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτιμάω + ἐπι: meaning 'you rebuked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλετοperishedVBI AMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβήςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξήλειψαςyou blotted outVAI AAI2S · ἀλείφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'you blotted out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
7
τοῦ ἐχθροῦ ἐξέλιπον αἱ ῥομφαῖαι εἰς τέλος καὶ πόλεις καθεῖλες ἀπώλετο τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτῶν μετ' ἤχους
The swords of the enemy failed utterly, and you tore down cities; their memory perished with a crash.
The psalm lingers over the ruins of judgment: enemy weapons fail, cities are demolished, and even memory is drowned in destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροῦenemyN2 GSM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξέλιπονvanishVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'vanish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥομφαῖαιswordsN1A NPF · ῥομφαίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceῥομφαία: meaning 'swords'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καθεῖλεςyou tore downVBI AAI2S · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'you tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπώλετοperishedVBI AMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N NSN · μνημόσυνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἤχουςcrash / noiseN2 APM · ἦχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἦχος: meaning 'crash'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
καὶ ὁ κύριος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μένει ἡτοίμασεν ἐν κρίσει τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ
But the Lord remains forever; he prepared his throne for judgment.
Against the vanishing memory of enemies stands the enduring Lord, whose throne is established precisely for judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μένειremainV1 PAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡτοίμασενprepareVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνονthroneN2 ASM · θρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
καὶ αὐτὸς κρινεῖ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρινεῖ λαοὺς ἐν εὐθύτητι
And he himself will judge the world in righteousness; he will judge the peoples in uprightness.
The psalm moves from the speaker's personal cause to the world's moral order: the same Lord judges all peoples with rectitude.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρινεῖkrinoVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηνinhabitV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρινεῖkrinoVF2 FAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαοὺςpeoplesN2 APM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐθύτητιuprightnessN3T DSF · εὐθύτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐθύτης: meaning 'uprightness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
10
καὶ ἐγένετο κύριος καταφυγὴ τῷ πένητι βοηθὸς ἐν εὐκαιρίαις ἐν θλίψει
And the Lord became a refuge for the poor, a helper in due seasons, in affliction.
The judging Lord is not distant from suffering; his righteous reign becomes timely shelter for the poor in distress.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καταφυγὴrefugeN1 NSF · καταφυγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταφυγή: meaning 'refuge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πένητιto the poorN3T DSM · πένηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπένης: meaning 'to the poor'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βοηθὸςhelperN2 NSM · βοηθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοηθός: meaning 'helper'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐκαιρίαιςopportune timesN1A DPF · εὐκαιρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐκαιρία: meaning 'opportune times'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θλίψειafflictionN3I DSF · θλῖψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
11
καὶ ἐλπισάτωσαν ἐπὶ σὲ οἱ γινώσκοντες τὸ ὄνομά σου ὅτι οὐκ ἐγκατέλιπες τοὺς ἐκζητοῦντάς σε κύριε
And let those who know your name hope in you, because you did not abandon those seeking you, O Lord.
From refuge the psalm turns to exhortation: those who truly know the divine name should rest their hope in the God who does not forsake seekers.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπισάτωσανlet them hopeVA AAD3P · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐλπίζω: meaning 'let them hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γινώσκοντεςknowingV1 · παπνπμ γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπεςkataVBI AAI2S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκζητοῦντάςseekingV2 · παπαπμ ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
12
ψάλατε τῷ κυρίῳ τῷ κατοικοῦντι ἐν Σιων ἀναγγείλατε ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ
Sing praise to the Lord who dwells in Zion; declare among the nations his deeds.
Deliverance is not to remain private; Zion's God is to be praised there and announced among the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ψάλατεsing praiseVB AAD2P · ψάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψάλλω: meaning 'sing praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντιdwellingV2 · παπδσμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνZionN DS · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγείλατεproclaimVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύματαdeedN3M APN · ἐπιτήδευμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'deed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ὅτι ἐκζητῶν τὰ αἵματα αὐτῶν ἐμνήσθη οὐκ ἐπελάθετο τῆς κραυγῆς τῶν πενήτων
Because the one who seeks out blood remembered them; he did not forget the cry of the poor.
The Lord's memory is set against human oppression: he actively avenges blood and retains the cry of the poor in view.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκζητῶνpapnsm zeteo + ekV2 · παπνσμ ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'papnsm zeteo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματαbloodN3M APN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμνήσθηrememberedVSI API3S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπελάθετοuponVBI AMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκραυγή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνof the needyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'of the needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἐλέησόν με κύριε ἰδὲ τὴν ταπείνωσίν μου ἐκ τῶν ἐχθρῶν μου ὁ ὑψῶν με ἐκ τῶν πυλῶν τοῦ θανάτου
Have mercy on me, O Lord; see my humiliation from my enemies, you who lift me up from the gates of death,
After broad praise and proclamation, the psalm returns to direct petition, asking the Lord who rescues from death's threshold to see present affliction.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐλέησόνto have mercy onVA AAD2S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐλεέω: meaning 'to have mercy on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἰδὲseeVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπείνωσίνafflictionN3I ASF · ταπείνωσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταπείνωσις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψῶνexaltingV4 · παπνσμ ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὑψόω: meaning 'exalting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶνgatesN1 GPF · πύληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
15
ὅπως ἂν ἐξαγγείλω πάσας τὰς αἰνέσεις σου ἐν ταῖς πύλαις τῆς θυγατρὸς Σιων ἀγαλλιάσομαι ἐπὶ τῷ σωτηρίῳ σου
so that I may declare all your praises in the gates of daughter Zion; I will rejoice in your salvation.
Rescue has a public aim: life preserved from death becomes testimony and rejoicing within Zion's gates.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαγγείλωI may proclaimVA AAS1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγγέλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'I may proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰνέσειςpraiseN3I APF · αἴνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατρὸςdaughterN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣιωνZionN GS · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαλλιάσομαιrejoiceVF FMI1S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίῳsalvationN2N DSN · σωτήριονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσωτήριον: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
ἐνεπάγησαν ἔθνη ἐν διαφθορᾷ ᾗ ἐποίησαν ἐν παγίδι ταύτῃ ᾗ ἔκρυψαν συνελήμφθη ὁ ποὺς αὐτῶν
The nations were sunk in the destruction they made; in the snare they hid, their foot was caught.
The first major section closes with classic reversal: the trap prepared by the nations becomes the means of their own undoing.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνεπάγησανwere trappedVDI API3P · πήγνυμι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπήγνυμι + ἐν: meaning 'were trapped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαφθορᾷdestructionN1A DSF · διαφθοράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαφθορά: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδιsnareN3D DSF · παγίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔκρυψανhidVAI AAI3P · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρύπτω: meaning 'hid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συνελήμφθηhad been capturedVVI API3S · λαμβάνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'had been captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποὺςfootN3D NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
γινώσκεται κύριος κρίματα ποιῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ συνελήμφθη ὁ ἁμαρτωλός ᾠδὴ διαψάλματος
The Lord is known as the one who executes judgments; the sinner was caught in the works of his own hands. A song of interlude.
The psalm turns from praise into reflection: the Lord's identity is made visible in concrete acts of judgment, and the wicked are trapped by the very works they devised.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
γινώσκεταιis knownV1 PMI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'is known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρίματαjudgmentN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνελήμφθηhad been capturedVVI API3S · λαμβάνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'had been captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλόςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ᾠδὴsongN1 NSF · ᾠδήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceᾠδή: meaning 'song'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διαψάλματοςinterludeN3M GSN · διάψαλμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
18
ἀποστραφήτωσαν οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ εἰς τὸν ᾅδην πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τὰ ἐπιλανθανόμενα τοῦ θεοῦ
Let sinners be turned back into Hades, all the nations that forget God.
The meditation becomes a direct wish for reversal: those who live as though God can be forgotten are consigned to the realm of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀποστραφήτωσανlet them be turned backVD APD3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'let them be turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλοὶsinnersA1B NPM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδηνHadesN1M ASM · ᾅδηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationᾅδης: meaning 'Hades'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιλανθανόμεναforgettingV1 · πμπνπν λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπν λανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forgetting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
19
ὅτι οὐκ εἰς τέλος ἐπιλησθήσεται ὁ πτωχός ἡ ὑπομονὴ τῶν πενήτων οὐκ ἀπολεῖται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Because the poor person shall not be forgotten to the end, and the endurance of the needy shall not perish forever.
The psalm immediately balances the doom of the wicked with a promise: the poor may seem overlooked for a time, but their patient endurance is not destined for extinction.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιλησθήσεταιshall be forgottenVC FPI3S · λανθάνομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'shall be forgotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτωχόςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπομονὴypomoneN1 NSF · ὑπομονήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπομονή: meaning 'ypomone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνof the needyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'of the needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολεῖταιwill perishVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
20
ἀνάστηθι κύριε μὴ κραταιούσθω ἄνθρωπος κριθήτωσαν ἔθνη ἐνώπιόν σου
Rise up, O Lord; do not let man prevail. Let the nations be judged before you.
The speaker moves from statement into prayer, asking God to interrupt human arrogance and to summon the nations into his court.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνάστηθιrise upVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'rise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κραταιούσθωlet ... prevailV4 PMD3S · κραταιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκραταιόω: meaning 'let ... prevail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κριθήτωσανlet them be judgedVC APD3P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκρίνω: meaning 'let them be judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
κατάστησον κύριε νομοθέτην ἐπ' αὐτούς γνώτωσαν ἔθνη ὅτι ἄνθρωποί εἰσιν διάψαλμα
Appoint, O Lord, a lawgiver over them. Let the nations know that they are human beings. Interlude.
The prayer asks for instruction through judgment: the nations must learn their creaturely status and abandon any illusion of self-sufficient power.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κατάστησονset / stationVA AAD2S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
νομοθέτηνlawgiverN1M ASM · νομοθέτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνομοθέτης: meaning 'lawgiver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γνώτωσανlet ... knowVZ AAD3P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγιγνώσκω: meaning 'let ... know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποίhuman beingsN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human beings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰσινareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
22
ἵνα τί κύριε ἀφέστηκας μακρόθεν ὑπερορᾷς ἐν εὐκαιρίαις ἐν θλίψει
Why, O Lord, have you stood far off? Why do you overlook the opportune moments of affliction?
A new movement opens in lament. The problem is not abstract suffering alone, but the felt absence of God precisely when distress seems most urgent.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀφέστηκαςhave you stood far offVXI XAI2S · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'have you stood far off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μακρόθενfrom afarD · μακρόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρόθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερορᾷςdo you overlookV3 PAI2S · ὁράω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁράω + ὑπερ: meaning 'do you overlook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐκαιρίαιςopportune timesN1A DPF · εὐκαιρίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐκαιρία: meaning 'opportune times'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θλίψειafflictionN3I DSF · θλῖψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
23
ἐν τῷ ὑπερηφανεύεσθαι τὸν ἀσεβῆ ἐμπυρίζεται ὁ πτωχός συλλαμβάνονται ἐν διαβουλίοις οἷς διαλογίζονται
In the pride of the ungodly the poor one is set ablaze; they are caught in the schemes they devise.
The lament now names the mechanism of oppression: arrogant wickedness scorches the poor, yet the conspirators are already being ensnared by their own plans.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερηφανεύεσθαιbeing proudV1I PMN · ὑπερηφανεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὑπερηφανεύω: meaning 'being proud'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβῆungodlyA3H ASM · ἀσεβήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπυρίζεταιis inflamedV1 PMI3S · πυρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'is inflamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτωχόςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
συλλαμβάνονταιare caughtV1 PMI3P · λαμβάνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'are caught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
διαβουλίοιςcounselsN2N DPN · διαβούλιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαβούλιον: meaning 'counsels'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαλογίζονταιthey deviseV1 PMI3P · λογίζομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλογίζομαι + δια: meaning 'they devise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
24
ὅτι ἐπαινεῖται ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ὁ ἀδικῶν ἐνευλογεῖται
Because the sinner is praised in the desires of his soul, and the one who acts unjustly is blessed.
The complaint deepens by showing a disordered public world in which desire is celebrated and the unjust receive approval instead of rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαινεῖταιἐπαινεῖταιV2 PMI3S · αἰνέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἰνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπαινεῖται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμίαιςdesireN1A DPF · ἐπιθυμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικῶνdoing wrongV2 · παπνσμ ἀδικέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀδικέω: meaning 'doing wrong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνευλογεῖταιis blessedV2 PMI3S · εὐλογέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐλογέω + ἐν: meaning 'is blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
παρώξυνεν τὸν κύριον ὁ ἁμαρτωλός κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐκζητήσει οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ θεὸς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ
The sinner provoked the Lord; according to the abundance of his anger he says, “He will not call to account; God is not before him.”
The psalm discloses the inner creed of the wicked: practical atheism grows out of rage and assumes that no reckoning stands ahead.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
παρώξυνενspurnedVAI AAI3S · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'spurned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλόςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκζητήσειdemand backVF FAI3S · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'demand back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
βεβηλοῦνται αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ἀνταναιρεῖται τὰ κρίματά σου ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ πάντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ κατακυριεύσει
His ways are profaned at every time; your judgments are removed from before him; he will dominate all his enemies.
The complaint catalogs the apparent success of the wicked. Because divine judgments seem distant from his sight, his conduct remains corrupt and domineering.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
βεβηλοῦνταιare profanedV4 PMI3P · βεβηλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβεβηλόω: meaning 'are profaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὶwaysN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'ways'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνταναιρεῖταιare removedV2 PMI3S · αἱρέω + ἀντι ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἱρέω + ἀντι ἀνα: meaning 'are removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίματάjudgmentsN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατακυριεύσειhe will dominateVF FAI3S · κυριεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυριεύω + κατα: meaning 'he will dominate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
εἶπεν γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ σαλευθῶ ἀπὸ γενεᾶς εἰς γενεὰν ἄνευ κακοῦ
For he said in his heart, “I shall never be shaken; from generation to generation I shall be without calamity.”
The wicked person's interior speech is quoted directly. His imagined permanence stretches across generations and leaves no room for judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαλευθῶbe shakenVC APS1S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyσαλεύω: meaning 'be shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεᾶςof generationN1A GSF · γενεάgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγενεά: meaning 'of generation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γενεὰνgenerationN1A ASF · γενεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγενεά: meaning 'generation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνευwithoutP · ἄνευpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἄνευ: meaning 'without'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κακοῦevilA1 GSM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
28
οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας καὶ δόλου ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ κόπος καὶ πόνος
His mouth is full of curse and bitterness and deceit; under his tongue are toil and pain.
The inner boast now spills into speech. What fills the mouth and hides under the tongue reveals verbal predation as a form of lived violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀρᾶςcurseN1A GSF · ἀράgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀρά: meaning 'curse'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γέμειis fullV1 PAI3S · γέμωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγέμω: meaning 'is full'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πικρίαςbitternessN1A GSF · πικρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπικρία: meaning 'bitterness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δόλουdeceitN2 GSM · δόλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδόλος: meaning 'deceit'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσανtongueN1S ASF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κόποςtoilN2 NSM · κόποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκόπος: meaning 'toil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόνοςpainN2 NSM · πόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
29
ἐγκάθηται ἐνέδρᾳ μετὰ πλουσίων ἐν ἀποκρύφοις ἀποκτεῖναι ἀθῷον οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν πένητα ἀποβλέπουσιν
He sits in ambush with the rich in hidden places to kill the innocent; his eyes look toward the poor man.
Violence becomes concrete and social. The wicked one stations himself covertly, aligning with power in order to hunt the innocent and watch for the vulnerable.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐγκάθηταιsits in ambushV5 PMI3S · ἧμαι + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἧμαι + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'sits in ambush'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνέδρᾳambushN1A DSF · ἐνέδραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνέδρα: meaning 'ambush'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλουσίωνof the richA1A GPM · πλούσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλούσιος: meaning 'of the rich'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀποκρύφοιςhidden thingsA1B DPN · ἀπόκρυφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπόκρυφος: meaning 'hidden things'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀποκτεῖναιto killVA AAN · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'to kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀθῷονinnocentA1 ASM · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πένηταpoor manN3T ASM · πένηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποβλέπουσινlook towardV1 PAI3P · βλέπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβλέπω + ἀπο: meaning 'look toward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
ἐνεδρεύει ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ ὡς λέων ἐν τῇ μάνδρᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐνεδρεύει τοῦ ἁρπάσαι πτωχόν ἁρπάσαι πτωχὸν ἐν τῷ ἑλκύσαι αὐτόν
He lies in wait in a hidden place like a lion in his enclosure; he lies in wait to seize a poor person, to seize a poor person when he draws him in.
Animal imagery sharpens the accusation. The wicked are not merely careless; they stalk, seize, and drag in the poor with calculated ferocity.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνεδρεύειlies in waitV1 PAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'lies in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀποκρύφῳhidden placeA1B DSN · ἀπόκρυφοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπόκρυφος: meaning 'hidden place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέωνlionN3W NSM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάνδρᾳenclosureN1A DSF · μάνδραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάνδρα: meaning 'enclosure'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνεδρεύειlies in waitV1 PAI3S · ἐνεδρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐνεδρεύω: meaning 'lies in wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁρπάσαιto seizeVA AAN · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁρπάζω: meaning 'to seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχόνpoor personN2 ASM · πτωχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor person'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἁρπάσαιto seizeVA AAN · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁρπάζω: meaning 'to seize'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχὸνneedy / poor manN2 ASM · πτωχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτωχός: meaning 'needy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑλκύσαιto drawVA AAN · ἕλκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἕλκω: meaning 'to draw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
31
ἐν τῇ παγίδι αὐτοῦ ταπεινώσει αὐτόν κύψει καὶ πεσεῖται ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν κατακυριεῦσαι τῶν πενήτων
In his snare he will bring him low; he will crouch and fall when he has dominated the needy.
The ambush image reaches its turning point: the trap humiliates its victim, yet the phrasing also hints that the predator's own crouching power is unstable and headed toward collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παγίδιsnareN3D DSF · παγίςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταπεινώσειhumiliationN3I DSF · ταπείνωσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταπείνωσις: meaning 'humiliation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύψειcrouchVF FAI3S · κύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκύπτω: meaning 'crouch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσεῖταιfallVF2 FMI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατακυριεῦσαιto dominateVA AAN · κυριεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκυριεύω + κατα: meaning 'to dominate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνof the needyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'of the needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
32
εἶπεν γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐπιλέλησται ὁ θεός ἀπέστρεψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν εἰς τέλος
For he said in his heart, “God has forgotten; he turned away his face so as never to see.”
The psalm returns to the wicked person's inward reasoning. His violence rests on the conviction that God neither remembers nor sees.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπιλέλησταιhas forgottenVM XMI1S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'has forgotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέπεινlookV1 PAN · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβλέπω: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
33
ἀνάστηθι κύριε ὁ θεός ὑψωθήτω ἡ χείρ σου μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ τῶν πενήτων
Rise up, O Lord God; let your hand be lifted high; do not forget the needy.
The speaker answers the wicked confession with a counter-prayer: the hand thought absent is invoked to rise visibly on behalf of the needy.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνάστηθιrise upVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'rise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑψωθήτωlet ... be lifted highVC APD3S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω: meaning 'let ... be lifted high'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθῃforgetVB AAS3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'forget'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνof the needyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'of the needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
34
ἕνεκεν τίνος παρώξυνεν ὁ ἀσεβὴς τὸν θεόν εἶπεν γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐκζητήσει
For what reason did the ungodly provoke God? For he said in his heart, “He will not call to account.”
The prayer pauses to frame the offense as a moral absurdity: the ungodly provoke God precisely because they imagine that no inquiry will follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'eneken'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρώξυνενspurnedVAI AAI3S · ὀξύνω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'spurned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκζητήσειdemand backVF FAI3S · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'demand back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
35
βλέπεις ὅτι σὺ πόνον καὶ θυμὸν κατανοεῖς τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτοὺς εἰς χεῖράς σου σοὶ οὖν ἐγκαταλέλειπται ὁ πτωχός ὀρφανῷ σὺ ἦσθα βοηθῶν
You see, because you observe toil and provocation, to hand them over into your hands. So the poor person has been left to you; you were a helper to the orphan.
Complaint gives way to confidence. God does in fact see the misery and rage at issue, and the helpless are entrusted to the one whose history is to help the fatherless.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
βλέπειςdo you seeV1 PAI2S · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβλέπω: meaning 'do you see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πόνονaffliction / painN2 ASM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμὸνθυμόςN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατανοεῖςyou observeV2 PAI2S · νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processνοέω + κατα: meaning 'you observe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδοῦναιto hand overVO AAN · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖράςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλέλειπταιhas been leftVP XMI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'has been left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτωχόςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀρφανῷorphanA1 DSM · ὀρφανόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦσθαyou wereV9 IAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'you were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βοηθῶνboethosN2 GPM · βοηθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβοηθός: meaning 'boethos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
36
σύντριψον τὸν βραχίονα τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ πονηροῦ ζητηθήσεται ἡ ἁμαρτία αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ δι' αὐτήν
Break the arm of the sinner and the evil man; his sin shall be sought out, and it shall certainly not be found because of it.
The prayer sharpens into a request for the destruction of oppressive power itself. To break the arm is to end the capacity for predation and to expose sin completely.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
σύντριψονcrushVA AAD2S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτρίβω + συν: meaning 'crush'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίοναarmN3N ASM · βραχίωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβραχίων: meaning 'arm'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλοῦof a sinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'of a sinner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηροῦwith evilA1A GSM · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'with evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζητηθήσεταιshall be soughtVC FPI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω: meaning 'shall be sought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαsinN1A NSF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεθῇfindVC APS3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
37
βασιλεύσει κύριος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀπολεῖσθε ἔθνη ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ
The Lord shall reign forever, even forever and ever. O nations, you shall perish from his land.
The psalm now answers fear with kingship. The Lord's reign is enduring, and the nations that seemed unassailable are addressed as transient before his domain.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
βασιλεύσειreignedVF FAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπολεῖσθεyou shall perishVF2 FMI2P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'you shall perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηO nationsN3E VPN · ἔθνοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressἔθνος: meaning 'O nations'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
38
τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν πενήτων εἰσήκουσεν κύριος τὴν ἑτοιμασίαν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν προσέσχεν τὸ οὖς σου
The Lord heard the desire of the needy; to the readiness of their heart your ear paid attention.
The conclusion states the answer plainly: the desire and inward preparation of the needy have reached the Lord's attentive ear.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμίανdesireN1A ASF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνof the needyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'of the needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰσήκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑτοιμασίανprepared placeN1A ASF · ἑτοιμασίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑτοιμασία: meaning 'prepared place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσέσχενpaid attentionVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔχω + προς: meaning 'paid attention'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3 ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
39
κρῖναι ὀρφανῷ καὶ ταπεινῷ ἵνα μὴ προσθῇ ἔτι τοῦ μεγαλαυχεῖν ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
To judge the orphan and the humble, so that a human being may no longer continue to boast upon the earth.
The psalm ends with the goal of God's intervention: justice for the defenseless and the silencing of human arrogance on the earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κρῖναιjudgeVA AAN · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀρφανῷorphanA1 DSM · ὀρφανόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινῷthe lowlyA1 DSM · ταπεινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceταπεινός: meaning 'the lowly'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσθῇaddVE AAS3S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτίθημι + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγαλαυχεῖνto boast greatlyV2 PAN · μεγαλαυχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμεγαλαυχέω: meaning 'to boast greatly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.