1
ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ τετράδι σαββάτων ὁ θεὸς ἐκδικήσεων κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐκδικήσεων ἐπαρρησιάσατο
A psalm for David, for the fourth day of the week. O God of acts of vengeance, the Lord, the God of acts of vengeance, has spoken boldly.
The superscription yields immediately to an urgent appeal that names the Lord by his avenging justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετράδιfourth dayN3 DSF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'fourth day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαββάτωνof the weekN2N GPN · σάββατονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσάββατον: meaning 'of the week'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκδικήσεωνof acts of vengeanceN3I GPF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'of acts of vengeance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκδικήσεωνof acts of vengeanceN3I GPF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'of acts of vengeance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπαρρησιάσατοhas spoken boldlyVAI AMI3S · παρρησιάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπαρρησιάζομαι: meaning 'has spoken boldly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
ὑψώθητι ὁ κρίνων τὴν γῆν ἀπόδος ἀνταπόδοσιν τοῖς ὑπερηφάνοις
Rise up, O judge of the earth; repay the proud with what they deserve.
The prayer asks the universal judge to manifest himself and answer arrogance with fitting recompense.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὑψώθητιbe lifted upVC APD2S · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω: meaning 'be lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίνωνjudgingV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρίνω: meaning 'judging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπόδοςrepayVO AAD2S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνταπόδοσινrecompenseN3I ASF · ἀνταπόδοσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνταπόδοσις: meaning 'recompense'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπερηφάνοιςproudA1B DPM · ὑπερήφανοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑπερήφανος: meaning 'proud'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
3
ἕως πότε ἁμαρτωλοί κύριε ἕως πότε ἁμαρτωλοὶ καυχήσονται
How long shall sinners, O Lord, how long shall sinners boast?
The repeated question measures the intolerable duration of the wicked's triumph.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἕωςhow long / untilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'how long'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πότεwhen / how longX · πότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτωλοίsinnersA1B NPM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἕωςhow long / untilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'how long'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πότεwhen / how longX · πότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτωλοὶsinnersA1B NPM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καυχήσονταιwill boastVF FMI3P · καυχάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαυχάομαι: meaning 'will boast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
φθέγξονται καὶ λαλήσουσιν ἀδικίαν λαλήσουσιν πάντες οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν
They will pour out and speak injustice; all who work lawlessness will keep speaking.
The boast of the wicked takes verbal form as shameless, repeated speech of injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φθέγξονταιwill utterVF FMI3P · φθέγγομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφθέγγομαι: meaning 'will utter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσουσινwill speakVF FAI3P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαλήσουσινwill speakVF FAI3P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐργαζόμενοιworkingV1 · πμπνπμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
5
τὸν λαόν σου κύριε ἐταπείνωσαν καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν σου ἐκάκωσαν
They humbled your people, O Lord, and they mistreated your inheritance.
Their violence is not abstract; it strikes the covenant people whom the Lord claims as his own.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἐταπείνωσανthey humbledVAI AAI3P · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'they humbled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκάκωσανthey afflictedVAI AAI3P · κακόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκακόω: meaning 'they afflicted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
χήραν καὶ προσήλυτον ἀπέκτειναν καὶ ὀρφανοὺς ἐφόνευσαν
They killed the widow and the resident alien, and they murdered orphans.
The charge sharpens by naming the most vulnerable victims of their brutality.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
χήρανwidowN1A ASF · χήραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήλυτονresident alienN2 ASM · προσήλυτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροσήλυτος: meaning 'resident alien'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπέκτεινανthey killedVAI AAI3P · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'they killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρφανοὺςorphansA1 APM · ὀρφανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀρφανός: meaning 'orphans'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐφόνευσανthey murderedVAI AAI3P · φονεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφονεύω: meaning 'they murdered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
καὶ εἶπαν οὐκ ὄψεται κύριος οὐδὲ συνήσει ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Ιακωβ
And they said, 'The Lord will not see, nor will the God of Jacob understand.'
Their cruelty is underwritten by a theology of practical atheism: they imagine Israel's God does not notice.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψεταιwill seeVF FMI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'will see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήσειwill understandVF FAI3S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + συν: meaning 'will understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN GSM · Ἰακώβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
8
σύνετε δή ἄφρονες ἐν τῷ λαῷ καί μωροί ποτὲ φρονήσατε
Understand now, you senseless among the people; and you fools, when will you become wise?
The psalmist pivots from complaint to direct instruction, summoning the dull-hearted to think.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σύνετεunderstandVB AAD2P · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵημι + συν: meaning 'understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δήnowX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρονεςsenseless onesA3N NPM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'senseless ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καίandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μωροίfoolsA1A NPM · μωρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμωρός: meaning 'fools'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποτὲeverX · ποτέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποτὲ: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φρονήσατεbe wiseVA AAD2P · φρονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφρονέω: meaning 'be wise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ὁ φυτεύσας τὸ οὖς οὐχὶ ἀκούει ἢ ὁ πλάσας τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν οὐ κατανοεῖ
He who planted the ear, does he not hear? Or he who formed the eye, does he not perceive?
Creation itself refutes the claim that God is blind or deaf.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυτεύσαςhaving plantedVA · ααπνσμ φυτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ φυτεύω: meaning 'having planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὖςearN3 ASN · οὖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant referenceοὖς: meaning 'ear'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐχὶdoes not?D · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'does not?'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούειhearV1 PAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσαςhaving formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'having formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμὸνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐοὐD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'οὐ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατανοεῖperceiveV2 PAI3S · νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processνοέω + κατα: meaning 'perceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ὁ παιδεύων ἔθνη οὐχὶ ἐλέγξει ὁ διδάσκων ἄνθρωπον γνῶσιν
He who disciplines nations, will he not reprove? He who teaches man knowledge?
The Lord who educates peoples and grants knowledge is certainly able to expose guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδεύωνdiscipliningV1 · παπνσμ παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ παιδεύω: meaning 'disciplining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐχὶdoes not?D · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'does not?'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλέγξειwill reproveVF FAI3S · ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλέγχω: meaning 'will reprove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διδάσκωνteachingV1 · παπνσμ διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ διδάσκω: meaning 'teaching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
11
κύριος γινώσκει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι
The Lord knows the thoughts of men, that they are vain.
The instructional section culminates by judging human schemes as empty before divine knowledge.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γινώσκειknowsV1 PAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαλογισμοὺςthoughtsN2 APM · διαλογισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδιαλογισμός: meaning 'thoughts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνmenN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσὶνareV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάταιοιvainA1A NPM · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
12
μακάριος ἄνθρωπος ὃν ἂν σὺ παιδεύσῃς κύριε καὶ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου σου διδάξῃς αὐτὸν
Blessed is the man whom you discipline, O Lord, and whom you teach out of your law,
The psalm now blesses the one who receives the Lord's hard but saving instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςmanN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἂνeverX · ἄνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παιδεύσῃςdisciplineVA AAS2S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπαιδεύω: meaning 'discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διδάξῃςteachVA AAS2S · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyδιδάσκω: meaning 'teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
τοῦ πραῦναι αὐτῷ ἀφ' ἡμερῶν πονηρῶν ἕως οὗ ὀρυγῇ τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ βόθρος
to give him rest from evil days, until a pit is dug for the sinner.
Discipline has a preserving purpose: the righteous are quieted while judgment is prepared for the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πραῦναιto give restVA AAN · πραύ̈νωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπραύ̈νω: meaning 'to give rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμερῶνdaysN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηρῶνevilA1A GPF · πονηρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςhow long / untilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'how long'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὗwhich / untilRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὀρυγῇis dugVQ API3S · ὀρύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀρύσσω: meaning 'is dug'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτωλῷfor the sinnerA1B DSM · ἁμαρτωλόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'for the sinner'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
βόθροςpitN2 NSM · βόθροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβόθρος: meaning 'pit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
ὅτι οὐκ ἀπώσεται κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψει
For the Lord will not reject his people, and he will not abandon his inheritance.
The blessedness of divine discipline rests on covenant certainty: the Lord keeps his own.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώσεταιwill rejectVF FMI3S · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'will reject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκαταλείψειwill abandonVF FAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'will abandon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἕως οὗ δικαιοσύνη ἐπιστρέψῃ εἰς κρίσιν καὶ ἐχόμενοι αὐτῆς πάντες οἱ εὐθεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ διάψαλμα
Until righteousness returns to judgment, and all the upright in heart will follow after it. Selah.
The present distortion of justice is temporary; judgment will again align with righteousness and gather the upright.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἕωςhow long / untilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'how long'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὗwhich / untilRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιστρέψῃreturnsVF FMI2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'returns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχόμενοιholding fastV1 · πμπνπμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'holding fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςto itRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'to it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθεῖςuprightA3U NPM · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῇin theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
διάψαλμαselahN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'selah'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
16
τίς ἀναστήσεταί μοι ἐπὶ πονηρευομένους ἢ τίς συμπαραστήσεταί μοι ἐπὶ ἐργαζομένους τὴν ἀνομίαν
Who will rise up for me against evildoers? Or who will stand beside me against those who work lawlessness?
The communal complaint narrows into the singer's own search for a defender.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναστήσεταίwill rise upVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'will rise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πονηρευομένουςthose doing evilV1 · πμπαπμ πονηρεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ πονηρεύομαι: meaning 'those doing evil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συμπαραστήσεταίwill stand besideVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + συν + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + συν + παρα: meaning 'will stand beside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐργαζομένουςthose workingV1 · πμπαπμ ἐργάζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἐργάζομαι: meaning 'those working'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
17
εἰ μὴ ὅτι κύριος ἐβοήθησέν μοι παρὰ βραχὺ παρῴκησεν τῷ ᾅδῃ ἡ ψυχή μου
If the Lord had not helped me, my soul would soon have dwelt in Hades.
The answer to the question is the Lord himself, who kept the speaker from descending to death.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐβοήθησένhelpedVAI AAI3S · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοηθέω: meaning 'helped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρὰalmostP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'almost'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βραχὺa littleA3U ASN · βραχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβραχύς: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρῴκησενhad dweltVAI AAI3S · οἰκέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἰκέω + παρα: meaning 'had dwelt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾅδῃin HadesN1M DSM · ᾅδηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceᾅδης: meaning 'in Hades'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
εἰ ἔλεγον σεσάλευται ὁ πούς μου τὸ ἔλεός σου κύριε βοηθεῖ μοι
If I said, 'My foot has been shaken,' your mercy, O Lord, was helping me.
At the moment of instability, divine mercy functioned as immediate support.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεγονI was sayingV1I IAI1S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'I was saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσάλευταιhas been shakenVX XPI3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσαλεύω: meaning 'has been shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πούςfootN3 NSM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
βοηθεῖhelpsV2 PAI3S · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβοηθέω: meaning 'helps'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
κύριε κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ὀδυνῶν μου ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου αἱ παρακλήσεις σου ἠγάπησαν τὴν ψυχήν μου
O Lord, according to the multitude of my pains within my heart, your consolations delighted my soul.
Inner distress is met not by abstraction but by the Lord's many consolations.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀδυνῶνof painsN1 GPF · ὀδύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀδύνη: meaning 'of pains'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇin theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρακλήσειςconsolationsN3I NPF · παράκλησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράκλησις: meaning 'consolations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠγάπησανdelightedVAI AAI3P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαπάω: meaning 'delighted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
μὴ συμπροσέσται σοι θρόνος ἀνομίας ὁ πλάσσων κόπον ἐπὶ προστάγματι
Will a throne of lawlessness be joined with you, one that fashions misery by decree?
The psalm denies any alliance between the Lord and regimes that institutionalize injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμπροσέσταιwill be alliedV9 FMI3S · εἰμί + συν + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί + συν + προς: meaning 'will be allied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοιwith youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'with you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
θρόνοςthroneN2 NSM · θρόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνομίαςof lawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'of lawlessness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσσωνfashioningV1 · παπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'fashioning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κόπονmiseryN2 ASM · κόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόπος: meaning 'misery'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προστάγματιby decreeN3M DSN · πρόσταγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρόσταγμα: meaning 'by decree'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
21
θηρεύσουσιν ἐπὶ ψυχὴν δικαίου καὶ αἷμα ἀθῷον καταδικάσονται
They hunt for the life of the righteous, and they will condemn innocent blood.
The corrupt throne is unmasked by its predatory targeting of the righteous and the innocent.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
θηρεύσουσινthey huntVF FAI3P · θηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθηρεύω: meaning 'they hunt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δικαίουof the righteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀθῷονinnocentA1 ASN · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καταδικάσονταιthey will condemnVF FMI3P · δικάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικάζω + κατα: meaning 'they will condemn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
καὶ ἐγένετό μοι κύριος εἰς καταφυγὴν καὶ ὁ θεός μου εἰς βοηθὸν ἐλπίδος μου
But the Lord became a refuge for me, and my God became the helper of my hope.
Against violent power stands the speaker's settled confession that God himself is his refuge.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετόbecameVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καταφυγὴνrefugeN1 ASF · καταφυγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταφυγή: meaning 'refuge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βοηθὸνhelperN2 ASM · βοηθόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβοηθός: meaning 'helper'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐλπίδοςof hopeN3D GSF · ἐλπίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐλπίς: meaning 'of hope'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
καὶ ἀποδώσει αὐτοῖς τὴν ἀνομίαν αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τὴν πονηρίαν αὐτῶν ἀφανιεῖ αὐτοὺς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν
And he will repay them for their lawlessness, and according to their evil he will destroy them; the Lord our God will destroy them.
The psalm ends where it began, with confident expectation that the Lord will answer evil in righteous judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδώσειwill repayVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρίανevilN1A ASF · πονηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀφανιεῖwill destroyVF2 FAI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.