1
ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυιδ ὁ κύριος ἐβασίλευσεν ὀργιζέσθωσαν λαοί ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῶν χερουβιν σαλευθήτω ἡ γῆ
A psalm for David. The Lord has become king; let the peoples be enraged. He sits upon the cherubim; let the earth be shaken.
The psalm opens with the Lord's reign provoking the nations and unsettling the whole earth.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐβασίλευσενhas become kingVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'has become king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργιζέσθωσανlet be enragedV1 PMD3P · ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀργίζω: meaning 'let be enraged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαοίpeoplesN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθήμενοςsittingV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶtogether / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'together'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σαλευθήτωlet be shakenVC APD3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσαλεύω: meaning 'let be shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
κύριος ἐν Σιων μέγας καὶ ὑψηλός ἐστιν ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς λαούς
The Lord is great in Zion, and he is high over all the peoples.
His rule is centered in Zion yet extends far above every nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψηλόςhighA1 NSM · ὑψηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶtogether / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'together'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταςπᾶςA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'πᾶς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαούςλαόςN2 APM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'λαός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἐξομολογησάσθωσαν τῷ ὀνόματί σου τῷ μεγάλῳ ὅτι φοβερὸν καὶ ἅγιόν ἐστιν
Let them give thanks to your great name, because it is fearsome and holy.
The proper response to this reign is reverent praise of the holy name.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐξομολογησάσθωσανlet them give thanksVA AMD3P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'let them give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλῳgreatA1 DSM · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβερὸνfearsomeA1A NSN · φοβερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφοβερός: meaning 'fearsome'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅγιόνἅγιοςA1A NSN · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
καὶ τιμὴ βασιλέως κρίσιν ἀγαπᾷ σὺ ἡτοίμασας εὐθύτητας κρίσιν καὶ δικαιοσύνην ἐν Ιακωβ σὺ ἐποίησας
And the king's honor loves judgment; you prepared uprightness; you performed judgment and righteousness in Jacob.
The holiness of the Lord is expressed not only in terror but in equitable rule among his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τιμὴhonorN1 NSF · τιμήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτιμή: meaning 'honor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀγαπᾷlovesV3 PAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγαπάω: meaning 'loves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡτοίμασαςpreparedVAI AAI2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὐθύτηταςuprightnessN3T APF · εὐθύτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὐθύτης: meaning 'uprightness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN DSM · Ἰακώβadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησαςποιέωVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'ποιέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ὑψοῦτε κύριον τὸν θεὸν ἡμῶν καὶ προσκυνεῖτε τῷ ὑποποδίῳ τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἅγιός ἐστιν
Exalt the Lord our God, and worship at the footstool of his feet, because he is holy.
The congregation is summoned to embodied reverence before the holy king.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὑψοῦτεexaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω: meaning 'exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνεῖτεworshipV2 PAD2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποποδίῳfootstoolN2N DSN · ὑποπόδιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὑποπόδιον: meaning 'footstool'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfeetN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅγιόςἅγιοςA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων ἐν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ Σαμουηλ ἐν τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐπεκαλοῦντο τὸν κύριον καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπήκουσεν αὐτῶν
Moses and Aaron were among his priests, and Samuel among those calling on his name; they were calling on the Lord, and he heard them.
Israel's great mediators prove that this holy Lord truly listens to those who invoke him.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ΜωυσῆςMosesN1M NSM · Μωυσῆςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronN NSM · Ἀαρώνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: meaning 'Aaron'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμουηλSamuelN NSM · Σαμουήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣαμουηλ: meaning 'Samuel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπικαλουμένοιςcalling onV2 · πμπδπμ καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ καλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'calling on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπεκαλοῦντοwere calling onV2I IMI3P · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'were calling on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςsameRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπήκουσενheardVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ἐν στύλῳ νεφέλης ἐλάλει πρὸς αὐτούς ἐφύλασσον τὰ μαρτύρια αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ προστάγματα ἃ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς
In a pillar of cloud he was speaking to them; they kept his testimonies and the ordinances he gave them.
The memory of divine speech from the cloud ties holiness to covenant instruction and obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
στύλῳpillarN2 DSM · στῦλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceστῦλος: meaning 'pillar'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
νεφέληςcloudN1 GSF · νεφέληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐλάλειwas speakingV2I IAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'was speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐφύλασσονthey keptV1I IAI3P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφυλάσσω: meaning 'they kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτύριαtestimoniesN2N APN · μαρτύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμαρτύριον: meaning 'testimonies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματαordinancesN3M APN · πρόσταγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: meaning 'ordinances'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενhe gaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'he gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςfor themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'for them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν σὺ ἐπήκουες αὐτῶν ὁ θεός σὺ εὐίλατος ἐγίνου αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐκδικῶν ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτῶν
O Lord our God, you were hearing them; O God, you became gracious to them, while avenging all their practices.
The psalm confesses the double truth of mercy and moral seriousness in God's dealings with his servants.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςθεόςN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'θεός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπήκουεςἀκούω + ἐπιV1I IAI2S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἀκούω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εὐίλατοςgraciousA1B NSM · εὐί̈λατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐί̈λατος: meaning 'gracious'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγίνουyou becameV1I IMI2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'you became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςfor themRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'for them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικῶνavengingV2 · παπνσμ δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'avenging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶtogether / uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'together'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύματαpracticesN3M APN · ἐπιτήδευμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'practices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
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ὑψοῦτε κύριον τὸν θεὸν ἡμῶν καὶ προσκυνεῖτε εἰς ὄρος ἅγιον αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἅγιος κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν
Exalt the Lord our God, and worship at his holy mountain, because the Lord our God is holy.
The final refrain returns from memory to present worship, grounding everything in the Lord's holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὑψοῦτεexaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὑψόω: meaning 'exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνὁRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσκυνεῖτεworshipV2 PAI2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἅγιονἅγιοςA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'ἅγιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςθεόςN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'θεός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.