1
δεξιὰ κυρίου ἐσκέπασέν με δεξιὰ κυρίου ἐφείσατο ἡμῶν
The Lord's right hand sheltered me; the Lord's right hand spared us.
The psalm opens with a concise confession that divine power both covered and spared the speaker's community.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δεξιὰright handA1A NSF · δεξιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἐσκέπασένshelteredVAI AAI3S · σκεπάζωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingσκεπάζω: meaning 'sheltered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
δεξιὰright handA1A NSF · δεξιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἐφείσατοsparedVAI AMI3S · φείδομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingφείδομαι: meaning 'spared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ἡμῶνusRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionἡμῶν: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
2
ὁ βραχίων κυρίου ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ ῥομφαίας διαπορευομένης ἀπὸ λιμοῦ καὶ θανάτου ἁμαρτωλῶν
The arm of the Lord saved us from a sword sweeping through, from famine, and from the death of sinners.
The saving action is specified: the Lord rescues from warfare, famine, and the death that belongs to sinners.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
βραχίωνarmN3N NSM · βραχίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineβραχίων: meaning 'arm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἔσωσενsavedVAI AAI3S · σώζωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingσώζω: meaning 'saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
ῥομφαίαςswordN1A GSF · ῥομφαίαgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
διαπορευομένηςsweeping throughV1 · πμπγσφ πορεύομαι + διαparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationπμπγσφ πορεύομαι + δια: meaning 'sweeping through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
λιμοῦfamineN2 GSM · λιμόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersA1B APN · ἁμαρτωλόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
3
θηρία ἐπεδράμοσαν αὐτοῖς πονηρά ἐν τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν αὐτῶν ἐτίλλοσαν σάρκας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ταῖς μύλαις ἔθλων ὀστᾶ αὐτῶν
Savage beasts rushed upon them; with their teeth they tore their flesh, and with their molars they ground their bones.
A brutal image of beastly destruction intensifies the danger from which the faithful were spared.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
θηρίαbeastsN2N APN · θηρίονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionθηρίον: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἐπεδράμοσανrushed uponVBI AAI3P · τρέχω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingτρέχω + ἐπι: meaning 'rushed upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
πονηράsavageA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionπονηρός: meaning 'savage'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὀδοῦσινteethN3 DPM · ὀδούςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceὀδούς: meaning 'teeth'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἐτίλλοσανthey toreVAI AAI3P · τίλλωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingτίλλω: meaning 'they tore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
μύλαιςmolarsN1 DPF · μύλνdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceμύλν: meaning 'molars'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
ἔθλωνthey groundVB IAI3P · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingἔρχομαι: meaning 'they ground'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
4
καὶ ἐκ τούτων ἁπάντων ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς κύριος
And from all these things the Lord delivered us.
The terrifying particulars are gathered into one thankful conclusion: the Lord delivered his people from them all.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
τούτωνthese thingsRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionοὗτος: meaning 'these things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἁπάντωνallA3 GPM · ἅπαςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionἅπας: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἐρρύσατοdeliveredVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingῥύομαι: meaning 'delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
κύριοςκύριοςN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineκύριος: meaning 'κύριος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
5
ἐταράχθη ὁ εὐσεβὴς διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτοῦ μήποτε συμπαραληφθῇ μετὰ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν
The devout man was troubled because of his own transgressions, lest he be taken away together with sinners.
The focus shifts inward as the devout fear their own faults and dread being swept into common judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐταράχθηwas troubledVCI API3S · ταράσσωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingταράσσω: meaning 'was troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
εὐσεβὴςdevoutA3H NSM · εὐσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineεὐσεβής: meaning 'devout'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
παραπτώματαtransgressionsN3M APN · παράπτωμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionπαράπτωμα: meaning 'transgressions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
μήποτεlest perhapsD · μήποτεconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultμήποτε: meaning 'lest perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συμπαραληφθῇhe be taken togetherVV APS3S · λαμβάνω + συν + παραmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingλαμβάνω + συν + παρα: meaning 'he be taken together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultμετὰ: meaning 'with'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
6
ὅτι δεινὴ ἡ καταστροφὴ τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ οὐχ ἅψεται δικαίου οὐδὲν ἐκ πάντων τούτων
For terrible is the destruction of the sinner, and none of these things will touch the righteous.
The speaker explains that fear by recalling how dreadful the sinner's downfall is, while insisting that such ruin does not strike the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δεινὴterribleA1 NSF · δεινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineδεινός: meaning 'terrible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
καταστροφὴdestructionN1 NSF · καταστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineκαταστροφή: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτωλοῦsinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅψεταιwill touchVF FMI3S · ἅπτομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingἅπτομαι: meaning 'will touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
δικαίουrighteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
οὐδὲνnothingA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionοὐδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
πάντωνπάντωνA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionπᾶς: meaning 'πάντων'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
τούτωνthese thingsRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionοὗτος: meaning 'these things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
7
ὅτι οὐχ ὁμοία ἡ παιδεία τῶν δικαίων ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ καὶ ἡ καταστροφὴ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν
For the chastening of the righteous in ignorance is not like the destruction of sinners.
The poem states its theological thesis directly: righteous discipline and sinner-destruction are not the same thing.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοίαthe sameA1A APN · ὅμοιοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὅμοιος: meaning 'the same'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
ἀγνοίᾳin ignoranceN1A DSF · ἄγνοιαdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceἄγνοια: meaning 'in ignorance'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
καταστροφὴdestructionN1 NSF · καταστροφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineκαταστροφή: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
8
ἐν περιστολῇ παιδεύεται δίκαιος ἵνα μὴ ἐπιχαρῇ ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς τῷ δικαίῳ
The righteous is disciplined with restraint, so that the sinner may not gloat over the righteous.
Divine chastening is presented as measured training, not humiliation before the wicked.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
περιστολῇwith restraintN1 DSF · περιστολήdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceπεριστολή: meaning 'with restraint'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
παιδεύεταιis disciplinedV1 PMI3S · παιδεύωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingπαιδεύω: meaning 'is disciplined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ supporting term contributing to the psalm's wording and imageryμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπιχαρῇmay gloatVD APS3S · χαίρω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingχαίρω + ἐπι: meaning 'may gloat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
ἁμαρτωλὸςsinnerA1B NSM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τῷover theRA DSM · ὁdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δικαίῳδικαίῳA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'δικαίῳ'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
9
ὅτι νουθετήσει δίκαιον ὡς υἱὸν ἀγαπήσεως καὶ ἡ παιδεία αὐτοῦ ὡς πρωτοτόκου
For he will admonish the righteous as a beloved son, and his discipline is that of a firstborn.
The Lord's correction is compared to fatherly treatment of a beloved son and privileged firstborn.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νουθετήσειhe will admonishVF FAI3S · νουθετέωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingνουθετέω: meaning 'he will admonish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
δίκαιονδίκαιονA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionδίκαιος: meaning 'δίκαιον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἀγαπήσεωςof belovednessN3I GSF · ἀγάπησιςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionἀγάπησις: meaning 'of belovedness'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
παιδείαdisciplineN1A NSF · παιδείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineπαιδεία: meaning 'discipline'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ὡςasC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρωτοτόκουfirstbornA1B GSM · πρωτότοκοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionπρωτότοκος: meaning 'firstborn'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
10
ὅτι φείσεται κύριος τῶν ὁσίων αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν ἐξαλείψει ἐν παιδείᾳ
For the Lord will spare his holy ones, and in chastening he will blot out their transgressions.
Mercy governs the Lord's dealing with his holy ones; even discipline becomes a means of removing transgression.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φείσεταιwill spareVF FMI3S · φείδομαιmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingφείδομαι: meaning 'will spare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
κύριοςκύριοςN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineκύριος: meaning 'κύριος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὁσίωνholy onesA1A GPM · ὅσιοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
παραπτώματαtransgressionsN3M APN · παράπτωμαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionπαράπτωμα: meaning 'transgressions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἐξαλείψειhe will blot outVF FAI3S · ἀλείφω + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'he will blot out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
παιδείᾳπαιδείᾳN1A DSF · παιδείαdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceπαιδεία: meaning 'παιδείᾳ'; it serves as dative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location.
11
ἡ γὰρ ζωὴ τῶν δικαίων εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἁμαρτωλοὶ δὲ ἀρθήσονται εἰς ἀπώλειαν καὶ οὐχ εὑρεθήσεται μνημόσυνον αὐτῶν ἔτι
For the life of the righteous is forever, but sinners will be taken away for destruction, and their memorial will no longer be found.
The two destinies are juxtaposed in stark terms: endless life for the righteous, erasure for sinners.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δικαίωνof the righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionδίκαιος: meaning 'of the righteous'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
ἁμαρτωλοὶἁμαρτωλοὶA1B NPM · ἁμαρτωλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'ἁμαρτωλοὶ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
δὲδὲX · δέconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultδὲ: meaning 'δὲ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρθήσονταιwill be taken awayVC FPI3P · αἴρωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingαἴρω: meaning 'will be taken away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρεθήσεταιwill be foundVC FPI3S · εὑρίσκωmain verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal element carrying the action, confession, promise, warning, or praise of the clause.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιparticle or adverb shaping negation, comparison, time, or emphasis→ clause-shaping particle marking negation, emphasis, sequence, or conditionἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
12
ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς ὁσίους τὸ ἔλεος κυρίου καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς φοβουμένους αὐτὸν τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ ὕμνος τῷ Σαλωμων
But upon the holy ones is the mercy of the Lord, and upon those who fear him is his mercy. A hymn of Solomon.
The psalm ends by locating the Lord's mercy upon the holy and the God-fearing, closing the thanksgiving liturgically.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
δὲδὲX · δέconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultδὲ: meaning 'δὲ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὁσίουςὁσίουςA1A APM · ὅσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὅσιος: meaning 'ὁσίους'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
τὸτὸRA ASN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, reasons, contrasts, or purposes in the psalm's movement→ discourse connector organizing praise, explanation, contrast, or resultκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison→ relational term specifying how the phrase connects within the sentenceἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its phrase and marking source, sphere, direction, relation, or comparison.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
φοβουμένουςthose fearingV2 · πμπαπμ φοβέωparticiple modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationπμπαπμ φοβέω: meaning 'those fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying a nearby noun or supplementing the main verbal idea.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
τὸτὸRA ASN · ὁaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause→ content term receiving or specifying the verbal actionἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, complement, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification→ content term qualifying another element through relation or possessionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element marking possession, source, relation, or specification.
ὕμνοςhymnN2 NSM · ὕμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor→ content term supplying the subject matter or imagery of the lineὕμνος: meaning 'hymn'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, apposition, or substantive descriptor.
τῷover theRA DSM · ὁdative element marking sphere, means, reference, recipient, or location→ content term locating the action or indicating means or referenceὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN DSM · Σαλωμώνsupporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation→ supporting term contributing to the psalm's wording and imageryΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as supporting nominal or helper element functioning according to its local form and phrase relation.