1
καὶ ἦν ἀνὴρ οἰκῶν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ιωακιμ
There was a man dwelling in Babylon, and his name was Joakim.
The story begins with an orderly household setting in exile, preparing the legal and domestic world in which the crisis will unfold.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἰκῶνdwellV2 · παπνσμ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ οἰκέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceΒαβυλών: meaning 'Babylon'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙωακιμJoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωακιμ: meaning 'Joakim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
καὶ ἔλαβεν γυναῖκα ᾗ ὄνομα Σουσαννα θυγάτηρ Χελκιου καλὴ σφόδρα καὶ φοβουμένη τὸν κύριον
And he took a wife whose name was Susanna, daughter of Hilkiah, exceedingly beautiful and fearing the Lord.
Susanna is introduced with beauty and piety together so that desire and reverence will stand in sharp contrast through the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΣουσανναSusannaN NSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννα: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3T NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
Χελκιουof HilkiahN GSM · Χελκιοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧελκιου: meaning 'of Hilkiah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλὴbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβουμένηfearingV2 · πμπνσφ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσφ φοβέω: meaning 'fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
καὶ οἱ γονεῖς αὐτῆς δίκαιοι καὶ ἐδίδαξαν τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτῶν κατὰ τὸν νόμον Μωυσῆ
And her parents were righteous and taught their daughter according to the law of Moses.
Her formation is explicitly Mosaic, so the narrative frames her conduct as the fruit of covenant teaching rather than private innocence alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γονεῖςparentsN3V NPM · γονεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγονεύς: meaning 'parents'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδίδαξανthey instructedVAI AAI3P · διδάσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδιδάσκω: meaning 'they instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
4
καὶ ἦν Ιωακιμ πλούσιος σφόδρα καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ παράδεισος γειτνιῶν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν προσήγοντο οἱ Ιουδαῖοι διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐνδοξότερον πάντων
And Joakim was very rich, and he had a garden adjoining his house; and the Jews came to him because he was more honored than all the others.
The wealthy estate and accessible garden create both the public prestige and the semi-private space that make the elders' scheme possible.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙωακιμJoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωακιμ: meaning 'Joakim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλούσιοςthe richA1A NSM · πλούσιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλούσιος: meaning 'the rich'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παράδεισοςparadise / gardenN2 NSM · παράδεισοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γειτνιῶνadjoiningV3 · παπνσμ γειτνιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ γειτνιάω: meaning 'adjoining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσήγοντοwere broughtV1I IMI3P · ἄγω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + προς: meaning 'were brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαῖοιJudeanN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἸουδαῖος: meaning 'Judean'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνδοξότερονmore honoredA1B ASMC · ἔνδοξοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδοξος: meaning 'more honored'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
καὶ ἀπεδείχθησαν δύο πρεσβύτεροι ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ κριταὶ ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ἐκείνῳ περὶ ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ δεσπότης ὅτι ἐξῆλθεν ἀνομία ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος ἐκ πρεσβυτέρων κριτῶν οἳ ἐδόκουν κυβερνᾶν τὸν λαόν
And in that year two elders from the people were appointed judges, concerning whom the Master had spoken: 'Lawlessness came out from Babylon, from elders who were judges, who seemed to govern the people.'
Before they ever act against Susanna, the judges are marked as the source of Babylonian corruption within the covenant community itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεδείχθησανwere appointedVCI API3P · δεικνύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω + ἀπο: meaning 'were appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersN2 NPM · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κριταὶjudgeN1M NPM · κριτήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτῷyearN2 DSM · ἐνιαυτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐνιαυτός: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῳ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεσπότηςMasterN1M NSM · δεσπότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεσπότης: meaning 'Master'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίαlawlessnessN1A NSF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΒαβυλών: meaning 'Babylon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersN2 GPM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κριτῶνjudgeN1M GPM · κριτήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐδόκουνthey thoughtV2I IAI3P · δοκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδοκέω: meaning 'they thought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυβερνᾶνto governV3 PAN · κυβερνάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκυβερνάω: meaning 'to govern'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6
οὗτοι προσεκαρτέρουν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ Ιωακιμ καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτοὺς πάντες οἱ κρινόμενοι
These men kept frequenting the house of Joakim, and all who had cases for judgment came to them.
The elders operate within recognized judicial routine, which makes their later false testimony all the more poisonous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσεκαρτέρουνwould remainV2I IAI3P · καρτερέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκαρτερέω + προς: meaning 'would remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίᾳhouseN1A DSF · οἰκίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωακιμ: meaning 'Joakim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρχοντοwas comingV1I IMI3P · ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄρχω: meaning 'was coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρινόμενοιbeing judgedV1 · πμπνπμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ κρίνω: meaning 'being judged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
καὶ ἐγένετο ἡνίκα ἀπέτρεχεν ὁ λαὸς μέσον ἡμέρας εἰσεπορεύετο Σουσαννα καὶ περιεπάτει ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς
And it happened, when the people departed about midday, that Susanna would enter and walk in the garden of her husband.
A repeated midday pattern is established, giving the judges both opportunity and a rhythm for predatory observation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέτρεχενwent awayV1I IAI3S · τρέχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρέχω + ἀπο: meaning 'went away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰσεπορεύετοwas enteringV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'was entering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣουσανναSusannaN NSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννα: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεπάτειwalk aboutV2I IAI3S · πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπατέω + περι: meaning 'walk about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσῳgardenN2 DSM · παράδεισοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
καὶ ἐθεώρουν αὐτὴν οἱ δύο πρεσβύτεροι καθ' ἡμέραν εἰσπορευομένην καὶ περιπατοῦσαν καὶ ἐγένοντο ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ αὐτῆς
And the two elders watched her every day as she came in and walked about, and they became consumed with desire for her.
What begins as seeing becomes covetous fixation; the verse marks the moral turn from observation to inward corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθεώρουνthey saw / beheldV2I IAI3P · θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθεωρέω: meaning 'they saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersN2 NPM · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰσπορευομένηνenteringV1 · πμπασφ πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ πορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'entering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιπατοῦσανwalkingV2 · παπασφ πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασφ πατέω + περι: meaning 'walking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιθυμίᾳdesireN1A DSF · ἐπιθυμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
καὶ διέστρεψαν τὸν ἑαυτῶν νοῦν καὶ ἐξέκλιναν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν μηδὲ μνημονεύειν κριμάτων δικαίων
And they twisted their own mind and turned away their eyes from looking toward heaven or remembering righteous judgments.
The narrative diagnoses their sin spiritually and judicially: lust distorts both worship and legal memory.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέστρεψανtwistedVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + δια: meaning 'twisted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτῶνthemselvesRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτῶν: meaning 'themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νοῦνmindN2C ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέκλινανturned awayVAI AAI3P · κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέπεινlookV1 PAN · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβλέπω: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνημονεύεινto rememberV1 PAN · μνημονεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμνημονεύω: meaning 'to remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κριμάτωνjudgmentN3M GPN · κρίμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δικαίωνδικαίωνA1A GPN · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'δικαίων'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
καὶ ἦσαν ἀμφότεροι κατανενυγμένοι περὶ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐκ ἀνήγγειλαν ἀλλήλοις τὴν ὀδύνην αὐτῶν
Both were stricken because of her, yet they did not tell one another their pain.
Their desire remains secret for a moment, but the concealment already creates the conditions for joint wickedness.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀμφότεροιbothA1 NPM · ἄμφότεροιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατανενυγμένοιpiercedVM · χμπνπμ νύσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ νύσσω + κατα: meaning 'pierced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγγειλανreportVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλήλοιςwith one anotherRD DPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἀλλήλοις: meaning 'with one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀδύνηνpain / griefN1 ASF · ὀδύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀδύνη: meaning 'pain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
ὅτι ᾐσχύνοντο ἀναγγεῖλαι τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτῶν ὅτι ἤθελον συγγενέσθαι αὐτῇ
For they were ashamed to reveal their desire, because they wanted to have relations with her.
The shame is not repentance but embarrassment at naming the very lust they still intend to satisfy.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾐσχύνοντοthey were ashamedV1I IMI3P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἰσχύνω: meaning 'they were ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναγγεῖλαιaggello + anaVA AAN · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'aggello + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμίανdesireN1A ASF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤθελονwish, wantV1I IAI3P · θέλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθέλω: meaning 'wish, want'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συγγενέσθαιlie withVB AMN · γίγνομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι + συν: meaning 'lie with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
καὶ παρετηροῦσαν φιλοτίμως καθ' ἡμέραν ὁρᾶν αὐτήν
And they eagerly kept watching every day to see her.
The desire hardens into deliberate surveillance; the elders become patient plotters rather than men overcome in a moment.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρετηροῦσανthey kept watchingV2I IAI3P · τηρέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτηρέω + παρα: meaning 'they kept watching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φιλοτίμωςzealouslyD · φιλοτίμωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastφιλοτίμως: meaning 'zealously'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁρᾶνto seeV3 PAN · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'to see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
καὶ εἶπαν ἕτερος τῷ ἑτέρῳ πορευθῶμεν δὴ εἰς οἶκον ὅτι ἀρίστου ὥρα ἐστίν καὶ ἐξελθόντες διεχωρίσθησαν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων
And one said to the other, 'Let us now go home, for it is mealtime'; and after going out they parted from one another.
Their apparently ordinary departure is part of the setup that will bring them secretly back together.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕτεροςotherA1A NSM · ἕτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕτερος: meaning 'other'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑτέρῳanotherA1A DSM · ἕτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕτερος: meaning 'another'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πορευθῶμενlet us goVC APS1P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπορεύομαι: meaning 'let us go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρίστουof the mealN2N GSN · ἄριστονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄριστον: meaning 'of the meal'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὥραseasonN1A NSF · ὥραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὥρα: meaning 'season'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελθόντεςgoing outVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'going out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διεχωρίσθησανwere separatedVSI API3P · χωρίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχωρίζω + δια: meaning 'were separated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλήλωνone anotherRD GPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἀλλήλων: meaning 'one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
καὶ ἀνακάμψαντες ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ ἀνετάζοντες ἀλλήλους τὴν αἰτίαν ὡμολόγησαν τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτῶν καὶ τότε κοινῇ συνετάξαντο καιρὸν ὅτε αὐτὴν δυνήσονται εὑρεῖν μόνην
But after turning back they came to the same place, and after questioning one another about the reason, they confessed their desire; then together they arranged a time when they might find her alone.
Private lust becomes formal collusion: confession of desire leads directly to a jointly planned ambush.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνακάμψαντεςturning backVA · ααπνπμ κάμπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ κάμπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'turning back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνετάζοντεςquestioningV1 · παπνπμ ἐτάζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἐτάζω + ἀνα: meaning 'questioning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλήλουςone anotherRD APM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἀλλήλους: meaning 'one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰτίανreasonN1A ASF · αἰτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰτία: meaning 'reason'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡμολόγησανthey confessedVAI AAI3P · ὁμολογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμολογέω: meaning 'they confessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμίανdesireN1A ASF · ἐπιθυμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοινῇin commonA1 DSF · κοινόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοινός: meaning 'in common'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συνετάξαντοarrangedVAI AMI3P · τάσσω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτάσσω + συν: meaning 'arranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καιρὸνappointed time / seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δυνήσονταιshall be ableVF FMI3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'shall be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὑρεῖνto findVB AAN · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεὑρίσκω: meaning 'to find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μόνηνaloneA1 ASF · μόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
15
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ παρατηρεῖν αὐτοὺς ἡμέραν εὔθετον εἰσῆλθέν ποτε καθὼς ἐχθὲς καὶ τρίτης ἡμέρας μετὰ δύο μόνων κορασίων καὶ ἐπεθύμησε λούσασθαι ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ ὅτι καῦμα ἦν
And it happened, while they were watching for a suitable day, that she once entered as yesterday and the day before with only two young maids, and she desired to bathe in the garden because it was hot.
The hoped-for occasion finally comes: limited attendants, closed space, and summer heat converge into the elders' chosen moment.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατηρεῖνto watchV2 PAN · τηρέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτηρέω + παρα: meaning 'to watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὔθετονsuitableA1B ASF · εὔθετοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationεὔθετος: meaning 'suitable'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰσῆλθένshe enteredVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'she entered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ποτεeverD · ποτέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastποτε: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθὼςjust asC · ὡς + καταconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὼς: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχθὲςyesterdayD · ἐχθὲςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐχθὲς: meaning 'yesterday'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίτηςthirdA1 GSF · τρίτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δύοtwoM GDN · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόνωνaloneA1 GPN · μόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κορασίωνof girlsN2N GPN · κοράσιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκοράσιον: meaning 'of girls'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεθύμησεshe desiredVAI AAI3S · θυμέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'she desired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λούσασθαιto batheVA AMN · λούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλούω: meaning 'to bathe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσῳgardenN2 DSM · παράδεισοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καῦμαheatN3M NSN · καῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαῦμα: meaning 'heat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
16
καὶ οὐκ ἦν οὐδεὶς ἐκεῖ πλὴν οἱ δύο πρεσβύτεροι κεκρυμμένοι καὶ παρατηροῦντες αὐτήν
And no one was there except the two elders, who had hidden themselves and were watching her.
The verse strips away all protection and lets the reader see the trap before Susanna does.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersN2 NPM · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεκρυμμένοιhiddenVP · χμπνπμ κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ κρύπτω: meaning 'hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρατηροῦντεςwatchingV2 · παπνπμ τηρέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ τηρέω + παρα: meaning 'watching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς κορασίοις ἐνέγκατε δή μοι ἔλαιον καὶ σμῆγμα καὶ τὰς θύρας τοῦ παραδείσου κλείσατε ὅπως λούσωμαι
And she said to the maids, 'Bring me oil and ointments, and shut the doors of the garden so that I may bathe.'
Susanna's ordinary instructions, spoken in innocence, complete the isolation the elders intended to exploit.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κορασίοιςto the girlsN2N DPN · κοράσιονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοράσιον: meaning 'to the girls'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνέγκατεbringVA AAD2P · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δήdeX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: meaning 'de'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σμῆγμαointmentN3M ASN · σμῆγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσμῆγμα: meaning 'ointment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσουparadeisosN2 GSM · παράδεισοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradeisos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κλείσατεshutVA AAD2P · κλείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλείω: meaning 'shut'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λούσωμαιI may batheVA AMS1S · λούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλούω: meaning 'I may bathe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
καὶ ἐποίησαν καθὼς εἶπεν καὶ ἀπέκλεισαν τὰς θύρας τοῦ παραδείσου καὶ ἐξῆλθαν κατὰ τὰς πλαγίας θύρας ἐνέγκαι τὰ προστεταγμένα αὐταῖς καὶ οὐκ εἴδοσαν τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ὅτι ἦσαν κεκρυμμένοι
And they did as she said: they shut the doors of the garden and went out by the side doors to bring what she had ordered them, and they did not see the elders because they were hidden.
The attendants obey faithfully, unaware that their obedience leaves Susanna alone with concealed accusers.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθὼςjust asC · ὡς + καταconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὼς: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκλεισανshut outVAI AAI3P · κλείω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλείω + ἀπο: meaning 'shut out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσουparadeisosN2 GSM · παράδεισοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradeisos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθανthey went outVAI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'they went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλαγίαςsideA1A APF · πλάγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλάγιος: meaning 'side'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θύραςdoorN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνέγκαιbringVA AAN · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφέρω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστεταγμέναcommandedVK · χμπαπν τάσσω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπν τάσσω + προς: meaning 'commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐταῖςthemRD DPF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴδοσανoraoVBI AAI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'orao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςelderN2 APM · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεκρυμμένοιhiddenVP · χμπνπμ κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ κρύπτω: meaning 'hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐξήλθοσαν τὰ κοράσια καὶ ἀνέστησαν οἱ δύο πρεσβῦται καὶ ἐπέδραμον αὐτῇ
And it happened, when the maids had gone out, that the two elders rose up and ran toward her.
The shift from concealment to motion makes the violence sudden and coordinated.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήλθοσανcame outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοράσιαgirlN2N APN · κοράσιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοράσιον: meaning 'girl'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστησανraise upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβῦταιenvoysN1M NPM · πρεσβύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτης: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέδραμονran towardVBI AAI3P · τρέχω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρέχω + ἐπι: meaning 'ran toward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
καὶ εἶπον ἰδοὺ αἱ θύραι τοῦ παραδείσου κέκλεινται καὶ οὐδεὶς θεωρεῖ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ σού ἐσμεν διὸ συγκατάθου ἡμῖν καὶ γενοῦ μεθ' ἡμῶν
And they said, 'Look, the doors of the garden are shut and no one sees us, and we are in desire for you; therefore consent to us and be with us.'
The elders frame privacy as impunity and desire as claim, pressing Susanna to collaborate in her own violation.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονsaidVBI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdVB AMD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'behold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραιdoor / gateN1A NPF · θύραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσουparadeisosN2 GSM · παράδεισοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradeisos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κέκλεινταιare shutVM XMI3P · κλείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκλείω: meaning 'are shut'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεωρεῖlook atV2 PAI3S · θεωρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθεωρέω: meaning 'look at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιθυμίᾳdesireN1A DSF · ἐπιθυμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σούyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσού: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐσμενbeV9 PAI1P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὸthereforeC · διόconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιὸ: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συγκατάθουconsentVE AMD2S · τίθημι + συν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι + συν + κατα: meaning 'consent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενοῦgignomaiVB AMD2S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'gignomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
εἰ δὲ μή καταμαρτυρήσομέν σου ὅτι ἦν μετὰ σοῦ νεανίσκος καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐξαπέστειλας τὰ κοράσια ἀπὸ σοῦ
But if not, we will testify against you that a young man was with you, and that is why you sent the maids away from you.'
The sexual threat immediately becomes a legal threat: they weaponize their status as judges and witnesses.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταμαρτυρήσομένwe will testify againstVF FAI1P · μαρτυρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμαρτυρέω + κατα: meaning 'we will testify against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νεανίσκοςyoung manN2 NSM · νεανίσκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξαπέστειλαςdid you send awayVAI AAI2S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'did you send away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοράσιαgirlN2N APN · κοράσιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοράσιον: meaning 'girl'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
καὶ ἀνεστέναξεν Σουσαννα καὶ εἶπεν στενά μοι πάντοθεν ἐάν τε γὰρ τοῦτο πράξω θάνατός μοί ἐστιν ἐάν τε μὴ πράξω οὐκ ἐκφεύξομαι τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν
And Susanna groaned and said, 'I am hemmed in on every side; for if I do this, it is death for me, and if I do not do it, I shall not escape your hands.'
Susanna names the trap exactly: whichever path she chooses, she faces death or violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεστέναξενgroanedVAI AAI3S · στενάζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστενάζω + ἀνα: meaning 'groaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣουσανναSusannaN NSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννα: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
στενάdistressed / narrowA1 NPN · στενόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστενός: meaning 'distressed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντοθενon every sideD · πάντοθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάντοθεν: meaning 'on every side'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πράξωI doVA AAS1S · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπράσσω: meaning 'I do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θάνατόςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοίfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοί: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεandX TEadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πράξωI doVA AAS1S · πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπράσσω: meaning 'I do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκφεύξομαιescape fromVF FMI1S · φεύγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφεύγω + ἐκ: meaning 'escape from'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
23
αἱρετόν μοί ἐστιν μὴ πράξασαν ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας ὑμῶν ἢ ἁμαρτεῖν ἐνώπιον κυρίου
It is preferable for me, not doing it, to fall into your hands than to sin before the Lord.'
She chooses covenant fidelity over pragmatic survival, making the issue explicitly theological rather than merely reputational.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αἱρετόνpreferableA1 NSN · αἱρετόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἱρετός: meaning 'preferable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μοίfor meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοί: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πράξασανhaving doneVA · ααπασφ πράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασφ πράσσω: meaning 'having done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμπεσεῖνto fall intoVB AAN · πίπτω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπίπτω + ἐν: meaning 'to fall into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτεῖνhamartanoVB AAN · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'hamartano'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD P · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
24
καὶ ἀνεβόησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Σουσαννα ἐβόησαν δὲ καὶ οἱ δύο πρεσβῦται κατέναντι αὐτῆς
And Susanna cried out with a loud voice; and the two elders shouted also against her.
Her truthful cry and their manipulative counter-cry collide, turning assault into staged public confusion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεβόησενboaoanaVAI AAI3S · βοάω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοάω + ἀνα: meaning 'boaoana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΣουσανναSusannaN NSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννα: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησανcry outVAI AAI3P · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβῦταιenvoysN1M NPM · πρεσβύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτης: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατέναντιoppositeD · κατέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
25
καὶ δραμὼν ὁ εἷς ἤνοιξεν τὰς θύρας τοῦ παραδείσου
And one of them ran and opened the doors of the garden.
The elders immediately convert the private encounter into a scene prepared for public interpretation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δραμὼνrunning forwardVB · ααπνσμ τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ τρέχω: meaning 'running forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἷςoneM NSM · εἷςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεἷς: meaning 'one'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνοιξενanaVAI AAI3S · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσουparadeisosN2 GSM · παράδεισοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradeisos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
26
ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν τὴν κραυγὴν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ οἱ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας εἰσεπήδησαν διὰ τῆς πλαγίας θύρας ἰδεῖν τὸ συμβεβηκὸς αὐτῇ
And when those in the house heard the cry in the garden, they rushed in through the side door to see what had happened to her.
Secondary witnesses enter only after the decisive moment, so they can testify to disturbance but not to truth.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραυγὴνkraygenN1 ASF · κραυγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκραυγή: meaning 'kraygen'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσῳgardenN2 DSM · παράδεισοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίαςhouseN1A GSF · οἰκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἰκία: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰσεπήδησανrushed inVAI AAI3P · πηδάω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπηδάω + εἰς: meaning 'rushed in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλαγίαςsideA1A GSF · πλάγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπλάγιος: meaning 'side'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θύραςdoor / gateN1A GSF · θύραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συμβεβηκὸςwhat had happenedVX · χαπασν βαίνω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπασν βαίνω + συν: meaning 'what had happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
ἡνίκα δὲ εἶπαν οἱ πρεσβῦται τοὺς λόγους αὐτῶν κατῃσχύνθησαν οἱ δοῦλοι σφόδρα ὅτι πώποτε οὐκ ἐρρέθη λόγος τοιοῦτος περὶ Σουσαννης
And when the elders told their story, the servants were greatly ashamed, because never had such a thing been said concerning Susanna.
The household's horror underscores how alien the accusation is to everything previously known of Susanna.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἡνίκαwhenD · ἡνίκαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβῦταιenvoysN1M NPM · πρεσβύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτης: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατῃσχύνθησανwere put to shameVCI API3P · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'were put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πώποτεever / at any timeD · πώποτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπώποτε: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρρέθηwas spokenVC API3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'was spoken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοιοῦτοςsuchA1 NSM · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
Σουσαννηςof SusannaN GSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννης: meaning 'of Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
28
καὶ ἐγένετο τῇ ἐπαύριον ὡς συνῆλθεν ὁ λαὸς πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς Ιωακιμ ἦλθον οἱ δύο πρεσβῦται πλήρεις τῆς ἀνόμου ἐννοίας κατὰ Σουσαννης τοῦ θανατῶσαι αὐτὴν
And on the next day, when the people assembled at her husband Joakim's house, the two elders came full of their lawless intent against Susanna to put her to death.
Private malice now enters public process; the assembly is convened under the appearance of legal order.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαύριονon the next dayD · αὔριον + ἐπιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπαύριον: meaning 'on the next day'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνῆλθενfollowed alongVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + συν: meaning 'followed along'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙωακιμJehoiakimN ASM · Ιωακιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωακιμ: meaning 'Jehoiakim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβῦταιenvoysN1M NPM · πρεσβύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτης: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πλήρειςfullA3H NPM · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνόμουlawlessA1B GSF · ἄνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐννοίαςpurposeN1A GSF · ἔννοιαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔννοιας: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
Σουσαννηςof SusannaN GSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννης: meaning 'of Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θανατῶσαιput to deathVA AAN · θανατόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθανατόω: meaning 'put to death'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
καὶ εἶπαν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ λαοῦ ἀποστείλατε ἐπὶ Σουσανναν θυγατέρα Χελκιου ἥ ἐστιν γυνὴ Ιωακιμ οἱ δὲ ἀπέστειλαν
And they said before the people, 'Send for Susanna daughter of Hilkiah, who is the wife of Joakim'; and they sent for her.
The charge is still unnamed, but the solemn summons draws Susanna into a court already bent against her.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀποστείλατεsendVA AAD2P · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣουσαννανSusannaN ASF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσανναν: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
Χελκιουof HilkiahN GSM · Χελκιοςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧελκιου: meaning 'of Hilkiah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥwho / whichRR NSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἥ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωακιμ: meaning 'Joakim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλανsentVAI AAI3P · στέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
καὶ ἦλθεν αὐτὴ καὶ οἱ γονεῖς αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς καὶ πάντες οἱ συγγενεῖς αὐτῆς
And she came, and her parents and her children and all her relatives came with her.
The scene widens to include every bond that will be endangered if the false verdict stands.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γονεῖςparentsN3V NPM · γονεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγονεύς: meaning 'parents'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγενεῖςkinsmenA3H NPM · συγγενήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυγγενής: meaning 'kinsmen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
31
ἡ δὲ Σουσαννα ἦν τρυφερὰ σφόδρα καὶ καλὴ τῷ εἴδει
Now Susanna was exceedingly delicate and beautiful in appearance.
Her beauty is recalled here not to eroticize her but to explain the elders' continued fixation and the crowd's pathos.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣουσανναSusannaN NSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννα: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρυφερὰdelicateA1A NSF · τρυφερόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρυφερός: meaning 'delicate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλὴbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴδειappearanceN3E DSN · εἶδοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἶδος: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
32
οἱ δὲ παράνομοι ἐκέλευσαν ἀποκαλυφθῆναι αὐτήν ἦν γὰρ κατακεκαλυμμένη ὅπως ἐμπλησθῶσιν τοῦ κάλλους αὐτῆς
But the lawless men ordered her to be unveiled, for she was veiled, so that they might be filled with her beauty.
Even inside the hearing the elders continue their abuse, using procedure to gratify the desire that created the false case.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράνομοιlawlessA1B NPM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκέλευσανthey orderedVAI AAI3P · κελεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκελεύω: meaning 'they ordered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποκαλυφθῆναιἀποκαλυφθῆναιVV APN · καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀποκαλυφθῆναι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακεκαλυμμένηveiledVM · χμπνσφ καλύπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ καλύπτω + κατα: meaning 'veiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλησθῶσινbe satisfiedVS APS3P · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'be satisfied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλουςbeautyN3E GSN · κάλλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
33
ἔκλαιον δὲ οἱ παρ' αὐτῆς καὶ πάντες οἱ ἰδόντες αὐτήν
And those who were with her, and all who saw her, were weeping.
The public mood recognizes an outrage, yet grief alone cannot undo the authority of false judges.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἔκλαιονwere weepingV1I IAI3P · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκλαίω: meaning 'were weeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδόντεςseeVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34
ἀναστάντες δὲ οἱ δύο πρεσβῦται ἐν μέσῳ τῷ λαῷ ἔθηκαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς
Then the two elders stood in the midst of the people and laid their hands upon her head.
A solemn legal action is performed, but the sign of testimony is corrupted by the very men who should uphold justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀναστάντεςrisingVH · ααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'rising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM NDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβῦταιenvoysN1M NPM · πρεσβύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτης: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔθηκανputVAI AAI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
35
ἡ δὲ κλαίουσα ἀνέβλεψεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν ὅτι ἦν ἡ καρδία αὐτῆς πεποιθυῖα ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ
And she, weeping, looked up to heaven, because her heart had confidence in the Lord.
Susanna's true courtroom is above; her bodily posture answers the elders' violence with trust.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλαίουσαweepingV1 · παπνσφ κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ κλαίω: meaning 'weeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνέβλεψενhe regained sightVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'he regained sight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεποιθυῖαconfident / off guardVX · χαπνσφ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσφ πείθω: meaning 'confident'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
36
εἶπαν δὲ οἱ πρεσβῦται περιπατούντων ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ μόνων εἰσῆλθεν αὕτη μετὰ δύο παιδισκῶν καὶ ἀπέκλεισεν τὰς θύρας τοῦ παραδείσου καὶ ἀπέλυσεν τὰς παιδίσκας
And the elders said, 'While we were walking alone in the garden, this woman came in with two maids, shut the doors of the garden, and dismissed the maids.'
Their account begins plausibly by reusing real details, showing how false witness often feeds on partial truth.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβῦταιenvoysN1M NPM · πρεσβύτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτης: meaning 'envoys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περιπατούντωνwhile walkingV2 · παπγπμ πατέω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ πατέω + περι: meaning 'while walking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσῳgardenN2 DSM · παράδεισοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράδεισος: meaning 'garden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μόνωνaloneA1 GPM · μόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δύοtwoM GDM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδισκῶνmaidservantsN1 GPF · παιδίσκηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδίσκη: meaning 'maidservants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκλεισενclosed upVAI AAI3S · κλείω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλείω + ἀπο: meaning 'closed up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσουparadeisosN2 GSM · παράδεισοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradeisos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέλυσενdismissedVAI AAI3S · λύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'dismissed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίσκαςπαιδίσκηN1 APF · παιδίσκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδίσκη: meaning 'παιδίσκη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
37
καὶ ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὴν νεανίσκος ὃς ἦν κεκρυμμένος καὶ ἀνέπεσε μετ' αὐτῆς
Then a young man, who had been hidden, came to her and lay with her.
The invented adulterer provides the missing element that turns suspicion into a capital accusation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νεανίσκοςyoung manN2 NSM · νεανίσκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κεκρυμμένοςhiddenVP · χμπνσμ κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ κρύπτω: meaning 'hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέπεσεlay withVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'lay with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
38
ἡμεῖς δὲ ὄντες ἐν τῇ γωνίᾳ τοῦ παραδείσου ἰδόντες τὴν ἀνομίαν ἐδράμομεν ἐπ' αὐτούς
And we, being in a corner of the garden, when we saw this lawlessness, ran toward them.
They cast themselves as reluctant guardians of morality rather than the authors of the crime.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄντεςbeingV9 · παπνπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γωνίᾳcornerN1A DSF · γωνίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγωνία: meaning 'corner'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδείσουparadeisosN2 GSM · παράδεισοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαράδεισος: meaning 'paradeisos'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἰδόντεςseeVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐδράμομενwe ranVBI AAI1P · τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρέχω: meaning 'we ran'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
39
καὶ ἰδόντες συγγινομένους αὐτοὺς ἐκείνου μὲν οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐγκρατεῖς γενέσθαι διὰ τὸ ἰσχύειν αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀνοίξαντα τὰς θύρας ἐκπεπηδηκέναι
And though we saw them together, we could not restrain that man, because he was stronger than we and opened the doors and leapt out.
The story adds convenient details to explain why the supposed male offender escaped while Susanna remained vulnerable.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδόντεςseeVB · ααπνπμ ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συγγινομένουςbeing togetherV1 · πμπαπμ γίγνομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ γίγνομαι + συν: meaning 'being together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκείνουthatRD GSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐκείνου: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠδυνήθημενwe were ableVCI API1P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδύναμαι: meaning 'we were able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγκρατεῖςholding fastA3H NPM · ἐγκρατήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐγκρατής: meaning 'holding fast'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γενέσθαιbecome / happenVB AMN · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύεινto be ableV1 PAN · ἰσχύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἰσχύω: meaning 'to be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοίξανταhaving openedVA · ααπασμ οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπασμ οἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'having opened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θύραςdoorN1A APF · θύραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκπεπηδηκέναιto have leapt outVX XAN · πηδάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπηδάω + ἐκ: meaning 'to have leapt out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
40
ταύτης δὲ ἐπιλαβόμενοι ἐπηρωτῶμεν τίς ἦν ὁ νεανίσκος
But seizing this woman, we questioned who the young man was.
The account is arranged to portray Susanna as stubbornly protecting a lover rather than resisting attackers.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλαβόμενοιafter seizingVB · αμπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'after seizing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπηρωτῶμενwe askedV3I IAI1P · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'we asked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκοςyoung manN2 NSM · νεανίσκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
41
καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἀναγγεῖλαι ἡμῖν ταῦτα μαρτυροῦμεν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν αὐτοῖς ἡ συναγωγὴ ὡς πρεσβυτέροις τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ κριταῖς καὶ κατέκριναν αὐτὴν ἀποθανεῖν
But she was unwilling to tell us; these things we testify.' And the assembly believed them as elders of the people and judges, and they condemned her to die.
Authority prevails over truth: because the witnesses are judges, the assembly accepts the lie and pronounces death.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθέλησενwilledVAI AAI3S · θέλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθέλω: meaning 'willed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναγγεῖλαιaggello + anaVA AAN · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'aggello + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μαρτυροῦμενwe testifyV2 PAI1P · μαρτυρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμαρτυρέω: meaning 'we testify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίστευσενbelievedVAI AAI3S · πιστεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπιστεύω: meaning 'believed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴassemblyN1 NSF · συναγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβυτέροιςelderN2 DPM · πρεσβύτεροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριταῖςjudgeN1M DPM · κριτήςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέκρινανthey condemnedVAI AAI3P · κρίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω + κατα: meaning 'they condemned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'to die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
42
ἀνεβόησεν δὲ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Σουσαννα καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς ὁ αἰώνιος ὁ τῶν κρυπτῶν γνώστης ὁ εἰδὼς τὰ πάντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν
Then Susanna cried out with a loud voice and said, 'O eternal God, knower of hidden things, who know all things before they come to be,'
With human judgment closed, Susanna appeals to the God whose knowledge penetrates concealment and false testimony alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀνεβόησενboaoanaVAI AAI3S · βοάω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοάω + ἀνα: meaning 'boaoana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΣουσανναSusannaN NSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννα: meaning 'Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰώνιοςeternalA1B NSM · αἰώνιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰώνιος: meaning 'eternal'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρυπτῶνof hidden thingsA1 GPN · κρυπτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρυπτός: meaning 'of hidden things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γνώστηςknowerN1M NSM · γνώστηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνώστης: meaning 'knower'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδὼςknowingVX · χαπνσμ οἶδαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ οἶδα: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρὶν: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενέσεωςof generationN3I GSF · γένεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένεσις: meaning 'of generation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
43
σὺ ἐπίστασαι ὅτι ψευδῆ μου κατεμαρτύρησαν καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀποθνῄσκω μὴ ποιήσασα μηδὲν ὧν οὗτοι ἐπονηρεύσαντο κατ' ἐμοῦ
'you know that they have borne false witness against me; and behold, I am dying though I have done none of the things these men wickedly invented against me.'
Her prayer names the core issue without embellishment: false witness is sending an innocent woman to death.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίστασαιyou knowV6 PMI2S · ἐπίσταμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐπίσταμαι: meaning 'you know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεμαρτύρησανbore false witnessVAI AAI3P · μαρτυρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμαρτυρέω + κατα: meaning 'bore false witness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdVB AMD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'behold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποθνῄσκωdieV1 PAI1S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσασαhaving doneVA · ααπνσφ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσφ ποιέω: meaning 'having done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μηδὲνnothingA3P ASN · μηδείςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὧνwhich thingsRR GPN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπονηρεύσαντοthey plotted wickedlyVAI AMI3P · πονηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπονηρεύω: meaning 'they plotted wickedly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
44
καὶ εἰσήκουσεν κύριος τῆς φωνῆς αὐτῆς
And the Lord heard her voice.
The terse line answers the prayer immediately and turns the whole case toward reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
45
καὶ ἀπαγομένης αὐτῆς ἀπολέσθαι ἐξήγειρεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον παιδαρίου νεωτέρου ᾧ ὄνομα Δανιηλ
And as she was being led away to be destroyed, God stirred up the holy spirit of a young boy whose name was Daniel.
The reversal comes through youthful, Spirit-moved intervention, not through institutional repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαγομένηςbeing led awayV1 · πμπγσφ ἄγω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ ἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'being led away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολέσθαιto be destroyedVB AMN · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'to be destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξήγειρενstir upV1I IAI3S · ἀγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASM · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παιδαρίουof the boyN2N GSN · παιδάριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαιδάριον: meaning 'of the boy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νεωτέρουyoungerA1A GSNC · νέοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνέος: meaning 'younger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔανιηλ: meaning 'Daniel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
46
καὶ ἐβόησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καθαρὸς ἐγὼ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος ταύτης
And he cried out with a loud voice, 'I am innocent of the blood of this woman.'
Daniel halts the execution by refusing communal complicity in innocent blood.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcry outVAI AAI3S · βοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καθαρὸςinnocentA1 NSM · καθαρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαθαρός: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
47
ἐπέστρεψεν δὲ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπαν τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὃν σὺ λελάληκας
And all the people turned to him and said, 'What is this word that you have spoken?'
The crowd that had submitted to the elders now pauses and becomes teachable under a new voice.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπέστρεψενturned backVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λελάληκαςyou have spokenVX XAI2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'you have spoken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
48
ὁ δὲ στὰς ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν εἶπεν οὕτως μωροί οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οὐκ ἀνακρίναντες οὐδὲ τὸ σαφὲς ἐπιγνόντες κατεκρίνατε θυγατέρα Ισραηλ
And standing in the midst of them he said, 'Are you so foolish, sons of Israel? Without examination and without learning the facts clearly, you condemned a daughter of Israel.'
Daniel names the procedural failure itself: the sentence came before proper examination.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στὰςhaving arisenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι: meaning 'having arisen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μωροίfoolsA1A NPM · μωρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμωρός: meaning 'fools'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνακρίναντεςhaving examinedVA · ααπνπμ κρίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ κρίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'having examined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαφὲςclearA3H ASN · σαφήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσαφής: meaning 'clear'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιγνόντεςhaving learned clearlyVZ · ααπνπμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ γιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'having learned clearly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατεκρίνατεyou condemnedVAI AAI2P · κρίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω + κατα: meaning 'you condemned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
49
ἀναστρέψατε εἰς τὸ κριτήριον ψευδῆ γὰρ οὗτοι κατεμαρτύρησαν αὐτῆς
Return to the court, for these men bore false witness against her.'
The case must be retried, because truth requires process as well as zeal.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀναστρέψατεreturnVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριτήριονcourtN2N ASN · κριτήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκριτήριον: meaning 'court'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεμαρτύρησανbore false witnessVAI AAI3P · μαρτυρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμαρτυρέω + κατα: meaning 'bore false witness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
50
καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς μετὰ σπουδῆς καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῷ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι δεῦρο κάθισον ἐν μέσῳ ἡμῶν καὶ ἀνάγγειλον ἡμῖν ὅτι σοὶ δέδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πρεσβεῖον
And all the people returned in haste, and the elders said to him, 'Come, sit in the midst of us and inform us, because God has given you senior authority.'
The same assembly now acknowledges in Daniel the wisdom and authority it had mislocated in the corrupt elders.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σπουδῆςdiligenceN1 GSF · σπουδήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσπουδή: meaning 'diligence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersN2 NPM · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δεῦροcomeD · δεῦροadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦρο: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάθισονstay / remainVA AAD2S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵζω + κατα: meaning 'stay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάγγειλονtell / reportVA AAD2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δέδωκενhas givenVX XAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'has given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβεῖονsenior standingN2N ASN · πρεσβεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβεῖον: meaning 'senior standing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
51
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς Δανιηλ διαχωρίσατε αὐτοὺς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων μακράν καὶ ἀνακρινῶ αὐτούς
And Daniel said to them, 'Separate them far from one another, and I will examine them.'
Truth will emerge through divided testimony: Daniel's method directly targets collusion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔανιηλ: meaning 'Daniel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαχωρίσατεseparateVA AAD2P · χωρίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχωρίζω + δια: meaning 'separate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀλλήλωνone anotherRD GPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἀλλήλων: meaning 'one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μακράνfarD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακράν: meaning 'far'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνακρινῶI will examineVF2 FAI1S · κρίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'I will examine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
52
ὡς δὲ διεχωρίσθησαν εἷς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνός ἐκάλεσεν τὸν ἕνα αὐτῶν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν πεπαλαιωμένε ἡμερῶν κακῶν νῦν ἥκασιν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου ἃς ἐποίεις τὸ πρότερον
And when they had been separated one from another, he called one of them and said to him, 'Aged in evil days, now your sins have come upon you, the sins you committed before,'
Daniel begins not with the present claim alone but with the elder's accumulated habit of injustice.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεχωρίσθησανwere separatedVSI API3P · χωρίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχωρίζω + δια: meaning 'were separated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἷςoneM NSM · εἷςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεἷς: meaning 'one'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνόςoneA3 GSM · εἷςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναoneA3 ASM · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ measure or countἕνα: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεπαλαιωμένεgrown oldVM · χμπVσμ παλαιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπVσμ παλαιόω: meaning 'grown old'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κακῶνevilA1 GPF · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥκασινhave comeV1 PAI3P · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'have come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαιsinN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίειςyou were makingV2I IAI2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'you were making'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρότερονformerlyA1 ASN · πρότεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρότερος: meaning 'formerly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
53
κρίνων κρίσεις ἀδίκους καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀθῴους κατακρίνων ἀπολύων δὲ τοὺς αἰτίους λέγοντος τοῦ κυρίου ἀθῷον καὶ δίκαιον οὐκ ἀποκτενεῖς
'judging unjust judgments, condemning the innocent and releasing the guilty, though the Lord says, "You shall not kill the innocent and righteous."'
The elder's conduct is measured against Torah itself, turning the hearing into covenant prosecution.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
κρίνωνpapnsm krinoV1 · παπνσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρίνω: meaning 'papnsm krino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κρίσειςlawsuitsN3I APF · κρίσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίσις: meaning 'lawsuits'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀδίκουςunjustA1B APF · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὲνindeedX · μένadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὲν: meaning 'indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθῴουςthe innocentA1 APM · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'the innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατακρίνωνcondemningV1 · παπνσμ κρίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κρίνω + κατα: meaning 'condemning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπολύωνreleasingV1 · παπνσμ λύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λύω + ἀπο: meaning 'releasing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰτίουςthe guiltyA1A APM · αἴτιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἴτιος: meaning 'the guilty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγοντοςwhile speakingV1 · παπγσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ λέγω: meaning 'while speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀθῷονinnocentA1 ASM · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκτενεῖςwill you killVF2 FAI2S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'will you kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
54
νῦν οὖν ταύτην εἴπερ εἶδες εἰπόν ὑπὸ τί δένδρον εἶδες αὐτοὺς ὁμιλοῦντας ἀλλήλοις ὁ δὲ εἶπεν ὑπὸ σχῖνον
'Now then, if you really saw this woman, tell me under what tree you saw them talking together.' And he said, 'Under a mastic tree.'
Daniel moves from moral rebuke to a concrete factual test that a collusive lie cannot sustain.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἴπερif indeedC · εἴπερconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴπερ: meaning 'if indeed'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδεςhoraoVBI AAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'horao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰπόνspeakVBI AAD2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δένδρονtreeN2N ASN · δένδρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἶδεςhoraoVBI AAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'horao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁμιλοῦνταςconversingV2 · παπαπμ ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ὁμιλέω: meaning 'conversing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλήλοιςwith one anotherRD DPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἀλλήλοις: meaning 'with one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σχῖνονmastic treeN2 ASF · σχῖνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσχῖνος: meaning 'mastic tree'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
55
εἶπεν δὲ Δανιηλ ὀρθῶς ἔψευσαι εἰς τὴν σεαυτοῦ κεφαλήν ἤδη γὰρ ἄγγελος τοῦ θεοῦ λαβὼν φάσιν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ σχίσει σε μέσον
And Daniel said, 'You have lied well against your own head; for already the angel of God, having received the sentence from God, will split you in two.'
The reply turns the tree-name into a wordplay of judgment: the false witness is symbolically answered by the sentence he has invoked on another.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔανιηλ: meaning 'Daniel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθῶςrightlyD · ὀρθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀρθῶς: meaning 'rightly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔψευσαιyou liedVM XMI2S · ψεύδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψεύδομαι: meaning 'you lied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεαυτοῦyourselfRD GSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσεαυτοῦ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἤδη: meaning 'already'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
λαβὼνhaving takenVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'having taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φάσινsentenceV6 PAI3P · φημίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφημί: meaning 'sentence'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σχίσειwill splitVF FAI2S · σχίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσχίζω: meaning 'will split'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
56
καὶ μεταστήσας αὐτὸν ἐκέλευσεν προσαγαγεῖν τὸν ἕτερον καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ σπέρμα Χανααν καὶ οὐκ Ιουδα τὸ κάλλος ἐξηπάτησέν σε καὶ ἡ ἐπιθυμία διέστρεψεν τὴν καρδίαν σου
And after removing him, he ordered the other to be brought and said to him, 'Seed of Canaan and not of Judah, beauty deceived you and desire perverted your heart.'
The second elder is unmasked as morally alien to Judah's covenant identity, whatever his formal office may be.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεταστήσαςafter removingVA · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι + μετα: meaning 'after removing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκέλευσενorderedVAI AAI3S · κελεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκελεύω: meaning 'ordered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
προσαγαγεῖνbring forwardVB AAN · ἄγω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄγω + προς: meaning 'bring forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕτερονotherA1A ASM · ἕτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἕτερος: meaning 'other'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σπέρμαseedN3M VSN · σπέρμαvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
Χαναανof CanaanN GSM · Χαναανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧανααν: meaning 'of Canaan'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙουδα: meaning 'Judah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E NSN · κάλλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξηπάτησένdeceivedVAI AAI3S · ἀπατάω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπατάω + ἐκ: meaning 'deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιθυμίαdesireN1A NSF · ἐπιθυμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διέστρεψενtwistedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + δια: meaning 'twisted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
57
οὕτως ἐποιεῖτε θυγατράσιν Ισραηλ καὶ ἐκεῖναι φοβούμεναι ὡμίλουν ὑμῖν ἀλλ' οὐ θυγάτηρ Ιουδα ὑπέμεινεν τὴν ἀνομίαν ὑμῶν
'This is how you were acting toward the daughters of Israel, and they, being afraid, were submitting to you; but a daughter of Judah did not endure your lawlessness.'
Daniel widens the case from one incident to a pattern of predatory judicial abuse.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποιεῖτεdoV2I IAI2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυγατράσινθυγατράσινN3 DPF · θυγάτηρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'θυγατράσιν'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖναιthose womenRD NPF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖναι: meaning 'those women'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φοβούμεναιbeing afraidV2 · πμπνπφ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπφ φοβέω: meaning 'being afraid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡμίλουνwould speak withV2I IAI3P · ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁμιλέω: meaning 'would speak with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙουδα: meaning 'Judah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπέμεινενenduredVAI AAI3S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'endured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
58
νῦν οὖν λέγε μοι ὑπὸ τί δένδρον κατέλαβες αὐτοὺς ὁμιλοῦντας ἀλλήλοις ὁ δὲ εἶπεν ὑπὸ πρῖνον
'Now then tell me: under what tree did you catch them talking together?' And he said, 'Under a holm oak.'
The repeated question forces the second witness into a separate detail that can now expose the fabrication.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγεsayV1 PAD2S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δένδρονtreeN2N ASN · δένδρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατέλαβεςdid you catchVBI AAI2S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'did you catch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁμιλοῦνταςconversingV2 · παπαπμ ὁμιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ὁμιλέω: meaning 'conversing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλήλοιςwith one anotherRD DPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἀλλήλοις: meaning 'with one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρῖνονoakN2 ASF · πρῖνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρῖνος: meaning 'oak'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
59
εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ Δανιηλ ὀρθῶς ἔψευσαι καὶ σὺ εἰς τὴν σεαυτοῦ κεφαλήν μένει γὰρ ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν ῥομφαίαν ἔχων πρίσαι σε μέσον ὅπως ἐξολεθρεύσῃ ὑμᾶς
And Daniel said to him, 'You also have lied against your own head; for the angel of God stands waiting with a sword to saw you in two, so as to destroy you both.'
The second punning verdict seals the contradiction and announces joint destruction for the conspirators.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔανιηλ: meaning 'Daniel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀρθῶςrightlyD · ὀρθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀρθῶς: meaning 'rightly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔψευσαιyou liedVM XMI2S · ψεύδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψεύδομαι: meaning 'you lied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεαυτοῦyourselfRD GSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσεαυτοῦ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κεφαλήνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μένειremainV1 PAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμένω: meaning 'remain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελοςangelN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρίσαιto sawVA AAN · πρίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπρίω: meaning 'to saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσῃmay destroyVF FAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'may destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
60
καὶ ἀνεβόησεν πᾶσα ἡ συναγωγὴ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εὐλόγησαν τῷ θεῷ τῷ σῴζοντι τοὺς ἐλπίζοντας ἐπ' αὐτόν
Then all the assembly cried out with a loud voice and blessed God, who saves those who hope in him.
The crowd that once ratified the lie now turns to praise, recognizing divine rescue in the exposed truth.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεβόησενboaoanaVAI AAI3S · βοάω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβοάω + ἀνα: meaning 'boaoana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴassemblyN1 NSF · συναγωγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυναγωγή: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησανblessVA AAI3P · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῴζοντιsavingV1 · παπδσμ σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ σώζω: meaning 'saving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίζονταςhopingV1 · παπαπμ ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ἐλπίζω: meaning 'hoping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
61
καὶ ἀνέστησαν ἐπὶ τοὺς δύο πρεσβύτας ὅτι συνέστησεν αὐτοὺς Δανιηλ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶν ψευδομαρτυρήσαντας καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς ὃν τρόπον ἐπονηρεύσαντο τῷ πλησίον
And they rose up against the two elders, because Daniel had convicted them from their own mouth of bearing false witness, and they did to them as they had wickedly intended to do to their neighbor.
The elders fall by the principle of reciprocal justice built into the law they tried to manipulate.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστησανraise upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοthe twoM ADM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'the two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύταςold manN1M APM · πρεσβύτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτης: meaning 'old man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέστησενconvictedVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + συν: meaning 'convicted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔανιηλ: meaning 'Daniel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψευδομαρτυρήσανταςhaving borne false witnessVA · ααπαπμ ψευδομαρτυρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπαπμ ψευδομαρτυρέω: meaning 'having borne false witness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'manner'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπονηρεύσαντοthey plotted wickedlyVAI AMI3P · πονηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπονηρεύω: meaning 'they plotted wickedly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
62
ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸν νόμον Μωυσῆ καὶ ἀπέκτειναν αὐτούς καὶ ἐσώθη αἷμα ἀναίτιον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ
They carried it out according to the law of Moses and killed them, and innocent blood was saved on that day.
The reversal is explicitly Mosaic: proper law now protects the innocent instead of destroying her.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτεινανkilledVAI AAI3P · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσώθηwas savedVCI API3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσώζω: meaning 'was saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναίτιονinnocentA1A ASN · ἀναίτιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀναίτιος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
63
Χελκιας δὲ καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ ᾔνεσαν τὸν θεὸν περὶ τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτῶν Σουσαννας μετὰ Ιωακιμ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς καὶ τῶν συγγενῶν πάντων ὅτι οὐχ εὑρέθη ἐν αὐτῇ ἄσχημον πρᾶγμα
And Hilkiah and his wife praised God concerning their daughter Susanna, together with Joakim her husband and all the relatives, because nothing shameful was found in her.
The family publicly rejoices, and Susanna's vindication is stated in terms of discovered innocence.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ΧελκιαςHilkiahN NSM · Χελκιαςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΧελκιας: meaning 'Hilkiah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ᾔνεσανpraiseVAI AAI3P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατρὸςdaughterN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
Σουσανναςof SusannaN GSF · Σουσανναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣουσαννας: meaning 'of Susanna'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωακιμ: meaning 'Joakim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγενῶνkinsmanA3H GPM · συγγενήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυγγενής: meaning 'kinsman'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρέθηfindVC API3S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄσχημονshamefulA3N ASN · ἀσχήμωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσχήμων: meaning 'shameful'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πρᾶγμαmatter / thingN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
64
καὶ Δανιηλ ἐγένετο μέγας ἐνώπιον τοῦ λαοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ἐπέκεινα
And Daniel became great before the people from that day onward.
The story closes by marking Daniel's rise: forensic wisdom and divine justice have now publicly authenticated him before the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔανιηλ: meaning 'Daniel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνώπιονbeforeD P · ἐνώπιονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκείνηςthatRD GSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐκείνης: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέκειναbeyondD · ἐπέκειναadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπέκεινα: meaning 'beyond'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.