Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

1 Chronicles 1ΠΑΡΑΛΕΙΠΟΜΕΝΩΝ Α′ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The chapter is the Chronicler's panoramic opening genealogy, compressing the primeval and patriarchal past into a rapid sequence of names and lists that runs from Adam to Abraham and then outward through Ishmael, Keturah, Esau, Seir, and the early rulers of Edom.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 1 Chronicles 1 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The chapter is the Chronicler's panoramic opening genealogy, compressing the primeval and patriarchal past into a rapid sequence of names and lists that runs from Adam to Abraham and then outward through Ishmael, Keturah, Esau, Seir, and the early rulers of Edom. Rather than narrating events, it arranges Israel's world by descent: Adam to Noah (vv. 1–4), the nations through Japheth and Ham with the Nimrod notice (vv. 5–10), the resumed Shem-line to Abraham (vv. 17, 24–27), Abraham's non-Israelite branches (Ishmael and Keturah, vv. 28–34), Esau and the Horites of Seir (vv. 35–42), and the Edomite kings and chiefs (vv. 43–54). In effect the chapter gathers Genesis 5, 10, 11, 25, and 36 into a single threshold text that places Israel's chosen line inside the full map of humanity while already moving the reader's eye toward Judah's rivals and neighbors. The Greek style is overwhelmingly list-like and paratactic: bare nominatives, repeated υἱοί / υἱοὶ δέ formulas, and persistent καί-linkage reproduce the chronicler's ledger-like compression rather than smoothing it into periodic Greek prose. Proper names are almost entirely transliterated and function as indeclinables. Particularly notable is the retention of the brief narrative aside on Nimrod (v. 10), where the static genealogy suddenly opens into a predicate clause: οὗτος ἤρξατο τοῦ εἶναι γίγας κυνηγὸς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. The chapter also preserves the politically important Edomite regnal dossier (vv. 43–54), parallel to Genesis 36:31–43, in order to show that Edom possessed kings and chiefs before Israel's own monarchy came into view. The verse numeration of the Greek tradition is notably discontinuous in places in this chapter (after v. 10 the extant CATSS/Rahlfs line resumes at v. 17, then at v. 24), and the imported chapter follows that source numbering rather than harmonizing it to later English versification. The result is a deliberately selective preface to Chronicles as a whole: universal in scope, but already ordered toward the Abrahamic, Edomite, and ultimately Davidic horizon.

1

Αδαμ Σηθ Ενως

Adam, Seth, Enosh.

Genealogical incipit: Adam to Enosasyndeton
The chapter opens without conjunction or narrative verb: bare proper names in asyndetic sequence. The effect is archival rather than narrative. Adam, Seth, and Enos form the first stroke of the primeval spine, assuming Genesis rather than retelling it.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΑδαμAdamname-item in bare genealogical registerAdam: the first man and opening ancestor of the whole human line.
ΣηθSethname-item in bare genealogical registerSeth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΕνωςEnoshname-item in bare genealogical registerEnosh: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
2

Καιναν Μαλελεηλ Ιαρεδ

Cainan, Mahalalel, Jared.

Continuation of the primeval lineasyndeton
The second triad continues the same name-list rhythm with no syntactic development beyond apposition by sequence. The genealogical register advances by compression: no ages, no formulas, only the chain itself matters.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΚαινανCainanname-item in bare genealogical registerCainan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαλελεηλMahalalelname-item in bare genealogical registerMahalalel: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΙαρεδJaredname-item in bare genealogical registerJared: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
3

Ενωχ Μαθουσαλα Λαμεχ

Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech.

Continuation of the primeval line to Lamechasyndeton
The third triad brings the line to Lamech. The unrelieved asyndeton gives the material a mnemonic, ledger-like cast, as though the Chronicler is moving swiftly across inherited sacred memory toward a more structurally important threshold.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΕνωχEnochname-item in bare genealogical registerEnoch: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαθουσαλαMethuselahname-item in bare genealogical registerMethuselah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΛαμεχLamechname-item in bare genealogical registerLamech: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
4

Νωε υἱοὶ Νωε Σημ Χαμ Ιαφεθ

Noah; the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, Japheth.

Primeval hinge: Noah and his three sonsΝωε
Noah becomes the hinge into postdiluvian humanity. The sudden insertion of υἱοὶ Νωε breaks the previous triadic rhythm and marks the transition from one surviving patriarch to the three branches from which the nations will now be mapped.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΝωεNoahopening name-item completing the Adam-to-Noah spineNoah: the flood survivor and hinge between the primeval world and the nations.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing Noah's threefold postdiluvian branchυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΝωεNoahgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorNoah: the flood survivor and hinge between the primeval world and the nations. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark Noah as father of the three branches.
ΣημShemfirst coordinated son-name under NoahShem: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΧαμHamsecond coordinated son-name under NoahHam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΙαφεθJapheththird coordinated son-name under NoahJapheth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
5

υἱοὶ Ιαφεθ Γαμερ Μαγωγ Μαδαι Ιωυαν Ελισα Θοβελ Μοσοχ καὶ Θιρας

The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Elishah, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

New genealogical branch: Japhethυἱοὶ Ιαφεθ
The formula υἱοὶ + genitive launches the Japhethite table. The verse widens the horizon from the single preserved family to the peoples of the northern and western world known from Genesis 10.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΙαφεθJaphethgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorJapheth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΓαμερGomercoordinated descendant-name in filial registerGomer: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαγωγMagogcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerMagog: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαδαιMadaicoordinated descendant-name in filial registerMadai: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΙωυανJavancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerJavan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΕλισαElishahcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerElishah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΘοβελTubalcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerTubal: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜοσοχMeshechcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerMeshech: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΘιραςTirasfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerTiras: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
6

καὶ υἱοὶ Γαμερ Ασχαναζ καὶ Ριφαθ καὶ Θοργαμα

And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Sub-branch under Japheth: Gomerκαὶ υἱοὶ Γαμερ
The repeated καὶ υἱοὶ formula marks a lower genealogical tier within the Japheth section. The list remains purely nominative and additive, preserving the structure of a family register rather than producing explanatory prose.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΓαμερGomergenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorGomer: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΑσχαναζAshkenazcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAshkenaz: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΡιφαθRiphathcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerRiphath: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΘοργαμαTogarmahfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerTogarmah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
7

καὶ υἱοὶ Ιωυαν Ελισα καὶ Θαρσις Κίτιοι καὶ Ῥόδιοι

And the sons of Javan: Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittians, and Rhodians.

Sub-branch under Japheth: Javanκαὶ υἱοὶ Ιωυαν
A second Japhthite sub-branch closes the section. The Kittians and Rhodians point the list toward island and maritime peoples, broadening the chapter's geographical horizon before the Hamite line begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΙωυανJavangenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorJavan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΕλισαElishahcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerElishah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΘαρσιςTarshishcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerTarshish: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΚίτιοιKittianscoordinated descendant-name in filial registerKittians: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ῬόδιοιRhodiansfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerRhodians: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
8

καὶ υἱοὶ Χαμ Χους καὶ Μεστραιμ Φουδ καὶ Χανααν

And the sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Phud, and Canaan.

New genealogical branch: Hamκαὶ υἱοὶ Χαμ
The chapter turns from Japheth to Ham with the same formal list device. Cush, Mizraim, Phud, and Canaan prepare for the more elaborate Hamite material that follows, especially the Cushite cluster and the Canaanite horizon relevant to Israel's later story.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΧαμHamgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorHam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΧουςCushcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerCush: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΜεστραιμMizraimcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerMizraim: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΦουδPhudcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerPhud: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΧαναανCanaanfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerCanaan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
9

καὶ υἱοὶ Χους Σαβα καὶ Ευιλατ καὶ Σαβαθα καὶ Ρεγμα καὶ Σεβεκαθα καὶ υἱοὶ Ρεγμα Σαβα καὶ Ουδαδαν

And the sons of Cush: Saba, and Havilah, and Sabatha, and Regma, and Sebecatha; and the sons of Regma: Saba and Oudadan.

Expansion of the Cushite branchκαὶ υἱοὶ Χους
The Hamite line narrows immediately to Cush and then proliferates. The doubled appearance of Saba and the inclusion of the sons of Regma show the genealogical habit of expanding only selected lines where later ethnographic significance is at stake.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing the Cushite filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΧουςCushgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorCush: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark Cush as father of the listed descendants.
ΣαβαSabafirst coordinated descendant-name in the Cushite lineSaba: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΕυιλατHavilahcoordinated descendant-name in the Cushite lineHavilah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣαβαθαSabathacoordinated descendant-name in the Cushite lineSabatha: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΡεγμαRegmacoordinated descendant-name in the Cushite lineRegma: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣεβεκαθαSebecathafinal coordinated descendant-name in the first Cushite listSebecatha: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurnested head noun introducing the sons of Regmaυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΡεγμαRegmagenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitor of the nested sub-listRegma: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. The line narrows here from Cush to Regma and then to Regma's own sons.
ΣαβαSabafirst coordinated descendant-name in Regma's sub-listSaba: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΟυδαδανOudadanfinal coordinated descendant-name in Regma's sub-listOudadan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
10

καὶ Χους ἐγέννησεν τὸν Νεβρωδ οὗτος ἤρξατο τοῦ εἶναι γίγας κυνηγὸς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς

And Cush begot Nimrod; he began to be a mighty hunter upon the earth.

Narrative aside within the genealogy: Nimrodκαὶ Χους ἐγέννησεν
For the first time the list becomes a sentence. The aorist ἐγέννησεν and the explanatory clause οὗτος ἤρξατο τοῦ εἶναι transform the register into a miniature character notice. Nimrod stands out from the names because he is described as a γίγας κυνηγός, not merely catalogued.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction introducing the Nimrod noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΧουςCushsubject of ἐγέννησενCush: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here the genealogy momentarily turns into a full clause.
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a bare list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheAcc Masc Singarticle with the direct object ΝεβρωδDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΝεβρωδNimroddirect object of ἐγέννησενNimrod: Nimrod, the only early descendant in this chapter briefly characterized rather than merely listed. The line pauses on Nimrod for characterization rather than moving on immediately to more names.
οὗτοςthis oneNom Masc Singdemonstrative subject introducing the explanatory predicateοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; anaphoric here, picking up Nimrod by name and singling him out for characterization.
ἤρξατοbeganAor Mid Indic 3 Singmain verb of inceptive characterization→ ingressive aorist (entry into a characterized role)ἄρχω (mid.): begin; with the infinitive it marks the inception of Nimrod's career-description.
τοῦtheGen Masc/Neut Singarticle with the complementary infinitive εἶναιDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
εἶναιto bePres Act Infinitivecomplementary infinitive after ἤρξατοεἰμί: be; complementary infinitive completing the inceptive sense of ἤρξατο.
γίγαςmighty manNom Masc Singfirst predicate nominative after εἶναιγίγας: giant / mighty man; here a characterization of Nimrod as a figure of exceptional prowess rather than a mere name in the list.
κυνηγὸςhunterNom Masc Singsecond predicate nominative after εἶναικυνηγός: hunter; labels Nimrod by activity, making him the chapter's most vividly characterized early figure.
ἐπὶuponpreposition governing τῆς γῆςἐπί + genitive: on / upon; here locative, situating Nimrod's activity on the earth.
τῆςtheGen Fem Singarticle with γῆςDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
γῆςthe earthGen Fem Singobject of ἐπὶγῆ: earth / land; here the inhabited earth as the stage of Nimrod's fame.
17

υἱοὶ Σημ Αιλαμ καὶ Ασσουρ καὶ Αρφαξαδ

The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad.

Return to the third great branch: Shemυἱοὶ Σημ
After the intervening ethnographic material the Shemite line is resumed. In the imported Greek source the verse numbering jumps here, and the chapter follows that inherited numeration. Structurally, however, the point is clear: the genealogy is now moving toward Abraham.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΣημShemgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorShem: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΑιλαμElamcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerElam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑσσουρAsshurcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAsshur: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑρφαξαδArphaxadfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerArphaxad: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
24

Σαλα

Salah.

Compressed resumption of the Abrahamic ascentΣαλα
The single-name verse intensifies the chapter's compression. Instead of reproducing the fuller Genesis genealogy with repeated formulas, Chronicles now advances almost telegraphically from link to link.
Word-by-word analysis· 1 word
ΣαλαSalahname-item in bare genealogical registerSalah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
25

Εβερ Φαλεκ Ραγαυ

Eber, Phalek, Ragau.

Continuation toward AbrahamΕβερ
Three names are grouped into one line, with Phalek especially signaling the line that continues after the division traditions of Genesis. The Chronicler wants the sequence, not the intervening narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΕβερEbername-item in bare genealogical registerEber: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΦαλεκPhalekname-item in bare genealogical registerPhalek: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΡαγαυRagauname-item in bare genealogical registerRagau: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
26

Σερουχ Ναχωρ Θαρα

Serouch, Nahor, Thara.

Continuation toward TerahΣερουχ
The patriarchal preface is narrowed still further. Serouch, Nachor, and Thara are listed in uninterrupted succession, carrying the reader to the immediate threshold of Abraham.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΣερουχSerouchname-item in bare genealogical registerSerouch: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΝαχωρNahorname-item in bare genealogical registerNahor: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΘαραTharaname-item in bare genealogical registerThara: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
27

Αβρααμ

Abraham.

Arrival at Abraham: genealogical climax of the first halfΑβρααμ
The one-name verse gives Abraham visual prominence. The long narrowing movement from Adam through Shem terminates here in the patriarch from whom Israel's specific story will unfold.
Word-by-word analysis· 1 word
ΑβρααμAbrahamname-item in bare genealogical registerAbraham: the patriarch through whom the chapter narrows from universal humanity toward Israel's story.
28

υἱοὶ δὲ Αβρααμ Ισαακ καὶ Ισμαηλ

Now the sons of Abraham: Isaac and Ishmael.

New patriarchal branch-point: Abraham’s sonsυἱοὶ δὲ Αβρααμ
δέ marks the transition from the ascent to Abraham to the distribution of Abraham's lines. Isaac and Ishmael are named together before the text differentiates the collateral and covenantal branches.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
δὲnowpostpositive connective marking transition or resumptionδέ: mild connective; here it marks a fresh sub-list or resumptive turn rather than strong contrast.
ΑβρααμAbrahamcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAbraham: the patriarch through whom the chapter narrows from universal humanity toward Israel's story.
ΙσαακIsaaccoordinated descendant-name in filial registerIsaac: the son of promise and the covenantal line through Abraham.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙσμαηλIshmaelfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerIshmael: Abraham's firstborn, here given a full collateral genealogy.
29

αὗται δὲ αἱ γενέσεις πρωτοτόκου Ισμαηλ Ναβαιωθ καὶ Κηδαρ Ναβδεηλ Μαβσαν

And these are the generations of Ishmael the firstborn: Nabaioth, and Kedar, Nabdeel, and Mabsan,

Sub-heading: the generations of Ishmaelαὗται δὲ αἱ γενέσεις
The phrase αὗται δὲ αἱ γενέσεις gives Ishmael's line a formal heading parallel to Genesis toledoth notices. By beginning with the πρωτότοκος, the text acknowledges Ishmael's priority of birth even while the larger biblical history will move through Isaac.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
αὗταιtheseNom Fem Plurdemonstrative introducing a formal headingοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; cataphoric here, pointing forward to the genealogical heading that follows.
δὲnowpostpositive connective marking transition or resumptionδέ: mild connective; here it marks a fresh sub-list or resumptive turn rather than strong contrast.
αἱtheNom Fem Plurarticle with γενέσειςDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
γενέσειςgenerationsNom Fem Plurhead noun of the Ishmaelite headingγένεσις: generations / genealogical origins; a toledoth-style heading noun relaunching the list formally.
πρωτοτόκουfirstbornGen Masc Singgenitive modifier of Ισμαηλπρωτότοκος: firstborn; marks Ishmael's birth-priority without transferring the covenant line from Isaac.
ΙσμαηλIshmaelgenitive dependent on γενέσεις and πρωτοτόκου, identifying the line's ancestorIshmael: Abraham's firstborn, here given a full collateral genealogy. The heading formally relaunches the genealogy under Ishmael.
ΝαβαιωθNabaiothfirst named descendant under the Ishmaelite headingNabaioth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΚηδαρKedarcoordinated descendant-name under the Ishmaelite headingKedar: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΝαβδεηλNabdeelcoordinated descendant-name under the Ishmaelite headingNabdeel: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαβσανMabsanfinal descendant-name in this first Ishmaelite lineMabsan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
30

Μασμα Ιδουμα Μασση Χοδδαδ Θαιμαν

Masma, Idouma, Masse, Chodad, Teman,

Continuation of Ishmael’s princely lineΜασμα
The name-list continues without verbs or predicates. The style underlines the point of the section: Ishmael too becomes a substantial people-world, not a mere discarded sideline.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ΜασμαMasmaname-item in bare genealogical registerMasma: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΙδουμαIdoumaname-item in bare genealogical registerIdouma: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜασσηMassename-item in bare genealogical registerMasse: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΧοδδαδChodadname-item in bare genealogical registerChodad: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΘαιμανTemanname-item in bare genealogical registerTeman: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
31

Ιεττουρ Ναφες καὶ Κεδμα οὗτοί εἰσιν υἱοὶ Ισμαηλ

Jettour, Naphes, and Kedma; these are the sons of Ishmael.

Closure of Ishmael’s lineΙεττουρ
The concluding demonstrative-summary οὗτοί εἰσιν υἱοὶ Ισμαηλ closes the section with an explicit formula of identification. The list is complete and self-contained before the Keturah material begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ΙεττουρJettourcontinuing descendant-name in the Ishmaelite registerJettour: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΝαφεςNaphescontinuing descendant-name in the Ishmaelite registerNaphes: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΚεδμαKedmafinal descendant-name in the Ishmaelite registerKedma: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
οὗτοίtheseNom Masc Plurdemonstrative summary termοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; summarizes the just-listed names as the completed Ishmaelite register.
εἰσινarePres Act Indic 3 Plurcopular verb of summary-identification→ present of identificationεἰμί: be; identifies the preceding names as the completed Ishmaelite line.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurpredicate nominative in the identifying summaryυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΙσμαηλIshmaelgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ in the summary formulaIshmael: Abraham's firstborn, here given a full collateral genealogy. The closing formula seals the whole Ishmaelite sub-list.
32

καὶ υἱοὶ Χεττουρας παλλακῆς Αβρααμ καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Ζεμβραν Ιεξαν Μαδαν Μαδιαμ Σοβακ Σωε καὶ υἱοὶ Ιεξαν Σαβα καὶ Δαιδαν

And the sons of Keturah, Abraham's concubine: she bore to him Zembran, Jexan, Madan, Madiam, Sobak, and Soe; and the sons of Jexan: Saba and Daidan.

New collateral branch: Keturahκαὶ υἱοὶ Χεττουρας
Keturah is identified as Abraham's παλλακή, and the line is introduced both by υἱοί and by the finite verb ἔτεκεν. The mixed formula preserves the list's genealogical feel while stressing that these too are true Abrahamic descendants.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing Keturah's collateral lineυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΧεττουραςKeturahgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the mother of the lineKeturah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Keturah is named from the maternal side in this collateral genealogy.
παλλακῆςconcubineGen Fem Singgenitive in apposition to Χεττουραςπαλλακή: concubine; identifies Keturah's status in relation to Abraham in the collateral genealogy.
ΑβρααμAbrahamgenitive dependent on παλλακῆς, identifying Abraham as possessorAbraham: the patriarch through whom the chapter narrows from universal humanity toward Israel's story. Abraham is named here to locate Keturah's branch within his wider fatherhood.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔτεκενboreAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of birth notice for Keturah→ constative aorist (birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; used from the maternal side where γεννάω had represented paternal descent.
αὐτῷto himDat Masc Singindirect object with ἔτεκεναὐτός: third-person pronoun; refers to Abraham as the father to whom Keturah bore sons.
τὸνtheAcc Masc Singarticle with the first object-name ΖεμβρανDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΖεμβρανZembranfirst direct-object name under ἔτεκενZembran: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΙεξανJexancoordinated direct-object name under ἔτεκενJexan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαδανMadancoordinated direct-object name under ἔτεκενMadan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαδιαμMadiamcoordinated direct-object name under ἔτεκενMadiam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣοβακSobakcoordinated direct-object name under ἔτεκενSobak: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣωεSoefinal direct-object name under ἔτεκενSoe: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurnested head noun introducing the sons of Jexanυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΙεξανJexangenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitor of the nested lineJexan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣαβαSabafirst descendant-name in Jexan's sub-listSaba: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΔαιδανDaidanfinal descendant-name in Jexan's sub-listDaidan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
33

καὶ υἱοὶ Μαδιαμ Γαιφα καὶ Οφερ καὶ Ενωχ καὶ Αβιδα καὶ Ελδαα πάντες οὗτοι υἱοὶ Χεττουρας

And the sons of Madiam: Gaipha, and Opher, and Enoch, and Abida, and Eldaa; all these are the sons of Keturah.

Continuation and closure of Keturah’s lineκαὶ υἱοὶ Μαδιαμ
The Keturah section narrows to Midian and then closes with πάντες οὗτοι υἱοὶ Χεττουρας. The summarizing formula parallels the Ishmael close and keeps Abraham's collateral branches balanced before the return to Isaac.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing the sons of Madiamυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΜαδιαμMadiamgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitor of the sub-listMadiam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΓαιφαGaiphafirst descendant-name in the Madiam lineGaipha: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΟφερOphercoordinated descendant-name in the Madiam lineOpher: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΕνωχEnochcoordinated descendant-name in the Madiam lineEnoch: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑβιδαAbidacoordinated descendant-name in the Madiam lineAbida: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΕλδααEldaafinal descendant-name in the Madiam lineEldaa: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
πάντεςallNom Masc Plursummative modifier of οὗτοιπᾶς: all; gathers the full Keturah-line into a closing summary statement.
οὗτοιtheseNom Masc Plurdemonstrative predicate term in the closing summaryοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used either to introduce the Edomite kings or to summarize a completed list.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurpredicate nominative in the closing summaryυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΧεττουραςKeturahgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ in the closing summaryKeturah: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. The closing formula gathers the whole collateral branch back under Keturah.
34

καὶ ἐγέννησεν Αβρααμ τὸν Ισαακ καὶ υἱοὶ Ισαακ Ησαυ καὶ Ιακωβ

And Abraham begot Isaac; and the sons of Isaac: Esau and Jacob.

Return to Isaac and bridge to Jacob/Esauκαὶ ἐγέννησεν Αβρααμ
The genealogy deliberately circles back: Abraham begat Isaac, and Isaac's sons are Esau and Jacob. This verse functions as a hinge from Abraham's wider fatherhood to the fraternal line whose tensions shape the rest of the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐγέννησενbegotAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb returning from collateral lines to Abraham's covenantal branch→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a bare list into an explicit descent statement.
ΑβρααμAbrahamsubject of ἐγέννησενAbraham: the patriarch through whom the chapter narrows from universal humanity toward Israel's story. The genealogy circles back from Ishmael and Keturah to the Isaac line.
τὸνtheAcc Masc Singarticle with the direct object ΙσαακDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙσαακIsaacdirect object of ἐγέννησενIsaac: the son of promise and the covenantal line through Abraham.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing Isaac's sonsυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΙσαακIsaacgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorIsaac: the son of promise and the covenantal line through Abraham.
ΗσαυEsaufirst coordinated son-name under IsaacEsau: Esau, ancestor of Edom and focal figure of the chapter's closing dossiers.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙακωβJacobsecond coordinated son-name under IsaacJacob: Jacob, the covenant heir whose line will govern the rest of Chronicles.
35

υἱοὶ Ησαυ Ελιφας καὶ Ραγουηλ καὶ Ιεουλ καὶ Ιεγλομ καὶ Κορε

The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, and Ragouel, and Jeoul, and Jeglom, and Kore.

Opening of the Esau/Edom dossierυἱοὶ Ησαυ
The Esau section begins with his sons, not Jacob's line. Chronicles is not forgetting Israel; it is situating Israel among its nearest kin-rivals, especially Edom, whose political maturity will be highlighted next.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΗσαυEsaugenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorEsau: Esau, ancestor of Edom and focal figure of the chapter's closing dossiers. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΕλιφαςEliphazcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerEliphaz: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΡαγουηλRagouelcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerRagouel: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙεουλJeoulcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerJeoul: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙεγλομJeglomcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerJeglom: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΚορεKorefinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerKore: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
36

υἱοὶ Ελιφας Θαιμαν καὶ Ωμαρ Σωφαρ καὶ Γοωθαμ καὶ Κενεζ καὶ τῆς Θαμνα Αμαληκ

The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, and Omar, Sophar, and Gothom, and Kenez, and by Timna, Amalek.

Sub-branch: Eliphaz and Amalekυἱοὶ Ελιφας
Eliphaz's descendants are listed first. The final notice καὶ τῆς Θαμνα Αμαληκ is especially pointed, since Amalek emerges from the Esau line and will later stand as one of Israel's emblematic enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing the sons of Eliphazυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΕλιφαςEliphazgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorEliphaz: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΘαιμανTemanfirst coordinated descendant-name in the Eliphaz lineTeman: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΩμαρOmarcoordinated descendant-name in the Eliphaz lineOmar: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣωφαρSopharcoordinated descendant-name in the Eliphaz lineSophar: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΓοωθαμGothomcoordinated descendant-name in the Eliphaz lineGothom: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΚενεζKenezcoordinated descendant-name in the Eliphaz lineKenez: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τῆςtheGen Fem Singarticle with ΘαμναDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΘαμναTimnagenitive with an implied maternal relation introducing Amalek through TimnaTimna: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. The compressed genitive construction preserves the terse genealogical style while signaling Timna's role in the Amalek notice.
ΑμαληκAmalekfinal descendant-name attached through the Timna noticeAmalek: Amalek, fixed here within the Esau/Edom line and significant for later Israelite conflict. Amalek receives special later significance in Israel's story.
37

καὶ υἱοὶ Ραγουηλ Ναχεθ Ζαρε Σομε καὶ Μοζε

And the sons of Ragouel: Nacheth, Zare, Some, and Moze.

Sub-branch: Reuelκαὶ υἱοὶ Ραγουηλ
A parallel sub-list under Reuel balances the Esau genealogy. The repeated formula keeps the structure transparent: son-line, then grandson-line, then the expansion into Seir.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΡαγουηλRagouelgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorRagouel: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΝαχεθNachethcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerNacheth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΖαρεZarecoordinated descendant-name in filial registerZare: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣομεSomecoordinated descendant-name in filial registerSome: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΜοζεMozefinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerMoze: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
38

υἱοὶ Σηιρ Λωταν Σωβαλ Σεβεγων Ανα Δησων Ωσαρ Δαισων

The sons of Seir: Lotan, Sobal, Sebegon, Ana, Deson, Osar, and Daison.

Territorial widening: the Horites of Seirυἱοὶ Σηιρ
The genealogy shifts from Esau's direct descendants to the older inhabitants of Seir. This move shows that Edom is not only a family tree but a territorial-political world with preexisting local structures.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΣηιρSeirgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorSeir: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΛωτανLotancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerLotan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣωβαλSobalcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerSobal: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣεβεγωνSebegoncoordinated descendant-name in filial registerSebegon: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΑναAnacoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAna: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΔησωνDesoncoordinated descendant-name in filial registerDeson: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΩσαρOsarcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerOsar: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΔαισωνDaisonfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerDaison: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
39

καὶ υἱοὶ Λωταν Χορρι καὶ Αιμαν καὶ Αιλαθ καὶ Ναμνα

And the sons of Lotan: Chorri, and Aiman, and Ailath, and Namna.

Continuation within the Seir/Horite materialκαὶ υἱοὶ Λωταν
The Horite register now proceeds branch by branch. The style remains additive and administrative, fitting the chapter's concern to catalogue the land-world surrounding Esau/Edom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΛωτανLotangenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorLotan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΧορριHorricoordinated descendant-name in filial registerHorri: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑιμανAimancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAiman: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑιλαθAilathcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAilath: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΝαμναNamnafinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerNamna: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
40

υἱοὶ Σωβαλ Γωλαμ Μαναχαθ Γαιβηλ Σωβ καὶ Ωναμ υἱοὶ δὲ Σεβεγων Αια καὶ Ανα

The sons of Sobal: Golam, Manachath, Gaibel, Sob, and Onam; and the sons of Sebegon: Aia and Ana.

Continuation within the Seir/Horite materialυἱοὶ Σωβαλ
Another Horite sub-branch follows, with the secondary notice about the sons of Sebegon. The genealogy stacks kin-groups to create a layered social map rather than a single linear ancestry.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΣωβαλSobalgenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorSobal: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΓωλαμGolamcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerGolam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΜαναχαθManachathcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerManachath: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΓαιβηλGaibelcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerGaibel: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΣωβSobcoordinated descendant-name in filial registerSob: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΩναμOnamfinal name-item in the current list before a nested filial heading beginsOnam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
δὲnowpostpositive connective marking transition or resumptionδέ: mild connective; here it marks a fresh sub-list or resumptive turn rather than strong contrast.
ΣεβεγωνSebegoncoordinated descendant-name in filial registerSebegon: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΑιαAiacoordinated descendant-name in filial registerAia: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑναAnafinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerAna: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
41

υἱοὶ Ανα Δαισων υἱοὶ δὲ Δησων Εμερων καὶ Εσεβαν καὶ Ιεθραν καὶ Χαρραν

The sons of Ana: Daison; and the sons of Deson: Emeron, and Eseban, and Jethran, and Charran.

Continuation within the Seir/Horite materialυἱοὶ Ανα
The branching continues through Anah, Dishon, and their sons. These internal subdivisions underline that Edom's background is richly articulated long before the kings appear.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurhead noun introducing a filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΑναAnagenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorAna: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΔαισωνDaisonfinal name-item in the current list before a nested filial heading beginsDaison: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
δὲnowpostpositive connective marking transition or resumptionδέ: mild connective; here it marks a fresh sub-list or resumptive turn rather than strong contrast.
ΔησωνDesoncoordinated descendant-name in filial registerDeson: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ΕμερωνEmeroncoordinated descendant-name in filial registerEmeron: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΕσεβανEsebancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerEseban: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙεθρανJethrancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerJethran: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΧαρρανCharranfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerCharran: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
42

καὶ υἱοὶ Ωσαρ Βαλααν καὶ Ζουκαν καὶ Ιωκαν υἱοὶ Δαισων Ως καὶ Αρραν

And the sons of Osar: Balaan, and Zoukan, and Jokan; the sons of Daison: Os and Arran.

Closure of the Seir/Horite materialκαὶ υἱοὶ Ωσαρ
The final Seirite sub-list brings the territorial register to completion. The chapter has now moved from Esau's household outward into the broader web of Edomite-Horite organization.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΩσαρOsargenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorOsar: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΒαλαανBalaancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerBalaan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΖουκανZoukancoordinated descendant-name in filial registerZoukan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙωκανJokanfinal name-item in the current list before a nested filial heading beginsJokan: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
υἱοὶsonsNom Masc Plurresumptive head noun introducing a nested filial sub-listυἱός: son; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named progenitor.
ΔαισωνDaisongenitive dependent on υἱοὶ, naming the progenitorDaison: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Here in the genitive after υἱοὶ to mark the ancestor whose descendants are listed.
ΩςOscoordinated descendant-name in filial registerOs: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑρρανArranfinal coordinated descendant-name in filial registerArran: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
43

καὶ οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῶν Βαλακ υἱὸς Βεωρ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει αὐτοῦ Δενναβα

And these were their kings: Balak son of Beor, and the name of his city was Dennaba.

Political heading: the kings of Edomκαὶ οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς
The register becomes explicitly political. οὗτοι οἱ βασιλεῖς announces a royal dossier, parallel to Genesis 36, and signals that Edom possessed kingship before Israel's own monarchy enters the narrative world of Chronicles.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandconjunction introducing the Edomite royal dossierκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
οὗτοιtheseNom Masc Plurdemonstrative heading term for the royal listοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used either to introduce the Edomite kings or to summarize a completed list.
οἱtheNom Masc Plurarticle with βασιλεῖςDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
βασιλεῖςkingsNom Masc Plurhead noun in royal headingβασιλεύς: kings; introduces the Edomite royal dossier as a political register rather than a family list.
αὐτῶνtheirGen Masc Plurpossessive genitive with βασιλεῖςαὐτός: third-person pronoun; refers to the Edomites whose kings are now being listed.
ΒαλακBalakfirst named king in the Edomite dossierBalak: the first named king in the Edomite royal list.
υἱὸςsonNom Masc Singappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks paternal descent in the royal or genealogical notices.
ΒεωρBeorgenitive dependent on υἱὸς, naming Bela's fatherBeor: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὄνομαthe nameNom/Acc Neut Singhead noun in the city-naming formulaὄνομα: name; in the stock notice about a ruler's city it introduces the attached place-name.
τῇtheDat Fem Singarticle with πόλειDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πόλειcityDat Fem Singdative complement in naming formulaπόλις: city; the dative follows ὄνομα in the stock formula naming a ruler's city.
αὐτοῦhisGen Masc Singpossessive genitive with πόλειαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΔενναβαDennabapredicate name completing the city-naming formulaDennaba: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
44

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Βαλακ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Ιωβαβ υἱὸς Ζαρα ἐκ Βοσορρας

And Balak died, and Jobab son of Zara from Bosorra reigned in his place.

Succession formula: Jobab after Belaκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Βαλακ
The recurring succession pattern begins: the death of one ruler and the enthronement of the next ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ. The formula gives the section annalistic rhythm, like a compressed royal archive.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandconjunction opening the next succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΒαλακBalakname-item in the succession noticeBalak: the first named king in the Edomite royal list.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking the death notice to the accession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΙωβαβJobabname-item in the succession noticeJobab: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
υἱὸςsonNom Masc Singappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks paternal descent in the royal or genealogical notices.
ΖαραZaragenitive dependent on υἱὸς, naming the fatherZara: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἐκfrompreposition marking place of originἐκ: from / out of; here introduces the city or land from which a ruler comes.
ΒοσορραςBosorraplace-name governed by ἐκ, marking originBosorra: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
45

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ιωβαβ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Ασομ ἐκ τῆς γῆς Θαιμανων

And Jobab died, and Asom from the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.

Succession formula continuesκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Ιωβαβ
A second royal succession follows immediately, reinforcing the stability and continuity of Edomite political order as represented by the list.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandconjunction opening the next succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΙωβαβJobabname-item in the succession noticeJobab: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking the death notice to the accession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΑσομAsomname-item in the succession noticeAsom: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἐκfrompreposition marking place of originἐκ: from / out of; here introduces the city or land from which a ruler comes.
τῆςtheGen Fem Singarticle with dependent genitive nounDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
γῆςthe landGen Fem Singhead noun in the place-of-origin phraseγῆ: earth / land; here the inhabited earth as the stage of Nimrod's fame.
ΘαιμανωνTemanitesethnic/place-name dependent on γῆςTemanites: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
46

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ασομ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Αδαδ υἱὸς Βαραδ ὁ πατάξας Μαδιαμ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Μωαβ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει αὐτοῦ Γεθθαιμ

And Asom died, and Adad son of Barad, who struck Madiam in the plain of Moab, reigned in his place; and the name of his city was Geththaim.

Succession formula with exploit note on Hadadκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Ασομ
The pattern briefly expands with a characterizing aside: Hadad is identified as the one who struck Midian in the plain of Moab. As with Nimrod earlier, the list momentarily opens into remembered deed, not just name.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandconjunction opening the next succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΑσομAsomsubject of the death noticeAsom: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking death to accessionκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΑδαδAdadnew royal subject in the accession noticeAdad: a recurrent Edomite royal name in the closing succession notices.
υἱὸςsonNom Masc Singappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks paternal descent in the royal or genealogical notices.
ΒαραδBaradgenitive dependent on υἱὸς, naming Adad's fatherBarad: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ὁtheNom Masc Singarticle with participle or υἱόςDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πατάξαςhaving struckAor Act Part Nom Masc Singcircumstantial participle further identifying Adadπατάσσω: strike / smite; the aorist participle appends a remembered exploit to Adad's name.
ΜαδιαμMadiamdirect object of πατάξαςMadiam: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions. Midian appears here not as Abrahamic collateral line but as the people defeated by Adad.
ἐνinpreposition governing πεδίῳἐν + dative: in; locates Adad's victory in the plain of Moab.
τῷtheDat Neut Singarticle with πεδίῳDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πεδίῳplainDat Neut Singobject of ἐνπεδίον: plain / open field; here the locale of Adad's victory over Midian.
ΜωαβMoabgenitive dependent on πεδίῳ, specifying the plain of MoabMoab: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction introducing the city-naming formulaκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὄνομαthe nameNom Neut Singsubject noun in the city-naming formulaὄνομα: name; in the stock notice about a ruler's city it introduces the attached place-name.
τῇtheDat Fem Singarticle with πόλειDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πόλειcityDat Fem Singdative complement in naming formulaπόλις: city; the dative follows ὄνομα in the stock formula naming a ruler's city.
αὐτοῦhisGen Masc Singpossessive genitive with πόλειαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΓεθθαιμGeththaimpredicate city-name completing the formulaGeththaim: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
47

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Αδαδ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Σαμαα ἐκ Μασεκκας

And Adad died, and Samaa from Masekka reigned in his place.

Succession formula continuesκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Αδαδ
The royal notices resume their minimalist pattern. Named cities continue to anchor the kings in specific territorial centers, making the list both dynastic and geographic.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandconjunction opening the next succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΑδαδAdadname-item in the succession noticeAdad: a recurrent Edomite royal name in the closing succession notices.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking the death notice to the accession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΣαμααSamaaname-item in the succession noticeSamaa: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἐκfrompreposition marking place of originἐκ: from / out of; here introduces the city or land from which a ruler comes.
ΜασεκκαςMasekkaplace-name governed by ἐκ, marking originMasekka: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
48

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαμαα καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Σαουλ ἐκ Ροωβωθ τῆς παρὰ ποταμόν

And Samaa died, and Saul from Rooboth by the river reigned in his place.

Succession formula continuesκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαμαα
The same annalistic rhythm persists. The cumulative effect is to portray Edom as an ordered polity with serial rulership and recognized centers of power.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandconjunction opening the next succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΣαμααSamaaname-item in the succession noticeSamaa: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking the death notice to the accession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΣαουλSaulname-item in the succession noticeSaul: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἐκfrompreposition marking place of originἐκ: from / out of; here introduces the city or land from which a ruler comes.
ΡοωβωθRoobothplace-name governed by ἐκ, marking originRooboth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
τῆςtheGen Fem Singarticle with dependent genitive nounDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
παρὰbypreposition with ποταμόνπαρά + accusative: by / along; locates Rooboth with reference to the river.
ποταμόνthe riverAcc Masc Singobject of παρὰποταμός: river; part of the geographical qualifier attached to Rooboth.
49

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαουλ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Βαλαεννων υἱὸς Αχοβωρ

And Saul died, and Balaennon son of Achobor reigned in his place.

Succession formula continuesκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαουλ
Yet another succession notice drives the list forward. The formulaic repetition mirrors the Chronicler's broader archival style in this opening chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandconjunction opening the next succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΣαουλSaulname-item in the succession noticeSaul: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking the death notice to the accession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΒαλαεννωνBalaennonname-item in the succession noticeBalaennon: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
υἱὸςsonNom Masc Singappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks paternal descent in the royal or genealogical notices.
ΑχοβωρAchoborgenitive dependent on υἱὸς, naming the fatherAchobor: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
50

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Βαλαεννων υἱὸς Αχοβωρ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Αδαδ υἱὸς Βαραδ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει αὐτοῦ Φογωρ

And Balaennon son of Achobor died, and Adad son of Barad reigned in his place; and the name of his city was Phogor.

Final king before the chief-list transitionκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Βαλαεννων
The last royal succession in the chapter prepares for the closing shift from kings to chiefs. The recurrence of the Hadad name underlines how names and titles can recur within the Edomite dossier without implying a single individual.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandconjunction opening the final royal succession noticeκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΒαλαεννωνBalaennonsubject of the death noticeBalaennon: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
υἱὸςsonNom Masc Singappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks paternal descent in the royal or genealogical notices.
ΑχοβωρAchoborgenitive dependent on υἱὸς, naming Balaennon's fatherAchobor: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction linking death to accessionκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of succession notice→ ingressive aorist (came to reign)βασιλεύω: reign as king; in the succession formula it marks accession to royal power.
ἀντ'in place ofpreposition in succession formulaἀντί + genitive: in place of / instead of; formulaically marks the replacement of one ruler by another.
αὐτοῦhimGen Masc Singgenitive object of ἀντί in the succession formulaαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΑδαδAdadnew royal subject in the accession noticeAdad: a recurrent Edomite royal name in the closing succession notices.
υἱὸςsonNom Masc Singappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks paternal descent in the royal or genealogical notices.
ΒαραδBaradgenitive dependent on υἱὸς, naming Adad's fatherBarad: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction introducing the city-naming formulaκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὄνομαthe nameNom Neut Singsubject noun in the city-naming formulaὄνομα: name; in the stock notice about a ruler's city it introduces the attached place-name.
τῇtheDat Fem Singarticle with πόλειDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πόλειcityDat Fem Singdative complement in naming formulaπόλις: city; the dative follows ὄνομα in the stock formula naming a ruler's city.
αὐτοῦhisGen Masc Singpossessive genitive with πόλειαὐτός: third-person pronoun; in these notices it regularly marks possession of a city or relation in the succession formula.
ΦογωρPhogorpredicate city-name completing the formulaPhogor: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
51

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Αδαδ καὶ ἦσαν ἡγεμόνες Εδωμ ἡγεμὼν Θαμανα ἡγεμὼν Γωλα ἡγεμὼν Ιεθετ

And Adad died, and there were chiefs of Edom: chief Thamana, chief Gola, chief Jetheth,

Transition from kings to chiefsκαὶ ἀπέθανεν Αδαδ
With the death of the last named king the chapter changes register again: ἦσαν ἡγεμόνες Εδωμ. Kingship yields to a territorial list of chiefs, broadening the political map from dynastic succession to clan leadership.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandconjunction opening the transition from kings to chiefsκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedAor Act Indic 3 Singmain verb of royal death notice→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; formulaic opening of the Edomite succession notices.
ΑδαδAdadsubject of the final death notice in the royal sequenceAdad: a recurrent Edomite royal name in the closing succession notices.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction introducing the chief-listκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦσανthere wereImperf Act Indic 3 Plurmain verb introducing the list of chiefs→ imperfect of list-existenceεἰμί: be; here existential, opening the final register of Edomite chiefs.
ἡγεμόνεςchiefsNom Masc Plurpredicate nominative introducing the chief-listἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader / ruler; renders the political-administrative leadership structure of Edom at the chapter's close.
ΕδωμEdomgenitive dependent on ἡγεμόνες, identifying the polityEdom: Edom, both kin-nation and political counterpart to Israel in the chapter's close. The register now shifts from kingship to clan leadership within Edom.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΘαμαναThamanafirst named chief in the Edomite chief-listThamana: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΓωλαGolasecond named chief in the Edomite chief-listGola: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΙεθετJetheththird named chief in the Edomite chief-listJetheth: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
52

ἡγεμὼν Ελιβαμας ἡγεμὼν Ηλας ἡγεμὼν Φινων

chief Elibamas, chief Helas, chief Phinon,

Continuation of the chiefs of Edomἡγεμὼν Ελιβαμας
The repeated title ἡγεμών structures the close of the chapter. These are not narrative characters but territorial or clan authorities, the administrative texture of Edom.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΕλιβαμαςElibamasname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνElibamas: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΗλαςHelasname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνHelas: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΦινωνPhinonname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνPhinon: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
53

ἡγεμὼν Κενεζ ἡγεμὼν Θαιμαν ἡγεμὼν Μαβσαρ

chief Kenez, chief Teman, chief Mabsar,

Continuation of the chiefs of Edomἡγεμὼν Κενεζ
The chief-list continues in the same repetitive formula, carrying the chapter toward a cadential close. The style is deliberately catalogic and non-narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΚενεζKenezname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνKenez: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΘαιμανTemanname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνTeman: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΜαβσαρMabsarname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνMabsar: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
54

ἡγεμὼν Μεγεδιηλ ἡγεμὼν Ηραμ οὗτοι ἡγεμόνες Εδωμ

chief Magediel, chief Hiram; these are the chiefs of Edom.

Closing formula: the chiefs of Edom complete the chapterἡγεμὼν Μεγεδιηλ
The final summary οὗτοι ἡγεμόνες Εδωμ closes the whole chapter by naming Edom not simply as kin to Israel but as a fully articulated people with remembered descent, rulers, and territorial leadership. The universal genealogy has narrowed to Israel's immediate neighbor-world.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΜεγεδιηλMagedielname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνMagediel: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
ἡγεμὼνchiefNom Masc Singrepeated title introducing each named chiefἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader; repeated formulaically before each named Edomite leader.
ΗραμHiramname-item governed by the repeated title ἡγεμώνHiram: a transliterated proper name preserved from the Genesis/Chronicles genealogical traditions.
οὗτοιtheseNom Masc Plurdemonstrative subject in the closing summaryοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used either to introduce the Edomite kings or to summarize a completed list.
ἡγεμόνεςchiefsNom Masc Plurpredicate nominative in the closing summaryἡγεμών: chief / clan-leader / ruler; renders the political-administrative leadership structure of Edom at the chapter's close.
ΕδωμEdomgenitive identifying the polity summarized by the chief-listEdom: Edom, both kin-nation and political counterpart to Israel in the chapter's close. The final summary closes the whole chapter with Edom as a fully articulated political neighbor-world.