1
ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ Ρουβην Συμεων Λευι Ιουδα Ισσαχαρ Ζαβουλων
These are the names of the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun,
The chapter briefly gathers all Israel before sharply narrowing its attention to Judah. The formal naming formula gives the tribal whole as the frame within which the Judahite dossier will be read.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; cataphoric here, introducing a formal heading for the list that follows.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ὀνόματαnamesN3M NPN · ὄνομαnominal element within the genealogical noticeὀνόματα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "names".
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeυἱῶν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "sons".
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΡουβηνReubenN NSM · Ρουβηνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerReuben: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣυμεωνSimeonN NSM · Συμεωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSimeon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΛευιLeviN NSM · Λευίproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerLevi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙουδαJudahN NSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharN NSM · Ισσαχαρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerIssachar: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunN NSM · Ζαβουλωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZebulun: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
2
Δαν Ιωσηφ Βενιαμιν Νεφθαλι Γαδ Ασηρ
Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, Asher.
The second verse simply completes the twelve-son register. Its bare nominatives preserve the compressed, ledger-like style inherited from the genealogical source.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΔανDanN NSM · Δανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerDan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙωσηφJosephN NSM · Ιωσηφproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoseph: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN NSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBenjamin: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliN NSM · Νεφθαλιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNaphtali: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΓαδGadN NSM · Γαδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGad: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑσηρAsherN NSM · Ασηρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAsher: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
3
υἱοὶ Ιουδα Ηρ Αυναν Σηλων τρεῖς ἐγεννήθησαν αὐτῷ ἐκ τῆς θυγατρὸς Σαυας τῆς Χαναανίτιδος καὶ ἦν Ηρ ὁ πρωτότοκος Ιουδα πονηρὸς ἐναντίον κυρίου καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν
The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah; these three were born to him by the daughter of Shua the Canaanite. And Er, the firstborn of Judah, was evil before the Lord, and he put him to death.
The chapter turns decisively from Israel at large to Judah. The otherwise list-like register briefly becomes narrative in order to mark Er's wickedness and divine death, showing that genealogy in Chronicles can carry judgment as well as descent.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΗρErN NSM · Ηρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEr: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑυνανOnanN NSM · Αυνανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOnan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣηλωνShelahN NSM · Σηλωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerShelah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominal element within the genealogical noticeτρεῖς: three; cardinal number marking the total of a sibling cluster.
ἐγεννήθησανwere bornVCI API3P · γεννάωpassive birth verb summarizing those born to a named father→ constative aorist passive (birth summary)γεννάω: were born; passive birth notice marking descendants as born to the named father.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: from / out of; marks source, descent, or point of origin in genealogical and settlement notices.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
θυγατρὸςdaughterN3 GSF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal noticeθυγάτηρ: daughter; marks filial relation, often in marriage or maternal notices.
ΣαυαςShuaN GSF · Σαυαςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerShua: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΧαναανίτιδοςCanaanite womanN3D GSF · Χαναανῖτιςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΧαναανίτιδος: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Canaanite woman".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or description→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: was; copular verb identifying state, quality, or existence in a compressed clause.
ΗρErN NSM · Ηρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEr: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornA1B NSM · πρωτότοκοςrank marker identifying the firstbornπρωτότοκος: firstborn; marks rank within a household while not necessarily determining theological election.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πονηρὸςevilA1A NSM · πονηρόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπονηρός: evil / wicked; moral predicate applied to Er in the brief judgment notice.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complementἐναντίον: before / in the presence of; here marks Er's standing under divine evaluation.
κυρίουthe LordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeκύριος: Lord; here the covenantal divine name as the judge of Judah's line.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέκτεινενput to deathVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποmain verb of divine judgment notice→ constative aorist (judgment notice)ἀποκτείνω: put to death; divine judgment verb in the brief notice about Er.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτόν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "him".
4
καὶ Θαμαρ ἡ νύμφη αὐτοῦ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Φαρες καὶ τὸν Ζαρα πάντες υἱοὶ Ιουδα πέντε
And Tamar his daughter-in-law bore him Perez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five.
Tamar's notice is indispensable: Judah's counted line depends on an irregular but line-preserving birth. The closing total gathers the disrupted family into a stable genealogical count.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΘαμαρTamarN NSF · Θαμαρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerTamar: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical noticeἡ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "the".
νύμφηdaughter-in-lawN1 NSF · νύμφηnominal element within the genealogical noticeνύμφη: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "daughter-in-law".
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωmain verb of maternal birth notice→ constative aorist (maternal birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; the standard verb for a maternal birth notice within the genealogy.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΦαρεςPerezN ASM · Φαρεςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerPerez: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΖαραZerahN ASM · Ζαραproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZerah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπᾶς: all; gathers the listed names into a completed total.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerπέντε: five; cardinal number marking the total of a sibling or town cluster.
5
υἱοὶ Φαρες Αρσων καὶ Ιεμουηλ
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Jemuel.
The Perez branch is strategically important because the Davidic trunk will proceed through it. The verse is terse, functioning as a simple hinge into Judah's more decisive subline.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΦαρεςPerezN GSM · Φαρεςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerPerez: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑρσωνHezronN NSM · Αρσωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙεμουηλJemuelN NSM · Ιεμουηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJemuel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
6
καὶ υἱοὶ Ζαρα Ζαμβρι καὶ Αιθαν καὶ Αιμαν καὶ Χαλχαλ καὶ Δαρα πάντες πέντε
And the sons of Zerah: Zambri, Ethan, Heman, Chalchal, and Dara, five in all.
Zerah's line is acknowledged in full but kept collateral to the main Perez-Hezron movement. The totalizing phrase underscores orderly completeness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΖαραZerahN GSM · Ζαραproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZerah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΖαμβριZambriN NSM · Ζαμβριproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZambri: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑιθανEthanN NSM · Αιθανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEthan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑιμανHemanN NSM · Αιμανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHeman: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΧαλχαλChalchalN NSM · Χαλχαλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerChalchal: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΔαραDaraN NSM · Δαραproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerDara: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπᾶς: all; gathers the listed names into a completed total.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerπέντε: five; cardinal number marking the total of a sibling or town cluster.
7
καὶ υἱοὶ Χαρμι Αχαρ ὁ ἐμποδοστάτης Ισραηλ ὃς ἠθέτησεν εἰς τὸ ἀνάθεμα
And the sons of Carmi: Achar, the troubler of Israel, who transgressed in the matter of the devoted thing.
As in chapter 1 with Nimrod, the genealogy pauses to characterize a figure rather than merely naming him. Achar is remembered through covenant violation, not through clan expansion.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΧαρμιCarmiN GSM · Χαρμιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCarmi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑχαρAcharN NSM · Αχαρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchar: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ἐμποδοστάτηςtroublerN1M NSM · ἐμποδοστάτηςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἐμποδοστάτης: troubler / one who brought disaster; title-like description attached to Achar.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerIsrael: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical noticeὅς: relative pronoun; identifies a named figure by means of a brief explanatory clause.
ἠθέτησενtransgressedVAI AAI3S · ἀθετέωmain verb of covenant-violation aside→ constative aorist (violation notice)ἀθετέω: transgress / violate; marks covenantal breach in the Achar notice.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: into / unto / in regard to; marks direction or reference in compressed genealogical clauses.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ἀνάθεμαthe devoted thingN3M ASN · ἀνάθεμαnominal element within the genealogical noticeἀνάθεμα: devoted thing / ban; the sacred object or sphere that Achar violated.
8
καὶ υἱοὶ Αιθαν Αζαρια
And the sons of Ethan: Azariah.
The line narrows to a single descendant, preserving the memory of Ethan's branch without developing it further. The brevity helps keep the chapter's real weight on Hezron and David.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΑιθανEthanN GSM · Αιθανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEthan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑζαριαAzariahN NSM · Αζαριαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAzariah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
9
καὶ υἱοὶ Εσερων οἳ ἐτέχθησαν αὐτῷ ὁ Ιραμεηλ καὶ ὁ Ραμ καὶ ὁ Χαλεβ καὶ Αραμ
And the sons of Hezron who were born to him were Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Caleb, and Aram.
Hezron becomes the major organizing ancestor for the chapter. From him the register will spread both toward David through Ram and across Judah's clan-world through Jerahmeel and Caleb.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΕσερωνHezronN GSM · Εσερωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical noticeὅς: relative pronoun; introduces a qualifying clause within the genealogical register.
ἐτέχθησανwere bornVQI API3P · τίκτωpassive birth verb summarizing those born in a named place→ constative aorist passive (birth summary)τίκτω: were born; passive birth notice used in the royal register.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙραμεηλJerahmeelN NSM · Ιραμεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerahmeel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΡαμRamN NSM · Ραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRam: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΧαλεβCalebN NSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑραμAramN NSM · Αραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAram: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
10
καὶ Αραμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αμιναδαβ καὶ Αμιναδαβ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ναασσων ἄρχοντα τοῦ οἴκου Ιουδα
And Aram begot Amminadab, and Amminadab begot Nahshon, leader of the house of Judah.
The genealogical line now accelerates toward the later royal horizon. Nahshon's identification as ruler of the house of Judah gives the register an overtly political coloration.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑραμAramN NSM · Αραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAram: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑμιναδαβAbinadabN ASM · Αμιναδαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbinadab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑμιναδαβAbinadabN NSM · Αμιναδαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbinadab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΝαασσωνNahshonN ASM · Ναασσωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNahshon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἄρχονταleaderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνnominal element within the genealogical noticeἄρχοντα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "leader".
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοἶκος: house; denotes a clan-house or dynastic house.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJudah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
11
καὶ Ναασσων ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλμων καὶ Σαλμων ἐγέννησεν τὸν Βοος
And Nahshon begot Salmon, and Salmon begot Boaz.
The repeated begetting formula gives the line a measured inevitability. The genealogy is not lingering over collateral detail here but driving toward its dynastic goal.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΝαασσωνNahshonN NSM · Ναασσωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNahshon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣαλμωνSalmonN ASM · Σαλμωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSalmon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣαλμωνSalmonN NSM · Σαλμωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSalmon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΒοοςBoazN ASM · Βοοςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBoaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
12
καὶ Βοος ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ωβηδ καὶ Ωβηδ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ιεσσαι
And Boaz begot Obed, and Obed begot Jesse.
With Jesse in view, the chapter reaches the immediate threshold of David. The cadence remains compressed, as though the reader is being hurried to the book's true royal center.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΒοοςBoazN NSM · Βοοςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBoaz: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΩβηδObedN ASM · Ωβηδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerObed: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΩβηδObedN NSM · Ωβηδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerObed: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙεσσαιJesseN ASM · Ιεσσαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJesse: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
13
καὶ Ιεσσαι ἐγέννησεν τὸν πρωτότοκον αὐτοῦ Ελιαβ Αμιναδαβ ὁ δεύτερος Σαμαα ὁ τρίτος
And Jesse begot his firstborn Eliab, Abinadab the second, Shammaa the third,
The register shifts from straight succession to an ordered fraternal list. Ordinal markers now matter because David will be placed not as eldest but within a carefully ranked household.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙεσσαιJesseN NSM · Ιεσσαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJesse: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πρωτότοκονprototokonA1B ASM · πρωτότοκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπρωτότοκον: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "prototokon".
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
ΕλιαβEliabN ASM · Ελιαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEliab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑμιναδαβAbinadabN NSM · Αμιναδαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbinadab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
δεύτεροςsecondA1A NSM · δεύτεροςordinal label in a sibling sequenceδεύτερος: second; ordinal label in a numbered sibling or succession list.
ΣαμααShammaaN NSM · Σαμααproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerShammaa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
τρίτοςthirdA1 NSM · τρίτοςordinal label in a sibling sequenceτρίτος: third; ordinal label in a numbered sibling or succession list.
14
Ναθαναηλ ὁ τέταρτος Ραδδαι ὁ πέμπτος
Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
The verse simply extends the numbered sibling list. Its clipped form keeps attention on the cumulative ordering rather than on any individual biography.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΝαθαναηλNethanelN NSM · Ναθαναηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNethanel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
τέταρτοςfourthA1 NSM · τέταρτοςordinal label in a sibling sequenceτέταρτος: fourth; ordinal label in a numbered sibling or succession list.
ΡαδδαιRaddaiN NSM · Ραδδαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRaddai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πέμπτοςfifthA1 NSM · πέμπτοςordinal label in a sibling sequenceπέμπτος: fifth; ordinal label in a numbered sibling or succession list.
15
Ασομ ὁ ἕκτος Δαυιδ ὁ ἕβδομος
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh.
David appears only after the full run of older brothers has been named. That placement quietly reinforces the Chronicler's theology of divine choice operating apart from primogeniture.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΑσομOzemN NSM · Ασομproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOzem: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ἕκτοςsixthA1 NSM · ἕκτοςordinal label in a sibling sequenceἕκτος: sixth; ordinal label in a numbered sibling or succession list.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerDavid: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ἕβδομοςseventhA1 NSM · ἕβδομοςordinal label in a sibling sequenceἕβδομος: seventh; ordinal label in a numbered sibling or succession list.
16
καὶ ἀδελφὴ αὐτῶν Σαρουια καὶ Αβιγαια καὶ υἱοὶ Σαρουια Αβεσσα καὶ Ιωαβ καὶ Ασαηλ τρεῖς
And their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah: Abessa, Joab, and Asahel, three.
The genealogy broadens sideways from Jesse's sons to the women and nephews who will matter in the Samuel-Kings narrative world. Judah's dynastic story is shown to rest inside a wider family network.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀδελφὴsisterN1 NSF · ἀδελφήnominal element within the genealogical noticeἀδελφὴ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "sister".
αὐτῶνautnRD GPM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῶν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "autn".
ΣαρουιαZeruiahN NSF · Σαρουιαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZeruiah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑβιγαιαAbigailN NSF · Αβιγαιαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbigail: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΣαρουιαZeruiahN GSF · Σαρουιαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZeruiah: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑβεσσαAbessaN NSM · Αβεσσαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbessa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑσαηλAsahelN NSM · Ασαηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAsahel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominal element within the genealogical noticeτρεῖς: three; cardinal number marking the total of a sibling cluster.
17
καὶ Αβιγαια ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αμεσσα καὶ πατὴρ Αμεσσα Ιοθορ ὁ Ισμαηλίτης
And Abigail bore Amasa, and the father of Amasa was Jothor the Ishmaelite.
The verse preserves a specific filial notice that ties Judah's kin-world to an outsider designation. Even brief notices like this show Chronicles remembering political and ethnic texture within the family.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑβιγαιαAbigailN NSF · Αβιγαιαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbigail: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑμεσσαAmasaN ASM · Αμεσσαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAmasa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρfather-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΑμεσσαAmasaN GSM · Αμεσσαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAmasa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙοθορJothorN NSM · Ιοθορproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJothor: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙσμαηλίτηςIshmaeliteN1M NSM · Ισμαηλίτηςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΙσμαηλίτης: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Ishmaelite".
18
καὶ Χαλεβ υἱὸς Εσερων ἐγέννησεν τὴν Γαζουβα γυναῖκα καὶ τὴν Ιεριωθ καὶ οὗτοι υἱοὶ αὐτῆς Ιωασαρ καὶ Σωβαβ καὶ Ορνα
And Caleb son of Hezron begot Gazouba as wife, and Jerioth; and these were her sons: Joasar, and Sobab, and Orna.
With Caleb the chapter turns from the direct Davidic trunk to Judah's strong collateral houses. The verse is characteristically dense, blending marriage notice and descendant list without modern genealogical neatness.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΧαλεβCalebN NSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks filial relation in apposition or in a compressed succession formula.
ΕσερωνHezronN GSM · Εσερωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΓαζουβαGazoubaN ASF · Γαζουβαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGazouba: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήwife-term in a household noticeγυνή: woman / wife; denotes the wife in a household or descent notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙεριωθJeriothN ASF · Ιεριωθproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerioth: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used to gather a list, relaunch a subsection, or mark a formal heading within the genealogy.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῆς: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "her".
ΙωασαρJoasarN NSM · Ιωασαρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoasar: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣωβαβSobabN NSM · Σωβαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSobab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΟρναOrnaN NSM · Ορναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOrna: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
19
καὶ ἀπέθανεν Γαζουβα καὶ ἔλαβεν ἑαυτῷ Χαλεβ τὴν Εφραθ καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Ωρ
And Gazouba died, and Caleb took Ephrath for himself, and she bore him Hur.
The death-and-remarriage sequence shows how genealogical continuity is maintained through changing household arrangements. Hur, the son named here, will anchor another significant Judahite branch.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποmain verb marking the end of a person or branch→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; marks the termination of a branch or the change of household circumstances.
ΓαζουβαGazoubaN NSF · Γαζουβαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGazouba: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔλαβενtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωmain verb of marriage or territorial taking notice→ constative aorist (taking notice)λαμβάνω: take; used for marriage, seizure, or territorial taking depending on the context.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦnominal element within the genealogical noticeἑαυτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "for himself".
ΧαλεβCalebN NSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΕφραθEphrathN ASF · Εφραθproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEphrath: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωmain verb of maternal birth notice→ constative aorist (maternal birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; the standard verb for a maternal birth notice within the genealogy.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΩρHurN ASM · Ωρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHur: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
20
καὶ Ωρ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ουρι καὶ Ουρι ἐγέννησεν τὸν Βεσελεηλ
And Hur begot Uri, and Uri begot Bezalel.
The line is pushed forward just far enough to name Bezalel, a figure resonant with Israel's sanctuary memory. Even within Judah's genealogies, craftsmanship and cultic significance can surface.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΩρHurN NSM · Ωρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHur: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΟυριUriN ASM · Ουριproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerUri: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΟυριUriN NSM · Ουριproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerUri: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΒεσελεηλBezalelN ASM · Βεσελεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBezalel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
21
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσῆλθεν Εσερων πρὸς τὴν θυγατέρα Μαχιρ πατρὸς Γαλααδ καὶ οὗτος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν καὶ αὐτὸς ἑξήκοντα ἦν ἐτῶν καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Σεγουβ
And after this Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir father of Gilead; he took her when he was sixty years old, and she bore him Segub.
The verse is unusual for its age notice and for its cross-tribal linkage with Machir and Gilead. Judah's genealogy is thus shown touching the Transjordanian world as well as its own tribal interior.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: after; temporal marker introducing a new stage in the genealogical sequence.
ταῦταtheseRD APN · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; cataphoric here, introducing a formal heading for the list that follows.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aorist (marital approach notice)εἰσέρχομαι: go in; euphemistic marital or sexual approach in the household notice.
ΕσερωνHezronN NSM · Εσερωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: to / toward; here in marital or sexual approach language within a family notice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal noticeθυγάτηρ: daughter; marks filial relation, often in marriage or maternal notices.
ΜαχιρMachirN GSM · Μαχιρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMachir: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive father-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΓαλααδGileadN GSM · Γαλαάδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGilead: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; anaphoric or resumptive, picking up the named figure just mentioned.
ἔλαβενtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωmain verb of marriage or territorial taking notice→ constative aorist (taking notice)λαμβάνω: take; used for marriage, seizure, or territorial taking depending on the context.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτήν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "her".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτὸς: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "he".
ἑξήκονταsixtyM · ἑξήκονταproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerἑξήκοντα: sixty; numerical note attached to age or settlement totals.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or description→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: was; copular verb identifying state, quality, or existence in a compressed clause.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἔτος: years; genitive of measure in an age statement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωmain verb of maternal birth notice→ constative aorist (maternal birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; the standard verb for a maternal birth notice within the genealogy.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣεγουβSegubN ASM · Σεγουβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSegub: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
22
καὶ Σεγουβ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ιαϊρ καὶ ἦσαν αὐτῷ εἴκοσι τρεῖς πόλεις ἐν τῇ Γαλααδ
And Segub begot Jair, and he had twenty-three cities in Gilead.
The line momentarily shifts from descent to possession. Cities, not merely sons, become the marker of remembered significance.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣεγουβSegubN NSM · Σεγουβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSegub: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙαϊρJairN ASM · Ιαϊρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJair: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerεἴκοσι: twenty; part of a numerical note about territorial possession.
τρεῖςthreeA3 NPM · τρεῖςnominal element within the genealogical noticeτρεῖς: three; cardinal number marking the total of a sibling cluster.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπόλις: cities; territorial units attached to a named ancestor or branch.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: in; locates birth, reign, or settlement within a named place.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΓαλααδGileadN DSF · Γαλαάδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGilead: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
23
καὶ ἔλαβεν Γεδσουρ καὶ Αραμ τὰς κώμας Ιαϊρ ἐξ αὐτῶν τὴν Καναθ καὶ τὰς κώμας αὐτῆς ἑξήκοντα πόλεις πᾶσαι αὗται υἱῶν Μαχιρ πατρὸς Γαλααδ
And Gedsour and Aram took the villages of Jair from them, along with Kanath and its villages, sixty cities. All these belonged to the sons of Machir father of Gilead.
This is genealogical material shading into political geography. The note preserves memory of contested settlement and closes by reassigning the whole complex to Machir's house.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔλαβενtookVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωmain verb of marriage or territorial taking notice→ constative aorist (taking notice)λαμβάνω: take; used for marriage, seizure, or territorial taking depending on the context.
ΓεδσουρGedsourN ASF · Γεδσουρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGedsour: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑραμAramN ASF · Αραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAram: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
κώμαςvillagesN1 APF · κώμηnominal element within the genealogical noticeκώμη: villages; dependent settlements associated with a named city or district.
ΙαϊρJairN GSM · Ιαϊρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJair: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: from / out of; marks source, descent, or point of origin in genealogical and settlement notices.
αὐτῶνautnRD GPM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῶν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "autn".
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΚαναθKanathN ASF · Καναθproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerKanath: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
κώμαςvillagesN1 APF · κώμηnominal element within the genealogical noticeκώμη: villages; dependent settlements associated with a named city or district.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῆς: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "her".
ἑξήκονταsixtyM · ἑξήκονταproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerἑξήκοντα: sixty; numerical note attached to age or settlement totals.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπόλις: cities; territorial units attached to a named ancestor or branch.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπᾶς: all; feminine plural form summing up the towns or groups just named.
αὗταιtheseRD NPF · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; feminine plural form introducing or summarizing a grouped notice.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeυἱῶν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "sons".
ΜαχιρMachirN GSM · Μαχιρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMachir: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive father-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΓαλααδGileadN GSM · Γαλαάδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGilead: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
24
καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν Εσερων ἦλθεν Χαλεβ εἰς Εφραθα καὶ ἡ γυνὴ Εσερων Αβια καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Ασχωδ πατέρα Θεκωε
And after Hezron died, Caleb came to Ephratha, and the wife of Hezron, Abia, bore him Ashhod, father of Tekoa.
The verse is syntactically compressed and textually awkward, but its function is clear enough: after Hezron's death the genealogy keeps tracing Judahite settlement-fathers. Tekoa enters the map through that compact notice.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: after; temporal marker introducing a new stage in the genealogical sequence.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element within the genealogical noticeἀποθανεῖν: verbal form in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to die".
ΕσερωνHezronN ASM · Εσερωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verb of transition after a death notice→ constative aorist (transition notice)ἔρχομαι: come; introduces a fresh movement or transition within the compressed narrative.
ΧαλεβCalebN NSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: into / unto / in regard to; marks direction or reference in compressed genealogical clauses.
ΕφραθαEphrathaN ASM · Εφραθαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEphratha: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical noticeἡ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "the".
γυνὴwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element within the genealogical noticeγυνὴ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "wife".
ΕσερωνHezronN GSM · Εσερωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑβιαAbiaN NSF · Αβιαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbia: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωmain verb of maternal birth notice→ constative aorist (maternal birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; the standard verb for a maternal birth notice within the genealogy.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑσχωδAshhodN ASM · Ασχωδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAshhod: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατέραpateraN3 ASM · πατήρnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατέρα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "patera".
ΘεκωεTekoaN GSM · Θεκωεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerTekoa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
25
καὶ ἦσαν υἱοὶ Ιερεμεηλ πρωτοτόκου Εσερων ὁ πρωτότοκος Ραμ καὶ Βαανα καὶ Αραν καὶ Ασομ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ
And the sons of Jerahmeel, the firstborn of Hezron, were Ram the firstborn, and Baana, and Aran, and Asom his brother.
The chapter now gives sustained attention to Jerahmeel, Hezron's firstborn, broadening Judah's internal structure beyond the Davidic trunk. Birth order matters here, but not because it determines the book's final theological center.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙερεμεηλJerahmeelN GSM · Ιερεμεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerahmeel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρωτοτόκουprototokoyA1B GSM · πρωτότοκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπρωτοτόκου: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "prototokoy".
ΕσερωνHezronN GSM · Εσερωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHezron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornA1B NSM · πρωτότοκοςrank marker identifying the firstbornπρωτότοκος: firstborn; marks rank within a household while not necessarily determining theological election.
ΡαμRamN NSM · Ραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRam: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΒααναBaanaN NSM · Βααναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBaana: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑρανAranN NSM · Αρανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAran: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑσομOzemN NSM · Ασομproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOzem: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἀδελφὸςbrotherN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἀδελφὸς: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "brother".
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
26
καὶ ἦν γυνὴ ἑτέρα τῷ Ιερεμεηλ καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῇ Αταρα αὕτη ἐστὶν μήτηρ Οζομ
And Jerahmeel had another wife, and her name was Atara; she is the mother of Ozom.
Chronicles regularly treats marriage notices as structurally significant because they explain the emergence of sub-branches. Atara's naming makes her a remembered hinge within the clan.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or description→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: was; copular verb identifying state, quality, or existence in a compressed clause.
γυνὴwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element within the genealogical noticeγυνὴ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "wife".
ἑτέραanotherA1A APN · ἕτεροςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἑτέρα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "another".
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙερεμεηλJerahmeelN DSM · Ιερεμεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerahmeel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formulaὄνομα: name; introduces a naming formula for a person, place, or wife within the register.
αὐτῇautRD DSF · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῇ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "aut".
ΑταραAtaraN NSF · Αταραproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAtara: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
αὕτηateRD NSF · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὕτη: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "ate".
ἐστὶνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίcopular verb in explanatory identification→ present of identificationεἰμί: is; present tense of identification within a naming formula.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρmother-term anchoring a branch of descentμήτηρ: mother; marks the maternal figure who anchors a branch of descent.
ΟζομOzomN GSM · Οζομproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOzom: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
27
καὶ ἦσαν υἱοὶ Ραμ πρωτοτόκου Ιερεμεηλ Μαας καὶ Ιαμιν καὶ Ακορ
And the sons of Ram, firstborn of Jerahmeel, were Maas, and Jamin, and Akor.
The register proceeds in orderly filial descent from Jerahmeel into his sons' own houses. The verse is purely list-like, but it helps thicken Judah's clan topography.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΡαμRamN GSM · Ραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRam: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρωτοτόκουprototokoyA1B GSM · πρωτότοκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπρωτοτόκου: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "prototokoy".
ΙερεμεηλJerahmeelN GSM · Ιερεμεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerahmeel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΜααςMaasN NSM · Μααςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMaas: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙαμινJaminN NSM · Ιαμινproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJamin: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑκορAkorN NSM · Ακορproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAkor: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
28
καὶ ἦσαν υἱοὶ Οζομ Σαμαι καὶ Ιαδαε καὶ υἱοὶ Σαμαι Ναδαβ καὶ Αβισουρ
And the sons of Ozom were Samai and Jadae; and the sons of Samai: Nadab and Abisour.
The genealogy telescopes quickly from one generation to the next, moving from Ozom to Samai to Samai's sons in a single breath. That compression is typical of the chapter's dossier style.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΟζομOzomN GSM · Οζομproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOzom: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣαμαιSamaiN NSM · Σαμαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSamai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙαδαεJadaeN NSM · Ιαδαεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJadae: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΣαμαιSamaiN GSM · Σαμαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSamai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΝαδαβNadabN NSM · Ναδαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNadab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑβισουρAbisourN NSM · Αβισουρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbisour: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
29
καὶ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς Αβισουρ Αβιχαιλ καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Αχαβαρ καὶ τὸν Μωλιδ
And the name of the wife of Abisour was Abichail, and she bore him Achabar and Molid.
Wives are named where they help define a remembered branch. The maternal notice stabilizes the house and marks the descendants who issue from it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formulaὄνομα: name; introduces a naming formula for a person, place, or wife within the register.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
γυναικὸςwifeN3K GSF · γυνήnominal element within the genealogical noticeγυναικὸς: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "wife".
ΑβισουρAbisourN GSM · Αβισουρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbisour: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑβιχαιλAbichailN NSF · Αβιχαιλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAbichail: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωmain verb of maternal birth notice→ constative aorist (maternal birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; the standard verb for a maternal birth notice within the genealogy.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑχαβαρAchabarN ASM · Αχαβαρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchabar: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΜωλιδMolidN ASM · Μωλιδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMolid: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
30
υἱοὶ Ναδαβ Σαλαδ καὶ Αφφαιμ καὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαλαδ οὐκ ἔχων τέκνα
The sons of Nadab: Salad and Apphaim. And Salad died without children.
The genealogy records not only expansion but extinction. Salad's death without children interrupts one branch and pushes attention toward the surviving line.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΝαδαβNadabN GSM · Ναδαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNadab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣαλαδSaladN NSM · Σαλαδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSalad: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑφφαιμApphaimN NSM · Αφφαιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerApphaim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποmain verb marking the end of a person or branch→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; marks the termination of a branch or the change of household circumstances.
ΣαλαδSaladN NSM · Σαλαδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSalad: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
οὐκnotD · οὐproper name within the genealogical or territorial registernot: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωcircumstantial participle modifying a childless death notice→ circumstantial present participleἔχω: having; participle marking the absence of children in a dead-end branch.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical noticeτέκνα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "children".
31
καὶ υἱοὶ Αφφαιμ Ισεμιηλ καὶ υἱοὶ Ισεμιηλ Σωσαν καὶ υἱοὶ Σωσαν Αχλαι
And the sons of Apphaim: Isemiel. And the sons of Isemiel: Sosan. And the sons of Sosan: Achlai.
The repeated formula narrows the line through a chain of single descendants. Such compression gives the material a preserved-archive feel rather than the shape of a full narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΑφφαιμApphaimN GSM · Αφφαιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerApphaim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙσεμιηλIsemielN NSM · Ισεμιηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerIsemiel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙσεμιηλIsemielN GSM · Ισεμιηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerIsemiel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣωσανSosanN NSM · Σωσανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΣωσανSosanN GSM · Σωσανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑχλαιAchlaiN NSM · Αχλαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchlai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
32
καὶ υἱοὶ Ιαδαε Αχισαμαι Ιεθερ Ιωναθαν καὶ ἀπέθανεν Ιεθερ οὐκ ἔχων τέκνα
And the sons of Jadae: Achisamai, Jether, and Jonathan. And Jether died without children.
Again the genealogy marks both proliferation and termination. Jether's childlessness shows that not every remembered line becomes a durable clan.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙαδαεJadaeN GSM · Ιαδαεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJadae: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑχισαμαιAchisamaiN NSM · Αχισαμαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAchisamai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙεθερJetherN NSM · Ιεθερproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJether: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΙωναθανJonathanN NSM · Ιωναθανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJonathan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἀπέθανενdiedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποmain verb marking the end of a person or branch→ constative aorist (death notice)ἀποθνῄσκω: die; marks the termination of a branch or the change of household circumstances.
ΙεθερJetherN NSM · Ιεθερproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJether: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
οὐκnotD · οὐproper name within the genealogical or territorial registernot: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἔχωνhavingV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωcircumstantial participle modifying a childless death notice→ circumstantial present participleἔχω: having; participle marking the absence of children in a dead-end branch.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical noticeτέκνα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "children".
33
καὶ υἱοὶ Ιωναθαν Φαλεθ καὶ Οζαζα οὗτοι ἦσαν υἱοὶ Ιερεμεηλ
And the sons of Jonathan: Phaleth and Ozaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel.
The closing demonstrative gathers the many scattered notices back under one Jerahmeelite heading. The section has functioned as a map of internal Judahite plurality.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙωναθανJonathanN GSM · Ιωναθανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJonathan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΦαλεθPhalethN NSM · Φαλεθproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerPhaleth: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΟζαζαOzazaN NSM · Οζαζαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerOzaza: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used to gather a list, relaunch a subsection, or mark a formal heading within the genealogy.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙερεμεηλJerahmeelN GSM · Ιερεμεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerahmeel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
34
καὶ οὐκ ἦσαν τῷ Σωσαν υἱοί ἀλλ' ἢ θυγατέρες καὶ τῷ Σωσαν παῖς Αἰγύπτιος καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῷ Ιωχηλ
And Sosan had no sons, only daughters. And Sosan had an Egyptian servant, and his name was Jochel.
The lack of sons creates a potential break in the line, but the narrative immediately prepares a workaround through household incorporation. Even a servant can become the bearer of continuity when the family structure requires it.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
οὐκnotD · οὐproper name within the genealogical or territorial registernot: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣωσανSosanN DSM · Σωσανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
υἱοίyhioiN2 NPM · υἱόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeυἱοί: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "yhioi".
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάparticle or connective within the genealogical noticeἀλλά: but; here contrasting sons with daughters in a household notice.
ἢonlyC · ἤparticle or connective within the genealogical noticeἤ: or / except; here strengthening the restriction to daughters only.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominal element within the genealogical noticeθυγατέρες: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "daughters".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣωσανSosanN DSM · Σωσανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπαῖς: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "servant".
ΑἰγύπτιοςEgyptianN2 NSM · Αἰγύπτιοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑἰγύπτιος: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Egyptian".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formulaὄνομα: name; introduces a naming formula for a person, place, or wife within the register.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
ΙωχηλJochelN NSM · Ιωχηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJochel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
35
καὶ ἔδωκεν Σωσαν τὴν θυγατέρα αὐτοῦ τῷ Ιωχηλ παιδὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ τὸν Εθθι
And Sosan gave his daughter to Jochel his servant as wife, and she bore him Eththi.
This marriage notice is one of the chapter's most socially revealing moments. The genealogical house persists by folding an Egyptian servant into its line through the daughter's marriage.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verb of marriage-giving notice→ constative aorist (marriage-giving notice)δίδωμι: give; used here for giving a daughter in marriage.
ΣωσανSosanN NSM · Σωσανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal noticeθυγάτηρ: daughter; marks filial relation, often in marriage or maternal notices.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙωχηλJochelN DSM · Ιωχηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJochel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
παιδὶservantN3D DSM · παῖςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπαιδὶ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "servant".
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: into / unto / in regard to; marks direction or reference in compressed genealogical clauses.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήwife-term in a household noticeγυνή: woman / wife; denotes the wife in a household or descent notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωmain verb of maternal birth notice→ constative aorist (maternal birth notice)τίκτω: bear / give birth; the standard verb for a maternal birth notice within the genealogy.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτῷ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "to him".
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΕθθιEththiN ASM · Εθθιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEththi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
36
καὶ Εθθι ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ναθαν καὶ Ναθαν ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ζαβεδ
And Eththi begot Nathan, and Nathan begot Zabad.
Once the marriage solution is established, the register returns to its standard begetting rhythm. The line is normalized within the genealogical record.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΕθθιEththiN NSM · Εθθιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEththi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΝαθανNathanN ASM · Ναθανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNathan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΝαθανNathanN NSM · Ναθανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNathan: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΖαβεδZabadN ASM · Ζαβεδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZabad: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
37
καὶ Ζαβεδ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αφαληλ καὶ Αφαληλ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ωβηδ
And Zabad begot Aphalel, and Aphalel begot Obed.
The repeated formula emphasizes continuity rather than individuality. What mattered for the Chronicler was that the line endured and could be named in sequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΖαβεδZabadN NSM · Ζαβεδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZabad: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑφαληλAphalelN ASM · Αφαληλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAphalel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑφαληλAphalelN NSM · Αφαληλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAphalel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΩβηδObedN ASM · Ωβηδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerObed: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
38
καὶ Ωβηδ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ιηου καὶ Ιηου ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αζαριαν
And Obed begot Jehu, and Jehu begot Azarian.
The verse is another compact step in the restored line. The chain keeps moving with almost mechanical regularity.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΩβηδObedN NSM · Ωβηδproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerObed: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙηουJehuN ASM · Ιηουproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJehu: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙηουJehuN NSM · Ιηουproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJehu: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑζαριανAzarianN1T ASM · Αζαριαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑζαριαν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Azarian".
39
καὶ Αζαριας ἐγέννησεν τὸν Χελλης καὶ Χελλης ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ελεασα
And Azarias begot Chelles, and Chelles begot Eleasa.
The same formulaic rhythm persists. Genealogical continuity is conveyed by repetition itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑζαριαςAzariasN1T NSM · Αζαριαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΑζαριας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Azarias".
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΧελληςChellesN ASM · Χελληςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerChelles: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΧελληςChellesN NSM · Χελληςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerChelles: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΕλεασαEleasaN ASM · Ελεασαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEleasa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
40
καὶ Ελεασα ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σοσομαι καὶ Σοσομαι ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλουμ
And Eleasa begot Sosomai, and Sosomai begot Saloum.
The line remains unadorned and purely sequential. The Chronicler preserves it because remembered descent is itself a theological and social asset.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΕλεασαEleasaN NSM · Ελεασαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEleasa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣοσομαιSosomaiN ASM · Σοσομαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosomai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣοσομαιSosomaiN NSM · Σοσομαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSosomai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣαλουμSaloumN ASM · Σαλούμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSaloum: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
41
καὶ Σαλουμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ιεχεμιαν καὶ Ιεχεμιας ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ελισαμα
And Saloum begot Jechemian, and Jechemias begot Elisama.
The chain comes to rest for the moment with Elisama. The effect is archival completion rather than narrative climax.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣαλουμSaloumN NSM · Σαλούμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSaloum: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΙεχεμιανJechemianN1T ASM · Ιεχεμιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΙεχεμιαν: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Jechemian".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙεχεμιαςJechemiasN1T NSM · Ιεχεμιαςnominal element within the genealogical noticeΙεχεμιας: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Jechemias".
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΕλισαμαElisamaN ASM · Ελισαμαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerElisama: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
42
καὶ υἱοὶ Χαλεβ ἀδελφοῦ Ιερεμεηλ Μαρισα ὁ πρωτότοκος αὐτοῦ οὗτος πατὴρ Ζιφ καὶ υἱοὶ Μαρισα πατρὸς Χεβρων
And the sons of Caleb, brother of Jerahmeel: Marisa his firstborn; this one was father of Ziph. And the sons of Marisa, father of Hebron.
The genealogy shifts back from Jerahmeel to Caleb, confirming how the chapter interleaves Judah's major sub-clans. Settlement-father language now becomes especially prominent.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΧαλεβCalebN GSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἀδελφοῦbrotherN2 GSM · ἀδελφόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἀδελφοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "brother".
ΙερεμεηλJerahmeelN GSM · Ιερεμεηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJerahmeel: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΜαρισαMarisaN NSM · Μαρισαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMarisa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornA1B NSM · πρωτότοκοςrank marker identifying the firstbornπρωτότοκος: firstborn; marks rank within a household while not necessarily determining theological election.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
οὗτοςthis oneRD NSM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; anaphoric or resumptive, picking up the named figure just mentioned.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρfather-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΖιφZiphN GSM · Ζιφproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerZiph: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΜαρισαMarisaN GSM · Μαρισαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMarisa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive father-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΧεβρωνHebronN GSM · Χεβρωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHebron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
43
καὶ υἱοὶ Χεβρων Κορε καὶ Θαπους καὶ Ρεκομ καὶ Σεμαα
And the sons of Hebron: Kore, and Thappous, and Rekom, and Samaa.
The verse is a straightforward descendant list under Hebron. Its function is to preserve the branching structure of Caleb's wider house.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΧεβρωνHebronN GSM · Χεβρωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHebron: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΚορεKoreN NSM · Κορεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerKore: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΘαπουςThappousN NSM · Θαπουςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerThappous: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΡεκομRekomN NSM · Ρεκομproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRekom: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣεμααSamaaN NSM · Σεμααproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSamaa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
44
καὶ Σεμαα ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ραεμ πατέρα Ιερκααν καὶ Ιερκααν ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαμαι
And Samaa begot Raem, father of Jercaam; and Jercaan begot Samai.
The line moves from begetting to place-father terminology, reminding the reader that genealogy and local geography are intertwined. Clans are remembered through towns as well as through sons.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣεμααSamaaN NSM · Σεμααproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSamaa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΡαεμRaemN ASM · Ραεμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRaem: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατέραpateraN3 ASM · πατήρnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατέρα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "patera".
ΙερκαανJercaamN GSM · Ιερκαανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJercaam: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙερκαανJercaamN NSM · Ιερκαανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJercaam: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣαμαιSamaiN ASM · Σαμαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSamai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
45
καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Μαων καὶ Μαων πατὴρ Βαιθσουρ
And his son was Maon, and Maon was father of Baithsur.
This short verse gives another place-linking notice. The Chronicler continues to map Judah as a populated territorial world, not only as a biological pedigree.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςappositional filial identifierυἱός: son; marks filial relation in apposition or in a compressed succession formula.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςnominal element within the genealogical noticeαὐτοῦ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "his".
ΜαωνMaonN NSM · Μαωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMaon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΜαωνMaonN NSM · Μαωνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMaon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρfather-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΒαιθσουρBaithsurN GSM · Βαιθσουρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBaithsur: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
46
καὶ Γαιφα ἡ παλλακὴ Χαλεβ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Αρραν καὶ τὸν Μωσα καὶ τὸν Γεζουε καὶ Αρραν ἐγέννησεν τὸν Γεζουε
And Gaipha, Caleb's concubine, bore Arran, and Mosa, and Gezoue; and Arran begot Gezoue.
The house of Caleb is shown in its full domestic complexity, including concubine-born branches. Such notices widen the remembered social world without displacing the main clan headings.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΓαιφαGaiphaN NSF · Γαιφαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGaipha: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical noticeἡ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "the".
παλλακὴconcubineN1 NSF · παλλακήconcubine-term opening a secondary household lineπαλλακή: concubine; identifies a secondary household union within the genealogical dossier.
ΧαλεβCalebN GSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΑρρανArranN ASM · Αρρανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerArran: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΜωσαMosaN ASM · Μωσάproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMosa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΓεζουεGezoueN ASM · Γεζουεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGezoue: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΑρρανArranN NSM · Αρρανproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerArran: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΓεζουεGezoueN ASM · Γεζουεproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGezoue: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
47
καὶ υἱοὶ Ιαδαι Ραγεμ καὶ Ιωαθαμ καὶ Γηρσωμ καὶ Φαλετ καὶ Γαιφα καὶ Σαγαφ
And the sons of Iadai: Ragem, and Joatham, and Gersom, and Phalet, and Gaipha, and Sagaph.
The verse functions as a dense name-cluster with no further development. It enriches the documentary texture of the Calebite register.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΙαδαιIadaiN GSM · Ιαδαιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerIadai: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΡαγεμRagemN NSM · Ραγεμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRagem: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΙωαθαμJoathamN NSM · Ιωαθαμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoatham: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΓηρσωμGersomN NSM · Γηρσωμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGersom: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΦαλετPhaletN NSM · Φαλετproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerPhalet: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΓαιφαGaiphaN NSM · Γαιφαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGaipha: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΣαγαφSagaphN NSM · Σαγαφproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSagaph: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
48
καὶ ἡ παλλακὴ Χαλεβ Μωχα ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαβερ καὶ τὸν Θαρχνα
And the concubine of Caleb, Mocha, bore Saber and Tharchna.
A second concubine notice reinforces how broadly the Chronicler remembers Caleb's descendants. Household structure, not only primacy, shapes the genealogy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical noticeἡ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "the".
παλλακὴconcubineN1 NSF · παλλακήconcubine-term opening a secondary household lineπαλλακή: concubine; identifies a secondary household union within the genealogical dossier.
ΧαλεβCalebN GSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΜωχαMochaN NSF · Μωχαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMocha: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣαβερSaberN ASM · Σαβερproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSaber: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΘαρχναTharchnaN ASM · Θαρχναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerTharchna: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
49
καὶ ἐγέννησεν Σαγαφ πατέρα Μαρμηνα καὶ τὸν Σαου πατέρα Μαχαβηνα καὶ πατέρα Γαιβαα καὶ θυγάτηρ Χαλεβ Ασχα
And Sagaph begot the father of Marmena, and Sau the father of Machabena and the father of Gaibaa. And the daughter of Caleb was Ascha.
The line is now heavily place-oriented, speaking of fathers of settlements rather than merely fathers of sons. The final naming of Caleb's daughter keeps one more remembered figure within the clan frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἐγέννησενbegotVAI AAI3S · γεννάωmain verb of genealogical begetting notice→ constative aorist (genealogical begetting notice)γεννάω: beget; the standard verb that turns a list into an explicit descent statement.
ΣαγαφSagaphN ASM · Σαγαφproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSagaph: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατέραpateraN3 ASM · πατήρnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατέρα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "patera".
ΜαρμηναMarmenaN GSM · Μαρμηναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMarmena: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣαουSauN ASM · Σαουproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSau: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατέραpateraN3 ASM · πατήρnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατέρα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "patera".
ΜαχαβηναMachabenaN GSM · Μαχαβηναproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMachabena: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
πατέραpateraN3 ASM · πατήρnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατέρα: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "patera".
ΓαιβααGaibaaN GSM · Γαιβααproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerGaibaa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a filial noticeθυγάτηρ: daughter; marks filial relation, often in marriage or maternal notices.
ΧαλεβCalebN GSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑσχαAschaN NSF · Ασχαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAscha: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
50
οὗτοι ἦσαν υἱοὶ Χαλεβ υἱοὶ Ωρ πρωτοτόκου Εφραθα Σωβαλ πατὴρ Καριαθιαριμ
These were the sons of Caleb. The sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratha: Sobal, father of Kariathiarim,
The demonstrative relaunches the material with a new Calebite-Hur focus. From here the chapter increasingly reads like a settlement register tied to notable Judahite towns.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used to gather a list, relaunch a subsection, or mark a formal heading within the genealogy.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΧαλεβCalebN GSM · Χαλεβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerCaleb: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΩρHurN GSM · Ωρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHur: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πρωτοτόκουprototokoyA1B GSM · πρωτότοκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπρωτοτόκου: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "prototokoy".
ΕφραθαEphrathaN GSM · Εφραθαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEphratha: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣωβαλSobalN NSM · Σωβαλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSobal: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρfather-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΚαριαθιαριμKariathiarimN GPM · Καριαθιαριμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerKariathiarim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
51
Σαλωμων πατὴρ Βαιθλαεμ Αριμ πατὴρ Βαιθγεδωρ
Salomon, father of Bethlehem; Arim, father of Baithgedor.
Bethlehem enters the genealogy here through a father-of notice, an important reminder that place memory is one of the chapter's deepest concerns. The same pattern is extended to Beth-gedor.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN NSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSolomon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρfather-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΒαιθλαεμBethlehemN GSM · Βαιθλαεμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBethlehem: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑριμArimN NSM · Αριμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerArim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρfather-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
ΒαιθγεδωρBaithgedorN GSM · Βαιθγεδωρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBaithgedor: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
52
καὶ ἦσαν υἱοὶ τῷ Σωβαλ πατρὶ Καριαθιαριμ Αραα Εσι Αμμανιθ
And Sobal, father of Kariathiarim, had sons: Araa, Esi, and Ammanith.
The syntax is compressed, but the function is clear: Kariath-jearim is given its internal descendants. The town is treated as a genealogically intelligible social unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίcopular verb in genealogical identification or summary→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: were; copular verb in a summarizing or identifying genealogical statement.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣωβαλSobalN DSM · Σωβαλproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSobal: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατρὶpatriN3 DSM · πατήρnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατρὶ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "patri".
ΚαριαθιαριμKariathiarimN GPM · Καριαθιαριμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerKariathiarim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑρααAraaN NSM · Αρααproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAraa: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΕσιEsiN NSM · Εσιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEsi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑμμανιθAmmanithN NSM · Αμμανιθproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAmmanith: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
53
Εμοσφεως πόλις Ιαϊρ Αιθαλιμ καὶ Μιφιθιμ καὶ Ησαμαθιμ καὶ Ημασαραϊμ ἐκ τούτων ἐξήλθοσαν οἱ Σαραθαῖοι καὶ οἱ Εσθαωλαῖοι
The city of Jair: Aithalim, and Miphithim, and Hesamathim, and Himasaraim; from these came the Sarathites and the Esthaolites.
This verse is one of the chapter's rougher textual stretches, but it plainly continues the settlement-clan catalogue around Kariath-jearim. The closing ethnic-style plurals show descent turning into local group identity.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ΕμοσφεωςEmosphaiosN NSM · Εμοσφεωςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerEmosphaios: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominal element within the genealogical noticeπόλις: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "city".
ΙαϊρJairN GSM · Ιαϊρproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJair: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑιθαλιμAithalimN GPM · Αιθαλιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAithalim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΜιφιθιμMiphithimN GPM · Μιφιθιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMiphithim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΗσαμαθιμHesamathimN GPM · Ησαμαθιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHesamathim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ΗμασαραϊμHimasaraimN GPM · Ημασαραϊμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHimasaraim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: from / out of; marks source, descent, or point of origin in genealogical and settlement notices.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeτούτων: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "these".
ἐξήλθοσανcame outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb marking the emergence of later groups from earlier settlements→ constative aorist (emergence notice)ἐξέρχομαι: came out; aorist describing the emergence of later groups from earlier settlement clusters.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΣαραθαῖοιSarathitesN2 NPM · Σαραθαῖοιnominal element within the genealogical noticeΣαραθαῖοι: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Sarathites".
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΕσθαωλαῖοιEsthaolitesN2 NPM · Εσθαωλαῖοιnominal element within the genealogical noticeΕσθαωλαῖοι: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Esthaolites".
54
υἱοὶ Σαλωμων Βαιθλαεμ Νετωφαθι Αταρωθ οἴκου Ιωαβ καὶ ἥμισυ τῆς Μαναθι Ησαρεϊ
The sons of Salomon: Bethlehem, Netophathi, Ataroth of the house of Joab, and half of Manathi, Hasaerei.
The material remains half genealogical and half territorial. Judah's remembered life is distributed across places, houses, and partial clan-divisions.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun introducing descendants under a named ancestorυἱός: sons; the standard genealogical heading noun introducing descendants under a named ancestor.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSolomon: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΒαιθλαεμBethlehemN NSM · Βαιθλαεμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerBethlehem: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΝετωφαθιNetophathiN NSM · Νετωφαθιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerNetophathi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΑταρωθAtarothN NSM · Αταρωθproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerAtaroth: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοἶκος: house; denotes a clan-house or dynastic house.
ΙωαβJoabN GSM · Ιωαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJoab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction joining sibling names or clausesκαί: simple coordinator; in genealogical registers the repeated καί preserves the additive, ledger-like rhythm of the source.
ἥμισυhalfA3U ASN · ἥμισυςnominal element within the genealogical noticeἥμισυ: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "half".
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΜαναθιManathiN GSF · Μαναθιproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerManathi: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΗσαρεϊHasaereiN NSM · Ησαρεϊproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerHasaerei: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
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πατριαὶ γραμματέων κατοικοῦντες Ιαβες Θαργαθιιμ Σαμαθιιμ Σωκαθιιμ οὗτοι οἱ Κιναῖοι οἱ ἐλθόντες ἐκ Μεσημα πατρὸς οἴκου Ρηχαβ
The families of the scribes dwelling at Jabez: Thargathiim, Samathiim, Socathiim. These are the Kenites who came from Mesema, father of the house of Rechab.
The chapter closes strikingly with professional and extra-Israelite associations: scribes, Kenites, and the house of Rechab. Judah's social world is thus broader than a narrow bloodline; it includes learned and attached groups living within its orbit.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πατριαὶfamiliesN1A NPF · πατριάnominal element within the genealogical noticeπατριά: families / clans; introduces a grouped set of kin-units.
γραμματέωνof the scribesN3V GPM · γραμματεύςnominal element within the genealogical noticeγραμματεύς: scribes; the professional group with which the closing families are associated.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ present participle of residenceκατοικέω: dwelling; participle marking settled residence within a place-name notice.
ΙαβεςJabezN DSM · Ιαβεςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerJabez: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΘαργαθιιμThargathiimN NPM · Θαργαθιιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerThargathiim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣαμαθιιμSamathiimN NPM · Σαμαθιιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSamathiim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
ΣωκαθιιμSocathiimN NPM · Σωκαθιιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerSocathiim: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; used to gather a list, relaunch a subsection, or mark a formal heading within the genealogy.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ΚιναῖοιKenitesN2 NPM · Κιναῖοιnominal element within the genealogical noticeΚιναῖοι: nominal term in the genealogical register; glossed here as "Kenites".
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or nameDefinite article from ὁ, ἡ, τό marking and specifying the following noun or name.
ἐλθόντεςhaving comeVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticiple identifying origin→ aorist participle of antecedent movementἔρχομαι: having come; participle identifying origin for the Kenite families.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complementἐκ: from / out of; marks source, descent, or point of origin in genealogical and settlement notices.
ΜεσημαMesemaN GSM · Μεσημαproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerMesema: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive father-term linking a person to a clan or settlementπατήρ: father; either literal father or the founding ancestor associated with a settlement or clan.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςnominal element within the genealogical noticeοἶκος: house; denotes a clan-house or dynastic house.
ΡηχαβRechabN GSF · Ρηχαβproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerRechab: a transliterated proper name preserved in the Judahite and Davidic genealogical traditions.