1
καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους καὶ ἐτροπώσατο αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔλαβεν τὴν Γεθ καὶ τὰς κώμας αὐτῆς ἐκ χειρὸς ἀλλοφύλων
And it came to pass after these things that David struck the Philistines and subdued them, and he took Gath and its villages from the hand of the Philistines.
The chapter begins with a compressed conquest notice: David does not merely repel the Philistines but takes strategic territory from them.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐγένετοbecome / happenVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ταῦταthisRD APN · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἀλλοφύλουςPhilistine / foreignerN2 APM · ἀλλόφυλοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἀλλόφυλος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐτροπώσατοput to flight / subdueVAI AMI3S · τροπόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτροπόω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΓεθGathN ASF · Γεθsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextGath: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κώμαςvillageN1 APF · κώμηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκώμη: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
αὐτῆςhe / she / itRD GSF · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionχείρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἀλλοφύλωνPhilistine / foreignerN2 GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀλλόφυλος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
2
καὶ ἐπάταξεν τὴν Μωαβ καὶ ἦσαν Μωαβ παῖδες τῷ Δαυιδ φέροντες δῶρα
And he struck Moab, and the Moabites became servants to David, bringing gifts.
Military defeat quickly becomes political subordination; tribute marks the transformation from enemy to dependent state.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΜωαβMoabN ASF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextMoab: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΜωαβMoabN NSF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextMoab: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπαῖς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
φέροντεςbringV1 · παπνπμ φέρωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceφέρω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδῶρον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
3
καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ τὸν Αδρααζαρ βασιλέα Σουβα Ημαθ πορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἐπιστῆσαι χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ ποταμὸν Εὐφράτην
And David struck Hadraazar king of Zobah at Hamath, as he went to set his hand upon the river Euphrates.
The geographical reach expands dramatically here, placing David's victories in the wider northern theater up to the Euphrates.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN ASM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΣουβαZobahN GSF · Σουβαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextZobah: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ΗμαθHamathN GSF · Ημαθsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHamath: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
πορευομένουgoV1 · πμπγσμ πορεύομαιparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceπορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐπιστῆσαιset overVA AAN · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaἵστημι + ἐπι: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχείρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ποταμὸνriverN2 ASM · ποταμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementποταμός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΕὐφράτηνEuphratesN1M ASM · Εὐφράτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementEuphrates: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
4
καὶ προκατελάβετο Δαυιδ αὐτῶν χίλια ἅρματα καὶ ἑπτὰ χιλιάδας ἵππων καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν πεζῶν καὶ παρέλυσεν Δαυιδ πάντα τὰ ἅρματα καὶ ὑπελίπετο ἐξ αὐτῶν ἑκατὸν ἅρματα
And David captured from him a thousand chariots, seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand foot soldiers; and David hamstrung all the chariots, but left from them a hundred chariots.
The verse inventories victory concretely and shows David deliberately limiting captured chariot power rather than merely stockpiling it.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
προκατελάβετοcaptureVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + προ + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω + προ + κατα: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χίλιαa thousandA1A APN · χίλιοιacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveχίλιοι: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἅρμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeἑπτά: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
χιλιάδαςthousandN3D APF · χιλιάςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχιλιάς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἵππος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeεἴκοσι: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
χιλιάδαςthousandN3D APF · χιλιάςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχιλιάς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἀνδρῶνmanN3 GPM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀνήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
πεζῶνfoot soldierA1 GPM · πεζόςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπεζός: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
παρέλυσενdisableVAI AAI3S · λύω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλύω + παρα: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἅρμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ὑπελίπετοleave remainingVBI AMI3S · λείπω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλείπω + ὑπο: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτῶνhe / she / itRD GPM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἑκατὸνekatonM · ἑκατόνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeἑκατόν: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἅρμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
5
καὶ ἦλθεν Σύρος ἐκ Δαμασκοῦ βοηθῆσαι Αδρααζαρ βασιλεῖ Σουβα καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ ἐν τῷ Σύρῳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν
And Aram came from Damascus to help Hadraazar king of Zobah, and David struck twenty-two thousand men of the Arameans.
Outside intervention only broadens the defeat; new allies are drawn into the same pattern of Davidic superiority.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἔρχομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΣύροςArameanN2 NSM · Σύροςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemAramean: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN2 GSM · Δαμασκόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionDamascus: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βοηθῆσαιhelpVA AAN · βοηθέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaβοηθέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN DSM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΣουβαZobahN GSF · Σουβαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextZobah: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΣύρῳArameanN2 DSM · Σύροςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationAramean: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeεἴκοσι: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
δύοtwoM · δύοparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeδύο: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
χιλιάδαςthousandN3D APF · χιλιάςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχιλιάς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἀνδρῶνmanN3 GPM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀνήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
6
καὶ ἔθετο Δαυιδ φρουρὰν ἐν Συρίᾳ τῇ κατὰ Δαμασκόν καὶ ἦσαν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰς παῖδας φέροντας δῶρα καὶ ἔσῳζεν κύριος τὸν Δαυιδ ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ἐπορεύετο
And David put a garrison in Aram of Damascus, and they became David's servants, bringing gifts; and the Lord saved David in all that he did.
The administrative act of placing a garrison is interpreted theologically by the refrain that the Lord preserved David wherever he advanced.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτίθημι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
φρουρὰνgarrisonN1A ASF · φρουράaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementφρουρά: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΣυρίᾳSyriaN1A DSF · Συρίαdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationSyria: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phraseκατά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΔαμασκόνDamascusN2 ASM · Δαμασκόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementDamascus: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπαῖς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
φέρονταςbringV1 · παπαπμ φέρωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceφέρω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδῶρον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔσῳζενsaveV1I IAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaσώζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemκύριος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐπορεύετοgoV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaπορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
7
καὶ ἔλαβεν Δαυιδ τοὺς κλοιοὺς τοὺς χρυσοῦς οἳ ἦσαν ἐπὶ τοὺς παῖδας Αδρααζαρ καὶ ἤνεγκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
And David took the golden armlets that were on the servants of Hadraazar and brought them to Jerusalem.
The movement of spoil toward Jerusalem hints that military gain will serve the sacred center rather than private luxury alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κλοιοὺςarmletN2 APM · κλοιόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκλοιός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χρυσοῦςgoldenA1C NSM · χρυσοῦςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveχρυσοῦς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementπαῖς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN GSM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἤνεγκενbringVAI AAI3S · φέρωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙερουσαλημIeroysalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextIeroysalem: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
8
καὶ ἐκ τῆς μεταβηχας καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν πόλεων τῶν Αδρααζαρ ἔλαβεν Δαυιδ χαλκὸν πολὺν σφόδρα ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐποίησεν Σαλωμων τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν χαλκῆν καὶ τοὺς στύλους καὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ χαλκᾶ
And from Tibhath and from the chosen cities of Hadraazar David took very much bronze; from it Solomon made the bronze sea and the pillars and the bronze vessels.
The chronicler explicitly connects David's campaigns with Solomon's temple furnishing, turning conquest into material preparation for worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
μεταβηχαςTibhathN GSF · μεταβηχαςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextμεταβηχας: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐκλεκτῶνchosenA1 GPM · ἐκλεκτόςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveἐκλεκτός: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
πόλεωνcityN3I GPF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionπόλις: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN GSM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
χαλκὸνbronzeN2 ASM · χαλκόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχαλκός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
πολὺνmuchA1P ASM · πολύςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπολύς: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeσφόδρα: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐποίησενdo / makeVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseποιέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN NSM · Σαλωμώνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextSolomon: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementθάλασσα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χαλκῆνbronzeA1C ASF · χαλκοῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveχαλκοῦς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
στύλουςpillarN2 APM · στῦλοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementστῦλος: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσκεῦος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χαλκᾶbronzeA1C APN · χαλκοῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveχαλκοῦς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
9
καὶ ἤκουσεν Θωα βασιλεὺς Ημαθ ὅτι ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ τὴν πᾶσαν δύναμιν Αδρααζαρ βασιλέως Σουβα
And Tou king of Hamath heard that David had struck all the force of Hadraazar king of Zobah,
The report of David's success has diplomatic effects beyond the battlefield, altering regional alignments.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἤκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀκούω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΘωαTouN NSM · Θωαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextTou: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΗμαθHamathN GSF · Ημαθsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHamath: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὅτιfor / thatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing explanation, cause, or quoted content→ explanatory / causalὅτι: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδύναμις: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN GSM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΣουβαZobahN GSF · Σουβαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextZobah: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
10
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν τὸν Ιδουραμ υἱὸν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Δαυιδ τοῦ ἐρωτῆσαι αὐτὸν τὰ εἰς εἰρήνην καὶ τοῦ εὐλογῆσαι αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐπολέμησεν τὸν Αδρααζαρ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτόν ὅτι ἀνὴρ πολέμιος Θωα ἦν τῷ Αδρααζαρ καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη ἀργυρᾶ καὶ χρυσᾶ
and he sent Hadoram his son to King David to ask about his welfare and to bless him because he had fought against Hadraazar and struck him, for Hadraazar had been at war with Tou; and he sent all sorts of vessels of silver and gold.
David's victory produces not only fear but friendship; diplomacy follows power when a common enemy is removed.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause+ ἀπο: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙδουραμHadoramN ASM · Ιδουραμsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadoram: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phraseπρός: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐρωτῆσαιaskVA AAN · ἐρωτάωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaἐρωτάω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing a following complement phraseεἰς: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementεἰρήνη: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
εὐλογῆσαιblessVM XMI2S · εὐλογέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaεὐλογέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτὸνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing a following complement phraseὑπέρ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
οὗwho / whichRR GSM · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐπολέμησενfightVAI AAI3S · πολεμέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπολεμέω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN ASM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ὅτιfor / thatC · ὅτιconjunction introducing explanation, cause, or quoted content→ explanatory / causalὅτι: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἀνήρ: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
πολέμιοςenemyA1A NSM · πολέμιοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπολέμιος: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
ΘωαTouN NSM · Θωαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextTou: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΑδρααζαρHadraazarN DSM · Αδρααζαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextHadraazar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementσκεῦος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἀργυρᾶsilverA1C APN · ἀργυροῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveἀργυροῦς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C APN · χρυσοῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveχρυσοῦς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
11
καὶ ταῦτα ἡγίασεν Δαυιδ τῷ κυρίῳ μετὰ τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ τοῦ χρυσίου οὗ ἔλαβεν ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐξ Ιδουμαίας καὶ Μωαβ καὶ ἐξ υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων καὶ ἐξ Αμαληκ
These also King David consecrated to the Lord, together with the silver and the gold that he had taken from all the nations, from Edom and Moab and the sons of Ammon and from the Philistines and from Amalek.
The precious metals are sacralized rather than hoarded, a characteristic Chronicler move that bends martial success toward temple purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ταῦταthisRD APN · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseοὗτος: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἡγίασενconsecrateVAI AAI3S · ἁγιάζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἁγιάζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationκύριος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phraseμετά: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀργύριον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χρυσίουchrysionN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionχρυσίον: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
οὗwho / whichRR GSM · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseλαμβάνω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἔθνος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΙδουμαίαςEdomN1A GSF · Ιδουμαίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionEdom: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΜωαβMoabN GSF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextMoab: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAmmon: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἀλλοφύλωνPhilistine / foreignerN2 GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἀλλόφυλος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐκ: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
ΑμαληκAmalekN GSM · Αμαληκsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAmalek: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
12
καὶ Αβεσσα υἱὸς Σαρουια ἐπάταξεν τὴν Ιδουμαίαν ἐν κοιλάδι τῶν ἁλῶν ὀκτὼ καὶ δέκα χιλιάδας
And Abishai son of Zeruiah struck Edom in the Valley of Salt, eighteen thousand.
The brief notice broadens the map once more and shows Davidic power extending to the south through his commanders.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΑβεσσαAbishaiN NSM · Αβεσσαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAbishai: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΣαρουιαZeruiahN GSM · Σαρουιαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextZeruiah: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπάταξενstrikeVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπατάσσω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙδουμαίανEdomN1A ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementEdom: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
κοιλάδιvalleyN3D DSF · κοιλάςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationκοιλάς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἁλῶνsaltN3 GPM · ἅλςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionἅλς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ὀκτὼeightM · ὀκτώparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeὀκτώ: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
δέκαtenM · δέκαparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or timeδέκα: particle or adverb shaping the sentence's discourse force, emphasis, or temporal flow.
χιλιάδαςthousandN3D APF · χιλιάςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementχιλιάς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
13
καὶ ἔθετο ἐν τῇ κοιλάδι φρουράς καὶ ἦσαν πάντες οἱ Ιδουμαῖοι παῖδες Δαυιδ καὶ ἔσῳζεν κύριος τὸν Δαυιδ ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ἐπορεύετο
And he placed garrisons in the valley, and all the Edomites became David's servants; and the Lord saved David in all that he did.
The repeated salvation formula interprets the expansion as divinely upheld kingship rather than self-generated empire.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτίθημι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
κοιλάδιvalleyN3D DSF · κοιλάςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationκοιλάς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
φρουράςgarrisonN1A APF · φρουράaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementφρουρά: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΙδουμαῖοιEdomiteN2 NPM · Ιδουμαίοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemEdomite: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemπαῖς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἔσῳζενsaveV1I IAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaσώζω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemκύριος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐν: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὅς: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
ἐπορεύετοgoV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaπορεύομαι: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
14
καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Δαυιδ ἐπὶ πάντα Ισραηλ καὶ ἦν ποιῶν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην τῷ παντὶ λαῷ αὐτοῦ
And David reigned over all Israel, and he was doing judgment and righteousness for all his people.
The chapter's goal is stated here: successful rule is measured not only by victories but by judgment and righteousness for the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseβασιλεύω: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextIsrael: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceεἰμί: verbal form expressing action, state, speech, movement, or relation according to its tense-form and clause role.
ποιῶνwhat sort ofA1A GPM · ποῖοςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveποῖος: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementκρίμα: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementδικαιοσύνη: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπᾶς: adjectival form qualifying a substantive or functioning substantivally in context.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationλαός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
αὐτοῦhe / she / itRD GSM · αὐτόςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseαὐτός: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
15
καὶ Ιωαβ υἱὸς Σαρουια ἐπὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς καὶ Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Αχιλουδ ὑπομνηματογράφος
And Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army, and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder,
Administrative stability follows conquest; the royal court is named with the same precision earlier used for battle reports.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΙωαβJoabN NSM · Ιωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextJoab: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΣαρουιαZeruiahN GSM · Σαρουιαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextZeruiah: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
στρατιᾶςarmyN1A GSF · στρατιάgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionστρατιά: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatN NSM · Ιωσαφατsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextJehoshaphat: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑχιλουδAhiludN GSM · Αχιλουδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAhilud: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ὑπομνηματογράφοςrecorderN2 NSM · ὑπομνηματογράφοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemὑπομνηματογράφος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
16
καὶ Σαδωκ υἱὸς Αχιτωβ καὶ Αχιμελεχ υἱὸς Αβιαθαρ ἱερεῖς καὶ Σουσα γραμματεὺς
and Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests, and Shavsha was scribe,
The inclusion of priests within the officer list reinforces the chapter's integration of governance and cultic order.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΣαδωκZadokN NSM · Σαδωκsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextZadok: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑχιτωβAhitubN GSM · Αχιτωβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAhitub: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΑχιμελεχAhimelechN NSM · Αχιμελεχsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAhimelech: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΑβιαθαρAbiatharN GSM · Αβιαθαρsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextAbiathar: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἱερεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΣουσαShavshaN NSM · Σουσαsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextShavsha: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
γραμματεὺςscribeN3V NSM · γραμματεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemγραμματεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
17
καὶ Βαναιας υἱὸς Ιωδαε ἐπὶ τοῦ χερεθθι καὶ τοῦ φελεθθι καὶ υἱοὶ Δαυιδ οἱ πρῶτοι διάδοχοι τοῦ βασιλέως
and Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and the sons of David were the chief deputies of the king.
The close gathers military security and dynastic participation into the stable architecture of David's reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
ΒαναιαςBenaiahN1T NSM · Βαναιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemBenaiah: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΙωδαεJehoiadaN GSM · Ιωδαεsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextJehoiada: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing a following complement phraseἐπί: preposition introducing its complement and marking relation such as place, direction, source, or reference.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
χερεθθιCherethitesN GSM · χερεθθιsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextCherethites: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
φελεθθιPelethitesN GSM · φελεθθιsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextPelethites: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ additive / continuativeκαί: conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or items in the flow of the sentence.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemυἱός: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδsubstantive functioning within the clause according to contextDavid: proper name or ethnicon preserved in transliterated Greek form.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveπρῶτος: lexical item glossed here in its local narrative or cultic sense.
διάδοχοιdeputy / successorN2 NPM · διάδοχοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemδιάδοχος: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseὁ: pronominal form marking reference, determination, or relation within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionβασιλεύς: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.