1
καὶ ἤγαγεν Ιωσιας τὸ πασχα ἐν Ιερουσαλημ τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθυσεν τὸ πασχα τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ πρώτου
And Josiah kept the Passover in Jerusalem to the Lord his God, and he sacrificed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month.
The chapter opens with Josiah's Passover as the governing act that frames everything that follows in cultic terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ΙωσιαςJosiahN1T NSM · Ιωσίαςpredicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name')Ιωσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name').
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθυσενthey sacrificedVAI AAI3S · θύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveθύω: meaning 'they sacrificed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃfourteenthA1 DSF · τεσσαρεσκαιδέκατοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ sphere or referenceτεσσαρεσκαιδέκατος: meaning 'fourteenth'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSM · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
2
στήσας τοὺς ἱερεῖς κατ' ἐφημερίας ἐστολισμένους ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ κυρίου
Having stationed the priests by their courses, arrayed in the sanctuary of the Lord,
The narrative narrows from feast to personnel, showing deliberate liturgical ordering before sacrifice begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
στήσαςhaving stationedVA · ααπνσμ ἵστημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι: meaning 'having stationed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V APM · ἱερεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐφημερίαςcourseN1A GSF · ἐφημερίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἐφημερία: meaning 'course'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἐστολισμένουςarrayedVA · αμπαπμ στολίζωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceαμπαπμ στολίζω: meaning 'arrayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερῷsacred / holyA1A DSN · ἱερόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
3
καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς Λευίταις ἱεροδούλοις τοῦ Ισραηλ ἁγιάσαι ἑαυτοὺς τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν τῇ θέσει τῆς ἁγίας κιβωτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾧ ᾠκοδόμησεν Σαλωμων ὁ τοῦ Δαυιδ ὁ βασιλεύς οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν ἆραι ἐπ' ὤμων αὐτήν
he told the Levites, the temple-servants of Israel, to sanctify themselves to the Lord at the place of the holy ark of the Lord in the house that Solomon son of David the king had built: 'It will no longer be for you to carry it on your shoulders.',
Josiah's speech anchors the celebration in temple stability and holiness rather than portable wilderness practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςΛευείτηςN1M DPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευίταις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἱεροδούλοιςtemple-servantsN2 DPM · ἱερόδουλοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationἱερόδουλος: meaning 'temple-servants'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἁγιάσαιagiazoVA AAN · ἁγιάζωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ restraint, counsel, and honest dealingἁγιάζω: meaning 'agiazo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
ἑαυτοὺςhimself / themselvesRD APM · ἑαυτοῦacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileἑαυτοὺς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θέσειplaceN3I DSF · θέσιςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationθέσις: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίαςholyA1A GSF · ἅγιοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
κιβωτοῦarkN2 GSF · κιβωτόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termκιβωτός: meaning 'ark'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ᾧwho / whomRR DSM · ὅςdative complement within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative complement within the clause.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN NSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἆραιto lift upVA AAN · αἴρωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ constative aorist infinitiveαἴρω: meaning 'to lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὤμωνshouldersN2 GPM · ὦμοςgenitive (object of ἐπί: 'upon the shoulders')→ relational specificationὦμος: meaning 'shoulders'; it serves as genitive (object of ἐπί: 'upon the shoulders').
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
καὶ νῦν λατρεύετε τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ὑμῶν καὶ θεραπεύετε τὸ ἔθνος αὐτοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἑτοιμάσατε κατὰ τὰς πατριὰς καὶ τὰς φυλὰς ὑμῶν κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν Δαυιδ βασιλέως Ισραηλ καὶ κατὰ τὴν μεγαλειότητα Σαλωμων τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ
'And now serve the Lord your God and minister to his nation Israel, and prepare yourselves by your families and your tribes, according to the writing of David king of Israel and according to the greatness of Solomon his son.',
The king binds worship, service to Israel, and fidelity to Davidic-Solomonic instruction into one command.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λατρεύετεserveV1 PAD2P · λατρεύωimperatival verbal form directing an actionλατρεύω: meaning 'serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperatival verbal form directing an action.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεραπεύετεminister toV1 PAD2P · θεραπεύωimperatival verbal form directing an actionθεραπεύω: meaning 'minister to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperatival verbal form directing an action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑτοιμάσατεmake ready / prepareVA AAD2P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verb (Saul's command)→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'make ready'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Saul's command).
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατριὰςfamiliesN1A APF · πατριάcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaπατριά: meaning 'families'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὰςtribeN1 APF · φυλήcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραφὴνwritingN1 ASF · γραφήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterγραφή: meaning 'writing'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγαλειότηταgreatnessN3T ASF · μεγαλειότηςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalμεγαλειότης: meaning 'greatness'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ wakeful praise and righteous enduranceΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
5
καὶ στάντες ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ κατὰ τὴν μεριδαρχίαν τὴν πατρικὴν ὑμῶν τῶν Λευιτῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐν τάξει
'And stand in the sanctuary according to your ancestral division, you Levites, before your brothers, the sons of Israel, in due order.',
The Levites are placed in ordered relation to their brothers, underscoring inherited structure in the rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στάντεςstandingVH · ααπνπμ ἵστημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνπμ ἵστημι: meaning 'standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερῷsacred / holyA1A DSN · ἱερόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεριδαρχίανdivisionN1A ASF · μεριδαρχίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalμεριδαρχία: meaning 'division'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρικὴνancestralA1 ASF · πατρικόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalπατρικός: meaning 'ancestral'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΛευιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τάξειorderN3I DSF · τάξιςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ trembling remembrance and saving theophanyτάξις: meaning 'order'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
6
θύσατε τὸ πασχα καὶ τὰς θυσίας ἑτοιμάσατε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὑμῶν καὶ ποιήσατε τὸ πασχα κατὰ τὸ πρόσταγμα τοῦ κυρίου τὸ δοθὲν τῷ Μωυσῇ
'Sacrifice the Passover, prepare the sacrifices for your brothers, and keep the Passover according to the command of the Lord given to Moses.'
The speech culminates in the imperative to perform the Passover according to Mosaic command.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
θύσατεsacrificeVA AAD2P · θύωmain verb of Pharaoh's command (his compromise: sacrifice in the land)→ verbal action or stateθύω: meaning 'sacrifice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of Pharaoh's command (his compromise: sacrifice in the land).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαaccusative complement→ object specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἑτοιμάσατεmake ready / prepareVA AAD2P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verb (Saul's command)→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'make ready'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Saul's command).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσατεdo / makeVA AAD2P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσταγμαordinanceN3M ASN · πρόσταγμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: meaning 'ordinance'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοθὲνδίδωμιVC · αππασν δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the clauseαππασν δίδωμι: meaning 'δίδωμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesN1M DSM · Μωυσῆςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative→ participant identificationΜωυσῇ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
7
καὶ ἐδωρήσατο Ιωσιας τῷ λαῷ τῷ εὑρεθέντι ἀρνῶν καὶ ἐρίφων τριάκοντα χιλιάδας μόσχους τρισχιλίους ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν βασιλικῶν ἐδόθη κατ' ἐπαγγελίαν τῷ λαῷ καὶ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν καὶ Λευίταις
And Josiah gave as a gift to the people who were found there thirty thousand lambs and kids, and three thousand calves; these were given from the royal possessions in fulfillment of his pledge to the people and to the priests and Levites.
Josiah's donation ensures the feast is abundantly supplied and marks his piety in concrete royal generosity.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδωρήσατοmade a giftVAI AMI3S · δωρέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδωρέω: meaning 'made a gift'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΙωσιαςJosiahN1T NSM · Ιωσίαςpredicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name')Ιωσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name').
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθέντιwho was presentVC · αππδσμ εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππδσμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'who was present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀρνῶνof lambsN2 GPM · ἀρνόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἀρνός: meaning 'of lambs'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρίφωνof kidsN2 GPM · ἔριφοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἔριφος: meaning 'of kids'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'bull-calves'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τρισχιλίουςthree thousandA1A APM · τρισχίλιοιnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceτρισχίλιοι: meaning 'three thousand'; it serves as numeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλικῶνroyal goodsA1 GPN · βασιλικόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionβασιλικός: meaning 'royal goods'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἐδόθηwas givenVCI API3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'was given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐπαγγελίανby pledgeN1A ASF · ἐπαγγελίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἐπαγγελία: meaning 'by pledge'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛευίταιςΛευείτηςN1M DPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευίταις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
8
καὶ ἔδωκεν Χελκιας καὶ Ζαχαριας καὶ Ησυηλος οἱ ἐπιστάται τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν εἰς πασχα πρόβατα δισχίλια ἑξακόσια μόσχους τριακοσίους
And Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, the overseers of the sanctuary, gave to the priests for the Passover two thousand six hundred sheep and three hundred calves.
Temple rulers reinforce the king's generosity by furnishing additional sacrificial animals for the priests' work.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΧελκιαςHilkiahN1T NSM · Χελκιαςnominative head term or subject complementΧελκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative head term or subject complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαχαριαςZechariahN1T NSM · Ζαχαριαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖαχαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗσυηλοςJehielN NSM · Ησυηλοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΗσυηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστάταιoverseersN1M NPM · ἐπιστάτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἐπιστάτης: meaning 'overseers'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦierosA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'ieros'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δισχίλιαtwo thousandA1A APN · δισχίλιοιnominal element carrying the clause or phraseδισχίλιοι: meaning 'two thousand'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἑξακόσιαsix hundredA1A APN · ἑξακόσιοιnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ object specificationἑξακόσιοι: meaning 'six hundred'; it serves as numeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence.
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'bull-calves'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τριακοσίουςthree hundredA1A APM · τριακόσιοιadjectival or ordinal modifierτριακόσιοι: meaning 'three hundred'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
9
καὶ Ιεχονιας καὶ Σαμαιας καὶ Ναθαναηλ ὁ ἀδελφὸς καὶ Ασαβιας καὶ Οχιηλος καὶ Ιωραμ χιλίαρχοι ἔδωκαν τοῖς Λευίταις εἰς πασχα πρόβατα πεντακισχίλια μόσχους ἑπτακοσίους
And Jechonias and Shemaiah and Nethanel his brother and Hashabiah and Ochihel and Joram, chiliarchs, gave to the Levites for the Passover five thousand sheep and seven hundred calves.
Levitical leaders complete the provisioning, so that every major cultic group contributes to the feast's fullness.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεχονιαςJechoniasN1T NSM · Ιεχονιαςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative→ participant identificationΙεχονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαιαςShemaiahN1T NSM · Σαμαιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΣαμαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαθαναηλNethanelN NSM · Ναθαναηλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΝαθαναηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸςbrotherN2 NSM · ἀδελφόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσαβιαςHashabiahN1T NSM · Ασαβιαςnominative term in clause/listΑσαβιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term in clause/list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟχιηλοςJeielN NSM · Οχιηλοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΟχιηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωραμJoramN NSM · Ιωραμproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΙωραμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
χιλίαρχοιcommanders of thousandsN2 NPM · χιλίαρχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemχιλίαρχος: meaning 'commanders of thousands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςΛευείτηςN1M DPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευίταις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πεντακισχίλιαfive thousandA1 APM · πεντακισχίλιοιaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalπεντακισχίλιοι: meaning 'five thousand'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
μόσχουςbull-calvesN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'bull-calves'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἑπτακοσίουςseven hundredA1 APM · ἑπτακόσιοιnumeral adjectiveἑπτακόσιοι: meaning 'seven hundred'; it serves as numeral adjective.
10
καὶ ταῦτα τὰ γενόμενα εὐπρεπῶς ἔστησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται
And when these things had been properly arranged, the priests and the Levites took their stations,
The setup gives way to execution: priests and Levites stand ready once the arrangements are complete.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενόμεναhaving been doneVB · αμπνπν γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαμπνπν γίγνομαι: meaning 'having been done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εὐπρεπῶςproperlyD · εὐπρεπῶςadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ creation, idolatry, and the creatorεὐπρεπῶς: meaning 'properly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal element advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
11
ἔχοντες τὰ ἄζυμα κατὰ τὰς φυλὰς
holding the unleavened bread according to the tribes,
A brief notice keeps the focus on ritual preparedness, especially the unleavened bread required for the feast.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἔχοντεςholdingV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ contemporaneous present participleπαπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'holding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄζυμαunleavenedA1B APN · ἄζυμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationἄζυμος: meaning 'unleavened'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὰςtribeN1 APF · φυλήcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
12
καὶ κατὰ τὰς μεριδαρχίας τῶν πατέρων ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ λαοῦ προσενεγκεῖν τῷ κυρίῳ κατὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ Μωυσῆ καὶ οὕτω τὸ πρωινόν
and according to the divisions of the fathers before the people, so as to present them to the Lord as it is written in the book of Moses; and so it was in the morning.
The service is explicitly aligned with what is written in Moses, making the ritual a reading of Scripture in action.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεριδαρχίαςdivisionsN1A APF · μεριδαρχίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalμεριδαρχία: meaning 'divisions'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
προσενεγκεῖνto presentVB AAN · φέρω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφέρω + προς: meaning 'to present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεγραμμέναwriteVP · χμπαπν γράφωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateχμπαπν γράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΜωυσῆ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτω: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωινόνin the morningA1 NSN · πρωινόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπρωινός: meaning 'in the morning'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
13
καὶ ὤπτησαν τὸ πασχα πυρὶ ὡς καθήκει καὶ τὰς θυσίας ἥψησαν ἐν τοῖς χαλκείοις καὶ λέβησιν μετ' εὐωδίας καὶ ἀπήνεγκαν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ
And they roasted the Passover with fire, as is fitting, and they boiled the sacrifices in braziers and kettles with fragrance and carried them out to all the people.
The verse describes the practical handling of the offerings and emphasizes orderly distribution to the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤπτησανthey roastedVAI AAI3P · ὀπτάωfinite verb advancing the clauseὀπτάω: meaning 'they roasted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθήκειit is fittingV1 PAI3S · ἥκω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ongoing verbal processἥκω + κατα: meaning 'it is fitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαaccusative complement→ object specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἥψησανthey boiledVAI AAI3P · ἕψωfinite verb advancing the clauseἕψω: meaning 'they boiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκείοιςin cauldronsN2N DPN · χαλκεῖονdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationχαλκεῖον: meaning 'in cauldrons'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέβησινpotsN3T DPM · λέβηςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseλέβης: meaning 'pots'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
εὐωδίαςwith fragranceN1A GSF · εὐωδίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationεὐωδία: meaning 'with fragrance'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήνεγκανthey carriedVAI AAI3P · φέρω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφέρω + ἀπο: meaning 'they carried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
14
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἡτοίμασαν ἑαυτοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν υἱοῖς Ααρων οἱ γὰρ ἱερεῖς ἀνέφερον τὰ στέατα ἕως ἀωρίας καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἡτοίμασαν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν υἱοῖς Ααρων
After this they prepared portions both for themselves and for the priests, their brothers, because the priests, sons of Aaron, were offering up the fat until late; and the Levites prepared for themselves and for the priests, their brothers, the sons of Aaron.
After serving the people, the Levites also sustain the priests, highlighting mutual dependence within the cult.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἡτοίμασανpreparedVAI AAI3P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τεandX TEsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΑαρωνAaronN GSM · Ἀαρώνproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀνέφερονwere offering upV1I IAI3P · φέρω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφέρω + ἀνα: meaning 'were offering up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στέαταfat portionsN3T APN · στέαρaccusative element functioning as object or goalστέαρ: meaning 'fat portions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀωρίαςlate hourN1A GSF · ἀωρίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ day of the Lord and searching judgmentἀωρία: meaning 'late hour'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἡτοίμασανpreparedVAI AAI3P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΑαρωνAaronN GSM · Ἀαρώνproper name within the list or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastΑαρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
15
καὶ οἱ ἱεροψάλται υἱοὶ Ασαφ ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῆς τάξεως αὐτῶν κατὰ τὰ ὑπὸ Δαυιδ τεταγμένα καὶ Ασαφ καὶ Ζαχαριας καὶ Εδδινους οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ οἱ θυρωροὶ ἐφ' ἑκάστου πυλῶνος οὐκ ἔστιν παραβῆναι ἕκαστον τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐφημερίαν οἱ γὰρ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν οἱ Λευῖται ἡτοίμασαν αὐτοῖς
And the temple singers, the sons of Asaph, were at their station according to what had been appointed by David and Asaph and Zechariah and Eddinus, the king's men; and the gatekeepers were at every gate, without needing to leave their own course, because their brothers the Levites had prepared for them.
Singers and gatekeepers remain fixed at their assigned posts, showing the temple operating in disciplined harmony.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροψάλταιtemple singersN1M NPM · ἱεροψάλτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἱεροψάλτης: meaning 'temple singers'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΑσαφAsaphN GSM · Ασαφsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΑσαφ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τάξεωςstationN3I GSF · τάξιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionτάξις: meaning 'station'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τεταγμέναappointedVK · χμπαπν τάσσωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceχμπαπν τάσσω: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσαφAsaphN NSM · Ασαφproper name within the list or clauseΑσαφ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαχαριαςZechariahN1T NSM · Ζαχαριαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖαχαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕδδινουςEddinusN NSM · Εδδινουςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΕδδινους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρωροὶdoorkeeperN2 NPM · θυρωρόςsubject of ἐκάθαιρεν→ participant prominenceθυρωρός: meaning 'doorkeeper'; it serves as subject of ἐκάθαιρεν.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἑκάστουeachA1 GSM · ἕκαστοςadjectival modifier→ relational specificationἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
πυλῶνοςgateN3W GSM · πυλώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ relational specificationπυλών: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
παραβῆναιto step awayVB AAN · βαίνω + παραmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβαίνω + παρα: meaning 'to step away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἕκαστονeachA1 ASM · ἕκαστοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἐφημερίανephemeriaN1A ASF · ἐφημερίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἐφημερία: meaning 'ephemeria'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδελφοὶbrothersN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἡτοίμασανpreparedVAI AAI3P · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
16
καὶ συνετελέσθη τὰ τῆς θυσίας τοῦ κυρίου ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἀχθῆναι τὸ πασχα καὶ προσενεχθῆναι τὰς θυσίας ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ κυρίου θυσιαστήριον κατὰ τὴν ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ βασιλέως Ιωσιου
Thus the matters of the Lord's sacrifice were completed on that day, so that the Passover was kept and the sacrifices were offered on the altar of the Lord according to the command of King Josiah.
The verse summarizes the day as a fully completed act of sacrifice and Passover obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετελέσθηcompleteVSI API3S · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificesN1A GSF · θυσίαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifices'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀχθῆναιfor ... to be carried outVQ APN · ἄγωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἄγω: meaning 'for ... to be carried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσενεχθῆναιfor ... to be offeredVQ APN · φέρω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφέρω + προς: meaning 'for ... to be offered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαaccusative complement→ object specificationθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιταγὴνcommandN1 ASF · ἐπιταγήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἐπιταγή: meaning 'command'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
17
καὶ ἠγάγοσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οἱ εὑρεθέντες ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ τὸ πασχα καὶ τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἡμέρας ἑπτά
And the Israelites who were found there kept the Passover at that time and the feast of unleavened bread for seven days.
The whole gathered Israel participates, extending the feast beyond priestly procedure into communal celebration.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγάγοσανbringVBI AAI3P · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθέντεςfindVC · αππνπμ εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππνπμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastN1 ASF · ἑορτήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ object specificationἑορτή: meaning 'feast'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavenedA1B GPM · ἄζυμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἄζυμος: meaning 'unleavened'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑπτάsevenM · ἑπτάnumeral or number-word quantifying the counted item→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτά: meaning 'seven'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
18
καὶ οὐκ ἤχθη τὸ πασχα τοιοῦτο ἐν τῷ Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῶν χρόνων Σαμουηλ τοῦ προφήτου
And no Passover like this had been kept in Israel from the times of Samuel the prophet.
The narrator explicitly ranks this Passover above any since Samuel, heightening Josiah's reforming stature.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἤχθηwas keptVCI API3S · ἄγωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἄγω: meaning 'was kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN NSN · πασχαsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ discourse linkage or contrastπασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοιοῦτοsuchA1 NSN · τοιοῦτοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρόνωνtimeN2 GPM · χρόνοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΣαμουηλSamuelN GSM · Σαμουηλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΣαμουηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
19
καὶ πάντες οἱ βασιλεῖς τοῦ Ισραηλ οὐκ ἠγάγοσαν πασχα τοιοῦτον οἷον ἤγαγεν Ιωσιας καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ οἱ Ιουδαῖοι καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ οἱ εὑρεθέντες ἐν τῇ κατοικήσει αὐτῶν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And none of the kings of Israel had kept such a Passover as Josiah kept, together with the priests and the Levites and the Judeans and all Israel who were found dwelling in Jerusalem.
The point is sharpened by contrasting Josiah with all prior kings and by naming the whole people as participants.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠγάγοσανbringVBI AAI3P · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
πασχαPassoverN ASN · πασχαindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')πασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοιοῦτονsuchA1 ASN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οἷονasA1A ASN · οἷοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalοἷος: meaning 'as'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ΙωσιαςJosiahN1T NSM · Ιωσίαςpredicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name')Ιωσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαῖοιJudeanN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant identificationΙουδαῖοι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὑρεθέντεςfindVC · αππνπμ εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππνπμ εὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικήσειsettlementN3I DSF · κατοίκησιςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ righteous seeking and rejected duplicityκατοίκησις: meaning 'settlement'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
20
ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει βασιλεύοντος Ιωσιου ἤχθη τὸ πασχα τοῦτο
This Passover was kept in the eighteenth year of Josiah's reign.
The date marks the feast as a fixed historical high point within Josiah's reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳeighteenthA1 DSN · ὀκτωκαιδέκατοςattributive ordinal (modifying ἔτει: 'eighteenth year')ὀκτωκαιδέκατος: meaning 'eighteenth'; it serves as attributive ordinal (modifying ἔτει: 'eighteenth year').
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as dative complement.
βασιλεύοντοςreigningV1 · παπγσμ βασιλεύωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπγσμ βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
ἤχθηwas keptVQ API3S · ἄχθοςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἄχθος: meaning 'was kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαPassoverN NSN · πασχαsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ discourse linkage or contrastπασχα: meaning 'Passover'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
21
καὶ ὠρθώθη τὰ ἔργα Ιωσιου ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ ἐν καρδίᾳ πλήρει εὐσεβείας
And Josiah's works were set right before the Lord his God in a heart full of piety.
A brief theological verdict interprets Josiah's works as rightly ordered before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠρθώθηwere set rightVCI API3S · ὀρθόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionὀρθόω: meaning 'were set right'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
ἐνώπιονinP · ἐνώπιονpreposition→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
πλήρειfullA3H DSF · πλήρηςadjectival modifierπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
εὐσεβείαςpietyN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationεὐσέβεια: meaning 'piety'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
22
καὶ τὰ κατ' αὐτὸν δὲ ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις περὶ τῶν ἡμαρτηκότων καὶ ἠσεβηκότων εἰς τὸν κύριον παρὰ πᾶν ἔθνος καὶ βασιλείαν καὶ ἃ ἐλύπησαν αὐτὸν ἐν αἰσθήσει καὶ οἱ λόγοι τοῦ κυρίου ἀνέστησαν ἐπὶ Ισραηλ
The matters concerning him are recorded in the earlier histories, and also the matters concerning those who sinned and acted impiously against the Lord beyond every nation and kingdom, and the things that grieved him deeply; and the words of the Lord rose up against Israel.
The retrospective note turns from Josiah's integrity toward the broader sinful history that still burdens Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγέγραπταιhas been recordedVP XMI3S · γράφω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionγράφω + ἀνα: meaning 'has been recorded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔμπροσθενformerly / beforeD · ἔμπροσθενnominal element in the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'formerly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
χρόνοιςtimeN2 DPM · χρόνοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμαρτηκότωνthose who had sinnedVX · χαπγπν ἁμαρτάνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionχαπγπν ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'those who had sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠσεβηκότωνthose who had acted impiouslyVX · χαπγπν ἀσεβέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionχαπγπν ἀσεβέω: meaning 'those who had acted impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶνallA3 ASN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἐλύπησανgrievedVAI AAI3P · λυπέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionλυπέω: meaning 'grieved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αἰσθήσειunderstanding / perceptionN3I DSF · αἴσθησιςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionαἴσθησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀνέστησανstand upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'stand up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
23
καὶ μετὰ πᾶσαν τὴν πρᾶξιν ταύτην Ιωσιου συνέβη Φαραω βασιλέα Αἰγύπτου ἐλθόντα πόλεμον ἐγεῖραι ἐν Χαρκαμυς ἐπὶ τοῦ Εὐφράτου καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ἀπάντησιν αὐτῷ Ιωσιας
After all this activity of Josiah, Pharaoh king of Egypt happened to come up to stir up war at Carchemish on the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to meet him.
The narrative shifts abruptly from cultic triumph to international conflict at Carchemish.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρᾶξινenterpriseN3I ASF · πρᾶξιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningπρᾶξις: meaning 'enterprise'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
συνέβηit happenedVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβαίνω + συν: meaning 'it happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΦαραωPharaohN ASM · Φαραώproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐλθόνταhaving comeVB · ααπασμ ἔρχομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπασμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'having come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐγεῖραιto stir upVA AAN · ἐγείρωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ oppression, rivalry, and companionshipἐγείρω: meaning 'to stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΧαρκαμυςCarchemishN DS · Χαρκαμυςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΧαρκαμυς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕὐφράτουEuphratesN1M GSM · Εὐφράτηςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕὐφράτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀπάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΙωσιαςJosiahN1T NSM · Ιωσίαςpredicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name')Ιωσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name').
24
καὶ διεπέμψατο βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ἐστιν βασιλεῦ τῆς Ιουδαίας
And the king of Egypt sent to him, saying, 'What is there between me and you, king of Judea?',
Necho's message opens the diplomatic confrontation and questions Judah's interference.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεπέμψατοsent word through messengersVAI AMI3S · πέμπω + διαmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπέμπω + δια: meaning 'sent word through messengers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τίwhat?RI NSN · τίςpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressβασιλεῦ: meaning 'king'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
25
οὐχὶ πρὸς σὲ ἐξαπέσταλμαι ὑπὸ κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ γὰρ τοῦ Εὐφράτου ὁ πόλεμός μού ἐστιν καὶ νῦν κύριος μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐστιν καὶ κύριος μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐπισπεύδων ἐστίν ἀπόστηθι καὶ μὴ ἐναντιοῦ τῷ κυρίῳ
'Was I not sent out by the Lord God? For my war is on the Euphrates, and now the Lord is with me, and the Lord is urging me on. Stand aside and do not oppose the Lord.'
The Egyptian king grounds his campaign in divine sanction and warns Josiah not to resist God's present purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξαπέσταλμαιI have been sent outVM XMI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'I have been sent out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕὐφράτουEuphratesN1M GSM · Εὐφράτηςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕὐφράτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεμόςwarN2 NSM · πόλεμοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
μούme / myRP GS · ἐγώpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ relational specificationμού: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπισπεύδωνurging me onV1 · παπνσμ σπεύδω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπνσμ σπεύδω + ἐπι: meaning 'urging me on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἀπόστηθιstand asideVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'stand aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐναντιοῦopposeV4 PMD2S · ἐναντιόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἐναντιόω: meaning 'oppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
26
καὶ οὐκ ἀπέστρεψεν ἑαυτὸν Ιωσιας ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα αὐτοῦ ἀλλὰ πολεμεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπιχειρεῖ οὐ προσέχων ῥήμασιν Ιερεμιου προφήτου ἐκ στόματος κυρίου
But Josiah did not turn himself back to his chariot; rather, he attempted to fight him, not giving heed to the words of Jeremiah the prophet from the mouth of the Lord.
Josiah's downfall begins with his refusal to heed a word said to come from the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέστρεψενreturnedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἑαυτὸν: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΙωσιαςJosiahN1T NSM · Ιωσίαςpredicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name')Ιωσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate nominative in apposition ('Josiah is his name').
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρμαchariotN3M ASN · ἅρμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολεμεῖνfightV2 PAN · πολεμέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ constative aoristπολεμέω: meaning 'fight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπιχειρεῖattemptsV2 PAI3S · χειρέω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionχειρέω + ἐπι: meaning 'attempts'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
προσέχωνgiving heedV1 · παπνσμ ἔχω + προςparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἔχω + προς: meaning 'giving heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
27
ἀλλὰ συνεστήσατο πρὸς αὐτὸν πόλεμον ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Μαγεδδαους καὶ κατέβησαν οἱ ἄρχοντες πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ιωσιαν
Instead he joined battle with him in the plain of Megiddo, and the commanders came down to King Josiah.
The warning becomes war, and the scene moves into the plain of Megiddo.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεστήσατοjoined battleVAI AMI3S · ἵστημι + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aorist of military engagementἵστημι + συν: meaning 'joined battle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίῳfieldN2N DSN · πεδίονdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΜαγεδδαουςMegiddoN GS · Μαγεδδαωνproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΜαγεδδαους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβησανthey went downVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'they went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙωσιανJosiahN1T ASM · Ιωσίαςaccusative in apposition to βασιλέα (the king named)Ιωσιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative in apposition to βασιλέα (the king named).
28
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ ἀποστήσατέ με ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης ἠσθένησα γὰρ λίαν καὶ εὐθέως ἀπέστησαν αὐτὸν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς παρατάξεως
And the king said to his servants, 'Take me away from the battle, for I have become very weak.' And at once his servants took him away from the line of battle.
Josiah's own words acknowledge the mortal turn of the battle as he is removed from combat.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παισὶνservantN3D DPM · παῖςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀποστήσατέremoveVA AAD2P · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάχηςbattleN1 GSF · μάχηgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationμάχη: meaning 'battle'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἠσθένησαI am grievously weakenedVAI AAI1S · ἀσθενέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀσθενέω: meaning 'I am grievously weakened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίανgreatlyD · λίανadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastλίαν: meaning 'greatly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθέωςimmediatelyD · εὐθέωςadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ eliphaz: repentance and divine healingεὐθέως: meaning 'immediately'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀπέστησανthey turned awayVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verb (negated: persistence in sin)→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated: persistence in sin).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineN3I GSF · παράταξιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle-line'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
29
καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα τὸ δευτέριον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀποκατασταθεὶς εἰς Ιερουσαλημ μετήλλαξεν τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν τῷ πατρικῷ τάφῳ
And he mounted his second chariot, and after being brought back to Jerusalem he ended his life and was buried in the tomb of his fathers.
The king's return to Jerusalem ends in death and honorable burial with his fathers.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρμαchariotN3M ASN · ἅρμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέριονsecondA1A ASN · δευτέριονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalδευτέριον: meaning 'second'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκατασταθεὶςhaving been brought backVC · αππνσμ ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππνσμ ἵστημι + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'having been brought back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
μετήλλαξενendedVAI AAI3S · ἀλλάσσω + μεταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀλλάσσω + μετα: meaning 'ended'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ royal discipline and the strong wifeβίος: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτάφηthey buriedVDI API3S · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρικῷancestralA1 DSM · πατρικόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationπατρικός: meaning 'ancestral'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τάφῳtombsN2 DSM · τάφοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceτάφος: meaning 'tombs'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
30
καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ ἐπένθησαν τὸν Ιωσιαν καὶ ἐθρήνησεν Ιερεμιας ὁ προφήτης ὑπὲρ Ιωσιου καὶ οἱ προκαθήμενοι σὺν γυναιξὶν ἐθρηνοῦσαν αὐτὸν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ ἐξεδόθη τοῦτο γίνεσθαι αἰεὶ εἰς ἅπαν τὸ γένος Ισραηλ
And in all Judea they mourned for Josiah, and Jeremiah the prophet lamented over Josiah, and the leaders together with the women kept lamenting for him to this day; and it was ordained that this should always be done for the whole race of Israel.
Public mourning and Jeremiah's lament institutionalize memory of Josiah's death within Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὅλῃallA1 DSF · ὅλοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceὅλος: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
ἐπένθησανπενθέωVAI AAI3P · πενθέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπενθέω: meaning 'πενθέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωσιανJosiahN1T ASM · Ιωσίαςaccusative in apposition to βασιλέα (the king named)Ιωσιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative in apposition to βασιλέα (the king named).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθρήνησενlamentedVAI AAI3S · θρηνηέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionθρηνηέω: meaning 'lamented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΙερεμιαςJeremiahN1T NSM · Ἰερεμίαςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΙερεμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetN1M NSM · προφήτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προκαθήμενοιleadersV5 · πμπνπμ ἧμαι + προ + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπμπνπμ ἧμαι + προ + κατα: meaning 'leaders'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
γυναιξὶνwomanN3K DPF · γυνήdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
ἐθρηνοῦσανkept lamentingVAI AAI3P · θρηνέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionθρηνέω: meaning 'kept lamenting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεδόθηit was ordainedVCI API3S · δίδωμι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδίδωμι + ἐκ: meaning 'it was ordained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
γίνεσθαιto becomeV1 PMN · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'to become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αἰεὶalwaysD · ἀείadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flowἀεί: meaning 'always'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἅπανallA3P ASN · ἅπαςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ hezekian wisdom and measured social prudenceἅπας: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένοςraceN3E ASN · γένοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationγένος: meaning 'race'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
31
ταῦτα δὲ ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τῇ βύβλῳ τῶν ἱστορουμένων περὶ τῶν βασιλέων τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ τὸ καθ' ἓν πραχθὲν τῆς πράξεως Ιωσιου καὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς συνέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ κυρίου τά τε προπραχθέντα ὑπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ νῦν ἱστόρηται ἐν τῷ βυβλίῳ τῶν βασιλέων Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδα
These things are recorded in the book of the histories of the kings of Judah, and each deed of Josiah's activity and his glory and his understanding in the law of the Lord, both what had been done before by him and what is now being related, are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
The narrator closes the Josiah section by pointing to archival memory of his deeds, glory, and wisdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 50 words
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγέγραπταιhas been recordedVP XMI3S · γράφω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionγράφω + ἀνα: meaning 'has been recorded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βύβλῳbookN2 DSF · βίβλοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationβίβλος: meaning 'book'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱστορουμένωνthings recountedV2 · πμπγπμ ἱστορέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπμπγπμ ἱστορέω: meaning 'things recounted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἓνoneM ASN · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceἓν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πραχθὲνdoneVQ · αππνσν πράσσωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ crafted idols and moral corruptionαππνσν πράσσω: meaning 'done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πράξεωςundertakingN3I GSF · πρᾶξιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπρᾶξις: meaning 'undertaking'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέσεωςunderstandingN3I GSF · σύνεσιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τάtheRA NPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phraseτά: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεandX TEsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προπραχθένταwhat had been done beforeVQ · αππνπν πράσσω + προmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππνπν πράσσω + προ: meaning 'what had been done before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑπ'under / byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱστόρηταιrecord / relateVM XMI3S · ἱστορέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἱστορέω: meaning 'record'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βυβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
32
καὶ ἀναλαβόντες οἱ ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους τὸν Ιεχονιαν υἱὸν Ιωσιου ἀνέδειξαν βασιλέα ἀντὶ Ιωσιου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ὄντα ἐτῶν εἴκοσι τριῶν
And those from the nation took Jechonias the son of Josiah and made him king in place of Josiah his father, when he was twenty-three years old.
After Josiah's death the people raise his son, marking the beginning of unstable succession.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναλαβόντεςanalabontesVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ assertion or appealααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'analabontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεχονιανJechoniasN1T ASM · Ιεχονιαςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative→ participant identificationΙεχονιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
ἀνέδειξανmade kingVAI AAI3P · δεικνύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδεικνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'made king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπασμ εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπασμ εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPN · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
33
καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιουδα καὶ Ιερουσαλημ μῆνας τρεῖς καὶ ἀπεκατέστησεν αὐτὸν βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου βασιλεύειν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And he reigned in Judah and Jerusalem for three months, and the king of Egypt displaced him from reigning in Jerusalem.
The verse compresses Jechonias' reign and quick removal into a sign of political fragility.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name or indeclinable item→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
μῆναςmonthsN3 APM · μήνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ wild creatures and limits of masteryμήν: meaning 'months'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τρεῖςthreeM APM · τρεῖςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκατέστησενremoved / displacedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
34
καὶ ἐζημίωσεν τὸ ἔθνος ἀργυρίου ταλάντοις ἑκατὸν καὶ χρυσίου ταλάντῳ ἑνί
And he fined the nation one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold.
Egypt's domination is expressed financially through imposed tribute.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐζημίωσενfinedVAI AAI3S · ζημιόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionζημιόω: meaning 'fined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ταλάντοιςtalentN2 DPN · τάλαντονdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationτάλαντον: meaning 'talent'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίουchrysionN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'chrysion'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ταλάντῳtalantoN2 DSN · τάλαντονdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationτάλαντον: meaning 'talanto'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
ἑνίheniA3 DSN · εἷςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentεἷς: meaning 'heni'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
35
καὶ ἀνέδειξεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα Ιωακιμ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ βασιλέα τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ Ιερουσαλημ
And the king of Egypt appointed Joakim his brother king over Judea and Jerusalem.
Foreign power now determines Judah's ruler, signaling diminished sovereignty.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέδειξενappointedVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδεικνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙωακιμJehoiakimN ASM · Ιωακιμproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
36
καὶ ἔδησεν Ιωακιμ τοὺς μεγιστᾶνας Ζαριον δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ συλλαβὼν ἀνήγαγεν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου
And he bound the nobles of Joakim, but after seizing Zarion his brother he brought him up out of Egypt.
The succession notice is darkened by arrests and removals among royal kin and nobles.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδησενboundVAI AAI3S · δέωmain narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon)→ constative aoristδέω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon).
ΙωακιμJoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγιστᾶναςmagnateN3 APM · μεγιστάνaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'magnate'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
ΖαριονZarionN ASM · Ζαριοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΖαριον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συλλαβὼνsyllabonVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ λαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'syllabon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀνήγαγενbrought upVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
37
ἐτῶν δὲ ἦν εἴκοσι πέντε Ιωακιμ ὅτε ἐβασίλευσεν τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου
Joakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign over Judea and Jerusalem, and he did what was evil before the Lord.
The standard judgment formula places Joakim within the line of failed kings.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ΙωακιμJoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'he had done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονinP · ἐνώπιονpreposition→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
38
ἐπ' αὐτὸν δὲ ἀνέβη Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος καὶ δήσας αὐτὸν ἐν χαλκείῳ δεσμῷ ἀπήγαγεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα
Against him Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and after binding him in a bronze fetter he led him away to Babylon.
Babylon replaces Egypt as the active imperial power over Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δήσαςhaving boundVA · ααπνσμ δέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ δέω: meaning 'having bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χαλκείῳchalkeioA1A DSM · χάλκειοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationχάλκειος: meaning 'chalkeio'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
δεσμῷfetterN2 DSM · δεσμόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterδεσμός: meaning 'fetter'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
ἀπήγαγενbrought / led awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀποmain verb (leading the prisoners off)→ eventἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (leading the prisoners off).
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
39
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν σκευῶν τοῦ κυρίου λαβὼν Ναβουχοδονοσορ καὶ ἀπενέγκας ἀπηρείσατο ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι
And after taking some of the sacred vessels of the Lord, Nebuchadnezzar carried them off and deposited them in his temple in Babylon.
The removal of sacred vessels shows judgment reaching directly into the cultic center.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερῶνierosA1A GPN · ἱερόςadjectival or ordinal modifierἱερός: meaning 'ieros'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
σκευῶνimplementsN3E GPN · σκεῦοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
λαβὼνtake / regardVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal action framed by the clause contextααπνσμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπενέγκαςapenegkasVA · ααπνσμ φέρω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ φέρω + ἀπο: meaning 'apenegkas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀπηρείσατοset downVAI AMI3S · ἐρείδομαι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἐρείδομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'set down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναῷtempleN2 DSM · ναόςgenitive dependent→ sphere or referenceναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive dependent.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
40
τὰ δὲ ἱστορηθέντα περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ δυσσεβείας ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῶν χρόνων τῶν βασιλέων
The matters recorded concerning him, and concerning his uncleanness and impiety, have been written in the book of the chronicles of the kings.
Another source citation closes Joakim's section with emphasis on uncleanness and impiety.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱστορηθένταrecord / relateVC · αππνπν ἱστορέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππνπν ἱστορέω: meaning 'record'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessN1A GSF · ἀκαθαρσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἀκαθαρσία: meaning 'uncleanness'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυσσεβείαςimpietyN1A GSF · δυσσέβειαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionδυσσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἀναγέγραπταιhas been recordedVP XMI3S · γράφω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionγράφω + ἀνα: meaning 'has been recorded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βίβλῳbook / scrollN2 DSF · βίβλοςsubject of ἀποστήσεται→ sphere or referenceβίβλος: meaning 'book'; it serves as subject of ἀποστήσεται.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρόνωνtimeN2 GPM · χρόνοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
41
καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ Ιωακιμ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὅτε γὰρ ἀνεδείχθη ἦν ἐτῶν δέκα ὀκτώ
And in his place Joakim his son reigned, for he was eighteen years old when he was made king.
The throne passes to the son, but the brevity and youth keep the tone unstable.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἀντ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΙωακιμJoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεδείχθηanedeichtheVCI API3S · δεικνύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδεικνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'anedeichthe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὀκτώeightM · ὀκτώparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτώ: meaning 'eight'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
42
βασιλεύει δὲ μῆνας τρεῖς καὶ ἡμέρας δέκα ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἔναντι κυρίου
And he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem and did what was evil before the Lord.
The narrator again combines short duration with moral failure.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
βασιλεύειreignV1 PAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μῆναςmonthsN3 APM · μήνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ wild creatures and limits of masteryμήν: meaning 'months'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τρεῖςthreeM APM · τρεῖςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'he had done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
43
καὶ μετ' ἐνιαυτὸν ἀποστείλας Ναβουχοδονοσορ μετήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ἅμα τοῖς ἱεροῖς σκεύεσιν τοῦ κυρίου
And after a year Nebuchadnezzar sent and carried him to Babylon, together with the sacred vessels of the Lord.
Babylon's control tightens as king and sacred vessels are removed together.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐνιαυτὸνyearN2 ASM · ἐνιαυτόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἐνιαυτός: meaning 'year'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀποστείλαςaposteilasVA · ααπνσμ στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνσμ στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'aposteilas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
μετήγαγενhe carried awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + μεταfinite verb advancing the clauseἄγω + μετα: meaning 'he carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
ἅμαat the same time / perhapsD · ἅμαadverb→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'at the same time'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῖςsacred / holyA1A DPN · ἱερόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
σκεύεσινbaggageN3E DPN · σκεῦοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceσκεῦος: meaning 'baggage'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
44
καὶ ἀνέδειξε Σεδεκιαν βασιλέα τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ Ιερουσαλημ Σεδεκιαν ὄντα ἐτῶν εἴκοσι ἑνός βασιλεύει δὲ ἔτη ἕνδεκα
And he appointed Zedekiah king of Judea and Jerusalem, Zedekiah being twenty-one years old; and he reigned eleven years.
A final king is appointed, but already under foreign terms and with ominous brevity.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέδειξεanedeixeVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδεικνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'anedeixe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΣεδεκιανZedekiahN1T ASM · Σεδεκίαςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣεδεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
ΣεδεκιανZedekiahN1T ASM · Σεδεκίαςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣεδεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπασμ εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπασμ εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἑνόςhenosA3 GSN · εἷςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'henos'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
βασιλεύειreignV1 PAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβασιλεύω: meaning 'reign'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἕνδεκαelevenM · ἕνδεκαnumeral or number-word quantifying the counted item→ discourse linkage or contrastἕνδεκα: meaning 'eleven'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
45
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἐνετράπη ἀπὸ τῶν ῥηθέντων λόγων ὑπὸ Ιερεμιου τοῦ προφήτου ἐκ στόματος τοῦ κυρίου
And he did what was evil before the Lord and did not feel shame at the words spoken by Jeremiah the prophet from the mouth of the Lord.
Zedekiah's evil is specified as refusal of Jeremiah's word from the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe had doneVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'he had done'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονinP · ἐνώπιονpreposition→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνετράπηwas subdued / humbledVDI API3S · τρέπω + ἐνmain verb (Moab's subjugation)→ aorist passive of repulseτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'was subdued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Moab's subjugation).
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥηθέντωνspokenVC · αππγπμ εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππγπμ εἶπον: meaning 'spoken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
46
καὶ ὁρκισθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως Ναβουχοδονοσορ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου ἐπιορκήσας ἀπέστη καὶ σκληρύνας αὐτοῦ τὸν τράχηλον καὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ παρέβη τὰ νόμιμα κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ
Though he had been put under oath by King Nebuchadnezzar in the name of the Lord, he committed perjury and revolted; and by stiffening his neck and hardening his heart, he transgressed the ordinances of the Lord God of Israel.
His rebellion is framed not merely politically but covenantally, as oath-breaking before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρκισθεὶςput under oathVS · αππνσμ ὁρκίζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππνσμ ὁρκίζω: meaning 'put under oath'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπιορκήσαςcommit perjuryVA · ααπνσμ ἐπιορκέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ ἐπιορκέω: meaning 'commit perjury'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀπέστηremoveVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκληρύναςhardenVA · ααπνσμ σκληρύνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ σκληρύνω: meaning 'harden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράχηλονneckN2 ASM · τράχηλοςaccusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck')→ object specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
παρέβηparebeVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + παραmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aoristβαίνω + παρα: meaning 'parebe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμιμαordinance / lawful requirementA1 APN · νόμιμοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationνόμιμος: meaning 'ordinance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
47
καὶ οἱ ἡγούμενοι δὲ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ τῶν ἱερέων πολλὰ ἠσέβησαν καὶ ἠνόμησαν ὑπὲρ πάσας τὰς ἀκαθαρσίας πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ ἐμίαναν τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου τὸ ἁγιαζόμενον ἐν Ιεροσολύμοις
And the leaders of the people and of the priests also acted with great impiety and lawlessness beyond all the uncleannesses of the nations, and they defiled the sanctuary of the Lord that had been consecrated in Jerusalem.
The indictment widens from king to leaders and priests, making the crisis national and cultic.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπμπνπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'leading'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἠσέβησανact impiouslyVAI AAI3P · ἀσεβέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀσεβέω: meaning 'act impiously'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠνόμησανact lawlesslyVAI AAI3P · ἀνομέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἀνομέω: meaning 'act lawlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessN1A APF · ἀκαθαρσίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object or complement term within the clauseἀκαθαρσία: meaning 'uncleanness'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμίανανthey had defiledVAI AAI3P · μιαίνωverb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder)→ constative aoristμιαίνω: meaning 'they had defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερὸνsacred / holyA1A ASN · ἱερόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγιαζόμενονsanctifyV1 · πππασν ἁγιάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπππασν ἁγιάζω: meaning 'sanctify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙεροσολύμοιςJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσολημproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΙεροσολύμοις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
48
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου αὐτοῦ μετακαλέσαι αὐτούς καθὸ ἐφείδετο αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ σκηνώματος αὐτοῦ
And the God of their fathers sent through his messenger to call them back, because he was sparing them and his dwelling place.
Before destruction comes, God still sends a call back because he pities both people and dwelling place.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλουangel / messengerN2 GSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clause→ electing love, polluted worship, and priestly contemptἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μετακαλέσαιto call backVA AAN · καλέω + μεταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκαλέω + μετα: meaning 'to call back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καθὸinasmuch asD · καθόadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flowκαθό: meaning 'inasmuch as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐφείδετοwas sparingV1I IMI3S · φείδομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφείδομαι: meaning 'was sparing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματοςdwelling placeN3M GSN · σκήνωμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'dwelling place'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
49
αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐξεμυκτήρισαν ἐν τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἦσαν ἐκπαίζοντες τοὺς προφήτας αὐτοῦ ἕως τοῦ θυμωθέντα αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ἔθνει αὐτοῦ διὰ τὰ δυσσεβήματα προστάξαι ἀναβιβάσαι ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῶν Χαλδαίων
But they mocked his messengers, and on the day when the Lord spoke they were making sport of his prophets, until in anger over the impieties of the nation he commanded that the kings of the Chaldeans be brought up against them.
Mockery of God's messengers explains why wrath finally issues in the Chaldean assault.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεμυκτήρισανmockedVAI AAI3P · μυκτηρίζω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionμυκτηρίζω + ἐκ: meaning 'mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλοιςmessenger / angelN2 DPM · ἄγγελοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceἄγγελος: meaning 'messenger'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾗwhich / whoRR DSF · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐκπαίζοντεςekpaizontesV1 · παπνπμ παίζω + ἐκparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπνπμ παίζω + ἐκ: meaning 'ekpaizontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήταςprophetN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμωθένταhaving become angryVC · αππασμ θυμόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππασμ θυμόω: meaning 'having become angry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνειnationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυσσεβήματαimpietiesN3M APN · δυσσέβημαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalδυσσέβημα: meaning 'impieties'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
προστάξαιto commandVA AAN · τάσσω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeτάσσω + προς: meaning 'to command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀναβιβάσαιto bring upVA AAN · βιβάζω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβιβάζω + ἀνα: meaning 'to bring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansN2 GPM · Χαλδαῖοςgenitive of origin (the bands belong to the Chaldeans)→ participant identificationΧαλδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of origin (the bands belong to the Chaldeans).
50
οὗτοι ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς νεανίσκους αὐτῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ περικύκλῳ τοῦ ἁγίου αὐτῶν ἱεροῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσαντο νεανίσκου καὶ παρθένου καὶ πρεσβύτου καὶ νεωτέρου ἀλλὰ πάντας παρέδωκεν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν
These killed their young men with the sword all around their holy sanctuary, and they did not spare young man or virgin, elder or younger; rather, he gave them all into their hands.
The invasion is narrated as total and indiscriminate devastation around the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀπέκτεινανkilledVAI AAI3P · κτείνω + ἀποverbal element advancing the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκουςyoung menN2 APM · νεανίσκοςdirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as direct object of ἀπέστειλεν.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
περικύκλῳround about / surroundingD · περικύκλῳadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπερικύκλῳ: meaning 'round about'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίουholyA1A GSN · ἅγιοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἱεροῦierosA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'ieros'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφείσαντοepheisantoVAI AMI3P · φείδομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφείδομαι: meaning 'epheisanto'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
νεανίσκουyoung manN2 GSM · νεανίσκοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ oppression, rivalry, and companionshipνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρθένουvirginN2 GSF · παρθένοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionπαρθένος: meaning 'virgin'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύτουold manN1M GSM · πρεσβύτηςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ impious reasoning and persecution of the righteousπρεσβύτης: meaning 'old man'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεωτέρουyoungestA1A GSMC · νέοςgenitive of possession ('the youngest's sack')νέος: meaning 'youngest'; it serves as genitive of possession ('the youngest's sack').
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
51
καὶ πάντα τὰ ἱερὰ σκεύη τοῦ κυρίου τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ καὶ τὰς κιβωτοὺς τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τὰς βασιλικὰς ἀποθήκας ἀναλαβόντες ἀπήνεγκαν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα
And after taking all the sacred vessels of the Lord, great and small, and the treasuries of the Lord and the royal storehouses, they carried them away to Babylon.
Sacred treasures and royal reserves alike are removed, signaling complete loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερὰierosA1A APN · ἱερόςadjectival or ordinal modifierἱερός: meaning 'ieros'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλαgreatA1 APN · μέγαςattributive adjective ('the great wonders')→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as attributive adjective ('the great wonders').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μικρὰa littleA1A APN · μικρόςattributive adjective modifying βρώματα→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'a little'; it serves as attributive adjective modifying βρώματα.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοὺςtreasure chest / arkN2 APF · κιβωτόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalκιβωτός: meaning 'treasure chest'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλικὰςroyal storehousesA1 APF · βασιλικόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalβασιλικός: meaning 'royal storehouses'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἀποθήκαςstorehouseN1 APF · ἀποθήκηaccusative complement→ object specificationἀποθήκη: meaning 'storehouse'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἀναλαβόντεςanalabontesVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ assertion or appealααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'analabontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀπήνεγκανthey carriedVAI AAI3P · φέρω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφέρω + ἀπο: meaning 'they carried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
52
καὶ ἐνεπύρισαν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἔλυσαν τὰ τείχα Ιεροσολύμων καὶ τοὺς πύργους αὐτῶν ἐνεπύρισαν ἐν πυρὶ
And they burned the house of the Lord, and they broke down the walls of Jerusalem, and they burned its towers with fire.
Temple, walls, and towers fall together, depicting the dismantling of Jerusalem's sacred and civic form.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεπύρισανburn upVAI AAI3P · πυρίζω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aorist of burningπυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'burn up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλυσανbroke downVAI AAI3P · λύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionλύω: meaning 'broke down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχαwallN3E APN · τεῖχοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΙεροσολύμωνJerusalemN GS · Ιεροσόλυμαproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΙεροσολύμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύργουςtowerN2 APM · πύργοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant or category named within the oracleπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνhe / him / hisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐνεπύρισανburn upVAI AAI3P · πυρίζω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aorist of burningπυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'burn up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
53
καὶ συνετέλεσαν πάντα τὰ ἔνδοξα αὐτῆς ἀχρεῶσαι καὶ τοὺς ἐπιλοίπους ἀπήγαγεν μετὰ ῥομφαίας εἰς Βαβυλῶνα
And they finished by despoiling all its glorious things, and the remnant he carried away with the sword into Babylon.
The ruin is summarized by loss of splendor and exile of the survivors.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσανcompleteVAI AAI3P · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδοξαendoxaA1B APN · ἔνδοξοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἔνδοξος: meaning 'endoxa'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀχρεῶσαιto despoilVA AAN · ἀχρειόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀχρειόω: meaning 'to despoil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιλοίπουςthe remnantA1B APM · ἐπίλοιποςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἐπίλοιπος: meaning 'the remnant'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἀπήγαγενbrought / led awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀποmain verb (leading the prisoners off)→ eventἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (leading the prisoners off).
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίαςswordN1A GSF · ῥομφαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
54
καὶ ἦσαν παῖδες αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ μέχρι τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι Πέρσας εἰς ἀναπλήρωσιν τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίου ἐν στόματι Ιερεμιου
And they became servants to him and to his sons until the Persians came to reign, for the fulfillment of the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah,
The servitude is explicitly tied to Jeremiah's word and to the transition toward Persian rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριconjunction (with οὗ: temporal 'until')→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσαιto make kingVA AAN · βασιλεύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβασιλεύω: meaning 'to make king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΠέρσαςPersiansN1M APM · Πέρσηςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΠέρσας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀναπλήρωσινfulfillmentN3I ASF · ἀναπλήρωσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀναπλήρωσις: meaning 'fulfillment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματοςwordN3M GSN · ῥῆμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
55
ἕως τοῦ εὐδοκῆσαι τὴν γῆν τὰ σάββατα αὐτῆς πάντα τὸν χρόνον τῆς ἐρημώσεως αὐτῆς σαββατιεῖ εἰς συμπλήρωσιν ἐτῶν ἑβδομήκοντα
until the land should take pleasure in its Sabbaths; all the time of its desolation it will keep sabbath, for the fulfillment of seventy years.
The chapter ends by reading desolation itself as the land's enforced sabbath and prophetic fulfillment.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἕωςuntilD · ἕωςadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐδοκῆσαιeydokesaiVA AAN · εὐδοκέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ infinitival complementεὐδοκέω: meaning 'eydokesai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάββαταa sabbathN2N APN · σάββατονpredicate nominative (apposition: the technical term)σάββατον: meaning 'a sabbath'; it serves as predicate nominative (apposition: the technical term).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρημώσεωςdesolationN3I GSF · ἐρήμωσιςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἐρήμωσις: meaning 'desolation'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
σαββατιεῖwill keep sabbathVF2 FAI3S · σαββατίζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionσαββατίζω: meaning 'will keep sabbath'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
συμπλήρωσινfulfillmentN3I ASF · συμπλήρωσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσυμπλήρωσις: meaning 'fulfillment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἑβδομήκοντα: meaning 'seventy'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.