1
βασιλεύοντος Κύρου Περσῶν ἔτους πρώτου εἰς συντέλειαν ῥήματος κυρίου ἐν στόματι Ιερεμιου ἤγειρεν κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν καὶ ἐκήρυξεν ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἅμα διὰ γραπτῶν λέγων
In the first year of the reign of Cyrus of the Persians, for the fulfillment of the word of the Lord in the mouth of Jeremiah, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians, and he issued a proclamation throughout his whole kingdom, both orally and in writing, saying,
The chapter opens by interpreting Cyrus's decree as the Lord's fulfillment of Jeremiah's word.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
βασιλεύοντοςreigningV1 · παπγσμ βασιλεύωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardπαπγσμ βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
ΚύρουCyrusN2 GSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ΠερσῶνΠέρσηςN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἔτουςyearsN3E GSN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSN · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifierπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
συντέλειανcompletionN1A ASF · συντέλειαgenitive object of ἕως→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'completion'; it serves as genitive object of ἕως.
ῥήματοςwordN3M GSN · ῥῆμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
ἤγειρενstirred upVAI AAI3S · ἀγείρωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀγείρω: meaning 'stirred up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΚύρουCyrusN2 GSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΠερσῶνΠέρσηςN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκήρυξενproclaimVAI AAI3S · κηρύσσωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeκηρύσσω: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὅλῃallA1 DSF · ὅλοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceὅλος: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείᾳreign / kingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceβασιλεία: meaning 'reign'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅμαat the same time / perhapsD · ἅμαadverb→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'at the same time'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γραπτῶνwritten decreeN2N GPN · γραπτόνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionγραπτόν: meaning 'written decree'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
2
τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεὺς Περσῶν Κῦρος ἐμὲ ἀνέδειξεν βασιλέα τῆς οἰκουμένης ὁ κύριος τοῦ Ισραηλ κύριος ὁ ὕψιστος καὶ ἐσήμηνέν μοι οἰκοδομῆσαι αὐτῷ οἶκον ἐν Ιερουσαλημ τῇ ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ
'Thus says Cyrus king of the Persians: the Lord of Israel, the Most High Lord, appointed me king of the world, and he made it known to me that I should build him a house in Jerusalem, in Judea.',
Cyrus's proclamation acknowledges divine sovereignty and frames temple rebuilding as his assigned task.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
τάδεthusRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'thus'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΠερσῶνΠέρσηςN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ΚῦροςCyrusN2 NSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚῦρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἐμὲIRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνέδειξενappointedVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδεικνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένηςdwellV2 · πμπγσφ οἰκέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal action or stateπμπγσφ οἰκέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψιστοςMost HighA1 NSM · ὕψιστοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσήμηνένmade known toVAI AAI3S · σημαίνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionσημαίνω: meaning 'made known to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'to build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
3
εἴ τίς ἐστιν οὖν ὑμῶν ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους αὐτοῦ ἔστω ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀναβὰς εἰς τὴν Ιερουσαλημ τὴν ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ οἰκοδομείτω τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ Ισραηλ οὗτος ὁ κύριος ὁ κατασκηνώσας ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
'If, then, any one of you belongs to his nation, let his Lord be with him; and after going up to Jerusalem in Judea, let him build the house of the Lord of Israel. This is the Lord who has dwelt in Jerusalem.',
The decree turns outward, inviting the Lord's people to go up and rebuild in Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
εἴifC · εἰcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔστωbeV9 PAD3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβὰςhaving gone upVZ · ααπνσμ βαίνω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ βαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'having gone up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
οἰκοδομείτωlet him buildV2 PAD3S · οἰκοδομέωimperatival verbal form directing an actionοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'let him build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperatival verbal form directing an action.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατασκηνώσαςwho has dweltVA · ααπνσμ σκηνόω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ σκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'who has dwelt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
4
ὅσοι οὖν κατὰ τόπους οἰκοῦσιν βοηθείτωσαν αὐτῷ οἱ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ αὐτοῦ ἐν χρυσίῳ καὶ ἐν ἀργυρίῳ ἐν δόσεσιν μεθ' ἵππων καὶ κτηνῶν σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς κατ' εὐχὰς προστεθειμένοις εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου τὸ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
'And as for all who dwell in the various places, let the people in each place help him with gold and silver, with gifts, with horses and livestock, together with the other things added as votive offerings for the sanctuary of the Lord in Jerusalem.'
The return is supported by a command that neighbors furnish practical and votive aid.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ὅσοιas much asA1 NPM · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τόπουςplaceN2 APM · τόποςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οἰκοῦσινdwellV2 PAI3P · οἰκέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionοἰκέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
βοηθείτωσανlet them helpV2 PAD3P · βοηθέωimperatival verbal form directing an actionβοηθέω: meaning 'let them help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperatival verbal form directing an action.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δόσεσινgiftN3I DPF · δόσιςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationδόσις: meaning 'gift'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτηνῶνlivestockN3E GPN · κτῆνοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'livestock'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄλλοιςotherRD DPN · ἄλλοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordinationἄλλοις: meaning 'other'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εὐχὰςvotive offering / vowN1 APF · εὐχήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationεὐχή: meaning 'votive offering'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
προστεθειμένοιςadded besidesVT · χμπδπμ τίθημι + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionχμπδπμ τίθημι + προς: meaning 'added besides'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερὸνsacred / holyA1A ASN · ἱερόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
5
καὶ καταστάντες οἱ ἀρχίφυλοι τῶν πατριῶν τῆς Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν φυλῆς καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ πάντων ὧν ἤγειρεν κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἀναβῆναι οἰκοδομῆσαι οἶκον τῷ κυρίῳ τὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
Then the clan-chiefs of the fathers of Judah and Benjamin arose, together with the priests and the Levites and all whose spirit the Lord had stirred to go up and build a house for the Lord in Jerusalem.
The narrative shows the decree bearing fruit in stirred spirits and concrete movement toward Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταστάντεςhaving arisenVH · ααπνπμ ἵστημι + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'having arisen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχίφυλοιclan-chiefN2 NPM · ἀρχίφυλοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἀρχίφυλος: meaning 'clan-chief'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralN1A GPF · πατριάgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατριά: meaning 'of fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἤγειρενstirred upVAI AAI3S · ἀγείρωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἀγείρω: meaning 'stirred up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀναβῆναιἀναVB AAN · βαίνω + ἀναinfinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action→ theophany, trembling, and rejoicing trustβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'to build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
6
καὶ οἱ περικύκλῳ αὐτῶν ἐβοήθησαν ἐν πᾶσιν ἀργυρίῳ καὶ χρυσίῳ ἵπποις καὶ κτήνεσιν καὶ εὐχαῖς ὡς πλείσταις πολλῶν ὧν ὁ νοῦς ἠγέρθη
And those around them helped in every way with silver and gold, with horses and livestock, and with very many votive gifts, from all whose mind had been stirred.
Those remaining around the returnees materially strengthen the restoration effort.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περικύκλῳround about / surroundingD · περικύκλῳadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπερικύκλῳ: meaning 'round about'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐβοήθησανgave helpVCI API3P · βοάωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβοάω: meaning 'gave help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἵπποιςhorsesN2 DPM · ἵπποςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceἵππος: meaning 'horses'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κτήνεσινcattleN3E DPN · κτῆνοςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐχαῖςvotive offering / vowN1 DPF · εὐχήdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionεὐχή: meaning 'votive offering'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλείσταιςvery manyA1 DPFS · πολύςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationπολύς: meaning 'very many'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
πολλῶνmany / muchA1 GPN · πολύςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPN · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νοῦςmindN2C NSM · νοῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ correction, rule, and fear of man before Godνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἠγέρθηraises / liftsVCI API3S · ἐγείρωfinite verb advancing the clauseἐγείρω: meaning 'raises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
7
καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Κῦρος ἐξήνεγκεν τὰ ἱερὰ σκεύη τοῦ κυρίου ἃ μετήγαγεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἀπηρείσατο αὐτὰ ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ εἰδωλίῳ
And King Cyrus brought out the sacred vessels of the Lord that Nebuchadnezzar had carried away from Jerusalem and deposited in his own idol shrine.
Cyrus's favor is made tangible in the return of the temple vessels taken by Babylon.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΚῦροςCyrusN2 NSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚῦρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἐξήνεγκενbrought outVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερὰierosA1A APN · ἱερόςadjectival or ordinal modifierἱερός: meaning 'ieros'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
μετήγαγενhe carried awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + μεταfinite verb advancing the clauseἄγω + μετα: meaning 'he carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπηρείσατοset downVAI AMI3S · ἐρείδομαι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἐρείδομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'set down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὰitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
εἰδωλίῳidol shrineN2N DSN · εἰδωλεῖονdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationεἰδωλεῖον: meaning 'idol shrine'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
8
ἐξενέγκας δὲ αὐτὰ Κῦρος ὁ βασιλεὺς Περσῶν παρέδωκεν αὐτὰ Μιθριδάτῃ τῷ ἑαυτοῦ γαζοφύλακι διὰ δὲ τούτου παρεδόθησαν Σαναβασσάρῳ προστάτῃ τῆς Ιουδαίας
After bringing them out, Cyrus king of the Persians handed them over to Mithridates his treasurer, and through him they were delivered to Sanabassar, governor of Judea.
The sacred vessels pass through Persian administrative hands to Judah's governor.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐξενέγκαςhaving brought outVA · ααπνσμ φέρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσμ φέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'having brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὰitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΚῦροςCyrusN2 NSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚῦρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN GPM · Περσήςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὰitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΜιθριδάτῃMithridatesN1M DSM · Μιθραδάτηςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΜιθριδάτῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
γαζοφύλακιtreasurerN3K DSM · γαζοφύλαξdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationγαζοφύλαξ: meaning 'treasurer'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
παρεδόθησανwere handed overVCI API3P · δίδωμι + παραmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'were handed over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΣαναβασσάρῳSanabassarN2 DSM · Σαναβάσσαροςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect objectΣαναβασσάρῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
προστάτῃgovernorN1M DSM · προστάτηςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationπροστάτης: meaning 'governor'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
9
ὁ δὲ τούτων ἀριθμὸς ἦν σπονδεῖα χρυσᾶ χίλια σπονδεῖα ἀργυρᾶ χίλια θυίσκαι ἀργυραῖ εἴκοσι ἐννέα
And this was their number: one thousand golden libation bowls, one thousand silver libation bowls, and twenty-nine silver censers.
The numbered list formalizes the restitution and gives material specificity to restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
σπονδεῖαlibation bowlsN2N NPN · σπονδεῖονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemσπονδεῖον: meaning 'libation bowls'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C NPN · χρυσοῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
χίλιαthousandA1A NPN · χίλιοιnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ participant prominenceχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; it serves as numeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence.
σπονδεῖαlibation bowlsN2N NPN · σπονδεῖονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemσπονδεῖον: meaning 'libation bowls'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἀργυρᾶsilverA1C NPN · ἀργυροῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
χίλιαthousandA1A NPN · χίλιοιnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ participant prominenceχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; it serves as numeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence.
θυίσκαιcensersN1 NPF · θυΐσκηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemθυΐσκη: meaning 'censers'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἀργυραῖsilverA1C NPF · ἀργυροῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐννέαnineM · ἐννέαproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastἐννέα: meaning 'nine'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
10
φιάλαι χρυσαῖ τριάκοντα ἀργυραῖ δισχίλιαι τετρακόσιαι δέκα καὶ ἄλλα σκεύη χίλια
There were thirty golden bowls, two thousand four hundred ten silver bowls, and one thousand other vessels.
The listing continues to stress abundance and accountability in the returned vessels.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
φιάλαιbowlN1 NPF · φιάληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemφιάλη: meaning 'bowl'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
χρυσαῖgoldenA1C NPF · χρυσοῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἀργυραῖsilverA1C NPF · ἀργυροῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
δισχίλιαιtwo thousandA1A NPF · δισχίλιοιnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceδισχίλιοι: meaning 'two thousand'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τετρακόσιαιfour hundredA1A NPF · τετρακόσιοιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτετρακόσιοι: meaning 'four hundred'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄλλαotherA1 NPN · ἄλλοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἄλλα: meaning 'other'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκεύηimplementsN3E NPN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
χίλιαthousandA1A NPN · χίλιοιnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ participant prominenceχίλιοι: meaning 'thousand'; it serves as numeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence.
11
τὰ δὲ πάντα σκεύη διεκομίσθη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ πεντακισχίλια τετρακόσια ἑξήκοντα ἐννέα ἀνηνέχθη δὲ ὑπὸ Σαναβασσάρου ἅμα τοῖς ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος εἰς Ιεροσόλυμα
All the vessels transferred, both golden and silver, totaled five thousand four hundred sixty-nine; and these were brought up by Sanabassar together with those from the captivity from Babylon to Jerusalem.
The total gathers the inventory into a completed act of return from exile to Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
σκεύηimplementsN3E NPN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
διεκομίσθηwas transportedVSI API3S · κομίζω + διαmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκομίζω + δια: meaning 'was transported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C NPN · χρυσοῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργυρᾶsilverA1C NPN · ἀργυροῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
πεντακισχίλιαfive thousandA1A NPN · πεντακισχίλιοιnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπεντακισχίλιοι: meaning 'five thousand'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τετρακόσιαfour hundredA1A NPN · τετρακόσιοιnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceτετρακόσιοι: meaning 'four hundred'; it serves as numeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence.
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἑξήκοντα: meaning 'exekonta'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐννέαnineM · ἐννέαproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastἐννέα: meaning 'nine'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἀνηνέχθηwas brought upVQI API3S · φέρω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeφέρω + ἀνα: meaning 'was brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣαναβασσάρουSanabassarN2 GSM · Σαναβάσσαροςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣαναβασσάρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ἅμαat the same time / perhapsD · ἅμαadverb→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'at the same time'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivity / captivesN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive of source ('from Babylon')→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of source ('from Babylon').
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙεροσόλυμαJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΙεροσόλυμα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
12
ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἐπὶ Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως χρόνοις κατέγραψεν αὐτῷ κατὰ τῶν κατοικούντων ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ καὶ Ιερουσαλημ Βεσλεμος καὶ Μιθραδάτης καὶ Ταβελλιος καὶ Ραουμος καὶ Βεελτέεμος καὶ Σαμσαῖος ὁ γραμματεὺς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ τούτοις συντασσόμενοι οἰκοῦντες δὲ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τόποις τὴν ὑπογεγραμμένην ἐπιστολήν
Now in the days of Artaxerxes king of the Persians, Beslemus and Mithridates and Tabeellius and Rehum and Beelteemus and Shimshai the scribe, together with the rest associated with them, who lived in Samaria and the other places, wrote to him against those dwelling in Judea and Jerusalem the letter written below.
The chapter pivots from restoration under Cyrus to hostile petitioning under Artaxerxes.
Word-by-word analysis· 49 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἈρταξέρξου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN GPM · Περσήςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
χρόνοιςtimeN2 DPM · χρόνοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
κατέγραψενγραφω + καταVAI AAI3S · γράφω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseγράφω + κατα: meaning 'γραφω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικούντωνdwellingV2 · παπγπμ οἰκέω + καταmain verbal predicate→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ΒεσλεμοςBeslemusN NSM · Βεσλεμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΒεσλεμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜιθραδάτηςMithridatesN1M NSM · Μιθραδάτηςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΜιθραδάτης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΤαβελλιοςTabeelliusN NSM · Ταβελλιοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΤαβελλιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡαουμοςRehumN NSM · Ραουμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΡαουμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒεελτέεμοςBeelteemusN NSM · Βεελτέεμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΒεελτέεμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμσαῖοςShimshaiN NSM · Σαμσαῖοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣαμσαῖος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραμματεὺςscribeN3V NSM · γραμματεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγραμματεύς: meaning 'scribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
συντασσόμενοιassociated with themV1 · πμπνπμ τάσσω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπμπνπμ τάσσω + συν: meaning 'associated with them'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
οἰκοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaN1A DSF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΣαμαρείᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄλλοιςotherRD DPM · ἄλλοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ sexual fidelity and measured delightἄλλοις: meaning 'other'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
τόποιςplacesN2 DPM · τόποςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ law, judgment, and generosity to the poorτόπος: meaning 'places'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπογεγραμμένηνwritten belowVP · χμπασφ γράφω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionχμπασφ γράφω + ὑπο: meaning 'written below'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐπιστολήνletterN1 ASF · ἐπιστολήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἐπιστολή: meaning 'letter'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
13
βασιλεῖ Ἀρταξέρξῃ κυρίῳ οἱ παῖδές σου Ραουμος ὁ τὰ προσπίπτοντα καὶ Σαμσαῖος ὁ γραμματεὺς καὶ οἱ ἐπίλοιποι τῆς βουλῆς αὐτῶν κριταὶ οἱ ἐν Κοίλῃ Συρίᾳ καὶ Φοινίκῃ
'To King Artaxerxes our lord: your servants Rehum, the officer over submissions, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their council, the judges in Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.',
The accusers present themselves as loyal servants speaking from an imperial frontier setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἈρταξέρξῃArtaxerxesN1M DSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeἈρταξέρξῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδέςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΡαουμοςRehumN NSM · Ραουμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΡαουμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσπίπτονταmatters presentedV1 · παπαπν πίπτω + προςparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπαπν πίπτω + προς: meaning 'matters presented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμσαῖοςShimshaiN NSM · Σαμσαῖοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣαμσαῖος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραμματεὺςscribeN3V NSM · γραμματεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγραμματεύς: meaning 'scribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίλοιποιthe restA1B NPM · ἐπίλοιποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἐπίλοιπος: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλῆςcouncilN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'council'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κριταὶjudgeN1M NPM · κριτήςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΚοίλῃCoele-SyriaN1 DSF · Κοίληproper name anchoring the court, decree, or restoration settingΚοίλῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name anchoring the court, decree, or restoration setting.
ΣυρίᾳSyriaN1A DSF · Συρίαdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationΣυρίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦοινίκῃPhoeniciaN1 DSF · Φοινίκηgenitive (defining the kings: 'kings of Phoenicia')Φοινίκῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive (defining the kings: 'kings of Phoenicia').
14
καὶ νῦν γνωστὸν ἔστω τῷ κυρίῳ βασιλεῖ διότι οἱ Ιουδαῖοι ἀναβάντες παρ' ὑμῶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐλθόντες εἰς Ιερουσαλημ τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἀποστάτιν καὶ πονηρὰν οἰκοδομοῦσιν τάς τε ἀγορὰς αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ τείχη θεραπεύουσιν καὶ ναὸν ὑποβάλλονται
'And now let it be known to our lord the king that the Judeans who came up from you to us have come to Jerusalem, that rebellious and wicked city, and they are building its market-places, repairing the walls, and laying foundations for the temple.',
Jerusalem is characterized as rebellious, and rebuilding is described as a political threat.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνωστὸνknownA1 NSN · γνωστόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceγνωστός: meaning 'known'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἔστωbeV9 PAD3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαῖοιJudeanN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant identificationΙουδαῖοι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἀναβάντεςhaving come upVB · ααπνπμ βαίνω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνπμ βαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'having come up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
παρ'from / besideP · παράpreposition→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐλθόντεςgoing / having goneVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνπμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστάτινrebelliousN3I ASF · ἀποστάτιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἀποστάτις: meaning 'rebellious'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρὰνwickedA1A ASF · πονηρόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'wicked'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οἰκοδομοῦσινbuildV2 PAI3P · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ ongoing verbal processοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τάςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phraseτάς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεandX TEsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγορὰςmarket-placesN1A APF · ἀγοράaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἀγορά: meaning 'market-places'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςsubject of καθαιρεθῶσιν→ judgment emphasis within the oracleτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as subject of καθαιρεθῶσιν.
θεραπεύουσινrepairV1 PAI3P · θεραπεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ongoing verbal processθεραπεύω: meaning 'repair'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςgenitive dependent→ object specificationναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ὑποβάλλονταιare laying the foundation underV1 PMI3P · βάλλω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβάλλω + ὑπο: meaning 'are laying the foundation under'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
15
ἐὰν οὖν ἡ πόλις αὕτη οἰκοδομηθῇ καὶ τὰ τείχη συντελεσθῇ φορολογίαν οὐ μὴ ὑπομείνωσιν δοῦναι ἀλλὰ καὶ βασιλεῦσιν ἀντιστήσονται
'If, then, this city is built and the walls are completed, they will certainly not endure to pay tribute, but they will even resist kings.',
The letter argues that completed rebuilding will end tribute and produce resistance to imperial rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἰκοδομηθῇis builtVC APS3S · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ subjunctive contingencyοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'is built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallN3E NPN · τεῖχοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
συντελεσθῇτελεω + συνVS APS3S · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτελέω + συν: meaning 'τελεω + συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
φορολογίανtributeN1A ASF · φορολογίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalφορολογία: meaning 'tribute'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπομείνωσινendureVA AAS3P · μένω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ subjunctive contingencyμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'endure'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῦσινkingN3V DPM · βασιλεύςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ἀντιστήσονταιwill resistVF FMI3P · ἵστημι + ἀντιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'will resist'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
16
καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐνεργεῖται τὰ κατὰ τὸν ναόν καλῶς ἔχειν ὑπολαμβάνομεν μὴ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ τοιοῦτο ἀλλὰ προσφωνῆσαι τῷ κυρίῳ βασιλεῖ ὅπως ἂν φαίνηταί σοι ἐπισκεφθῇ ἐν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων σου βιβλίοις
'And since the matters concerning the temple are evidently being pressed forward, we think it improper to overlook such a thing, but rather to address our lord the king, so that, if it seems good to you, there may be an examination in the books of your fathers.',
The accusers urge archival investigation rather than immediate trust in Jerusalem's reconstruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεὶwhenC · ἐπείtemporal conjunction (introducing the time of the theophany)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπεὶ: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεργεῖταιis underwayV2 PMI3S · ἐργέω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἐργέω + ἐν: meaning 'is underway'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναόνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
καλῶςwellD · καλῶςadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastκαλῶς: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔχεινhaveV1 PAN · ἔχωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ infinitival complementἔχω: meaning 'have'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑπολαμβάνομενwe considerV1 PAI1P · λαμβάνω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionλαμβάνω + ὑπο: meaning 'we consider'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπεριδεῖνto overlookVB AAN · ὁράω + ὑπερmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionὁράω + ὑπερ: meaning 'to overlook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοιοῦτοsuchA1 ASN · τοιοῦτοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσφωνῆσαιto addressVA AAN · φωνέω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφωνέω + προς: meaning 'to address'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἂνthen / ifX · ἄνsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: meaning 'then'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
φαίνηταίit may appearV1 PMS3S · φαίνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφαίνω: meaning 'it may appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπισκεφθῇlet there be inspectionVV APS3S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'let there be inspection'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
βιβλίοιςbookN2N DPN · βιβλίονdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
17
καὶ εὑρήσεις ἐν τοῖς ὑπομνηματισμοῖς τὰ γεγραμμένα περὶ τούτων καὶ γνώσῃ ὅτι ἡ πόλις ἦν ἐκείνη ἀποστάτις καὶ βασιλεῖς καὶ πόλεις ἐνοχλοῦσα καὶ οἱ Ιουδαῖοι ἀποστάται καὶ πολιορκίας συνιστάμενοι ἐν αὐτῇ ἔτι ἐξ αἰῶνος δι' ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ ἡ πόλις αὕτη ἠρημώθη
'And you will find in the records what has been written about these things, and you will know that that city was rebellious, troubling kings and cities, and that the Judeans in it were rebels, stirring up sieges from ancient times; for this reason that city was laid waste.',
They claim the records will prove Jerusalem's long pattern of rebellion and sedition.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρήσειςyou will findVF FAI2S · εὑρίσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'you will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπομνηματισμοῖςrecordsN2 DPM · ὑπομνηματισμόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or locationὑπομνηματισμός: meaning 'records'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεγραμμέναwriteVP · χμπαπν γράφωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateχμπαπν γράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσῃknowVF FMI2S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ participant referenceἐκείνη: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
ἀποστάτιςrebellious one / rebel cityN3I NSF · ἀποστάτιςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceἀποστάτις: meaning 'rebellious one'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐνοχλοῦσαtroublingV2 · παπνσφ ὀχλέω + ἐνparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπνσφ ὀχλέω + ἐν: meaning 'troubling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαῖοιJudeanN2 NPM · Ἰουδαῖοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant identificationΙουδαῖοι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἀποστάταιrebelN1M NPM · ἀποστάτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceἀποστάτης: meaning 'rebel'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολιορκίαςsiegeN1A GSF · πολιορκίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionπολιορκία: meaning 'siege'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
συνιστάμενοιstirring upV6 · πμπνπμ ἵστημι + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπμπνπμ ἵστημι + συν: meaning 'stirring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
δι'through / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
αἰτίανcauseN1A ASF · αἰτίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationαἰτία: meaning 'cause'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἠρημώθηlay wasteVCI API3S · ἐρημόωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ constative aoristἐρημόω: meaning 'lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
18
νῦν οὖν ὑποδείκνυμέν σοι κύριε βασιλεῦ διότι ἐὰν ἡ πόλις αὕτη οἰκοδομηθῇ καὶ τὰ ταύτης τείχη ἀνασταθῇ κάθοδός σοι οὐκέτι ἔσται εἰς Κοίλην Συρίαν καὶ Φοινίκην
'Therefore we now point out to you, lord king, that if this city is built and its walls are raised up again, you will no longer have access to Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.'
The appeal culminates in a concrete warning about losing access to Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποδείκνυμένwe point outV5 PAI1P · δεικνύω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδεικνύω + ὑπο: meaning 'we point out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
βασιλεῦkingN3V VSM · βασιλεύςsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressβασιλεῦ: meaning 'king'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἰκοδομηθῇis builtVC APS3S · οἰκοδομέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ subjunctive contingencyοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'is built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τείχηwallN3E NPN · τεῖχοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἀνασταθῇare raised up againVC APS3S · ἵστημι + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'are raised up again'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κάθοδόςaccess / passageN2 NSF · κάθοδοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemκάθοδος: meaning 'access'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΚοίληνCoele-SyriaN1 ASF · Κοίληproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΚοίλην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ΣυρίανSyriaN1A ASF · Συρίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationΣυρίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦοινίκηνPhoeniciaN1 ASF · Φοινίκηproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΦοινίκην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
19
τότε ἀντέγραψεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ραούμῳ τῷ γράφοντι τὰ προσπίπτοντα καὶ Βεελτεέμῳ καὶ Σαμσαίῳ γραμματεῖ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς τοῖς συντασσομένοις καὶ οἰκοῦσιν ἐν τῇ Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ Συρίᾳ καὶ Φοινίκῃ τὰ ὑπογεγραμμένα
Then the king wrote back to Rehum, who wrote the petitions, and to Beelteemus and Shimshai the scribe and the rest associated with them and living in Samaria and Syria and Phoenicia, as follows:
The narrative shifts from accusation to the king's official written response.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἀντέγραψενwrote backVAI AAI3S · γράφω + ἀντιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionγράφω + ἀντι: meaning 'wrote back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΡαούμῳRehumN2 DSM · Ραούμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΡαούμῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γράφοντιwriteV1 · παπδσμ γράφωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπδσμ γράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσπίπτονταmatters presentedV1 · παπαπν πίπτω + προςparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπαπν πίπτω + προς: meaning 'matters presented'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒεελτεέμῳBeelteemusN2 DSM · Βεέλτεθμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΒεελτεέμῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμσαίῳShimshaiN2 DSM · Σαμσαίοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣαμσαίῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
γραμματεῖscribeN3V DSM · γραμματεύςdative in apposition to Σαφφαν (his office)→ sphere or referenceγραμματεύς: meaning 'scribe'; it serves as dative in apposition to Σαφφαν (his office).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιποῖςthe restA1 DPM · λοιπόςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντασσομένοιςsyntassomenoisV1 · πμπδπμ τάσσω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπμπδπμ τάσσω + συν: meaning 'syntassomenois'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκοῦσινdwellV2 · παπδπμ οἰκέωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationπαπδπμ οἰκέω: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaN1A DSF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΣαμαρείᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣυρίᾳSyriaN1A DSF · Συρίαdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationΣυρίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦοινίκῃPhoeniciaN1 DSF · Φοινίκηgenitive (defining the kings: 'kings of Phoenicia')Φοινίκῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive (defining the kings: 'kings of Phoenicia').
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπογεγραμμέναwritten belowVP · χμπαπν γράφω + ὑποparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceχμπαπν γράφω + ὑπο: meaning 'written below'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
20
ἀνέγνων τὴν ἐπιστολήν ἣν πεπόμφατε πρός με
'I have read the letter that you sent to me.',
Artaxerxes first confirms receipt and reading of the letter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἀνέγνωνI have readVZI AAI1S · γιγνώσκω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'I have read'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιστολήνletterN1 ASF · ἐπιστολήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἐπιστολή: meaning 'letter'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
πεπόμφατεhave sentVX XAI3S · πέμπωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπέμπω: meaning 'have sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
21
ἐπέταξα οὖν ἐπισκέψασθαι καὶ εὑρέθη ὅτι ἐστὶν ἡ πόλις ἐκείνη ἐξ αἰῶνος βασιλεῦσιν ἀντιπαρατάσσουσα καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἀποστάσεις καὶ πολέμους ἐν αὐτῇ συντελοῦντες
'So I ordered an investigation, and it was found that from ancient times that city has stood in opposition to kings, and the men there have carried out rebellions and wars.',
He reports that inquiry supports the charge of longstanding rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐπέταξαappoint / orderVAI AAI1S · τάσσω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandτάσσω + ἐπι: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισκέψασθαιto investigateVA AMN · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ infinitival complementσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'to investigate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρέθηfind / be foundVC API3S · εὑρίσκωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστὶνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίcopular verb in explanatory identification→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copular verb in explanatory identification.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ participant referenceἐκείνη: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
βασιλεῦσινkingN3V DPM · βασιλεύςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ἀντιπαρατάσσουσαstanding in oppositionV1 · παπνσφ τάσσω + ἀντι παραparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπνσφ τάσσω + ἀντι παρα: meaning 'standing in opposition'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποιmanN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἀποστάσειςrevoltN3I APF · ἀπόστασιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἀπόστασις: meaning 'revolt'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολέμουςwarN2 APM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συντελοῦντεςcarrying outV2 · παπνπμ τελέω + συνparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπνπμ τελέω + συν: meaning 'carrying out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
22
καὶ βασιλεῖς ἰσχυροὶ καὶ σκληροὶ ἦσαν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ κυριεύοντες καὶ φορολογοῦντες Κοίλην Συρίαν καὶ Φοινίκην
'And mighty and stern kings have been in Jerusalem, ruling and levying tribute from Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.',
The reply strengthens the case by recalling powerful Jerusalemite rule over the western provinces.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἰσχυροὶmighty ones / warriorsA1A NPM · ἰσχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκληροὶmighty / sternA1A NPM · σκληρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceσκληρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
κυριεύοντεςruleV1 · παπνπμ κυριεύωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ κυριεύω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φορολογοῦντεςlevy tributeV2 · παπνπμ φορολογέωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstanceπαπνπμ φορολογέω: meaning 'levy tribute'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
ΚοίληνCoele-SyriaN1 ASF · Κοίληproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΚοίλην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ΣυρίανSyriaN1A ASF · Συρίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationΣυρίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦοινίκηνPhoeniciaN1 ASF · Φοινίκηproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΦοινίκην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
23
νῦν οὖν ἐπέταξα ἀποκωλῦσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκείνους τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι τὴν πόλιν
'Therefore I have ordered that those men be stopped from building the city.',
The king therefore issues the direct order to halt the rebuilding of the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέταξαappoint / orderVAI AAI1S · τάσσω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandτάσσω + ἐπι: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ἀποκωλῦσαιto stop thoroughlyVA AAN · κωλύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκωλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'to stop thoroughly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπουςman / human beingN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκείνουςthatRD APM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination→ participant referenceἐκείνους: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, interrogation, or subordination.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto buildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'to build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
24
καὶ προνοηθῆναι ὅπως μηθὲν παρὰ ταῦτα γένηται καὶ μὴ προβῇ ἐπὶ πλεῖον τὰ τῆς κακίας εἰς τὸ βασιλεῖς ἐνοχλῆσαι
'And let care be taken that nothing further comes to pass beyond this, and that the mischief does not advance further so as to trouble kings.'
He adds a caution against any further escalation that might trouble kings.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προνοηθῆναιlet care be takenVC APN · νοέω + προmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionνοέω + προ: meaning 'let care be taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
μηθὲνnothing / no oneA3 ASN · μηδείςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationμηδείς: meaning 'nothing'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προβῇprobeVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + προmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβαίνω + προ: meaning 'probe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐπὶupon / overP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πλεῖονmoreA3C ASN · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαςevilN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκακία: meaning 'evil'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνοχλῆσαιenochlesaiVA AAN · ὀχλέω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionὀχλέω + ἐν: meaning 'enochlesai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
25
τότε ἀναγνωσθέντων τῶν παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀρταξέρξου γραφέντων ὁ Ραουμος καὶ Σαμσαῖος ὁ γραμματεὺς καὶ οἱ τούτοις συντασσόμενοι ἀναζεύξαντες κατὰ σπουδὴν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ μεθ' ἵππου καὶ ὄχλου παρατάξεως ἤρξαντο κωλύειν τοὺς οἰκοδομοῦντας
Then, when the writings sent by King Artaxerxes had been read, Rehum and Shimshai the scribe and those associated with them mounted up in haste to Jerusalem with cavalry and a battle-force, and they began to hinder the builders.
The officials act quickly and militarily to impose the royal decree in Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἀναγνωσθέντωνwhen ... had been readVS · αππγπμ γιγνώσκω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππγπμ γιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'when ... had been read'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰfrom / besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἈρταξέρξου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
γραφέντωνwriteVD · αππγπμ γράφωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionαππγπμ γράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡαουμοςRehumN2 NSM · Ραουμοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΡαουμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμσαῖοςShimshaiN2 NSM · Σαμσαῖοςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΣαμσαῖος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραμματεὺςscribeN3V NSM · γραμματεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγραμματεύς: meaning 'scribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τούτοιςtheseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
συντασσόμενοιassociated with themV1 · πμπνπμ τάσσω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπμπνπμ τάσσω + συν: meaning 'associated with them'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἀναζεύξαντεςhaving mounted upVA · ααπνπμ ζευγνύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνπμ ζευγνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'having mounted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σπουδὴνhasteN1 ASF · σπουδήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσπουδή: meaning 'haste'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἵππουhorseN2 GSM · ἵπποςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ wild creatures and limits of masteryἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄχλουοχλοςN2 GSM · ὄχλοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationὄχλος: meaning 'οχλος'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineN3I GSF · παράταξιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle-line'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἤρξαντοbegin / ruleVAI AMI3P · ἄρχωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristἄρχω: meaning 'begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
κωλύεινto hinderV1 PAN · κωλύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκωλύω: meaning 'to hinder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομοῦνταςthose buildingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκοδομέωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyπαπαπμ οἰκοδομέω: meaning 'those building'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
26
καὶ ἤργει ἡ οἰκοδομὴ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ μέχρι τοῦ δευτέρου ἔτους τῆς βασιλείας Δαρείου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως
And the building of the sanctuary in Jerusalem was halted until the second year of the reign of Darius king of the Persians.
The chapter closes with the sanctuary's construction stopped until Darius's second year.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤργειwas haltedV2I IAI3S · ἐργέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἐργέω: meaning 'was halted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομὴbuildingN1 NSF · οἰκοδομήnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceοἰκοδομή: meaning 'building'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦierosA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'ieros'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριconjunction (with οὗ: temporal 'until')→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρουsecondA1A GSN · δεύτεροςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἔτουςyearsN3E GSN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΔαρείου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN GPM · Περσήςproper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrativeΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the 1 Esdras Judah-exile-restoration narrative.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.