1
καὶ ἀναστὰς Εσδρας ἀπὸ τῆς αὐλῆς τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐπορεύθη εἰς τὸ παστοφόριον Ιωαναν τοῦ Ελιασιβου
And Esdras rose from the court of the temple and went into the chamber of Johanan son of Eliashib.
The chapter opens not with public command but with a private movement of grief. Ezra's withdrawal prepares the authority of the assembly that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστὰςhaving risenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀναparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'having risen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtN1 GSF · αὐλήgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦtempleA1A GSN · ἱερόςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐπορεύθηgoVCI API3S · πορεύομαιmovement predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as movement predicate.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παστοφόριονchamberN2N ASN · παστοφόριονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπαστοφόριον: meaning 'chamber'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙωανανJohananN GSM · Ἰωανάνproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωαναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕλιασιβουEliashibN GSM · Ἐλιάσιβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιασιβου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
2
καὶ αὐλισθεὶς ἐκεῖ ἄρτου οὐκ ἐγεύσατο οὐδὲ ὕδωρ ἔπιεν πενθῶν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνομιῶν τῶν μεγάλων τοῦ πλήθους
And lodging there, he tasted no bread and drank no water, mourning over the great lawless deeds of the multitude.
Bread and water are refused together, so the chapter's problem is treated liturgically as well as administratively.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐλισθεὶςhaving lodgedVS · αππνσμ αὐλίζωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionαππνσμ αὐλίζω: meaning 'having lodged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτουbreadN2 GSM · ἄρτοςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐγεύσατοtastedVAI AMI3S · γεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ royal discipline and the strong wifeγεύω: meaning 'tasted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἔπιενdrankVBI AAI3S · πίνωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseπίνω: meaning 'drank'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πενθῶνmourningV2 · παπνσμ πενθέωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ circumstanceπαπνσμ πενθέω: meaning 'mourning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ὑπὲρoverP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομιῶνlawless deedsN1A GPF · ἀνομίαgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawless deeds'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλωνgreatA1 GPF · μέγαςgenitival dependent within the phraseμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
3
καὶ ἐγένετο κήρυγμα ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ καὶ Ιερουσαλημ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας συναχθῆναι εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
And a proclamation went out through all Judea and Jerusalem that all from the captivity should gather in Jerusalem.
The proclamation widens the issue from Ezra's chamber to all Judea and Jerusalem; the whole restored community must answer.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κήρυγμαproclamationN3M NSN · κήρυγμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemκήρυγμα: meaning 'proclamation'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὅλῃwholeA1 DSF · ὅλοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivity / captivesN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
συναχθῆναιgather togetherVQ APN · ἄγω + συνinfinitive complement expressing purpose or content→ infinitival complementἄγω + συν: meaning 'gather together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement expressing purpose or content.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
4
καὶ ὅσοι ἂν μὴ ἀπαντήσωσιν ἐν δυσὶν ἢ τρισὶν ἡμέραις κατὰ τὸ κρίμα τῶν προκαθημένων πρεσβυτέρων ἀνιερωθήσονται τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν καὶ αὐτὸς ἀλλοτριωθήσεται ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας
And whoever should not appear within two or three days, according to the judgment of the presiding elders, their livestock would be forfeit, and the man himself would be excluded from the assembly of the captivity.
Property loss and exclusion show that this is not advisory reform. The community defends its boundaries by judicial means.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἂνeverX · ἄνsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαντήσωσινshould appearVA AAS3P · ἀντάω + ἀποimperative verb directing the next actionἀντάω + ἀπο: meaning 'should appear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb directing the next action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δυσὶνtwoM · δύοcardinal numeral, dativeδύο: meaning 'two'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἢorC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαkrimaN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'krima'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προκαθημένωνpresidingV5 · πμπγπμ ἧμαι + προ + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseπμπγπμ ἧμαι + προ + κατα: meaning 'presiding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πρεσβυτέρωνeldersN2 GPM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀνιερωθήσονταιshall be forfeitVC FPI3P · ἀνιερόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἀνιερόω: meaning 'shall be forfeit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηlivestockN3E NPN · κτῆνοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκτῆνος: meaning 'livestock'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe / she / itRD NSM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀλλοτριωθήσεταιshall be excludedVC FPI3S · ἀλλοτριόωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἀλλοτριόω: meaning 'shall be excluded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivity / captivesN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
5
καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν οἱ ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις εἰς Ιερουσαλημ οὗτος ὁ μὴν ἔνατος τῇ εἰκάδι τοῦ μηνός
And those from the tribe of Judah and Benjamin were gathered in Jerusalem within three days; it was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month.
The precise date underlines the historical seriousness of the convocation and the speed with which it is obeyed.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισυνήχθησανassembleVQI API3P · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ ingressive aorist passiveἄγω + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'assemble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴνmonthN3 NSM · μήνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴν: meaning 'month'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνατοςninthA1 NSM · ἔνατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἔνατος: meaning 'ninth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰκάδιtwentiethN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνόςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
6
καὶ συνεκάθισαν πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος ἐν τῇ εὐρυχώρῳ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τρέμοντες διὰ τὸν ἐνεστῶτα χειμῶνα
And all the multitude sat in the open court of the temple, trembling because of the present winter storm.
They tremble because of the storm, but the weather intensifies the felt gravity of the sin already named.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεκάθισανsat togetherVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + συν + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἵζω + συν + κατα: meaning 'sat together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐρυχώρῳopen courtA1B DSF · εὐρύχωροςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentεὐρύχωρος: meaning 'open court'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦtempleA1A GSN · ἱερόςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τρέμοντεςtremblingV1 · παπνπμ τρέμωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationπαπνπμ τρέμω: meaning 'trembling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνεστῶταpresentVXI XAPASMI(/STHMI · ἐνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionἐν: meaning 'present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
χειμῶναwinterN3W ASM · χειμώνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχειμών: meaning 'winter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
7
καὶ ἀναστὰς Εσδρας εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς ἠνομήσατε καὶ συνῳκίσατε γυναῖκας ἀλλογενεῖς τοῦ προσθεῖναι ἁμαρτίαν τῷ Ισραηλ
And Esdras stood up and said to them, You have acted lawlessly and have married foreign women, so as to add sin to Israel.
The sin is defined as covenantal contamination through foreign marriage, and the offense is presented as cumulative guilt laid upon Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστὰςhaving risenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀναparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'having risen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἠνομήσατεacted lawlesslyVAI AAI2P · ἀνομέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal actionἀνομέω: meaning 'acted lawlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνῳκίσατεmarriedVAI AAI2P · οἰκίζω + συνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseοἰκίζω + συν: meaning 'married'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignA3H APF · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσθεῖναιthey continued / did againVE AAN · τίθημι + προςmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: meaning 'they continued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἁμαρτίανsinN1A ASF · ἁμαρτίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
8
καὶ νῦν δότε ὁμολογίαν δόξαν τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν
And now give confession and glory to the Lord God of our fathers,
Repentance begins with owning God's verdict and restoring his honor before any practical remedy is enacted.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δότεgiveVO AAD2P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ὁμολογίανconfessionN1A ASF · ὁμολογίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὁμολογία: meaning 'confession'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
9
καὶ ποιήσατε τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ καὶ χωρίσθητε ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν τῶν ἀλλογενῶν
and do his will, and separate yourselves from the nations of the land and from the foreign women.
The will of God is specified as a boundary-making act. Repentance here is not inward feeling alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσατεdo / makeVA AAD2P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θέλημαwillN3M ASN · θέλημαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationθέλημα: meaning 'will'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χωρίσθητεseparate yourselvesVS APD2P · χωρίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseχωρίζω: meaning 'separate yourselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικῶνwomenN3K GPF · γυνήgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλογενῶνforeignA3H GPF · ἀλλογενήςgenitival dependent within the phraseἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
10
καὶ ἐφώνησαν ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ εἶπον μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ οὕτως ὡς εἴρηκας ποιήσομεν
And the whole multitude cried out and said with a loud voice, As you have spoken, so we will do.
The loud response signals unanimity at the level of principle even before the mechanics are worked out.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφώνησανcried outVAI AAI3P · φωνέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseφωνέω: meaning 'cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἅπανwholeA3P NSN · ἅπαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἅπας: meaning 'whole'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονsaidVBI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
μεγάλῃloudA1 DSF · μέγαςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'loud'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἴρηκαςyou have saidVX XAI2S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'you have said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ποιήσομενwe will doVF FAI1P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'we will do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
11
ἀλλὰ τὸ πλῆθος πολὺ καὶ ἡ ὥρα χειμερινή καὶ οὐκ ἰσχύομεν στῆναι αἴθριοι καὶ οὐχ εὕρομεν καὶ τὸ ἔργον ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμέρας μιᾶς οὐδὲ δύο ἐπὶ πλεῖον γὰρ ἡμάρτομεν ἐν τούτοις
But the multitude is large, and it is a wintry season, and we are not able to stand in the open air; and this matter is not for one day or two, for we have sinned greatly in these things.
Their reply does not reject Ezra's demand; it argues that widespread guilt and bad weather require sustained adjudication.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολὺlargeA1P NSN · πολύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'large'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὥραseasonN1A NSF · ὥραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceὥρα: meaning 'season'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
χειμερινήwintryA1 NSF · χειμερινόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemχειμερινός: meaning 'wintry'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἰσχύομενwe are ableV1 PAI1P · ἰσχύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἰσχύω: meaning 'we are able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
στῆναιto standVH AAN · ἵστημιinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementἵστημι: meaning 'to stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
αἴθριοιin the open airA1B NPM · αἴθριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemαἴθριος: meaning 'in the open air'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὕρομενwe have foundVB AAI1P · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ aoristic eventεὑρίσκω: meaning 'we have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονmatterN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'matter'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μιᾶςoneA1A GSF · εἷςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'one'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or coordinated items→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλεῖονmoreA3C ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμάρτομενwe have sinnedVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ constative aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'we have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τούτοιςthese thingsRD DPN · οὗτοςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestτούτοις: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
12
στήτωσαν δὲ οἱ προηγούμενοι τοῦ πλήθους καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐκ τῶν κατοικιῶν ἡμῶν ὅσοι ἔχουσιν γυναῖκας ἀλλογενεῖς παραγενηθήτωσαν λαβόντες χρόνον
Let therefore the leaders of the multitude stand by, and let all in our settlements who have foreign wives come at appointed times,
Leadership is localized and scheduled. The reform will proceed case by case rather than by uncontrolled panic.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
στήτωσανlet standVH AAD3P · ἵστημιimperative verb directing the next action→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἵστημι: meaning 'let stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb directing the next action.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προηγούμενοιpmpnpm egeomai + proV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαι + προparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseπμπνπμ ἡγέομαι + προ: meaning 'pmpnpm egeomai + pro'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial modifier qualifying the surrounding clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικιῶνsettlementsN1A GPF · κατοικίαgenitival dependent within the phraseκατοικία: meaning 'settlements'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔχουσινhavingV1 PAI3P · ἔχωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignA3H APF · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complement.
παραγενηθήτωσανlet comeVC APD3P · γίγνομαι + παραfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseγίγνομαι + παρα: meaning 'let come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
λαβόντεςtakingVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ constative aorist participleααπνπμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'taking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
13
καὶ ἑκάστου δὲ τόπου τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους καὶ τοὺς κριτὰς ἕως τοῦ λῦσαι τὴν ὀργὴν τοῦ κυρίου ἀφ' ἡμῶν τοῦ πράγματος τούτου
and with them the elders and judges of each place, until the wrath of the Lord over this matter is turned away from us.
The goal is explicitly theological: to turn away divine wrath by orderly judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκάστουeachA1 GSM · ἕκαστοςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόπουplace / siteN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςelderN2 APM · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριτὰςjudgeN1M APM · κριτήςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λῦσαιto turn awayVA AAN · λύωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementλύω: meaning 'to turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργὴνwith angerN1 ASF · ὀργήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πράγματοςmatter / thingN3M GSN · πρᾶγμαcommon noun within the clause→ participantπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matter'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
14
Ιωναθας Αζαηλου καὶ Ιεζιας Θοκανου ἐπεδέξαντο κατὰ ταῦτα καὶ Μοσολλαμος καὶ Λευις καὶ Σαββαταιος συνεβράβευσαν αὐτοῖς
Jonathan son of Azael and Jahzeias son of Thekanus undertook the matter accordingly, and Mosollamus and Levis and Sabbathaeus supported them.
The notice of supporters and undertakers shows that the reform is institutionally carried, not merely rhetorically desired.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ΙωναθαςJonathanN NSM · Ἰωνάθαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωναθας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑζαηλουAzaelN GSM · Ἀζάηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑζαηλου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεζιαςJeziasN1T NSM · Ιεζιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΙεζιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΘοκανουThekanusN GSM · Θοκᾶνοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΘοκανου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ἐπεδέξαντοundertookVAI AMI3P · δέχομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseδέχομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'undertook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜοσολλαμοςMosollamosN NSM · Μοσολλαμοςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΜοσολλαμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛευιςLevisN NSM · Λευίςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΛευις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαββαταιοςSabbataiosN NSM · Σαββαταιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαββαταιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
συνεβράβευσανsupportedVAI AAI3P · βραβεύω + συνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseβραβεύω + συν: meaning 'supported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
15
καὶ ἐποίησαν κατὰ πάντα ταῦτα οἱ ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας
And those of the captivity did in every respect according to these things.
The returned exiles move from resolution to compliance, confirming that the assembly's plan is accepted.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivity / captivesN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
16
καὶ ἐπελέξατο ἑαυτῷ Εσδρας ὁ ἱερεὺς ἄνδρας ἡγουμένους τῶν πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατ' ὄνομα πάντας καὶ συνεκάθισαν τῇ νουμηνίᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δεκάτου ἐτάσαι τὸ πρᾶγμα
And Esdras the priest selected for himself men, leaders of ancestral houses, all of them by name, and they sat down on the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.
The named heads of families give the proceedings formal legitimacy and administrative reach.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπελέξατοselectedVAI AMI3S · λέγω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist middleλέγω + ἐπι: meaning 'selected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἑαυτῷhimselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'himself'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἡγουμένουςegeomaiV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'egeomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατριῶνfather-house / clanN1A GPF · πατριάgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπατριά: meaning 'father-house'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependent→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier or resumptive dependent.
κατ'according toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεκάθισανsat togetherVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + συν + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἵζω + συν + κατα: meaning 'sat together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νουμηνίᾳnew moonN1A DSF · νουμηνίαcommon noun within the clauseνουμηνία: meaning 'new moon'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεκάτουtenthA1 GSM · δέκατοςgenitival dependent within the phraseδέκατος: meaning 'tenth'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐτάσαιto examineVA AAN · ἐτάζωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complementἐτάζω: meaning 'to examine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρᾶγμαmatter / thingN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matter'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
17
καὶ ἤχθη ἐπὶ πέρας τὰ κατὰ τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς ἐπισυνέχοντας γυναῖκας ἀλλογενεῖς ἕως τῆς νουμηνίας τοῦ πρώτου μηνός
And the matter concerning the men who had retained foreign wives was brought to completion by the first day of the first month.
The calendar markers show patient, extended adjudication rather than a symbolic gesture.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤχθηwas broughtVQ API3S · ἄγωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἄγω: meaning 'was brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πέραςcompletionN3T ASN · πέραςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπέρας: meaning 'completion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισυνέχονταςretainingV1 · παπαπμ ἔχω + ἐπι + συνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπαπμ ἔχω + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'retaining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignA3H APF · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complement.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νουμηνίαςnew moonN1A GSF · νουμηνίαgenitival dependent within the phraseνουμηνία: meaning 'new moon'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSM · πρῶτοςgenitival dependent within the phraseπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
μηνόςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
18
καὶ εὑρέθησαν τῶν ἱερέων οἱ ἐπισυναχθέντες ἀλλογενεῖς γυναῖκας ἔχοντες
And among the priests there were found those who had taken foreign women and were holding them.
Judgment begins with the cultic leadership, making clear that holiness failures had reached the sanctuary itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρέθησανeyriskoVC API3P · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'eyrisko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισυναχθέντεςwho had taken inVQ · αππνπμ ἄγω + ἐπι + συνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionαππνπμ ἄγω + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'who had taken in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignA3H APF · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complement.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἔχοντεςholdingV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ contemporaneous present participleπαπνπμ ἔχω: meaning 'holding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
19
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν Μασηας καὶ Ελεαζαρος καὶ Ιωριβος καὶ Ιωδανος
From the sons of Jeshua son of Josedek and from his brothers: Maaseiah, Eleazar, Joribus, and Joadanus.
The prominence of Jeshua's line sharpens the seriousness of the breach: even the leading priestly family is implicated.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἸησοῦJoshuaN GSM · Ἰησοῦςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationἸησοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωσεδεκJozadakN GSM · Ιωσεδεκnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωσεδεκ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΜασηαςMaaseiahN NSM · Μασηαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜασηας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαροςEleazarN NSM · Ελεαζαροςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλεαζαρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωριβοςJoribusN NSM · Ιωριβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωριβος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωδανοςJoadanusN NSM · Ιωδανοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωδανος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
20
καὶ ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐκβαλεῖν τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν καὶ εἰς ἐξιλασμὸν κριοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀγνοίας αὐτῶν
And they pledged their hands to put away their wives, and for atonement they offered rams for their ignorance.
The laying on of hands binds the practical dismissal of the wives to sacrificial acknowledgment of guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέβαλονlaidVBI AAI3P · βάλλω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'laid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐκβαλεῖνto put awayVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐκinfinitive complement expressing purpose or content→ appointed times and creaturely limitsβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'to put away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement expressing purpose or content.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐξιλασμὸνatonementN2 ASM · ἐξιλασμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἐξιλασμός: meaning 'atonement'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κριοὺςramsN2 APM · κριόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκριός: meaning 'rams'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὑπὲρoverP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγνοίαςignoranceN1A GSF · ἄγνοιαgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἄγνοια: meaning 'ignorance'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
21
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Εμμηρ Ανανιας καὶ Ζαβδαιος καὶ Μανης καὶ Σαμαιος καὶ Ιιηλ καὶ Αζαριας
And from the sons of Emmer: Ananias, Zabdaios, Manes, Samaios, Jeiel, and Azarias.
The list is deliberately concrete; repentance is documented family by family rather than generalized.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΕμμηρEmmerN GSM · Εμμηρproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause→ participant identificationΕμμηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑνανιαςHananiahN1T NSM · Ανανιαςnominative term in clause/list→ participant identificationΑνανιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term in clause/list.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβδαιοςZabdaiosN NSM · Ζαβδαιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΖαβδαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜανηςManesN NSM · Μανηςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜανης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαιοςSamaiosN NSM · Σαμαιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαμαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙιηλJeielN NSM · Ιιηλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑζαριαςAzariasN1T NSM · Αζαριαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΑζαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
22
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Φαισουρ Ελιωναις Μασσιας Ισμαηλος καὶ Ναθαναηλος καὶ Ωκιδηλος καὶ Σαλθας
And from the sons of Phaisour: Elionais, Massias, Ishmael, Nathanael, Okidelos, and Salthas.
The catalog continues to show that the compromise was structurally deep, not isolated.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΦαισουρPhaisourN GSM · Φαισουρproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΦαισουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕλιωναιςElionaisN NSM · Ελιωναιςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιωναις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜασσιαςMassiasN1T NSM · Μασσιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜασσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσμαηλοςIshmaelN NSM · Ισμαηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙσμαηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαθαναηλοςNathanaelN NSM · Ναθαναηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΝαθαναηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΩκιδηλοςOkidelosN NSM · Ωκιδηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΩκιδηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαλθαςSalthasN NSM · Σαλθαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαλθας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
23
καὶ ἐκ τῶν Λευιτῶν Ιωζαβδος καὶ Σεμεϊς καὶ Κωλιος οὗτος Καλιτας καὶ Παθαιος καὶ Ωουδας καὶ Ιωανας
And from the Levites: Jozabdos, Semeis, Kolios, who is Kalitas, Pathaios, Oudas, and Joanas.
The spread from priests to Levites confirms that the entire cultic order required cleansing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΛευιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΙωζαβδοςJozabdosN NSM · Ιωζαβδοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωζαβδος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣεμεϊςSemeisN NSM · Σεμεϊςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣεμεϊς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚωλιοςKoliosN NSM · Κωλιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΚωλιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΚαλιταςKalitasN NSM · Καλιταςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΚαλιτας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΠαθαιοςPathaiosN NSM · Παθαιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΠαθαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΩουδαςOudasN NSM · Ωουδαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΩουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωαναςJoanasN NSM · Ιωαναςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωανας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
24
ἐκ τῶν ἱεροψαλτῶν Ελιασιβος Βακχουρος
From the temple singers: Eliasibos and Bacchouros.
Even those charged with praise are not exempt from the chapter's demand for holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροψαλτῶνtemple-singerN1M GPM · ἱεροψάλτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱεροψάλτης: meaning 'temple-singer'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
ΕλιασιβοςEliasibosN NSM · Ελιασιβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιασιβος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΒακχουροςBacchourosN NSM · Βακχουροςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΒακχουρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
25
ἐκ τῶν θυρωρῶν Σαλλουμος καὶ Τολβανης
From the gatekeepers: Salloumos and Tolbanes.
The sanctuary staff as a whole stands under the same covenant scrutiny.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρωρῶνgatekeepersN2 GPM · θύρωροςgenitival dependent within the phraseθύρωρος: meaning 'gatekeepers'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΣαλλουμοςSalloumosN NSM · Σαλλουμοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαλλουμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΤολβανηςTolbanesN NSM · Τολβανηςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΤολβανης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
26
ἐκ τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Φορος Ιερμας καὶ Ιεζιας καὶ Μελχιας καὶ Μιαμινος καὶ Ελεαζαρος καὶ Ασιβιας καὶ Βανναιας
From Israel, from the sons of Phoros: Jermas, Jezias, Melchias, Miaminos, Eleazar, Asibias, and Bannaias.
The problem is communal, so the list now names lay families as well.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΦοροςPhorosN GSM · Φοροςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΦορος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ΙερμαςJermasN NSM · Ιερμαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙερμας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεζιαςJeziasN1T NSM · Ιεζιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΙεζιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜελχιαςMelchiasN1T NSM · Μελχιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜελχιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜιαμινοςMiaminosN NSM · Μιαμινοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜιαμινος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαροςEleazarN NSM · Ελεαζαροςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλεαζαρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσιβιαςAsibiasN1T NSM · Ασιβιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΑσιβιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒανναιαςBannaiasN1T NSM · Βανναιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΒανναιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
27
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ηλαμ Ματανιας καὶ Ζαχαριας Ιεζριηλος καὶ Ωβαδιος καὶ Ιερεμωθ καὶ Ηλιας
And from the sons of Elam: Matanias, Zacharias, Jezrielos, Obadios, Jeremoth, and Elias.
The repetition of family formulas gives the register juridical clarity and cumulative force.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΗλαμElamN GSM · Ηλαμnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΗλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ΜατανιαςMataniasN1T NSM · Ματανιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜατανιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαχαριαςZechariahN1T NSM · Ζαχαριαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖαχαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙεζριηλοςJezrielosN NSM · Ιεζριηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙεζριηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΩβαδιοςObadiosN NSM · Ωβαδιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΩβαδιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερεμωθJeremothN NSM · Ιερεμωθproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙερεμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗλιαςEliasN1T NSM · Ηλιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΗλιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
28
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ζαμοθ Ελιαδας Ελιασιμος Οθονιας Ιαριμωθ καὶ Σαβαθος καὶ Ζερδαιας
And from the sons of Zamoth: Eliadas, Eliasimos, Othonias, Jarimoth, Sabathos, and Zerdaias.
The unadorned sequence keeps attention on accountability rather than narrative embellishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΖαμοθZamothN GSM · Ζαμοθproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΖαμοθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕλιαδαςEliadasN NSM · Ελιαδαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιαδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕλιασιμοςEliasimosN NSM · Ελιασιμοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιασιμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΟθονιαςOthoniasN1T NSM · Οθονιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟθονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙαριμωθIarimothN NSM · Ιαριμωθproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙαριμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαβαθοςSabathosN NSM · Σαβαθοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαβαθος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖερδαιαςZerdaiasN1T NSM · Ζερδαιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖερδαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
29
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Βηβαι Ιωαννης καὶ Ανανιας καὶ Ζαβδος καὶ Εμαθις
And from the sons of Bebai: Joannes, Ananias, Zabdaios, and Emathis.
The pattern remains the same: named persons under a shared communal verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΒηβαιBebaiN GSM · Βηβαιnominal term functioning as a nominal termΒηβαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ΙωαννηςJoannesN NSM · Ιωαννηςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωαννης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑνανιαςHananiahN1T NSM · Ανανιαςnominative term in clause/list→ participant identificationΑνανιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term in clause/list.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβδοςZabdosN NSM · Ζαβδοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΖαβδος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕμαθιςEmathisN NSM · Εμαθιςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕμαθις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
30
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Μανι Ωλαμος Μαμουχος Ιεδαιος Ιασουβος καὶ Ασαηλος καὶ Ιερεμωθ
And from the sons of Mani: Olamos, Mamouchos, Jedaios, Jasoubos, Asaelos, and Jeremoth.
The extended register underscores how broad the reform's reach had to be.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΜανιManiN GSM · Μανιproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜανι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΩλαμοςOlamosN NSM · Ωλαμοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΩλαμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜαμουχοςMamouchosN NSM · Μαμουχοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜαμουχος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙεδαιοςJedaiosN NSM · Ιεδαιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙεδαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙασουβοςJasoubosN NSM · Ιασουβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙασουβος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσαηλοςAsaelosN NSM · Ασαηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑσαηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερεμωθJeremothN NSM · Ιερεμωθproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙερεμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
31
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Αδδι Νααθος καὶ Μοοσσιας Λακκουνος καὶ Ναϊδος καὶ Βεσκασπασμυς καὶ Σεσθηλ καὶ Βαλνουος καὶ Μανασσηας
And from the sons of Addi: Naathos, Moossias, Lakkounos, Naidos, Beskaspasmys, Sesthel, Balnouos, and Manasseas.
Lengthy name-clusters preserve the memory that repentance was not abstract but attached to households.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑδδιAddiN GSM · Αδδιproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑδδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΝααθοςNaathosN NSM · Νααθοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΝααθος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜοοσσιαςMoossiasN1T NSM · Μοοσσιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜοοσσιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΛακκουνοςLakkounosN NSM · Λακκουνοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΛακκουνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαϊδοςNaidosN NSM · Ναϊδοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΝαϊδος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒεσκασπασμυςBeskaspasmysN NSM · Βεσκασπασμυςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΒεσκασπασμυς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣεσθηλSesthelN NSM · Σεσθηλproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣεσθηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒαλνουοςBalnouosN NSM · Βαλνουοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΒαλνουος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜανασσηαςManasseasN NSM · Μανασσήαςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜανασσηας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
32
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ανναν Ελιωνας καὶ Ασαιας καὶ Μελχιας καὶ Σαββαιας καὶ Σιμων Χοσαμαιος
And from the sons of Annan: Elionas, Asaias, Melchias, Sabbaias, Simon, and Chosamaios.
The ongoing repetition reinforces the administrative thoroughness of Ezra's inquiry.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑννανAnnanN GSM · Αννανproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑνναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕλιωναςElionasN NSM · Ελιωναςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιωνας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσαιαςAsaiasN1T NSM · Ασαιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΑσαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜελχιαςMelchiasN1T NSM · Μελχιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜελχιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαββαιαςSabbaiasN1T NSM · Σαββαιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΣαββαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣιμωνSimonN NSM · Σιμωνproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣιμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΧοσαμαιοςChosamaiosN NSM · Χοσαμαιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΧοσαμαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
33
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ασομ Μαλτανναιος καὶ Ματταθιας καὶ Σαβανναιους καὶ Ελιφαλατ καὶ Μανασσης καὶ Σεμεϊ
And from the sons of Asom: Maltannaios, Mattathias, Sabannaious, Eliphalat, Manasses, and Semei.
The chapter continues to insist on particularity: each compromised house is brought into the light.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑσομAsomN GSM · Ασομproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑσομ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜαλτανναιοςMaltannaiosN NSM · Μαλτανναιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜαλτανναιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜατταθιαςMattithiahN1T NSM · Ματταθιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜατταθιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαβανναιουςSabannaiousN NSM · Σαβανναιουςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαβανναιους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιφαλατEliphalatN NSM · Ελιφαλατproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιφαλατ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣεμεϊShimeiN NSM · Σεμεϊname-item in the genealogical registerΣεμεϊ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
34
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Βαανι Ιερεμιας Μομδιος Μαηρος Ιουηλ Μαμδαι καὶ Πεδιας καὶ Ανως Καραβασιων καὶ Ελιασιβος καὶ Μαμνιταναιμος Ελιασις Βαννους Ελιαλις Σομεϊς Σελεμιας Ναθανιας καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Εζωρα Σεσσις Εζριλ Αζαηλος Σαματος Ζαμβρις Ιωσηπος
And from the sons of Baani: Jeremias, Momdios, Maeros, Jouel, Mamdai, Pedias, Anos, Karabasion, Eliasibos, Mamnitanaimos, Eliasis, Bannous, Elialis, Someis, Selemias, and Nathanias; and from the sons of Ezora: Sessis, Ezril, Azaelos, Samatos, Zambris, and Josepos.
The density of names makes visible how far the compromise had spread and how painstaking the remedy had to be.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΒαανιBaaniN GSM · Βαανιproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause→ participant identificationΒαανι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙερεμιαςJeremiahN1T NSM · Ἰερεμίαςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΙερεμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ΜομδιοςMomdiosN NSM · Μομδιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜομδιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜαηροςMaerosN NSM · Μαηροςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜαηρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙουηλJoelN NSM · Ιουηλproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙουηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜαμδαιMamdaiN NSM · Μαμδαιproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜαμδαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΠεδιαςPediasN1T NSM · Πεδιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΠεδιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑνωςAnosN NSM · Ανωςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑνως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΚαραβασιωνKarabasionN NSM · Καραβασιωνproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΚαραβασιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιασιβοςEliasibosN NSM · Ελιασιβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιασιβος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜαμνιταναιμοςMamnitanaimosN NSM · Μαμνιταναιμοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜαμνιταναιμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕλιασιςEliasisN NSM · Ελιασιςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιασις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΒαννουςBannousN NSM · Βαννουςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΒαννους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕλιαλιςElialisN NSM · Ελιαλιςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕλιαλις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΣομεϊςSomeisN NSM · Σομεϊςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣομεϊς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΣελεμιαςSelemiasN1T NSM · Σελεμιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΣελεμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΝαθανιαςNethaniahN1T NSM · Ναθανιαςnominative term in clause/listΝαθανιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term in clause/list.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΕζωραEzoraN GSM · Εζωραproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕζωρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΣεσσιςSessisN NSM · Σεσσιςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣεσσις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕζριλEzrilN NSM · Εζριλproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΕζριλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑζαηλοςAzaelosN NSM · Αζαηλοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑζαηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΣαματοςSamatosN NSM · Σαματοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαματος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΖαμβριςZambrisN NSM · Ζαμβριςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΖαμβρις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙωσηποςJoseposN NSM · Ιωσηποςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωσηπος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
35
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Νοομα Μαζιτιας Ζαβαδαιας Ηδαις Ιουηλ Βαναιας
And from the sons of Nooma: Mazitias, Zabadaias, Edais, Jouel, and Banaias.
The roll approaches its end with one final named household, bringing the record to completion.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΝοομαNoomaN GSM · Νοομαproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΝοομα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜαζιτιαςMazitiasN1T NSM · Μαζιτιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜαζιτιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΖαβαδαιαςZabadaiasN1T NSM · Ζαβαδαιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖαβαδαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΗδαιςEdaisN NSM · Ηδαιςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΗδαις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙουηλJoelN NSM · Ιουηλproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙουηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΒαναιαςBenaiahN1T NSM · Βαναιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΒαναιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
36
πάντες οὗτοι συνῴκισαν γυναῖκας ἀλλογενεῖς καὶ ἀπέλυσαν αὐτὰς σὺν τέκνοις
All these had lived with foreign women, and they sent them away with their children.
The summary converts the long list into an enacted outcome: separation reaches even to the households' children.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
συνῴκισανlived withVAI AAI3P · οἰκίζω + συνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseοἰκίζω + συν: meaning 'lived with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignA3H APF · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέλυσανsent awayVAI AAI3P · λύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τέκνοιςchildrenN2N DPN · τέκνονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
37
καὶ κατῴκησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ νουμηνίᾳ τοῦ ἑβδόμου μηνός καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἐν ταῖς κατοικίαις αὐτῶν
And the priests and the Levites and those from Israel settled in Jerusalem and in the country; and on the new moon of the seventh month the sons of Israel were in their settlements.
The chapter shifts into seventh-month material that parallels Nehemiah 7-8, moving from purification to restored common life.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατῴκησανthey dweltVAI AAI3P · οἰκέω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist indicative summaryοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'they dwelt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώρᾳland / regionN1A DSF · χώραdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceχώρα: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νουμηνίᾳnew moonN1A DSF · νουμηνίαcommon noun within the clauseνουμηνία: meaning 'new moon'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμουseventhA1 GSM · ἕβδομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ relational specificationἕβδομος: meaning 'seventh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μηνόςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικίαιςsettlementsN1A DPF · κατοικίαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceκατοικία: meaning 'settlements'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
38
καὶ συνήχθη πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐπὶ τὸ εὐρύχωρον τοῦ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς τοῦ ἱεροῦ πυλῶνος
And the whole multitude gathered with one accord in the open court by the east gate of the temple.
After the earlier judicial gathering, a second gathering now forms around Torah rather than adjudication.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήχθηgatheredVQI API3S · ἄγω + συνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἄγω + συν: meaning 'gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐρύχωρονopen courtA1B ASN · εὐρύχωροςaccusative element functioning as object or goalεὐρύχωρος: meaning 'open court'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἀνατολὰςeastN1 APF · ἀνατολήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦtempleA1A GSM · ἱερόςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἱερός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
πυλῶνοςgateN3W GSM · πυλώνgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπυλών: meaning 'gate'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
39
καὶ εἶπον Εσδρα τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ καὶ ἀναγνώστῃ κομίσαι τὸν νόμον Μωυσέως τὸν παραδοθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ
And they told Esdras the high priest and reader to bring the law of Moses that had been handed down by the Lord God of Israel.
The initiative comes from the assembly itself. Covenant renewal now centers on hearing what the Lord gave through Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονsaidVBI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ΕσδραEsdrasN DSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termΕσδρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχιερεῖhigh priestN3V DSM · ἀρχιερεύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentἀρχιερεύς: meaning 'high priest'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγνώστῃreaderN1M DSM · ἀναγνώστηςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀναγνώστης: meaning 'reader'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
κομίσαιto bringVA AAN · κομίζωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complementκομίζω: meaning 'to bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΜωυσέωςMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΜωυσέως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραδοθένταhanded downVC · αππασμ δίδωμι + παραparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionαππασμ δίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'handed down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
40
καὶ ἐκόμισεν Εσδρας ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς τὸν νόμον παντὶ τῷ πλήθει ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικὸς καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀκοῦσαι τοῦ νόμου νουμηνίᾳ τοῦ ἑβδόμου μηνός
And Esdras the high priest brought the law before the whole assembly, from man to woman, and before all the priests, to hear the law on the new moon of the seventh month.
The stress on men and women and hearing-priests shows the comprehensiveness of the reading event.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκόμισενbroughtVAI AAI3S · κομίζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseκομίζω: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχιερεὺςhigh priestN3V NSM · ἀρχιερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemἀρχιερεύς: meaning 'high priest'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναικὸςwomanN3K GSF · γυνήgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀκοῦσαιto hearVA AAN · ἀκούωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementἀκούω: meaning 'to hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
νουμηνίᾳnew moonN1A DSF · νουμηνίαcommon noun within the clauseνουμηνία: meaning 'new moon'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμουseventhA1 GSM · ἕβδομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ relational specificationἕβδομος: meaning 'seventh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μηνόςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
41
καὶ ἀνεγίγνωσκεν ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ πυλῶνος εὐρυχώρῳ ἀπὸ ὄρθρου ἕως μεσημβρινοῦ ἐνώπιον ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ γυναικῶν καὶ ἐπέδωκαν πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος τὸν νοῦν εἰς τὸν νόμον
And he was reading aloud in the open court before the temple gate from dawn until midday, in the presence of men and women; and the whole multitude gave attention to the law.
The people do not merely gather; they give their mind to the law, so hearing becomes interpretive receptivity.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεγίγνωσκενwas reading aloudV1I IAI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'was reading aloud'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦtempleA1A GSN · ἱερόςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
πυλῶνοςgateN3W GSM · πυλώνgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationπυλών: meaning 'gate'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
εὐρυχώρῳopen courtA1B DSN · εὐρύχωροςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceεὐρύχωρος: meaning 'open court'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὄρθρουdawnN2 GSM · ὄρθροςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεσημβρινοῦmiddayA1 GSM · μεσημβρινόςgenitival dependent within the phraseμεσημβρινός: meaning 'midday'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρῶνof menN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of men'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τεandX TEsubstantival or adjectival term contributing the clause content→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileτε: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναικῶνwomenN3K GPF · γυνήgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'women'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι + ἐπι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νοῦνattentionN2C ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationνοῦς: meaning 'attention'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
42
καὶ ἔστη Εσδρας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἀναγνώστης τοῦ νόμου ἐπὶ τοῦ ξυλίνου βήματος τοῦ κατασκευασθέντος
And Esdras the priest and reader of the law stood upon the wooden platform that had been constructed.
The wooden platform gives liturgical visibility to the act of reading; Torah is publicly elevated among the restored community.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστηstoodVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγνώστηςreaderN1M NSM · ἀναγνώστηςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀναγνώστης: meaning 'reader'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξυλίνουwoodenA1 GSN · ξύλινοςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationξύλινος: meaning 'wooden'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
βήματοςplatformN3M GSN · βῆμαgenitival dependent within the phraseβῆμα: meaning 'platform'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατασκευασθέντοςconstructedVS · αππγσν σκευάζω + καταparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionαππγσν σκευάζω + κατα: meaning 'constructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
43
καὶ ἔστησαν παρ' αὐτῷ Ματταθιας Σαμμους Ανανιας Αζαριας Ουριας Εζεκιας Βααλσαμος ἐκ δεξιῶν
And standing beside him on the right were Mattathias, Sammous, Ananias, Azarias, Ourias, Hezekias, and Baalsamos,
The named attendants lend solemnity and public validation to the reading scene.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal element advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
παρ'from / besideP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ΜατταθιαςMattithiahN1T NSM · Ματταθιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜατταθιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΣαμμουςSammousN NSM · Σαμμουςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαμμους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑνανιαςHananiahN1T NSM · Ανανιαςnominative term in clause/list→ participant identificationΑνανιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term in clause/list.
ΑζαριαςAzariasN1T NSM · Αζαριαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΑζαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΟυριαςOuriasN1T NSM · Ουριαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΟυριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΕζεκιαςEzekiasN1T NSM · Εζεκιαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΕζεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΒααλσαμοςBaalsamosN NSM · Βααλσαμοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΒααλσαμος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δεξιῶνrightA1A GPM · δεξιόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
44
καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Φαδαιος Μισαηλ Μελχιας Λωθασουβος Ναβαριας Ζαχαριας
and on the left were Phadaios, Misael, Melchias, Lothasoubos, Nabarias, and Zacharias.
The balanced arrangement frames Ezra's reading as an ordered covenant assembly rather than a private performance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εὐωνύμωνleftA1B GPM · εὐώνυμοςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationεὐώνυμος: meaning 'left'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΦαδαιοςPhadaiosN NSM · Φαδαιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΦαδαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜισαηλMisaelN NSM · Μισαηλproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause→ participant identificationΜισαηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΜελχιαςMelchiasN1T NSM · Μελχιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΜελχιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΛωθασουβοςLothasoubosN NSM · Λωθασουβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΛωθασουβος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΝαβαριαςNabariasN1T NSM · Ναβαριαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΝαβαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΖαχαριαςZechariahN1T NSM · Ζαχαριαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΖαχαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
45
καὶ ἀναλαβὼν Εσδρας τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου ἐνώπιον τοῦ πλήθους προεκάθητο γὰρ ἐπιδόξως ἐνώπιον πάντων
And Esdras, having taken up the book of the law before the multitude, was seated prominently in the sight of all.
Visibility matters: the book is taken up before all, making the act of reading a communal spectacle of authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναλαβὼνhaving taken upVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀναparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ lawsuit, hiddenness, and risky hopeααπνσμ λαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'having taken up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονbookN2N ASN · βιβλίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
προεκάθητοwas seatedV1I IMI3S · ἧμαι + προ + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἧμαι + προ + κατα: meaning 'was seated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιδόξωςprominentlyD · ἐπιδόξωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clauseἐπιδόξως: meaning 'prominently'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
46
καὶ ἐν τῷ λῦσαι τὸν νόμον πάντες ὀρθοὶ ἔστησαν καὶ εὐλόγησεν Εσδρας τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ὑψίστῳ θεῷ σαβαωθ παντοκράτορι
And when he opened the law, they all stood upright, and Esdras blessed the Lord God Most High, the God of hosts, the Almighty.
The people's posture and Ezra's doxology together mark Torah hearing as worship, not mere information transfer.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λῦσαιto turn awayVA AAN · λύωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementλύω: meaning 'to turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὀρθοὶuprightA1 NPM · ὀρθόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemὀρθός: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal element advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησενblessVA AAI3S · εὐλογέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal term→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ὑψίστῳMost HighA1 DSM · ὕψιστοςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σαβαωθSabaothN SABAWQproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause→ failed cultivation and prophetic judgmentσαβαωθ: meaning 'Sabaoth'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
παντοκράτοριAlmightyN3R DSM · παντοκράτωρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
47
καὶ ἐπεφώνησεν πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος αμην καὶ ἄραντες ἄνω τὰς χεῖρας προσπεσόντες ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν προσεκύνησαν τῷ κυρίῳ
And the whole multitude cried out, Amen; and lifting up their hands on high and falling to the ground, they worshiped the Lord.
Amen, raised hands, prostration, and worship show the law's hearing producing liturgical assent.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεφώνησενcried outVAI AAI3S · φωνέω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseφωνέω + ἐπι: meaning 'cried out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αμηνamenI · ἀμήνproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseἀμήν: meaning 'amen'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄραντεςlifting upVA · ααπνπμ αἴρωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionααπνπμ αἴρω: meaning 'lifting up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἄνωanoD · ἄνωadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'ano'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
προσπεσόντεςfalling downVB · ααπνπμ πίπτω + προςparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionααπνπμ πίπτω + προς: meaning 'falling down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
προσεκύνησανworshipVAI AAI3P · κυνέω + προςfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
48
Ἰησοῦς καὶ Αννιουθ καὶ Σαραβιας Ιαδινος Ιακουβος Σαββαταιος Αυταιας Μαιαννας καὶ Καλιτας Αζαριας καὶ Ιωζαβδος Ανανιας Φαλιας οἱ Λευῖται ἐδίδασκον τὸν νόμον κυρίου καὶ πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος ἀνεγίνωσκον τὸν νόμον τοῦ κυρίου ἐμφυσιοῦντες ἅμα τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν
Jeshua, Anniouth, Sarabias, Jadinos, Jakoubos, Sabbathaeus, Auteias, Maiannas, Kalitas, Azarias, Jozabdos, Ananias, and Phalias, the Levites, were teaching the law of the Lord, and they were reading the law of the Lord to the multitude while explaining the reading at the same time.
The reading is accompanied by explanation, so understanding becomes part of covenant restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ἸησοῦςJeshuaN NSM · Ἰησοῦςnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationἸησοῦς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑννιουθAnniouthN NSM · Αννιουθproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑννιουθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαραβιαςSarabiasN1T NSM · Σαραβιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΣαραβιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙαδινοςJadinosN NSM · Ιαδινοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙαδινος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΙακουβοςJakoubosN NSM · Ιακουβοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙακουβος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΣαββαταιοςSabbataiosN NSM · Σαββαταιοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΣαββαταιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑυταιαςAuteiasN1T NSM · Αυταιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΑυταιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΜαιανναςMaiannasN NSM · Μαιανναςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΜαιαννας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚαλιταςKalitasN NSM · Καλιταςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΚαλιτας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑζαριαςAzariasN1T NSM · Αζαριαςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant identificationΑζαριας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωζαβδοςJozabdosN NSM · Ιωζαβδοςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΙωζαβδος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΑνανιαςHananiahN1T NSM · Ανανιαςnominative term in clause/list→ participant identificationΑνανιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term in clause/list.
ΦαλιαςPhaliasN1T NSM · Φαλιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΦαλιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐδίδασκονteachV1I IAI3P · διδάσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδιδάσκω: meaning 'teach'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀνεγίνωσκονwere reading aloudV1I IAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'were reading aloud'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐμφυσιοῦντεςexplainingV4 · παπνπμ φυσιόω + ἐνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπνπμ φυσιόω + ἐν: meaning 'explaining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἅμαat the same timeD · ἅμαadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'at the same time'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνάγνωσινreadingN3I ASF · ἀνάγνωσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀνάγνωσις: meaning 'reading'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
49
καὶ εἶπεν Ατταρατης Εσδρα τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ καὶ ἀναγνώστῃ καὶ τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς διδάσκουσι τὸ πλῆθος ἐπὶ πάντας
And Attarates said to Esdras the high priest and reader and to the Levites who were teaching the multitude, addressing all of them,
The reaction to the law is grief, but the interpreters redirect that grief toward a holy response rather than despair.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΑτταρατηςAttaratesN NSM · Ατταρατηςproper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clauseΑτταρατης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic list or narrative clause.
ΕσδραEsdrasN DSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termΕσδρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχιερεῖhigh priestN3V DSM · ἀρχιερεύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentἀρχιερεύς: meaning 'high priest'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγνώστῃreaderN1M DSM · ἀναγνώστηςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀναγνώστης: meaning 'reader'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesN1M DPM · Λευείτηςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ participant identificationΛευίταις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διδάσκουσιteachingV1 · παπδπμ διδάσκωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπδπμ διδάσκω: meaning 'teaching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
50
ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ἐστὶν ἁγία τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ πάντες ἔκλαιον ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι τοῦ νόμου
This day is holy to the Lord; and all were weeping as they heard the law.
Tears are appropriate to conviction, yet the day itself belongs to the Lord and therefore cannot end in unrelieved sorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὕτηthis / theseRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐστὶνisV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἁγίαholyA1A NSF · ἅγιοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ nations judged and zion securedἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἔκλαιονwere weepingV1I IAI3P · κλαίωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκλαίω: meaning 'were weeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκοῦσαιto hearVA AAN · ἀκούωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementἀκούω: meaning 'to hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
51
βαδίσαντες οὖν φάγετε λιπάσματα καὶ πίετε γλυκάσματα καὶ ἀποστείλατε ἀποστολὰς τοῖς μὴ ἔχουσιν
So go your way, eat rich foods and drink sweet drinks, and send portions to those who have nothing.
Rich food and distributed portions turn restored understanding into communal joy and generosity.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
βαδίσαντεςgo on your wayVA · ααπνπμ βαδίζωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionααπνπμ βαδίζω: meaning 'go on your way'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνinferential particle→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὖν: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγετεeatVB AAD2P · ἐσθίωimperative verb directing the next action→ verbal action or stateἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb directing the next action.
λιπάσματαrich foodsN3M APN · λίπασμαaccusative element functioning as object or goalλίπασμα: meaning 'rich foods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίετεdrinkVB AAD2P · πίνωimperative verb directing the next action→ verbal action or stateπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb directing the next action.
γλυκάσματαsweet drinksN3M APN · γλύκασμαaccusative element functioning as object or goalγλύκασμα: meaning 'sweet drinks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστείλατεsendVA AAD2P · στέλλω + ἀποimperative verb directing the next action→ verbal action or stateστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative verb directing the next action.
ἀποστολὰςportionsN1 APF · ἀποστολήaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀποστολή: meaning 'portions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχουσινhavingV1 · παπδπμ ἔχωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπδπμ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
52
ἁγία γὰρ ἡ ἡμέρα τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ μὴ λυπεῖσθε ὁ γὰρ κύριος δοξάσει ὑμᾶς
For the day is holy to the Lord, and do not grieve, for the Lord will glorify you.
The Greek promise that the Lord will glorify them casts festival joy as divine vindication, not mere mood management.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἁγίαholyA1A NSF · ἅγιοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ nations judged and zion securedἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυπεῖσθεgrieveV2 PMD2P · λυπέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form presenting the action as ongoing or imperfectiveλυπέω: meaning 'grieve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γὰρforX · γάρconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
δοξάσειwill glorifyVF FAI3S · δοξάζωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ futureδοξάζω: meaning 'will glorify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
53
καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἐκέλευον τῷ δήμῳ παντὶ λέγοντες ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ἁγία μὴ λυπεῖσθε
And the Levites kept exhorting all the people, saying, This day is holy; do not grieve.
Teaching continues beyond explanation of the text into shepherding the people's emotional response.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐκέλευονkept exhortingV1I IAI3P · κελεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseκελεύω: meaning 'kept exhorting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δήμῳpeopleN2 DSM · δῆμοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentδῆμος: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὕτηthis / theseRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἁγίαholyA1A NSF · ἅγιοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ nations judged and zion securedἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυπεῖσθεgrieveV2 PMD2P · λυπέωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form presenting the action as ongoing or imperfectiveλυπέω: meaning 'grieve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
54
καὶ ᾤχοντο πάντες φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν καὶ εὐφραίνεσθαι καὶ δοῦναι ἀποστολὰς τοῖς μὴ ἔχουσιν καὶ εὐφρανθῆναι μεγάλως
And they all went away to eat and drink and rejoice and to send portions to those who had nothing, and to rejoice greatly,
Understanding issues in enacted gladness and provision for others; the community is re-knit through shared celebration.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾤχοντοwent awayV1I IMI3P · οἴχομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processοἴχομαι: meaning 'went away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
φαγεῖνto eatVB AAN · ἐσθίωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementἐσθίω: meaning 'to eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιεῖνto drinkVB AAN · πίνωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementπίνω: meaning 'to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφραίνεσθαιto rejoiceV1 PMN · εὐφραίνωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementεὐφραίνω: meaning 'to rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
ἀποστολὰςportionsN1 APF · ἀποστολήaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀποστολή: meaning 'portions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχουσινhavingV1 · παπδπμ ἔχωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπδπμ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθῆναιto rejoiceVC APN · εὐφραίνωinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement→ appointed times and creaturely limitsεὐφραίνω: meaning 'to rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal complement.
μεγάλωςgreatlyD · μεγάλωςadverbial or discourse particle shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμεγάλως: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
55
ὅτι καὶ ἐνεφυσιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασιν οἷς ἐδιδάχθησαν καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν
because they were inspired by the words in which they had been instructed, and they had gathered together.
The chapter closes by tying celebration to comprehension: the people are strengthened because the taught words have actually reached them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεφυσιώθησανwere inspiredVCI API3P · φυσιόω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseφυσιόω + ἐν: meaning 'were inspired'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήμασινwordsN3M DPN · ῥῆμαdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
οἷςwhichRR DPN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐδιδάχθησανwere taughtVQI API3P · διδάσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ prayer for wisdom and royal vocationδιδάσκω: meaning 'were taught'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισυνήχθησανhad gatheredVQ API3P · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clauseἄγω + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'had gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.