1
καὶ μεταγενέστερος τούτων βασιλεύοντος Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ Περσῶν βασιλέως προσέβη Εσδρας Σαραιου τοῦ Εζεριου τοῦ Χελκιου τοῦ Σαλημου
And after these things, when Artaxerxes king of the Persians was reigning, Esdras son of Seraiah, son of Azariah, son of Hilkiah, son of Shallum,
The chapter turns from earlier restoration material to Ezra himself, beginning with a priestly genealogy under Artaxerxes' reign.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μεταγενέστεροςlaterA3H NSMC · μεταγενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termμεταγενής: rendered here as 'later' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τούτωνthis / theseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
βασιλεύοντοςreigningV1 · παπγσμ βασιλεύωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseβασιλεύω: rendered here as 'reign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentArtaxerxes: the Persian king whose decree authorizes Ezra's journey, funds the temple, and frames the chapter's first major movement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentPersians: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
προσέβηcome up / approachVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + προςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβαίνω + προς: rendered here as 'come up / approach' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Ἔσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
ΣαραιουSeraiahN GSM · Σαραιάnominal term functioning as a nominal termSeraiah: an ancestral priestly name in Ezra's Aaronide genealogy, used to establish legitimate descent.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΕζεριουAzariahN1T GSM · Ἐζερίαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentAzariah: an ancestral priestly name in Ezra's genealogy, one link in the line proving Ezra's cultic standing.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΧελκιουHilkiahN1T GSM · Χελκείαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentHilkiah: an ancestral priestly name in Ezra's genealogy, preserved here as part of the high-priestly chain.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΣαλημουShallumN GSM · Σάλημοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termShallum: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
2
τοῦ Σαδδουκου τοῦ Αχιτωβ τοῦ Αμαριου τοῦ Οζιου τοῦ Βοκκα τοῦ Αβισουε τοῦ Φινεες τοῦ Ελεαζαρ τοῦ Ααρων τοῦ πρώτου ἱερέως
son of Zadok, son of Ahitub, son of Amariah, son of Uzzi, son of Bukki, son of Abishua, son of Phinehas, son of Eleazar, son of Aaron the first priest.
The pedigree continues backward through the high-priestly line until it reaches Aaron, establishing Ezra's cultic legitimacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΣαδδουκουZadokN GSM · Σάδδουκοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termZadok: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΑχιτωβAhitubN GSM · Αχιτωβnominal term functioning as a nominal termAhitub: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΑμαριουAmariahN1T GSM · Ἀμαρίαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentAmariah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΟζιουUzziN1T GSM · Ὀζείαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentUzzi: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΒοκκαBukkiN GSM · Βοκκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termBukki: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΑβισουεAbishuaN GSM · Αβισουεnominal term functioning as a nominal termAbishua: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΦινεεςPhinehasN GSM · Φινεεςnominal term functioning as a nominal termPhinehas: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarN GSM · Ελεαζαρnominal term functioning as a nominal termEleazar: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΑαρωνAaronN GSM · Ἀαρώνnominal term functioning as a nominal termAaron: the first priest and fountainhead of Israel's priestly office, the terminus of Ezra's genealogy.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSM · πρῶτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπρῶτος: rendered here as 'first' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἱερέωςpriestN3V GSM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
3
οὗτος Εσδρας ἀνέβη ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος ὡς γραμματεὺς εὐφυὴς ὢν ἐν τῷ Μωυσέως νόμῳ τῷ ἐκδεδομένῳ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ Ισραηλ
This Esdras came up from Babylon as a skillful scribe in the law of Moses, which had been given by the God of Israel.
The narrative shifts from lineage to vocation: Ezra is marked out as a learned scribe formed by the Mosaic law.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οὗτοςthis / theseRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβαίνω + ἀνα: rendered here as 'went up' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentBabylon: the Mesopotamian starting point of Ezra's ascent and the eastern center from which both people and resources are gathered.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
γραμματεὺςscribeN3V NSM · γραμματεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termγραμματεύς: rendered here as 'scribe' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εὐφυὴςskillfulA3H NSM · εὐφυήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termεὐφυής: rendered here as 'skillful' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseεἰμί: rendered here as 'παπνσμ εἰμί' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΜωυσέωςMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentMoses: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐκδεδομένῳgive forthVM · χμπδσμ δίδωμι + ἐκparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseδίδωμι + ἐκ: rendered here as 'give forth' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
4
καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ βασιλεὺς δόξαν εὑρόντος χάριν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἀξιώματα αὐτοῦ
And the king gave him honor, since he had found favor before him in regard to all his requests.
Because Ezra has found favor before the king, imperial honor becomes the practical means by which the mission can proceed.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δόξανhonorN1S ASF · δόξαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementδόξα: rendered here as 'honor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εὑρόντοςfindVB · ααπγσμ εὑρίσκωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseεὑρίσκω: rendered here as 'find' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχάρις: rendered here as 'favor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐπὶon / at / overP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀξιώματαrequestN3M APN · ἀξίωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀξίωμα: rendered here as 'request' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
5
καὶ συνανέβησαν ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ Λευιτῶν καὶ ἱεροψαλτῶν καὶ θυρωρῶν καὶ ἱεροδούλων εἰς Ιεροσόλυμα ἔτους ἑβδόμου βασιλεύοντος Ἀρταξέρξου ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ μηνί οὗτος ἐνιαυτὸς ἕβδομος τῷ βασιλεῖ
And with him went up to Jerusalem, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes' reign, some of the sons of Israel and of the priests and Levites and temple singers and gatekeepers and temple-servants, in the fifth month, that being the seventh year of the king.
The account broadens from Ezra alone to the caravan that accompanies him, naming the principal temple-serving groups among the returnees.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
συνανέβησανgo up withVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + συν + ἀναfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβαίνω + συν + ἀνα: rendered here as 'go up with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentLevite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἱεροψαλτῶνtemple-singerN1M GPM · ἱεροψάλτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱεροψάλτης: a temple singer attached to sanctuary service.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
θυρωρῶνgatekeeperN2 GPM · θυρωρόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθυρωρός: a gatekeeper responsible for controlled access and order at the sanctuary.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἱεροδούλωνtemple-servantN2 GPM · ἱερόδουλοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερόδουλος: a temple-servant assigned to practical work in aid of the sanctuary and Levites.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙεροσόλυμαJerusalemN ASF · Ιερουσολημnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἔτος: rendered here as 'year' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑβδόμουseventhA1 GSN · ἕβδομοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἕβδομος: rendered here as 'seventh' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
βασιλεύοντοςreigningV1 · παπγσμ βασιλεύωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseβασιλεύω: rendered here as 'reign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentArtaxerxes: the Persian king whose decree authorizes Ezra's journey, funds the temple, and frames the chapter's first major movement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πέμπτῳfifthA1 DSM · πέμπτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementπέμπτος: rendered here as 'fifth' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μηνίmonthN3 DSM · μήνnominal term functioning as a dative complementμήν: rendered here as 'month' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οὗτοςthis / theseRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐνιαυτὸςyearN2 NSM · ἐνιαυτόςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἐνιαυτός: rendered here as 'year' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἕβδομοςseventhA1 NSM · ἕβδομοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἕβδομος: rendered here as 'seventh' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
6
ἐξελθόντες γὰρ ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος τῇ νουμηνίᾳ τοῦ πρώτου μηνὸς ἐν τῇ νουμηνίᾳ τοῦ πέμπτου μηνὸς παρεγένοντο εἰς Ιεροσόλυμα κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῖς εὐοδίαν παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἐπ' αὐτῷ
For having set out from Babylon on the new moon of the first month, they arrived at Jerusalem on the new moon of the fifth month, with the good journey granted to them by the Lord upon him.
The travel dates underscore the length of the journey, while the last clause attributes its success to the Lord's guiding hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐξελθόντεςgo outVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἔρχομαι + ἐκ: rendered here as 'go out' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentBabylon: the Mesopotamian starting point of Ezra's ascent and the eastern center from which both people and resources are gathered.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νουμηνίᾳnew moonN1A DSF · νουμηνίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementνουμηνία: rendered here as 'new moon' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSM · πρῶτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπρῶτος: rendered here as 'first' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentμήν: rendered here as 'month' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νουμηνίᾳnew moonN1A DSF · νουμηνίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementνουμηνία: rendered here as 'new moon' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πέμπτουfifthA1 GSM · πέμπτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπέμπτος: rendered here as 'fifth' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentμήν: rendered here as 'month' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παρεγένοντοarriveVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαι + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι + παρα: rendered here as 'arrive' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙεροσόλυμαJerusalemN ASF · Ιερουσολημnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δοθεῖσανgiveVC · αππασφ δίδωμιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εὐοδίανgood journeyN1A ASF · εὐοδίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementεὐοδία: a prosperous road or successful journey; here it summarizes the Lord's providential guidance over the caravan.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSN · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
7
ὁ γὰρ Εσδρας πολλὴν ἐπιστήμην περιεῖχεν εἰς τὸ μηδὲν παραλιπεῖν τῶν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου κυρίου καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐντολῶν διδάξαι τὸν πάντα Ισραηλ πάντα τὰ δικαιώματα καὶ τὰ κρίματα
For Esdras possessed great knowledge, omitting nothing from the law of the Lord and from the commandments, but teaching all Israel all the ordinances and judgments.
This explanatory verse justifies both the king's confidence and Ezra's teaching role by stressing his comprehensive knowledge of the Torah.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
πολλὴνgreatA1 ASF · πολύςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπολύς: rendered here as 'great' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιστήμηνknowledgeN1 ASF · ἐπιστήμηnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐπιστήμη: rendered here as 'knowledge' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
περιεῖχενpossessV1I IAI3S · ἔχω + περιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔχω + περι: rendered here as 'possess' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μηδὲνno one / nothingA3P ASN · μηδείςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementμηδείς: rendered here as 'no one / nothing' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παραλιπεῖνomitVB AAN · λείπω + παραinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentλείπω + παρα: rendered here as 'omit' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐντολῶνcommandmentN1 GPF · ἐντολήnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἐντολή: rendered here as 'commandment' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
διδάξαιteachVA AAN · διδάσκωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδιδάσκω: rendered here as 'teach' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δικαιώματαstatuteN3M APN · δικαίωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementδικαίωμα: rendered here as 'statute' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κρίματαjudgmentN3M APN · κρίμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκρίμα: rendered here as 'judgment' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
8
προσπεσόντος δὲ τοῦ γραφέντος προστάγματος παρὰ Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ βασιλέως πρὸς Εσδραν τὸν ἱερέα καὶ ἀναγνώστην τοῦ νόμου κυρίου οὗ ἐστιν ἀντίγραφον τὸ ὑποκείμενον
Now when the written decree from Artaxerxes the king had been presented to Esdras the priest and reader of the law of the Lord, the following is its copy:
The narrative pauses to present the royal letter in full, formally embedding the imperial authorization inside the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
προσπεσόντοςpresent / fall beforeVB · ααπγσν πίπτω + προςparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseπίπτω + προς: rendered here as 'present / fall before' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γραφέντοςwriteVD · αππγσν γράφωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseγράφω: rendered here as 'write' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
προστάγματοςdecreeN3M GSN · πρόσταγμαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπρόσταγμα: rendered here as 'decree' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentArtaxerxes: the Persian king whose decree authorizes Ezra's journey, funds the temple, and frames the chapter's first major movement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΕσδρανEsdrasN ASM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέαpriestN3V ASM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀναγνώστηνreaderN1M GSM · ἀναγνώστηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀναγνώστης: literally a reader, but here a public reader and interpreter of the law, effectively Ezra's scribal title.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'be' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀντίγραφονcopyN2N NSN · ἀντίγραφονnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀντίγραφον: a written copy or transcript; it formally introduces the royal decree embedded in the narrative.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὑποκείμενονstand below / followV5 · πμπνσν κεῖμαι + ὑποparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseκεῖμαι + ὑπο: rendered here as 'stand below / follow' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
9
βασιλεὺς Ἀρταξέρξης Εσδρα τῷ ἱερεῖ καὶ ἀναγνώστῃ τοῦ νόμου κυρίου χαίρειν
King Artaxerxes to Esdras the priest and reader of the law of the Lord: greetings.
The decree opens in conventional letter form, identifying both sender and recipient before the commands themselves begin.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἈρταξέρξηςArtaxerxesN NSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςnominal term functioning as a nominal termArtaxerxes: the Persian king whose decree authorizes Ezra's journey, funds the temple, and frames the chapter's first major movement.
ΕσδραEsdrasN DSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερεῖpriestN3V DSM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀναγνώστῃreaderN1M DSM · ἀναγνώστηςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀναγνώστης: literally a reader, but here a public reader and interpreter of the law, effectively Ezra's scribal title.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χαίρεινgreetings / rejoiceV1 PAN · χαίρωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentχαίρω: rendered here as 'greetings / rejoice' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
10
καὶ τὰ φιλάνθρωπα ἐγὼ κρίνας προσέταξα τοὺς βουλομένους ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν Ιουδαίων αἱρετίζοντας καὶ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ τῶν Λευιτῶν καὶ τῶν δὲ ἐν τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ βασιλείᾳ συμπορεύεσθαί σοι εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
Having judged the humane course, I have ordered that all who are willing from the nation of the Jews, and from the priests and Levites in my kingdom, and who choose to go with you, should travel to Jerusalem.
Artaxerxes first grants free permission for Jews, priests, and Levites in his realm to accompany Ezra to Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
φιλάνθρωπαhumane thingsA1B APN · φιλάνθρωποςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementφιλάνθρωπος: rendered here as 'humane things' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
κρίναςjudgeVA · ααπνσμ κρίνωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseκρίνω: rendered here as 'judge' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
προσέταξαorderVAI AAI1S · τάσσω + προςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτάσσω + προς: rendered here as 'order' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βουλομένουςwishV1 · πμπαπμ βούλομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseβούλομαι: rendered here as 'wish' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙουδαίωνJewsN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentJews: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
αἱρετίζονταςchooseV1 · παπαπμ αἱρετίζωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseαἱρετίζω: rendered here as 'choose' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentLevite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡμετέρᾳourA1A DSF · ἡμέτεροςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementἡμέτερος: rendered here as 'our' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαnominal term functioning as a dative complementβασιλεία: rendered here as 'kingdom' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
συμπορεύεσθαίtravel withV1 PMN · πορεύομαι + συνinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentπορεύομαι + συν: rendered here as 'travel with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
11
ὅσοι οὖν ἐνθυμοῦνται συνεξορμάτωσαν καθάπερ δέδοκται ἐμοί τε καὶ τοῖς ἑπτὰ φίλοις συμβουλευταῖς
Therefore let as many as are minded to do so set out together, just as it has been decided by me and by my seven counselor-friends,
The invitation is not private whim but a decision backed by the king together with his seven advisers.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνnominal term functioning as a nominal termtherefore: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐνθυμοῦνταιresolveV4 PMI3P · θυμόω + ἐνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionθυμόω + ἐν: rendered here as 'resolve' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
συνεξορμάτωσανset out togetherV3 PAD3P · ὁρμάω + συν + ἐκfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionὁρμάω + συν + ἐκ: rendered here as 'set out together' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καθάπερjust asD · καθάπερadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
δέδοκταιseem / be decidedVK XMI3S · δοκέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδοκέω: rendered here as 'seem / be decided' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάnominal term functioning as a nominal termseven: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementφίλος: rendered here as 'friend' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
συμβουλευταῖςcounselorN1M DPM · συμβουλευτήςnominal term functioning as a dative complementσυμβουλευτής: rendered here as 'counselor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
12
ὅπως ἐπισκέψωνται τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ιουδαίαν καὶ Ιερουσαλημ ἀκολούθως ᾧ ἔχει ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ κυρίου
so that they may inspect the affairs of Judea and Jerusalem in accordance with what stands in the law of the Lord,
Ezra's mission is judicial and religious: he is to inspect Judea and Jerusalem according to the Lord's law.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐπισκέψωνταιinspectVA AMS3P · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: rendered here as 'inspect' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙουδαίανJudeaN1A ASF · Ἰουδαίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementJudea: the land whose affairs Ezra is commissioned to inspect according to the Lord's law.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
ἀκολούθωςin accordance withD · ἀκολούθωςadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ᾧwho / whomRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἔχειhave / standV1 PAI3S · ἔχωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔχω: rendered here as 'have / stand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
13
καὶ ἀπενεγκεῖν δῶρα τῷ κυρίῳ τοῦ Ισραηλ ἃ ηὐξάμην ἐγώ τε καὶ οἱ φίλοι εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ πᾶν χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον ὃ ἐὰν εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῆς Βαβυλωνίας τῷ κυρίῳ εἰς Ιερουσαλημ σὺν τῷ δεδωρημένῳ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔθνους εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου αὐτῶν τὸ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
and so as to carry gifts to the Lord of Israel, which both I and my friends have vowed for Jerusalem, and all the gold and silver that may be found in the country of Babylonia for the Lord in Jerusalem, together with what has been freely given by the nation for the sanctuary of their Lord in Jerusalem,
The decree next transfers precious metals and vowed gifts from Babylonia to the Jerusalem sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀπενεγκεῖνthey carriedVB AAN · φέρω + ἀποinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentφέρω + ἀπο: rendered here as 'they carried' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δῶραgiftN2N APN · δῶρονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementδῶρον: rendered here as 'gift' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ηὐξάμηνvow / prayVAI AMI1S · εὔχομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεὔχομαι: rendered here as 'vow / pray' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
φίλοιfriendA1 NPM · φίλοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termφίλος: rendered here as 'friend' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a nominative termχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὃwhichRR NSN · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐὰνif / whatever mayD · ἐάνadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
εὑρεθῇfindVC APS3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεὑρίσκω: rendered here as 'find' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χώρᾳland / countryN1A DSF · χώραnominal term functioning as a dative complementχώρα: rendered here as 'land / country' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΒαβυλωνίαςBabyloniaN1A GSF · Βαβυλωνίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentBabylonia: the wider Babylonian region from which offerings and returnees are drawn for the Jerusalem mission.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δεδωρημένῳdonateVM · χμπδσν δωρέομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseδωρέομαι: rendered here as 'donate' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὸνholy / sanctuaryA1A ASN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
14
συναχθῆναι τό τε χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον εἰς ταύρους καὶ κριοὺς καὶ ἄρνας καὶ τὰ τούτοις ἀκόλουθα
that both the gold and silver may be collected for bulls and rams and lambs and the things that go with them,
The collected money is directed toward sacrificial animals and their appurtenances, tying imperial patronage to temple worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
συναχθῆναιgather togetherVQ APN · ἄγω + συνinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentἄγω + συν: rendered here as 'gather together' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τόtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ταύρουςbullN2 APM · ταῦροςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementταῦρος: rendered here as 'bull' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
κριοὺςramN2 APM · κριόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκριός: rendered here as 'ram' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἄρναςlambN3 APM · ἀρνόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀρνός: rendered here as 'lamb' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τούτοιςthis / theseRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀκόλουθαattendant thingA1B APN · ἀκόλουθοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀκόλουθος: rendered here as 'attendant thing' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
15
ὥστε προσενεγκεῖν θυσίας ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τοῦ κυρίου αὐτῶν τὸ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
so that sacrifices may be offered on the altar of the Lord their God in Jerusalem.
The previous funding clause reaches its liturgical goal in the offering of sacrifices on the Jerusalem altar.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
προσενεγκεῖνto presentVB AAN · φέρω + προςinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentφέρω + προς: rendered here as 'to present' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθυσία: rendered here as 'sacrifice' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπὶon / at / overP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θυσιαστήριονaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθυσιαστήριον: rendered here as 'altar' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
16
καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἂν βούλῃ μετὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου ποιῆσαι χρυσίῳ καὶ ἀργυρίῳ ἐπιτέλει κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ σου
And whatever else you and your brothers may wish to do with gold and silver, perform it according to the will of your God.
Ezra and his associates are also granted a measure of freedom to deploy the royal resources as God's will requires.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅσαas many asA1 APN · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἂνανX · ἄνnominal term functioning as a nominal termαν: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
βούλῃwishV1 PMS2S · βούλομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβούλομαι: rendered here as 'wish' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀδελφῶνbrotherN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀδελφός: rendered here as 'brother' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentποιέω: rendered here as 'make / do' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χρυσίῳgoldN2N DSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a dative complementχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀργυρίῳsilverN2N DSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιτέλειperformV2 PAD2S · τελέω + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτελέω + ἐπι: rendered here as 'perform' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θέλημαwillN3M ASN · θέλημαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθέλημα: rendered here as 'will' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
17
καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ σκεύη τοῦ κυρίου τὰ διδόμενά σοι εἰς τὴν χρείαν τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ θεοῦ σου τοῦ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And as for the holy vessels of the Lord that are being given to you for the service of the house of your God in Jerusalem,
The letter now turns from money to sacred equipment entrusted for temple service.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὰholy / sanctuaryA1A APN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
διδόμενάgiveV8 · πμπαπν δίδωμιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρείανneedN1A ASF · χρείαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρεία: rendered here as 'need' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱεροῦholy / sanctuaryA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
18
καὶ τὰ λοιπά ὅσα ἂν ὑποπίπτῃ σοι εἰς τὴν χρείαν τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ θεοῦ σου δώσεις ἐκ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ γαζοφυλακίου
whatever else may occur to you as needful for the house of your God, you shall provide from the royal treasury.
Any remaining need for the temple may be supplied directly from the royal treasury, extending imperial support beyond the initial gift.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
λοιπάremainingA1 APN · λοιπόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementλοιπός: rendered here as 'remaining' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅσαas many asA1 APN · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἂνανX · ἄνnominal term functioning as a nominal termαν: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὑποπίπτῃfall to / occurV1 PMS2S · πίπτω + ὑποfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionπίπτω + ὑπο: rendered here as 'fall to / occur' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρείανneedN1A ASF · χρείαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρεία: rendered here as 'need' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱεροῦholy / sanctuaryA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
δώσειςgiveVF FAI2S · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλικοῦroyalA1 GSN · βασιλικόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλικός: rendered here as 'royal' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γαζοφυλακίουtreasuryN2N GSN · γαζοφυλάκιονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγαζοφυλάκιον: rendered here as 'treasury' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
19
κἀγὼ δὲ Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ βασιλεὺς προσέταξα τοῖς γαζοφύλαξι Συρίας καὶ Φοινίκης ἵνα ὅσα ἂν ἀποστείλῃ Εσδρας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἀναγνώστης τοῦ νόμου τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου ἐπιμελῶς διδῶσιν αὐτῷ ἕως ἀργυρίου ταλάντων ἑκατόν
And I, Artaxerxes the king, have ordered the treasurers of Syria and Phoenicia that whatever Esdras the priest and reader of the law of the Most High God sends for, they must give to him carefully, up to one hundred talents of silver,
The king extends the order to provincial officials in Syria and Phoenicia, fixing a concrete upper limit for silver.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἈρταξέρξηςArtaxerxesN1M NSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςnominal term functioning as a nominative termArtaxerxes: the Persian king whose decree authorizes Ezra's journey, funds the temple, and frames the chapter's first major movement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
προσέταξαorderVAI AAI1S · τάσσω + προςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτάσσω + προς: rendered here as 'order' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γαζοφύλαξιtreasurerN3K DPM · γαζοφύλαξnominal term functioning as a dative complementγαζοφύλαξ: rendered here as 'treasurer' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentSyria: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΦοινίκηςPhoeniciaN1 GSF · Φοινίκηnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentPhoenicia: the coastal province paired with Syria in the administrative geography of 1 Esdras.
ἵναιναC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὅσαas many asA1 APN · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἂνανX · ἄνnominal term functioning as a nominal termαν: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἀποστείλῃsendVA AAS3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionστέλλω + ἀπο: rendered here as 'send' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀναγνώστηςreaderN1M NSM · ἀναγνώστηςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀναγνώστης: literally a reader, but here a public reader and interpreter of the law, effectively Ezra's scribal title.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὑψίστουMost HighA1 GSM · ὕψιστοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentὕψιστος: a divine title emphasizing God's supremacy over both Israel and the imperial order that serves his purposes here.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
διδῶσινgiveV8 PAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταλάντωνtalentN2 GPN · τάλαντονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentτάλαντον: rendered here as 'talent' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατόνhundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal termhundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
20
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἕως πυροῦ κόρων ἑκατὸν καὶ οἴνου μετρητῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ ἅλα ἐκ πλήθους
likewise up to one hundred cors of wheat, and one hundred measures of wine, and salt without limit.
Grain, wine, and salt are added to the grant, mixing measured staples with the intentionally open-ended salt provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁμοίωςlikewiseD · ὁμοίωςadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πυροῦwheatN2 GSM · πυρόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπυρός: rendered here as 'wheat' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κόρωνcorN2 GPM · κόροςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκόρος: rendered here as 'cor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentοἶνος: rendered here as 'wine' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μετρητῶνmeasureN1M GPM · μετρητήςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentμετρητής: rendered here as 'measure' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἅλαsaltN3 ASM · ἅλςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἅλς: rendered here as 'salt' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπλῆθος: rendered here as 'plethos' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
21
πάντα τὰ κατὰ τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ νόμον ἐπιτελεσθήτω ἐπιμελῶς τῷ θεῷ τῷ ὑψίστῳ ἕνεκα τοῦ μὴ γενέσθαι ὀργὴν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν υἱῶν
Let everything prescribed in the law of God be done carefully for the Most High God, lest wrath come upon the kingdom of the king and his sons.
The motive is openly theological as well as political: the king seeks to avert divine wrath from his dynasty.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιτελεσθήτωperformVS APD3S · τελέω + ἐπιimperative predicate directing the actionτελέω + ἐπι: rendered here as 'perform' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὑψίστῳMost HighA1 DSM · ὕψιστοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementὕψιστος: a divine title emphasizing God's supremacy over both Israel and the imperial order that serves his purposes here.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
γενέσθαιbe / becomeVB AMN · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementὀργή: rendered here as 'wrath' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementβασιλεία: rendered here as 'kingdom' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
22
καὶ ὑμῖν δὲ λέγεται ὅπως πᾶσι τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς Λευίταις καὶ ἱεροψάλταις καὶ θυρωροῖς καὶ ἱεροδούλοις καὶ πραγματικοῖς τοῦ ἱεροῦ τούτου μηδεμία φορολογία μηδὲ ἄλλη ἐπιβολὴ γίγνηται καὶ ἐξουσίαν μηδένα ἔχειν ἐπιβαλεῖν τι τούτοις
And to you it is also declared that upon all the priests and Levites and temple singers and gatekeepers and temple-servants and workers of this sanctuary no tribute or other impost shall be laid, and no one shall have authority to levy anything on them.
The sanctuary personnel are protected from fiscal burdens, showing that imperial favor includes legal privilege as well as money.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
λέγεταιsay / callV1 PMI3S · λέγωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionλέγω: rendered here as 'say / call' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερεῦσινpriestN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευίταιςΛευείτηςN1M DPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a dative complementΛευείτης: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἱεροψάλταιςtemple-singerN1M DPM · ἱεροψάλτηςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἱεροψάλτης: a temple singer attached to sanctuary service.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
θυρωροῖςgatekeeperN2 DPM · θυρωρόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementθυρωρός: a gatekeeper responsible for controlled access and order at the sanctuary.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἱεροδούλοιςtemple-servantN2 DPM · ἱερόδουλοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἱερόδουλος: a temple-servant assigned to practical work in aid of the sanctuary and Levites.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πραγματικοῖςworker / functionaryA1 DPM · πραγματικόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementπραγματικός: rendered here as 'worker / functionary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱεροῦholy / sanctuaryA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
μηδεμίαno one / nothingA1A NSF · μηδείςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termμηδείς: rendered here as 'no one / nothing' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
φορολογίαtributeN1A NSF · φορολογίαnominal term functioning as a nominative termφορολογία: rendered here as 'tribute' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἄλληotherRD NSF · ἄλλοςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐπιβολὴimpostN1 NSF · ἐπιβολήnominal term functioning as a nominative termἐπιβολή: rendered here as 'impost' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γίγνηταιbe / becomeV1 PMS3S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐξουσίανauthorityN1A ASF · ἐξουσίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐξουσία: rendered here as 'authority' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μηδέναno one / nothingA3 ASM · μηδείςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementμηδείς: rendered here as 'no one / nothing' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔχεινhave / standV1 PAN · ἔχωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentἔχω: rendered here as 'have / stand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιβαλεῖνcast / setVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐπιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentβάλλω + ἐπι: rendered here as 'cast / set' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τούτοιςthis / theseRD DPM · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
23
καὶ σύ Εσδρα κατὰ τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνάδειξον κριτὰς καὶ δικαστάς ὅπως δικάζωσιν ἐν ὅλῃ Συρίᾳ καὶ Φοινίκῃ πάντας τοὺς ἐπισταμένους τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ σου καὶ τοὺς μὴ ἐπισταμένους δὲ διδάξεις
And you, Esdras, according to the wisdom of your God, appoint judges and magistrates, that they may judge throughout all Syria and Phoenicia all who know the law of your God; and those who do not know it you shall teach.
Ezra is commissioned to appoint judges and teach the ignorant, making him both administrator and instructor across the western provinces.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΕσδραEsdrasN VSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσοφία: rendered here as 'wisdom' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀνάδειξονappointVA AAD2S · δεικνύω + ἀναimperative predicate directing the actionδεικνύω + ἀνα: rendered here as 'appoint' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κριτὰςjudgeN1M APM · κριτήςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκριτής: rendered here as 'judge' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
δικαστάςmagistrateN1M APM · δικαστήςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementδικαστής: rendered here as 'magistrate' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
δικάζωσινjudgeV1 PAS3P · δικάζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδικάζω: rendered here as 'judge' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ὅλῃὅλοςA1 DSF · ὅλοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementὅλος: rendered here as 'ὅλος' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΣυρίᾳSyriaN1A DSF · Συρίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementSyria: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΦοινίκῃPhoeniciaN1 DSF · Φοινίκηnominal term functioning as a dative complementPhoenicia: the coastal province paired with Syria in the administrative geography of 1 Esdras.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐπισταμένουςknowV6 · πμπαπμ ἐπίσταμαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἐπίσταμαι: rendered here as 'know' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐπισταμένουςknowV6 · πμπαπμ ἐπίσταμαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἐπίσταμαι: rendered here as 'know' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
διδάξειςteachVF FAI2S · διδάσκωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδιδάσκω: rendered here as 'teach' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
24
καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐὰν παραβαίνωσι τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ σου καὶ τὸν βασιλικόν ἐπιμελῶς κολασθήσονται ἐάν τε καὶ θανάτῳ ἐάν τε καὶ τιμωρίᾳ ἢ ἀργυρικῇ ζημίᾳ ἢ ἀπαγωγῇ
And all who transgress the law of your God and the king's law shall be carefully punished, whether by death or by chastisement or by monetary fine or by banishment.
The decree closes with enforceable penalties, showing that the king's recognition of the divine law is not merely ceremonial.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐὰνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
παραβαίνωσιto step awayV1 PAS3P · βαίνω + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβαίνω + παρα: rendered here as 'to step away' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλικόνroyalA1 ASM · βασιλικόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementβασιλικός: rendered here as 'royal' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιμελῶςcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
κολασθήσονταιpunishVS FPI3P · κολάζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκολάζω: rendered here as 'punish' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementθάνατος: rendered here as 'death' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐάνif / whatever mayC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τιμωρίᾳpunishmentN1A DSF · τιμωρίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementτιμωρία: rendered here as 'punishment' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἢorC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀργυρικῇmonetaryA1 DSF · ἀργυρικόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementἀργυρικός: rendered here as 'monetary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ζημίᾳfineN1A DSF · ζημίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementζημία: rendered here as 'fine' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἢorC · ἤcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀπαγωγῇbanishmentN1 DSF · ἀπαγωγήnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀπαγωγή: rendered here as 'banishment' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
25
εὐλογητὸς μόνος ὁ κύριος ὁ δοὺς ταῦτα εἰς τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ βασιλέως δοξάσαι τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ τὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
Blessed be the Lord alone, who put these things into the heart of the king to glorify his house in Jerusalem,
After the letter ends, Ezra answers not with self-congratulation but with blessing to the Lord who moved the king's heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termεὐλογητός: rendered here as 'blessed' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termμόνος: rendered here as 'alone' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δοὺςgiveVO · ααπνσμ δίδωμιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταῦταthis / theseRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκαρδία: rendered here as 'heart' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δοξάσαιglorifyVA AAN · δοξάζωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδοξάζω: rendered here as 'glorify' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
26
καὶ ἐμὲ ἐτίμησεν ἔναντι τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν συμβουλευόντων καὶ πάντων τῶν φίλων καὶ μεγιστάνων αὐτοῦ
and who honored me before the king and his counselors and all his friends and nobles.
The thanksgiving includes the personal dimension: Ezra recognizes the king's courtly favor as part of God's providence.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐμὲIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐτίμησενhonorVAI AAI3S · τιμάωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτιμάω: rendered here as 'honor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
συμβουλευόντωνcounsel withV1 · παπγπμ βουλεύω + συνparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseβουλεύω + συν: rendered here as 'counsel with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
φίλωνfriendA1 GPM · φίλοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentφίλος: rendered here as 'friend' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μεγιστάνωνnobles / great onesN3 GPM · μεγιστάνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentμεγιστάν: rendered here as 'nobles / great ones' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
27
καὶ ἐγὼ εὐθαρσὴς ἐγενόμην κατὰ τὴν ἀντίλημψιν κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ μου καὶ συνήγαγον ἐκ τοῦ Ισραηλ ἄνδρας ὥστε συναναβῆναί μοι
And I took courage by the help of the Lord my God, and I gathered men from Israel to go up with me.
Strengthened by divine help, Ezra translates gratitude into action by assembling the men who will travel with him.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εὐθαρσὴςcourageousA3H NSM · εὐθαρσήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termεὐθαρσής: rendered here as 'courageous' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐγενόμηνbe / becomeVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀντίλημψινhelpN3I ASF · ἀντίληψιςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀντίληψις: rendered here as 'help' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
συνήγαγονgather togetherVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἄγω + συν: rendered here as 'gather together' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
συναναβῆναίgo up withVZ AAN · βαίνω + συν + ἀναinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentβαίνω + συν + ἀνα: rendered here as 'go up with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μοιIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
28
καὶ οὗτοι οἱ προηγούμενοι κατὰ τὰς πατριὰς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς μεριδαρχίας οἱ ἀναβάντες μετ' ἐμοῦ ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ βασιλέως
And these are the leaders according to their ancestral houses and their divisions, who went up with me from Babylon in the reign of King Artaxerxes:
The narrative now records the family heads in register form, moving from commission to the actual composition of the caravan.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οὗτοιthis / theseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
προηγούμενοιpmpnpm egeomai + proV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαι + προparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι + προ: rendered here as 'pmpnpm egeomai + pro' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πατριὰςancestral houseN1A APF · πατριάnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπατριά: rendered here as 'ancestral house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μεριδαρχίαςdivisionN1A APF · μεριδαρχίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementμεριδαρχία: rendered here as 'division' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀναβάντεςhaving come upVB · ααπνπμ βαίνω + ἀναparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseβαίνω + ἀνα: rendered here as 'having come up' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentBabylon: the Mesopotamian starting point of Ezra's ascent and the eastern center from which both people and resources are gathered.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαnominal term functioning as a dative complementβασιλεία: rendered here as 'kingdom' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentArtaxerxes: the Persian king whose decree authorizes Ezra's journey, funds the temple, and frames the chapter's first major movement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
29
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Φινεες Γαρσομος ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ιεταμαρου Γαμηλος ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Δαυιδ Αττους ὁ Σεχενιου
from the sons of Phinehas, Gershom; from the sons of Ithamar, Gamelus; from the sons of David, Hattush son of Shecaniah;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΦινεεςPhinehasN GSM · Φινεεςnominal term functioning as a nominal termPhinehas: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΓαρσομοςGershomN NSM · Γαρσομοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termGershom: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙεταμαρουIthamarN GSM · Ἰετάμαροςnominal term functioning as a nominal termIthamar: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΓαμηλοςGamelusN NSM · Γαμηλοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termGamelus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΔαυιδDavidN GSM · Δαυίδnominal term functioning as a nominal termDavid: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΑττουςHattushN NSM · Αττουςnominal term functioning as a nominal termHattush: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΣεχενιουShecaniahN GSM · Σεχενιουnominal term functioning as a nominal termShecaniah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
30
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Φορος Ζαχαριας καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ γραφῆς ἄνδρες ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα
from the sons of Phoros, Zechariah, and with him one hundred fifty men enrolled;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΦοροςPhorosN GSM · Φοροςnominal term functioning as a nominal termPhoros: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΖαχαριαςZechariahN1T NSM · Ζαχαριαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termZechariah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
γραφῆςgraphenN1 GSF · γραφήnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγραφή: rendered here as 'graphen' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termfifty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
31
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Φααθμωαβ Ελιαωνιας Ζαραιου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες διακόσιοι
from the sons of Phaath-moab, Eliaonias son of Zerahiah, and with him two hundred men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΦααθμωαβPhaath-moabN GSM · Φααθμωαβnominal term functioning as a nominal termPhaath-moab: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΕλιαωνιαςEliaoniasN1T NSM · Ελιαωνιαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termEliaonias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΖαραιουZerahiahN1T GSM · Ζαραίαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentZerahiah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredA1A NPM · διακόσιοιadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termδιακόσιοι: rendered here as 'two hundred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
32
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ζαθοης Σεχενιας Ιεζηλου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες τριακόσιοι ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Αδινου Βην-Ιωναθου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες διακόσιοι πεντήκοντα
from the sons of Zathoes, Shecaniah son of Jeziel, and with him three hundred men; from the sons of Adin, Ben-Jonathan, and with him two hundred fifty men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΖαθοηςZathoesN GSM · Ζαθοηςnominal term functioning as a nominal termZathoes: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΣεχενιαςShecaniahN1T NSM · Σεχενιαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termShecaniah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙεζηλουJezielN GSM · Ἴεζηλοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termJeziel: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τριακόσιοιthree hundredA1A NPM · τριακόσιοιadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termτριακόσιοι: rendered here as 'three hundred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΑδινουAdinN GSM · Αδίνnominal term functioning as a nominal termAdin: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
Βην-ΙωναθουBen-JonathanN NSM · Βην-Ιωναθ́ανnominal term functioning as a nominal termBen-Jonathan: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredA1A NPM · διακόσιοιadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termδιακόσιοι: rendered here as 'two hundred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termfifty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
33
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ηλαμ Ιεσιας Γοθολιου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες ἑβδομήκοντα
from the sons of Elam, Jesias son of Gotholias, and with him seventy men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΗλαμElamN GSM · Ηλαμnominal term functioning as a nominal termElam: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙεσιαςJesiasN1T NSM · Ιεσιαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termJesias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΓοθολιουGotholiasN1T GSM · Γοθολίαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentGotholias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termseventy: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
34
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Σαφατιου Ζαραιας Μιχαηλου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες ἑβδομήκοντα
from the sons of Saphatias, Zarias son of Michael, and with him seventy men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΣαφατιουSaphatiasN1T GSM · Σαφατιαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentSaphatias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΖαραιαςZariasN1T NSM · Ζαραιαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termZarias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΜιχαηλουMichaelN GSM · Μειχάηλοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termMichael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termseventy: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
35
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ιωαβ Αβαδιας Ιεζηλου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες διακόσιοι δέκα δύο
from the sons of Joab, Obadiah son of Jeziel, and with him two hundred twelve men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙωαβJoabN GSM · Ιωαβnominal term functioning as a nominal termJoab: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΑβαδιαςObadiahN1T NSM · Αβαδιαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termObadiah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙεζηλουJezielN GSM · Ἴεζηλοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termJeziel: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredA1A NPM · διακόσιοιadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termδιακόσιοι: rendered here as 'two hundred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termten: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
δύοtwoM · δύοnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwo: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
36
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Βανι Ασσαλιμωθ Ιωσαφιου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες ἑκατὸν ἑξήκοντα
from the sons of Bani, Assalimoth son of Josaphias, and with him one hundred sixty men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΒανιBaniN GSM · Βανιnominal term functioning as a nominal termBani: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΑσσαλιμωθAssalimothN NSM · Ασσαλιμωθnominal term functioning as a nominal termAssalimoth: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙωσαφιουJosaphiasN1T GSM · Ἰωσάφιαςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentJosaphias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termexekonta: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
37
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Βαβι Ζαχαριας Βηβαι καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες εἴκοσι ὀκτώ
from the sons of Babi, Zechariah son of Bebai, and with him twenty-eight men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΒαβιBabiN GSM · Βαβιnominal term functioning as a nominal termBabi: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΖαχαριαςZechariahN1T NSM · Ζαχαριαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termZechariah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΒηβαιBebaiN GSM · Βηβαιnominal term functioning as a nominal termBebai: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwenty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὀκτώeightM · ὀκτώnominal term functioning as a nominal termeight: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
38
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Ασγαθ Ιωανης Ακαταν καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες ἑκατὸν δέκα
from the sons of Asgad, Joannes son of Hacatan, and with him one hundred ten men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΑσγαθAsgadN GSM · Ασγαθnominal term functioning as a nominal termAsgad: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙωανηςJoannesN NSM · Ἰωάνηςnominal term functioning as a nominal termJoannes: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΑκατανHacatanN GSM · Ακατανnominal term functioning as a nominal termHacatan: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termten: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
39
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Αδωνικαμ οἱ ἔσχατοι καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν Ελιφαλατος Ιεουηλ καὶ Σαμαιας καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν ἄνδρες ἑβδομήκοντα
from the sons of Adonikam, the last, and these are their names: Eliphalatus, Jeuel, and Shemaiah, and with them seventy men;
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΑδωνικαμAdonikamN GSM · Αδωνικαμnominal term functioning as a nominal termAdonikam: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔσχατοιlastA1 NPM · ἔσχατοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἔσχατος: rendered here as 'last' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ταῦταthis / theseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὀνόματαnameN3M NPN · ὄνομαnominal term functioning as a nominative termὄνομα: rendered here as 'name' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΕλιφαλατοςEliphalatusN NSM · Ελιφαλατοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEliphalatus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙεουηλJeuelN NSM · Ιεουηλnominal term functioning as a nominal termJeuel: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΣαμαιαςShemaiahN1T NSM · Σαμαιαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termShemaiah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termseventy: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
40
ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Βαγο Ουθι ὁ τοῦ Ισταλκουρου καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἄνδρες ἑβδομήκοντα
from the sons of Bago, Uthi son of Istalcourus, and with him seventy men.
The caravan register continues by naming one family head or cluster and the number enrolled with him, preserving the movement in ledger-like form.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΒαγοBagoN GSM · Βαγοnominal term functioning as a nominal termBago: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΟυθιUthiN NSM · Ουθιnominal term functioning as a nominal termUthi: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσταλκουρουIstalcourusN GSM · Ἰσταλκοῦροςnominal term functioning as a nominal termIstalcourus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termseventy: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
41
καὶ συνήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν λεγόμενον Θεραν ποταμόν καὶ παρενεβάλομεν αὐτόθι ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ κατέμαθον αὐτούς
And I gathered them at the river called Theras, and we encamped there three days; then I reviewed them.
After the roster, the story resumes at the rendezvous by the river Theras, where Ezra reviews the assembled company.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
συνήγαγονgather togetherVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἄγω + συν: rendered here as 'gather together' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐπὶon / at / overP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
λεγόμενονcalledV1 · πππασμ λέγωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseλέγω: rendered here in the passive-participial sense 'called' as the river Theras is named.
ΘερανTherasN AS · Θεράnominal term functioning as a nominal termTheras: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ποταμόνriverN2 ASM · ποταμόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementποταμός: rendered here as 'river' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
παρενεβάλομενencamped / pitched campVBI AAI1P · βάλλω + παρα + ἐνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβάλλω + παρα + ἐν: rendered here as 'encamped / pitched camp' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτόθιthereD · αὐτόθιadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἡμέραςdayN1A APF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τρεῖςthreeM · τρεῖςnominal term functioning as a nominal termthree: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
κατέμαθονinspect / reviewVBI AAI1S · μανθάνω + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionμανθάνω + κατα: rendered here as 'inspect / review' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
42
καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἱερέων καὶ ἐκ τῶν Λευιτῶν οὐχ εὑρὼν ἐκεῖ
And I found there none from among the sons of the priests and none from the Levites.
The review uncovers a practical deficiency: the caravan lacks Levites for temple service.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentLevite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
εὑρὼνfindVB · ααπνσμ εὑρίσκωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseεὑρίσκω: rendered here as 'find' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
43
ἀπέστειλα πρὸς Ελεαζαρον καὶ Ιδουηλον καὶ Μαασμαν καὶ Ελναταν καὶ Σαμαιαν καὶ Ιωριβον Ναθαν Ενναταν Ζαχαριαν καὶ Μεσολαμον τοὺς ἡγουμένους καὶ ἐπιστήμονας
So I sent for Eleazar and Iduel and Maasman and Elnathan and Shemaiah and Jorib and Nathan and Ennatan and Zechariah and Meshullam, men who were leaders and men of understanding,
Ezra answers the deficiency by dispatching named leaders and men of understanding as envoys.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀπέστειλαsendVAI AAI1S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionστέλλω + ἀπο: rendered here as 'send' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΕλεαζαρονEleazarN2 ASM · Ἐλεάζαροςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementEleazar: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΙδουηλονIduelN2 ASM · Ἰδούηλοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementIduel: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΜαασμανMaasmanN ASM · Μαασμᾶνnominal term functioning as a nominal termMaasman: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΕλνατανElnathanN ASM · Ἐλναθάνnominal term functioning as a nominal termElnathan: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΣαμαιανShemaiahN1T ASM · Σαμαίαςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementShemaiah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΙωριβονJoribN2 ASM · Ἰώριβοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementJorib: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΝαθανNathanN ASM · Ναθανnominal term functioning as a nominal termNathan: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΕννατανEnnatanN ASM · Ἐννατάνnominal term functioning as a nominal termEnnatan: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΖαχαριανZechariahN1T ASM · Ζαχαρίαςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementZechariah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΜεσολαμονMeshullamN ASM · Μεσολαβώνnominal term functioning as a nominal termMeshullam: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡγουμένουςegeomaiV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι: rendered here as 'egeomai' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐπιστήμοναςunderstanding / skilledA3N APM · ἐπιστήμωνadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἐπιστήμων: rendered here as 'understanding / skilled' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
44
καὶ εἶπα αὐτοῖς ἐλθεῖν πρὸς Αδδαιον τὸν ἡγούμενον τὸν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ γαζοφυλακίου
and I told them to go to Addaeus the leader, who was at the place of the treasury,
The messengers are directed specifically to Addaeus, the leader stationed at the treasury place.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
εἶπαsayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἶπον: rendered here as 'say' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐλθεῖνcomeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentἔρχομαι: rendered here as 'come' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΑδδαιονAddaeusN ASM · Αδδαιονnominal term functioning as a nominal termAddaeus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡγούμενονπμπασμ ηγεομαιV2 · πμπασμ ἡγέομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι: rendered here as 'πμπασμ ηγεομαι' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςnominal term functioning as a dative complementτόπος: rendered here as 'place' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γαζοφυλακίουtreasuryN2N GSN · γαζοφυλάκιονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγαζοφυλάκιον: rendered here as 'treasury' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
45
ἐντειλάμενος αὐτοῖς διαλεγῆναι Αδδαιω καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῖς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ γαζοφύλαξιν ἀποστεῖλαι ἡμῖν τοὺς ἱερατεύσοντας ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
instructing them to speak to Addaeus and his brothers and to the treasurers in that place, that they should send us men to minister in the house of our Lord.
The content of the charge is explicit: suitable men are to be sent for service in the Lord's house.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐντειλάμενοςampnsm tello + enVA · αμπνσμ τέλλω + ἐνparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseτέλλω + ἐν: rendered here as 'ampnsm tello + en' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
διαλεγῆναιspeak withVD APN · λέγομαι + διαinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentλέγομαι + δια: rendered here as 'speak with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΑδδαιωAddaeusN DSM · Αδδαιωnominal term functioning as a nominal termAddaeus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀδελφός: rendered here as 'brother' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςnominal term functioning as a dative complementτόπος: rendered here as 'place' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γαζοφύλαξινtreasurerN3K DPM · γαζοφύλαξnominal term functioning as a dative complementγαζοφύλαξ: rendered here as 'treasurer' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀποστεῖλαιsendVA AAN · στέλλω + ἀποinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentστέλλω + ἀπο: rendered here as 'send' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερατεύσονταςministerVF · φαπαπμ ἱερατεύωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἱερατεύω: rendered here as 'minister' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
46
καὶ ἤγαγον ἡμῖν κατὰ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν ἄνδρας ἐπιστήμονας τῶν υἱῶν Μοολι τοῦ Λευι τοῦ Ισραηλ Ασεβηβιαν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφούς δέκα ὀκτώ
And by the mighty hand of our Lord upon us they brought us skilled men from the sons of Mooli son of Levi son of Israel: Asebebias and his sons and his brothers, eighteen men,
The missing personnel are supplied through the Lord's strong hand, and the first contingent of skilled Levites is listed.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἤγαγονled / broughtVBI AAI1S · ἄγωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἄγω: rendered here as 'led / brought' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κραταιὰνmightyA1A ASF · κραταιόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementκραταιός: rendered here as 'mighty' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχείρ: rendered here as 'hand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπιστήμοναςunderstanding / skilledA3N APM · ἐπιστήμωνadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἐπιστήμων: rendered here as 'understanding / skilled' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΜοολιMooliN GSM · Μοολιnominal term functioning as a nominal termMooli: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευιLeviN GSM · Λευίnominal term functioning as a nominal termLevi: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΑσεβηβιανAsebebiasN ASM · Ἀσεβηβίαςnominal term functioning as a nominal termAsebebias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱοὺςsonN2 APM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀδελφούςbrotherN2 APM · ἀδελφόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀδελφός: rendered here as 'brother' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termten: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὀκτώeightM · ὀκτώnominal term functioning as a nominal termeight: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
47
καὶ Ασεβιαν καὶ Αννουνον καὶ Ωσαιαν ἀδελφὸν ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Χανουναιου καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν ἄνδρες εἴκοσι
and Asebias and Announus and Osaias his brother, from the sons of Hananiah, and their sons, twenty men,
A second cluster of Levites is added, showing that the shortage has been concretely addressed.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΑσεβιανAsebiasN ASM · Ἁσεβείαςnominal term functioning as a nominal termAsebias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΑννουνονAnnounusN ASM · Ἀννοῦνοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termAnnounus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΩσαιανOsaiasN1T ASM · Ὡσαίαςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementOsaias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀδελφός: rendered here as 'brother' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΧανουναιουHananiahN2 GSM · Χανουναῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentHananiah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a nominative termυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwenty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
48
καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἱεροδούλων ὧν ἔδωκεν Δαυιδ καὶ οἱ ἡγούμενοι εἰς τὴν ἐργασίαν τῶν Λευιτῶν ἱερόδουλοι διακόσιοι εἴκοσι πάντων ἐσημάνθη ἡ ὀνοματογραφία
and from the temple-servants, whom David and the leaders had given for the service of the Levites, two hundred twenty temple-servants; all were entered by name.
The roster closes by adding the temple-servants assigned long ago for Levitical work, all formally registered by name.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱεροδούλωνtemple-servantN2 GPM · ἱερόδουλοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερόδουλος: a temple-servant assigned to practical work in aid of the sanctuary and Levites.
ὧνosRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΔαυιδDavidN NSM · Δαυίδnominal term functioning as a nominal termDavid: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι: rendered here as 'leading / captains' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐργασίανworkN1A ASF · ἐργασίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐργασία: rendered here as 'work' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentLevite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἱερόδουλοιtemple-servantN2 NPM · ἱερόδουλοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἱερόδουλος: a temple-servant assigned to practical work in aid of the sanctuary and Levites.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredA1A NPM · διακόσιοιadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termδιακόσιοι: rendered here as 'two hundred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwenty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐσημάνθηyou shall show / make knownVAI API3S · σημαίνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionσημαίνω: rendered here as 'you shall show / make known' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὀνοματογραφίαwritten register of namesN1A NSF · ὀνοματογραφίαnominal term functioning as a nominative termὀνοματογραφία: rendered here as 'written register of names' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
49
καὶ εὐξάμην ἐκεῖ νηστείαν τοῖς νεανίσκοις ἔναντι τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
And there I proclaimed a fast for the young men before our Lord,
Before setting out, Ezra frames the journey as an act of dependence by proclaiming a fast before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
εὐξάμηνvow / prayVA AMI1S · εὔχομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεὔχομαι: rendered here as 'vow / pray' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
νηστείανfastN1A ASF · νηστείαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementνηστεία: rendered here as 'fast' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νεανίσκοιςyoung manN2 DPM · νεανίσκοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementνεανίσκος: rendered here as 'young man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
50
ζητῆσαι παρ' αὐτοῦ εὐοδίαν ἡμῖν τε καὶ τοῖς συνοῦσιν ἡμῖν τέκνοις ἡμῶν καὶ κτήνεσιν
to seek from him a prosperous journey for us and for those with us, for our children and our livestock.
The fast is directed toward safe and prosperous travel for the whole vulnerable company, including children and livestock.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ζητῆσαιseekVA AAN · ζητέωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentζητέω: rendered here as 'seek' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παρ'from / besideP · παράpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εὐοδίανgood journeyN1A ASF · εὐοδίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementεὐοδία: a prosperous road or successful journey; here it summarizes the Lord's providential guidance over the caravan.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
συνοῦσινpapdpn eimi + synV9 · παπδπν εἰμί + συνparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseεἰμί + συν: rendered here as 'papdpn eimi + syn' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τέκνοιςchildN2N DPN · τέκνονnominal term functioning as a dative complementτέκνον: rendered here as 'child' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
κτήνεσινlivestockN3E DPN · κτῆνοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκτῆνος: rendered here as 'livestock' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
51
ἐνετράπην γὰρ αἰτῆσαι τὸν βασιλέα πεζούς τε καὶ ἱππεῖς καὶ προπομπὴν ἕνεκεν ἀσφαλείας τῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἐναντιουμένους ἡμῖν
For I was ashamed to ask the king for infantry and cavalry and an escort for safety against those opposing us,
Ezra explains the fast by confessing his reluctance to ask for military protection after his testimony about God's care.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνετράπηνwas subdued / humbledVDI API1S · τρέπω + ἐνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτρέπω + ἐν: rendered here as 'was subdued / humbled' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
αἰτῆσαιaskVA AAN · αἰτέωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentαἰτέω: rendered here as 'ask' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πεζούςinfantryA1 APM · πεζόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπεζός: rendered here as 'infantry' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τεandX TEnominal term functioning as a nominal termand: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἱππεῖςcavalrymanN3V APM · ἱππεύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἱππεύς: rendered here as 'cavalryman' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
προπομπὴνescortN1 ASF · προπομπήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπροπομπή: rendered here as 'escort' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ἀσφαλείαςsafetyN1A GSF · ἀσφάλειαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀσφάλεια: rendered here as 'safety' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐναντιουμένουςopposeV4 · πμπαπμ ἐναντιόομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἐναντιόομαι: rendered here as 'oppose' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
52
εἴπαμεν γὰρ τῷ βασιλεῖ ὅτι ἰσχὺς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν ἔσται μετὰ τῶν ἐπιζητούντων αὐτὸν εἰς πᾶσαν ἐπανόρθωσιν
because we had told the king that the strength of our Lord would be with all who seek him, for every restoration.
The prior confession to the king is quoted to show that the request for protection must now be laid before God himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἴπαμενsaidVAI AAI1P · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἶπον: rendered here as 'said' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3U NSF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἰσχύς: rendered here as 'strength' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'shall be' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐπιζητούντωνpapgpm zeteo + epiV2 · παπγπμ ζητέω + ἐπιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseζητέω + ἐπι: rendered here as 'papgpm zeteo + epi' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπανόρθωσινrestorationN3I ASF · ἐπανόρθωσιςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐπανόρθωσις: restoration or setting-right; the broad saving good expected from the Lord during the journey.
53
καὶ πάλιν ἐδεήθημεν τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν κατὰ ταῦτα καὶ εὐιλάτου ἐτύχομεν
So again we entreated our Lord about these matters, and he became gracious to us.
The fast leads to prayer, and the prayer to divine favor; the journey's safety is received as answered supplication.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐδεήθημενboundVCI API1P · δέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδέω: rendered here as 'bound' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ταῦταthis / theseRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
εὐιλάτουgraciousA1B GSM · εὐί̈λατοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentεὐί̈λατος: rendered here as 'gracious' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐτύχομενstrikes / hits uponVBI AAI1P · τυγχάνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτυγχάνω: rendered here as 'strikes / hits upon' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
54
καὶ ἐχώρισα τῶν φυλάρχων τῶν ἱερέων ἄνδρας δέκα δύο καὶ Σερεβιαν καὶ Ασαβιαν καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν ἄνδρας δέκα
And I set apart from the chiefs of the priests twelve men, and Sherebias and Hashabiah, and with them ten of their brothers,
Ezra sets apart priests and Levites to supervise the offerings, turning piety into careful administrative stewardship.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐχώρισαset apartVAI AAI1S · χωρίζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionχωρίζω: rendered here as 'set apart' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
φυλάρχωνchiefN2 GPM · φύλαρχοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentφύλαρχος: rendered here as 'chief' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termten: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
δύοtwoM · δύοnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwo: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΣερεβιανSherebiasN1T ASM · Σερεβιαςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementSherebias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΑσαβιανHashabiahN1T ASM · Ασαβιαςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementHashabiah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀδελφῶνbrotherN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀδελφός: rendered here as 'brother' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termten: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
55
καὶ ἔστησα αὐτοῖς τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ σκεύη τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν ἃ αὐτὸς ἐδωρήσατο ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ σύμβουλοι αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ μεγιστᾶνες καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ
and I weighed out to them the silver and the gold and the holy vessels of the house of our Lord, which the king and his counselors and nobles and all Israel had donated.
The treasure is handed over in an accountable way, with royal, aristocratic, and Israelite gifts all included.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἔστησαset / weighVAI AAI1S · ἵστημιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἵστημι: rendered here as 'set / weigh' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὰholy / sanctuaryA1A APN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
αὐτὸςhe / she / itRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐδωρήσατοdonateVAI AMI3S · δωρέομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδωρέομαι: rendered here as 'donate' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σύμβουλοιcounselorN2 NPM · σύμβουλοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termσύμβουλος: rendered here as 'counselor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μεγιστᾶνεςmagnateN3 NPM · μεγιστάνnominal term functioning as a nominative termμεγιστάν: rendered here as 'magnate' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
πᾶςallA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
56
καὶ στήσας παρέδωκα αὐτοῖς ἀργυρίου τάλαντα ἑξακόσια πεντήκοντα καὶ σκεύη ἀργυρᾶ ταλάντων ἑκατὸν καὶ χρυσίου τάλαντα ἑκατὸν καὶ χρυσώματα εἴκοσι καὶ σκεύη χαλκᾶ ἀπὸ χρηστοῦ χαλκοῦ στίλβοντα χρυσοειδῆ σκεύη δώδεκα
And I weighed out and handed over to them six hundred fifty talents of silver, and silver vessels worth one hundred talents, and one hundred talents of gold, and twenty gold bowls, and twelve bronze vessels of fine gleaming bronze, precious as gold.
The inventory is itemized in full, underscoring both the value of the gifts and the seriousness of the trust.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
στήσαςhaving weighed outVA · ααπνσμ ἵστημιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἵστημι: rendered here as 'set / weigh' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παρέδωκαI handed overVAI AAI1S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι + παρα: rendered here as 'to hand over' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τάλανταtalentsN2N APN · τάλαντονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementτάλαντον: rendered here as 'talent' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑξακόσιαsix hundredA1A APN · ἑξακόσιοιadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἑξακόσιοι: rendered here as 'six hundred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termfifty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀργυρᾶsilverA1C APN · ἀργυροῦςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀργυροῦς: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταλάντωνtalentN2 GPN · τάλαντονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentτάλαντον: rendered here as 'talent' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τάλανταtalentsN2N APN · τάλαντονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementτάλαντον: rendered here as 'talent' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνnominal term functioning as a nominal terma hundred: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
χρυσώματαgold bowlN3M APN · χρύσωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρύσωμα: rendered here as 'gold bowl' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwenty: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χαλκᾶbronzeA1C APN · χαλκοῦςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementχαλκοῦς: rendered here as 'bronze' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
χρηστοῦfineA1 GSM · χρηστόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentχρηστός: rendered here as 'fine' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χαλκοῦbronzeA1C GSM · χαλκοῦςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentχαλκοῦς: rendered here as 'bronze' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
στίλβονταgleamV1 · παπαπν στίλβωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseστίλβω: rendered here as 'gleam' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χρυσοειδῆgold-likeA3H APN · χρυσοειδήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementχρυσοειδής: rendered here as 'gold-like' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δώδεκαtwelveM · δώδεκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwelve: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
57
καὶ εἶπα αὐτοῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς ἅγιοί ἐστε τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ τὰ σκεύη ἅγια καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον εὐχὴ τῷ κυρίῳ κυρίῳ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν
And I said to them, 'You are holy to the Lord, and the vessels are holy, and the silver and the gold are a votive offering to the Lord, the Lord of our fathers.'
Ezra interprets the handover liturgically: holy men must guard holy gifts offered to the Lord of the fathers.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
εἶπαsayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἶπον: rendered here as 'say' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἅγιοίholyA1A NPM · ἅγιοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἅγιος: rendered here as 'holy' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐστεit wasV9 PAI2P · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'it was' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σκεύηvesselN3E NPN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἅγιαholyA1A NPN · ἅγιοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἅγιος: rendered here as 'holy' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a nominative termχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εὐχὴvotive offeringN1 NSF · εὐχήnominal term functioning as a nominative termεὐχή: rendered here as 'votive offering' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπατήρ: rendered here as 'fathers' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
58
ἀγρυπνεῖτε καὶ φυλάσσετε ἕως τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτὰ ὑμᾶς τοῖς φυλάρχοις τῶν ἱερέων καὶ τῶν Λευιτῶν καὶ τοῖς ἡγουμένοις τῶν πατριῶν τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐν τοῖς παστοφορίοις τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Keep watch and guard them until you hand them over to the chiefs of the priests and Levites and to the leaders of the ancestral houses of Israel in Jerusalem, in the chambers of the house of our Lord.
The custodians are told to keep vigil until the goods are transferred in Jerusalem to the proper temple authorities.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἀγρυπνεῖτεkeep watchV2 PAD2P · ἀγρυπνέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἀγρυπνέω: rendered here as 'keep watch' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
φυλάσσετεguardV1 PAD2P · φυλάσσωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionφυλάσσω: rendered here as 'guard' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
παραδοῦναιto hand overVO AAN · δίδωμι + παραinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδίδωμι + παρα: rendered here as 'to hand over' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
φυλάρχοιςchiefN2 DPM · φύλαρχοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementφύλαρχος: rendered here as 'chief' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentLevite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡγουμένοιςpmpdpm egeomaiV2 · πμπδπμ ἡγέομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι: rendered here as 'pmpdpm egeomai' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πατριῶνancestral houseN1A GPF · πατριάnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπατριά: rendered here as 'ancestral house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
παστοφορίοιςchamberN2N DPN · παστοφόριονnominal term functioning as a dative complementπαστοφόριον: rendered here as 'chamber' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
59
καὶ οἱ παραλαβόντες οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ εἰσήνεγκαν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου
So the priests and the Levites who received the silver and the gold and the vessels brought them into Jerusalem, into the sanctuary of the Lord.
The appointed priests and Levites carry out the charge by bringing the treasure safely into Jerusalem's sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
παραλαβόντεςlambano + paraVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνω + παραparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseλαμβάνω + παρα: rendered here as 'lambano + para' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a nominative termΛευείτης: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρυσίονgoldN2N ASN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σκεύηvesselN3E APN · σκεῦοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσκεῦος: rendered here as 'vessel' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
εἰσήνεγκανbring inVAI AAI3P · φέρω + εἰςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionφέρω + εἰς: rendered here as 'bring in' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὸνholy / sanctuaryA1A ASN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
60
καὶ ἀναζεύξαντες ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Θερα τῇ δωδεκάτῃ τοῦ πρώτου μηνὸς εἰσήλθομεν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ κατὰ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν τὴν ἐφ' ἡμῖν καὶ ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τῆς εἰσόδου ἀπὸ παντὸς ἐχθροῦ καὶ ἤλθομεν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
And setting out from the river Theras on the twelfth of the first month, we entered Jerusalem by the mighty hand of our Lord upon us; and he rescued us at the entrance from every enemy, and we came to Jerusalem.
The company finally departs, and the same strong hand of the Lord that was sought in fasting delivers them from enemies on the way.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀναζεύξαντεςhaving mounted upVA · ααπνπμ ζευγνύω + ἀναparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseζευγνύω + ἀνα: rendered here as 'having mounted up' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentποταμός: rendered here as 'river' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΘεραTherasN GS · Θεράnominal term functioning as a nominal termTheras: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δωδεκάτῃtwelfthA1 DSF · δωδέκατοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementδωδέκατος: rendered here as 'twelfth' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSM · πρῶτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπρῶτος: rendered here as 'first' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentμήν: rendered here as 'month' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰσήλθομενερχομαι + ειςVBI AAI1P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι + εἰς: rendered here as 'ερχομαι + εις' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κραταιὰνmightyA1A ASF · κραταιόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementκραταιός: rendered here as 'mighty' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχείρ: rendered here as 'hand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐρρύσατοrescueVAI AMI3S · ῥύομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionῥύομαι: rendered here as 'rescue' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐπὶon / at / overP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
εἰσόδουentranceN2 GSF · εἴσοδοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentεἴσοδος: rendered here as 'entrance' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐχθροῦenemyA1A GSM · ἐχθρόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἐχθρός: rendered here as 'enemy' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἤλθομενcomeVBI AAI1P · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι: rendered here as 'come' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
61
καὶ γενομένης αὐτόθι ἡμέρας τρίτης σταθὲν τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον παρεδόθη ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Μαρμωθι Ουρια ἱερεῖ
And after the third day there, the silver and the gold, once weighed, were delivered in the house of our Lord to Marmoth son of Uriah the priest,
Once three days have passed in Jerusalem, the treasure is formally weighed and delivered to the priest Marmoth.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
γενομένηςbe / becomeVB · αμπγσφ γίγνομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτόθιthereD · αὐτόθιadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τρίτηςthirdA1 GSF · τρίτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentτρίτος: rendered here as 'third' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σταθὲνset / weighVC · αππνσν ἵστημιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἵστημι: rendered here as 'set / weigh' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀργύριον: rendered here as 'silver' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a nominative termχρυσίον: rendered here as 'gold' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παρεδόθηδίδωμι + παραVCI API3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι + παρα: rendered here as 'δίδωμι + παρα' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΜαρμωθιMarmothN DSM · Μαρμωθιnominal term functioning as a nominal termMarmoth: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΟυριαUriahN GSM · Ὀυρίαςnominal term functioning as a nominal termUriah: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἱερεῖpriestN3V DSM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
62
καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ Ελεαζαρ ὁ τοῦ Φινεες καὶ ἦσαν μετ' αὐτῶν Ιωσαβδος Ἰησοῦ καὶ Μωεθ Σαβαννου οἱ Λευῖται πρὸς ἀριθμὸν καὶ ὁλκὴν ἅπαντα καὶ ἐγράφη πᾶσα ἡ ὁλκὴ αὐτῶν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ
and with him was Eleazar son of Phinehas, and with them were the Levites Jozabad son of Jeshua and Moeth son of Sabannus, by number and by weight, all of it; and the whole weight of them was recorded at that very hour.
Named priests and Levites verify the weights, and the record is written immediately, marking the handover as fully auditable.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarN NSM · Ελεαζαρnominal term functioning as a nominal termEleazar: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΦινεεςPhinehasN GSM · Φινεεςnominal term functioning as a nominal termPhinehas: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'were' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΙωσαβδοςJozabadN NSM · Ἰώσαβδοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termJozabad: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἸησοῦJoshuaN GSM · Ἰησοῦςnominal term functioning as a nominal termJoshua: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΜωεθMoethN NSM · Μωεθnominal term functioning as a nominal termMoeth: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΣαβαννουSabannusN GSM · Σάβαννοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termSabannus: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a nominative termΛευείτης: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀριθμός: rendered here as 'number' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὁλκὴνweightN1 ASF · ὁλκήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementὁλκή: rendered here as 'weight' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἅπανταallA3 NPN · ἅπαςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἅπας: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐγράφηwriteVDI API3S · γράφωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγράφω: rendered here as 'write' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὁλκὴweightN1 NSF · ὁλκήnominal term functioning as a nominative termὁλκή: rendered here as 'weight' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνhe / him / hisRD GPN · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
αὐτῇhe / she / itRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ὥρᾳoraN1A DSF · ὥραnominal term functioning as a dative complementὥρα: rendered here as 'ora' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
63
οἱ δὲ παραγενόμενοι ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας προσήνεγκαν θυσίας τῷ θεῷ τοῦ Ισραηλ κυρίῳ ταύρους δώδεκα ὑπὲρ παντὸς Ισραηλ κριοὺς ἐνενήκοντα ἕξ ἄρνας ἑβδομήκοντα δύο τράγους ὑπὲρ σωτηρίου δέκα δύο ἅπαντα θυσίαν τῷ κυρίῳ
And those who had arrived from the captivity offered sacrifices to the Lord God of Israel: twelve bulls for all Israel, ninety-six rams, seventy-two lambs, and twelve goats for a peace offering, all as a sacrifice to the Lord.
The caravan's arrival culminates in corporate sacrifice for all Israel, linking safe travel to restored worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
παραγενόμενοιarriveVB · αμπνπμ γίγνομαι + παραparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseγίγνομαι + παρα: rendered here as 'arrive' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentαἰχμαλωσία: rendered here as 'captivity' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
προσήνεγκανbring / presentVAI AAI3P · φέρω + προςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionφέρω + προς: rendered here as 'bring / present' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A APF · θυσίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθυσία: rendered here as 'sacrifice' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementθεός: rendered here as 'God' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταύρουςbullN2 APM · ταῦροςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementταῦρος: rendered here as 'bull' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δώδεκαtwelveM · δώδεκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwelve: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
κριοὺςramN2 APM · κριόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκριός: rendered here as 'ram' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνενήκονταninetyM · ἐνενήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termninety: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἕξsixM · ἕξnominal term functioning as a nominal termsix: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἄρναςlambN3 APM · ἀρνόςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀρνός: rendered here as 'lamb' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταnominal term functioning as a nominal termseventy: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
δύοtwoM · δύοnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwo: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τράγουςgoatN2 APM · τράγοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementτράγος: rendered here as 'goat' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
σωτηρίουpeace offeringN2N GSN · σωτήριονnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentσωτήριον: rendered here as 'peace offering' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnominal term functioning as a nominal termten: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
δύοtwoM · δύοnominal term functioning as a nominal termtwo: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἅπανταeverythingA3 APN · ἅπαςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἅπας: rendered here as 'everything' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθυσία: rendered here as 'sacrifice' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
64
καὶ ἀπέδωκαν τὰ προστάγματα τοῦ βασιλέως τοῖς βασιλικοῖς οἰκονόμοις καὶ τοῖς ἐπάρχοις Κοίλης Συρίας καὶ Φοινίκης καὶ ἐδόξασαν τὸ ἔθνος καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου
And they delivered the king's ordinances to the royal stewards and to the governors of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, and they honored the nation and the sanctuary of the Lord.
The king's decrees are also delivered to the regional administrators, who in turn honor both the people and the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀπέδωκανthey renderedVAI AAI3P · δίδωμι + ἀποfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι + ἀπο: rendered here as 'they rendered' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
προστάγματαdecreeN3M APN · πρόσταγμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπρόσταγμα: rendered here as 'decree' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλικοῖςroyalA1 DPM · βασιλικόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementβασιλικός: rendered here as 'royal' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οἰκονόμοιςstewardN2 DPM · οἰκονόμοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementοἰκονόμος: rendered here as 'steward' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐπάρχοιςgovernorN2 DPM · ἔπαρχοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἔπαρχος: rendered here as 'governor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΚοίληςCoeleN1 GSF · Κοίληnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentCoele: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentSyria: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΦοινίκηςPhoeniciaN1 GSF · Φοινίκηnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentPhoenicia: the coastal province paired with Syria in the administrative geography of 1 Esdras.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐδόξασανglorifyVAI AAI3P · δοξάζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδοξάζω: rendered here as 'glorify' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὸνholy / sanctuaryA1A ASM · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
65
καὶ τούτων τελεσθέντων προσήλθοσάν μοι οἱ ἡγούμενοι λέγοντες
When these things had been completed, the leaders approached me, saying,
Just when the temple mission appears complete, the leaders bring Ezra a grave report that shifts the chapter into moral crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τούτωνthis / theseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τελεσθέντωνcompleteVS · αππγπν τελέωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseτελέω: rendered here as 'complete' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
προσήλθοσάνἔρχομαιVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + προςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι + προς: rendered here as 'ἔρχομαι' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μοιIRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡγούμενοιleading / captainsV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι: rendered here as 'leading / captains' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
λέγοντεςsay / callV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseλέγω: rendered here as 'say / call' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
66
οὐκ ἐχώρισαν τὸ ἔθνος τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται τὰ ἀλλογενῆ ἔθνη τῆς γῆς καὶ τὰς ἀκαθαρσίας αὐτῶν Χαναναίων καὶ Χετταίων καὶ Φερεζαίων καὶ Ιεβουσαίων καὶ Μωαβιτῶν καὶ Αἰγυπτίων καὶ Ιδουμαίων
'The nation of Israel and the rulers and the priests and the Levites have not separated themselves from the foreign peoples of the land and from their uncleannesses: Canaanites and Hittites and Perizzites and Jebusites and Moabites and Egyptians and Edomites.
The accusation is covenantal rather than ethnic in the abstract: Israel's leaders and clergy have not separated from the pollutions of the surrounding nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐχώρισανset apartVAI AAI3P · χωρίζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionχωρίζω: rendered here as 'set apart' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔθνοςnationN3E NSN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominal term functioning as a nominative termἄρχων: rendered here as 'rulers' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΛευῖταιΛευείτηςN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a nominative termΛευείτης: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀλλογενῆforeignA3H APN · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: rendered here as 'foreign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessN1A APF · ἀκαθαρσίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἀκαθαρσία: rendered here as 'uncleanness' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ΧαναναίωνCanaanitesN2 GPM · Χαναναῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentCanaanites: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΧετταίωνHittitesN2 GPM · Χετταῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentHittites: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΦερεζαίωνPerizzitesN2 GPM · Φερεζαῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentPerizzites: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΙεβουσαίωνJebusiteN2 GPM · Ιεβουσαῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentJebusite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΜωαβιτῶνMoabitesN1M GPM · Μωαβείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentMoabites: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΑἰγυπτίωνEgyptiansN2 GPM · Αἰγύπτιοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentEgyptians: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΙδουμαίωνEdomitesN2 GPM · Ιδουμαῖοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentEdomites: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
67
συνῴκησαν γὰρ μετὰ τῶν θυγατέρων αὐτῶν καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπεμίγη τὸ σπέρμα τὸ ἅγιον εἰς τὰ ἀλλογενῆ ἔθνη τῆς γῆς καὶ μετεῖχον οἱ προηγούμενοι καὶ οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς ἀνομίας ταύτης ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ πράγματος
For they have lived with their daughters, both they and their sons, and the holy seed has been mixed with the foreign peoples of the land; and the leaders and the great men have shared in this lawlessness from the beginning of the matter.'
The report presses the danger to its theological edge by saying that the holy seed has been mixed and that the leading men were first in the trespass.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
συνῴκησανlive withVAI AAI3P · οἰκέω + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionοἰκέω + συν: rendered here as 'live with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θυγατέρωνdaughterN3 GPF · θυγάτηρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθυγάτηρ: rendered here as 'daughter' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a nominative termυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐπεμίγηmix withVDI API3S · μίγνυμι + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionμίγνυμι + ἐπι: rendered here as 'mix with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σπέρμαseedN3M NSN · σπέρμαnominal term functioning as a nominative termσπέρμα: rendered here as 'seed' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἅγιονholyA1A NSN · ἅγιοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἅγιος: rendered here as 'holy' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀλλογενῆforeignA3H APN · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: rendered here as 'foreign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
μετεῖχονshare inV1I IAI3P · ἔχω + μεταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔχω + μετα: rendered here as 'share in' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
προηγούμενοιpmpnpm egeomai + proV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαι + προparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἡγέομαι + προ: rendered here as 'pmpnpm egeomai + pro' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μεγιστᾶνεςmagnateN3 NPM · μεγιστάνnominal term functioning as a nominative termμεγιστάν: rendered here as 'magnate' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A GSF · ἀνομίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀνομία: rendered here as 'lawlessness' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταύτηςthis / theseRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀρχῆςbeginningN1 GSF · ἀρχήnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀρχή: rendered here as 'beginning' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πράγματοςmatterN3M GSN · πρᾶγμαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπρᾶγμα: rendered here as 'matter' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
68
καὶ ἅμα τῷ ἀκοῦσαί με ταῦτα διέρρηξα τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν ἐσθῆτα καὶ κατέτιλα τοῦ τριχώματος τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ τοῦ πώγωνος καὶ ἐκάθισα σύννους καὶ περίλυπος
And as soon as I heard these things, I tore my garments and the holy robe, and I pulled out hair from my head and beard, and I sat down bewildered and grieved.
Ezra answers the report with ritualized mourning: torn garments, plucked hair, stunned silence, and deep sorrow.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἅμαas soon asD · ἅμαadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀκοῦσαίhearVA AAN · ἀκούωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentἀκούω: rendered here as 'hear' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ταῦταthis / theseRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
διέρρηξαtoreVAI AAI1S · ῥήγνυμι + διαfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionῥήγνυμι + δια: rendered here as 'tore' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἱμάτιον: rendered here as 'garments' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὰνholy / sanctuaryA1A ASF · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐσθῆταrobeN3T ASF · ἐσθήςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐσθής: rendered here as 'robe' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
κατέτιλαpluck outVAI AAI3S · τίλλω + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτίλλω + κατα: rendered here as 'pluck out' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τριχώματοςhairN3M GSN · τρίχωμαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentτρίχωμα: rendered here as 'hair' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκεφαλή: rendered here as 'head' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πώγωνοςbeardN3W GSM · πώγωνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπώγων: rendered here as 'beard' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκάθισαsatVAI AAI1S · ἵζω + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἵζω + κατα: rendered here as 'sat' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σύννουςstunned / broodingN2C NSM · σύννουςnominal term functioning as a nominative termσύννους: rendered here as 'stunned / brooding' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
περίλυποςgrievedA1B NSM · περίλυποςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπερίλυπος: rendered here as 'grieved' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
69
καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν πρός με ὅσοι ποτὲ ἐπεκινοῦντο τῷ ῥήματι κυρίου τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐμοῦ πενθοῦντος ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνομίᾳ καὶ ἐκαθήμην περίλυπος ἕως τῆς δειλινῆς θυσίας
And to me were gathered all who were ever moved at the word of the Lord God of Israel, while I mourned over the lawlessness; and I sat grieving until the evening sacrifice.
Others who tremble at the Lord's word gather around Ezra, and the communal grief lasts until the evening offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐπισυνήχθησανassembleVQI API3P · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἄγω + ἐπι + συν: rendered here as 'assemble' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ποτὲat any timeD · ποτέadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐπεκινοῦντοbe stirredV2I IMI3P · κινέω + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκινέω + ἐπι: rendered here as 'be stirred' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ῥήματιwordN3M DSN · ῥῆμαnominal term functioning as a dative complementῥῆμα: rendered here as 'word' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
πενθοῦντοςmournV2 · παπγσμ πενθέωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseπενθέω: rendered here as 'mourn' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπὶon / at / overP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνομίᾳlawlessnessN1A DSF · ἀνομίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀνομία: rendered here as 'lawlessness' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκαθήμηνremained seatedV1I IMI1S · ἧμαι + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἧμαι + κατα: rendered here as 'remained seated' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
περίλυποςgrievedA1B NSM · περίλυποςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπερίλυπος: rendered here as 'grieved' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δειλινῆςeveningA1 GSF · δειλινόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentδειλινός: rendered here as 'evening' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
θυσίαςsacrificeN1A GSF · θυσίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentθυσία: rendered here as 'sacrifice' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
70
καὶ ἐξεγερθεὶς ἐκ τῆς νηστείας διερρηγμένα ἔχων τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν ἐσθῆτα κάμψας τὰ γόνατα καὶ ἐκτείνας τὰς χεῖρας πρὸς τὸν κύριον ἔλεγον
Then, rising from the fast, with my garments and holy robe torn, I bent my knees and stretched out my hands to the Lord and said,
The lament becomes explicit prayer as Ezra rises from fasting, kneels, stretches out his hands, and begins to speak.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐξεγερθεὶςrise fromVC · αππνσμ ἐγείρω + ἐκparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἐγείρω + ἐκ: rendered here as 'rise from' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νηστείαςfastN1A GSF · νηστείαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentνηστεία: rendered here as 'fast' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
διερρηγμέναVMI XMPAPN R(H/GNUMI DIAVMI XMPAPN R(H/GNUMI DIAinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentVMI XMPAPN R(H/GNUMI DIA: rendered here as 'VMI XMPAPN R(H/GNUMI DIA' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔχωνhave / standV1 · παπνσμ ἔχωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἔχω: rendered here as 'have / stand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἱμάτιον: rendered here as 'garments' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὰνholy / sanctuaryA1A ASF · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐσθῆταrobeN3T ASF · ἐσθήςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐσθής: rendered here as 'robe' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κάμψαςbendVA · ααπνσμ κάμπτωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseκάμπτω: rendered here as 'bend' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γόναταkneeN3 APN · γόνυnominal term functioning as a accusative complementγόνυ: rendered here as 'knee' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκτείναςstretch outVA · ααπνσμ τείνω + ἐκparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseτείνω + ἐκ: rendered here as 'stretch out' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχείρ: rendered here as 'hand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔλεγονsay / callV1I IAI1S · λέγωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionλέγω: rendered here as 'say / call' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
71
κύριε ᾔσχυμμαι ἐντέτραμμαι κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου
'Lord, I am ashamed and confounded before your face.
The prayer starts with personal shame before God, setting the proper posture for the corporate confession that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a vocative addressκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ᾔσχυμμαιbe ashamedVM XMI1S · αἰσχύνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionαἰσχύνω: rendered here as 'be ashamed' in Ezra's opening confession of shame before God.
ἐντέτραμμαιbe confoundedVP XMI1S · τρέπω + ἐνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτρέπω + ἐν: rendered here as 'be confounded' in Ezra's opening confession of shame before God.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
πρόσωπόνface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπρόσωπον: rendered here as 'face / presence' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
72
αἱ γὰρ ἁμαρτίαι ἡμῶν ἐπλεόνασαν ὑπὲρ τὰς κεφαλὰς ἡμῶν αἱ δὲ ἄγνοιαι ἡμῶν ὑπερήνεγκαν ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ
For our sins have multiplied beyond our heads, and our ignorances have risen up as high as heaven.
Israel's guilt is pictured as overflowing upward beyond all proportion, reaching even to heaven.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἁμαρτίαιsinN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a nominative termἁμαρτία: rendered here as 'sin' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐπλεόνασανmultiplyVAI AAI3P · πλεονάζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionπλεονάζω: rendered here as 'multiply' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κεφαλὰςhead / capitalN1 APF · κεφαλήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκεφαλή: rendered here as 'head / capital' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δὲbutX · δέnominal term functioning as a nominal termbut: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἄγνοιαιignoranceN1A NPF · ἄγνοιαnominal term functioning as a nominative termἄγνοια: rendered here as 'ignorance' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ὑπερήνεγκανrise beyondVAI AAI3P · φέρω + ὑπερfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionφέρω + ὑπερ: rendered here as 'rise beyond' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentοὐρανός: rendered here as 'heaven' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
73
ἀπὸ τῶν χρόνων τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν καί ἐσμεν ἐν μεγάλῃ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης
From the times of our fathers until this day we have been in great sin,
Ezra frames the present failure as the continuation of a long ancestral history of sin rather than a sudden anomaly.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
χρόνωνtimeN2 GPM · χρόνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentχρόνος: rendered here as 'time' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπατήρ: rendered here as 'fathers' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καίandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐσμενbeV9 PAI1P · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'be' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a dative complementμέγας: rendered here as 'great' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἁμαρτίᾳsinN1A DSF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementἁμαρτία: rendered here as 'sin' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταύτηςthis / theseRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
74
καὶ διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν καὶ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν παρεδόθημεν σὺν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἡμῶν καὶ σὺν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ σὺν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἡμῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν τῆς γῆς εἰς ῥομφαίαν καὶ αἰχμαλωσίαν καὶ προνομὴν μετὰ αἰσχύνης μέχρι τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας
and because of our sins and those of our fathers we were handed over, together with our brothers and our kings and our priests, to the kings of the earth, to the sword and captivity and plundering, with shame, until this day.
The disasters of sword, captivity, plunder, and shame are interpreted as the just consequence of national sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἁμαρτία: rendered here as 'sin' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπατήρ: rendered here as 'fathers' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
παρεδόθημενto hand overVCI API1P · δίδωμι + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι + παρα: rendered here as 'to hand over' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀδελφός: rendered here as 'brother' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεῦσινkingN3V DPM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερεῦσινpriestN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλεῦσινkingN3V DPM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a dative complementβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementῥομφαία: rendered here as 'sword' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementαἰχμαλωσία: rendered here as 'captivity' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
προνομὴνplunderingN1 ASF · προνομήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπρονομή: rendered here as 'plundering' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αἰσχύνηςshameN1 GSF · αἰσχύνηnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentαἰσχύνη: rendered here as 'shame' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἡμέρα: rendered here as 'day' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
75
καὶ νῦν κατὰ πόσον τι ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν ἔλεος παρὰ σοῦ κύριε καταλειφθῆναι ἡμῖν ῥίζαν καὶ ὄνομα ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ ἁγιάσματός σου
And now, for a little while, mercy has come to us from you, Lord, to leave us a root and a name in the place of your sanctuary,
Against that backdrop Ezra marvels that a remnant-root and enduring name have still been granted at God's sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
πόσονhow much / how littleA1 NSN · πόσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπόσος: rendered here as 'how much / how little' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τιanythingRI NSN · τιςpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐγενήθηbe / becomeVCI API3S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἔλεος: rendered here as 'mercy' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a vocative addressκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καταλειφθῆναιleave behindVV APN · λείπω + καταinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentλείπω + κατα: rendered here as 'leave behind' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementῥίζα: root or surviving stock; in Ezra's prayer it becomes a remnant image for the precarious continued existence of restored Israel.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementὄνομα: rendered here as 'name' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςnominal term functioning as a dative complementτόπος: rendered here as 'place' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἁγιάσματόςsanctuaryN3M GSN · ἁγίασμαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἁγίασμα: rendered here as 'sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
76
καὶ τοῦ ἀνακαλύψαι φωστῆρα ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν δοῦναι ἡμῖν τροφὴν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς δουλείας ἡμῶν
and to uncover our light in the house of our Lord, to give us food in the time of our slavery.
The mercy is unpacked in restoration terms: light, food, and a livable condition within ongoing servitude.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνακαλύψαιbring to lightVA AAN · καλύπτω + ἀναinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentκαλύπτω + ἀνα: rendered here as 'bring to light' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
φωστῆραlightN3H ASM · φωστήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementφωστήρ: a light or luminary; metaphorically the rekindled vitality granted to the postexilic community.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementοἶκος: rendered here as 'house' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τροφὴνsustenanceN1 ASF · τροφήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementτροφή: rendered here as 'sustenance' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementκαιρός: rendered here as 'time' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δουλείαςslaveryN1A GSF · δουλείαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentδουλεία: rendered here as 'slavery' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
77
καὶ ἐν τῷ δουλεύειν ἡμᾶς οὐκ ἐγκατελείφθημεν ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς ἐν χάριτι ἐνώπιον τῶν βασιλέων Περσῶν
Even while we were enslaved, we were not forsaken by our Lord, but he made us objects of favor before the kings of the Persians,
Even in slavery Israel was not abandoned; divine favor has worked through Persian rulers rather than apart from them.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
δουλεύεινto serveV1 PAN · δουλεύωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδουλεύω: rendered here as 'to serve' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐγκατελείφθημενthey forsookVVI API1P · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionλείπω + ἐν + κατα: rendered here as 'they forsook' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑπὸunder / byP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionποιέω: rendered here as 'did' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
χάριτιfavorN3T DSF · χάριςnominal term functioning as a dative complementχάρις: rendered here as 'favor' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνώπιονinP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
βασιλέωνkingN3V GPM · βασιλεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentβασιλεύς: rendered here as 'king' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentPersians: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
78
δοῦναι ἡμῖν τροφὴν καὶ δοξάσαι τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ ἐγεῖραι τὴν ἔρημον Σιων δοῦναι ἡμῖν στερέωμα ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ καὶ Ιερουσαλημ
to give us sustenance and to glorify the sanctuary of our Lord and to raise up desolate Zion, to give us a stronghold in Judea and Jerusalem.
The restoration is described as the revivifying of the sanctuary and the giving of a foothold in Judea and Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τροφὴνsustenanceN1 ASF · τροφήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementτροφή: rendered here as 'sustenance' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
δοξάσαιglorifyVA AAN · δοξάζωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδοξάζω: rendered here as 'glorify' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερὸνholy / sanctuaryA1A ASN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐγεῖραιto stir upVA AAN · ἐγείρωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentἐγείρω: rendered here as 'to stir up' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔρημονερημοςN2 ASF · ἐρῆμοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἐρῆμος: rendered here as 'ερημος' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΣιωνZionN GS · Σιωνnominal term functioning as a nominal termZion: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
στερέωμαfirm standingN3M ASN · στερέωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementστερέωμα: stability, support, or firm standing; here the foothold granted in Judah and Jerusalem after exile.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙουδαίᾳJudeaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementJudea: the land whose affairs Ezra is commissioned to inspect according to the Lord's law.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
79
καὶ νῦν τί ἐροῦμεν κύριε ἔχοντες ταῦτα παρέβημεν γὰρ τὰ προστάγματά σου ἃ ἔδωκας ἐν χειρὶ τῶν παίδων σου τῶν προφητῶν λέγων ὅτι
And now what shall we say, Lord, after receiving these things? For we have transgressed your commandments, which you gave by the hand of your servants the prophets, saying,
Having named mercy, Ezra now names the scandal: after receiving all this, the people have broken the commandments again.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐροῦμενsaidVF2 FAI1P · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἶπον: rendered here as 'said' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a vocative addressκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔχοντεςhave / standV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἔχω: rendered here as 'have / stand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ταῦταthis / theseRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
παρέβημενto step awayVZI AAI1P · βαίνω + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionβαίνω + παρα: rendered here as 'to step away' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
προστάγματάdecreeN3M APN · πρόσταγμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπρόσταγμα: rendered here as 'decree' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἔδωκαςgiveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρnominal term functioning as a dative complementχείρ: rendered here as 'hand' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
παίδωνservantN3D GPM · παῖςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπαῖς: rendered here as 'servant' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
προφητῶνprophetN1M GPM · προφήτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentπροφήτης: rendered here as 'prophet' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
λέγωνsay / callV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseλέγω: rendered here as 'say / call' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
80
ἡ γῆ εἰς ἣν εἰσέρχεσθε κληρονομῆσαι ἔστιν γῆ μεμολυσμένη μολυσμῷ τῶν ἀλλογενῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς ἀκαθαρσίας αὐτῶν ἐνέπλησαν αὐτήν
'The land which you are entering to inherit is a land defiled by the defilement of the foreigners of the land, and by their uncleanness they have filled it.'
The first citation recalls the land as already polluted by the uncleanness of its foreign peoples.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a nominative termγῆ: rendered here as 'land / earth' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰσέρχεσθεερχομαι + ειςV1 PMI2P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι + εἰς: rendered here as 'ερχομαι + εις' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κληρονομῆσαιinheritVA AAN · κληρονομέωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentκληρονομέω: rendered here as 'inherit' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'there is' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a nominative termγῆ: rendered here as 'land / earth' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μεμολυσμένηdefileVT · χμπνσφ μολύνωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseμολύνω: rendered here as 'defile' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μολυσμῷdefilementN2 DSM · μολυσμόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementμολυσμός: rendered here as 'defilement' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀλλογενῶνforeignA3H GPM · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἀλλογενής: rendered here as 'foreign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀκαθαρσίαςuncleannessN1A GSF · ἀκαθαρσίαnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἀκαθαρσία: rendered here as 'uncleanness' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐνέπλησανfillVAI AAI3P · πίμπλημι + ἐνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionπίμπλημι + ἐν: rendered here as 'fill' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
81
καὶ νῦν τὰς θυγατέρας ὑμῶν μὴ συνοικίσητε τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῶν μὴ λάβητε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν
Therefore do not give your daughters in marriage to their sons, and do not take their daughters for your sons.
The second line of the citation states the ban on intermarriage in direct, practical terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθυγάτηρ: rendered here as 'daughter' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
συνοικίσητεintermarryVA AAS2P · οἰκίζω + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionοἰκίζω + συν: rendered here as 'intermarry' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρnominal term functioning as a accusative complementθυγάτηρ: rendered here as 'daughter' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
λάβητεseized / took hold ofVB AAS2P · λαμβάνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionλαμβάνω: rendered here as 'seized / took hold of' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
82
καὶ οὐ ζητήσετε εἰρηνεῦσαι τὰ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον ἵνα ἰσχύσαντες φάγητε τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῆς γῆς καὶ κατακληρονομήσητε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν ἕως αἰῶνος
And you shall never seek terms of peace with them, so that, growing strong, you may eat the good things of the land and leave it as an inheritance to your sons forever.'
The prohibition carries a long-range covenant logic: no compromise, so that the land's good may remain Israel's inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ζητήσετεseekVF FAI2P · ζητέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionζητέω: rendered here as 'seek' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰρηνεῦσαιbe at peaceVA AAN · εἰρηνεύωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentεἰρηνεύω: rendered here as 'be at peace' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἅπανταallA3 ASM · ἅπαςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἅπας: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementχρόνος: rendered here as 'time' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἵναιναC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἰσχύσαντεςgrow strongVA · ααπνπμ ἰσχύωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἰσχύω: rendered here as 'grow strong' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
φάγητεeatsVB AAS2P · ἐσθίωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἐσθίω: rendered here as 'eats' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀγαθός: rendered here as 'good things' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
κατακληρονομήσητεleave as inheritanceVA AAS2P · κληρονομέω + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκληρονομέω + κατα: rendered here as 'leave as inheritance' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a dative complementυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentαἰών: rendered here as 'age / forever' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
83
καὶ τὰ συμβαίνοντα πάντα ἡμῖν γίγνεται διὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν τὰ πονηρὰ καὶ τὰς μεγάλας ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν
And all that has happened to us has come about because of our evil deeds and our great sins.
Ezra returns from quotation to confession, restating that the nation's troubles arise from its own evil deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle governing a nominative termThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
συμβαίνονταpapnpn baino + synV1 · παπνπν βαίνω + συνparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseβαίνω + συν: rendered here as 'papnpn baino + syn' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
γίγνεταιbe / becomeV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἔργον: rendered here as 'work' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πονηρὰevilA1A APN · πονηρόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπονηρός: rendered here as 'evil' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μεγάλαςgreatA1 APF · μέγαςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementμέγας: rendered here as 'great' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἁμαρτία: rendered here as 'sin' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
84
σὺ γάρ κύριε ἐκούφισας τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν καὶ ἔδωκας ἡμῖν τοιαύτην ῥίζαν πάλιν ἀνεκάμψαμεν παραβῆναι τὸν νόμον σου εἰς τὸ ἐπιμιγῆναι τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς
Yet you, Lord, have lightened our sins and have given us such a root. Shall we turn back again to transgress your law by mixing with the uncleanness of the nations of the land?
The heart of the complaint is paradoxical: after God reduced the weight of sin and preserved a remnant, Israel has repeated the same rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
γάρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a vocative addressκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκούφισαςlightenVAI AAI2S · κουφίζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκουφίζω: rendered here as 'lighten' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἁμαρτία: rendered here as 'sin' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἔδωκαςgiveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionδίδωμι: rendered here as 'give' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τοιαύτηνsuchA1 ASF · τοιοῦτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementτοιοῦτος: rendered here as 'such' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementῥίζα: root or surviving stock; in Ezra's prayer it becomes a remnant image for the precarious continued existence of restored Israel.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἀνεκάμψαμενreturnVAI AAI1P · κάμπτω + ἀναfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκάμπτω + ἀνα: rendered here as 'return' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
παραβῆναιto step awayVB AAN · βαίνω + παραinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentβαίνω + παρα: rendered here as 'to step away' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐπιμιγῆναιmix withVD APN · μίγνυμι + ἐπιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentμίγνυμι + ἐπι: rendered here as 'mix with' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀκαθαρσίᾳuncleannessN1A DSF · ἀκαθαρσίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀκαθαρσία: rendered here as 'uncleanness' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
85
οὐχὶ ὠργίσθης ἡμῖν ἀπολέσαι ἡμᾶς ἕως τοῦ μὴ καταλιπεῖν ῥίζαν καὶ σπέρμα καὶ ὄνομα ἡμῶν
Would you not be angry with us to destroy us, so that no root or seed or name of us should be left?
Ezra asks whether such renewed covenant-breaking can lead only to total destruction of root, seed, and name.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ὠργίσθηςbe angryVSI API2S · ὀργίζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionὀργίζω: rendered here as 'be angry' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀπολέσαιὀλλύωVA AAN · ὀλλύω + ἀποinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentὀλλύω + ἀπο: rendered here as 'ὀλλύω' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμᾶςIRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
καταλιπεῖνthey leftVB AAN · λείπω + καταinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentλείπω + κατα: rendered here as 'they left' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ῥίζανrootN1S ASF · ῥίζαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementῥίζα: root or surviving stock; in Ezra's prayer it becomes a remnant image for the precarious continued existence of restored Israel.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementσπέρμα: rendered here as 'seed' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementὄνομα: rendered here as 'name' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
86
κύριε τοῦ Ισραηλ ἀληθινὸς εἶ κατελείφθημεν γὰρ ῥίζα ἐν τῇ σήμερον
Lord God of Israel, you are true, for we have been left as a root to this day.
The final turn acknowledges the Lord's truth and righteousness even while clinging to the fact that a root still remains.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a vocative addressκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἀληθινὸςtrueA1 NSM · ἀληθινόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termἀληθινός: rendered here as 'true' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'be' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κατελείφθημενleave behindVVI API1P · λείπω + καταfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionλείπω + κατα: rendered here as 'leave behind' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ῥίζαrootN1S NSF · ῥίζαnominal term functioning as a nominative termῥίζα: root or surviving stock; in Ezra's prayer it becomes a remnant image for the precarious continued existence of restored Israel.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
87
ἰδοὺ νῦν ἐσμεν ἐνώπιόν σου ἐν ταῖς ἀνομίαις ἡμῶν οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν στῆναι ἔτι ἔμπροσθέν σου ἐπὶ τούτοις
Behold, now we are before you in our lawlessness, for there is no longer any standing before you on account of these things.'
The prayer ends without excuse: Israel stands before God in guilt and has no claim to remain upright before him.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούnominal term functioning as a nominal termbehold: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐσμενbeV9 PAI1P · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'be' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνώπιόνbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀνομίαιςlawlessnessN1A DPF · ἀνομίαnominal term functioning as a dative complementἀνομία: rendered here as 'lawlessness' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'there is' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
στῆναιset / weighVH AAN · ἵστημιinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentἵστημι: rendered here as 'set / weigh' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἔμπροσθένbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἐπὶon / at / overP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τούτοιςthis / theseRD DPN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
88
καὶ ὅτε προσευχόμενος Εσδρας ἀνθωμολογεῖτο κλαίων χαμαιπετὴς ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐπισυνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ Ιερουσαλημ ὄχλος πολὺς σφόδρα ἄνδρες καὶ γυναῖκες καὶ νεανίαι κλαυθμὸς γὰρ ἦν μέγας ἐν τῷ πλήθει
And while Esdras was praying and making confession, weeping as he lay face-down before the sanctuary, a very great crowd gathered to him from Jerusalem, men and women and young people; for there was great weeping among the multitude.
Ezra's confession immediately draws a large crowd into the same grief, showing that the crisis has become communal and urgent.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
προσευχόμενοςπμπνσμ εὔχομαιV1 · πμπνσμ εὔχομαι + προςparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseεὔχομαι + προς: rendered here as 'πμπνσμ εὔχομαι' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
ἀνθωμολογεῖτοmake confessionV2I IMI3S · ὁμολογέω + ἀντιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionὁμολογέω + ἀντι: rendered here as 'make confession' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κλαίωνweepV1 · παπνσμ κλαίωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseκλαίω: rendered here as 'weep' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
χαμαιπετὴςprostrate on the groundA3H NSM · χαμαιπετήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termχαμαιπετής: rendered here as 'prostrate on the ground' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱεροῦholy / sanctuaryA1A GSN · ἱερόςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἱερός: rendered here as 'holy / sanctuary' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐπισυνήχθησανassembleVQI API3P · ἄγω + ἐπι + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἄγω + ἐπι + συν: rendered here as 'assemble' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal term functioning as a nominal termJerusalem: the city of the temple and goal of the return caravan; the chapter repeatedly measures royal policy against the needs of this sanctuary-city.
ὄχλοςcrowdN2 NSM · ὄχλοςnominal term functioning as a nominative termὄχλος: rendered here as 'crowd' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πολὺςgreatA1P NSM · πολύςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termπολύς: rendered here as 'great' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: rendered here as 'man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
γυναῖκεςwife/womanN3K NPF · γυνήnominal term functioning as a nominative termγυνή: rendered here as 'wife/woman' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
νεανίαιyoung manN1T NPM · νεανίαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termνεανίας: rendered here as 'young man' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κλαυθμὸςweepingN2 NSM · κλαυθμόςnominal term functioning as a nominative termκλαυθμός: rendered here as 'weeping' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'was' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termμέγας: rendered here as 'great' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementπλῆθος: rendered here as 'multitude' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
89
καὶ φωνήσας Ιεχονιας Ιεηλου τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ εἶπεν Εσδρα ἡμεῖς ἡμάρτομεν εἰς τὸν κύριον καὶ συνῳκίσαμεν γυναῖκας ἀλλογενεῖς ἐκ τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ νῦν ἐστιν ἐλπὶς τῷ Ισραηλ
Then Jechonias son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Israel, called out and said to Esdras, 'We have sinned against the Lord and have taken foreign women from the peoples of the land; yet even now there is hope for Israel in this matter.
A representative Israelite answers Ezra by confessing the sin yet insisting that hope remains if decisive obedience follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
φωνήσαςhaving cried outVA · ααπνσμ φωνέωparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseφωνέω: rendered here as 'having cried out' as Jechonias publicly answers Ezra's prayer.
ΙεχονιαςJechoniasN1T NSM · Ἰεχονίαςnominal term functioning as a nominative termJechonias: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ΙεηλουJehielN GSM · Ἰέηλοςnominal term functioning as a nominal termJehiel: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentυἱός: rendered here as 'son' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἶπον: rendered here as 'said' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ΕσδραEsdrasN DSM · Ἔσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
ἡμεῖςIRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἡμάρτομενI have sinnedVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionἁμαρτάνω: rendered here as 'I have sinned' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
συνῳκίσαμενintermarryVAI AAI1P · οἰκίζω + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionοἰκίζω + συν: rendered here as 'intermarry' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementγυνή: rendered here as 'wives' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignA3H APF · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementἀλλογενής: rendered here as 'foreign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἔθνος: rendered here as 'nation' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentγῆ: rendered here as 'land' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or discourse-level modifierAn adverbial or discourse particle shaping connection, manner, emphasis, or sequence in the surrounding clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionεἰμί: rendered here as 'be' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐλπὶςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominal term functioning as a nominative termἐλπίς: rendered here as 'hope' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
90
ἐν τούτῳ γενέσθω ἡμῖν ὁρκωμοσία πρὸς τὸν κύριον ἐκβαλεῖν πάσας τὰς γυναῖκας ἡμῶν τὰς ἐκ τῶν ἀλλογενῶν σὺν τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῶν ὡς ἐκρίθη σοι καὶ ὅσοι πειθαρχοῦσιν τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ κυρίου
So let there be an oath for us to the Lord, to put away all our foreign wives together with their children, as it has been decided by you and by all who obey the law of the Lord.
The proposed remedy is solemn and severe: an oath to dismiss the foreign wives and children in submission to the law.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τούτῳthis / theseRD DSN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
γενέσθωbe / becomeVB AMD3S · γίγνομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: rendered here as 'be / become' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ὁρκωμοσίαoathN1A NSF · ὁρκωμοσίαnominal term functioning as a nominative termὁρκωμοσία: a sworn undertaking that binds the community to a concrete course of reform.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἐκβαλεῖνdrove outVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐκinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentβάλλω + ἐκ: rendered here as 'drove out' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήnominal term functioning as a accusative complementγυνή: rendered here as 'wives' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἐκfrom / out ofP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἀλλογενῶνforeignA3H GPM · ἀλλογενήςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentἀλλογενής: rendered here as 'foreign' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
τέκνοιςchildN2N DPN · τέκνονnominal term functioning as a dative complementτέκνον: rendered here as 'child' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἐκρίθηjudgeVCI API3S · κρίνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionκρίνω: rendered here as 'judge' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form functioning as a dative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative termὅσος: rendered here as 'as many as' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πειθαρχοῦσινobeyV2 PAI3P · πειθαρχέωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionπειθαρχέω: rendered here as 'obey' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle governing a dative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementνόμος: rendered here as 'law' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentκύριος: rendered here as 'Lord' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
91
ἀναστὰς ἐπιτέλει πρὸς σὲ γὰρ τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ ἡμεῖς μετὰ σοῦ ἰσχὺν ποιεῖν
Rise and act, for the matter is yours, and we are with you. Be strong and do it.'
Jechonias closes by urging Ezra to take leadership, promising the community's solidarity and strength behind him.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀναστὰςhaving arisenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀναparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: rendered here as 'having arisen' to mark decisive movement from speech into action.
ἐπιτέλειperformV2 PAD2S · τελέω + ἐπιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionτελέω + ἐπι: rendered here as 'perform' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρnominal term functioning as a nominal termfor: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
πρᾶγμαmatterN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complementπρᾶγμα: rendered here as 'matter' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἡμεῖςIRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a nominative termA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form functioning as a genitive dependentA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementἰσχύς: rendered here as 'strength' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
ποιεῖνdo / makeV2 PAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentποιέω: rendered here as 'do / make' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
92
καὶ ἀναστὰς Εσδρας ὥρκισεν τοὺς φυλάρχους τῶν ἱερέων καὶ Λευιτῶν παντὸς τοῦ Ισραηλ ποιῆσαι κατὰ ταῦτα καὶ ὤμοσαν
Then Esdras rose and put under oath the chiefs of the priests and Levites and of all Israel to do according to these things, and they swore.
The chapter closes with concrete action as Ezra binds the leaders and all Israel by oath to carry out the proposed reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ἀναστὰςhaving arisenVH · ααπνσμ ἵστημι + ἀναparticipial modifier qualifying the surrounding clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: rendered here as 'having arisen' to mark decisive movement from speech into action.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςnominal term functioning as a nominal termEsdras/Ezra: priestly scribe and reforming leader whose genealogy, mission, prayer, and covenantal action govern the whole chapter.
ὥρκισενput under oathVAI AAI3S · ὁρκίζωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionὁρκίζω: rendered here as 'put under oath' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle governing a accusative complementThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
φυλάρχουςchiefN2 APM · φύλαρχοςnominal term functioning as a accusative complementφύλαρχος: rendered here as 'chief' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentἱερεύς: rendered here as 'priest' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ΛευιτῶνLeviteN1M GPM · Λευείτηςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependentLevite: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a genitive dependentπᾶς: rendered here as 'all' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle governing a genitive dependentThe Greek definite article marking the noun phrase as definite and helping signal case, gender, and number.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal term functioning as a nominal termIsrael: a transliterated proper name or toponym preserved by the Greek tradition in Ezra's genealogy, caravan register, decree, or reform narrative.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement expressing purpose or contentποιέω: rendered here as 'make / do' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complementA preposition introducing its complement and locating action, relation, source, goal, or standard within the clause.
ταῦταthis / theseRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a accusative complementA pronominal form marking person, reference, determination, or relation inside the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or itemA coordinating conjunction linking clauses, phrases, or list-items in this chapter's tightly connected narrative and documentary flow.
ὤμοσανsworeVAI AAI3P · ὄμνυμιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionὄμνυμι: rendered here as 'swore' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.