1
τότε Σισίννης ὁ ἔπαρχος Κοίλης Συρίας καὶ Φοινίκης καὶ Σαθραβουζάνης καὶ οἱ συνέταιροι κατακολουθήσαντες τοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως Δαρείου προσταγεῖσιν
Then Sisinnes governor of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, Sathrabuzanes, and their associates, following the commands issued by King Darius,
The chapter opens not with another dispute but with compliance. The same provincial officials who questioned the work are now shown following Darius’s command.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ΣισίννηςSisinnesN1M NSM · Σισίννηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionΣισίννης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔπαρχοςgovernorN2 NSM · ἔπαρχοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔπαρχος: meaning 'governor'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΚοίληςCoeleN1 GSF · Κοίληgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionΚοίλης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationΣυρίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦοινίκηςPhoeniciaN1 GSF · Φοινίκηgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionΦοινίκης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαθραβουζάνηςSathrabuzanesN1M NSM · Σαθραβουζάνηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionΣαθραβουζάνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέταιροιassociateN2 NPM · συνέταιροςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionσυνέταιρος: meaning 'associate'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατακολουθήσαντεςhaving followedVA · ααπνπμ ἀκολουθέω + καταparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyααπνπμ ἀκολουθέω + κατα: meaning 'having followed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπὸby / underP · ὑπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΔαρείου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
προσταγεῖσινhaving been commandedVD · αππδπμ τάσσω + προςparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyαππδπμ τάσσω + προς: meaning 'having been commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
2
ἐπεστάτουν τῶν ἱερῶν ἔργων ἐπιμελέστερον συνεργοῦντες τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις τῶν Ιουδαίων καὶ ἱεροστάταις
supervised the sacred works with greater care, working together with the elders of the Jews and the temple officials.
Imperial oversight has been converted from scrutiny into assistance. The governors supervise carefully while cooperating with Judean elders and cultic officers.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπεστάτουνsuperviseV2I IAI3P · ἐπιστατέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandἐπιστατέω: meaning 'supervise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερῶνsacred / holyA1A GPN · ἱερόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἔργωνworkN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἐπιμελέστερονcarefullyD · ἐπιμελῶςadverbial or discourse-marking modifierἐπιμελῶς: meaning 'carefully'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
συνεργοῦντεςworking togetherV2 · παπνπμ ἐργέω + συνparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyπαπνπμ ἐργέω + συν: meaning 'working together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέροιςelderN2 DPM · πρεσβύτεροςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίωνJewN2 GPM · Ἰουδαῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱεροστάταιςtemple officialN1M DPM · ἱεροστάτηςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect objectἱεροστάτης: meaning 'temple official'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
3
καὶ εὔοδα ἐγίνετο τὰ ἱερὰ ἔργα προφητευόντων Αγγαιου καὶ Ζαχαριου τῶν προφητῶν
And the sacred works prospered while Haggai and Zechariah the prophets were prophesying.
The sacred works prosper while Haggai and Zechariah continue to prophesy. Prophetic word and practical construction still run together.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὔοδαprosperousA1B NPN · εὔοδοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionεὔοδος: meaning 'prosperous'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγίνετοbecome / happenV1I IMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ imperfect (progressive / ongoing action: the setting of the sun as a process)γίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερὰsacred / holyA1A NPN · ἱερόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔργαworkN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
προφητευόντωνprophesyingV1 · παπγπμ προφητεύωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ προφητεύω: meaning 'prophesying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
ΑγγαιουHaggaiN2 GSM · Ἁγγαῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionΑγγαιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαχαριουZechariahN1T GSM · Ζαχαρίαςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionΖαχαριου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφητῶνprophetN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
4
καὶ συνετέλεσαν ταῦτα διὰ προστάγματος τοῦ κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ
And they brought them to completion by the command of the Lord God of Israel.
Though Persian decree matters, the deeper cause of completion is the command of the Lord God of Israel. The narrative again locates imperial action under divine sovereignty.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσανbring to completionVAI AAI3P · τελέω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristτελέω + συν: meaning 'bring to completion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ταῦταthis / theseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
προστάγματοςcommandN3M GSN · πρόσταγμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπρόσταγμα: meaning 'command'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
5
καὶ μετὰ τῆς γνώμης Κύρου καὶ Δαρείου καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασιλέως Περσῶν συνετελέσθη ὁ οἶκος ὁ ἅγιος ἕως τρίτης καὶ εἰκάδος μηνὸς Αδαρ τοῦ ἕκτου ἔτους βασιλέως Δαρείου
And the holy house was completed by the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of the Persians, on the twenty-third day of the month Adar in the sixth year of King Darius.
The holy house reaches completion in the sixth year of Darius, and the verse telescopes Persian royal sponsorship by naming Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes together as the political framework of the restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γνώμηςdecisionN1 GSF · γνώμηgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationγνώμη: meaning 'decision'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΚύρουCyrusN2 GSM · Κῦροςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΚύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΔαρείου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἈρταξέρξου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΠερσῶνPersianN GPM · Πέρσηςnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clauseΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
συνετελέσθηbring to completionVSI API3S · τελέω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristτελέω + συν: meaning 'bring to completion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίτηςthirdA1 GSF · τρίτοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationτρίτος: meaning 'third'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκάδοςtwentieth dayN3D GSF · εἰκάςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth day'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΑδαρAdarN GS · Αδαρnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clauseΑδαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕκτουsixthA1 GSN · ἕκτοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἕκτος: meaning 'sixth'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρεῖοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΔαρείου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
6
καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας οἱ προστεθέντες ἀκολούθως τοῖς ἐν τῇ Μωυσέως βίβλῳ
And the sons of Israel, the priests, the Levites, and the rest who had come from the captivity and joined them acted accordingly, in keeping with the book of Moses.
Completion leads directly into ordered worship. Israel, priests, Levites, and the returned community act in conformity with the Mosaic book, showing that restoration is measured by obedience as well as construction.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdo / makeVAI AAI3P · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιποὶremainingA1 NPM · λοιπόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλοιπός: meaning 'remaining'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστεθέντεςhaving joinedVC · αππνπμ τίθημι + προςparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyαππνπμ τίθημι + προς: meaning 'having joined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
ἀκολούθωςin accordance withD · ἀκολούθωςadverbial or discourse-marking modifierἀκολούθως: meaning 'in accordance with'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσέωςMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΜωυσέως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
βίβλῳbookN2 DSF · βίβλοςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceβίβλος: meaning 'book'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
7
καὶ προσήνεγκαν εἰς τὸν ἐγκαινισμὸν τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ κυρίου ταύρους ἑκατόν κριοὺς διακοσίους ἄρνας τετρακοσίους
And at the dedication of the sanctuary of the Lord they offered one hundred bulls, two hundred rams, and four hundred lambs,
The dedication of the sanctuary is marked by substantial sacrificial gifts. The list displays joy, public generosity, and cultic seriousness at the reopening of the house.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσήνεγκανbring / offerVAI AAI3P · φέρω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristφέρω + προς: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
εἰςinto / toP · εἰςpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγκαινισμὸνdedicationN2 ASM · ἐγκαινισμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐγκαινισμός: meaning 'dedication'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱεροῦsacred / holyA1A GSN · ἱερόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ qualificationἱερός: meaning 'sacred'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ταύρουςbullN2 APM · ταῦροςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalταῦρος: meaning 'bull'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑκατόνhundredM · ἑκατόνclause element functioning according to its local grammatical relation→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατόν: meaning 'hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
κριοὺςramN2 APM · κριόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκριός: meaning 'ram'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διακοσίουςtwo hundredA1A APM · διακόσιοιaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalδιακόσιοι: meaning 'two hundred'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄρναςlambN3 APM · ἀρνόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρνός: meaning 'lamb'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τετρακοσίουςfour hundredA1A APM · τετρακόσιοιaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goalτετρακόσιοι: meaning 'four hundred'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
χιμάρους ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτίας παντὸς τοῦ Ισραηλ δώδεκα πρὸς ἀριθμὸν ἐκ τῶν φυλάρχων τοῦ Ισραηλ δώδεκα
and twelve male goats for the sin of all Israel, corresponding to the number of the twelve tribal leaders of Israel.
The twelve goats interpret the dedication nationally. Even a reduced post-exilic community presents itself as bearing the symbolic wholeness of twelve-tribe Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
χιμάρουςmale goatN2 APM · χίμαροςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχίμαρος: meaning 'male goat'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
παντὸςall / everyA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
δώδεκαtwelveM · δώδεκαclause element functioning according to its local grammatical relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδώδεκα: meaning 'twelve'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάρχωνtribal chiefN2 GPM · φύλαρχοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionφύλαρχος: meaning 'tribal chief'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
δώδεκαtwelveM · δώδεκαclause element functioning according to its local grammatical relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδώδεκα: meaning 'twelve'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
9
καὶ ἔστησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἐστολισμένοι κατὰ φυλὰς ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων τοῦ κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἀκολούθως τῇ Μωυσέως βίβλῳ καὶ οἱ θυρωροὶ ἐφ' ἑκάστου πυλῶνος
And they stationed the priests and the Levites, arrayed by divisions, for the services of the Lord God of Israel in accordance with the book of Moses, and the gatekeepers at each gate.
Priests, Levites, and gatekeepers are set in their proper stations. The restored temple is not only dedicated but furnished with an ordered liturgical personnel.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησανstand / setVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστολισμένοιbeing arrayedVT · χμπνπμ στολίζωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyχμπνπμ στολίζω: meaning 'being arrayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
φυλὰςtribeN1 APF · φυλήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶon / over / forP · ἐπίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργωνworkN2N GPN · ἔργονgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
ἀκολούθωςin accordance withD · ἀκολούθωςadverbial or discourse-marking modifierἀκολούθως: meaning 'in accordance with'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσέωςMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΜωυσέως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
βίβλῳbookN2 DSF · βίβλοςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceβίβλος: meaning 'book'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυρωροὶgatekeeperN2 NPM · θυρωρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυρωρός: meaning 'gatekeeper'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφ'on / over / forP · ἐπίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ἑκάστουeachA1 GSM · ἕκαστοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
πυλῶνοςgateN3W GSM · πυλώνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπυλών: meaning 'gate'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
10
καὶ ἠγάγοσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ τῶν ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας τὸ πασχα ἐν τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ τοῦ πρώτου μηνός ὅτι ἡγνίσθησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἅμα
And the sons of Israel who came from the captivity kept the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month, because the priests and the Levites had purified themselves together.
The dedication gives way to Passover, linking the restored community to the foundational redemption pattern. Purification of priests and Levites prepares the people for covenantal remembrance.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγάγοσανbring / keepVBI AAI3P · ἄγωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαπασχαN ASN · πασχαnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clauseπασχα: meaning 'πασχα'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃfourteenthA1 DSF · τεσσαρεσκαιδέκατοςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceτεσσαρεσκαιδέκατος: meaning 'fourteenth'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSM · πρῶτοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
μηνόςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ὅτιthat / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡγνίσθησανpurifyVCI API3P · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἁγνίζω: meaning 'purify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
11
καὶ πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας οὐχ ἡγνίσθησαν ὅτι οἱ Λευῖται ἅμα πάντες ἡγνίσθησαν
For not all the sons of the captivity had purified themselves, but the Levites had all purified themselves together.
The verse distinguishes the Levites’ corporate readiness from the incomplete purification of the wider group. Even within celebration, the text keeps ritual precision in view.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςall / everyA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἡγνίσθησανpurifyVCI API3P · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἁγνίζω: meaning 'purify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ὅτιthat / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLeviteN1M NPM · Λευείτηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πάντεςall / everyA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡγνίσθησανpurifyVCI API3P · ἁγνίζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionἁγνίζω: meaning 'purify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
12
καὶ ἔθυσαν τὸ πασχα πᾶσιν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν καὶ ἑαυτοῖς
And they slaughtered the Passover for all the sons of the captivity, for their brothers the priests, and for themselves.
Because the Levites are purified, they slaughter the Passover not only for themselves but also for the people and the priests. Their service sustains communal participation in the feast.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθυσανsacrificeVAI AAI3P · θύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeθύω: meaning 'sacrifice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πασχαπασχαN ASN · πασχαnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clauseπασχα: meaning 'πασχα'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πᾶσινall / everyA3 DPM · πᾶςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
αὐτῶνhe / him / it / themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestN3V DPM · ἱερεύςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
13
καὶ ἐφάγοσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ οἱ ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας πάντες οἱ χωρισθέντες ἀπὸ τῶν βδελυγμάτων τῶν ἐθνῶν τῆς γῆς ζητοῦντες τὸν κύριον
And the sons of Israel who were from the captivity ate, all who had separated themselves from the abominations of the nations of the land in seeking the Lord.
Those who eat are described not simply by ancestry but by separation from the land’s abominations and by active seeking of the Lord. Restoration identity is covenantal and moral.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφάγοσανeatVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
πάντεςall / everyA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χωρισθέντεςhaving separated themselvesVS · αππνπμ χωρίζωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributivelyαππνπμ χωρίζω: meaning 'having separated themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βδελυγμάτωνabominationN3M GPN · βδέλυγμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ζητοῦντεςseekingV2 · παπνπμ ζητέωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
καὶ ἠγάγοσαν τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας εὐφραινόμενοι ἔναντι τοῦ κυρίου
And they kept the feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days, rejoicing before the Lord,
The feast of Unleavened Bread extends the Passover celebration into a full week of rejoicing. The restored cult culminates not in anxiety but in public gladness before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγάγοσανbring / keepVBI AAI3P · ἄγωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορτὴνfeastN1 ASF · ἑορτήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἑορτή: meaning 'feast'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀζύμωνunleavenedA1B GPM · ἄζυμοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptionἄζυμος: meaning 'unleavened'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάclause element functioning according to its local grammatical relation→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτὰ: meaning 'seven'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἡμέραςdayN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐφραινόμενοιrejoicingV1 · πμπνπμ εὐφραίνωparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
ἔναντιbeforeP · ἔναντιpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
15
ὅτι μετέστρεψεν τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων ἐπ' αὐτοὺς κατισχῦσαι τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ
because he had turned the counsel of the king of Assyria toward them, to strengthen their hands for the works of the Lord God of Israel.
The final reason reaches beyond ritual to providence: God turned the policy of the imperial ruler toward them so that their hands would be strengthened for the Lord’s work. The book closes this movement by treating Persian favor as an instrument of divine mercy.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthat / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking clauses or items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετέστρεψενturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + μεταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ constative aoristστρέφω + μετα: meaning 'turn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴνcounselN1 ASF · βουλήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'counsel'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyrianN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἐπ'on / over / forP · ἐπίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτοὺςhe / him / it / themRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
κατισχῦσαιstrengthen / prevailVA AAN · ἰσχύω + καταinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, content, or complement→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'strengthen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose, content, or complement.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖραςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνhe / him / it / themRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
ἐπὶon / over / forP · ἐπίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle specifying the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.