καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introducing)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: 'say'; the aorist εἶπεν introduces Saul's desperate command to his armor-bearer; the construction εἶπεν πρός + acc. is the standard LXX speech-formula.
ΣαουλSaulsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the substantival participle αἴροντα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴρονταthe one bearingPres Act Part Acc Sg Masc · αἴρωsubstantival participle (object of πρός: 'the armor-bearer')→ verbal action or stateαἴρω: 'lift / carry / bear'; the substantival participle ὁ αἴρων τὰ σκεύη ('the one bearing the gear') is the LXX rendering of נֹשֵׂא כֵלִים ('armor-bearer'); the participial phrase recurs throughout the verse and in vv. 5–6, keeping the loyal attendant in focus.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηarmor / gearAccusativedirect object of αἴροντα ('bearing the armor')→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / equipment / weapons'; here military 'armor, arms, gear'; renders כֵּלִים; τὰ σκεύη Saul's wargear, later stripped and dedicated to Astarte (vv. 9–10).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Saul's armor)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Saul's armor).
σπάσαιdrawAor Act Inf · σπάωimperatival infinitive (command: 'draw!')→ verbal action or stateσπάω: 'draw / pull out (a sword)'; renders שָׁלַף ('draw'); the aorist infinitive here functions as an imperative ('draw your sword'), a recognized Greek and Hebraizing usage; the parallel aorist imperative ἀποκέντησόν follows.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ῥομφαίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordAccusativedirect object of σπάσαι→ object specificationῥομφαία: 'sword / large broadsword'; renders חֶרֶב; the LXX's preferred term for the sword (over μάχαιρα) in Kingdoms; the weapon recurs four times in vv. 4–5 as the instrument of both deaths.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (the armor-bearer's sword)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the armor-bearer's sword).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the two commands)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκέντησόνrun through / stabAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀποκεντέωmain verb (aorist imperative: command to kill)→ verbal action or stateἀποκεντέω: 'pierce through / stab to death' (ἀπό + κεντέω, 'prick'); renders דָּקַר ('pierce, thrust through'); Saul commands the mercy-killing; the same verb recurs in the subjunctive (ἀποκεντήσωσιν) describing what he fears the Philistines will do.
μεmeAccusativedirect object (of ἀποκέντησόν)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (of ἀποκέντησόν).
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here instrumental, 'with it' (the sword); a Hebraizing instrumental ἐν rendering בְּ.
αὐτῇitDativedative of instrument (the sword)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. fem.): refers to ῥομφαία ('sword', fem.); 'with it' = the means of the killing.
μὴlestnegative particle (introducing negative purpose/fear clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: 'lest / that not'; with the aorist subjunctive it introduces a clause of apprehension/negative purpose — Saul's fear of what will happen if the Philistines take him alive.
ἔλθωσινthey comeAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιverb of negative-purpose clause (subjunctive)→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: 'come'; the aorist subjunctive after μή expresses the dreaded possibility that the uncircumcised will come upon him alive.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἀπερίτμητοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπερίτμητοιuncircumcisedNominativesubject (of ἔλθωσιν: the Philistines)→ participant prominenceἀπερίτμητος: 'uncircumcised' (ἀ- privative + περιτέμνω, 'circumcise'); renders עֲרֵלִים; a standard contemptuous Israelite epithet for the Philistines (cf. 1 Kgdms 14:6; 17:26); Saul's horror is at dishonor and abuse at the hands of the covenantless enemy.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative (modifying ἀπερίτμητοι: 'these uncircumcised')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'this / these'; the deictic οὗτοι adds contempt and immediacy — 'these uncircumcised ones' closing in on the battlefield.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (within purpose clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκεντήσωσίνrun me throughAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἀποκεντέωverb of negative-purpose clause (subjunctive)→ verbal action or stateἀποκεντέω: the same verb Saul used in his command (ἀποκέντησόν); the repetition is pointed — he would rather be pierced by his own loyal man than by the mocking enemy.
μεmeAccusativedirect object (of ἀποκεντήσωσιν)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (of ἀποκεντήσωσιν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (within purpose clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπαίξωσίνmock / abuseAor Act Subj 3 Pl · ἐμπαίζωverb of negative-purpose clause (subjunctive)→ verbal action or stateἐμπαίζω: 'mock / make sport of / abuse'; renders עָלַל (Hithpael, 'deal wantonly with'); Saul's deepest dread is not death but the humiliation of being a plaything of the enemy — a fate his suicide is meant to forestall (though vv. 9–10 show the body abused anyway).
μοιme / at meDativedative object (of ἐμπαίξωσιν: 'mock at me')→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): ἐμπαίζω takes the dative of the one mocked; 'make sport of me.'
καὶbutnarrative conjunction (adversative in force)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adversative in sense ('but'), introducing the armor-bearer's refusal against Saul's command.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐβούλετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐβούλετοwas willingImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · βούλομαιmain verb (the armor-bearer's refusal)→ verbal action or stateβούλομαι: 'wish / be willing'; renders אָבָה ('be willing'); the imperfect οὐκ ἐβούλετο depicts a settled, sustained refusal — the armor-bearer simply would not raise his hand against the LORD's anointed.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with the substantival participle αἴρων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴρωνthe one bearingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · αἴρωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the armor-bearer')→ verbal action or stateαἴρω: the substantival participle ὁ αἴρων τὰ σκεύη ('armor-bearer') reappears as the subject of the refusal; the repeated full title keeps the attendant's loyalty and role vividly before the reader.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηarmor / gearAccusativedirect object of αἴρων→ object specificationσκεύη: meaning 'armor'; it serves as direct object of αἴρων.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Saul's armor)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Saul's armor).
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (introducing reason for refusal)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the explanation of the armor-bearer's refusal — his great fear.
ἐφοβήθηhe was afraidAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φοβέομαιverb of causal clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέομαι: 'fear / be afraid'; renders יָרֵא; the aorist passive (deponent) with σφόδρα marks the overwhelming dread that paralyzed the armor-bearer — fear of killing the king.
σφόδραgreatlyadverb of degree (intensifying ἐφοβήθη)→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'exceedingly / greatly'; standard LXX rendering of מְאֹד; intensifies the armor-bearer's fear.
καὶso / andnarrative conjunction (consecutive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here consecutive ('so'), introducing Saul's resort to suicide after the refusal.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Saul takes the sword)→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: 'take / seize'; renders לָקַח; Saul takes his own sword — the loyal man having refused, the king must do the deed himself.
ΣαουλSaulsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαουλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ῥομφαίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥομφαίανswordAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationῥομφαία: the sword again — now Saul's own; the instrument of his self-inflicted death.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέπεσενfell uponAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιπίπτωmain verb (Saul's suicide)→ verbal action or stateἐπιπίπτω: 'fall upon / throw oneself upon'; renders נָפַל עַל; the aorist ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτήν ('he fell upon it') narrates Saul's death by his own sword; the same verb recurs in v. 5 of the armor-bearer's parallel suicide.
ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided before vowel: 'upon it')→ spatial or relational framingἐπ᾿: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (elided before vowel: 'upon it').
αὐτήνitAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπ᾿ (the sword)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. fem.): refers to ῥομφαία ('sword'); Saul falls 'upon it.'