1
καὶ ἔλαβεν ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς τὸν Ιωαχαζ υἱὸν Ιωσιου καὶ ἔχρισαν αὐτὸν καὶ κατέστησαν αὐτὸν εἰς βασιλέα ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and anointed him and made him king in Jerusalem in place of his father.
The people act quickly to maintain the Davidic line, but the stability of their choice will be short-lived under foreign pressure.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωαχαζJehoahazN ASM · Ιωαχαζproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωαχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔχρισανanointedVAI AAI3P · χρίωfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveχρίω: meaning 'anointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησανappoint / setVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
2
υἱὸς εἴκοσι καὶ τριῶν ἐτῶν Ιωαχαζ ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ τρίμηνον ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Αμιταλ θυγάτηρ Ιερεμιου ἐκ Λοβενα καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐποίησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν Φαραω Νεχαω ἐν Δεβλαθα ἐν γῇ Εμαθ τοῦ μὴ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah. And he did what was evil before the Lord according to all that his fathers had done, and Pharaoh Neco bound him at Riblah in the land of Hamath so that he should not reign in Jerusalem.
The verse compresses character, judgment, and deposition. Jehoahaz's weakness is shown not only morally but politically as Egypt determines his fate.
Word-by-word analysis· 54 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPN · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙωαχαζJehoahazN NSM · Ιωαχαζproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωαχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίμηνονthree monthsA1B ASN · τρίμηνοςaccusative of duration ('for three months')τρίμηνος: meaning 'three months'; it serves as accusative of duration ('for three months').
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formula→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as head noun in a naming formula.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb')→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΑμιταλHamutalN NSF · Αμιταλpredicate (indeclinable proper noun: the queen mother's name)Αμιταλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as predicate (indeclinable proper noun: the queen mother's name).
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΛοβεναLibnahN GS · Λοβεναsubject (indeclinable place-name)Λοβενα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable place-name).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδησενboundVAI AAI3S · δέωmain narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon)→ constative aoristδέω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΦαραωPharaohN NSM · Φαραώgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh')→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh').
ΝεχαωNecoN NSM · Νεχαωapposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name)Νεχαω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as apposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΔεβλαθαRiblahN DS · Δεβλαθαindeclinable place-name (goal of motion)→ participant identificationΔεβλαθα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable place-name (goal of motion).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
γῇland / earthN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
Εμαθof HamathN GS · Εμαθindeclinable genitive of relationship (with εἰσόδου)Εμαθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable genitive of relationship (with εἰσόδου).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
3
καὶ μετήγαγεν αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐπέβαλεν φόρον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ τάλαντον χρυσίου
And the king carried him away to Egypt and imposed tribute on the land: one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold.
Judah's humiliation is measured in tribute. The land itself now bears the cost of lost sovereignty.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετήγαγενhe carried awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + μεταfinite verb advancing the clauseἄγω + μετα: meaning 'he carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςobject of εἰς (place of return)→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of εἰς (place of return).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέβαλενcast / setVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐπιmain verb (the wife's predatory gaze — deliberate act initiating the temptation)→ aorist indicative presenting the action as a completed wholeβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the wife's predatory gaze — deliberate act initiating the temptation).
φόρονforced labor / tributeN2 ASM · φόροςaccusative element functioning as object or goalφόρος: meaning 'forced labor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τάλανταtalentN2N APN · τάλαντονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationτάλαντον: meaning 'talent'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάλαντονa talentN2 ASN · ταλάντονnominative (distributive summary: 'a talent per capital')ταλάντον: meaning 'a talent'; it serves as nominative (distributive summary: 'a talent per capital').
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
4
καὶ κατέστησεν Φαραω Νεχαω τὸν Ελιακιμ υἱὸν Ιωσιου βασιλέα Ιουδα ἀντὶ Ιωσιου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ μετέστρεψεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ιωακιμ καὶ τὸν Ιωαχαζ ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἔλαβεν Φαραω Νεχαω καὶ εἰσήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἀπέθανεν ἐκεῖ καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον ἔδωκαν τῷ Φαραω τότε ἤρξατο ἡ γῆ φορολογεῖσθαι τοῦ δοῦναι τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ στόμα Φαραω καὶ ἕκαστος κατὰ δύναμιν ἀπῄτει τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον παρὰ τοῦ λαοῦ τῆς γῆς δοῦναι τῷ Φαραω Νεχαω
And Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim son of Josiah king over Judah and Jerusalem in place of Josiah his father, and he changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Pharaoh Neco took Jehoahaz his brother and brought him to Egypt, and he died there. And they gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; then the land began to be taxed to give the silver at Pharaoh's command, and each one exacted the silver and the gold from the people of the land according to his ability, to give it to Pharaoh Neco.
Renaming the king signals imperial control. Judah's internal economy is bent outward to satisfy foreign demands.
Word-by-word analysis· 77 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέστησενappoint / setVAI AAI3S · ἵστημι + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΦαραωPharaohN NSM · Φαραώgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh')→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh').
ΝεχαωNecoN NSM · Νεχαωapposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name)Νεχαω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as apposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕλιακιμEliakimN ASM · Ελιακιμaccusative object of ἀπέστειλεν (indeclinable proper noun)Ελιακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of ἀπέστειλεν (indeclinable proper noun).
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
Ιωσιουof JosiahN1T GSM · Ιωσίαςgenitive of relationship (defining λόγων)Ιωσιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (defining λόγων).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετέστρεψενturned / changedVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + μεταmain verb (the reversal)→ constative aoristστρέφω + μετα: meaning 'turned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the reversal).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΙωακιμIoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωαχαζJehoahazN ASM · Ιωαχαζproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙωαχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΦαραωPharaohN NSM · Φαραώgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh')→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh').
ΝεχαωNecoN NSM · Νεχαωapposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name)Νεχαω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as apposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγενἄγωVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'ἄγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςobject of εἰς (place of return)→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of εἰς (place of return).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενθνησκω + αποVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'θνησκω + απο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονchrysionN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative complement→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'chrysion'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦαραωPharaohN DSM · Φαραώgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh')→ discourse linkage or contrastΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh').
τότεthenD · τότεparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρξατοbegin / ruleVAI AMI3S · ἄρχωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ perfectiveἄρχω: meaning 'begin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
φορολογεῖσθαιto be taxedVA AAN · φορολογέωfinite verb advancing the clauseφορολογέω: meaning 'to be taxed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαsubject of ἐπλατύνθη→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as subject of ἐπλατύνθη.
ΦαραωPharaohN GSM · Φαραώproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀπῄτειhe exactedV2I IAI3S · αἰτέω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseαἰτέω + ἀπο: meaning 'he exacted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονchrysionN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative complement→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'chrysion'; it serves as accusative complement.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦαραωPharaohN DSM · Φαραώgenitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh')→ discourse linkage or contrastΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of possession (indeclinable: 'chariots of Pharaoh').
ΝεχαωNecoN DSM · Νεχαωapposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name)Νεχαω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as apposition to Φαραω (indeclinable name).
5
ὢν εἴκοσι καὶ πέντε ἐτῶν Ιωακιμ ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ ἕνδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Ζεχωρα θυγάτηρ Νηριου ἐκ Ραμα καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐναντίον κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτοῦ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ἦλθεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος εἰς τὴν γῆν καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ δουλεύων τρία ἔτη καὶ ἀπέστη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέστειλεν κύριος ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τοὺς Χαλδαίους καὶ λῃστήρια Σύρων καὶ λῃστήρια Μωαβιτῶν καὶ υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ τῆς Σαμαρείας καὶ ἀπέστησαν μετὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου ἐν χειρὶ τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ τῶν προφητῶν πλὴν θυμὸς κυρίου ἦν ἐπὶ Ιουδαν τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας Μανασση ἐν πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίησεν καὶ ἐν αἵματι ἀθῴῳ ᾧ ἐξέχεεν Ιωακιμ καὶ ἔπλησεν τὴν Ιερουσαλημ αἵματος ἀθῴου καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν κύριος ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτούς
Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Zechorah daughter of Neriah from Ramah. And he did what was evil before the Lord according to all that his fathers had done. In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against the land, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years, then turned and rebelled against him. And the Lord sent against them bands of Chaldeans and bands of Syrians and bands of Moabites and bands of the sons of Ammon and of Samaria; they came against Judah according to the word of the Lord by the hand of his servants the prophets. But the wrath of the Lord was upon Judah to remove them from before his face because of the sins of Manasseh in all that he had done, and also because of the innocent blood that Jehoiakim shed and with which he filled Jerusalem; and the Lord was not willing to destroy them utterly.
The verse is densely interpretive: Babylon's rise, Jehoiakim's rebellion, the marauding bands, and the lingering guilt of Manasseh all converge in a theology of deserved removal.
Word-by-word analysis· 135 words
ὢνπαπνσμ εἰμίV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰμί: meaning 'παπνσμ εἰμί'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕνδεκαelevenM · ἕνδεκαindeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕνδεκα: meaning 'eleven'; it serves as indeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη).
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαhead noun in a naming formula→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as head noun in a naming formula.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb')→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive of possession (with μήτρας: 'mother's womb').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΖεχωραZechorahN NSF · Ζεχωραproper name within the narrative or regnal registerΖεχωρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or regnal register.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΝηριουNeriahN GSM · Νηριουproper name within the narrative or regnal register→ participant identificationΝηριου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or regnal register.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΡαμαRamaN GS · Ραμαproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΡαμα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonN3W GSM · Βαβυλώνgenitive of place (defining βασιλεὺς)Βαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of place (defining βασιλεὺς).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
δουλεύωνservingV1 · παπνσμ δουλεύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνσμ δουλεύω: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τρίαthreeA3 APN · τρεῖςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ measure or countτρία: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστηremoveVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαλδαίουςChaldeansN2 APM · Χαλδαῖοςdirect object (further victims)→ participant identificationΧαλδαίους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object (further victims).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λῃστήριαraiding bandsN2N APN · λῃστήριονnominal element carrying the clause or phraseλῃστήριον: meaning 'raiding bands'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
Σύρωνof the Syrians / ArameansN GPM · Σύροςgenitive of relationship (the people Kemuel fathered)Σύρων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (the people Kemuel fathered).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λῃστήριαraiding bandsN2N APN · λῃστήριονnominal element carrying the clause or phraseλῃστήριον: meaning 'raiding bands'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
Μωαβιτῶνof the MoabitesN3I GPF · Μωαβίτιςgenitive (modifying ἄρχοντες: 'rulers of the Moabites')Μωαβιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive (modifying ἄρχοντες: 'rulers of the Moabites').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαμαρείαςSamariaN1A GSF · Σαμαρείαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΣαμαρείας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστησανthey turned awayVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verb (negated: persistence in sin)→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated: persistence in sin).
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παίδωνservant / childN3D GPM · παῖςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφητῶνprophetN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςpredicate nominative ('their wine is venom')→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as predicate nominative ('their wine is venom').
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστῆσαιto removeVA AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποinfinitive of purpose/result ('to remove him')→ infinitival complementἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result ('to remove him').
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive object of ἀπό→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sin'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπό.
ΜανασσηManassehN GSM · Μανασσήplace-name in the allotment list→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αἵματιbloodN3M DSN · αἷμαdative of cause (the blood being avenged)→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as dative of cause (the blood being avenged).
ἀθῴῳinnocentA1 DSN · ἀθῷοςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ᾧwhich / whoRR DSN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξέχεενhe has shedV2I IAI3S · χέω + ἐκmain verb (declarative verdict)→ eventχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'he has shed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (declarative verdict).
ΙωακιμIoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπλησενfilledVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημιmain verb→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeπίμπλημι: meaning 'filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
αἵματοςbloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἀθῴουinnocentA1 GSN · ἀθῷοςattributive adjective (modifying αἵματος)ἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying αἵματος).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠθέλησενwilledVAI AAI3S · θέλωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθέλω: meaning 'willed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
6
καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπ' αὐτὸν Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν χαλκαῖς πέδαις καὶ ἀπήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα
And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against him and bound him with bronze fetters to take him to Babylon.
The regnal collapse becomes personal and visible. The Davidic ruler is treated as a captive under imperial chains.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβηgo upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonN3W GSM · Βαβυλώνgenitive of place (defining βασιλεὺς)Βαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of place (defining βασιλεὺς).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδησενboundVAI AAI3S · δέωmain narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon)→ constative aoristδέω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χαλκαῖςbronzeA1C DPF · χαλκοῦςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseχαλκοῦς: meaning 'bronze'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
πέδαιςfettersN1 DSF · πέδηdative (object of ἐν: 'in fetters')πέδη: meaning 'fetters'; it serves as dative (object of ἐν: 'in fetters').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήγαγενbrought / led awayVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀποmain verb (leading the prisoners off)→ eventἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (leading the prisoners off).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASM · Βαβυλώνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
7
καὶ μέρος τῶν σκευῶν οἴκου κυρίου ἀπήνεγκεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἔθηκεν αὐτὰ ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι
And Nebuchadnezzar brought some of the vessels of the house of the Lord to Babylon and put them in his temple in Babylon.
The seizure of sacred vessels shows that Judah's judgment reaches into the sanctuary. The fall is not merely political.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέροςregion / partN3E ASN · μέροςaccusative (object of κατά: 'in the region')→ object specificationμέρος: meaning 'region'; it serves as accusative (object of κατά: 'in the region').
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκευῶνimplementsN3E GPN · σκεῦοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as genitive dependent.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀπήνεγκενἀποVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASM · Βαβυλώνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθηκενtithemiVAI AAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναῷtempleN2 DSM · ναόςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSM · Βαβυλώνdative of place (locative)Βαβυλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative of place (locative).
8
καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιωακιμ καὶ πάντα ἃ ἐποίησεν οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ιουδα καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωακιμ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν Γανοζα μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ιεχονιας υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ
And the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah? And Jehoiakim slept with his fathers and was buried in Ganoza with his fathers, and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.
The summary moves quickly, underscoring how rapidly Judah's last reigns are collapsing into archival remembrance and replacement.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λοιπὰthe restA1 NPN · λοιπόςcommon noun within the clauseλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἃwhichRR NPN · ὅςrelative pronoun (object of βλέψῃ)→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of βλέψῃ).
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςdemonstrative or relative element tying the register together→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'these'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
γεγραμμέναwrittenVP · χμπνπν γράφωattributive participle (with ῥήματα)χμπνπν γράφω: meaning 'written'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (with ῥήματα).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
βασιλεῦσινkingN3V DPM · βασιλεύςdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθηsleepVCI API3S · κοιμάωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeκοιμάω: meaning 'sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΙωακιμIoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτάφηwas buriedVDI API3S · θαπ́τωmain verb (burial notice)θαπ́τω: meaning 'was buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (burial notice).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΓανοζαGanozaN DS · Γανοζαproper name within the narrative or regnal registerΓανοζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or regnal register.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ΙεχονιαςJechoniasN NSM · Ιεχονιαςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΙεχονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀντ'in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀντ': meaning 'in place of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
9
υἱὸς ὀκτωκαίδεκα ἐτῶν Ιεχονιας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ τρίμηνον καὶ δέκα ἡμέρας ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου
Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem, and he did what was evil before the Lord.
The brevity of the reign does not soften the diagnosis. Even short rule participates in the same pattern of evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὀκτωκαίδεκαeighteenM · ὀκτωκαίδεκαnumeral (indeclinable, measure of height)→ discourse linkage or contrastὀκτωκαίδεκα: meaning 'eighteen'; it serves as numeral (indeclinable, measure of height).
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙεχονιαςJechoniasN GSM · Ιεχονιαςproper name within the genealogical or territorial registerΙεχονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίμηνονthree monthsA1B ASN · τριμήνοςaccusative of duration ('for three months')τριμήνος: meaning 'three months'; it serves as accusative of duration ('for three months').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtenM · δέκαnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
10
καὶ ἐπιστρέφοντος τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ναβουχοδονοσορ καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα μετὰ τῶν σκευῶν τῶν ἐπιθυμητῶν οἴκου κυρίου καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Σεδεκιαν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ Ιερουσαλημ
And at the turn of the year King Nebuchadnezzar sent and brought him to Babylon, together with the desirable vessels of the house of the Lord, and he made Zedekiah his father's brother king over Judah and Jerusalem.
The imperial cycle repeats: removal, treasure seizure, and imposed succession. Judah no longer controls either throne or sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέφοντοςturning / returningV1 · παπγσμ στρέφω + ἐπιgenitive absolute (temporal: 'as the year turns')παπγσμ στρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute (temporal: 'as the year turns').
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearN2 GSM · ἐνιαυτόςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἀπέστειλενsendVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbring inVAI AAI3S · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'bring in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASM · Βαβυλώνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκευῶνimplementsN3E GPN · σκεῦοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπιθυμητῶνdesirableA1 GPN · ἐπιθυμητόςnominal element carrying the clause or phraseἐπιθυμητός: meaning 'desirable'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ΣεδεκιανZedekiahN1T ASM · Σεδεκιαςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΣεδεκιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
11
ἐτῶν εἴκοσι ἑνὸς Σεδεκιας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ ἕνδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
The conventional notice sets up the last and most decisive failure of the monarchy.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἑνὸςintoA3 GSM · εἷςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'into'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΣεδεκιαςSedekiasN NSM · Σεδεκιαςproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΣεδεκιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωinfinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε)→ infinitival complementβασιλεύω: meaning 'to be king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (with ἐζητεῖτε).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕνδεκαelevenM · ἕνδεκαindeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕνδεκα: meaning 'eleven'; it serves as indeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη).
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
12
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου θεοῦ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐνετράπη ἀπὸ προσώπου Ιερεμιου τοῦ προφήτου καὶ ἐκ στόματος κυρίου
And he did what was evil before the Lord his God; he did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord.
The king's fault is not merely policy but refusal of divinely authorized speech. Humility before revelation is the missing virtue.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνετράπηwas subdued / humbledVDI API3S · τρέπω + ἐνmain verb (Moab's subjugation)→ aorist passive of repulseτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'was subdued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Moab's subjugation).
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
13
ἐν τῷ τὰ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἀθετῆσαι ἃ ὥρκισεν αὐτὸν κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐσκλήρυνεν τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ κατίσχυσεν τοῦ μὴ ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς κύριον θεὸν Ισραηλ
And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God, and he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart so as not to return to the Lord God of Israel.
The oath before God makes Zedekiah's rebellion more than diplomacy. Hardened covenant treachery stands behind the geopolitical move.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN ASM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
ἀθετῆσαιto break faithVA AAN · ἀθετέωfinite verb advancing the clauseἀθετέω: meaning 'to break faith'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὥρκισενbound by oath / adjuredVAI AAI3S · ὁρκίζωmain verb (with cognate participle)ὁρκίζω: meaning 'bound by oath'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (with cognate participle).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
κατὰaccording to / againstP · κατάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσκλήρυνενhardenedVAI AAI3S · σκληρύνωmain verb (divine hardening: active, agent named)σκληρύνω: meaning 'hardened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine hardening: active, agent named).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράχηλονneckN2 ASM · τράχηλοςaccusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck')→ object specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατίσχυσενprevail over / strengthenVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπιστρέψαιturn backVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turn back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
14
καὶ πάντες οἱ ἔνδοξοι Ιουδα καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς ἐπλήθυναν τοῦ ἀθετῆσαι ἀθετήματα βδελυγμάτων ἐθνῶν καὶ ἐμίαναν τὸν οἶκον κυρίου τὸν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
And all the nobles of Judah and the priests and the people of the land multiplied their unfaithfulness in keeping all the abominations of the nations, and they defiled the house of the Lord that was in Jerusalem.
Chronicles broadens the indictment beyond the king. Nobles, priests, and people collectively contaminate the house they were meant to honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδοξοιnoblesA1B NPM · ἔνδοξοςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceἔνδοξος: meaning 'nobles'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐπλήθυνανmultipliedVAI AAI3P · πληθύνωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementπληθύνω: meaning 'multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀθετῆσαιto break faithVA AAN · ἀθετέωfinite verb advancing the clauseἀθετέω: meaning 'to break faith'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀθετήματαtransgressionsA3M APN · ἀθέτημαaccusative object of κατάἀθέτημα: meaning 'transgressions'; it serves as accusative object of κατά.
βδελυγμάτωνabominationsN3M GPN · βδέλυγμαobject of ἕνεκεν (cause of dispossession)→ relational specificationβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as object of ἕνεκεν (cause of dispossession).
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμίανανthey had defiledVAI AAI3P · μιαίνωverb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder)→ constative aoristμιαίνω: meaning 'they had defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
15
καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἐν χειρὶ προφητῶν ὀρθρίζων καὶ ἀποστέλλων τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἦν φειδόμενος τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγιάσματος αὐτοῦ
And the Lord God of their fathers sent to them by the hand of his messengers, rising early and sending, because he spared his people and his dwelling place.
Before destruction comes repeated mercy. The idiom of early sending presents God as urgently and patiently reaching toward a people he pities.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαπέστειλενdismissed / sent awayVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verb (Joshua's dismissal of the assembly)→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'dismissed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Joshua's dismissal of the assembly).
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
προφητῶνprophetN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὀρθρίζωνrising earlyV1 · παπνσμ ὀρθρίζωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὀρθρίζω: meaning 'rising early'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστέλλωνsendingV1 · παπνσμ στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sending'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλουςmessengersN2 APM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'messengers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
φειδόμενοςsparingV1 · πμπνσμ φείδομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ repentance, intercession, and restorationπμπνσμ φείδομαι: meaning 'sparing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγιάσματοςsanctuaryN3M GSN · ἁγίασμαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἁγίασμα: meaning 'sanctuary'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
16
καὶ ἦσαν μυκτηρίζοντες τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξουδενοῦντες τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμπαίζοντες ἐν τοῖς προφήταις αὐτοῦ ἕως ἀνέβη ὁ θυμὸς κυρίου ἐν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ ἕως οὐκ ἦν ἴαμα
But they were mocking his messengers and despising his words and scoffing at his prophets until the wrath of the Lord rose against his people, until there was no healing.
The phrase 'no healing' marks the end of remedy. Rejected mercy becomes the context for unavoidable ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
μυκτηρίζοντεςmockingV1 · παπνπμ μυκτηρίζωfinite verb advancing the clauseπαπνπμ μυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mocking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλουςmessengersN2 APM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'messengers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουδενοῦντεςἐκV2 · παπνπμ οὐδενέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseπαπνπμ οὐδενέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπαίζοντεςἐνV1 · παπνπμ παίζω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ παίζω + ἐν: meaning 'ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
προφήταιςprophetN1M DPM · προφήτηςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἀνέβηgo upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςpredicate nominative ('their wine is venom')→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as predicate nominative ('their wine is venom').
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἴαμαἴαμαN3M NSN · ἴαμαnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ folly, labor, and public orderἴαμα: meaning 'ἴαμα'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
17
καὶ ἤγαγεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς βασιλέα Χαλδαίων καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν τοὺς νεανίσκους αὐτῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἐν οἴκῳ ἁγιάσματος αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσατο τοῦ Σεδεκιου καὶ τὰς παρθένους αὐτῶν οὐκ ἠλέησαν καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους αὐτῶν ἀπήγαγον τὰ πάντα παρέδωκεν ἐν χερσὶν αὐτῶν
And he brought against them the king of the Chaldeans, and he killed their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary and had no compassion on young men or virgins; he did not spare their elders; he gave all into their hands.
The destruction penetrates even the sanctuary. The loss of pity mirrors the people's long refusal of God's compassionate warnings.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγενbringVBI AAI3S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςhe / she / itRD APM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansN GSM · Χαλδαῖοςgenitive of description (the Chaldean land)Χαλδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of description (the Chaldean land).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτεινενkillVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκουςyoung menN2 APM · νεανίσκοςdirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as direct object of ἀπέστειλεν.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἁγιάσματοςsanctuaryN3M GSN · ἁγίασμαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἁγίασμα: meaning 'sanctuary'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφείσατοhe spared / was sparingVAI AMI3S · φείδομαιmain verb (refusing to take from his own)→ aorist middleφείδομαι: meaning 'he spared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (refusing to take from his own).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Σεδεκιουof ZedekiahN1T GSM · Σεδεκιαςgenitive in apposition to βασιλέως→ participant identificationΣεδεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive in apposition to βασιλέως.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρθένουςvirginsN2 APF · παρθένοςdirect object of περιποιήσεσθεπαρθένος: meaning 'virgins'; it serves as direct object of περιποιήσεσθε.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠλέησανἐλεέωVAI AAI3P · ἐλεέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἐλεέω: meaning 'ἐλεέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςelderN2 APM · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπήγαγονled awayVBI AAI3P · ἄγω + ἀποmain verb→ constative aoristἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'led away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
18
καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη οἴκου θεοῦ τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς καὶ πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς βασιλέως καὶ μεγιστάνων πάντα εἰσήνεγκεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα
And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king and of his nobles, all these he brought to Babylon.
The comprehensive inventory emphasizes finality. Temple, crown, and aristocracy alike are emptied into exile.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μεγάλαgreatA1 APN · μέγαςattributive adjective ('the great wonders')→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as attributive adjective ('the great wonders').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μικρὰa littleA1A APN · μικρόςattributive adjective modifying βρώματα→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'a little'; it serves as attributive adjective modifying βρώματα.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγιστάνωνnobles / great onesN3 GPM · μεγιστάνgenitive of agent (co-issuers of the decree)→ relational specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'nobles'; it serves as genitive of agent (co-issuers of the decree).
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἰσήνεγκενbring inVAI AAI3S · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'bring in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASM · Βαβυλώνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
19
καὶ ἐνέπρησεν τὸν οἶκον κυρίου καὶ κατέσκαψεν τὸ τεῖχος Ιερουσαλημ καὶ τὰς βάρεις αὐτῆς ἐνέπρησεν ἐν πυρὶ καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ὡραῖον εἰς ἀφανισμόν
And he burned the house of the Lord and broke down the wall of Jerusalem and burned all its palaces with fire and destroyed every precious vessel.
The collapse is civic and cultic at once. Nothing central to Judah's identity is left untouched.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπρησενhe burnedVAI AAI3S · πίμπρημι + ἐνmain verb (the burning)→ constative aoristπίμπρημι + ἐν: meaning 'he burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the burning).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέσκαψενtore downVAI AAI3S · σκάπτω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ household prudence and fear of the Lordσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεῖχοςwallN3E ASN · τεῖχοςnominative of comparison (in simile)→ object specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominative of comparison (in simile).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSM · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάρειςβάριςN3I APF · βάριςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ object specificationβάρις: meaning 'βάρις'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνέπρησενhe burnedVAI AAI3S · πίμπρημι + ἐνmain verb (the burning)→ constative aoristπίμπρημι + ἐν: meaning 'he burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the burning).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
σκεῦοςimplementsN3E ASN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὡραῖονbeautifulA1A ASN · ὡραῖοςpredicate adjective (describing the tree: beautiful to see)→ object specificationὡραῖος: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as predicate adjective (describing the tree: beautiful to see).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμόνἀφανισμόςN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἀφανισμός: meaning 'ἀφανισμός'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
20
καὶ ἀπῴκισεν τοὺς καταλοίπους εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἦσαν αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ εἰς δούλους ἕως βασιλείας Μήδων
And he carried away the remnant to Babylon, and they became servants to him and to his sons until the kingdom of the Medes.
Exile is not momentary displacement but extended subjection, stretching until a new imperial order arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῴκισενdeported / carried into exileVAI AAI3S · οἰκίζω + ἀποmain verb (the deportation)→ constative aoristοἰκίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'deported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the deportation).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλοίπουςremnantA1B APM · κατάλοιποςaccusative object or complement→ object specificationκατάλοιπος: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASM · Βαβυλώνproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequenceΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δούλουςservantN2 APM · δοῦλοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ object specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
Μήδωνof the MedesN GSM · Μήδωνgenitive of relationship (modifying Ορη)Μήδων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying Ορη).
21
τοῦ πληρωθῆναι λόγον κυρίου διὰ στόματος Ιερεμιου ἕως τοῦ προσδέξασθαι τὴν γῆν τὰ σάββατα αὐτῆς σαββατίσαι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ἐρημώσεως αὐτῆς ἐσαββάτισεν εἰς συμπλήρωσιν ἐτῶν ἑβδομήκοντα
to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed its Sabbaths; all the days of its desolation it kept Sabbath, to fulfill seventy years.
The land's enforced rest turns exile into theological chronology. Judgment itself obeys the prophetic timetable.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληρωθῆναιto fulfill / be fulfilledVC APN · πληρόωinfinitive of purpose/result (theological)→ infinitival complementπληρόω: meaning 'to fulfill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (theological).
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσδέξασθαιπροςVA AMN · δέχομαι + προςfinite verb advancing the clauseδέχομαι + προς: meaning 'προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνland / earthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σάββαταa sabbathN2N APN · σάββατονpredicate nominative (apposition: the technical term)σάββατον: meaning 'a sabbath'; it serves as predicate nominative (apposition: the technical term).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
σαββατίσαισαββατίζωVA AAN · σαββατίζωfinite verb advancing the clauseσαββατίζω: meaning 'σαββατίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πάσαςallA3 APF · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ἐντολάς)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ἐντολάς).
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρημώσεωςof desolationN3I GSF · ἐρημώσιςgenitive (defining the days)ἐρημώσις: meaning 'of desolation'; it serves as genitive (defining the days).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐσαββάτισενit kept sabbathVAI AAI3S · σαββατίζωverb of relative clause (negated)σαββατίζω: meaning 'it kept sabbath'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause (negated).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
συμπλήρωσινσυνV4 PAS3P · πληρόω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseπληρόω + συν: meaning 'συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἑβδομήκοντα: meaning 'seventy'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
22
ἔτους πρώτου Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν μετὰ τὸ πληρωθῆναι ῥῆμα κυρίου διὰ στόματος Ιερεμιου ἐξήγειρεν κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν καὶ παρήγγειλεν κηρύξαι ἐν πάσῃ τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐν γραπτῷ λέγων
In the first year of Cyrus king of the Persians, to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians, and he issued a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and also in writing, saying,
The chapter pivots from destruction to stirred imperial mercy. Persian policy is narrated as the work of Israel's God.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςgenitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus)→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus).
πρώτουfirstA1 GSMS · πρῶτοςordinal adjective in roster→ relational specificationπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as ordinal adjective in roster.
ΚύρουΚῦροςN2 GSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΠερσῶνΠέρσηςN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληρωθῆναιto fulfill / be fulfilledVC APN · πληρόωinfinitive of purpose/result (theological)→ infinitival complementπληρόω: meaning 'to fulfill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose/result (theological).
ῥῆμαword / matterN3M ASN · ῥῆμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah').
ἐξήγειρενaroused / hurledV1I IAI3S · ἀγείρω + ἐκmain verb→ ongoing verbal processἀγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'aroused'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΚύρουΚῦροςN2 GSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΠερσῶνΠέρσηςN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρήγγειλενsummoned / gave ordersVAI AAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + παραmain verb (military mobilization)ἀγγέλλω + παρα: meaning 'summoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (military mobilization).
κηρύξαικηρύσσωVA AAN · κηρύσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ infinitival complementκηρύσσω: meaning 'κηρύσσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA3 DSF · πᾶςattributive adjective (with γῇ)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with γῇ).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
γραπτῷγραπτόνN2N DSN · γραπτόνnominal element carrying the clause or phraseγραπτόν: meaning 'γραπτόν'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
23
τάδε λέγει Κῦρος βασιλεὺς Περσῶν πάσας τὰς βασιλείας τῆς γῆς ἔδωκέν μοι κύριος ὁ θεὸς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐνετείλατό μοι οἰκοδομῆσαι αὐτῷ οἶκον ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐν τῇ Ιουδαίᾳ τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ ἔσται ὁ θεὸς αὐτοῦ μετ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀναβήτω
'Thus says Cyrus king of the Persians: The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and he himself has charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever among you is of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up.'
Chronicles closes not on rubble but on invitation. The final imperative leaves the story open toward rebuilding and renewed obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
τάδεοδεRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'οδε'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΚῦροςCyrusN2 NSM · Κῦροςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΚῦρος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΠερσῶνΠέρσηςN1M GPM · Πέρσηςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
πάσαςallA3 APF · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ἐντολάς)πᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ἐντολάς).
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A APF · βασιλείαaccusative complement→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἔδωκένgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ perfectiveδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςhe / she / itRD NSM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνετείλατόhe commandedVAI AMI3S · τέλλω + ἐνverb of relative clauseτέλλω + ἐν: meaning 'he commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἰκοδομῆσαιbuildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'build'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίᾳIoydaiaN1A DSF · Ἰουδαίαdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceΙουδαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἔσταιbeVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήτωlet go upVZ AAD3S · βαίνω + ἀναmain verb (third-person prohibitive imperative)→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'let go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (third-person prohibitive imperative).