2 Esdras 9 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

καὶ ὡς ἐτελέσθη ταῦτα ἤγγισαν πρός με οἱ ἄρχοντες λέγοντες οὐκ ἐχωρίσθη ὁ λαὸς Ισραηλ καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται ἀπὸ λαῶν τῶν γαιῶν ἐν μακρύμμασιν αὐτῶν τῷ Χανανι ὁ Εθι ὁ Φερεζι ὁ Ιεβουσι ὁ Αμμωνι ὁ Μωαβι ὁ Μοσερι καὶ ὁ Αμορι

And when these things were finished, the rulers came near to me, saying, 'The people of Israel and the priests and the Levites have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands, with their abominations - the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite, the Ammonite, the Moabite, the Egyptian, and the Amorite.'

The rulers disclose the intermarriage crisisκαὶ ὡς

The narrative begins with formal report rather than rumor, making the breach an acknowledged public matter.

Word-by-word analysis· 45 words

καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὡςas / whenC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐτελέσθηteleoVSI API3S · τελέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateτελέω: meaning 'teleo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ταῦταoytosRD NPN · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'oytos'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

ἤγγισανeggizoVAI AAI3P · ἐγγίζωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'eggizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

μεegoRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἄρχοντεςrulerN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

λέγοντεςsayV1 · παπνπμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐχωρίσθηchorizoVSI API3S · χωρίζωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateχωρίζω: meaning 'chorizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΛευῖταιLeyitaiN1M NPM · Λευείτηςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΛευῖται: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γαιῶνgaiaN1A GPF · γαῖαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationγαῖα: meaning 'gaia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

μακρύμμασινmakrymmaN3M DSN · μάκρυμμαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectμάκρυμμα: meaning 'makrymma'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΧανανιChananiN DSM · Χανανιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΧανανι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΕθιEthiN NSM · Εθιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕθι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΦερεζιPhereziN NSM · Φερεζιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΦερεζι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΙεβουσιIeboysiN NSM · Ιεβουσιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙεβουσι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΑμμωνιAmmoniN NSM · Αμμωνιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑμμωνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΜωαβιMoabiN NSM · Μωαβιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜωαβι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΜοσεριMoseriN NSM · Μοσεριproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜοσερι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΑμοριAmoriN NSM · Αμοριproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑμορι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ὅτι ἐλάβοσαν ἀπὸ θυγατέρων αὐτῶν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ παρήχθη σπέρμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐν λαοῖς τῶν γαιῶν καὶ χεὶρ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐν τῇ ἀσυνθεσίᾳ ταύτῃ ἐν ἀρχῇ

For they have taken some of their daughters for themselves and for their sons, and the holy seed has been mixed with the peoples of the lands; and the hand of the rulers has been first in this faithlessness.

The charge is specified as holy seed mixed among the nationsὅτι

The offense is defined theologically, and the leaders are named as the first agents in it.

Word-by-word analysis· 29 words

ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐλάβοσανlambanoVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'lambano'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

θυγατέρωνdaughterN3 GPF · θυγάτηρgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἑαυτοῖςeaytoyRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'eaytoy'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

παρήχθηago + paraVQI API3S · ἄγω + παραparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionἄγω + παρα: meaning 'ago + para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

σπέρμαspermaN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'sperma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἅγιονagiosA1A ASN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'agios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

λαοῖςpeopleN2 DPM · λαόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀρχόντωνrulerN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀσυνθεσίᾳasynthesiaN1A DSF · ἀσυνθεσίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectἀσυνθεσία: meaning 'asynthesia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

ταύτῃoytosRD DSF · οὗτοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

ἀρχῇarcheN1 DSF · ἀρχήdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀρχή: meaning 'arche'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

καὶ ὡς ἤκουσα τὸν λόγον τοῦτον διέρρηξα τὰ ἱμάτιά μου καὶ ἐπαλλόμην καὶ ἔτιλλον ἀπὸ τῶν τριχῶν τῆς κεφαλῆς μου καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πώγωνός μου καὶ ἐκαθήμην ἠρεμάζων

And when I heard this matter, I tore my garments and my mantle, and I pulled hair from my head and from my beard, and I sat down appalled.

Ezra answers the news with torn-garment mourningκαὶ ὡς

His bodily actions interpret the report as covenant disaster before any prayer is spoken.

Word-by-word analysis· 28 words

ἤκουσαakoyoVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'akoyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τοῦτονoytosRD ASM · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

διέρρηξαregnymi + diaVAI AAI1S · ῥήγνυμι + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'regnymi + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἱμάτιάimationN2N APN · ἱμάτιονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'imation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

μουegoRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐπαλλόμηνpallomaiV1I IMI1S · πάλλομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπάλλομαι: meaning 'pallomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἔτιλλονtilloV1I IAI1S · τίλλωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateτίλλω: meaning 'tillo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τριχῶνthrixN3 GPF · θρίξgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθρίξ: meaning 'thrix'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κεφαλῆςkephaleN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'kephale'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πώγωνόςpogonN3W GSM · πώγωνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπώγων: meaning 'pogon'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐκαθήμηνemai + kataV5I IMI1S · ἧμαι + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'emai + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἠρεμάζωνeremazoV1 · παπνσμ ἠρεμάζωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπνσμ ἠρεμάζω: meaning 'eremazo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

καὶ συνήχθησαν πρός με πᾶς ὁ διώκων λόγον θεοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπὶ ἀσυνθεσίᾳ τῆς ἀποικίας καὶ ἐγὼ καθήμενος ἠρεμάζων ἕως τῆς θυσίας τῆς ἑσπερινῆς

Then everyone who pursued the word of the God of Israel concerning the faithlessness of the returned exiles was gathered to me, while I sat appalled until the evening sacrifice.

Those who tremble at God's word gather around Ezraκαὶ

The circle around Ezra is constituted by responsiveness to the divine word and by shared horror at the faithlessness.

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

συνήχθησανago + synVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'ago + syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

πᾶςpasA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διώκωνdiokoV1 · παπνσμ διώκωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ διώκω: meaning 'dioko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

ἀσυνθεσίᾳasynthesiaA1A DSF · ἀσυνθεσίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectἀσυνθεσία: meaning 'asynthesia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀποικίαςapoikiaN1A GSF · ἀποικίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀποικία: meaning 'apoikia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐγὼegoRP NS · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

καθήμενοςpmpnsm emai + kataV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'pmpnsm emai + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἠρεμάζωνeremazonV1 · παπνσμ ἠρεμάζωνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπνσμ ἠρεμάζων: meaning 'eremazon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

ἕωςeosC · ἕωςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'eos'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θυσίαςthysiaN1A GSF · θυσίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθυσία: meaning 'thysia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἑσπερινῆςesperinosA1 GSF · ἑσπερινόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἑσπερινός: meaning 'esperinos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

καὶ ἐν θυσίᾳ τῇ ἑσπερινῇ ἀνέστην ἀπὸ ταπεινώσεώς μου καὶ ἐν τῷ διαρρῆξαί με τὰ ἱμάτιά μου καὶ ἐπαλλόμην καὶ κλίνω ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατά μου καὶ ἐκπετάζω τὰς χεῖράς μου πρὸς κύριον τὸν θεὸν

And at the evening sacrifice I rose from my humiliation, and with my garments and my mantle torn, I bent upon my knees and spread out my hands to the Lord God.

The evening offering becomes the moment of intercessionκαὶ ἐν

Ezra's kneeling and outstretched hands convert silent grief into explicit prayer.

Word-by-word analysis· 34 words

θυσίᾳthysiaN1A DSF · θυσίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceθυσία: meaning 'thysia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἑσπερινῇesperinosA1 DSF · ἑσπερινόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectἑσπερινός: meaning 'esperinos'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

ἀνέστηνistemi + anaVHI AAI1S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ eventἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ταπεινώσεώςtapeinosisN3I GSF · ταπείνωσιςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ The chapter teaches that anyone who comes to serve the Lord must expect testing, endure humiliation with patience, and trust that the God who proved faithful to earlier generations will show mercy rather than shame to those who fear him.ταπείνωσις: meaning 'tapeinosis'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διαρρῆξαίregnymi + diaVA AAN · ῥήγνυμι + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'regnymi + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κλίνωklinoV1 PAI1S · κλίνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ repentance, majesty, and mercy for sinnersκλίνω: meaning 'klino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γόνατάgonyN3 APN · γόνυaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participantγόνυ: meaning 'gony'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ἐκπετάζωpetazo + ekV1 PAI1S · πετάζω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπετάζω + ἐκ: meaning 'petazo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

χεῖράςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

καὶ εἶπα κύριε ᾐσχύνθην καὶ ἐνετράπην τοῦ ὑψῶσαι τὸ πρόσωπόν μου πρὸς σέ ὅτι αἱ ἀνομίαι ἡμῶν ἐπληθύνθησαν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ἡμῶν καὶ αἱ πλημμέλειαι ἡμῶν ἐμεγαλύνθησαν ἕως εἰς οὐρανόν

And I said, 'Lord, I am ashamed and confounded to lift my face to you, because our lawless deeds have multiplied above our head and our trespasses have grown great up to heaven.'

The prayer opens with shame before the holy Godκαὶ εἶπα

Ezra does not minimize the sin; he speaks of it as rising beyond human proportion.

Word-by-word analysis· 29 words

εἶπαeiponVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase.

ᾐσχύνθηνaischynoVCI API1S · αἰσχύνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateαἰσχύνω: meaning 'aischyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐνετράπηνtrepo + enVDI API1S · τρέπω + ἐνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aorist passive indicativeτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'trepo + en'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὑψῶσαιypsooV4 · παπνπφ ὑψόωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπνπφ ὑψόω: meaning 'ypsoo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

σέsyRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνομίαιanomiaN1A NPF · ἀνομίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἀνομία: meaning 'anomia'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐπληθύνθησανplethynoVCI API3P · πληθύνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'plethyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ὑπὲρyperP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'yper'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πλημμέλειαιplemmeleiaN1A NPF · πλημμέλειαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπλημμέλεια: meaning 'plemmeleia'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ἐμεγαλύνθησανmegalynoVCI API3P · μεγαλύνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeμεγαλύνω: meaning 'megalyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ἀπὸ ἡμερῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἐσμεν ἐν πλημμελείᾳ μεγάλῃ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀνομίαις ἡμῶν παρεδόθημεν ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἡμῶν καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ ἡμῶν ἐν χειρὶ βασιλέων τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ καὶ ἐν διαρπαγῇ καὶ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ προσώπου ἡμῶν ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη

From the days of our fathers we have been in great trespass until this day, and because of our lawless deeds we and our kings and our sons were given into the hand of the kings of the nations, to sword and captivity and plunder and shame of face, as it is this day.

Present shame is traced back through Israel's long trespassἀπὸ

The prayer reads exile and humiliation as the cumulative result of covenantal failure.

Word-by-word analysis· 49 words

ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

πατέρωνpaterN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'pater'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐσμενeimiV9 PAI1P · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

πλημμελείᾳplemmeleiaN1A DSF · πλημμέλειαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectπλημμέλεια: meaning 'plemmeleia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

μεγάλῃmegasA1 DSF · μέγαςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'megas'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ταύτηςoytosRD GSF · οὗτοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνομίαιςanomiaN1A DPF · ἀνομίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνομία: meaning 'anomia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

παρεδόθημενdidomi + paraVCI API1P · δίδωμι + παραparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'didomi + para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

ἡμεῖςegoRP NP · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

βασιλέωνkingN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐθνῶνethnosN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἔθνος: meaning 'ethnos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ῥομφαίᾳromphaiaN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'romphaia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

αἰχμαλωσίᾳcaptivityN1A DSF · αἰχμαλωσίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

διαρπαγῇdiarpageN1 DSF · διαρπαγήdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceδιαρπαγή: meaning 'diarpage'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

αἰσχύνῃaischyneN1 DSF · αἰσχύνηdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceαἰσχύνη: meaning 'aischyne'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

αὕτηoytosRD NSF · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

καὶ νῦν ἐπιεικεύσατο ἡμῖν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν τοῦ καταλιπεῖν ἡμῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν καὶ δοῦναι ἡμῖν στήριγμα ἐν τόπῳ ἁγιάσματος αὐτοῦ τοῦ φωτίσαι ὀφθαλμοὺς ἡμῶν καὶ δοῦναι ζωοποίησιν μικρὰν ἐν τῇ δουλείᾳ ἡμῶν

And now the Lord our God has shown us forbearance, to leave us a remnant for preservation and to give us a foothold in his holy place, to enlighten our eyes and to give us a little reviving in our slavery.

A brief reviving is acknowledged as sheer mercyκαὶ νῦν

Mercy has not erased slavery, but it has created a fragile space for renewed life at the sanctuary.

Word-by-word analysis· 33 words

νῦνnynD · νῦνadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'nyn'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐπιεικεύσατοeikoyomai + epiVAI AMI3S · εἰκούομαι + ἐπιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateεἰκούομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'eikoyomai + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἡμῖνegoRP DP · ἐγώdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καταλιπεῖνleipo + kataVB AAN · λείπω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardλείπω + κατα: meaning 'leipo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

σωτηρίανsoteriaN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'soteria'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

στήριγμαsterigmaN3M ASN · στήριγμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationστήριγμα: meaning 'sterigma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τόπῳtoposN2 DSM · τόποςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'topos'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

ἁγιάσματοςagiasmaN3M GSN · ἁγίασμαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἁγίασμα: meaning 'agiasma'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

αὐτοῦaytosRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

φωτίσαιphotizoVA AAN · φωτίζωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementφωτίζω: meaning 'photizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ὀφθαλμοὺςeyeN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ζωοποίησινzoopoieoVA AAS3P · ζωοποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateζωοποιέω: meaning 'zoopoieo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

μικρὰνmikrosA1A ASF · μικρόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'mikros'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δουλείᾳdoyleiaN1A DSF · δουλείαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceδουλεία: meaning 'doyleia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

ὅτι δοῦλοί ἐσμεν καὶ ἐν τῇ δουλείᾳ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐγκατέλιπεν ἡμᾶς κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ ἔκλινεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ἔλεος ἐνώπιον βασιλέων Περσῶν δοῦναι ἡμῖν ζωοποίησιν τοῦ ὑψῶσαι αὐτοὺς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ ἀναστῆσαι τὰ ἔρημα αὐτῆς καὶ τοῦ δοῦναι ἡμῖν φραγμὸν ἐν Ιουδα καὶ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ

For we are slaves; yet in our slavery the Lord our God has not abandoned us, but has inclined mercy toward us before the kings of Persia, to give us reviving, to raise up the house of our God, to restore its ruins, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem.

Persian favor is interpreted as God's preserving kindnessὅτι

Imperial assistance is narrated as the means by which God gives reviving and a protective wall.

Word-by-word analysis· 49 words

δοῦλοίservant / slaveN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐγκατέλιπενleipo + en + kataVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'leipo + en + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἡμᾶςegoRP AP · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἔκλινενklinoV1I IAI3S · κλίνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ ongoing verbal processκλίνω: meaning 'klino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

ἔλεοςmercyN2 NSM · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ἐνώπιονenopiosA1B ASM · ἐνώπιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐνώπιος: meaning 'enopios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΠερσῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

αὐτοὺςaytosRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀναστῆσαιistemi + anaVA AAN · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal form contributing subordinate action, manner, or specification within the oracleἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἔρημαeremaN3 APN · ἔρημαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἔρημα: meaning 'erema'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

αὐτῆςaytosRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

φραγμὸνwall / fenceN2 ASM · φραγμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφραγμός: meaning 'wall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ΙουδαJudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.

τί εἴπωμεν ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν μετὰ τοῦτο ὅτι ἐγκατελίπομεν ἐντολάς σου

And now what shall we say, our God, after this? For we have forsaken your commandments,

Ezra admits that disobedience has left no easy answerτί

The rhetorical question signals that the prayer is moving away from explanation toward surrender.

Word-by-word analysis· 11 words

τίtisRI ASN · τίςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'tis'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

εἴπωμενsayVBI AAS1P · λέγωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.

τοῦτοoytosRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ἐγκατελίπομενleipo + en + kataVBI AAI1P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aorist (the act of abandonment)λείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'leipo + en + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐντολάςcommandmentN1 APF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἐντολή: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

σουsyRP GS · σύgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ἃς ἔδωκας ἡμῖν ἐν χειρὶ δούλων σου τῶν προφητῶν λέγων ἡ γῆ εἰς ἣν εἰσπορεύεσθε κληρονομῆσαι αὐτήν γῆ μετακινουμένη ἐστὶν ἐν μετακινήσει λαῶν τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐν μακρύμμασιν αὐτῶν ὧν ἔπλησαν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ στόματος ἐπὶ στόμα ἐν ἀκαθαρσίαις αὐτῶν

which you gave us by the hand of your servants the prophets, saying, 'The land into which you are entering to inherit it is a land made unclean by the uncleanness of the peoples of the nations, by their abominations with which they have filled it from end to end in their impurity.'

The prophetic command is recalled in land-purity termsἃς

The land itself is described as contaminated by the peoples' abominations, intensifying the seriousness of mixture.

Word-by-word analysis· 38 words

ἃςosRR APF · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'os'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ἔδωκαςgiveVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

δούλωνservant / slaveN2 GPM · δοῦλοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προφητῶνprophetesN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophetes'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

λέγωνsayV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

ἣνosRR ASF · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'os'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

εἰσπορεύεσθεporeyomai + eisV1 PMI2P · πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'poreyomai + eis'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

κληρονομῆσαιkleronomeoVA AAN · κληρονομέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementκληρονομέω: meaning 'kleronomeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

αὐτήνaytosRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

μετακινουμένηpmpnsph kineo + metaV2 · πμπνσφ κινέω + μεταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπμπνσφ κινέω + μετα: meaning 'pmpnsph kineo + meta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

μετακινήσειkineo + metaVF FAI3S · κινέω + μεταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateκινέω + μετα: meaning 'kineo + meta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μακρύμμασινmakrymmaN3M DPN · μάκρυμμαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectμάκρυμμα: meaning 'makrymma'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

ὧνosRR GPM · ὅςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationὅς: meaning 'os'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

ἔπλησανpimplemiVAI AAI3P · πίμπλημιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'pimplemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

αὐτὴνaytosRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

στόματοςstomaN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'stoma'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

στόμαstomaN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationστόμα: meaning 'stoma'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ἀκαθαρσίαιςakatharsiaN1A DPF · ἀκαθαρσίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀκαθαρσία: meaning 'akatharsia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

καὶ νῦν τὰς θυγατέρας ὑμῶν μὴ δῶτε τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων αὐτῶν μὴ λάβητε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἐκζητήσετε εἰρήνην αὐτῶν καὶ ἀγαθὸν αὐτῶν ἕως αἰῶνος ὅπως ἐνισχύσητε καὶ φάγητε τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῆς γῆς καὶ κληροδοτήσητε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν ἕως αἰῶνος

And now, do not give your daughters to their sons, and do not take from their daughters for your sons, and do not seek their peace or their good forever, so that you may be strong and eat the good things of the land and leave it as an inheritance to your sons forever.

The intermarriage prohibition is stated as inherited covenant wisdomκαὶ νῦν

Strength, enjoyment of the land, and lasting inheritance are tied to refusing marital fusion.

Word-by-word analysis· 45 words

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θυγατέραςdaughterN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ὑμῶνsyRP GP · σύgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

δῶτεgiveVO AAS2P · δίδωμιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ subjunctive contingencyδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

λάβητεlambanoVB AAS2P · λαμβάνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω: meaning 'lambano'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκζητήσετεzeteo + ekVF FAI2P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'zeteo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

εἰρήνηνeireneN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'eirene'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 ASM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

αἰῶνοςaionN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'aion'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ὅπωςoposC · ὅπωςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'opos'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐνισχύσητεischyo + enVA AAS2P · ἰσχύω + ἐνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἰσχύω + ἐν: meaning 'ischyo + en'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

φάγητεesthioVB AAS2P · ἐσθίωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ commandἐσθίω: meaning 'esthio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀγαθὰgoodA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

κληροδοτήσητεklerodoteoVA AAS2P · κληροδοτέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateκληροδοτέω: meaning 'klerodoteo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καὶ μετὰ πᾶν τὸ ἐρχόμενον ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ἐν ποιήμασιν ἡμῶν τοῖς πονηροῖς καὶ ἐν πλημμελείᾳ ἡμῶν τῇ μεγάλῃ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὅτι ἐκούφισας ἡμῶν τὰς ἀνομίας καὶ ἔδωκας ἡμῖν σωτηρίαν

And after all that has come upon us because of our evil deeds and our great trespass - though there is none like you, our God, because you have lightened our lawless deeds and given us such a remnant -

Ezra confesses that mercy has already exceeded justiceκαὶ μετὰ

The remnant exists only because God has punished less than the sins deserve.

Word-by-word analysis· 34 words

πᾶνpasA3 NSN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐρχόμενονcomeV1 · πμπασμ ἔρχομαιparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπμπασμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

ποιήμασινpoiemaN3M DPN · ποίημαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ appointed times and creaturely limitsποίημα: meaning 'poiema'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πονηροῖςponerosA1A DPM · πονηρόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπονηρός: meaning 'poneros'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἔστινeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκούφισαςkoyphizoVAI AAI2S · κουφίζωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateκουφίζω: meaning 'koyphizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνομίαςanomiaN1A GSF · ἀνομίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀνομία: meaning 'anomia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

ὅτι ἐπεστρέψαμεν διασκεδάσαι ἐντολάς σου καὶ ἐπιγαμβρεῦσαι τοῖς λαοῖς τῶν γαιῶν μὴ παροξυνθῇς ἐν ἡμῖν ἕως συντελείας τοῦ μὴ εἶναι ἐγκατάλειμμα καὶ διασῳζόμενον

shall we turn back again to shatter your commandments and to intermarry with the peoples of the lands? Would you not be angry with us unto destruction, so that there would be no remnant and no survivor?

Renewed compromise is exposed as a return to rebellionὅτι

If the people go back into forbidden unions, only total destruction would answer the logic of the covenant.

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

ἐπεστρέψαμενstrepho + epiVAI AAI1P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'strepho + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

διασκεδάσαιskedazo + diaVA AAN · σκεδάζω + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aoristσκεδάζω + δια: meaning 'skedazo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐπιγαμβρεῦσαιgambreyo + epiVA AAN · γαμβρεύω + ἐπιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateγαμβρεύω + ἐπι: meaning 'gambreyo + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

παροξυνθῇςoxyno + paraVC APS2S · ὀξύνω + παραparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionὀξύνω + παρα: meaning 'oxyno + para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

συντελείαςsynteleiaN1A GSF · συντέλειαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

εἶναιeimiV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐγκατάλειμμαegkataleimmaN3M NSN · ἐγκατάλειμμαnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἐγκατάλειμμα: meaning 'egkataleimma'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

διασῳζόμενονpmpasm sozo + diaV1 · πμπασμ σώζω + διαparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπμπασμ σώζω + δια: meaning 'pmpasm sozo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.

κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ δίκαιος σύ ὅτι κατελείφθημεν διασῳζόμενοι ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα αὕτη ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἐναντίον σου ἐν πλημμελείαις ἡμῶν ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν στῆναι ἐνώπιόν σου ἐπὶ τούτῳ

O Lord God of Israel, you are righteous, for we are left as survivors, as it is this day. Behold, we are before you in our trespasses, for there is no standing before you because of this.'

The prayer ends with God's righteousness and the remnant's helplessnessκύριε

Ezra concludes not by bargaining but by standing exposed before the Lord's just judgment.

Word-by-word analysis· 28 words

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

σύsyRP NS · σύnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.

κατελείφθημενleipo + kataVVI API1P · λείπω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristλείπω + κατα: meaning 'leipo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

διασῳζόμενοιpmpnpm sozo + diaV1 · πμπνπμ σώζω + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπμπνπμ σώζω + δια: meaning 'pmpnpm sozo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἰδοὺidoyI · ἰδούnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'idoy'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.

ἐναντίονenantionD · ἐναντίονadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐναντίον: meaning 'enantion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πλημμελείαιςplemmeleiaN1A DPF · πλημμέλειαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπλημμέλεια: meaning 'plemmeleia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

στῆναιstandVH AAN · ἵστημιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.

ἐνώπιόνenopiosA1B ASM · ἐνώπιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐνώπιος: meaning 'enopios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.

τούτῳoytosRD DSM · οὗτοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.

The Second Book of Esdras, Chapter 9ΕΣΔΡΑΣ Β′ Θ′

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Translation & textual notes