1
καὶ ὡς προσηύξατο Εσδρας καὶ ὡς ἐξηγόρευσεν κλαίων καὶ προσευχόμενος ἐνώπιον οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ συνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ Ισραηλ ἐκκλησία πολλὴ σφόδρα ἄνδρες καὶ γυναῖκες καὶ νεανίσκοι ὅτι ἔκλαυσεν ὁ λαὸς καὶ ὕψωσεν κλαίων
And as Esdras prayed and made confession, weeping and praying before the house of God, a very great assembly from Israel gathered to him - men and women and young people - for the people wept and raised their crying aloud.
Private confession spills outward into communal lament that includes the whole social body.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσηύξατοeychomai + prosVAI AMI3S · εὔχομαι + προςverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aorist middleεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'eychomai + pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηγόρευσενagoreyo + ekVAI AAI3S · ἀγορεύω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἀγορεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'agoreyo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
κλαίωνklaioV1 · παπνσμ κλαίωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κλαίω: meaning 'klaio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσευχόμενοςpmpnsm eychomai + prosV1 · πμπνσμ εὔχομαι + προςverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationπμπνσμ εὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'pmpnsm eychomai + pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐνώπιονenopiosA1B ASM · ἐνώπιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐνώπιος: meaning 'enopios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
συνήχθησανago + synVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'ago + syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνaytosRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ἐκκλησίαekklesiaN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'ekklesia'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
πολλὴpolysA1 NSF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'polys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
σφόδραsphodraD · σφόδραadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'sphodra'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςanerN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'aner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκεςwoman / wifeN3K NPF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεανίσκοιneaniskosN2 NPM · νεανίσκοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceνεανίσκος: meaning 'neaniskos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκλαυσενklaioVAI AAI3S · κλαίωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristκλαίω: meaning 'klaio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕψωσενypsooVAI AAI3S · ὑψόωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristὑψόω: meaning 'ypsoo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
κλαίωνklaioV1 · παπνσμ κλαίωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κλαίω: meaning 'klaio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
2
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Σεχενιας υἱὸς Ιιηλ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ηλαμ καὶ εἶπεν τῷ Εσδρα ἡμεῖς ἠσυνθετήσαμεν τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν καὶ ἐκαθίσαμεν γυναῖκας ἀλλοτρίας ἀπὸ λαῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ νῦν ἔστιν ὑπομονὴ τῷ Ισραηλ ἐπὶ τούτῳ
Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel, from the sons of Elam, answered and said to Esdras, 'We have acted faithlessly against our God and have taken foreign women from the peoples of the land; yet now there is hope for Israel concerning this.'
The response is strikingly pastoral and juridical at once: guilt is real, but repentance remains possible.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηkrino + apoVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'krino + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ΣεχενιαςSecheniasN NSM · Σεχενιαςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣεχενιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ΙιηλIielN GSM · Ιιηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΗλαμElamN GSM · Ηλαμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΗλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενeiponVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕσδραEsdraN DSM · Εσδραproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕσδρα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ἡμεῖςegoRP NP · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἠσυνθετήσαμενasyntheteoVAI AAI1P · ἀσυνθετέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἀσυνθετέω: meaning 'asyntheteo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαθίσαμενizo + kataVAI AAI1P · ἵζω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'izo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλοτρίαςallotriosA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ folly, quarrels, and hidden hostilityἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnynD · νῦνadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'nyn'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὑπομονὴypomoneN1 NSF · ὑπομονήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceὑπομονή: meaning 'ypomone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τούτῳoytosRD DSM · οὗτοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
3
καὶ νῦν διαθώμεθα διαθήκην τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν ἐκβαλεῖν πάσας τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ αὐτῶν ὡς ἂν βούλῃ ἀνάστηθι καὶ φοβέρισον αὐτοὺς ἐν ἐντολαῖς θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ ὡς ὁ νόμος γενηθήτω
And now let us make a covenant with our God to cast out all the women and those born from them, as you determine; arise and make them afraid by the commandments of our God, and let it be done according to the law.
The proposal presses beyond feeling to a costly legal act governed by divine command and Torah.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnynD · νῦνadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'nyn'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθώμεθαtithemi + diaVE AMS1P · τίθημι + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ hortatory aorist subjunctive of covenant-makingτίθημι + δια: meaning 'tithemi + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἐκβαλεῖνballo + ekVF2 FAN · βάλλω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'ballo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πάσαςpasA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενόμεναbecome / happenVB · αμπαπν γίγνομαιparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateαμπαπν γίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἐξekP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνanX · ἄνnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: meaning 'an'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
βούλῃboylomaiV1 PMS2S · βούλομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateβούλομαι: meaning 'boylomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἀνάστηθιistemi + anaVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβέρισονphoberizoVA AAD2S · φοβερίζωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateφοβερίζω: meaning 'phoberizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
αὐτοὺςaytosRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐντολαῖςcommandmentN1 DPF · ἐντολήdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐντολή: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοςnomosN2 NSM · νόμοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceνόμος: meaning 'nomos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
γενηθήτωbecome / happenVC APD3S · γίγνομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
4
ἀνάστα ὅτι ἐπὶ σὲ τὸ ῥῆμα καὶ ἡμεῖς μετὰ σοῦ κραταιοῦ καὶ ποίησον
Rise up, for the matter is upon you, and we are with you; be strong and do it.'
The community pledges support, but Ezra must lead the reform decisively.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀνάσταistemi + anaVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σὲsyRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαremaN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμεῖςegoRP NP · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σοῦsyRP GS · σύgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
κραταιοῦkrataiosA1A GSM · κραταιόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionκραταιός: meaning 'krataios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
5
καὶ ἀνέστη Εσδρας καὶ ὥρκισεν τοὺς ἄρχοντας τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ Λευίτας καὶ πάντα Ισραηλ τοῦ ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο καὶ ὤμοσαν
Then Esdras rose and put the leaders, the priests, the Levites, and all Israel under oath to do according to this word; and they swore.
Leaders and people are bound by oath so that repentance takes institutional form.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηistemi + anaVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὥρκισενorkizoVAI AAI3S · ὁρκίζωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateὁρκίζω: meaning 'orkizo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςarchoV1 · παπαπμ ἄρχωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπαπμ ἄρχω: meaning 'archo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛευίταςLeyitasN1M APM · Λευείτηςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΛευίτας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταpasA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
κατὰkataP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'kata'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαremaN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦτοoytosRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤμοσανomnymiVAI AAI3P · ὄμνυμιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aorist (the swearing of the oath)ὄμνυμι: meaning 'omnymi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
6
καὶ ἀνέστη Εσδρας ἀπὸ προσώπου οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐπορεύθη εἰς γαζοφυλάκιον Ιωαναν υἱοῦ Ελισουβ καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐκεῖ ἄρτον οὐκ ἔφαγεν καὶ ὕδωρ οὐκ ἔπιεν ὅτι ἐπένθει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀσυνθεσίᾳ τῆς ἀποικίας
Then Esdras rose from before the house of God and went into the chamber of Johanan son of Eliashib; and he went there, ate no bread, and drank no water, because he was mourning over the faithlessness of the returned exiles.
The reform is underway, yet Ezra still mourns the exile-community's faithlessness before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηistemi + anaVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηporeyomaiVCI API3S · πορεύομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
γαζοφυλάκιονgazophylakionN2N ASN · γαζοφυλάκιονaccusative element functioning as object or goalγαζοφυλάκιον: meaning 'gazophylakion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙωανανIoananN GSM · Ιωανανproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙωαναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΕλισουβElisoybN GSM · Ελισουβproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλισουβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηporeyomaiVCI API3S · πορεύομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐκεῖekeiD · ἐκεῖadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'ekei'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτονartosN2 ASM · ἄρτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄρτος: meaning 'artos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφαγενesthioVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'esthio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρydorN3 NSN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'ydor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπιενpinoVBI AAI3S · πίνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπίνω: meaning 'pino'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπένθειpenthosN3E DSN · πένθοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectπένθος: meaning 'penthos'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσυνθεσίᾳasynthesiaN1A DSF · ἀσυνθεσίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectἀσυνθεσία: meaning 'asynthesia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποικίαςapoikiaN1A GSF · ἀποικίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀποικία: meaning 'apoikia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
7
καὶ παρήνεγκαν φωνὴν ἐν Ιουδα καὶ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ πᾶσιν τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀποικίας τοῦ συναθροισθῆναι εἰς Ιερουσαλημ
And they sent a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem to all the sons of the exile that they should gather at Jerusalem,
What was conceived in prayer now becomes a binding public assembly.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρήνεγκανphero + paraVAI AAI3P · φέρω + παραparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionφέρω + παρα: meaning 'phero + para'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
φωνὴνphoneN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'phone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙουδαJudahN DSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
πᾶσινpasA3 DPM · πᾶςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποικίαςapoikiaN1A GSF · ἀποικίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀποικία: meaning 'apoikia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναθροισθῆναιathroizo + synVC APN · ἀθροίζω + συνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἀθροίζω + συν: meaning 'athroizo + syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
8
καὶ πᾶς ὃς ἂν μὴ ἔλθῃ εἰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας ὡς ἡ βουλὴ τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἀναθεματισθήσεται πᾶσα ἡ ὕπαρξις αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς διασταλήσεται ἀπὸ ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἀποικίας
and everyone who should not come within three days, according to the counsel of the leaders and the elders, all his property would be devoted and he himself separated from the assembly of the exile.
Property loss and exclusion underline that covenantal indifference will not be treated as neutral.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςpasA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ὃςosRR NSM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'os'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἂνanX · ἄνnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: meaning 'an'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλθῃcomeVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τρεῖςtreisM NPM · τρεῖςnominal term functioning within the local clause or phraseτρεῖς: meaning 'treis'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴboyleN1 NSF · βουλήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceβουλή: meaning 'boyle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρχόντωνrulerN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρωνpresbyterosA1A GPM · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'presbyteros'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἀναθεματισθήσεταιthematizo + anaVC FPI3S · θεματίζω + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateθεματίζω + ἀνα: meaning 'thematizo + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πᾶσαpasA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕπαρξιςyparxisN3I NSF · ὕπαρξιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ teachability, speech, and disciplined desireὕπαρξις: meaning 'yparxis'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
αὐτοῦaytosRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςaytosRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceαὐτός: meaning 'aytos'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
διασταλήσεταιstello + diaVD FPI3S · στέλλω + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateστέλλω + δια: meaning 'stello + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐκκλησίαςekklesiaN1A GSF · ἐκκλησίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἐκκλησία: meaning 'ekklesia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποικίαςapoikiaN1A GSF · ἀποικίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀποικία: meaning 'apoikia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
9
καὶ συνήχθησαν πάντες ἄνδρες Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ εἰς τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας οὗτος ὁ μὴν ὁ ἔνατος ἐν εἰκάδι τοῦ μηνὸς ἐκάθισεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἐν πλατείᾳ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπὸ θορύβου αὐτῶν περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος
Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin were gathered to Jerusalem within the three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month, and all the people sat in the square of the house of God, trembling because of the matter and because of the storm.
The physical storm matches the moral gravity of the moment and heightens the scene's urgency.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήχθησανago + synVQI API3P · ἄγω + συνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἄγω + συν: meaning 'ago + syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πάντεςpasA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἄνδρεςanerN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'aner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρεῖςtreisM NPM · τρεῖςnominal term functioning within the local clause or phraseτρεῖς: meaning 'treis'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
οὗτοςoytosRD NSM · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴνmonthX · μήνnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴν: meaning 'month'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνατοςenatosA1 NSM · ἔνατοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἔνατος: meaning 'enatos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἰκάδιeikasN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceεἰκάς: meaning 'eikas'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἐκάθισενizo + kataVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'izo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πᾶςpasA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλατείᾳplatysA3U DSF · πλατύςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect objectπλατύς: meaning 'platys'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θορύβουthorybosN2 GSM · θόρυβοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionθόρυβος: meaning 'thorybos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματοςremaN3M GSN · ῥῆμαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμῶνοςcheimonN3W GSM · χειμώνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionχειμών: meaning 'cheimon'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
10
καὶ ἀνέστη Εσδρας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς ὑμεῖς ἠσυνθετήκατε καὶ ἐκαθίσατε γυναῖκας ἀλλοτρίας τοῦ προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ πλημμέλειαν Ισραηλ
And Esdras the priest stood up and said to them, 'You have acted faithlessly and have taken foreign women, adding to the trespass of Israel.'
The charge is not general wickedness but the specific addition of foreign marriages to Israel's guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηistemi + anaVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενeiponVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςaytosRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὑμεῖςsyRP NP · σύnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἠσυνθετήκατεasyntheteoVXI XAI2P · ἀσυνθετέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἀσυνθετέω: meaning 'asyntheteo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαθίσατεizo + kataVAI AAI2P · ἵζω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateἵζω + κατα: meaning 'izo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλοτρίαςallotriosA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ folly, quarrels, and hidden hostilityἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσθεῖναιtithemi + prosVE AAN · τίθημι + προςverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: meaning 'tithemi + pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλημμέλειανplemmeleiaN1A ASF · πλημμέλειαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπλημμέλεια: meaning 'plemmeleia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
11
καὶ νῦν δότε αἴνεσιν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν καὶ ποιήσατε τὸ ἀρεστὸν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ καὶ διαστάλητε ἀπὸ λαῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν τῶν ἀλλοτρίων
And now give praise to the Lord, the God of your fathers, and do what is pleasing before him, and separate yourselves from the peoples of the land and from the foreign women.'
To praise the Lord here means to agree with his verdict and to act accordingly.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnynD · νῦνadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'nyn'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δότεgiveVO AAD2P · δίδωμιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
αἴνεσινainesisN3I ASF · αἴνεσιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'ainesis'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνpaterN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπατήρ: meaning 'pater'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ὑμῶνsyRP GP · σύgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσατεdoVA AAD2P · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρεστὸνarestosA1 ASM · ἀρεστόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀρεστός: meaning 'arestos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνώπιονenopiosA1B ASM · ἐνώπιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐνώπιος: meaning 'enopios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦaytosRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαστάλητεstello + diaVD APS2P · στέλλω + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateστέλλω + δια: meaning 'stello + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
λαῶνpeopleN2 GPM · λαόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικῶνwoman / wifeN3K GPF · γυνήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοτρίωνallotriosA1A GPM · ἀλλότριοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
12
καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν πᾶσα ἡ ἐκκλησία καὶ εἶπαν μέγα τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ποιῆσαι
Then all the assembly answered and said, 'Great is this word of yours for us to do.'
The people's answer shows consent in principle before procedure is negotiated.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθησανkrino + apoVCI API3P · κρίνω + ἀποverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'krino + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πᾶσαpasA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκκλησίαekklesiaN1A NSF · ἐκκλησίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'ekklesia'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανeiponVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
μέγαmegasA1 NSN · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ electing love, polluted worship, and priestly contemptμέγας: meaning 'megas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τοῦτοoytosRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμάremaN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σουsyRP GS · σύgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'sy'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςegoRP AP · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
13
ἀλλὰ ὁ λαὸς πολύς καὶ ὁ καιρὸς χειμερινός καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν δύναμις στῆναι ἔξω καὶ τὸ ἔργον οὐκ εἰς ἡμέραν μίαν καὶ οὐκ εἰς δύο ὅτι ἐπληθύναμεν τοῦ ἀδικῆσαι ἐν τῷ ῥήματι τούτῳ
But the people are many, and the season is wintry, and there is no strength to stand outside; and the work is not for one day or for two, for we have greatly transgressed in this matter.
The assembly does not resist repentance; it argues for a process proportionate to the scale of the offense.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἀλλὰallaC · ἀλλάconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'alla'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
πολύςpolysA3U NSM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπολύς: meaning 'polys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρὸςkairosN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ appointed times and creaturely limitsκαιρός: meaning 'kairos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
χειμερινόςcheimerinosA1 NSM · χειμερινόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateχειμερινός: meaning 'cheimerinos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
δύναμιςdynamisN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'dynamis'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
στῆναιstandVH AAN · ἵστημιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἔξωexoD · ἔξωadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξω: meaning 'exo'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργονworkN2N ASN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μίανeisA1A ASF · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'eis'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δύοdyoM NDM · δύοnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'dyo'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπληθύναμενplethynoVAI AAI1P · πληθύνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπληθύνω: meaning 'plethyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικῆσαιadikeoVA AAN · ἀδικέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementἀδικέω: meaning 'adikeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματιremaN3M DSN · ῥῆμαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
τούτῳoytosRD DSM · οὗτοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestτούτῳ: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
14
στήτωσαν δὴ οἱ ἄρχοντες ἡμῶν τῇ πάσῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐν πόλεσιν ἡμῶν ὃς ἐκάθισεν γυναῖκας ἀλλοτρίας ἐλθέτωσαν εἰς καιροὺς ἀπὸ συνταγῶν καὶ μετ' αὐτῶν πρεσβύτεροι πόλεως καὶ πόλεως καὶ κριταὶ τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι ὀργὴν θυμοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐξ ἡμῶν περὶ τοῦ ῥήματος τούτου
Let our leaders stand for the whole assembly, and let all in our cities who have taken foreign women come at appointed times, and with them the elders of each city and its judges, to turn away the fierce anger of our God from us concerning this matter.
The plan seeks to turn away divine wrath through ordered hearings with local elders and judges.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
στήτωσανstandVH AAD3P · ἵστημιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
δὴdeX · δήnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: meaning 'de'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulerN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάσῃpasA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ἐκκλησίᾳekklesiaN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'ekklesia'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςpasA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεσινcityN3I DPF · πόλιςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ὃςosRR NSM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'os'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐκάθισενizo + kataVAI AAI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'izo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλοτρίαςallotriosA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ folly, quarrels, and hidden hostilityἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἐλθέτωσανcomeVB AAD3P · ἔρχομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καιροὺςkairosN2 APM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'kairos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
συνταγῶνsyntageN1 GPF · συνταγήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionσυνταγή: meaning 'syntage'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
πρεσβύτεροιpresbyterosA1A NPM · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ locust devastation and communal lamentπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'presbyteros'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριταὶkritesN1M NPM · κριτήςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceκριτής: meaning 'krites'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστρέψαιstrepho + apoVA AAN · στρέφω + ἀποverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ infinitival complementστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'strepho + apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὀργὴνorgeN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'orge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
θυμοῦthymosN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'thymos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἐξekP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνegoRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ego'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματοςremaN3M GSN · ῥῆμαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τούτουoytosRD GSM · οὗτοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
15
πλὴν Ιωναθαν υἱὸς Ασαηλ καὶ Ιαζια υἱὸς Θεκουε μετ' ἐμοῦ περὶ τούτου καὶ Μεσουλαμ καὶ Σαβαθαι ὁ Λευίτης βοηθῶν αὐτοῖς
Only Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah stood with me concerning this, and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite were helping them.
The compressed verse shows that the reform had concrete administrators and supporters rather than vague momentum.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
πλὴνplenD · πλήνadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'plen'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωναθανIonathanN NSM · Ιωναθανproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙωναθαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ΑσαηλAsaelN GSM · Ασαηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑσαηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαζιαIaziaN NSM · Ιαζιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαζια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ΘεκουεThekoyeN GSM · Θεκουεproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΘεκουε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
μετ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦegoRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἐγώ: meaning 'ego'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τούτουoytosRD GSM · οὗτοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'oytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜεσουλαμMesoylamN NSM · Μεσουλαμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜεσουλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαβαθαιSabathaiN NSM · Σαβαθαιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαβαθαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίτηςLeyitesN1M NSM · Λευείτηςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΛευίτης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
βοηθῶνboethosN2 GPM · βοηθόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationβοηθός: meaning 'boethos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
αὐτοῖςaytosRD DPM · αὐτόςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
16
καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτως υἱοὶ τῆς ἀποικίας καὶ διεστάλησαν Εσδρας ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἄνδρες ἄρχοντες πατριῶν τῷ οἴκῳ καὶ πάντες ἐν ὀνόμασιν ὅτι ἐπέστρεψαν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δεκάτου ἐκζητῆσαι τὸ ῥῆμα
And the sons of the exile did so. Esdras the priest and men who were heads of fathers' houses were set apart, all designated by name; and they took their seats on the first day of the tenth month to investigate the matter.
Named heads of houses take their places so that the matter can be examined methodically.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdoVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
οὕτωςoytosD · οὕτωςadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'oytos'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποικίαςapoikiaN1A GSF · ἀποικίαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἀποικία: meaning 'apoikia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεστάλησανstello + diaVDI API3P · στέλλω + διαverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateστέλλω + δια: meaning 'stello + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ΕσδραςEsdrasN NSM · Εσδραςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΕσδρας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςanerN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'aner'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἄρχοντεςrulerN3 NPM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
πατριῶνpatriaN1A GPF · πατριάgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπατριά: meaning 'patria'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςpasA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀνόμασινnameN3M DPN · ὄνομαdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ὅτιbecause / thatC · ὅτιconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψανstrepho + epiVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'strepho + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
μιᾷeisA1A DSF · εἷςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ measure or countμιᾷ: meaning 'eis'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεκάτουdekatosA1 GSM · δέκατοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionδέκατος: meaning 'dekatos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἐκζητῆσαιzeteo + ekVA AAN · ζητέω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aorist infinitive (purpose of the coming)ζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'zeteo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαremaN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'rema'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
17
καὶ ἐτέλεσαν ἐν πᾶσιν ἀνδράσιν οἳ ἐκάθισαν γυναῖκας ἀλλοτρίας ἕως ἡμέρας μιᾶς τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ πρώτου
And they completed the examination of all the men who had taken foreign women by the first day of the first month.
The closing date emphasizes persistence: the reform lasts until the cases are actually resolved.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτέλεσανteleoVAI AAI3P · τελέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristτελέω: meaning 'teleo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινpasA3 DPM · πᾶςdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
ἀνδράσινanerN3 DPM · ἀνήρdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'aner'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
οἳtheRR NPM · ὅςarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participant referenceοἳ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκάθισανizo + kataVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'izo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλοτρίαςallotriosA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ folly, quarrels, and hidden hostilityἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἕωςeosC · ἕωςconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'eos'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
μιᾶςeisA1A GSF · εἷςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'eis'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουprotosA1 GSMS · πρῶτοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπρῶτος: meaning 'protos'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
18
καὶ εὑρέθησαν ἀπὸ υἱῶν τῶν ἱερέων οἳ ἐκάθισαν γυναῖκας ἀλλοτρίας ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ἰησοῦ υἱοῦ Ιωσεδεκ καὶ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ Μαασηα καὶ Ελιεζερ καὶ Ιαριβ καὶ Γαδαλια
And from the sons of the priests there were found who had taken foreign women: from the sons of Jeshua son of Jozadak and his brothers, Maaseiah and Eliezer and Jarib and Gedaliah.
The list starts at the cultic center, where accountability must be most visible.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρέθησανeyriskoVC API3P · εὑρίσκωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'eyrisko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωνpriestN3V GPM · ἱερεύςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
οἳtheRR NPM · ὅςarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participant referenceοἳ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκάθισανizo + kataVAI AAI3P · ἵζω + καταverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'izo + kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλοτρίαςallotriosA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ folly, quarrels, and hidden hostilityἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἸησοῦIesoyN GSM · Ἰησοῦςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationἸησοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΙωσεδεκIosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙωσεδεκ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀδελφοὶbrotherN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
αὐτοῦaytosRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΜαασηαMaaseaN GSM · Μαασηαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαασηα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιεζερEliezerN GSM · Ελιεζερproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιεζερ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαριβIaribN GSM · Ιαριβproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαριβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΓαδαλιαGadaliaN GSM · Γαδαλιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΓαδαλια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
19
καὶ ἔδωκαν χεῖρα αὐτῶν τοῦ ἐξενέγκαι γυναῖκας αὐτῶν καὶ πλημμελείας κριὸν ἐκ προβάτων περὶ πλημμελήσεως αὐτῶν
And they gave their hand to put away their wives, and for their trespass they offered a ram from the flock for their trespass.
Repentance includes both the putting away of wives and sacrificial acknowledgment of guilt.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκανgiveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξενέγκαιphero + ekVA AAN · φέρω + ἐκverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ reverence, wealth, and received portionφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'phero + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλημμελείαςplemmeleiaN1A APF · πλημμέλειαaccusative element functioning as object or goalπλημμέλεια: meaning 'plemmeleia'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κριὸνkriosN2 ASM · κριόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκριός: meaning 'krios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐκekP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προβάτωνprobatonN2N GPN · πρόβατονgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'probaton'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλημμελήσεωςplemmelesisN3I GSF · πλημμέλησιςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπλημμέλησις: meaning 'plemmelesis'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
20
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Εμμηρ Ανανι καὶ Ζαβδια
And from the sons of Immer: Hanani and Zebadiah.
The catalogue turns communal failure into named responsibility.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΕμμηρEmmerN GSM · Εμμηρproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΕμμηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΑνανιHananiN NSM · Ανανιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑνανι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβδιαZabdiaN NSM · Ζαβδιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαβδια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
21
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ηραμ Μασαια καὶ Ελια καὶ Σαμαια καὶ Ιιηλ καὶ Οζια
And from the sons of Harim: Maaseiah and Elijah and Shemaiah and Jehiel and Uzziah.
The repetition of family formulae gives documentary weight to the reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΗραμEramN NSM · Ηραμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΗραμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜασαιαMasaiaN NSM · Μασαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜασαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιαEliaN NSM · Ελιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαιαSamaiaN NSM · Σαμαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαμαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙιηλIielN NSM · Ιιηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟζιαOziaN NSM · Οζιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΟζια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
22
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Φασουρ Ελιωηναι Μαασαια καὶ Ισμαηλ καὶ Ναθαναηλ καὶ Ιωζαβαδ καὶ Ηλασα
And from the sons of Pashhur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah.
Priestly and family lines alike are drawn into public accountability.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΦασουρPhasoyrN GSM · Φασουρproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΦασουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕλιωηναιElioenaiN NSM · Ελιωηναιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιωηναι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαασαιαMaasaiaN NSM · Μαασαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαασαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙσμαηλIsmaelN NSM · Ισμαηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσμαηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαθαναηλNathanaelN NSM · Ναθαναηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΝαθαναηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωζαβαδIozabadN NSM · Ιωζαβαδproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙωζαβαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗλασαElasaN NSM · Ηλασαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΗλασα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
23
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Λευιτῶν Ιωζαβαδ καὶ Σαμου καὶ Κωλια αὐτὸς Κωλιτας καὶ Φαθαια καὶ Ιοδομ καὶ Ελιεζερ
And from the Levites: Jozabad and Shimei and Kolaiah, he is Kelita, and Pethahiah and Judah and Eliezer.
The list moves beyond priests to other temple personnel, widening the scope of reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευιτῶνLeyitonN1M GPM · Λευείτηςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΛευιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙωζαβαδIozabadN NSM · Ιωζαβαδproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙωζαβαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμουSamoyN NSM · Σαμουproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαμου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚωλιαKoliaN NSM · Κωλιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΚωλια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
αὐτὸςaytosRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceαὐτός: meaning 'aytos'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ΚωλιταςKolitasN NSM · Κωλιταςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΚωλιτας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦαθαιαPhathaiaN NSM · Φαθαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΦαθαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙοδομIodomN NSM · Ιοδομproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙοδομ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιεζερEliezerN NSM · Ελιεζερproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιεζερ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
24
καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ᾀδόντων Ελισαφ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν πυλωρῶν Σελλημ καὶ Τελημ καὶ Ωδουε
And from the singers: Eliashib; and from the gatekeepers: Shallum and Telem and Uri.
No liturgical office exempts a household from the chapter's demand for separation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾀδόντωνadoV1 · παπγπμ ᾄδωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπγπμ ᾄδω: meaning 'ado'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ΕλισαφElisaphN NSM · Ελισαφproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλισαφ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλωρῶνpylorosN2 GPM · πυλωρόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or descriptionπυλωρός: meaning 'pyloros'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΣελλημSellemN NSM · Σελλημproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣελλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΤελημTelemN NSM · Τελημproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΤελημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΩδουεOdoyeN NSM · Ωδουεproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΩδουε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
25
καὶ ἀπὸ Ισραηλ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Φορος Ραμια καὶ Ιαζια καὶ Μελχια καὶ Μεαμιν καὶ Ελεαζαρ καὶ Ασαβια καὶ Βαναια
And from Israel, from the sons of Parosh: Ramiah and Izziah and Malchijah and Miamin and Eleazar and Hashabiah and Benaiah.
The matter is not confined to clergy; the whole returned community is implicated.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΦοροςPhorosN GSM · Φοροςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΦορος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΡαμιαRamiaN NSM · Ραμιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΡαμια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαζιαIaziaN NSM · Ιαζιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαζια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜελχιαMelchiaN NSM · Μελχιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜελχια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜεαμινMeaminN NSM · Μεαμινproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜεαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarN NSM · Ελεαζαρproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλεαζαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑσαβιαAsabiaN NSM · Ασαβιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑσαβια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒαναιαBanaiaN NSM · Βαναιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒαναια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
26
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ηλαμ Μαθανια καὶ Ζαχαρια καὶ Ιαϊηλ καὶ Αβδια καὶ Ιαριμωθ καὶ Ηλια
And from the sons of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, Jehiel, Abdi, Jeremoth, and Elijah.
The list's breadth shows repentance proceeding household by household.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΗλαμElamN GSM · Ηλαμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΗλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθανιαMathaniaN NSM · Μαθανιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθανια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαχαριαZachariaN NSM · Ζαχαριαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαχαρια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαϊηλIaielN NSM · Ιαϊηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαϊηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβδιαAbdiaN NSM · Αβδιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑβδια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαριμωθIarimothN NSM · Ιαριμωθproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαριμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΗλιαEliaN NSM · Ηλιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΗλια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
27
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ζαθουα Ελιωηναι Ελισουβ Μαθανια καὶ Ιαρμωθ καὶ Ζαβαδ καὶ Οζιζα
And from the sons of Zattu: Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Jeremoth, Zabad, and Aziza.
The sequence continues the documentary logic of named reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΖαθουαZathoyaN GSM · Ζαθουαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαθουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕλιωηναιElioenaiN NSM · Ελιωηναιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιωηναι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕλισουβElisoybN NSM · Ελισουβproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλισουβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθανιαMathaniaN NSM · Μαθανιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθανια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙαρμωθIarmothN NSM · Ιαρμωθproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαρμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβαδZabadN NSM · Ζαβαδproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαβαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟζιζαOzizaN NSM · Οζιζαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΟζιζα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
28
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Βαβι Ιωαναν Ανανια καὶ Ζαβου Οθαλι
And from the sons of Bebai: Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbou, and Athlai.
The register remains relentlessly concrete rather than merely symbolic.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΒαβιBabiN GSM · Βαβιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒαβι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙωανανIoananN NSM · Ιωανανproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙωαναν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΑνανιαAnaniaN NSM · Ανανιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ cosmic blessing and universal liturgyΑνανια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβουZaboyN NSM · Ζαβουproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαβου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΟθαλιOthaliN NSM · Οθαλιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΟθαλι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
29
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Βανουι Μεσουλαμ Μαλουχ Αδαιας Ιασουβ καὶ Σαλουια καὶ Ρημωθ
And from the sons of Bani: Meshullam, Malluch, Adaiah, Jashub, Sheal, and Jeremoth.
The repetition underscores that guilt is being handled by verifiable family units.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΒανουιBanoyiN GSM · Βανουιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒανουι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜεσουλαμMesoylamN NSM · Μεσουλαμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜεσουλαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαλουχMaloychN NSM · Μαλουχproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαλουχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΑδαιαςAdaiasN NSM · Αδαιαςproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑδαιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙασουβIasoybN NSM · Ιασουβproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙασουβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαλουιαSaloyiaN NSM · Σαλουιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαλουια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡημωθRemothN NSM · Ρημωθproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΡημωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
30
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Φααθμωαβ Εδενε Χαληλ Βαναια Μασηα Μαθανια Βεσεληλ καὶ Βανουι καὶ Μανασση
And from the sons of Pahath-moab: Adna and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, Binnui, and Manasseh.
The catalogue widens across major returnee clans.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΦααθμωαβPhaathmoabN GSM · Φααθμωαβproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΦααθμωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕδενεEdeneN NSM · Εδενεproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕδενε: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΧαληλChalelN NSM · Χαληλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΧαληλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΒαναιαBanaiaN NSM · Βαναιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒαναια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜασηαMaseaN NSM · Μασηαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜασηα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθανιαMathaniaN NSM · Μαθανιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθανια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΒεσεληλBeselelN NSM · Βεσεληλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒεσεληλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒανουιBanoyiN NSM · Βανουιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒανουι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜανασσηManasseN NSM · Μανασσήproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ discourse linkage or contrastΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
31
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ηραμ Ελιεζερ Ιεσσια Μελχια Σαμαια Σεμεων
And from the sons of Harim: Eliezer, Isshijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Simeon,
The text continues to expose individual households to public remembrance.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΗραμEramN GSM · Ηραμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΗραμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕλιεζερEliezerN NSM · Ελιεζερproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιεζερ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙεσσιαIessiaN NSM · Ιεσσιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙεσσια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜελχιαMelchiaN NSM · Μελχιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜελχια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣαμαιαSamaiaN NSM · Σαμαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαμαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣεμεωνSemeonN NSM · Σεμεωνproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣεμεων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
32
Βενιαμιν Μαλουχ Σαμαρια
Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah.
Even terse continuation lines serve the register's documentary purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN NSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ clausal contributionΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαλουχMaloychN NSM · Μαλουχproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαλουχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣαμαριαSamariaN NSM · Σαμαριαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαμαρια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
33
καὶ ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ησαμ Μαθανι Μαθαθα Ζαβεδ Ελιφαλεθ Ιεραμι Μανασση Σεμεϊ
And from the sons of Hashum: Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei.
The list keeps advancing through the community without rhetorical ornament.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΗσαμEsamN GSM · Ησαμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΗσαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθανιMathaniN NSM · Μαθανιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθανι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθαθαMathathaN NSM · Μαθαθαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθαθα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΖαβεδZabedN NSM · Ζαβεδproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαβεδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕλιφαλεθEliphalethN NSM · Ελιφαλεθproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιφαλεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙεραμιIeramiN NSM · Ιεραμιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙεραμι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜανασσηManasseN NSM · Μανασσήproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ discourse linkage or contrastΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣεμεϊSemeiN NSM · Σεμεϊproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣεμεϊ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
34
ἀπὸ υἱῶν Βανι Μοοδι Αμραμ Ουηλ
From the sons of Bani: Maadai, Amram, and Uel,
The text continues parceling the offense into identifiable family lines.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΒανιBaniN GSM · Βανιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒανι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜοοδιMoodiN NSM · Μοοδιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜοοδι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΑμραμAmramN NSM · Αμραμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑμραμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΟυηλOyelN NSM · Ουηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΟυηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
35
Βαναια Βαδαια Χελια
Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluhi,
The compressed style reflects archival enumeration rather than polished narration.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΒαναιαBanaiaN NSM · Βαναιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒαναια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΒαδαιαBadaiaN NSM · Βαδαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒαδαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΧελιαCheliaN NSM · Χελιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΧελια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
36
Ουιεχωα Ιεραμωθ Ελιασιβ
Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,
The chapter preserves the names so that reform is remembered as concrete history.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΟυιεχωαOyiechoaN NSM · Ουιεχωαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΟυιεχωα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙεραμωθIeramothN NSM · Ιεραμωθproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙεραμωθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΕλιασιβEliasibN NSM · Ελιασιβproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕλιασιβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
37
Μαθανια Μαθαναι καὶ ἐποίησαν
Mattaniah, Mattenai; and so they did.
Even a terse line signals that the action was carried through among these households.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
ΜαθανιαMathaniaN NSM · Μαθανιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθανια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθαναιMathanaiN NSM · Μαθαναιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθαναι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdoVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
38
οἱ υἱοὶ Βανουι καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Σεμεϊ
The sons of Binnui and the sons of Shimei,
The register persists until no implicated cluster is left unnamed.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ΒανουιBanoyiN GSM · Βανουιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒανουι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ΣεμεϊSemeiN NSM · Σεμεϊproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣεμεϊ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
39
καὶ Σελεμια καὶ Ναθαν καὶ Αδαια
and Shelemiah and Nathan and Adaiah,
The documentary rhythm reinforces the totalizing scope of the reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣελεμιαSelemiaN NSM · Σελεμιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣελεμια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΝαθανNathanN NSM · Ναθανproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΝαθαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑδαιαAdaiaN NSM · Αδαιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑδαια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
40
Μαχναδαβου Σεσι Σαρου
Machnadbai, Shashai, Sharai,
The brevity of the verse does not diminish its function as accountable record.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ΜαχναδαβουMachnadaboyN NSM · Μαχναδαβουproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαχναδαβου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣεσιSesiN NSM · Σεσιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣεσι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣαρουSaroyN NSM · Σαρουproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
41
Εζερηλ καὶ Σελεμια καὶ Σαμαρια
Azarel and Shelemiah and Shemariah,
The long list refuses to let communal guilt dissolve into anonymity.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ΕζερηλEzerelN NSM · Εζερηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΕζερηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣελεμιαSelemiaN NSM · Σελεμιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣελεμια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαμαριαSamariaN NSM · Σαμαριαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαμαρια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
42
καὶ Σαλουμ Αμαρια Ιωσηφ
and Shallum, Amariah, Joseph.
The catalogue remains an instrument of memory and reform.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαλουμSaloymN NSM · Σαλουμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣαλουμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΑμαριαAmariaN NSM · Αμαριαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΑμαρια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙωσηφIosephN NSM · Ιωσηφproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωσηφ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
43
ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ναβου Ιιηλ Μαθαθια Σεδεμ Ζαμβινα Ιαδαι καὶ Ιωηλ καὶ Βαναια
From the sons of Nebo: Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, Joel, and Benaiah.
The final named family rounds out the chapter's household-by-household reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΝαβουNaboyN GSM · Ναβουproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΝαβου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙιηλIielN NSM · Ιιηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or register→ participant identificationΙιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΜαθαθιαMathathiaN NSM · Μαθαθιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΜαθαθια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΣεδεμSedemN NSM · Σεδεμproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΣεδεμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΖαμβιναZambinaN NSM · Ζαμβιναproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΖαμβινα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
ΙαδαιIadaiN NSM · Ιαδαιproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙαδαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωηλIoelN NSM · Ιωηλproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΙωηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒαναιαBanaiaN NSM · Βαναιαproper name within the post-exilic narrative or registerΒαναια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the post-exilic narrative or register.
44
πάντες οὗτοι ἐλάβοσαν γυναῖκας ἀλλοτρίας καὶ ἐγέννησαν ἐξ αὐτῶν υἱούς
All these had taken foreign women, and they fathered sons by them.
The final note reminds the reader that real families and children stood inside this painful act of repentance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πάντεςpasA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'pas'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
οὗτοιoytosRD NPM · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'oytos'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐλάβοσανlambanoVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'lambano'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
γυναῖκαςwoman / wifeN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀλλοτρίαςallotriosA1A APF · ἀλλότριοςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀλλότριος: meaning 'allotrios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγέννησανgennaoVAI AAI3P · γεννάωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristγεννάω: meaning 'gennao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἐξekP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'ek'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνaytosRD GPF · αὐτόςgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'aytos'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.