The Second Book of Maccabees, Chapter 14ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙΩΝ Β′ ΙΔ′

μετὰ δὲ τριετῆ χρόνον προσέπεσεν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ιουδαν Δημήτριον τὸν τοῦ Σελεύκου διὰ τοῦ κατὰ Τρίπολιν λιμένος εἰσπλεύσαντα μετὰ πλήθους ἰσχυροῦ καὶ στόλου

But after a period of three years it was reported to those around Judas that Demetrius, the son of Seleucus, had sailed into the harbor at Tripolis with a strong force and a fleet.

κεκρατηκέναι τῆς χώρας ἐπανελόμενον Ἀντίοχον καὶ τὸν τούτου ἐπίτροπον Λυσίαν

He had gained control of the country after removing Antiochus and his guardian Lysias.

Ἄλκιμος δέ τις προγεγονὼς ἀρχιερεύς ἑκουσίως δὲ μεμολυσμένος ἐν τοῖς τῆς ἀμειξίας χρόνοις συννοήσας ὅτι καθ' ὁντιναοῦν τρόπον οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ σωτηρία οὐδὲ πρὸς τὸ ἅγιον θυσιαστήριον ἔτι πρόσοδος

Now a certain Alcimus, who had formerly been high priest and had willingly defiled himself in the times of separation, realized that in no way was there safety for him, nor any longer access to the holy altar.

ἧκεν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Δημήτριον ὡς πρώτῳ καὶ πεντηκοστῷ καὶ ἑκατοστῷ ἔτει προσάγων αὐτῷ στέφανον χρυσοῦν καὶ φοίνικα πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τῶν νομιζομένων θαλλῶν τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ἡσυχίαν ἔσχεν

He came to King Demetrius in the one hundred fifty-first year, presenting him with a golden crown and a palm branch, and besides these some of the customary boughs of the temple; and on that day he kept quiet.

καιρὸν δὲ λαβὼν τῆς ἰδίας ἀνοίας συνεργὸν προσκληθεὶς εἰς συνέδριον ὑπὸ τοῦ Δημητρίου καὶ ἐπερωτηθείς ἐν τίνι διαθέσει καὶ βουλῇ καθέστηκαν οἱ Ιουδαῖοι πρὸς ταῦτα ἔφη

But finding an opportunity, with his own madness assisting him, when he had been summoned by Demetrius into council and asked in what disposition and purpose the Jews stood, he said as follows:

οἱ λεγόμενοι τῶν Ιουδαίων Ασιδαῖοι ὧν ἀφηγεῖται Ιουδας ὁ Μακκαβαῖος πολεμοτροφοῦσιν καὶ στασιάζουσιν οὐκ ἐῶντες τὴν βασιλείαν εὐσταθείας τυχεῖν

'Those among the Jews who are called Hasideans, whose leader is Judas Maccabeus, keep nourishing war and stirring up revolt, and they do not allow the kingdom to attain stability.

ὅθεν ἀφελόμενος τὴν προγονικὴν δόξαν λέγω δὴ τὴν ἀρχιερωσύνην δεῦρο νῦν ἐλήλυθα

Therefore, having been stripped of my ancestral dignity, I mean the high priesthood, I have now come here,

πρῶτον μὲν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνηκόντων τῷ βασιλεῖ γνησίως φρονῶν δεύτερον δὲ καὶ τῶν ἰδίων πολιτῶν στοχαζόμενος τῇ μὲν γὰρ τῶν προειρημένων ἀλογιστίᾳ τὸ σύμπαν ἡμῶν γένος οὐ μικρῶς ἀκληρεῖ

first, because I sincerely care for what belongs to the king, and second, because I also consider the interests of my own fellow citizens; for through the irrationality of the men just mentioned our whole nation is suffering no small misfortune.

ἕκαστα δὲ τούτων ἐπεγνωκὼς σύ βασιλεῦ καὶ τῆς χώρας καὶ τοῦ περιισταμένου γένους ἡμῶν προνοήθητι καθ' ἣν ἔχεις πρὸς ἅπαντας εὐαπάντητον φιλανθρωπίαν

Since you know each of these matters, O king, provide for the country and for our race, which is being hard pressed on every side, in accordance with the gracious humanity you show to all.

ἄχρι γὰρ Ιουδας περίεστιν ἀδύνατον εἰρήνης τυχεῖν τὰ πράγματα

For as long as Judas remains alive, it is impossible for affairs to obtain peace.'

τοιούτων δὲ ῥηθέντων ὑπὸ τούτου θᾶττον οἱ λοιποὶ φίλοι δυσμενῶς ἔχοντες τὰ πρὸς τὸν Ιουδαν προσεπύρωσαν τὸν Δημήτριον

When such things had been said by this man, the rest of the friends, who were ill-disposed toward Judas, quickly inflamed Demetrius still more.

προχειρισάμενος δὲ εὐθέως Νικάνορα τὸν γενόμενον ἐλεφαντάρχην καὶ στρατηγὸν ἀναδείξας τῆς Ιουδαίας ἐξαπέστειλεν

And he immediately selected Nicanor, the man who had become commander of the elephants, appointed him governor of Judea, and sent him out,

δοὺς ἐντολὰς αὐτὸν μὲν τὸν Ιουδαν ἐπανελέσθαι τοὺς δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ σκορπίσαι καταστῆσαι δὲ Ἄλκιμον ἀρχιερέα τοῦ μεγίστου ἱεροῦ

giving him orders to kill Judas himself, to scatter those with him, and to appoint Alcimus high priest of the greatest temple.

οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ιουδαίας πεφυγαδευκότες τὸν Ιουδαν ἔθνη συνέμισγον ἀγεληδὸν τῷ Νικάνορι τὰς τῶν Ιουδαίων ἀτυχίας καὶ συμφορὰς ἰδίας εὐημερίας δοκοῦντες ἔσεσθαι

Then the nations in Judea, who had been driven out by Judas, flocked to Nicanor in droves, thinking that the misfortunes and disasters of the Jews would prove to be their own prosperity.

ἀκούσαντες δὲ τὴν τοῦ Νικάνορος ἔφοδον καὶ τὴν ἐπίθεσιν τῶν ἐθνῶν καταπασάμενοι γῆν ἐλιτάνευον τὸν ἄχρι αἰῶνος συστήσαντα τὸν αὑτοῦ λαόν ἀεὶ δὲ μετ' ἐπιφανείας ἀντιλαμβανόμενον τῆς ἑαυτοῦ μερίδος

But when they heard of Nicanor's expedition and the attack of the nations, they sprinkled dust upon themselves and implored the one who had established his own people forever and who always, with manifestation, comes to the aid of his own portion.

προστάξαντος δὲ τοῦ ἡγουμένου ἐκεῖθεν εὐθέως ἀναζεύξας συμμίσγει αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ κώμην Δεσσαου

And when the leader gave the order, he broke camp from there at once and engaged them near the village of Dessau.

Σιμων δὲ ὁ ἀδελφὸς Ιουδου συμβεβληκὼς ἦν τῷ Νικάνορι βραδέως δὲ διὰ τὴν αἰφνίδιον τῶν ἀντιπάλων ἀφασίαν ἐπταικώς

Now Simon, the brother of Judas, had joined battle with Nicanor, but had suffered a slight setback because of the sudden alarm caused by the opponents.

ὅμως δὲ ἀκούων ὁ Νικάνωρ ἣν εἶχον οἱ περὶ τὸν Ιουδαν ἀνδραγαθίαν καὶ ἐν τοῖς περὶ τῆς πατρίδος ἀγῶσιν εὐψυχίαν ὑπευλαβεῖτο τὴν κρίσιν δι' αἱμάτων ποιήσασθαι

Nevertheless, when Nicanor heard of the valor possessed by those around Judas and of their courage in the struggles for their homeland, he was afraid to decide the issue by bloodshed.

διόπερ ἔπεμψεν Ποσιδώνιον καὶ Θεόδοτον καὶ Ματταθιαν δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν δεξιάς

Therefore he sent Posidonius and Theodotus and Mattathias to give and receive pledges of good faith.

πλείονος δὲ γενομένης περὶ τούτων ἐπισκέψεως καὶ τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῖς πλήθεσιν ἀνακοινωσαμένου καὶ φανείσης ὁμοψήφου γνώμης ἐπένευσαν ταῖς συνθήκαις

And after much consideration regarding these matters, when the leader had communicated it to the crowds and a unanimous judgment had appeared, they consented to the terms.

ἐτάξαντο δὲ ἡμέραν ἐν ᾗ κατ' ἰδίαν ἥξουσιν εἰς τὸ αὐτό καὶ προῆλθεν παρ' ἑκάστου δίφραξ ἔθεσαν δίφρους

And they appointed a day on which they would come together privately in the same place; and from each side a carriage came forward, and they set out seats.

διέταξεν Ιουδας ἐνόπλους ἑτοίμους ἐν τοῖς ἐπικαίροις τόποις μήποτε ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων αἰφνιδίως κακουργία γένηται τὴν ἁρμόζουσαν ἐποιήσαντο κοινολογίαν

Judas stationed armed men ready in strategic places, lest some sudden treachery arise from the enemies; and they held the conference appropriate to the occasion.

διέτριβεν ὁ Νικάνωρ ἐν Ιεροσολύμοις καὶ ἔπραττεν οὐθὲν ἄτοπον τοὺς δὲ συναχθέντας ἀγελαίους ὄχλους ἀπέλυσεν

Nicanor stayed in Jerusalem and did nothing out of place; and he dismissed the crowds that had been gathered in disorderly bands.

καὶ εἶχεν τὸν Ιουδαν διὰ παντὸς ἐν προσώπῳ ψυχικῶς τῷ ἀνδρὶ προσεκέκλιτο

And he kept Judas always in his presence and felt a genuine affection for the man.

παρεκάλεσεν αὐτὸν γῆμαι καὶ παιδοποιήσασθαι ἐγάμησεν εὐστάθησεν ἐκοινώνησεν βίου

He urged him to marry and have children. So he married, settled down, and shared ordinary life.

ὁ δὲ Ἄλκιμος συνιδὼν τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους εὔνοιαν καὶ τὰς γενομένας συνθήκας λαβὼν ἧκεν πρὸς τὸν Δημήτριον καὶ ἔλεγεν τὸν Νικάνορα ἀλλότρια φρονεῖν τῶν πραγμάτων τὸν γὰρ ἐπίβουλον τῆς βασιλείας Ιουδαν αὐτοῦ διάδοχον ἀναδεῖξαι

But Alcimus, seeing the goodwill they had toward one another and the agreements that had been made, took the terms and came to Demetrius and kept saying that Nicanor was disloyal to the state's interests, for he had appointed Judas, the enemy of the kingdom, as his successor.

ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἔκθυμος γενόμενος καὶ ταῖς τοῦ παμπονήρου διαβολαῖς ἐρεθισθεὶς ἔγραψεν Νικάνορι φάσκων ὑπὲρ μὲν τῶν συνθηκῶν βαρέως φέρειν κελεύων δὲ τὸν Μακκαβαῖον δέσμιον ἐξαποστέλλειν εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν ταχέως

Then the king, becoming enraged and provoked by the slanders of that utterly wicked man, wrote to Nicanor, saying that he was greatly displeased by the agreements and ordering him to send Maccabeus to Antioch in chains without delay.

προσπεσόντων δὲ τούτων τῷ Νικάνορι συνεκέχυτο καὶ δυσφόρως ἔφερεν εἰ τὰ διεσταλμένα ἀθετήσει μηδὲν τἀνδρὸς ἠδικηκότος

When these instructions reached Nicanor, he was thrown into confusion and took it badly that he should cancel the arrangements, since the man had done no wrong.

ἐπεὶ δὲ τῷ βασιλεῖ ἀντιπράττειν οὐκ ἦν εὔκαιρον ἐτήρει στρατηγήματι τοῦτ' ἐπιτελέσαι

But since it was not opportune to oppose the king, he kept watching for a chance to accomplish this by stratagem.

ὁ δὲ Μακκαβαῖος αὐστηρότερον διεξαγαγόντα συνιδὼν τὸν Νικάνορα τὰ πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ τὴν εἰθισμένην ἀπάντησιν ἀγροικότερον ἐσχηκότα νοήσας οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ βελτίστου τὴν αὐστηρίαν εἶναι συστρέψας οὐκ ὀλίγους τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν συνεκρύπτετο τὸν Νικάνορα

But Maccabeus, perceiving that Nicanor was behaving more harshly toward him and that he had assumed a rougher manner than was customary in their meetings, concluded that such severity was not for the best; and after gathering not a few of his men, he went into concealment from Nicanor.

συγγνοὺς δὲ ὁ ἕτερος ὅτι γενναίως ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐστρατήγηται παραγενόμενος ἐπὶ τὸ μέγιστον καὶ ἅγιον ἱερὸν τῶν ἱερέων τὰς καθηκούσας θυσίας προσαγόντων ἐκέλευσεν παραδιδόναι τὸν ἄνδρα

When the other realized that he had been skillfully outmaneuvered by the man, he came to the greatest and holy temple while the priests were offering the appointed sacrifices and ordered them to surrender the man.

τῶν δὲ μεθ' ὅρκων φασκόντων μὴ γινώσκειν ποῦ ποτ' ἔστιν ὁ ζητούμενος

But when they swore with oaths that they did not know where the man being sought was,

προτείνας τὴν δεξιὰν ἐπὶ τὸν νεὼ ταῦτ' ὤμοσεν ἐὰν μὴ δέσμιόν μοι τὸν Ιουδαν παραδῶτε τόνδε τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ σηκὸν εἰς πεδίον ποιήσω καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κατασκάψω καὶ ἱερὸν ἐνταῦθα τῷ Διονύσῳ ἐπιφανὲς ἀναστήσω

stretching out his right hand toward the sanctuary, he swore these things: 'If you do not hand Judas over to me as a prisoner, I will level this shrine of God to the ground, pull down the altar, and build here a conspicuous temple to Dionysus.'

τοσαῦτα δὲ εἰπὼν ἀπῆλθεν οἱ δὲ ἱερεῖς προτείναντες τὰς χεῖρας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐπεκαλοῦντο τὸν διὰ παντὸς ὑπέρμαχον τοῦ ἔθνους ἡμῶν ταῦτα λέγοντες

And after saying these things he departed. Then the priests, stretching out their hands toward heaven, called upon the perpetual champion of our nation, saying these words:

σὺ κύριε τῶν ὅλων ἀπροσδεὴς ὑπάρχων ηὐδόκησας ναὸν τῆς σῆς σκηνώσεως ἐν ἡμῖν γενέσθαι

'You, O Lord of all, though needing nothing, were pleased that a temple for your dwelling should come to be among us.

καὶ νῦν ἅγιε παντὸς ἁγιασμοῦ κύριε διατήρησον εἰς αἰῶνα ἀμίαντον τόνδε τὸν προσφάτως κεκαθαρισμένον οἶκον

And now, holy Lord of all holiness, preserve forever undefiled this house, which has so recently been cleansed.'

Ραζις δέ τις τῶν ἀπὸ Ιεροσολύμων πρεσβυτέρων ἐμηνύθη τῷ Νικάνορι ἀνὴρ φιλοπολίτης καὶ σφόδρα καλῶς ἀκούων καὶ κατὰ τὴν εὔνοιαν πατὴρ τῶν Ιουδαίων προσαγορευόμενος

Now a certain Razis, one of the elders from Jerusalem, was denounced to Nicanor, a man who loved his city, who was very highly spoken of, and who because of his goodwill was called father of the Jews.

ἦν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις τῆς ἀμειξίας κρίσιν εἰσενηνεγμένος Ιουδαϊσμοῦ καὶ σῶμα καὶ ψυχὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ιουδαϊσμοῦ παραβεβλημένος μετὰ πάσης ἐκτενίας

For in former times, in the period of separation, he had been accused on behalf of Judaism and had risked both body and soul for Judaism with all earnestness.

βουλόμενος δὲ Νικάνωρ πρόδηλον ποιῆσαι ἣν εἶχεν πρὸς τοὺς Ιουδαίους δυσμένειαν ἀπέστειλεν στρατιώτας ὑπὲρ τοὺς πεντακοσίους συλλαβεῖν αὐτόν

Now Nicanor, wishing to make clear the hostility that he had toward the Jews, sent more than five hundred soldiers to arrest him.

ἔδοξεν γὰρ ἐκεῖνον συλλαβὼν τούτοις ἐνεργάσασθαι συμφοράν

For he thought that by arresting that man he would inflict disaster on them.

τῶν δὲ πληθῶν μελλόντων τὸν πύργον καταλαβέσθαι καὶ τὴν αὐλαίαν θύραν βιαζομένων καὶ κελευόντων πῦρ προσάγειν καὶ τὰς θύρας ὑφάπτειν περικατάλημπτος γενόμενος ὑπέθηκεν ἑαυτῷ τὸ ξίφος

But when the crowds were about to capture the tower and were forcing the courtyard gate and ordering fire to be brought to burn the doors, being completely surrounded, he fell upon his sword,

εὐγενῶς θέλων ἀποθανεῖν ἤπερ τοῖς ἀλιτηρίοις ὑποχείριος γενέσθαι καὶ τῆς ἰδίας εὐγενείας ἀναξίως ὑβρισθῆναι

wanting to die nobly rather than become subject to criminals and be insulted in a manner unworthy of his own nobility.

τῇ δὲ πληγῇ μὴ κατευθικτήσας διὰ τὴν τοῦ ἀγῶνος σπουδὴν καὶ τῶν ὄχλων ἔσω τῶν θυρωμάτων εἰσβαλλόντων ἀναδραμὼν γενναίως ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος κατεκρήμνισεν ἑαυτὸν ἀνδρωδῶς εἰς τοὺς ὄχλους

But since he did not strike himself accurately because of the rush of the struggle and because the crowds were bursting in through the doorways, he ran up bravely onto the wall and threw himself manfully down into the crowds.

τῶν δὲ ταχέως ἀναποδισάντων γενομένου διαστήματος ἦλθεν κατὰ μέσον τὸν κενεῶνα

But as they quickly drew back and a space opened up, he fell into the empty place.

ἔτι δὲ ἔμπνους ὑπάρχων καὶ πεπυρωμένος τοῖς θυμοῖς ἐξαναστὰς φερομένων κρουνηδὸν τῶν αἱμάτων καὶ δυσχερῶν τῶν τραυμάτων ὄντων δρόμῳ τοὺς ὄχλους διελθὼν καὶ στὰς ἐπί τινος πέτρας ἀπορρῶγος

Yet while he was still alive and blazing in spirit, though his blood was pouring out in streams and his wounds were severe, he rose and, running through the crowds, stood upon a steep rock.

παντελῶς ἔξαιμος ἤδη γινόμενος προβαλὼν τὰ ἔντερα καὶ λαβὼν ἑκατέραις ταῖς χερσὶν ἐνέσεισε τοῖς ὄχλοις καὶ ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὸν δεσπόζοντα τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος ταῦτα αὐτῷ πάλιν ἀποδοῦναι τόνδε τὸν τρόπον μετήλλαξεν

And now, when he was already completely drained of blood, he tore out his entrails and taking them in both hands hurled them at the crowds, calling upon the master of life and spirit to give these back to him again; and in this way he died.