καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενset / appointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give / set / appoint'; renders נָתַן; 'gave/set Benaiah over the army' = appointed him commander-in-chief in Joab's place.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon making appointments.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (governing genitive-form name Βαναιου)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαναιουBenaiahAccusativedirect object (frozen genitive form, acc. via article)→ object specificationΒαναιας: frozen genitive-form Βαναιου marked accusative by τόν; the loyal commander now elevated over the whole army.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Βαναιου→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; patronymic 'son of Jehoiada.'
Ιωδαεof Jehoiadagenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙωδαε: indeclinable; Benaiah's father.
ἀντ᾿in place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'instead of / in place of'; Benaiah replaces the executed Joab.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (Joab)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (Joab).
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (oversight)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'over'; appointed 'over the army.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγίανcommand / army-commandAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationστρατηγία: 'generalship / military command'; the office of commander-in-chief, now Benaiah's.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαkingdomNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεία: 'kingdom'; Solomon's rule, now stabilized through the purges.
κατωρθοῦτοwas set in order / prosperedImpf Pass Indic 3 Sg · κατορθόωmain verb (imperfect passive)→ imperfect (progressive establishment)κατορθόω: 'set straight / make prosper / establish'; the imperfect passive 'was being established/set in order' echoes the establishment-refrain of v. 12 (anticipating κατωρθώθη at v. 46).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemdative of place (indeclinable, with ἐν)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the capital, seat of the established kingdom.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (governing indeclinable Σαδωκ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαδωκZadokdirect object (fronted; indeclinable, case via article)→ participant identificationΣαδωκ: transliteration of צָדוֹק (Zadok); indeclinable; the priest loyal to Solomon (1:8, 39), now installed as chief priest — founder of the Zadokite line.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἱερέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέαpriestAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Σαδωκ→ object specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; Zadok's office.
ἔδωκενappointedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give / appoint'; 'appointed Zadok as first priest' — the second key appointment.
ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; Solomon.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (predicate goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: 'as'; 'appointed as first priest' (predicate use, Hebraism).
ἱερέαpriestAccusativeaccusative (predicate goal with εἰς)→ object specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; the office to which Zadok is raised.
πρῶτονfirst / chiefAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἱερέα)→ object specificationπρῶτος: 'first / foremost / chief'; 'first priest' = high priest; Zadok becomes head of the priesthood.
ἀντὶin place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'instead of'; Zadok replaces the deposed Abiathar.
ΑβιαθαρAbiathargenitive object of ἀντί (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑβιαθαρ: indeclinable; the deposed priest (vv. 26–27), replaced by Zadok.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35a)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; YHWH 'gave Solomon understanding' — the wisdom-gift theme that the MT develops at 1 Kings 3 and 5.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine giver of Solomon's wisdom.
φρόνησινunderstanding / prudenceAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationφρόνησις: 'understanding / prudence / discernment'; renders חָכְמָה / תְּבוּנָה; the practical wisdom granted Solomon (cf. 1 Kings 3:12).
τῷtoDativearticle (governing indeclinable Σαλωμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative indirect object (indeclinable, case via article)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; recipient of the wisdom-gift.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σοφίανwisdomAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationσοφία: 'wisdom / skill'; renders חָכְמָה; paired with φρόνησις, the comprehensive God-given wisdom of Solomon.
πολλὴνmuch / greatAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σοφίαν)→ object specificationπολύς: 'much / great'; 'very great wisdom.'
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'exceedingly'; renders מְאֹד; intensifies 'great wisdom.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλάτοςbreadthAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationπλάτος: 'breadth / width'; 'breadth of heart' (רֹחַב לֵב) = largeness of mind, vast comprehension (cf. 1 Kings 5:9 LXX).
καρδίαςof heartGenitivegenitive of relationship (with πλάτος)→ relational specificationκαρδία: 'heart / mind'; renders לֵב; 'breadth of heart' = expansive understanding.
ὡςlike / ascomparative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'like / as'; introduces the simile 'like the sand by the sea.'
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμμοςsandNominativesubject of the simile (with ellipsis of verb)→ participant prominenceἄμμος: 'sand'; renders חוֹל; 'as the sand by the sea' is a proverbial image of immeasurable abundance (cf. Gen 22:17).
ἡthe (one)Nominativearticle (attributive, 'the [sand] by the sea')→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰby / besidepreposition + accusative (position)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + accusative: 'beside / along'; 'the sand beside the sea.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object of παρά→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; the seashore whose sand images Solomon's boundless wisdom.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35b)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπληθύνθηincreased / was multipliedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · πληθύνωmain verb (passive)→ constative aorist (the increase)πληθύνω: 'multiply / increase'; renders רָבָה; Solomon's understanding 'was multiplied' beyond all rivals (cf. 1 Kings 5:10 LXX).
ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φρόνησιςunderstandingNominativesubject of ἐπληθύνθη→ participant prominenceφρόνησις: 'understanding / prudence'; Solomon's discernment, here surpassing all.
Σαλωμωνof Solomongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; here genitive 'of Solomon.'
σφόδραexceedinglyadverb of degree→ clausal contributionσφόδρα: 'exceedingly'; intensifies the increase of wisdom.
ὑπὲρbeyond / more thanpreposition + accusative (comparison)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + accusative: 'beyond / more than'; Solomon's wisdom surpasses all others.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φρόνησινunderstandingAccusativeaccusative of comparison (with ὑπέρ)→ object specificationφρόνησις: 'understanding'; the wisdom of others, surpassed by Solomon's.
πάντωνallGenitivegenitive attributive (modifying υἱῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the ancients.'
ἀρχαίωνancients / men of oldGenitivegenitive attributive (with υἱῶν)→ relational specificationἀρχαῖος: 'ancient / of old'; 'the ancient ones / men of old' — the legendary sages whose wisdom Solomon exceeds.
υἱῶνsons / menGenitivegenitive of comparison ('of the ancient sons/men')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; 'sons of the ancients' = the men of old (Hebraism, בְּנֵי קֶדֶם, cf. 1 Kings 5:10), renowned for wisdom.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπὲρbeyond / more thanpreposition + accusative (comparison)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + accusative: 'beyond'; second comparison — the wise of Egypt.
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying φρονίμους)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; 'all the wise of Egypt.'
φρονίμουςwise / prudent menAccusativeaccusative of comparison (substantival adjective)→ object specificationφρόνιμος: 'prudent / wise / sensible'; the wise men of Egypt, proverbial for learning, surpassed by Solomon (cf. 1 Kings 5:10).
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of relationship (with φρονίμους)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; renders מִצְרַיִם; Egypt's sages, the benchmark of ancient wisdom, are eclipsed by Solomon.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35c)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: 'take'; 'took the daughter of Pharaoh' (in marriage) — the diplomatic alliance recorded at 1 Kings 3:1.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέραdaughterAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; renders בַּת; Pharaoh's daughter, Solomon's Egyptian bride, sealing a royal alliance.
Φαραωof Pharaohgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαραω: indeclinable; the Egyptian king, Solomon's father-in-law.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσάγωmain verb→ constative aoristεἰσάγω: 'bring in / lead in'; Solomon brought his bride into the city of David until his building projects were complete (1 Kings 3:1).
αὐτὴνherAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativeaccusative of direction (with εἰς)→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; 'the city of David' (Zion), the royal quarter.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; 'city of David.'
ἕωςuntilconjunction (temporal, with infinitive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; with the infinitive συντελέσαι forms a temporal clause 'until he finished.'
συντελέσαιto finish / completeAor Act Inf · συντελέωinfinitive (temporal, with ἕως and acc. subject αὐτόν)→ completive aorist infinitiveσυντελέω: 'finish / complete / accomplish'; renders כָּלָה; 'until he completed' his building works.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive συντελέσαι→ participant referenceαὐτός: accusative subject of the infinitive ('until he finished').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / palaceAccusativedirect object of συντελέσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; here Solomon's own palace (cf. 1 Kings 7:1).
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativedirect object of συντελέσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; 'the house of the LORD' = the temple (1 Kings 6).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; 'the house of the LORD' = the temple.
ἐνamong / firstpreposition + dative (priority idiom)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: in ἐν πρώτοις ('first of all / among the first'), an idiom of priority.
πρώτοιςfirst / first of allDativesubstantival adjective (with ἐν: 'first of all')→ sphere or referenceπρῶτος: 'first'; ἐν πρώτοις ('among the first / first of all') marks the temple as a priority project.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεῖχοςwallAccusativedirect object of συντελέσαι→ object specificationτεῖχος: 'wall / city-wall'; renders חוֹמָה; the wall of Jerusalem, another major Solomonic project (1 Kings 3:1; 9:15).
Ιερουσαλημof Jerusalemgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; 'the wall of Jerusalem.'
κυκλόθενround aboutadverb of place→ clausal contributionκυκλόθεν: 'round about / all around'; renders סָבִיב; the wall encircled the city.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal extent)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal extent).
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (with ἔτεσιν)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the temple took seven years to build (1 Kings 6:38).
ἔτεσινyearsDativedative of time (within which)→ sphere or referenceἔτος: 'year'; 'in seven years' — the construction period.
ἐποίησενhe made / builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make / do / build'; Solomon 'made/built it' (the temple/wall) in seven years.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσενcompleted / finishedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωmain verb→ constative aoristσυντελέω: 'complete / finish'; pairs with ἐποίησεν to stress the full accomplishment of the works.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35d)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνthere was / he hadImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existence/possession)→ imperfect (state of having)εἰμί: 'be'; with the dative τῷ Σαλωμων expresses possession ('Solomon had'); introduces the corvée-labor census.
τῷto / forDativearticle (dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative of possession (indeclinable, case via article)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; 'Solomon had' the laborers.
ἑβδομήκονταseventynumeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; 'seventy thousand' burden-bearers (cf. 1 Kings 5:15).
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativesubject (with numeral ἑβδομήκοντα)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'seventy thousand' of the labor force.
αἴροντεςbearing / carryingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · αἴρωattributive participle (modifying χιλιάδες)→ customary present (their ongoing labor)αἴρω: 'lift / carry'; 'bearing a burden' = burden-bearers, the corvée porters (1 Kings 5:15; cf. נֹשֵׂא סַבָּל).
ἄρσινburden / loadAccusativedirect object of αἴροντες (cognate)→ object specificationἄρσις: 'a lifting / burden / load'; cognate with αἴρω; 'bearing a burden' describes the porters' corvée toil.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀγδοήκονταeightynumeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'; 'eighty thousand' quarrymen (1 Kings 5:15).
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativesubject (with numeral ὀγδοήκοντα)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; the eighty thousand stonecutters.
λατόμωνof stonecutters / quarrymenGenitivegenitive of content (with χιλιάδες)→ relational specificationλατόμος: 'stonecutter / quarryman'; renders חֹצֵב; those who hewed stone in the hill-country for the temple.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειmountain / hill-countryDativedative of place (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceὄρος: 'mountain / hill-country'; renders הַר; the quarrymen worked 'in the mountain' (the highlands).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35e)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'make'; introduces the list of bronze temple-furnishings Solomon made (1 Kings 7).
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the temple-builder.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανsea / basinAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; here the great bronze basin called 'the (molten) Sea' in the temple court (1 Kings 7:23).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑποστηρίγματαsupports / standsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationὑποστήριγμα: 'support / prop / stand'; the bronze stands/bases supporting the lavers (1 Kings 7:27).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λουτῆραςlavers / basinsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationλουτήρ: 'laver / wash-basin'; the bronze lavers for ritual washing (1 Kings 7:38).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλουςgreat / largeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying λουτῆρας)→ object specificationμέγας: 'great / large'; 'the great lavers' — the large washing-basins.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλουςpillars / columnsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationστῦλος: 'pillar / column'; the two great bronze pillars Jachin and Boaz at the temple porch (1 Kings 7:15–22).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρήνηνfountain / basinAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationκρήνη: 'fountain / spring / basin'; the water-feature of the temple court.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourt / courtyardGenitivegenitive of relationship (with κρήνην)→ relational specificationαὐλή: 'court / courtyard'; renders חָצֵר; 'the fountain of the court' — a court-installation of the temple complex.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανsea / basinAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; the 'bronze Sea' — restating/specifying the great basin as cast in bronze.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χαλκῆνbronze / of bronzeAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θάλασσαν)→ object specificationχαλκοῦς: 'made of bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; 'the bronze Sea' (1 Kings 7:23–26), the great cast-metal basin.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35f)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; renders בָּנָה; Solomon built the Akra/Millo, the fortified citadel of Jerusalem (cf. 1 Kings 9:15, 24).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρανcitadel / Akra (Millo)Accusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationἄκρα: 'citadel / fortified height / acropolis'; the LXX's rendering of the Millo (הַמִּלּוֹא), the fortification of the city of David (1 Kings 9:15, 24; 11:27).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπάλξειςbattlements / rampartsAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationἔπαλξις: 'battlement / rampart / parapet'; the defensive crenellations of the citadel.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (of the Akra)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (of the Akra).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέκοψενbreached / broke throughAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διακόπτωmain verb→ constative aoristδιακόπτω: 'cut through / breach'; Solomon 'breached' (made a gap/passage in) the city of David — restructuring its fortifications (cf. the Millo closing the breach, 1 Kings 11:27).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of διέκοψεν→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; 'the city of David' (Zion), whose wall Solomon breached/restructured.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; 'city of David.'
οὕτωςthus / soadverb of manner (connective)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: 'thus'; links the building to the queen's relocation that follows.
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativesubject→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; Pharaoh's daughter, who moved from the city of David to her own house (cf. 1 Kings 9:24).
Φαραωof Pharaohgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαραω: indeclinable; the king of Egypt, the queen's father.
ἀνέβαινενwent upImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb→ imperfect (the move described as a process)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; renders עָלָה; the queen 'went up' from the old city quarter to her newly built residence.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationπόλις: 'city'; 'the city of David,' her former residence.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; 'city of David.'
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative of direction (with εἰς)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the queen's own residence built by Solomon (1 Kings 7:8; 9:24).
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, acc. masc. sg., referring to οἶκον.
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the house Solomon built for his Egyptian wife.
αὐτῇfor herDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'for her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
τότεthentemporal adverb→ adverbial qualificationτότε: 'then / at that time'; marks the sequence — only afterward did he build the Akra.
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; restates the building of the Akra in temporal sequence with the queen's relocation.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρανcitadel / Akra (Millo)Accusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationἄκρα: 'citadel'; the Millo, built 'then' — the LXX correlates its construction with the queen's move out of the old city (cf. 1 Kings 9:24; 11:27).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35g)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; the king as offerer of sacrifice.
ἀνέφερενoffered upImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναφέρωmain verb→ customary imperfect (regular thrice-yearly offering)ἀναφέρω: 'offer up / bring up'; renders הֶעֱלָה; the imperfect denotes Solomon's customary thrice-yearly sacrifices (cf. 1 Kings 9:25).
τρεῖςthree (times)numeral (adverbial: 'three times')→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; 'three times in the year' — the three pilgrimage feasts (cf. Exod 23:14; 1 Kings 9:25).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτῷyearDativedative of time (within which)→ sphere or referenceἐνιαυτός: 'year'; 'in the year' = annually; the offerings recurred three times each year.
ὁλοκαυτώσειςwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of ἀνέφερεν→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering / holocaust'; renders עֹלָה; sacrifices wholly consumed on the altar.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρηνικὰςpeace offeringsAccusativedirect object of ἀνέφερεν (substantival adjective)→ object specificationεἰρηνικός: 'pertaining to peace'; substantival 'peace offerings' (θυσίαι εἰρηνικαί), rendering שְׁלָמִים; fellowship sacrifices shared by worshippers.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (location).
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυσιαστήριον: 'altar'; the temple altar of burnt offering Solomon built.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ᾠκοδόμησεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, acc. neut. sg., referring to θυσιαστήριον.
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the altar Solomon built for the LORD.
τῷto theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (the altar built 'to/for the LORD')→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the altar dedicated to YHWH.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμίαburned incenseImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · θυμιάωmain verb→ customary imperfectθυμιάω: 'burn incense / offer incense'; renders הִקְטִיר; Solomon's customary incense-offering before YHWH (cf. 1 Kings 9:25).
ἐνώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (Hebraism: 'in the presence of')→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; 'before the LORD' = in the temple presence.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσενfinished / completedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντελέωmain verb→ constative aoristσυντελέω: 'complete / finish'; 'he finished the house' = brought the temple to completion (cf. 1 Kings 6:38; 9:25).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativedirect object of συνετέλεσεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; the temple, now completed.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35h)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'these'; 'these are the officials' — introduces the roster of work-overseers (cf. 1 Kings 5:16; 9:23).
οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςofficials / chiefsNominativepredicate nominative (with οὗτοι)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / official / chief'; renders שַׂר; the supervisors over Solomon's building works.
οἱthe (ones)Nominativearticle (with attributive participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθεσταμένοιappointed / setPerf Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · καθίστημιattributive participle (modifying ἄρχοντες)→ resultative perfect (standing appointment)καθίστημι: 'appoint / set in charge'; the perfect passive participle 'those appointed over the works' designates the standing corps of overseers.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (oversight)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'over'; appointed 'over the works.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworks / projectsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor / project'; renders מְלָאכָה; Solomon's building enterprises.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (governing indeclinable Σαλωμων)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Σαλωμωνof Solomongenitive of relationship (indeclinable, case via article)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; 'the works of Solomon.'
τρεῖςthreenumeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; part of the tally 'three thousand six hundred.'
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate (number of overseers)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'three thousand' (with six hundred) overseers (cf. 1 Kings 5:16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες, total 3,600)→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; completing the figure '3,600 overseers' (the LXX total; cf. MT variants).
ἐπιστάταιoverseers / foremenNominativenominative in apposition (the 3,600 = overseers)→ participant prominenceἐπιστάτης: 'overseer / superintendent / taskmaster'; renders נֹצֵחַ / נִצָּב; foremen directing the corvée.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive (overseers 'of the people')→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; the laboring populace under the overseers' charge.
τῶνthe (ones)Genitivearticle (with substantival participle)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιούντωνdoing / who doPres Act Part Gen Masc Pl · ποιέωsubstantival participle (genitive, 'those doing the works')→ customary presentποιέω: 'do / perform'; 'those performing the works' = the laborers themselves.
τὰtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksAccusativedirect object of ποιούντων→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; the labor performed on Solomon's projects.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35i)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; introduces Solomon's store-cities and fortifications (cf. 1 Kings 9:15–19).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (governing indeclinable place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσσουρAsshur / Hazordirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: indeclinable place-name; here a Solomonic fortress-city (likely corresponding to Hazor, חָצוֹר, in the MT list of 1 Kings 9:15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (governing indeclinable place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαγδωMagdo / Megiddodirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΜαγδω: indeclinable; Megiddo (מְגִדּוֹ), a fortified store-city Solomon rebuilt (1 Kings 9:15).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (governing indeclinable place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαζερGazer / Gezerdirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΓαζερ: indeclinable; Gezer (גֶּזֶר), given to Solomon as Pharaoh's daughter's dowry and rebuilt (1 Kings 9:16–17).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (governing indeclinable place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαιθωρωνBeth-horondirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒαιθωρων: indeclinable; Beth-horon (בֵּית חֹרוֹן), a strategic pass-town Solomon fortified (1 Kings 9:17).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπάνωupperadverb used attributively ('the upper')→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upper'; 'Upper Beth-horon' (the elevation; cf. עֶלְיוֹן), distinguishing it from Lower Beth-horon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (governing indeclinable place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλαθBaalathdirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒααλαθ: indeclinable; Baalath (בַּעֲלָת), another store-city Solomon built (1 Kings 9:18).
πλὴνhowever / onlyadversative/restrictive particle (begins miscellany 35k)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'however / only / but'; introduces a chronological clarification — the cities were built after the temple and wall.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal, with articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + accusative: 'after'; with the articular infinitive 'after his building.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (governing articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκοδομῆσαιto build / buildingAor Act Inf · οἰκοδομέωarticular infinitive (temporal, with μετά and acc. subject αὐτόν)→ verbal action or stateοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; the articular infinitive μετὰ τὸ οἰκοδομῆσαι ('after building') sets the temporal sequence.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive οἰκοδομῆσαι→ participant referenceαὐτός: accusative subject of the infinitive ('after he built').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / templeAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομῆσαι→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; 'the house of the LORD' = the temple, built first.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; 'the house of the LORD.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεῖχοςwallAccusativedirect object of οἰκοδομῆσαι→ object specificationτεῖχος: 'wall'; the wall of Jerusalem, built before the store-cities.
Ιερουσαλημof Jerusalemgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; 'the wall of Jerusalem.'
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative (of place: 'all around')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: 'circle'; the dative κύκλῳ ('round about') functions adverbially, rendering סָבִיב.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + accusative: 'after'; μετὰ ταῦτα ('after these things') marks sequence.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these'; μετὰ ταῦτα ('afterward') — the cities came later.
ᾠκοδόμησενhe builtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb→ constative aoristοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; 'afterward he built these cities' — clarifying construction order.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησεν→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; the store-cities and fortresses listed in 35i.
ταύταςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying πόλεις)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these'; the cities just named.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35l)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνin / whilepreposition + dative (temporal, with articular infinitive)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: with the articular infinitive 'while David was yet living' (Hebraism, בְּ + infinitive).
τῷtheDativearticle (governing articular infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτιstill / yetadverb (with the infinitive ζῆν)→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet'; 'while David was still living' — dating this charge to David's lifetime (a doublet of vv. 8–9).
ΔαυιδDavidaccusative subject of the infinitive ζῆν (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable; subject of the temporal infinitive.
ζῆνto live / livingPres Act Inf · ζάωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'while David was living')→ present infinitive (the act of living)ζάω: 'live'; ἐν τῷ ἔτι ... ζῆν ('while [David] was still living') is a Hebraizing temporal construction.
ἐνετείλατοhe chargedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb→ constative aoristἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; the same verb as v. 1; David's charge to Solomon, here a doublet of the Shimei-charge of vv. 8–9.
τῷtoDativearticle (governing indeclinable Σαλωμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative indirect object (indeclinable, case via article)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; recipient of the charge.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing)→ durative present participle (Hebraizing speech-marker)λέγω: λέγων introducing the quoted charge, calquing לֵאמֹר.
ἰδοὺbeholdAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · ὁράω (frozen interjection)presentative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold'; renders הִנֵּה; presents Shimei as in v. 8.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + genitive: 'with'; 'with you (is) Shimei.'
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
ΣεμεϊShimeisubject of verbless clause (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣεμεϊ: indeclinable; the Benjamite (cf. v. 8); this is a doublet of David's earlier charge.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Σεμεϊ→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic 'son of Gera.'
Γηραof Geragenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓηρα: indeclinable; Shimei's father.
υἱὸςson / memberNominativenominative in apposition (gentilic phrase)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; here 'son of the seed of the Benjamite' — a fuller gentilic than v. 8 (where 'son of the Yemini').
σπέρματοςseed / lineageGenitivegenitive of relationship (with υἱός)→ relational specificationσπέρμα: 'seed / offspring / lineage'; 'son of the seed of the Benjamite' = of Benjaminite descent.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (governing indeclinable Ιεμινι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεμινιBenjamite / Yeminigenitive of relationship (indeclinable gentilic, case via article)→ participant identificationΙεμινι: indeclinable; 'the Benjamite' (הַיְמִינִי); Shimei's tribal origin (cf. v. 8).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (origin)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (origin).
ΧεβρωνHebrongenitive of place (indeclinable, with ἐκ)→ participant identificationΧεβρων: indeclinable; here Shimei's town is given as Hebron — a variant from v. 8, where Bahurim (Βαουριμ) is named; a notable divergence within the LXX doublet.
οὗτοςthis one / heNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject; begins miscellany 35m)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this one'; 'he cursed me' — resuming the indictment of Shimei (cf. αὐτός, v. 8).
κατηράσατόcursedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταράομαιmain verb (with cognate accusative κατάραν)→ constative aoristκαταράομαι: 'curse'; with the cognate κατάραν, the Hebraism 'cursed a curse' (cf. v. 8).
μεmeAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
κατάρανa curseAccusativecognate accusative (with κατηράσατο)→ object specificationκατάρα: 'curse'; cognate accusative intensifying the cursing (cf. v. 8).
ὀδυνηρὰνgrievous / painfulAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying κατάραν)→ object specificationὀδυνηρός: 'grievous / painful'; renders נִמְרֶצֶת; the bitter curse (cf. v. 8).
ἐνin / onpreposition + dative (temporal, with relative ᾗ)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: 'on'; ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ('on which day') — here the temporal phrase uses ἐν (contrast the plain dative τῇ ἡμέρᾳ at v. 8).
ᾗwhichDativerelative pronoun (dative of time, with ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς: relative pronoun, dat. fem. sg.; 'on which (day).'
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the day of David's flight, when Shimei cursed him.
ἐπορευόμηνI was goingImpf Mid Indic 1 Sg · πορεύομαιverb of relative clause→ imperfect (the journey in progress)πορεύομαι: 'go'; David's flight 'to the camps' (cf. v. 8).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
παρεμβολάςcamps / encampmentsAccusativeaccusative of direction (with εἰς)→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp'; 'to the camps' (Mahanaim), as v. 8.
καὶand / butnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35n)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)→ participant referenceαὐτός: emphatic 'he himself'; Shimei coming down in submission.
κατέβαινενcame downImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb→ imperfect (the descent, here imperfective; cf. aorist κατέβη at v. 8)καταβαίνω: 'come down'; the imperfect κατέβαινεν here (vs. aorist κατέβη at v. 8) is a stylistic variant within the LXX doublet — Shimei descended to the Jordan to meet David.
εἰςto / forpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: with ἀπαντήν, 'to meet.'
ἀπαντήνa meetingAccusativeaccusative (with εἰς: 'to meet me')→ object specificationἀπάντησις/ἀπαντή: 'meeting'; εἰς ἀπαντήν ('to meet'), Hebraism לִקְרַאת.
μοιmeDativedative (object of the meeting-idiom; cf. genitive μου at v. 8)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ: here dative μοι (vs. genitive μου at v. 8) — a minor variant in the doublet.
ἐπὶat / topreposition + accusative (place toward; cf. εἰς at v. 8)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: 'to / at'; here ἐπὶ τὸν Ιορδάνην (vs. εἰς at v. 8), a variant within the doublet.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηνJordanAccusativeaccusative of place (with ἐπί)→ object specificationΙορδάνης: 'Jordan'; declined (acc. -ην); the river where Shimei met David.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤμοσαI sworeAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὄμνυμιmain verb→ constative aoristὄμνυμι: 'swear'; David's oath of clemency to Shimei (cf. v. 8).
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
κατὰbypreposition + genitive (oath-formula; cf. ἐν at v. 8)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + genitive: in oaths 'by'; here 'by the LORD' (κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου), where v. 8 has ἐν κυρίῳ — a variant oath-construction in the doublet.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive (object of κατά: oath sworn by YHWH)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the oath sworn by YHWH.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing)→ durative present participle (Hebraizing speech-marker)λέγω: λέγων introducing the oath's content.
εἰ[surely not]conditional particle (Hebraic oath-formula = emphatic negation)→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: in an oath, renders Hebrew אִם as an emphatic negative ('I will surely not…'); cf. v. 8.
θανατωθήσεταιhe shall be put to deathFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · θανατόωverb of oath-clause (3rd person; cf. 1st sg. θανατώσω at v. 8)→ future (within the Hebraic oath-negation)θανατόω: 'put to death'; here the passive 3rd-person θανατωθήσεται ('he shall be killed'), where v. 8 has the active 1st-person θανατώσω σε — a variant within the doublet, both negated by the εἰ-oath.
ἐνby / withpreposition + dative (instrument)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrument).
ῥομφαίᾳswordDativedative of instrument→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: 'sword'; the means of death David swore to forgo (cf. v. 8).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (begins miscellany 35o)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (discourse transition)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; καὶ νῦν transitions to the verdict (cf. v. 9).
μὴnotnegative particle (prohibitive; cf. οὐ μή at v. 9)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: prohibitive with the aorist subjunctive; here simple μή (vs. emphatic οὐ μή at v. 9).
ἀθῳώσῃςhold guiltlessAor Act Subj 2 Sg · ἀθῳόωprohibitive subjunctive (μή + aor. subj.)→ prohibitive aorist subjunctiveἀθῳόω: 'hold guiltless / acquit'; renders נִקָּה; Solomon is charged not to leave Shimei unpunished (cf. v. 9).
αὐτόνhimAccusativedirect object→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; grounds the charge in Solomon's prudence.
ἀνὴρa manNominativepredicate nominative ('a prudent man')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; 'you are a prudent man' (cf. ἀνὴρ σοφός at v. 9).
φρόνιμοςprudent / wiseNominativepredicate adjective (modifying ἀνήρ)→ participant prominenceφρόνιμος: 'prudent / sensible / wise'; here (vs. σοφός at v. 9) — a synonym-variant within the doublet; Solomon's discernment qualifies him to act.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun; copula 'are' elided)→ participant referenceσύ: emphatic 'you (are) a prudent man' (the copula εἶ of v. 9 is here omitted).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσῃyou will knowFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (predictive future)→ predictive futureγινώσκω: 'know'; 'you will know what to do' (cf. v. 9).
ἃwhatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ποιήσεις)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, neut. pl.; 'the things which you should do.'
ποιήσειςyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ predictive/deliberative futureποιέω: 'do'; what Solomon will do to Shimei (cf. v. 9).
αὐτῷto himDativedative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάξειςyou shall bring downFut Act Indic 2 Sg · κατάγωmain verb (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (death-charge)κατάγω: 'bring down'; 'bring his gray head down in blood to Hades' (verbatim as v. 9).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολιὰνgray head / old ageAccusativedirect object of κατάξεις→ object specificationπολιά: 'gray head'; metonymy for the aged Shimei (cf. vv. 6, 9).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνin / withpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
αἵματιbloodDativedative of manner (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceαἷμα: 'blood'; 'in blood' = by a violent death (cf. v. 9).
εἰςtopreposition + genitive (with ᾅδου)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (with ᾅδου).
ᾅδουHades / SheolGenitivegenitive of place (with εἰς: 'to Hades')→ relational specificationᾅδης: 'Hades / the grave'; renders שְׁאוֹל; εἰς ᾅδου completes the death-charge, closing the first miscellany (cf. vv. 6, 9).