1
καὶ ἦν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σαλωμων βασιλεύων ἐπὶ Ισραηλ
And King Solomon was reigning over Israel.
The chapter opens with a periphrastic imperfect ἦν … βασιλεύων ('was reigning') that sets the temporal frame for the administrative roster to follow; the cognate redundancy βασιλεὺς … βασιλεύων ('the king … reigning') is a Hebraizing figure underscoring the establishment of Solomon's rule over the whole nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (with βασιλεύων: periphrastic imperfect)→ durative imperfect (ongoing state of reign)εἰμί: 'be'; with the participle βασιλεύων it forms a periphrastic imperfect 'was reigning', a common LXX construction rendering a Hebrew stative or participial clause; it frames the whole chapter's roster as the apparatus of an established reign.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with βασιλεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject (in apposition with Σαλωμων)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the title heads the chapter, presenting the entire officials-list as the structure of Solomon's royal administration.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonnominative in apposition to ὁ βασιλεύς (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה ('Solomon'); indeclinable in the LXX, serving throughout the chapter as the royal subject whose officers and provisioners are enumerated.
βασιλεύωνreigningPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · βασιλεύωpredicate participle (periphrastic with ἦν)→ imperfective participle (continuous rule)βασιλεύω: 'be king / reign'; the present participle with ἦν forms the periphrastic 'was reigning'; the figure βασιλεὺς … βασιλεύων is a Hebraizing pleonasm emphasising the firm establishment of Solomon's kingship.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (of rule: 'over Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: here of sovereign authority 'over', rendering עַל; the idiom βασιλεύω ἐπί + acc. is standard LXX for ruling over a people.
ΙσραηλIsraelaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable; the whole nation over which Solomon reigns and which is soon organised into the twelve provisioning districts.
2
καὶ οὗτοι οἱ ἄρχοντες οἳ ἦσαν αὐτοῦ Αζαριου υἱὸς Σαδωκ
And these are the officials who were his: Azariah son of Zadok;
The demonstrative formula οὗτοι οἱ ἄρχοντες ('these are the officials') opens the cabinet roster as a verbless nominal heading, the characteristic list-form of administrative records; the first entry follows immediately in the patronymic pattern X υἱὸς Y that structures the whole chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseNominativesubject of verbless clause (demonstrative: 'these are')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; οὗτοι οἱ ἄρχοντες ('these are the officials') opens the roster as a nominal heading typical of administrative lists.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςofficials / rulersNominativepredicate nominative (in verbless clause)→ participant prominenceἄρχων (pl. ἄρχοντες): 'ruler / chief / official'; renders שַׂר; designates the high officers of the royal court — the cabinet whose names the verse begins to enumerate.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἦσαν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the clause οἳ ἦσαν αὐτοῦ ('who were his') subordinates the officials to Solomon's authority.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of relative clause→ durative imperfect (settled tenure of office)εἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect ἦσαν marks the officers' ongoing service under Solomon.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (predicate: 'were his')→ relational specificationαὐτός: personal pronoun; the genitive αὐτοῦ ('his', i.e. Solomon's) marks the officials as belonging to the king's administration.
ΑζαριουAzariahnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑζαριου: transliteration of Hebrew עֲזַרְיָהוּ ('Azariah'); listed first among the officials; though formally resembling a Greek genitive, the name functions as an indeclinable transliteration.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Zadok')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the recurring formula X υἱὸς Y ('X son of Y') renders the Hebrew patronymic בֶּן and structures the entire roster.
ΣαδωκZadokgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαδωκ: transliteration of Hebrew צָדוֹק ('Zadok'); the high priest, whose son (or descendant) Azariah heads the list of officials.
3
καὶ Ελιαρεφ καὶ Αχια υἱὸς Σαβα γραμματεῖς καὶ Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Αχιλιδ ὑπομιμνῄσκων
and Eliareph and Ahijah son of Saba, scribes; and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud, the recorder;
The list continues with the two royal scribes (γραμματεῖς, rendering סֹפֵר) and the recorder Jehoshaphat (ὑπομιμνῄσκων, rendering מַזְכִּיר); each office-title stands in predicate apposition after the names, the standard form of the bureaucratic register.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (roster-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιαρεφEliarephnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλιαρεφ: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. אֱלִיחֹרֶף 'Elihoreph'); one of the two royal scribes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑχιαAhijahnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχια: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִיָּה ('Ahijah'); the second royal scribe.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Saba')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΣαβαSabagenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαβα: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. שִׁישָׁא 'Shisha'); the father of the two scribes.
γραμματεῖςscribesNominativepredicate nominative (office of the preceding names)→ participant prominenceγραμματεύς (pl. γραμματεῖς): 'scribe / secretary / state-recorder'; renders סֹפֵר; the royal scribes managed correspondence and official records — a central administrative office.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωσαφατ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט ('Jehoshaphat'); the court recorder (not the later king of Judah).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Ahilud')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΑχιλιδAhiludgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχιλιδ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִילוּד ('Ahilud'); father of the recorder Jehoshaphat (and, in v. 12, of the governor Bakcha).
ὑπομιμνῄσκωνrecorder / remembrancerPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · ὑπομιμνῄσκωsubstantival participle (office: 'the recorder')→ verbal action or stateὑπομιμνῄσκω: 'remind / call to remembrance'; the substantival participle ὑπομιμνῄσκων ('the remembrancer / recorder') renders Hebrew מַזְכִּיר, the high official who kept the royal chronicle and advised the king on state memory.
4
καὶ Σαδουχ καὶ Αβιαθαρ ἱερεῖς
and Zadok and Abiathar, priests.
The priestly establishment closes the first sub-list: Zadok (here Σαδουχ) and Abiathar stand as the two chief priests (ἱερεῖς, rendering כֹּהֵן), though Abiathar had been deposed by Solomon (1 Kgs 2:26–27); the roster preserves the dyad as the formal priestly office.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαδουχZadoknominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαδουχ: transliteration of Hebrew צָדוֹק ('Zadok'); a variant spelling of Σαδωκ (v. 2); here listed in the priestly office.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑβιαθαρAbiatharnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑβιαθαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶבְיָתָר ('Abiathar'); the priest deposed by Solomon (1 Kgs 2:26–27), still named here in the priestly dyad.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativepredicate nominative (office of the two preceding names)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς (pl. ἱερεῖς): 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; Zadok and Abiathar head the priestly establishment of Solomon's administration.
5
καὶ Ορνια υἱὸς Ναθαν ἐπὶ τῶν καθεσταμένων καὶ Ζαβουθ υἱὸς Ναθαν ἑταῖρος τοῦ βασιλέως
and Orniah son of Nathan over the appointed officers; and Zabouth son of Nathan, the king's companion;
Two sons of Nathan are named: Orniah, set over the appointed district-officers (ἐπὶ τῶν καθεσταμένων — the very prefects of vv. 7–19), and Zabouth, the king's ἑταῖρος ('companion / confidant'), an honorific court office rendering Hebrew רֵעֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ ('the king's friend').
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟρνιαOrniahnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΟρνια: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. עֲזַרְיָהוּ / the official elsewhere named son of Nathan); set over the district prefects.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Nathan')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΝαθανNathangenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαθαν: transliteration of Hebrew נָתָן ('Nathan'); father of both Orniah and Zabouth, possibly the prophet or the royal son of that name.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (of oversight: 'over the appointed officers')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'over / in charge of', rendering עַל; the idiom designates administrative responsibility for a department.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with καθεσταμένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθεσταμένωνappointed officersPerf Mid/Pass Part Gen Pl Masc · καθίστημιsubstantival participle (genitive object of ἐπί: 'the appointed ones')→ stative perfect (those in established office)καθίστημι: 'set / appoint / put in charge'; the perfect participle οἱ καθεσταμένοι ('those appointed / the prefects') names the standing district-officers; renders נִצָּבִים, the very provisioners enumerated in vv. 7–19, here placed under Orniah's general oversight.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΖαβουθZabouthnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΖαβουθ: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. זָבוּד 'Zabud'); the king's confidant.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Nathan')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΝαθανNathangenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαθαν: see above; Zabouth's father.
ἑταῖροςcompanion / friendNominativepredicate nominative (court office: 'the king's friend')→ participant prominenceἑταῖρος: 'companion / comrade / confidant'; the phrase ἑταῖρος τοῦ βασιλέως renders Hebrew רֵעֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ ('the king's friend'), a formal court title for a trusted royal adviser (cf. 2 Sam 15:37; 16:16).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ἑταῖρος: 'the king's')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; the genitive marks Zabouth as Solomon's personal confidant.
6
καὶ Αχιηλ οἰκονόμος καὶ Ελιαβ υἱὸς Σαφ ἐπὶ τῆς πατριᾶς καὶ Αδωνιραμ υἱὸς Εφρα ἐπὶ τῶν φόρων
and Ahiel the steward; and Eliab son of Saph over the household; and Adoniram son of Ephra over the levy.
The cabinet list closes with three domestic and fiscal offices: Ahiel the steward (οἰκονόμος), Eliab over the household-estate (ἐπὶ τῆς πατριᾶς), and Adoniram over the levy or forced-labour tribute (ἐπὶ τῶν φόρων), the office tied to the great Solomonic building projects (cf. 1 Kgs 5:14).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑχιηλAhielnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχιηλ: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. אֲחִישָׁר 'Ahishar'); the royal steward.
οἰκονόμοςstewardNominativepredicate nominative (office: 'steward of the household')→ participant prominenceοἰκονόμος: 'steward / household-manager'; renders אֲשֶׁר עַל הַבַּיִת ('the one over the house'), the chief of the royal palace and estates.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλιαβEliabnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. אֱלִיאָב 'Eliab'); set over the household / patrimony.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Saph')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΣαφSaphgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαφ: transliteration of a Hebrew name; father of Eliab.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (of oversight: 'over the household')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'over / in charge of', rendering עַל.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with πατριᾶς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατριᾶςhousehold / patrimonyGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (department of oversight)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'ancestral house / clan / patrimony'; here the royal household-estate; Eliab's portfolio is the management of the king's family domain.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑδωνιραμAdoniramnominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑδωνιραμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲדֹנִירָם ('Adoniram'); the officer over the forced-labour levy (cf. 1 Kgs 5:14).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Ephra')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΕφραEphragenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕφρα: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. עַבְדָּא 'Abda'); father of Adoniram.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + genitive (of oversight: 'over the levy')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + genitive: 'over / in charge of', rendering עַל.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with φόρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φόρωνtributes / levyGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (department of oversight)→ relational specificationφόρος (pl. φόρων): 'tribute / tax / forced-labour levy'; renders מַס ('corvée'); Adoniram administered the conscripted labour that built the temple and royal works — an office that later provoked rebellion (1 Kgs 12:18).
7
καὶ τῷ Σαλωμων δώδεκα καθεσταμένοι ἐπὶ πάντα Ισραηλ χορηγεῖν τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ μῆνα ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ἐγίνετο ἐπὶ τὸν ἕνα χορηγεῖν
And Solomon had twelve appointed officers over all Israel to supply the king and his household; it fell to each one to supply for a month in the year.
The verse states the supply-system that the following list itemises: twelve prefects (δώδεκα καθεσταμένοι) over all Israel, each responsible to provision (χορηγεῖν) the king and his household for one month of the twelve-month year — a rotating fiscal calendar matching the twelve districts. The dative τῷ Σαλωμων is a Hebraizing possessive ('Solomon had').
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷthe / toDativearticle (dative of possession with Σαλωμων)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomondative of possession (indeclinable proper noun: 'Solomon had')→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; with the article τῷ it stands in a dative-of-possession construction (τῷ Σαλωμων … καθεσταμένοι, 'Solomon had appointed officers'), a Hebraizing idiom rendering לִשְׁלֹמֹה.
δώδεκαtwelveindeclinable numeral (with καθεσταμένοι)→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable numeral; the twelve prefects correspond to the twelve months of the provisioning year and the twelve districts itemised in vv. 8–19, echoing the twelve-tribe structure of Israel.
καθεσταμένοιappointed officersPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Pl Masc · καθίστημιsubstantival participle (subject: 'the appointed ones')→ stative perfect (those established in office)καθίστημι: 'set / appoint'; the perfect participle οἱ καθεσταμένοι ('the appointed officers / prefects') renders Hebrew נִצָּבִים, the standing district-governors responsible for provisioning the court.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (of authority: 'over all Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: of administrative authority 'over', rendering עַל.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with Ισραηλ: 'all Israel')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the masculine accusative πάντα modifies the indeclinable Ισραηλ, marking the prefects' jurisdiction as the entire nation.
ΙσραηλIsraelaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 1; here the whole land subdivided into the provisioning districts.
χορηγεῖνto supplyPres Act Inf · χορηγέωinfinitive of purpose (function of the prefects)→ imperfective infinitive (ongoing provisioning duty)χορηγέω: 'furnish / supply / provide for'; originally 'defray the cost of a chorus', then generally 'underwrite / provision'; here renders the duty of supplying the royal court with food and goods; the present infinitive marks the standing, recurring obligation.
τῷtheDativearticle (with βασιλεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative indirect object of χορηγεῖν (the one provisioned)→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. βασιλεῖ): 'king'; the beneficiary of the provisioning system.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseholdDativedative indirect object of χορηγεῖν (parallel to βασιλεῖ)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος (dat. οἴκῳ): 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; the royal household — the entire court establishment — is the second beneficiary of the supply.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ: 'his household')→ relational specificationαὐτός: personal pronoun; 'his', i.e. the king's household.
μῆναa monthAccusativeaccusative of duration (extent of time: 'for a month')→ object specificationμήν (acc. μῆνα): 'month'; the accusative of duration specifies each prefect's term of provisioning — one month — within the twelve-month cycle.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal: 'in the year')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'in the year').
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἐνιαυτῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτῷyearDativedative object of ἐν (temporal frame)→ sphere or referenceἐνιαυτός (dat. ἐνιαυτῷ): 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the twelve months of the year map onto the twelve prefects.
ἐγίνετοit fell / it came aboutImpf Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (impersonal: 'it would fall to')→ customary imperfect (recurring annual arrangement)γίνομαι (impf. ἐγίνετο): 'become / happen / fall to'; the customary imperfect describes the recurring arrangement — it regularly fell to each prefect in turn to provision the court; the impersonal construction ἐγίνετο … χορηγεῖν means 'it was each one's turn to supply'.
ἐπὶupon / topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'upon each one')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: here distributive, 'falling upon / assigned to' each prefect in rotation.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἕνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναone / each oneAccusativesubstantival numeral (distributive: 'each single one')→ measure or countεἷς (acc. ἕνα): 'one'; with the article τὸν ἕνα ('the one', i.e. each one in turn) it expresses the distributive rotation — one prefect per month.
χορηγεῖνto supplyPres Act Inf · χορηγέωepexegetical infinitive (content of ἐγίνετο: 'to provision')→ imperfective infinitive (the recurring duty)χορηγέω: see above; the repeated infinitive frames the whole verse around the single recurring obligation of provisioning.
8
καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν Βενωρ ἐν ὄρει Εφραιμ εἷς
And these are their names: Benor, in the hill country of Ephraim — one.
The verbless heading ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν ('these are their names') opens the district roster; the first entry, Benor over the hill country of Ephraim, ends with the tally εἷς ('one'), the counting-word that will mark each of the twelve district entries.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseNominativesubject of verbless clause (demonstrative: 'these are')→ participant prominenceοὗτος: demonstrative; ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα ('these are the names') is the standard LXX list-heading formula (cf. Exod 1:1; Num 1:5).
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesNominativepredicate nominative (in verbless clause)→ participant prominenceὄνομα (pl. ὀνόματα): 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the roster of the twelve prefects' names follows.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀνόματα: 'their names')→ relational specificationαὐτός: personal pronoun; 'their', i.e. the twelve prefects of v. 7.
ΒενωρBenornominative in roster (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΒενωρ: transliteration of Hebrew בֶּן־חוּר ('Ben-Hur', 'son of Hur'); the Greek has agglutinated the construct phrase into a single name; the first district-prefect, over Ephraim.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the hill country')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the hill country').
ὄρειhill country / mountainDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceὄρος (dat. ὄρει): 'mountain / hill country'; renders הַר; ὄρος Εφραιμ is the standard designation of the central highlands allotted to Ephraim.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (with ὄρει: 'hill country of Ephraim'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם ('Ephraim'); indeclinable; the tribal territory forming Benor's district.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry: 'one [governor]')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally-word closing each district entry, counting off the twelve prefects one by one; renders Hebrew אֶחָד used as an enumerating marker.
9
υἱὸς Ρηχαβ ἐν Μαχεμας καὶ Βηθαλαμιν καὶ Βαιθσαμυς καὶ Αιλων ἕως Βαιθαναν εἷς
the son of Rechab, in Machemas and Bethalamin and Baithsamys and Ailon as far as Baithanan — one.
The second district is named by patronymic alone (υἱὸς Ρηχαβ, 'son of Rechab') and defined by a chain of towns extending ἕως Βαιθαναν ('as far as Bethanan'); the entry closes with the tally εἷς. The names are agglutinated Hebrew transliterations of the western Shephelah and Danite border towns.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative heading the entry ('the son of Rechab')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; here the prefect is identified by patronymic only, the personal name being omitted (as often in the agglutinated district list).
ΡηχαβRechabgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΡηχαβ: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. רֶקֶם / דֶּקֶר 'Deker'); the father of the second prefect.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in Machemas')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in Machemas').
ΜαχεμαςMachemasdative-equivalent object of ἐν (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΜαχεμας: transliteration of a Hebrew place-name (cf. מָקַץ 'Makaz'); the first town of this district.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (town-list linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒηθαλαμινBethalaminplace-name in town-list (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒηθαλαμιν: transliteration of a Hebrew place-name (cf. שַׁעַלְבִים / בֵּית 'Beth-...'); the Greek has fused the construct with the preceding element.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒαιθσαμυςBaithsamysplace-name in town-list (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαιθσαμυς: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ ('Beth-Shemesh', 'house of the sun'); a town of the Shephelah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑιλωνAilonplace-name in town-list (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑιλων: transliteration of Hebrew אַיָּלוֹן ('Aijalon'); a town in the Danite borderlands.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (limit of extent: 'as far as Bethanan')→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; renders עַד; marks the outer boundary of the district's town-chain.
ΒαιθανανBaithananplace-name (object of ἕως; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒαιθαναν: transliteration of Hebrew בֵּית חָנָן ('Beth-Hanan', 'Elon-Beth-Hanan'); the boundary town of the district.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
10
υἱὸς Εσωθ Βηρβηθνεμα Λουσαμηνχα καὶ Ρησφαρα
the son of Esoth, in Berbethnema, Lousamencha, and Resphara;
The third district, headed by the son of Esoth, is defined by three heavily agglutinated transliterations (Βηρβηθνεμα, Λουσαμηνχα, Ρησφαρα) in which the Old Greek has fused Hebrew construct chains and prepositions into single opaque forms; this entry alone lacks the closing tally εἷς in the Rahlfs text.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative heading the entry ('the son of Esoth')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic-only identification of the third prefect.
ΕσωθEsothgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕσωθ: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. חֶסֶד 'Hesed'); the father of the third prefect.
ΒηρβηθνεμαBerbethnemaplace-name (indeclinable; agglutinated transliteration)→ participant identificationΒηρβηθνεμα: a transliteration agglutinating a Hebrew construct chain (cf. the Aruboth/Sochoh region of MT 1 Kgs 4:10); the Old Greek has merged elements into a single opaque form.
ΛουσαμηνχαLousamenchaplace-name (indeclinable; agglutinated transliteration)→ participant identificationΛουσαμηνχα: an agglutinated transliteration of a Hebrew place-phrase; unidentifiable in detail, reflecting the Old Greek's tendency to transcribe rather than render the district names.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡησφαραRespharaplace-name (indeclinable; agglutinated transliteration)→ participant identificationΡησφαρα: an agglutinated transliteration of a Hebrew place-phrase; the third locality of the district.
11
Χιναναδαβ καὶ Αναφαθι ἀνὴρ Ταβληθ θυγάτηρ Σαλωμων ἦν αὐτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα εἷς
Chinanadab and Anaphathi; Tableth daughter of Solomon was his wife — one.
The fourth prefect, Chinanadab over the region of Anaphathi (the Naphath-Dor heights), is noted as a royal son-in-law: Tableth, daughter of Solomon, was his wife (ἦν αὐτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα), an arrangement binding the district administration to the royal house; the entry closes with εἷς. εἰς γυναῖκα is a Hebraism (לְאִשָּׁה, 'as a wife').
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ΧιναναδαβChinanadabnominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧιναναδαβ: transliteration of Hebrew בֶּן־אֲבִינָדָב ('Ben-Abinadab'); the fourth district-prefect.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑναφαθιAnaphathiplace-name (indeclinable; the district territory)→ participant identificationΑναφαθι: transliteration of Hebrew נָפַת דֹּאר ('Naphath-Dor', the Dor heights); here taken as the territory governed by Chinanadab.
ἀνὴρhusbandNominativenominative (predicate: 'he was husband [of Tableth]')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man / husband'; here in the marital sense, introducing the note that the prefect was the husband of a royal princess.
ΤαβληθTablethnominative subject of the marriage-clause (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΤαβληθ: transliteration of Hebrew טָפַת ('Taphath'), the daughter of Solomon given in marriage to this prefect.
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativenominative in apposition to Ταβληθ ('daughter of Solomon')→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; renders בַּת; identifies Tableth as Solomon's daughter, marking a royal marriage-alliance with the district administration.
ΣαλωμωνSolomongenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; here in the genitive sense 'of Solomon'.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of the marriage-clause (with εἰς γυναῖκα)→ durative imperfect (settled marital state)εἰμί: 'be'; ἦν … εἰς γυναῖκα ('was as a wife') is a Hebraizing predicate construction (הָיְתָה לְאִשָּׁה).
αὐτῷto himDativedative of possession / advantage ('was his wife')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: personal pronoun; the dative αὐτῷ ('to him') marks the prefect as the husband to whom Tableth belonged.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (predicative Hebraism: 'as a wife')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: predicative use rendering Hebrew לְ; εἰς γυναῖκα ('as/for a wife') is the standard LXX calque of לְאִשָּׁה.
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeaccusative with εἰς (predicate: 'as a wife')→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; the term of the marriage-alliance.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
12
Βακχα υἱὸς Αχιλιδ Θααναχ καὶ Μεκεδω καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκος Σαν ὁ παρὰ Σεσαθαν ὑποκάτω τοῦ Εσραε καὶ ἐκ Βαισαφουδ Εβελμαωλα ἕως Μαεβερ Λουκαμ εἷς
Bakcha son of Ahilud, in Taanach and Megiddo and all the house of San which is beside Sesathan below Esrae, and from Baisaphoud Ebelmaola as far as Maeber Loukam — one.
The fifth and most elaborately bounded district: Bakcha son of Ahilud governs the Jezreel-valley belt — Taanach, Megiddo, the whole house of San (Beth-Shean) beside Sesathan below Esrae (Jezreel) — extending from Baisaphoud and Ebelmaola as far as Maeber Loukam; the long topographical chain, heavily transliterated, closes with the tally εἷς.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ΒακχαBakchanominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΒακχα: transliteration of Hebrew בַּעֲנָא ('Baana'); the fifth district-prefect.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Ahilud')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΑχιλιδAhiludgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχιλιδ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִילוּד ('Ahilud'); cf. v. 3, the recorder's father; here the father of the prefect Bakcha.
ΘααναχTaanachplace-name (indeclinable; district locality)→ participant identificationΘααναχ: transliteration of Hebrew תַּעְנַךְ ('Taanach'); a fortified city on the southern edge of the Jezreel valley.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜεκεδωMegiddoplace-name (indeclinable; district locality)→ participant identificationΜεκεδω: transliteration of Hebrew מְגִדּוֹ ('Megiddo'); the great fortress-city commanding the Jezreel pass.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (with ὁ οἶκος: 'all the house')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; marks the entire territory of the house of San as belonging to the district.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with οἶκος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκοςhouseNominativenominative (territory-designation: 'the house of San')→ participant prominenceοἶκος: 'house'; renders בֵּית in the place-name Beth-Shean; here ὁ οἶκος Σαν = 'Beth-Shean' and its dependent territory.
ΣανSan (Shean)genitive of relationship (with οἶκος: 'house of San'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαν: transliteration of the second element of Hebrew בֵּית שְׁאָן ('Beth-Shean'); the Old Greek splits the construct, rendering בֵּית as οἶκος and transliterating שְׁאָן as Σαν.
ὁwhichNominativearticle used relatively (with παρὰ Σεσαθαν: 'the one beside Sesathan')→ noun-phrase markingὁ: the article here functions relatively, 'the (house) which is beside...', a common LXX construction.
παρὰbesidepreposition + accusative (location: 'beside Sesathan')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + accusative: 'beside / alongside'; locating the house of San next to Sesathan.
ΣεσαθανSesathanplace-name (object of παρά; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣεσαθαν: transliteration of a Hebrew place-name (cf. צָרְתָנָה 'Zarethan'); a town near Beth-Shean in the Jordan valley.
ὑποκάτωbelowpreposition + genitive (location: 'below Esrae')→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: 'underneath / below'; renders מִתַּחַת; situates the district below (i.e. south/downstream of) Jezreel.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Εσραε)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕσραεEsrae (Jezreel)genitive of relationship (object of ὑποκάτω; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕσραε: transliteration of Hebrew יִזְרְעֶאל ('Jezreel'); the great valley-city whose plain the district adjoins.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (starting point of the boundary)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + genitive: 'from'; with ἕως below it frames the district's extent.
ΒαισαφουδBaisaphoudplace-name (object of ἐκ; indeclinable; agglutinated)→ participant identificationΒαισαφουδ: an agglutinated transliteration of a Hebrew place-phrase (cf. בֵּית שְׁאָן / מִבֵּית); the starting point of the boundary description.
ΕβελμαωλαEbelmaolaplace-name (indeclinable; agglutinated)→ participant identificationΕβελμαωλα: transliteration of Hebrew אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה ('Abel-Meholah'), a town in the Jordan valley; the Old Greek has agglutinated the two elements.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (limit of extent)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'as far as'; renders עַד; marks the far boundary of the district.
ΜαεβερMaeberplace-name (object of ἕως; indeclinable; agglutinated)→ participant identificationΜαεβερ: an agglutinated transliteration of a Hebrew phrase (cf. מֵעֵבֶר 'from beyond / the crossing of'); part of the boundary terminus.
ΛουκαμLoukamplace-name (indeclinable; agglutinated)→ participant identificationΛουκαμ: transliteration of a Hebrew place-name (cf. יָקְמְעָם 'Jokmeam'); the boundary terminus of the district.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
13
υἱὸς Γαβερ ἐν Ρεμαθ Γαλααδ τούτῳ σχοίνισμα Ερεγαβα ἣ ἐν τῇ Βασαν ἑξήκοντα πόλεις μεγάλαι τειχήρεις καὶ μοχλοὶ χαλκοῖ εἷς
the son of Gaber, in Ramoth-Gilead; to him belonged the measured region of Eregaba, which is in Bashan, sixty great cities, walled and with bars of bronze — one.
The sixth district, governed by the son of Gaber from Ramoth-Gilead, is the largest, comprising the measured allotment (σχοίνισμα) of Eregaba in Bashan — sixty great walled cities with bronze bars (πόλεις μεγάλαι τειχήρεις καὶ μοχλοὶ χαλκοῖ); the parenthetical inventory of fortifications underlines the district's strategic Transjordanian importance before the tally εἷς.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative heading the entry ('the son of Gaber')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic-only identification of the sixth prefect.
ΓαβερGabergenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓαβερ: transliteration of Hebrew גֶּבֶר ('Geber'); the father of this prefect (and the same name borne by the prefect of v. 18).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in Ramoth')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in Ramoth').
ΡεμαθRamothplace-name (object of ἐν; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡεμαθ: transliteration of Hebrew רָמֹת ('Ramoth'); the city Ramoth-Gilead, the prefect's seat.
ΓαλααδGileadgenitive of relationship (with Ρεμαθ: 'Ramoth of Gilead'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliteration of Hebrew גִּלְעָד ('Gilead'); the Transjordanian highland region; Ραμαθ Γαλααδ = Ramoth-Gilead.
τούτῳto this oneDativedative of possession (demonstrative: 'to him belonged')→ participant reference or interestοὗτος (dat. τούτῳ): demonstrative; the dative of possession τούτῳ σχοίνισμα ('to this one [belonged] the allotment') introduces the prefect's territory.
σχοίνισμαmeasured region / allotmentNominativenominative subject of possession-clause ('the measured region')→ participant prominenceσχοίνισμα: 'measured portion / allotment' (lit. 'what is measured by a measuring-cord, σχοινίον'); renders חֶבֶל; a surveyed land-district assigned to the prefect.
ΕρεγαβαEregabaplace-name in apposition to σχοίνισμα (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕρεγαβα: transliteration of Hebrew אַרְגֹּב ('Argob'); the region of Argob in Bashan, here the named allotment.
ἣwhichNominativerelative pronoun (feminine, agreeing ad sensum: 'which is in Bashan')→ participant referenceὅς (fem. ἥ): relative pronoun; the clause ἣ ἐν τῇ Βασαν ('which is in Bashan') locates the allotment of Eregaba.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with Βασαν)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashanplace-name (object of ἐν, with article; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliteration of Hebrew בָּשָׁן ('Bashan'); the fertile Transjordanian plateau, famed for its cattle and fortified towns.
ἑξήκονταsixtyindeclinable numeral (with πόλεις)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable numeral; the sixty great cities of Argob/Bashan (cf. Deut 3:4–5) measure the district's exceptional size.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative in apposition (the content of the allotment)→ participant prominenceπόλις (pl. πόλεις): 'city'; renders עִיר; the sixty fortified cities are enumerated as the substance of the district.
μεγάλαιgreatNominativeattributive adjective (with πόλεις: 'great cities')→ participant prominenceμέγας (fem. pl. μεγάλαι): 'great / large'; renders גְּדֹלוֹת; emphasises the scale of the Bashan cities.
τειχήρειςwalled / fortifiedNominativeattributive adjective (with πόλεις: 'walled cities')→ participant prominenceτειχήρης (pl. τειχήρεις): 'walled / fortified' (from τεῖχος, 'wall'); renders בְּצֻרוֹת; the cities are defended by walls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοχλοὶbars / boltsNominativenominative (further fortification-detail: 'bars')→ participant prominenceμοχλός (pl. μοχλοί): 'bar / bolt'; renders בְּרִיחַ; the gate-bars securing the city gates.
χαλκοῖbronzeNominativeattributive adjective (with μοχλοί: 'bars of bronze')→ participant prominenceχαλκοῦς (pl. χαλκοῖ): 'made of bronze / copper'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; bronze gate-bars mark the cities as heavily fortified strongholds.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
14
Αχιναδαβ υἱὸς Αχελ Μααναιν εἷς
Ahinadab son of Achel, in Mahanaim — one.
The seventh district: Ahinadab son of Achel, over Mahanaim in Gilead, a terse entry closing at once with the tally εἷς.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ΑχιναδαβAhinadabnominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχιναδαβ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִינָדָב ('Ahinadab'); the seventh district-prefect.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Achel')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΑχελAchelgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχελ: transliteration of Hebrew עִדֹּא ('Iddo'); the father of Ahinadab.
ΜααναινMahanaimplace-name (the district territory; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜααναιν: transliteration of Hebrew מַחֲנָיִם ('Mahanaim'); an important Transjordanian town in Gilead, the district seat.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
15
Αχιμαας ἐν Νεφθαλι καὶ οὗτος ἔλαβεν τὴν Βασεμμαθ θυγατέρα Σαλωμων εἰς γυναῖκα εἷς
Ahimaas, in Naphtali; and this one too took Basemmath daughter of Solomon as wife — one.
The eighth district: Ahimaas in Naphtali, the second prefect noted as Solomon's son-in-law — he too (καὶ οὗτος) married a daughter of the king, Basemmath (ἔλαβεν … εἰς γυναῖκα). The pairing with Chinanadab (v. 11) shows the deliberate weaving of the provincial governorships into the royal family; the entry closes with εἷς.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ΑχιμααςAhimaasnominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑχιμαας: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִימַעַץ ('Ahimaaz'); the eighth district-prefect.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in Naphtali')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in Naphtali').
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliplace-name (object of ἐν; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי ('Naphtali'); the northern tribal territory forming the district.
καὶand / alsoadjunctive conjunction ('this one too')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adjunctive, 'also / too', marking Ahimaas as a second royal son-in-law alongside Chinanadab (v. 11).
οὗτοςthis oneNominativesubject (demonstrative: 'this one')→ participant referenceοὗτος: demonstrative pronoun; καὶ οὗτος ('and this one too') singles out Ahimaas as likewise married into the royal house.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (of marriage: 'took as wife')→ constative aorist (the completed marriage)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; λαμβάνω … εἰς γυναῖκα ('take as a wife') is the standard idiom for marrying, rendering לָקַח לְאִשָּׁה.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Βασεμμαθ)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασεμμαθBasemmathaccusative object of ἔλαβεν (with article; indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΒασεμμαθ: transliteration of Hebrew בָּשְׂמַת ('Basemath'); the daughter of Solomon given to Ahimaas; the Greek article τήν supplies the accusative case to the indeclinable name.
θυγατέραdaughterAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Βασεμμαθ ('daughter of Solomon')→ object specificationθυγάτηρ (acc. θυγατέρα): 'daughter'; renders בַּת; identifies Basemmath as Solomon's daughter.
ΣαλωμωνSolomongenitive of relationship (with θυγατέρα; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: indeclinable; 'of Solomon'.
εἰςas / forpreposition + accusative (predicative Hebraism: 'as a wife')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: predicative use rendering Hebrew לְ; εἰς γυναῖκα = 'as a wife' (לְאִשָּׁה).
γυναῖκαwifeAccusativeaccusative with εἰς (predicate: 'as a wife')→ object specificationγυνή (acc. γυναῖκα): 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
16
Βαανα υἱὸς Χουσι ἐν τῇ Μααλαθ εἷς
Baana son of Chousi, in Maalath — one.
The ninth district: Baana son of Chousi over Maalath (the territory of Asher and Bealoth); a brief entry closing with the tally εἷς.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ΒααναBaananominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΒαανα: transliteration of Hebrew בַּעֲנָא ('Baana'); the ninth district-prefect.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Chousi')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΧουσιChousigenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΧουσι: transliteration of Hebrew חוּשַׁי ('Hushai'); the father of Baana.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in Maalath')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in Maalath').
τῇtheDativearticle (with Μααλαθ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜααλαθMaalathplace-name (object of ἐν, with article; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜααλαθ: transliteration of Hebrew בְּעָלוֹת ('Bealoth') in the territory of Asher; the district seat.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral (closing the district entry)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the recurring tally closing the entry.
17
Σαμαα υἱὸς Ηλα ἐν τῷ Βενιαμιν
Samaa son of Ela, in Benjamin;
The tenth district: Samaa son of Ela over Benjamin; this entry, like vv. 10 and 19, lacks the closing tally εἷς in the Rahlfs text.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ΣαμααSamaanominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαμαα: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעִי ('Shimei'); the tenth district-prefect.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Ela')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΗλαElagenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΗλα: transliteration of Hebrew אֵלָא ('Ela'); the father of Samaa.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in Benjamin')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in Benjamin').
τῷtheDativearticle (with Βενιαμιν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminplace-name (object of ἐν, with article; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew בִּנְיָמִן ('Benjamin'); the tribal territory north of Judah forming the district.
18
Γαβερ υἱὸς Αδαι ἐν τῇ γῇ Γαδ γῇ Σηων βασιλέως τοῦ Εσεβων καὶ Ωγ βασιλέως τοῦ Βασαν καὶ νασιφ εἷς ἐν γῇ Ιουδα
Gaber son of Adai, in the land of Gad, the land of Sihon king of Heshbon and of Og king of Bashan; and one officer in the land of Judah.
The eleventh district: Gaber son of Adai over the land of Gad — the former realms of Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan, the conquered Amorite kingdoms of the Transjordan (cf. Num 21:21–35). The clause καὶ νασιφ εἷς ἐν γῇ Ιουδα ('and one officer in the land of Judah') notes a single overseer (νασιφ, a transliteration of Hebrew נְצִיב, 'prefect') set over Judah, perhaps a summarising or supplementary note.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ΓαβερGabernominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΓαβερ: transliteration of Hebrew גֶּבֶר ('Geber'); the eleventh district-prefect (the name recurs from v. 13).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Adai')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; patronymic formula.
ΑδαιAdaigenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑδαι: transliteration of a Hebrew name (cf. אֻרִי 'Uri'); the father of Gaber.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the land of Gad')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the land of Gad').
τῇtheDativearticle (with γῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ (dat. γῇ): 'land / earth'; renders אֶרֶץ; ἐν τῇ γῇ Γαδ = 'in the land of Gad'.
ΓαδGadgenitive of relationship (with γῇ: 'land of Gad'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד ('Gad'); the Transjordanian tribal territory forming the district.
γῇlandDativedative in apposition ('the land of Sihon')→ sphere or referenceγῆ (dat. γῇ): the repeated 'land' specifies the territory of Gad further as the former Amorite kingdom of Sihon.
ΣηωνSihongenitive of relationship (with γῇ: 'land of Sihon'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣηων: transliteration of Hebrew סִיחוֹן ('Sihon'); the Amorite king of Heshbon defeated under Moses (Num 21:21–31).
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Σηων ('Sihon king of Heshbon')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; titles Sihon as the former Amorite monarch of Heshbon.
τοῦthe / ofGenitivearticle (with Εσεβων, marking the genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕσεβωνHeshbongenitive of relationship (with βασιλέως: 'king of Heshbon'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕσεβων: transliteration of Hebrew חֶשְׁבּוֹן ('Heshbon'); Sihon's royal city in the Transjordan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking the two Amorite kings)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΩγOggenitive of relationship (parallel to Σηων; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΩγ: transliteration of Hebrew עוֹג ('Og'); the giant Amorite king of Bashan defeated at Edrei (Num 21:33–35; Deut 3:1–11).
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ωγ ('Og king of Bashan')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; titles Og as the former monarch of Bashan.
τοῦthe / ofGenitivearticle (with Βασαν, marking the genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανBashangenitive of relationship (with βασιλέως: 'king of Bashan'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒασαν: transliteration of Hebrew בָּשָׁן ('Bashan'); Og's realm, the northern Transjordanian plateau.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νασιφofficer / prefectindeclinable transliteration (the supplementary officer)→ clausal contributionνασιφ: a transliteration of Hebrew נְצִיב ('prefect / governor / garrison-officer') left untranslated by the Old Greek; here it denotes a single additional overseer in Judah; the lowercase form in the edition reflects its status as a transliterated common term rather than a name.
εἷςoneNominativetally numeral / 'one officer'→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; here 'one (officer)', the single prefect set over Judah.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the land of Judah')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the land of Judah').
γῇlandDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ (dat. γῇ): 'land'; ἐν γῇ Ιουδα = 'in the land of Judah'.
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of relationship (with γῇ: 'land of Judah'; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה ('Judah'); the southern kingdom-territory, set apart with a single overseer.
19
Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Φουασουδ ἐν Ισσαχαρ
Jehoshaphat son of Phouasoud, in Issachar.
The final district closes the roster: Jehoshaphat son of Phouasoud over Issachar; like vv. 10 and 17, the entry lacks the tally εἷς, and the chapter ends abruptly with the last governor's name, the LXX division stopping short of the prosperity-summary found later in the MT arrangement.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ΙωσαφατJehoshaphatnominative heading the entry (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωσαφατ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹשָׁפָט ('Jehoshaphat'); the twelfth district-prefect (distinct from the recorder of v. 3).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition ('son of Phouasoud')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic formula closing the roster.
ΦουασουδPhouasoudgenitive of relationship with υἱός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΦουασουδ: transliteration of Hebrew פָּרוּחַ ('Paruah'); the father of the last prefect.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in Issachar')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in Issachar').
ΙσσαχαρIssacharplace-name (object of ἐν; indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר ('Issachar'); the tribal territory of the Jezreel lowlands forming the twelfth district; its name closes the chapter.