Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Fourth Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 20ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ Κ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Hezekiah is healed and given time, but his display to Babylon foreshadows exile.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 4 Kingdoms 20 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. 4 Kingdoms 20 (= 2 Kings 20 MT) is the Septuagintal account of the closing episodes of Hezekiah's reign and runs closely parallel to Isaiah 38–39. The chapter divides into four movements: Hezekiah's mortal illness, his weeping prayer, and Isaiah's reversing oracle of fifteen added years and the city's deliverance (vv. 1–6); the fig-poultice cure and the confirmatory sign of the shadow retreating ten steps on the stairway (vv. 7–11); the embassy of Marodach-baladan of Babylon, Hezekiah's display of all his treasures, and Isaiah's oracle that everything will be carried to Babylon and Hezekiah's sons made eunuchs in the Babylonian palace (vv. 12–19); and the regnal-summary notice of his waterworks and his death-and-burial formula, with Manasseh succeeding (vv. 20–21). The LXX preserves several distinctive features: the prophetic messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος (vv. 1, 5); the transliterated court-loanwords μαναα ('gift / tribute', v. 12) and νεχωθα (the treasure-/spice-house, v. 13); the technical βαθμοί ('steps / degrees') and ἀναβαθμοί ('stairway') for the sundial-stairway of Ahaz (vv. 9–11); and the standard regnal death-formula ἐκοιμήθη … μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ (v. 21). κύριος throughout renders the Tetragrammaton.

1

ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἠρρώστησεν Εζεκιας εἰς θάνατον καὶ εἰσῆλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ησαιας υἱὸς Αμως ὁ προφήτης καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν τάδε λέγει κύριος ἔντειλαι τῷ οἴκῳ σου ὅτι ἀποθνῄσκεις σὺ καὶ οὐ ζήσῃ

In those days Hezekiah became sick unto death, and Isaiah son of Amos the prophet came to him and said to him, 'Thus says the LORD: Give orders concerning your house, for you are dying and shall not live.'

New narrative episode (temporal frame opening the Hezekiah-illness cycle)ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις
The temporal phrase ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ('in those days') is a stock LXX episode-opener loosely linking this account to the Assyrian-crisis material of chs. 18–19. The prophetic messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος introduces an unconditional death-sentence; the bluntness of ἀποθνῄσκεις σὺ καὶ οὐ ζήσῃ sets up the dramatic reversal of vv. 4–6.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedative of time (with ἐν: temporal frame)→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the phrase ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις renders Hebrew בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם, a stock narrative formula loosely setting the episode within the same general period as the Assyrian deliverance of chs. 18–19.
ἐκείναιςthoseDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἡμέραις)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that / those'; the far-demonstrative locates the episode in the indefinite past relative to the narrator without precise synchronism.
ἠρρώστησενbecame sickAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρρωστέωmain verb (onset of illness)→ ingressive aorist (entered the state of sickness)ἀρρωστέω: 'be ill / fall sick'; renders Hebrew חָלָה; the ingressive aorist marks the onset of the illness; the same verb recurs at vv. 12 (ἠρρώστησεν) as the occasion for the Babylonian embassy.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: transliteration of Hebrew חִזְקִיָּהוּ ('YHWH strengthens'); declined as a first-declension masculine in Rahlfs' LXX (acc. Εζεκιαν, gen. Εζεκιου), hence parsed as a declinable noun with case.
εἰςuntopreposition + accusative (extent / result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'unto'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent / result).
θάνατονdeathAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (extent: 'to the point of death')→ object specificationθάνατος: 'death'; εἰς θάνατον renders לָמוּת, expressing the gravity of the illness — a sickness tending toward death; cf. the same idiom at John 11:4 (ἀσθένεια … πρὸς θάνατον).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενcame inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (the prophet's arrival)→ constative aorist (single completed entry)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / come in'; the prophet comes to the sickbed; the same verb frames Isaiah's later visit after the embassy (v. 14, εἰσῆλθεν Ησαιας).
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Hezekiah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Hezekiah).
ΗσαιαςIsaiahNominativesubject (apposition with υἱὸς Αμως ὁ προφήτης)→ participant prominenceΗσαιας: transliteration of Hebrew יְשַׁעְיָהוּ ('YHWH is salvation'); declined as a first-declension masculine (acc. Ησαιαν), hence a declinable noun with case.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ησαιας (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; υἱὸς Αμως renders בֶּן־אָמוֹץ, the standard patronymic identifying the prophet (note: Αμως here = אָמוֹץ, Isaiah's father, distinct from the prophet Amos עָמוֹס).
ΑμωςAmosgenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)→ participant identificationΑμως: transliteration of Hebrew אָמוֹץ, the father of Isaiah; indeclinable in the LXX, hence kind 'x' with no case value; functions as a genitive of relationship with υἱός.
theNominativearticle (with προφήτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetNominativenominative in apposition (titular: 'the prophet')→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet / spokesman'; renders נָבִיא; the title underlines that Isaiah comes not as physician but as bearer of the divine word, framing the entire chapter as prophetic speech-event.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces the prophetic oracle that follows; paired with the messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Hezekiah)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Hezekiah).
τάδεthus / these thingsAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει: content of the oracle)→ participant referenceὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε: 'this / these'; τάδε λέγει κύριος is the LXX's standard rendering of the prophetic messenger-formula כֹּה אָמַר יהוה; the neuter accusative plural τάδε points forward to the words quoted.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula (historic present)→ historic present (the divine word presented as immediate and ongoing)λέγω (pres.): the present λέγει within the citation-formula gives the oracle a sense of present, living authority — the LORD is, as it were, speaking now through the prophet.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of λέγει (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine name marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech delivered through the prophet Isaiah.
ἔντειλαιgive ordersAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (divine imperative to Hezekiah)→ aorist imperative (decisive command: set things in order)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / give charge / give orders'; renders צַו (Piel of צוה); ἔντειλαι τῷ οἴκῳ σου is the idiom 'give your household its final instructions / put your house in order,' i.e. make a deathbed disposition of one's affairs (cf. 2 Sam 17:23 LXX).
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouse / householdDativedative complement of ἔντειλαι (the household instructed)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; here in the sense of one's domestic and dynastic affairs — Hezekiah is to make a deathbed disposition; οἶκος recurs throughout the chapter (treasure-house v. 13, dynastic 'house of the king of Babylon' v. 18).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ).
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (grounds for the command)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the ground of the imperative — the household must be set in order because death is imminent.
ἀποθνῄσκειςyou are dyingPres Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωverb of causal clause (present of imminent certainty)→ futuristic / progressive present (death as already underway and certain)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; renders מֵת אַתָּה ('you are dying / about to die'); the present tense conveys imminent and certain death, sharpened by the following οὐ ζήσῃ.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic pronoun heightens the personal directness of the death-sentence — it is you, the king, who will die.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ζήσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: objective negation; with the future ζήσῃ it forms an emphatic denial — 'you shall surely not live / recover.'
ζήσῃyou shall liveFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ζάωmain verb (negated future of the death-sentence)→ predictive future (categorical prognosis of death)ζάω: 'live / be alive'; renders לֹא תִחְיֶה ('you shall not live / not recover'); the categorical οὐ ζήσῃ is the verdict that Hezekiah's prayer and YHWH's grace will overturn at vv. 5–6.
2

καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν Εζεκιας τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸν τοῖχον καὶ ηὔξατο πρὸς κύριον λέγων

And Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the LORD, saying,

Narrative continuation (Hezekiah's response to the death-oracle)καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν Εζεκιας
The king's gesture of turning his face to the wall (πρὸς τὸν τοῖχον) signals withdrawal into private grief and prayer; the participle λέγων introduces the direct prayer that follows in v. 3. The verse is a chain of καί-paratactic aorists typical of LXX narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστρεψενturned awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστρέφωmain verb (Hezekiah's gesture)→ constative aorist (single completed turning)ἀποστρέφω: 'turn away / turn back'; renders Hebrew סָבַב; ἀπέστρεψεν τὸ πρόσωπον πρὸς τὸν τοῖχον depicts the king turning from the room toward the wall — a posture of private grief and concentrated prayer.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
τὸthe / hisAccusativearticle (with πρόσωπον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστρεψεν→ object specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / countenance'; renders פָּנִים; turning the face is a recurrent biblical idiom for the direction of one's attention or emotional disposition — here a withdrawal toward private prayer.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying πρόσωπον)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying πρόσωπον).
πρὸςto / towardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with τοῖχον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῖχονwallAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (direction of the gesture)→ object specificationτοῖχος: 'wall (of a house)'; renders קִיר; turning to the wall isolates the king from onlookers, marking the intimacy and earnestness of the prayer.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὔξατοprayedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · εὔχομαιmain verb (act of prayer)→ constative aorist (single completed act of prayer)εὔχομαι: 'pray / vow / make supplication'; renders הִתְפַּלֵּל; the deponent middle ηὔξατο introduces the king's direct petition to YHWH that follows in v. 3.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of prayer)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of prayer).
κύριονLORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (addressee of prayer)→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the king prays directly to YHWH, not through priestly mediation, anticipating the divine hearing of v. 5 (ἤκουσα τῆς προσευχῆς σου).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct prayer)→ circumstantial participle (manner / content of the praying)λέγω (pres. part.): the participle λέγων is the standard LXX device (rendering לֵאמֹר) for introducing direct speech after a verb of speaking or praying; here it opens the verbatim prayer of v. 3.
3

ὦ δή κύριε μνήσθητι δὴ ὅσα περιεπάτησα ἐνώπιόν σου ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἐν καρδίᾳ πλήρει καὶ τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ἐποίησα καὶ ἔκλαυσεν Εζεκιας κλαυθμῷ μεγάλῳ

'O LORD, remember, I pray, how I have walked before you in truth and with a full heart, and have done what is good in your eyes.' And Hezekiah wept with a great weeping.

Embedded direct speech: Hezekiah's prayer of appealὦ δή κύριε
The prayer is an appeal to YHWH's covenant memory: μνήσθητι ('remember') with the doubled particle δή ('I pray, indeed') is urgent and pleading. Hezekiah does not deny his mortality but rests his case on a life of faithful conduct (περιεπάτησα … ἐν ἀληθείᾳ). The verse closes with the narrator's note of the king's great weeping (κλαυθμῷ μεγάλῳ), a cognate-dative Hebraism intensifying the grief that v. 5 says YHWH has seen.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
Ointerjection (vocative particle)→ discourse linkage or contrastὦ: interjection introducing direct address; here it heightens the emotional urgency of the prayer's opening cry to YHWH.
δήindeed / prayemphatic particle (entreaty)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: emphatic particle of entreaty; rendering Hebrew נָא ('please / now'); combined with ὦ and again with μνήσθητι δή it intensifies the pleading tone of the petition.
κύριεLORDVocativevocative of address→ direct addressκύριος (voc. κύριε): the vocative rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; direct address opens the prayer, appealing to the covenant LORD by name.
μνήσθητιrememberAor Pass Impv 2 Sg · μιμνῄσκομαιmain verb (petitionary imperative)→ aorist imperative (urgent plea for divine remembrance)μιμνῄσκομαι: 'remember / call to mind'; renders זְכָר־נָא; in covenant prayer, asking God to 'remember' is to ask him to act favorably in accordance with relationship — not mere recollection but effective regard (cf. Neh 13:14).
δὴI prayemphatic particle (entreaty, with μνήσθητι)→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: repeated entreaty-particle (= נָא) reinforcing the imperative μνήσθητι: 'remember, I pray.'
ὅσαhow / all thatAccusativerelative/correlative pronoun (object clause of μνήσθητι)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / how (much)'; the neuter plural ὅσα introduces the content of what YHWH is asked to remember — the totality of Hezekiah's faithful conduct.
περιεπάτησαI walkedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · περιπατέωverb of relative clause (the conduct remembered)→ constative aorist (Hezekiah's life of conduct viewed as a whole)περιπατέω: 'walk (about) / conduct oneself'; renders הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי (Hithpael of הלך); 'walking before' YHWH is the standard biblical metaphor for a manner of life lived in covenant faithfulness (cf. Gen 17:1; 1 Kgs 3:6).
ἐνώπιόνbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לְפָנֶיךָ ('before your face'); the phrase frames Hezekiah's whole life as lived under YHWH's gaze.
σουyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἐνώπιον.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
ἀληθείᾳtruthDativedative of manner (with ἐν: 'in truth')→ sphere or referenceἀλήθεια: 'truth / faithfulness'; renders אֱמֶת; in the OT sense ἀλήθεια denotes faithful integrity and reliability of conduct, not merely propositional truthfulness.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (manner)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (manner).
καρδίᾳheartDativedative of manner (with ἐν: 'with a heart')→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: 'heart'; renders לֵבָב; in biblical anthropology the seat of will, intellect, and devotion; 'a full / whole heart' denotes undivided loyalty to YHWH.
πλήρειfull / wholeDativeattributive adjective (modifying καρδίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπλήρης: 'full / complete'; renders שָׁלֵם ('whole / perfect'); καρδίᾳ πλήρει = 'with a whole/undivided heart,' the standard idiom for wholehearted covenant devotion (cf. 3 Kgdms 8:61; 11:4).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ἀγαθόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθὸνgoodAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object of ἐποίησα: 'the good')→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good'; τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου ἐποίησα renders the recurrent Deuteronomistic formula עָשָׂה הַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵי יהוה ('did what is good in the eyes of the LORD'), the regnal evaluation applied to Hezekiah at 4 Kgdms 18:3.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (evaluative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (evaluative).
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesDativedative of sphere (with ἐν: 'in your eyes')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου renders בְּעֵינֶיךָ ('in your eyes / sight'), a Hebraism for divine evaluation and approval.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ὀφθαλμοῖς).
ἐποίησαI have doneAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (Hezekiah's claim of righteous conduct)→ constative aorist (life of conduct summed up)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשִׂיתִי; the aorist sums up Hezekiah's reign of reform and fidelity as a single completed record offered to YHWH's remembrance.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming narration)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκλαυσενweptAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κλαίωmain verb (narrator's note of weeping)→ constative aorist (act of weeping)κλαίω: 'weep / cry aloud'; renders בָּכָה; the narrator's note that Hezekiah wept is recalled by YHWH at v. 5 (εἶδον τὰ δάκρυά σου, 'I have seen your tears').
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
κλαυθμῷwith weepingDativecognate dative (Hebraism, with ἔκλαυσεν)→ sphere or referenceκλαυθμός: 'weeping / wailing'; the cognate dative ἔκλαυσεν κλαυθμῷ μεγάλῳ renders the Hebrew infinitive-absolute construction בָּכָה … בְּכִי גָדוֹל, intensifying the verb: 'wept with great weeping' = 'wept bitterly.'
μεγάλῳgreatDativeattributive adjective (modifying κλαυθμῷ)→ sphere or referenceμέγας: 'great'; intensifies κλαυθμῷ; the magnitude of the weeping underlines the depth of the king's distress at the death-sentence.
4

καὶ ἦν Ησαιας ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ τῇ μέσῃ καὶ ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐγένετο πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων

And Isaiah was in the middle court, and the word of the LORD came to him, saying,

Scene-setting circumstance (the prophet still within the court when the reversing word comes)καὶ ἦν Ησαιας
The imperfect ἦν sets the background: Isaiah has not yet left the palace precincts (ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ τῇ μέσῃ) when the divine word reverses the sentence — the swiftness of the answer underscores YHWH's responsiveness to the prayer and tears of v. 3. The word-event formula ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐγένετο πρὸς αὐτόν introduces the new oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (background circumstance)→ imperfect of background state (Isaiah's location when the word came)εἰμί (impf.): 'be'; the imperfect ἦν supplies the durative background — Isaiah was still in the court — against which the punctiliar ἐγένετο of the word-event is foregrounded.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΗσαιας: meaning 'Isaiah'; it serves as subject.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle (with αὐλῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῇcourtDativedative of place (with ἐν: location of Isaiah)→ sphere or referenceαὐλή: 'court / courtyard'; renders חָצֵר; the 'middle court' is an inner courtyard of the royal palace complex — Isaiah is still within the precincts, not yet departed.
τῇtheDativearticle (in attributive position with μέσῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέσῃmiddleDativeattributive adjective (modifying αὐλῇ: 'the middle court')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / central'; the article-repeating attributive construction τῇ αὐλῇ τῇ μέσῃ specifies a particular inner courtyard; the detail stresses how quickly the reversing word overtakes the prophet.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject (of ἐγένετο)→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / utterance / matter'; renders דָּבָר; ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐγένετο πρός is the stock prophetic word-event formula (וַיְהִי דְּבַר־יהוה אֶל), marking the reception of a fresh divine oracle (cf. 3 Kgdms 17:2; Jer 1:2).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (modifying ῥῆμα)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the genitive marks the word's divine origin — it is YHWH's word that comes to the prophet.
ἐγένετοcameAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the word-event)→ constative aorist (the coming of the divine word)γίνομαι (aor. mid.): 'become / come to be / happen'; in the formula ῥῆμα κυρίου ἐγένετο πρός it renders וַיְהִי, depicting the oracle as an event that befalls the prophet.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient of the word)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient of the word).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Isaiah)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Isaiah).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the oracle)→ circumstantial participle (content of the word-event)λέγω (pres. part.): λέγων (= לֵאמֹר) introduces the direct content of the divine word; though grammatically masculine singular it attaches loosely to the neuter ῥῆμα by sense (the word that speaks), a common LXX construction.
5

ἐπίστρεψον καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς Εζεκιαν τὸν ἡγούμενον τοῦ λαοῦ μου τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρός σου ἤκουσα τῆς προσευχῆς σου εἶδον τὰ δάκρυά σου ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἰάσομαί σε τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ἀναβήσῃ εἰς οἶκον κυρίου

'Turn back and say to Hezekiah the leader of my people: Thus says the LORD, the God of David your father: I have heard your prayer, I have seen your tears; behold, I will heal you; on the third day you shall go up to the house of the LORD.'

Embedded divine oracle: the reversing word of healingἐπίστρεψον καὶ ἐρεῖς
The oracle reverses v. 1: the imperatival ἐπίστρεψον sends Isaiah back, and the messenger-formula τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Δαυιδ explicitly grounds the reprieve in the Davidic covenant. The paired aorists ἤκουσα … εἶδον answer precisely the prayer and tears of vv. 2–3, and ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἰάσομαι announces the cure, with the concrete sign of going up to the temple on the third day.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
ἐπίστρεψονturn backAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (divine imperative to Isaiah)→ aorist imperative (decisive command to return)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; renders שׁוּב; YHWH commands Isaiah to go back to the king he has just left — the same verb-root recurs in the sign of the returning shadow (ἐπιστραφήτω, ἐπέστρεψεν, vv. 10–11).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγωmain verb (volitive future functioning as command)→ imperatival future (commissioned proclamation)λέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): 'say / tell'; the future ἐρεῖς has imperatival force (= Hebrew weqatal וְאָמַרְתָּ), commissioning the prophet's exact words to the king.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΕζεκιανHezekiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of the message)→ object specificationΕζεκιας (acc. Εζεκιαν): declinable name; the accusative as directional object of πρός.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the substantival participle ἡγούμενον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγούμενονleader / rulerPres Mid Part Acc Sg Masc · ἡγέομαιsubstantival participle in apposition to Εζεκιαν ('the leader')→ substantival participle (title of office)ἡγέομαι: 'lead / go before / govern'; the substantival participle ὁ ἡγούμενος ('leader / ruler / prince') renders נָגִיד; calling Hezekiah 'leader of my people' (τοῦ λαοῦ μου) frames his life as bound up with the covenant nation, not merely personal.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with λαοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive (object of the participial idea: 'leader of the people')→ relational specificationλαός: 'people'; renders עַם; the covenant designation for Israel; the possessive μου ('my people') marks YHWH's claim on the nation Hezekiah governs.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying λαοῦ)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying λαοῦ).
τάδεthusAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of λέγει: content of the oracle)→ participant referenceὅδε: τάδε λέγει κύριος, the prophetic messenger-formula (= כֹּה אָמַר יהוה); the second occurrence in the chapter, now introducing the word of reprieve.
λέγειsaysPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of messenger-formula (historic present)→ historic present (immediacy of the divine word)λέγω (pres.): the citation-formula present, giving the oracle living authority.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of λέγει (divine speaker)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here expanded by the apposition ὁ θεὸς Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρός σου, grounding the reprieve in the Davidic covenant.
theNominativearticle (with θεὸς, in apposition to κύριος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodNominativenominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהֵי; ὁ θεὸς Δαυιδ ('the God of David') invokes the dynastic covenant (2 Sam 7) as the basis for Hezekiah's deliverance — the same ground appealed to in v. 6 (διὰ Δαυιδ τὸν δοῦλόν μου).
ΔαυιδDavidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'God of David')→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: transliteration of Hebrew דָּוִד; indeclinable in the LXX, hence kind 'x' with no case value; functions as a genitive of relationship with θεός.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with πατρός, in apposition to Δαυιδ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρόςfatherGenitivegenitive in apposition to Δαυιδ ('David your father')→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father / forefather'; renders אָב; David is Hezekiah's 'father' in the dynastic sense (ancestor of the royal line), the covenant figure on whose account the city is preserved.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying πατρός)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying πατρός).
ἤκουσαI have heardAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (divine response to the prayer)→ constative aorist (completed act of hearing, with present relevance)ἀκούω: 'hear / heed'; ἤκουσα τῆς προσευχῆς σου answers the ηὔξατο of v. 2 — YHWH has heard and will act; the genitive object (τῆς προσευχῆς) is the regular construction for hearing a sound/utterance.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with προσευχῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχῆςprayerGenitivegenitive object of ἤκουσα→ relational specificationπροσευχή: 'prayer'; renders תְּפִלָּה; the noun corresponds to the verb ηὔξατο (v. 2), confirming that the king's petition has reached and moved YHWH.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying προσευχῆς)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying προσευχῆς).
εἶδονI have seenAor Act Indic 1 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (divine response to the tears)→ constative aorist (completed act of seeing, with present relevance)ὁράω (aor. εἶδον): 'see / perceive'; εἶδον τὰ δάκρυά σου answers the ἔκλαυσεν of v. 3 — the king's tears have been seen; the paired ἤκουσα … εἶδον is a Hebraic doublet of divine attentiveness.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with δάκρυά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δάκρυάtearsAccusativedirect object of εἶδον→ object specificationδάκρυον: 'tear'; renders דִּמְעָה; the tears of v. 3's κλαυθμός are now explicitly the object of divine sight — the prayer is heard and the grief is seen.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δάκρυά)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying δάκρυά).
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (drawing attention to the announcement)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; the presentative particle highlights the dramatic reversal that follows — the divine 'I will heal you.'
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun: YHWH himself)→ participant referenceἐγώ: the emphatic pronoun stresses YHWH's direct personal agency in the healing — it is the LORD himself who reverses the sentence.
ἰάσομαίwill healFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἰάομαιmain verb (divine announcement of healing)→ predictive future (certain divine act of healing)ἰάομαι: 'heal / cure'; renders רָפָא; the first-person future answers the death-sentence of v. 1 — YHWH is the true physician; the fig-poultice of v. 7 is the means, not the cause.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of ἰάσομαι→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἰάσομαι.
τῇthe / on theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when: 'on the third day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ ('on the third day') specifies the time of the cure and the temple-ascent, a concrete near-term confirmation of the oracle.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive with τρίτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: 'third'; the article-repeating attributive τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ renders בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי; the 'third day' is a recurrent biblical marker of decisive divine action.
ἀναβήσῃyou shall go upFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (predicted temple-ascent)→ predictive future (the king's recovery proven by going up to the temple)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; renders עָלָה; going up to the house of the LORD is the proof of restored health — a cultic confirmation echoed in Hezekiah's request for a sign (v. 8, ἀναβήσομαι εἰς οἶκον κυρίου).
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the temple)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; οἶκος κυρίου ('house of the LORD') is the standard LXX designation for the Jerusalem temple (בֵּית יהוה); the king's restored access to it is the visible token of his healing.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἶκον: 'the LORD's house')→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the temple is YHWH's house, the goal of the king's recovered ascent.
6

καὶ προσθήσω ἐπὶ τὰς ἡμέρας σου πέντε καὶ δέκα ἔτη καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων σώσω σε καὶ τὴν πόλιν ταύτην καὶ ὑπερασπιῶ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ταύτης δι᾿ ἐμὲ καὶ διὰ Δαυιδ τὸν δοῦλόν μου

'And I will add to your days fifteen years, and I will save you and this city from the hand of the king of the Assyrians, and I will shield this city, for my own sake and for the sake of David my servant.'

Continuation of the oracle: the added years and the deliverance promiseκαὶ προσθήσω
The oracle's second half supplies the two great gifts: fifteen added years (πέντε καὶ δέκα ἔτη) and deliverance of king and city from the Assyrian. The double motivation δι᾿ ἐμὲ καὶ διὰ Δαυιδ ('for my own sake and for David my servant's sake') is the theological signature of the Zion-deliverance tradition, repeated from 4 Kgdms 19:34.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing the oracle)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσθήσωI will addFut Act Indic 1 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (divine announcement of added years)→ predictive future (certain divine gift of life)προστίθημι: 'add / add to'; renders יָסַף; προσθήσω ἐπὶ τὰς ἡμέρας σου ('I will add to your days') is the idiom for granting extended life — the precise reversal of the death-sentence of v. 1.
ἐπὶto / uponpreposition + accusative (addition: 'to your days')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addition: 'to your days').
τὰςthe / yourAccusativearticle (with ἡμέρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the lifespan to which years are added)→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; here in the idiomatic plural 'days' = lifespan (יָמִים); the years are added to the days already allotted.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ἡμέρας).
πέντεfivecardinal numeral (with δέκα: 'fifteen')→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable cardinal, but classified as kind 'n' (numeral); πέντε καὶ δέκα ('five and ten' = fifteen) renders חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה — the precise span of life granted.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (with πέντε: 'fifteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal classified as kind 'n'; the compound πέντε καὶ δέκα = fifteen, the additional years promised.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of extent (the measure of added time)→ object specificationἔτος: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the accusative ἔτη is the direct object/extent of προσθήσω — fifteen years of life are the substance of the divine gift.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source / deliverance from)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'out of / from'; ἐκ χειρός ('from the hand of') is a Hebraism (מִיַּד) for deliverance from someone's power.
χειρὸςhandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (power from which deliverance comes)→ relational specificationχείρ: 'hand'; renders יָד; 'hand' as a metonym for power or grasp; ἐκ χειρὸς βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων = deliverance from Assyrian domination.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying χειρός: 'the king's hand')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the Assyrian king is the threat from whom YHWH promises to save — this links the episode to the Sennacherib crisis of chs. 18–19.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansGenitivegenitive (modifying βασιλέως: 'king of the Assyrians')→ relational specificationἈσσύριοι: 'Assyrians'; gentilic plural rendering אַשּׁוּר; declinable, hence kind 'n' with case; the Assyrian threat is the political danger from which the city is to be preserved.
σώσωI will saveFut Act Indic 1 Sg · σῴζωmain verb (divine deliverance of king and city)→ predictive future (certain divine act of rescue)σῴζω: 'save / deliver / rescue'; renders יָשַׁע / נָצַל; the first-person σώσω makes YHWH the deliverer of both king and city from the Assyrian power.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of σώσω→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of σώσω.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the second object)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativedirect object of σώσω (coordinate with σε)→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; renders עִיר; the city is Jerusalem; its deliverance is bound to the king's, both saved together from the Assyrian.
ταύτηνthisAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying πόλιν)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the near-demonstrative ταύτην points to Jerusalem as the specific city under divine protection.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερασπιῶI will shieldFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ὑπερασπίζωmain verb (divine protection of the city)→ predictive future (certain divine defense)ὑπερασπίζω: 'hold a shield over / protect / defend'; from ὑπέρ + ἀσπίς ('shield'); renders גָּנַן ('cover / defend'); the vivid military metaphor portrays YHWH personally shielding Jerusalem — repeated verbatim from the deliverance oracle of 4 Kgdms 19:34.
ὑπὲρover / forpreposition + genitive (on behalf of)→ spatial or relational framingὑπέρ + gen.: 'over / on behalf of'; with ὑπερασπιῶ it reinforces the shielding image — YHWH holds protection over the city's behalf.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with πόλεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityGenitivegenitive object of ὑπέρ (the city defended)→ relational specificationπόλις (gen. πόλεως): 'city'; Jerusalem again, now the beneficiary of YHWH's shielding.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying πόλεως)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; the demonstrative again specifies Jerusalem.
δι᾿for the sake ofpreposition + accusative (cause / motive, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + acc.: 'because of / for the sake of'; here giving the double motivation for the deliverance: YHWH's own sake and David's.
ἐμὲmeAccusativeaccusative object of διά (first motive: YHWH's own sake)→ participant referenceἐγώ (acc. ἐμέ): the emphatic pronoun; δι᾿ ἐμέ ('for my own sake') grounds the deliverance in YHWH's own honor and covenant fidelity, not in the city's merit.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the second motive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰfor the sake ofpreposition + accusative (cause / motive)→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (cause / motive).
ΔαυιδDavidaccusative object of διά (indeclinable: second motive)→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable name (kind 'x', no case); διὰ Δαυιδ τὸν δοῦλόν μου ('for the sake of David my servant') invokes the Davidic covenant as the historical-theological ground of Jerusalem's preservation.
τὸνthe / myAccusativearticle (with δοῦλόν, in apposition to Δαυιδ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόνservantAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Δαυιδ ('David my servant')→ object specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; renders עֶבֶד; 'David my servant' is the covenant title of the ideal king (cf. 2 Sam 7:5; 3 Kgdms 11:13) on whose account the dynasty and city are spared.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δοῦλόν)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying δοῦλόν).
7

καὶ εἶπεν λαβέτωσαν παλάθην σύκων καὶ ἐπιθέτωσαν ἐπὶ τὸ ἕλκος καὶ ὑγιάσει

And he said, 'Let them take a cake of figs and lay it on the ulcer, and he shall recover.'

Narrative continuation: the prophetic prescription of the cureκαὶ εἶπεν
Isaiah prescribes the concrete means of healing — a fig-poultice on the boil. The third-person imperatives λαβέτωσαν … ἐπιθέτωσαν direct the attendants; the future ὑγιάσει affirms recovery. The natural remedy does not displace the divine ἰάσομαι of v. 5 but serves as its instrument and sign.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction; subject Isaiah)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν, with Isaiah implied as subject, introduces the prescription of the cure.
λαβέτωσανlet them takeAor Act Impv 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (third-person imperative to attendants)→ aorist imperative (decisive directive)λαμβάνω: 'take / get'; renders יִשְׂאוּ / קְחוּ; the third-person plural imperative directs the king's attendants to fetch the fig-cake.
παλάθηνcake / lumpAccusativedirect object of λαβέτωσαν→ object specificationπαλάθη: 'cake / pressed lump (of dried fruit)'; renders דְּבֵלָה; a παλάθη σύκων is a pressed cake of figs, here used medicinally as a poultice for the ulcer.
σύκωνof figsGenitivegenitive of material (modifying παλάθην: 'cake of figs')→ relational specificationσῦκον: 'fig'; renders תְּאֵנִים; the genitive of material specifies the substance of the poultice; figs were a known traditional remedy for boils and swellings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιθέτωσανlet them lay onAor Act Impv 3 Pl · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (third-person imperative, coordinate with λαβέτωσαν)→ aorist imperative (decisive directive)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / lay on / apply'; renders שִׂים / מָרַח; the attendants are to apply the fig-poultice directly onto the diseased spot.
ἐπὶon / uponpreposition + accusative (place onto which)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (place onto which).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἕλκος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕλκοςulcer / boilAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the diseased spot)→ object specificationἕλκος: 'sore / ulcer / boil'; renders שְׁחִין; the same term used for the plague-boils of Exod 9:9; here it names the specific affliction that brought Hezekiah near death.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑγιάσειhe shall recoverFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ὑγιάζωmain verb (predicted recovery)→ predictive future (assured restoration to health)ὑγιάζω: 'make/become healthy, recover'; renders חָיָה / רָפָא; the future ὑγιάσει affirms the certain result — the king will be restored to health, fulfilling YHWH's ἰάσομαι of v. 5.
8

καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας πρὸς Ησαιαν τί τὸ σημεῖον ὅτι ἰάσεταί με κύριος καὶ ἀναβήσομαι εἰς οἶκον κυρίου τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ

And Hezekiah said to Isaiah, 'What is the sign that the LORD will heal me, and that I shall go up to the house of the LORD on the third day?'

Narrative continuation: the king's request for a confirming signκαὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας
Hezekiah asks for a σημεῖον ('sign') to confirm the oracle, echoing v. 5's promise back almost verbatim (ἰάσεται … ἀναβήσομαι … τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ). The request is not unbelief but the seeking of a divine pledge, setting up the sign of the shadow in vv. 9–11.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces the king's question to the prophet.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΗσαιανIsaiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΗσαιας (acc. Ησαιαν): declinable name; accusative as directional object of πρός.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate of the verbless question)→ participant referenceτίς, τί: interrogative pronoun 'who? / what?'; τί τὸ σημεῖον ('what is the sign?') is a verbless nominal question (Hebrew מָה הָאוֹת) seeking a confirming token.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with σημεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖονsignNominativesubject of the verbless question→ participant prominenceσημεῖον: 'sign / token'; renders אוֹת; a σημεῖον is a confirmatory pledge guaranteeing a divine word; Hezekiah seeks assurance that the promised healing and temple-ascent will come to pass.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the content the sign confirms)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: here introducing the content/object that the sign is to guarantee — 'the sign that the LORD will heal me.'
ἰάσεταίwill healFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἰάομαιverb of the ὅτι-clause (content of the sign)→ predictive future (the promised healing)ἰάομαι: 'heal'; the king repeats back YHWH's own word from v. 5 (ἰάσομαί σε), now in the third person — the sign is to confirm precisely this promise.
μεmeAccusativedirect object of ἰάσεται→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἰάσεται.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἰάσεται→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; YHWH is named as the healer whose promise the sign will confirm.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the second content-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσομαιI shall go upFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of coordinate content-clause (the temple-ascent)→ predictive future (the promised recovery proven by temple-ascent)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; the king echoes v. 5's ἀναβήσῃ — the proof of healing is restored access to the house of the LORD on the third day.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
οἶκονhouseAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the temple)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; οἶκος κυρίου = the temple, the goal of the recovered king's ascent.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἶκον)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the temple as YHWH's house.
τῇthe / on theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when: 'on the third day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the king repeats v. 5's τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ, the appointed time for the cure and the temple-visit.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive with τρίτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: 'third'; the third day as the appointed moment of fulfillment, echoing the oracle of v. 5.
9

καὶ εἶπεν Ησαιας τοῦτο τὸ σημεῖον παρὰ κυρίου ὅτι ποιήσει κύριος τὸν λόγον ὃν ἐλάλησεν πορεύσεται ἡ σκιὰ δέκα βαθμούς ἐὰν ἐπιστρέφῃ δέκα βαθμούς

And Isaiah said, 'This is the sign from the LORD that the LORD will do the word which he has spoken: shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or shall it go back ten steps?'

Narrative continuation: Isaiah offers the sign and its alternativesκαὶ εἶπεν Ησαιας
Isaiah presents the σημεῖον as guarantee that YHWH will perform his word (ποιήσει κύριος τὸν λόγον). The sign concerns the shadow on the stairway (βαθμοί, 'steps/degrees'): a choice between forward advance and reversal. The Greek phrasing is elliptical/textually compressed, posing the two options that Hezekiah will adjudicate in v. 10.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces Isaiah's offer of the sign.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΗσαιας: meaning 'Isaiah'; it serves as subject.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of verbless clause)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; τοῦτο τὸ σημεῖον ('this is the sign') is a verbless presentative clause pointing forward to the prodigy of the shadow.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with σημεῖον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημεῖονsignNominativepredicate nominative (the sign offered)→ participant prominenceσημεῖον: 'sign / token'; the prophet now supplies the σημεῖον the king requested in v. 8 — a guarantee, given παρὰ κυρίου ('from the LORD').
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of) / from'; marks the sign's divine origin — it proceeds from YHWH, not from the prophet's own power.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source of the sign)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the sign's authority rests on YHWH as its source.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing what the sign confirms)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: introduces the content the sign guarantees — that YHWH will perform the word he has spoken.
ποιήσειwill doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of the ὅτι-clause (divine performance of the word)→ predictive future (certain fulfillment of the divine word)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; ποιήσει κύριος τὸν λόγον ('the LORD will perform the word') affirms that YHWH carries out what he speaks (cf. Isa 55:11) — the sign certifies this reliability.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ποιήσει→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; YHWH is the one who performs his spoken word.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λόγον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordAccusativedirect object of ποιήσει→ object specificationλόγος: 'word / matter'; renders דָּבָר; here the oracle of healing and deliverance (vv. 5–6) that YHWH will bring to pass.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν, modifying λόγον)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν ἐλάλησεν ('which he spoke') identifies the word as the very oracle just delivered.
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the prior speaking of the word)λαλέω: 'speak'; the aorist refers back to the oracle of vv. 5–6; the word once spoken will certainly be performed.
πορεύσεταιshall go / go forwardFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (first option of the sign: the shadow's advance)→ deliberative-predictive future (option posed for the sign)πορεύομαι: 'go / proceed'; here of the shadow advancing along the steps; πορεύσεται … δέκα βαθμούς presents the first (natural, forward) option, against which the reversal is set as the harder sign.
theNominativearticle (with σκιὰ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκιὰshadowNominativesubject of πορεύσεται→ participant prominenceσκιά: 'shadow / shade'; renders צֵל; the moving shadow on the stairway of Ahaz functions as a sundial-marker; its motion is the medium of the sign.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (modifying βαθμούς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal classified as kind 'n'; the measure of the shadow's motion — ten steps/degrees.
βαθμούςsteps / degreesAccusativeaccusative of extent (the span of the shadow's motion)→ object specificationβαθμός: 'step / stair / degree'; renders מַעֲלָה; the βαθμοί are the steps of the stairway (called ἀναβαθμοί in v. 11) that doubled as a sundial; the shadow's movement across them measures time.
ἐὰνor if / whetherconditional conjunction (introducing the alternative option)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if / whether'; here posing the alternative to πορεύσεται — whether instead the shadow should go back; the construction reflects the two-option offer made explicit in Hezekiah's reply (v. 10).
ἐπιστρέφῃit go backPres Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωverb of the conditional clause (second option: the shadow's reversal)→ present subjunctive (the alternative posed as a contingency)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the subjunctive with ἐάν frames the reversal as the alternative; the same verb-root names the actual prodigy in vv. 10–11 (ἐπιστραφήτω, ἐπέστρεψεν).
δέκαtencardinal numeral (modifying βαθμούς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the same measure applied to the reversal option.
βαθμούςsteps / degreesAccusativeaccusative of extent (span of the reverse motion)→ object specificationβαθμός: 'step / degree'; the unit of the shadow's reverse motion across the stairway-dial.
10

καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας κοῦφον τὴν σκιὰν κλῖναι δέκα βαθμούς οὐχί ἀλλ᾿ ἐπιστραφήτω ἡ σκιὰ δέκα βαθμοὺς εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω

And Hezekiah said, 'It is a light thing for the shadow to incline ten steps; no, but let the shadow go back ten steps backward.'

Narrative continuation: the king chooses the harder signκαὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας
Hezekiah reasons that the forward decline of the shadow is κοῦφον ('a light/easy thing') — the natural course — and so, with the emphatic οὐχί ἀλλά ('no, but rather'), he asks for the reversal as the more convincing prodigy, the shadow going back (εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω). The choice heightens the miracle's evidential force.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: the aorist εἶπεν introduces the king's reply choosing the sign.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
κοῦφονa light thing / easyNominativepredicate adjective (impersonal: 'it is a light thing')→ participant prominenceκοῦφος: 'light / easy / trivial'; renders נָקֵל; the neuter κοῦφον is used impersonally with the infinitive — 'it is an easy/light matter for the shadow to go forward,' i.e. too ordinary to serve as a convincing sign.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκιὰν, accusative subject of the infinitive)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκιὰνshadowAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive κλῖναι→ object specificationσκιά (acc. σκιάν): 'shadow'; the accusative subject of the articular infinitive construction κοῦφον … τὴν σκιὰν κλῖναι ('a light thing for the shadow to incline').
κλῖναιto incline / declineAor Act Inf · κλίνωcomplementary infinitive (with κοῦφον)→ aorist infinitive (the contemplated forward motion)κλίνω: 'bend / incline / decline'; renders נָטָה; here of the shadow inclining/lengthening forward along the steps — the easy, natural motion that Hezekiah rejects as too trivial for a sign.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (modifying βαθμούς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the measure of the forward inclination.
βαθμούςsteps / degreesAccusativeaccusative of extent (span of the inclination)→ object specificationβαθμός: 'step / degree'; the stairway-units across which the shadow would move forward.
οὐχίnoemphatic negative (rejecting the first option)→ clausal contributionοὐχί: emphatic form of οὐ, 'no / not at all'; sharply rejects the forward option in favor of the harder reversal — the οὐχί ἀλλά construction marks a strong contrast.
ἀλλ᾿butstrong adversative (elided before vowel)→ clausal contributionἀλλά: 'but / rather'; after οὐχί it introduces the preferred alternative — the reverse motion of the shadow.
ἐπιστραφήτωlet it go backAor Pass Impv 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (third-person imperative: the king's chosen sign)→ aorist passive imperative (request for the reverse prodigy)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the aorist passive imperative ἐπιστραφήτω ('let it be turned back') requests the harder, supernatural reversal — the shadow retreating against its natural course.
theNominativearticle (with σκιὰ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκιὰshadowNominativesubject of ἐπιστραφήτω→ participant prominenceσκιά: 'shadow'; the subject of the requested reversal.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (modifying βαθμοὺς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the measure of the reverse motion requested.
βαθμοὺςsteps / degreesAccusativeaccusative of extent (span of the reversal)→ object specificationβαθμός: 'step / degree'; the ten steps the shadow is to retreat.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction: 'backward')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: 'backward').
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing the adverb ὀπίσω)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωbackward / behindadverb (substantivized with τά: 'the things behind / backward')→ clausal contributionὀπίσω: 'behind / backward'; the adverb, here substantivized as εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω ('to the rear / backward'), renders אֲחֹרַנִּית; reinforces the unnatural, retrograde direction of the requested sign.
11

καὶ ἐβόησεν Ησαιας ὁ προφήτης πρὸς κύριον καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ἡ σκιὰ ἐν τοῖς ἀναβαθμοῖς εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω δέκα βαθμούς

And Isaiah the prophet cried out to the LORD, and the shadow went back on the stairway, backward ten steps.

Narrative resolution: the sign grantedκαὶ ἐβόησεν Ησαιας
The prophet's intercessory cry (ἐβόησεν … πρὸς κύριον) is immediately answered: the shadow retreats ten steps on the ἀναβαθμοί ('stairway'). The miracle confirms the oracle of healing and deliverance, sealing section B and closing the sign-episode.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcried outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βοάωmain verb (the prophet's intercession)→ constative aorist (single act of crying out)βοάω: 'cry out / call aloud'; renders קָרָא / זָעַק; the prophet's loud appeal to YHWH effects the prodigy — the sign comes in answer to prayer, not by the prophet's own power.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΗσαιας: meaning 'Isaiah'; it serves as subject.
theNominativearticle (with προφήτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetNominativenominative in apposition to Ησαιας→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; the title (as in v. 1) stresses that the prodigy is mediated through the prophetic office and intercession.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of the cry)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of the cry).
κύριονLORDAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (addressee of the cry)→ object specificationκύριος (acc. κύριον): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; YHWH is the one to whom the prophet cries and who performs the sign.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενwent backAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (the prodigy itself)→ constative aorist (the completed reversal)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn back / return'; the active aorist ἐπέστρεψεν narrates the fulfillment of the king's request (ἐπιστραφήτω, v. 10) — the shadow actually retreats; the same root unites request and fulfillment.
theNominativearticle (with σκιὰ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκιὰshadowNominativesubject of ἐπέστρεψεν→ participant prominenceσκιά: 'shadow'; the subject whose retrograde motion constitutes the granted sign.
ἐνon / inpreposition + dative (locative: 'on the stairway')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'on the stairway').
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ἀναβαθμοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβαθμοῖςstairway / stepsDativedative of place (with ἐν: where the shadow moved)→ sphere or referenceἀναβαθμός: 'stairway / flight of steps'; renders מַעֲלוֹת; the compound (ἀνα- + βαθμός) names the 'stairway of Ahaz' that served as a sundial; the shadow's retreat on these steps is the visible prodigy (cf. the βαθμοί of vv. 9–10).
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (direction: 'backward')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: 'backward').
τὰtheAccusativearticle (substantivizing ὀπίσω)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσωbackwardadverb (substantivized with τά: 'backward')→ clausal contributionὀπίσω: 'behind / backward'; εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω marks the retrograde direction of the fulfilled sign, exactly matching the king's request in v. 10.
δέκαtencardinal numeral (modifying βαθμούς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; the exact measure of the shadow's retreat, matching the requested span.
βαθμούςsteps / degreesAccusativeaccusative of extent (span of the retreat)→ object specificationβαθμός: 'step / degree'; the ten steps the shadow actually moved back, completing the sign.
12

ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀπέστειλεν Μαρωδαχβαλαδαν υἱὸς Βαλαδαν βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος βιβλία καὶ μαναα πρὸς Εζεκιαν ὅτι ἤκουσεν ὅτι ἠρρώστησεν Εζεκιας

At that time Marodach-baladan son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah, because he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick.

New narrative episode (the Babylonian embassy)ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ
The temporal frame ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ('at that time') opens section C, shifting from healing to the fateful Babylonian visit. The Babylonian king sends βιβλία ('letters') and μαναα (transliterated 'gift / tribute'); the doubled ὅτι gives the occasion (the report of Hezekiah's illness), subtly foreshadowing the exile-oracle to come.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with καιρῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtime / seasonDativedative of time (with ἐν: temporal frame)→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time / appointed time / season'; ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ renders בָּעֵת הַהִיא, a stock episode-opener loosely linking the embassy to the period of Hezekiah's recovery.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the far-demonstrative dates the episode loosely to the time of the foregoing events.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the Babylonian king's action)→ constative aorist (single completed sending)ἀποστέλλω: 'send (with a commission)'; renders שָׁלַח; the Babylonian king dispatches an official embassy with letters and a gift — a diplomatic overture with ominous narrative consequences.
ΜαρωδαχβαλαδανMarodach-baladansubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜαρωδαχβαλαδαν: transliteration of Hebrew מְרֹאדַךְ בַּלְאֲדָן (Akkadian Marduk-apla-iddina), the Chaldean king of Babylon; indeclinable in the LXX, hence kind 'x' with no case value.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Μαρωδαχβαλαδαν (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; υἱὸς Βαλαδαν renders בֶּן־בַּלְאֲדָן, the patronymic of the Babylonian king.
ΒαλαδανBaladangenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)→ participant identificationΒαλαδαν: transliteration of Hebrew בַּלְאֲדָן; indeclinable (kind 'x', no case); functions as a genitive of relationship with υἱός.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Μαρωδαχβαλαδαν (title)→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the title 'king of Babylon' marks the diplomatic weight of the embassy and foreshadows Babylon's later role as the agent of exile.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive (modifying βασιλεὺς: 'king of Babylon')→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): 'Babylon'; renders בָּבֶל; declinable, hence kind 'n' with case; the city/empire that will become the destination of Judah's treasures and sons (vv. 17–18).
βιβλίαletters / documentsAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationβιβλίον: 'book / document / letter'; renders סְפָרִים; the plural here denotes diplomatic letters accompanying the embassy.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μανααa gift / tributedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν (indeclinable loanword)→ clausal contributionμαναα: a transliteration of Hebrew מִנְחָה ('gift / tribute / offering'); left untranslated as an indeclinable loanword in the LXX, hence kind 'x' with no case; here a diplomatic present accompanying the letters.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΕζεκιανHezekiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of the embassy)→ object specificationΕζεκιας (acc. Εζεκιαν): declinable name; the accusative as recipient of the letters and gift.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction (reason for sending)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the occasion of the embassy — the report of Hezekiah's illness (and, by implication, the marvel of his recovery).
ἤκουσενhe had heardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (prior reception of the news)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the Babylonian king heard of Hezekiah's illness — the news that prompted his diplomatic overture.
ὅτιthatconjunction (introducing the content heard)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: here introducing the object of ἤκουσεν — the content of the report.
ἠρρώστησενhad been sickAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀρρωστέωverb of content-clause (what was heard)→ constative aorist (the reported illness)ἀρρωστέω: 'be sick / fall ill'; the same verb that opened the chapter (v. 1); the report of Hezekiah's near-fatal illness is the pretext for the embassy.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject of ἠρρώστησεν→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject of ἠρρώστησεν.
13

καὶ ἐχάρη ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς Εζεκιας καὶ ἔδειξεν αὐτοῖς ὅλον τὸν οἶκον τοῦ νεχωθα τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ τὸ χρυσίον τὰ ἀρώματα καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον τὸ ἀγαθόν καὶ τὸν οἶκον τῶν σκευῶν καὶ ὅσα ηὑρέθη ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἦν λόγος ὃν οὐκ ἔδειξεν αὐτοῖς Εζεκιας ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ

And Hezekiah rejoiced over them and showed them the whole treasure-house — the silver and the gold, the spices and the fine oil — and the armory and all that was found among his treasures; there was nothing that Hezekiah did not show them in his house and in all his domain.

Narrative continuation: Hezekiah's display of his treasuresκαὶ ἐχάρη ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς
Hezekiah's joy (ἐχάρη) over the embassy leads to an exhaustive display: the catalogue of silver, gold, spices, fine oil, and armory culminates in the emphatic οὐκ ἦν λόγος ὃν οὐκ ἔδειξεν ('there was nothing he did not show'), a Hebraizing double negation stressing total disclosure. The unguarded openness sets up Isaiah's interrogation and the exile-oracle that follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 55 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχάρηrejoicedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · χαίρωmain verb (Hezekiah's reaction)→ ingressive aorist (was gladdened, became joyful)χαίρω (aor. pass. ἐχάρη): 'rejoice / be glad'; renders שָׂמַח; the king's joy over the foreign embassy — flattered by Babylon's attention — motivates the imprudent display; the deponent-passive aorist is the regular form for 'rejoiced.'
ἐπ᾿over / atpreposition + dative (cause/occasion of joy, elided)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'over / at / on account of'; with ἐχάρη it marks the envoys (or their visit) as the occasion of the king's gladness.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐπί (the envoys)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐπί (the envoys).
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδειξενshowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δείκνυμιmain verb (the display)→ constative aorist (the act of showing)δείκνυμι: 'show / display / point out'; renders רָאָה (Hiphil); the verb governs the whole catalogue of treasures; its repetition in the verse (ἔδειξεν … οὐκ ἔδειξεν) stresses the comprehensiveness of the disclosure.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object of ἔδειξεν (the envoys)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object of ἔδειξεν (the envoys).
ὅλονwhole / allAccusativeadjective (modifying τὸν οἶκον: 'the whole house')→ object specificationὅλος: 'whole / entire'; renders כָּל; ὅλον τὸν οἶκον emphasizes that the entire treasure-house was opened to foreign view — nothing held back.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / storehouseAccusativedirect object of ἔδειξεν→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; here the treasure-/store-house qualified by τοῦ νεχωθα; the recurring οἶκος-motif of the chapter (cf. vv. 1, 5, 8, 15, 18) culminates ominously in the house whose contents will go to Babylon.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with the loanword νεχωθα)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεχωθαof the treasury (nekhoth)genitive of relationship (indeclinable loanword qualifying οἶκον)→ clausal contributionνεχωθα: a transliteration of Hebrew נְכֹת ('treasure / spicery / precious things'), left untranslated as an indeclinable loanword (kind 'x', no case); ὁ οἶκος τοῦ νεχωθα = 'the treasure-/spice-house,' the royal storehouse of valuables. Note the article τοῦ stands, but the loanword itself does not decline.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀργύριον, beginning the inventory)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverAccusativeaccusative in apposition to οἶκον (inventory item)→ object specificationἀργύριον: 'silver / money'; renders כֶּסֶף; first item in the catalogue of royal treasure shown to the Babylonians — the very wealth the oracle says will be carried off (v. 17).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativeaccusative inventory item (coordinate with ἀργύριον)→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; renders זָהָב; the silver-and-gold pairing is the standard merism for portable royal wealth.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἀρώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρώματαspicesAccusativeaccusative inventory item→ object specificationἄρωμα: 'spice / aromatic / perfume'; renders בְּשָׂמִים; precious aromatics formed a major component of ancient royal treasuries (cf. the queen of Sheba's gifts, 3 Kgdms 10:2).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἔλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilAccusativeaccusative inventory item→ object specificationἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; fine oil was a valuable commodity and trade good; qualified here as τὸ ἀγαθόν ('the good / fine').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive with ἀγαθόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαθόνgood / fineAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔλαιον: 'the fine oil')→ object specificationἀγαθός: 'good / fine'; the article-repeating attributive τὸ ἔλαιον τὸ ἀγαθόν marks the oil as of premium quality — the choicest of the royal stores.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with οἶκον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / storeAccusativeaccusative inventory item ('the armory / house of vessels')→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house'; ὁ οἶκος τῶν σκευῶν ('the house of the vessels/weapons') is the armory or storehouse of equipment — the military stores are shown along with the wealth.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with σκευῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκευῶνvessels / weapons / equipmentGenitivegenitive (modifying οἶκον: 'house of vessels/arms')→ relational specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel / implement / equipment / weapon'; renders כְּלִי; ὁ οἶκος τῶν σκευῶν is the arsenal/store of equipment (cf. בֵּית כֵּלָיו) — showing it betrays Judah's military resources.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαwhatever / all thatNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ηὑρέθη)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; the neuter plural ὅσα generalizes the catalogue — everything else in the treasuries was likewise shown.
ηὑρέθηwas foundAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb of relative clause (what was in the treasuries)→ constative aorist (passive: what was found there)εὑρίσκω (aor. pass. ηὑρέθη): 'find'; the passive 'was found / could be found' totalizes the inventory — whatever existed among his treasures was put on view.
ἐνin / amongpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with θησαυροῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροῖςtreasuries / storehousesDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'among his treasures')→ sphere or referenceθησαυρός: 'treasure / treasury / storehouse'; renders אוֹצָר; the royal treasuries whose contents — soon to be plundered — are paraded before the Babylonians (cf. the same word at v. 15).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying θησαυροῖς)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying θησαυροῖς).
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: objective negation; opens the emphatic double-negative summary οὐκ ἦν λόγος ὃν οὐκ ἔδειξεν.
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential: there was not a thing)→ imperfect of existence (summarizing state of disclosure)εἰμί (impf.): 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἦν λόγος ('there was no thing/matter') is an existential construction; with the following relative the double negative totalizes — absolutely everything was shown.
λόγοςthing / matterNominativesubject of ἦν→ participant prominenceλόγος: here 'thing / matter / item' (rendering דָּבָר in its broad sense); οὐκ ἦν λόγος = 'there was no thing' — i.e. not a single item was withheld.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδειξεν, modifying λόγος)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν οὐκ ἔδειξεν forms the second half of the double negation — 'no thing which he did not show.'
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔδειξεν, second negation)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: the second negative; the Hebraizing double negation (οὐκ ἦν … ὃν οὐκ ἔδειξεν) is an emphatic way of asserting total disclosure.
ἔδειξενshowedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δείκνυμιverb of relative clause (negated: 'did not show')→ constative aorist (the act of showing, here negated)δείκνυμι: 'show'; the negated repetition seals the totalizing point — there was nothing Hezekiah failed to display.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object of ἔδειξεν (the envoys)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object of ἔδειξεν (the envoys).
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject of ἔδειξεν→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject of ἔδειξεν.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in his house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the royal residence/palace whose every store was opened to the Babylonians.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πάσῃallDativeadjective (modifying ἐξουσίᾳ: 'all his domain')→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; πάσῃ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ ('in all his domain/realm of authority') extends the disclosure beyond the palace to the whole sphere of the king's power.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἐξουσίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξουσίᾳdomain / authorityDativedative of place/sphere (with ἐν: 'in all his realm')→ sphere or referenceἐξουσία: 'authority / power / domain'; renders מֶמְשָׁלָה ('dominion'); here in the concrete sense of the realm or sphere under Hezekiah's control — nothing within it was hidden from the envoys.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἐξουσίᾳ)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ἐξουσίᾳ).
14

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ησαιας ὁ προφήτης πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Εζεκιαν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν τί ἐλάλησαν οἱ ἄνδρες οὗτοι καὶ πόθεν ἥκασιν πρὸς σέ καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας ἐκ γῆς πόρρωθεν ἥκασιν πρός με ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος

And Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah and said to him, 'What did these men say, and from where have they come to you?' And Hezekiah said, 'They have come to me from a far country, from Babylon.'

Narrative continuation: the prophet's interrogationκαὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ησαιας
Isaiah enters and cross-examines the king with two questions — what the men said and whence they came. Hezekiah's answer 'from a far country, from Babylon' (ἐκ γῆς πόρρωθεν … ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος) names the very power whose distance makes the showing of treasures so dangerous, ironically anticipating the exile-oracle of vv. 16–18.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενcame inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (the prophet's arrival)→ constative aorist (single entry)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / come in'; the same verb that opened the chapter (v. 1) — Isaiah again comes to the king, now not with healing but with judgment.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΗσαιας: meaning 'Isaiah'; it serves as subject.
theNominativearticle (with προφήτης)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηςprophetNominativenominative in apposition to Ησαιας→ participant prominenceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; the title (cf. vv. 1, 11) frames the interrogation as a prophetic confrontation, not mere curiosity.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (apposed to Εζεκιαν)→ object specificationβασιλεύς (acc. βασιλέα): 'king'; the title τὸν βασιλέα Εζεκιαν ('King Hezekiah') gives the scene official weight — the prophet addresses the king in his royal capacity.
ΕζεκιανHezekiahAccusativeaccusative in apposition to βασιλέα→ object specificationΕζεκιας (acc. Εζεκιαν): declinable name; accusative in apposition to βασιλέα.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the prophet's interrogating questions.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (Hezekiah)→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (Hezekiah).
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησαν)→ participant referenceτίς, τί: interrogative 'what?'; τί ἐλάλησαν ('what did they say?') is the prophet's first probing question about the embassy.
ἐλάλησανdid they sayAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαλέωverb of the interrogative clause→ constative aorist (the envoys' speech)λαλέω: 'speak / say'; the aorist plural inquires after the content of the foreign envoys' communication.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄνδρες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of ἐλάλησαν→ participant prominenceἀνήρ (pl. ἄνδρες): 'man'; renders אֲנָשִׁים; the envoys are 'these men' — the prophet's deliberately distancing reference to the foreign delegation.
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἄνδρες)→ participant prominenceοὗτος: 'this / these'; the near-demonstrative οὗτοι points to the just-departed envoys, the subject of the interrogation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the second question)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόθενfrom whereinterrogative adverb (of source)→ clausal contributionπόθεν: 'from where? / whence?'; the prophet's second question probes the envoys' origin — eliciting the dangerous answer 'from Babylon.'
ἥκασινhave they comePerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωverb of the interrogative clause (their arrival)→ perfect-stative (have come and are present)ἥκω: 'have come / be present'; the perfect-like form ἥκασιν expresses arrival with continuing presence — they have come and are here; renders בָּאוּ.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (goal of coming)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal of coming).
σέyouAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the king's reply)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces Hezekiah's candid answer.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςland / countryGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source: 'from a land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth / country'; renders אֶרֶץ; ἐκ γῆς πόρρωθεν = 'from a distant country' — the very distance that should have warned the king against the display.
πόρρωθενfar away / distantadverb (qualifying γῆς: 'a land far off')→ clausal contributionπόρρωθεν: 'from afar / far off'; the adverb stresses the remoteness of Babylon — rendering מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֹקָה; the great distance heightens both the flattery felt by Hezekiah and the irony of the coming exile to that very land.
ἥκασινthey have comePerf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἥκωmain verb (the king's statement of their coming)→ perfect-stative (have come and are present)ἥκω: 'have come / be present'; the king echoes the prophet's verb, confirming the envoys' arrival from afar.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
μεmeAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the king)→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the king).
ἐκfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (source, specifying the country)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source, specifying the country).
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the specific origin)→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): 'Babylon'; renders בָּבֶל; declinable, hence kind 'n' with case; the king names Babylon explicitly — the power to which his treasures and descendants will be carried (vv. 17–18).
15

καὶ εἶπεν τί εἶδον ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου καὶ εἶπεν πάντα ὅσα ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου εἶδον οὐκ ἦν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ μου ὃ οὐκ ἔδειξα αὐτοῖς ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς μου

And he said, 'What did they see in your house?' And Hezekiah said, 'Everything that is in my house they saw; there was nothing in my house that I did not show them, but also the things in my treasuries.'

Narrative continuation: the prophet's third question and the king's full admissionκαὶ εἶπεν
Isaiah's third question (τί εἶδον …;) draws from Hezekiah a complete admission — πάντα … οὐκ ἦν … ὃ οὐκ ἔδειξα — that mirrors the narrator's summary of v. 13 nearly word for word. The king has hidden nothing, even the treasuries (τὰ ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς), which sets the legal-prophetic ground for the verdict that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the prophet's question; subject Isaiah implied)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces Isaiah's third question, narrowing from 'what did they say / whence' (v. 14) to 'what did they see.'
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of εἶδον)→ participant referenceτίς, τί: interrogative 'what?'; the question probes the extent of what the envoys were shown.
εἶδονdid they seeAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωverb of interrogative clause→ constative aorist (the envoys' seeing)ὁράω (aor. εἶδον): 'see'; here 3rd plural ('what did they see?'); the verb is repeated in the king's answer (εἶδον, 1st position) — what was shown was indeed seen.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in your house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the royal residence and its stores, the focus of the prophet's inquiry.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (the king's reply)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces Hezekiah's full confession of total disclosure.
πάνταeverything / allAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of εἶδον: 'all things')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / everything'; the neuter plural πάντα fronts the king's answer emphatically — 'everything … they saw' — admitting the totality of the display.
ὅσαas much as / that isNominativerelative pronoun (introducing relative clause modifying πάντα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; πάντα ὅσα ('all that') totalizes the contents of the house seen by the envoys.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷthe / myDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in my house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the king's own residence whose entire contents were on view.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ).
εἶδονthey sawAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ὁράωmain verb of the king's reply (the envoys' seeing)→ constative aorist (completed seeing)ὁράω (aor. εἶδον): 'see'; the king confirms the envoys saw everything in the house — the full extent of the disclosure.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἦν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: opens the emphatic double-negation οὐκ ἦν … ὃ οὐκ ἔδειξα, mirroring the narrator's summary of v. 13.
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (existential: there was nothing)→ imperfect of existence (state of total disclosure)εἰμί (impf.): 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἦν … ὃ οὐκ ἔδειξα is the king's own double-negative confession: there was nothing he failed to show.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷthe / myDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in my house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the locus of the disclosure, repeated for emphasis.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ).
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔδειξα; antecedent the implied 'thing')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃ οὐκ ἔδειξα ('which I did not show') completes the double negation — nothing was withheld.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἔδειξα, second negation)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: the second negative of the Hebraizing double-negative construction asserting total disclosure.
ἔδειξαI showedAor Act Indic 1 Sg · δείκνυμιverb of relative clause (negated: 'I did not show')→ constative aorist (the king's act of showing, negated)δείκνυμι: 'show'; the first-person ἔδειξα makes the king's own admission unambiguous — by his own hand everything was displayed.
αὐτοῖςthemDativeindirect object of ἔδειξα (the envoys)→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as indirect object of ἔδειξα (the envoys).
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction (intensifying addition: 'but indeed also')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: 'but / moreover'; here in the sense 'but even / yes, also' — extending the admission beyond the house to the treasuries, heightening the completeness of the disclosure.
καὶalso / evenadverbial intensifier (with τὰ ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: ascensive 'even / also'; ἀλλὰ καί ('but also / yes, even') marks the climactic extension — the very treasuries were not exempt from the showing.
τὰthe thingsAccusativesubstantival article (object: 'the things in my treasuries')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (neut. pl. τά): the substantival article 'the things'; τὰ ἐν τοῖς θησαυροῖς μου = 'the contents of my treasuries,' the most sensitive holdings, also shown.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with θησαυροῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροῖςtreasuriesDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in my treasuries')→ sphere or referenceθησαυρός: 'treasury / storehouse'; the same word as in v. 13; the king admits even the treasuries' contents were displayed — the very wealth the oracle says will be deported (v. 17).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying θησαυροῖς)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying θησαυροῖς).
16

καὶ εἶπεν Ησαιας πρὸς Εζεκιαν ἄκουσον λόγον κυρίου

And Isaiah said to Hezekiah, 'Hear the word of the LORD.'

Narrative transition: the prophetic summons to hearκαὶ εἶπεν Ησαιας
The terse summons ἄκουσον λόγον κυρίου ('hear the word of the LORD') is the standard prophetic call to attention that launches an oracle of judgment (cf. 3 Kgdms 22:19; Amos 7:16); it marks the pivot from interrogation to verdict.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the prophetic summons and the oracle of judgment that follows in vv. 17–18.
ΗσαιαςIsaiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΗσαιας: meaning 'Isaiah'; it serves as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΕζεκιανHezekiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΕζεκιας (acc. Εζεκιαν): declinable name; accusative as directional object of πρός.
ἄκουσονhearAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἀκούωmain verb (prophetic imperative)→ aorist imperative (summons to attentive hearing)ἀκούω: 'hear / listen / heed'; renders שְׁמַע; the imperative ἄκουσον λόγον κυρίου is the formulaic prophetic call to hear an authoritative divine word — here a sentence of judgment.
λόγονwordAccusativedirect object of ἄκουσον→ object specificationλόγος: 'word'; renders דְּבַר; λόγον κυρίου ('the word of the LORD') designates the prophetic oracle as YHWH's authoritative utterance.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (modifying λόγον)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the word's divine origin guarantees its certainty — what follows is YHWH's verdict.
17

ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται καὶ λημφθήσεται πάντα τὰ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου καὶ ὅσα ἐθησαύρισαν οἱ πατέρες σου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ οὐχ ὑπολειφθήσεται ῥῆμα ὃ εἶπεν κύριος

'Behold, days are coming, and all that is in your house, and what your fathers stored up until this day, shall be carried away to Babylon; and nothing shall be left, says the LORD.'

Embedded oracle of judgment: the Babylonian deportation announcedἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται
The judgment-oracle opens with the prophetic formula ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται ('behold, days are coming'), introducing a coming reversal. The treasures so proudly shown (vv. 13, 15) will be carried εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ('to Babylon'); the closing οὐχ ὑπολειφθήσεται ῥῆμα ('nothing shall be left') and ὃ εἶπεν κύριος seal the verdict as YHWH's irrevocable word.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative particle (introducing the oracle)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / look'; renders הִנֵּה; the presentative particle opens the judgment-oracle, summoning attention to the coming days of deportation.
ἡμέραιdaysNominativesubject of ἔρχονται→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται ('behold, days are coming') is a stock prophetic formula (הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים) announcing a future turning-point — here the Babylonian exile.
ἔρχονταιare comingPres Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἔρχομαιmain verb (the announced future days)→ futuristic present (imminent and certain coming)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the present ἔρχονται in the formula presents the coming days as already on their way — the certainty of the prophesied judgment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λημφθήσεταιshall be carried awayFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (the deportation of the treasures)→ predictive future passive (certain seizure and removal)λαμβάνω (fut. pass.): 'take / seize / carry off'; renders נִשָּׂא; the passive λημφθήσεται ('will be taken away') leaves the Babylonian captors implicit; the singular verb governs the collective πάντα τά. The same root recurs in v. 18 (λήμψεται) of the deportation of the sons.
πάνταallNominativesubstantival adjective (subject: 'all the things')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; πάντα τὰ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου ('all that is in your house') — the very wealth displayed to the envoys is the object of the coming seizure.
τὰthe thingsNominativesubstantival article (with the locative phrase: 'the things in your house')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (neut. pl. τά): substantival article; τὰ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου = 'the contents of your house.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷthe / yourDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in your house')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house'; the royal house whose treasures, just shown, will be deported — the climactic irony of the οἶκος-motif.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the ancestral stores)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαall that / whateverNominativerelative pronoun (object of ἐθησαύρισαν; included in what is carried off)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; ὅσα ἐθησαύρισαν οἱ πατέρες σου extends the loss to the accumulated wealth of the dynasty's ancestors.
ἐθησαύρισανstored upAor Act Indic 3 Pl · θησαυρίζωverb of relative clause (the ancestors' accumulation)→ constative aorist (the dynastic accumulation viewed as a whole)θησαυρίζω: 'store up / treasure up / lay up'; cognate with θησαυρός; the wealth amassed over generations (ἐθησαύρισαν οἱ πατέρες σου) will all be carried to Babylon — generations of accumulation lost in the coming day.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πατέρες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathers / ancestorsNominativesubject of ἐθησαύρισαν→ participant prominenceπατήρ (pl. πατέρες): 'father / forefather'; renders אָבוֹת; the royal ancestors whose accumulated treasure is included in the coming spoliation.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying πατέρες)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying πατέρες).
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal limit)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / up to'; ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('until this day') marks the full span of accumulation down to the present — all of it destined for Babylon.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμέρας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal limit)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης = 'to this very day,' the endpoint of the ancestral accumulation.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἡμέρας)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; the demonstrative fixes the endpoint at the present moment of the oracle.
εἰςto / intopreposition + accusative (destination of the deportation)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination of the deportation).
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationΒαβυλών (acc. Βαβυλῶνα): 'Babylon'; declinable, hence kind 'n' with case; the destination of the deportation — the same land the envoys came from (v. 14), now the place of exile.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotnegative particle (with ὑπολειφθήσεται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: form of οὐ before rough breathing; with ὑπολειφθήσεται it makes the deprivation absolute — nothing whatever remains.
ὑπολειφθήσεταιshall be leftFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὑπολείπωmain verb (totality of the loss)→ predictive future passive (nothing will remain)ὑπολείπω (fut. pass.): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; renders יִוָּתֵר; οὐχ ὑπολειφθήσεται ('nothing shall be left') totalizes the deportation — the complete stripping of the royal house.
ῥῆμαthing / wordNominativesubject of ὑπολειφθήσεται ('not a thing shall remain')→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / thing / matter'; here in the Hebraizing sense 'thing' (דָּבָר), as the subject of the negated verb — 'not a thing will be left'; the same noun then governs the relative ὃ εἶπεν κύριος.
which / asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἶπεν; quasi-formulaic 'which the LORD said')→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃ εἶπεν κύριος ('which the LORD has said') functions as the oracle-sealing formula, attaching divine authority to the whole verdict (cf. נְאֻם יהוה).
εἶπενhas saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωverb of relative clause (the divine pronouncement)→ constative aorist (the authoritative divine utterance)λέγω: 'say'; the aorist εἶπεν in ὃ εἶπεν κύριος seals the oracle as YHWH's own irrevocable pronouncement.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of εἶπεν (the divine guarantor)→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine name guarantees the certainty of the judgment-word.
18

καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου οἳ ἐξελεύσονται ἐκ σοῦ οὓς γεννήσεις λήμψεται καὶ ἔσονται εὐνοῦχοι ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος

'And your sons who shall come forth from you, whom you shall beget, they shall take, and they shall become eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.'

Continuation of the oracle: the deportation of the royal descendantsκαὶ οἱ υἱοί σου
The oracle moves from treasure to progeny: Hezekiah's own descendants will be carried off and made εὐνοῦχοι ('eunuchs / court-officials') in the Babylonian palace. The piling of relative clauses (οἳ ἐξελεύσονται ἐκ σοῦ, οὓς γεννήσεις) stresses that these are his very own offspring; the οἶκος now becomes the 'house of the king of Babylon,' the grim counterpart to Hezekiah's own house.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (continuing the oracle)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe / yourNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοίsonsNominativesubject (of λήμψεται by sense; resumed by ἔσονται)→ participant prominenceυἱός (pl. υἱοί): 'son'; renders בָּנִים; the king's own descendants — the loss now touches not treasure but posterity and dynasty.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying υἱοί)→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying υἱοί).
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐξελεύσονται)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; οἳ ἐξελεύσονται ἐκ σοῦ ('who will come forth from you') stresses these are Hezekiah's own direct descendants.
ἐξελεύσονταιshall come forthFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐξέρχομαιverb of relative clause (the sons' descent from the king)→ predictive future (their future birth)ἐξέρχομαι: 'come/go out'; renders יֵצְאוּ; 'come forth from you' is the idiom for issuing as offspring (cf. Gen 15:4); it underlines the personal nature of the loss.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: descent)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: descent).
σοῦyouGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the king as progenitor)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σοῦ): the king as the source from whom the descendants issue.
οὓςwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of γεννήσεις)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; οὓς γεννήσεις ('whom you shall beget') reinforces by a second relative clause that these are Hezekiah's own begotten sons.
γεννήσειςyou shall begetFut Act Indic 2 Sg · γεννάωverb of relative clause (the king's begetting)→ predictive future (the king's future progeny)γεννάω: 'beget / father'; renders תּוֹלִיד; the future addresses Hezekiah's yet-to-be-born offspring — the added fifteen years (v. 6) will yield the very sons destined for the Babylonian court.
λήμψεταιhe shall takeFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (the seizure of the sons)→ predictive future (certain deportation of the descendants)λαμβάνω (fut.): 'take / seize'; the singular subject is the king of Babylon (or an impersonal 'one will take'); the same root as λημφθήσεται (v. 17) links the seizure of treasure and of sons — both carried off to Babylon.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (the descendants' resulting status)→ predictive future (their future condition)εἰμί (fut.): 'be / become'; ἔσονται εὐνοῦχοι ('they shall be eunuchs') predicts the humiliating fate of the royal line — servitude in the conqueror's court.
εὐνοῦχοιeunuchs / court-officialsNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσονται)→ participant prominenceεὐνοῦχος: 'eunuch / castrated court-official'; renders סָרִיסִים; in the ancient Near East royal eunuchs served as palace officials, but the term also implies emasculation — the cutting off of the dynasty's line; the once-proud Davidic heirs become servants in Babylon (cf. Dan 1:3–4).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheDativearticle (with οἴκῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouse / palaceDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the palace')→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / palace'; the οἶκος-motif reaches its bitter climax — Hezekiah's sons will serve not in his own house but ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, the palace of the conqueror.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying οἴκῳ: 'the king's palace')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; the king of Babylon, in whose palace the Davidic heirs will serve — a stark reversal of the Davidic-covenant hopes invoked at v. 6.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive (modifying βασιλέως: 'king of Babylon')→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): 'Babylon'; declinable, hence kind 'n' with case; the recurring name (vv. 12, 14, 17) culminates here as the place of dynastic servitude.
19

καὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας πρὸς Ησαιαν ἀγαθὸς ὁ λόγος κυρίου ὃν ἐλάλησεν ἔστω εἰρήνη ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις μου

And Hezekiah said to Isaiah, 'The word of the LORD which he has spoken is good.' And he said, 'Let there be peace in my days.'

Narrative response: the king's acceptance of the oracleκαὶ εἶπεν Εζεκιας
Hezekiah accepts the verdict as ἀγαθός ('good') — submitting to the justice of YHWH's word — yet his closing wish ἔστω εἰρήνη ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις μου ('let there be peace in my days') has been read as relief that the calamity will fall only on a later generation. The verse closes section C, balancing pious acceptance against a note of self-interested contentment.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λέγω: introduces the king's response to the oracle of judgment.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΗσαιανIsaiahAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationΗσαιας (acc. Ησαιαν): declinable name; accusative as directional object of πρός.
ἀγαθὸςgoodNominativepredicate adjective (with implied 'is': 'the word is good')→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: 'good'; renders טוֹב; ἀγαθὸς ὁ λόγος κυρίου is the king's submissive verdict on the oracle — he accepts YHWH's word as just and right (cf. 1 Sam 3:18, 'It is the LORD; let him do what seems good').
theNominativearticle (with λόγος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordNominativesubject of the verbless clause→ participant prominenceλόγος: 'word'; ὁ λόγος κυρίου ('the word of the LORD') is the just-delivered oracle of judgment, which the king pronounces good.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (modifying λόγος)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the word's divine origin is the ground of its goodness and authority.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν, modifying λόγος)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; ὃν ἐλάλησεν ('which he spoke') identifies the word as the oracle Isaiah has just pronounced.
ἐλάλησενhe has spokenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the prior speaking of the word)λαλέω: 'speak'; the aorist refers back to the judgment-oracle of vv. 17–18; the king accepts what YHWH has spoken.
ἔστωlet there bePres Act Impv 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (the king's wish / closing word)→ present imperative (jussive wish: 'let it be')εἰμί (impv. ἔστω): 'let there be'; the third-person imperative expresses a wish; ἔστω εἰρήνη ('let there be peace') voices Hezekiah's contentment that the catastrophe is deferred beyond his own lifetime.
εἰρήνηpeaceNominativesubject of ἔστω→ participant prominenceεἰρήνη: 'peace / well-being'; renders שָׁלוֹם; here in the full OT sense of security and welfare; the wish for peace 'in my days' has been read as relief that judgment falls only on a later generation.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ταῖςthe / myDativearticle (with ἡμέραις)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'in my days')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις μου ('in my days') = during my lifetime; the phrase circumscribes the king's hope to his own remaining years — the fifteen granted at v. 6.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying ἡμέραις)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying ἡμέραις).
20

καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Εζεκιου καὶ πᾶσα ἡ δυναστεία αὐτοῦ καὶ ὅσα ἐποίησεν τὴν κρήνην καὶ τὸν ὑδραγωγὸν καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν τὸ ὕδωρ εἰς τὴν πόλιν οὐχὶ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ιουδα

And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he made the pool and the conduit and brought the water into the city — are these not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

Regnal-summary formula (citation of the royal chronicle)καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων
The standard Deuteronomistic regnal-summary formula closes the reign: τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων ('the rest of the acts'), the rhetorical-question citation οὐχὶ … γεγραμμένα ('are they not written?'), and the source-reference to the βιβλίον λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('book of the chronicles'). The notice of the pool, conduit, and water-supply (the Siloam tunnel tradition) singles out Hezekiah's celebrated engineering.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (opening the summary formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (substantivizing λοιπὰ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰrest / remaining thingsNominativesubstantival adjective (subject of the verbless clause: 'the rest')→ participant prominenceλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων ('the rest of the acts/words') is the fixed opening of the Deuteronomistic regnal-summary formula (וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי), gathering all unrecorded deeds.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with λόγων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνacts / wordsGenitivepartitive genitive (with λοιπά: 'the rest of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος (pl. λόγων): here 'acts / deeds / matters' (rendering דִּבְרֵי in the idiom 'the acts of'); the chronicle-summary sense of λόγοι is 'doings / affairs' rather than 'words.'
Εζεκιουof HezekiahGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying λόγων: 'the acts of Hezekiah')→ relational specificationΕζεκιας (gen. Εζεκιου): declinable name; the genitive form names the king whose reign is being summarized.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαallNominativeadjective (modifying δυναστεία: 'all his might')→ participant prominenceπᾶς (fem. πᾶσα): 'all / every'; πᾶσα ἡ δυναστεία αὐτοῦ ('all his might') sums up the king's exploits of power, a standard element of the regnal formula (כָּל־גְּבוּרָתוֹ).
theNominativearticle (with δυναστεία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείαmight / powerNominativesubject (coordinate element of the summary)→ participant prominenceδυναστεία: 'might / dominion / power'; renders גְּבוּרָה; denotes the king's mighty deeds and the strength of his rule — here including his military and building achievements.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δυναστεία)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying δυναστεία).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσαall that / howAccusativerelative pronoun (introducing the clause of deeds)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / all that'; ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('all that he did') introduces the specific achievement that follows — the waterworks.
ἐποίησενhe made / didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (the king's construction projects)→ constative aorist (completed building works)ποιέω: 'do / make'; here of construction — ἐποίησεν τὴν κρήνην καὶ τὸν ὑδραγωγόν ('made the pool and the conduit'), Hezekiah's famed water-engineering.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κρήνην)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρήνηνpool / springAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν→ object specificationκρήνη: 'spring / fountain / pool'; renders בְּרֵכָה ('pool'); the reservoir of Hezekiah's water-system (cf. the Pool of Siloam) that secured Jerusalem's supply during siege.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ὑδραγωγὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑδραγωγὸνconduit / aqueductAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησεν (coordinate with κρήνην)→ object specificationὑδραγωγός: 'water-channel / conduit / aqueduct'; from ὕδωρ + ἄγω ('lead water'); renders תְּעָלָה; the tunnel/channel (the Siloam tunnel tradition) by which Hezekiah brought water inside the city walls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb (the bringing of water into the city)→ constative aorist (completed engineering feat)εἰσφέρω: 'bring in / carry in'; renders הֵבִיא; εἰσήνεγκεν τὸ ὕδωρ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ('brought the water into the city') describes the purpose and result of the waterworks — securing the city's supply.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὕδωρ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδωρwaterAccusativedirect object of εἰσήνεγκεν→ object specificationὕδωρ: 'water'; renders מַיִם; the object of the engineering project — Jerusalem's water brought safely within the walls.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination of the water)→ object specificationπόλις: 'city'; Jerusalem, to which the water was conducted — the same city YHWH promised to shield (v. 6).
οὐχὶare not?interrogative negative (expecting affirmative answer)→ clausal contributionοὐχί: emphatic negative used to introduce a rhetorical question expecting 'yes'; οὐχὶ … γεγραμμένα ('are they not written?') is the formulaic citation of the royal chronicle source.
ταῦταthese thingsNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the verbless interrogative)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this / these'; ταῦτα gathers the king's unrecorded deeds as the subject of the rhetorical citation-question.
γεγραμμέναwrittenPerf Pass Part Nom Pl Neut · γράφωpredicate participle (periphrastic with implied 'are': 'are written')→ perfect participle (standing, recorded state)γράφω (perf. pass. part.): 'write'; the perfect γεγραμμένα ('having been written / standing recorded') denotes the settled, abiding state of the records in the chronicle; the periphrastic question οὐχὶ … γεγραμμένα is the fixed source-formula (הֲלֹא־הֵם כְּתוּבִים).
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + dative (location of record)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: 'on / in'; with βιβλίῳ it locates the records 'in the book / scroll' of the chronicles.
βιβλίῳbook / scrollDativedative object of ἐπί (the record-source)→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: 'book / scroll'; renders סֵפֶר; βιβλίον λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('book of the words/acts of the days') = the royal annals or chronicle, the recurring cited source of the books of Kingdoms.
λόγωνof the acts / chroniclesGenitivegenitive (modifying βιβλίῳ: 'book of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος (pl. λόγων): 'acts / matters / records'; λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('of the acts of the days') is the title-phrase of the royal chronicle (דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμερῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνof the daysGenitivegenitive (modifying λόγων: 'acts of the days' = chronicles)→ relational specificationἡμέρα (pl. ἡμερῶν): 'day'; λόγοι τῶν ἡμερῶν ('the acts of the days') is the standard idiom for annals/chronicles — the recurring source-title throughout Kingdoms.
τοῖςof the / for theDativearticle (with βασιλεῦσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσινkingsDativedative (of the kings whose chronicle this is: 'belonging to the kings')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. pl. βασιλεῦσιν): 'king'; the dative renders the Hebrew construct 'chronicles of the kings of Judah' (לְמַלְכֵי), marking whose annals the book is.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'kings of Judah')→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable in the LXX, hence kind 'x' with no case value; functions as a genitive of relationship — the kings of the southern kingdom of Judah.
21

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Εζεκιας μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Μανασσης υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ

And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David, and Manasseh his son reigned in his place.

Death-and-succession formula (close of the reign)καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Εζεκιας
The chapter and reign close with the threefold regnal death-formula: the king 'sleeps with his fathers' (ἐκοιμήθη μετὰ τῶν πατέρων), is buried in the city of David, and is succeeded by his son. The succession of Manasseh — whose long, apostate reign the narrative will judge severely (4 Kgdms 21) — casts a shadow forward, even as Hezekiah dies in the peace he wished (v. 19).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθηslept / fell asleepAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάωmain verb (the king's death)→ constative aorist (the king's death as a single event)κοιμάω (aor. pass. ἐκοιμήθη): 'fall asleep / sleep'; renders שָׁכַב; ἐκοιμήθη μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ('slept with his fathers') is the standard regnal death-euphemism for a peaceful death and burial in the ancestral tomb.
ΕζεκιαςHezekiahNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΕζεκιας: meaning 'Hezekiah'; it serves as subject.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
τῶνthe / hisGenitivearticle (with πατέρων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά (the ancestors)→ relational specificationπατήρ (pl. πατέρων): 'father / forefather'; renders אָבוֹת; 'with his fathers' denotes joining the ancestral dead — the customary phrase for dynastic death and burial.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying πατέρων)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying πατέρων).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτάφηwas buriedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · θάπτωmain verb (the king's burial)→ constative aorist (completed burial)θάπτω (aor. pass. ἐτάφη): 'bury'; renders קָבַר; the passive 'was buried' continues the regnal formula; burial 'in the city of David' marks an honorable royal interment.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πόλειcityDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'in the city of David')→ sphere or referenceπόλις (dat. πόλει): 'city'; ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ ('in the city of David') is the royal necropolis on the southeastern hill of Jerusalem, the burial place of the Davidic kings.
Δαυιδof Davidgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'city of David')→ participant identificationΔαυιδ: indeclinable name (kind 'x', no case); πόλις Δαυιδ ('city of David') is the standard designation for the original royal stronghold of Jerusalem and its dynastic tombs.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the succession)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreigned / became kingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (the succession)→ ingressive aorist (came to the throne)βασιλεύω: 'be king / reign'; renders מָלַךְ; the ingressive aorist ἐβασίλευσεν ('became king / began to reign') is the standard succession-notice closing a reign — here Manasseh takes the throne.
ΜανασσηςManassehNominativesubject of ἐβασίλευσεν→ participant prominenceΜανασσης: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה; declined as a first-declension masculine in the LXX, hence kind 'n' with case; Hezekiah's son and successor, whose long apostate reign is recounted in 4 Kgdms 21.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Μανασσης→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ('his son') identifies Manasseh as Hezekiah's direct heir — one of the very sons in view in the exile-oracle of v. 18.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (modifying υἱὸς)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (modifying υἱὸς).
ἀντ᾿in place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἀντί: 'instead of / in place of'; renders תַּחַת; ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('in his place') is the fixed succession-phrase marking the transfer of kingship from father to son.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (the predecessor, Hezekiah)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (the predecessor, Hezekiah).