Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Fourth Book of Kingdoms, Chapter 24ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ Δ′ ΚΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Babylon closes in through Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah as Judah's kingdom begins to collapse.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of 4 Kingdoms 24 (= 2 Kings 24 in the Hebrew/English numbering) follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The chapter narrates the beginning of the end of the Davidic kingdom of Judah: Jehoiakim's three-year vassalage to Nebuchadnezzar and his rebellion (v. 1), the raiding bands (μονόζωνοι) of Chaldeans, Syrians, Moabites, and Ammonites sent against Judah 'according to the word of the LORD by the hand of his servants the prophets' (v. 2), framed theologically as the outworking of the LORD's wrath for the sins of Manasseh and the innocent blood that filled Jerusalem (vv. 3–4). After the regnal-summary formula and Jehoiakim's death (vv. 5–6), the eclipse of Egyptian power before Babylon from the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates (v. 7), the chapter turns to Jehoiachin (rendered Ιωακιμ, as is his father, in this Greek text): his three-month reign (v. 8), the Babylonian siege (vv. 10–11), his surrender and the first deportation of 597 BC — king, queen mother, officials, eunuchs, and warriors, the temple and palace treasures, and the gold vessels Solomon had made cut up 'according to the word of the LORD' (vv. 12–16). Finally Nebuchadnezzar installs Mattaniah, renaming him Zedekiah (v. 17), whose eleven-year reign (v. 18), evil-doing (v. 19), and rebellion against the king of Babylon (v. 20) set the stage for the final catastrophe of chapter 25. The chapter is structured by repeated theological refrains: ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ('because of the wrath of the LORD', vv. 3, 20), κατὰ τὸν λόγον / τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('according to the word of the LORD', vv. 2, 13), and the Deuteronomistic regnal-evaluation formula ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐν / ἐνώπιον κυρίου (vv. 9, 19). The repeated verb ἀθετέω ('rebel / break faith', vv. 1, 20) brackets the chapter with the political treachery that triggers the divine judgment.

1

ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ἀνέβη Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος καὶ ἐγενήθη αὐτῷ Ιωακιμ δοῦλος τρία ἔτη καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν καὶ ἠθέτησεν ἐν αὐτῷ

In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years; then he turned and rebelled against him.

Opening temporal frame (new narrative phase: Babylonian overlordship)ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ
The chapter opens with the temporal formula ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ('in his days'), locating the rise of Babylonian domination within Jehoiakim's reign. The structure is a chiastic vassalage-then-revolt: ἐγενήθη … δοῦλος (became servant) is reversed by ἠθέτησεν (rebelled), the verb that will close the chapter at v. 20 and frame the whole.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
ταῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdaysDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'in the days')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the idiom ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τινός ('in the days of') renders Hebrew בִּימֵי, a standard chronological frame introducing a new episode set within a named reign.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (referring to Jehoiakim of ch. 23)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (referring to Jehoiakim of ch. 23).
ἀνέβηcame upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (narrative aorist: Nebuchadnezzar's advance)→ constative aorist (single decisive military movement)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / come up / advance'; renders עָלָה; the standard verb for a military campaign 'going up' against a land or city; here it marks the first appearance of Babylon as overlord of Judah.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliteration of Hebrew נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (Babylonian Nabû-kudurri-uṣur); indeclinable in the LXX; the Neo-Babylonian king (605–562 BC) who becomes the instrument of the LORD's judgment on Judah.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ναβουχοδονοσορ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king'; here a human title, in apposition to the indeclinable royal name; the recurring phrase βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος dominates the chapter as the agent of conquest.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place (defining the king's realm)→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the city/empire of Babylon; declined as a third-declension noun in the LXX (hence kind n with genitive case); the place of the coming exile.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηbecameAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (predicate with δοῦλος: 'became a servant')→ constative aorist (entered into a settled vassal relationship)γίνομαι (aor. pass.): 'become / come to be'; the passive ἐγενήθη with the dative αὐτῷ renders the Hebrew הָיָה לוֹ ('became to/for him'), denoting the establishment of vassal status.
αὐτῷto himDativedative of relationship (vassal 'to' Nebuchadnezzar)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of relationship (vassal 'to' Nebuchadnezzar).
ΙωακιμJehoiakimsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוֹיָקִים (Jehoiakim); indeclinable in the LXX; son of Josiah, installed by Pharaoh Necho (23:34); the Greek of 4 Kingdoms spells both Jehoiakim and his son Jehoiachin (יְהוֹיָכִין) identically as Ιωακιμ, so context must distinguish father (here) from son (vv. 8ff.).
δοῦλοςservant / vassalNominativepredicate nominative (with ἐγενήθη: 'became a servant')→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: 'slave / servant / vassal'; renders עֶבֶד; here in the political sense of a tributary vassal king bound to Babylon — the relationship Jehoiakim will break.
τρίαthreeAccusativeattributive numeral (modifying ἔτη)→ measure or countτρεῖς, τρία: 'three'; neuter accusative agreeing with ἔτη; the three years of accusative duration measure the span of Jehoiakim's compliant vassalage before revolt.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for three years')→ object specificationἔτος (pl. ἔτη): 'year'; the accusative of extent of time marks how long the vassalage lasted.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (sequential)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψενturnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιστρέφωmain verb (narrative aorist: change of allegiance)→ ingressive aorist (turned about, reversed his policy)ἐπιστρέφω: 'turn / turn back / turn about'; renders שׁוּב; here the political 'turning' away from submission, a near-auxiliary use ('he turned and rebelled') idiomatically rendering the Hebrew construction with שׁוּב + finite verb.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθέτησενrebelled / broke faithAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθετέωmain verb (the act of rebellion)→ constative aorist (decisive breach of the vassal treaty)ἀθετέω: 'set aside / annul / break faith / rebel'; renders מָרַד; the verb denotes the repudiation of a covenant or treaty obligation; it brackets the chapter, recurring at v. 20 of Zedekiah's rebellion — the same treachery that triggers final ruin.
ἐνagainstpreposition + dative (Hebraizing: 'rebelled against him')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here a Hebraism (ἠθέτησεν ἐν αὐτῷ) rendering מָרַד בְּ ('rebel against'), where Greek ἐν calques the Hebrew preposition בְּ marking the object of rebellion.
αὐτῷhimDativedative object of ἐν (the overlord rebelled against)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative object of ἐν (the overlord rebelled against).
2

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτῷ τοὺς μονοζώνους τῶν Χαλδαίων καὶ τοὺς μονοζώνους Συρίας καὶ τοὺς μονοζώνους Μωαβ καὶ τοὺς μονοζώνους υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ γῇ Ιουδα τοῦ κατισχῦσαι κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου ὃν ἐλάλησεν ἐν χειρὶ τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ τῶν προφητῶν

And he sent against him the light-armed bands of the Chaldeans and the light-armed bands of Syria and the light-armed bands of Moab and the light-armed bands of the sons of Ammon, and he sent them into the land of Judah to overpower it, according to the word of the LORD which he spoke by the hand of his servants the prophets.

Consequence: the LORD's punitive response to the rebellion (main narrative)καὶ ἀπέστειλεν
The four-fold anaphora τοὺς μονοζώνους … τοὺς μονοζώνους … (Chaldeans, Syria, Moab, Ammon) builds a relentless coalition of raiders. The purpose-genitive infinitive τοῦ κατισχῦσαι and the explanatory κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου recast the military raids as the fulfilment of prophetic threat — Babylon and its allies are instruments of the LORD's announced judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (the LORD as implicit subject)→ constative aorist (dispatch of the raiding coalition)ἀποστέλλω: 'send / dispatch'; renders שָׁלַח; the implicit subject is the LORD (cf. κυρίου later in the verse), who 'sends' the raiding bands against Jehoiakim — divine agency working through foreign armies.
αὐτῷagainst himDativedative of disadvantage ('against him', i.e. Jehoiakim)→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'against him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of disadvantage ('against him', i.e. Jehoiakim).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μονοζώνουςraiding bandsAccusativedirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationμονόζωνος: lit. 'single-girt', i.e. a lightly-equipped soldier or raider; the term (literally 'girded with one belt', stripped for fast mobile warfare) renders Hebrew גְּדוּד ('marauding band / raiding party'); the LXX uses it for guerrilla-style raiders rather than a regular army.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansGenitivegenitive of origin (the bands belong to the Chaldeans)→ relational specificationΧαλδαῖος: 'Chaldean'; gentilic noun (here genitive plural) for the people of southern Babylonia, by this period synonymous with the Neo-Babylonian power; declined, hence kind n.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μονοζώνουςraiding bandsAccusativedirect object (second member of the coalition)→ object specificationμονοζώνους: meaning 'raiding bands'; it serves as direct object (second member of the coalition).
Συρίαςof SyriaGenitivegenitive of origin→ relational specificationΣυρία (gen. Συρίας): 'Syria / Aram'; the LXX rendering of אֲרָם; declined, hence kind n; one of the four raiding peoples drawn against Judah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μονοζώνουςraiding bandsAccusativedirect object (third member of the coalition)→ object specificationμονοζώνους: meaning 'raiding bands'; it serves as direct object (third member of the coalition).
Μωαβof Moabgenitive of origin (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliteration of Hebrew מוֹאָב; indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the trans-Jordanian people east of the Dead Sea, here joined to the raiding coalition against Judah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μονοζώνουςraiding bandsAccusativedirect object (fourth member of the coalition)→ object specificationμονοζώνους: meaning 'raiding bands'; it serves as direct object (fourth member of the coalition).
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of origin (with Αμμων: 'sons of Ammon')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl. υἱῶν): 'son'; the phrase υἱῶν Αμμων renders בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן ('sons of Ammon'), the standard Hebraic designation for the Ammonite people as a whole.
Αμμωνof Ammongenitive of origin (indeclinable proper noun, with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliteration of Hebrew עַמּוֹן; indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the trans-Jordanian people, the fourth element of the punitive coalition.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαπέστειλενsent them outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξαποστέλλωmain verb (resumptive: dispatch into Judah)→ constative aorist (the sending-out into the land)ἐξαποστέλλω: 'send out / send forth'; the compound ἐξαπο- intensifies the simple ἀποστέλλω; here the LORD sends the raiders out (ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτούς) specifically into the territory of Judah.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (the four raiding bands)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object (the four raiding bands).
ἐνintopreposition + dative (Hebraizing: direction expressed by ἐν)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here with verb of motion ('sent them ἐν τῇ γῇ'), a Hebraism in which ἐν calques בְּ where classical Greek would use εἰς + accusative.
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandDativelocative dative (with ἐν: 'in/into the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ: 'land / earth'; here the territory of Judah, the target of the raids.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of definition (indeclinable proper noun, with γῇ)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); here the southern kingdom of Judah, whose land is overrun.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle governing articular infinitive (genitive of purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατισχῦσαιto overpowerAor Act Inf · κατισχύωarticular infinitive of purpose (τοῦ + inf.: 'in order to overpower')→ purpose / telic infinitive (the goal of the raids)κατισχύω: 'prevail against / overpower / be strong against'; the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ κατισχῦσαι expresses purpose (Hebraizing rendering of לְ + infinitive); the object is the land of Judah, to be subdued and destroyed in fulfilment of the prophetic word.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'according to / in conformity with'; introduces the theological norm — the raids conform to the LORD's prophetic word.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationλόγος: 'word / utterance'; renders דָּבָר; κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου ('according to the word of the LORD') is the Deuteronomistic refrain identifying historical disaster as prophetic fulfilment (cf. v. 13, τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (the word belongs to the LORD)→ relational specificationκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here the divine author of the prophetic word whose fulfilment the raids enact.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν, antecedent λόγον)→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ἐλάλησεν, antecedent λόγον).
ἐλάλησενhe spokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωverb of relative clause (the LORD's prior speaking)→ constative aorist (the past prophetic utterance)λαλέω: 'speak'; renders דִּבֶּר; the aorist points back to the earlier prophetic announcements of judgment (e.g. 21:10–15; 22:16–17) now coming to pass.
ἐνbypreposition + dative (instrumental: 'by the hand of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: instrumental Hebraism in the phrase ἐν χειρὶ ('by the hand of'), rendering בְּיַד, denoting prophetic mediation.
χειρὶthe handDativedative of means (idiom: 'by the hand of')→ sphere or referenceχείρ: 'hand'; the idiom ἐν χειρὶ τῶν δούλων ('by the hand of his servants') renders בְּיַד עֲבָדָיו, a standard Hebraism for prophetic agency/mediation.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλωνservantsGenitivegenitive (with χειρί: 'the hand of his servants')→ relational specificationδοῦλος: 'servant / slave'; renders עֶבֶד; the phrase 'his servants the prophets' (οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ οἱ προφῆται) is a fixed Deuteronomistic designation for the prophets as the LORD's commissioned messengers (cf. 17:13, 23; 21:10).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's servants)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the LORD's servants).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (in apposition: 'the prophets')→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφητῶνprophetsGenitivegenitive in apposition to δούλων→ relational specificationπροφήτης: 'prophet / spokesman'; renders נָבִיא; in apposition to δούλων, identifying the LORD's servants specifically as the prophets through whom the threatened judgment was announced.
3

πλὴν ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ἦν ἐν τῷ Ιουδα ἀποστῆσαι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἐν ἁμαρτίαις Μανασση κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν

Surely it was according to the wrath of the LORD that this came upon Judah, to remove him from his presence, because of the sins of Manasseh, according to all that he did,

Theological explanation (narrator's interpretive aside)πλὴν ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου
πλήν ('surely / indeed') introduces the narrator's theological gloss on the raids: they happened ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ('because of / in accord with the wrath of the LORD'). The infinitive ἀποστῆσαι ('to remove') states the divine purpose, and ἐν ἁμαρτίαις Μανασση ('for the sins of Manasseh') its cause — fixing responsibility on Manasseh's reign (ch. 21). The phrase ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου recurs at v. 20, framing the section.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
πλὴνsurely / indeedadverb / particle (asseverative, introducing the explanation)→ discourse linkage or contrastπλήν: 'except / only / surely / nevertheless'; here asseverative-restrictive, rendering אַךְ ('surely / only'), marking the following clause as the decisive theological truth behind the events.
ἐπὶaccording to / because ofpreposition + accusative (causal/normative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: here causal/normative, 'because of / in accord with'; the phrase ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ('on account of the wrath of the LORD') attributes the disaster to divine anger; the same construction recurs at v. 20.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸνwrathAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυμός: 'anger / wrath / hot indignation'; renders אַף / חֵמָה; the burning divine wrath against Judah, the theological engine of the chapter's catastrophes.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (the wrath that is the LORD's)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the wrath is specifically the LORD's covenantal anger at Judah's apostasy.
ἦνit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal/copular: 'it was [the case]')→ stative imperfect (an enduring state of affairs)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be'; here nearly impersonal — 'it was [so] against Judah on account of the LORD's wrath'; the imperfect frames the disaster as the ongoing condition under which Judah stood.
ἐνagainstpreposition + dative (Hebraizing: 'upon/against Judah')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here locative-adversative ('in/against Judah'), the sphere in which the wrath operated.
τῷtheDativearticle (with indeclinable Ιουδα)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun, with article τῷ)→ noun-phrase markingΙουδα: indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the article τῷ supplies the dative force; here Judah as the object of divine wrath.
ἀποστῆσαιto removeAor Act Inf · ἀφίστημιinfinitive of purpose/result ('to remove him')→ purpose infinitive (the goal of the wrath)ἀφίστημι: 'remove / put away / cause to depart'; the transitive aorist infinitive here means 'to remove (Judah) from his presence', echoing the rejection-language of 17:18, 23 and 23:27 (the LORD's resolve to remove Judah from before his face).
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative object of ἀποστῆσαι (Judah personified)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ἀποστῆσαι (Judah personified).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
προσώπουthe presenceGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (idiom: 'from before the face of')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; the idiom ἀπὸ προσώπου ('from the face/presence of') renders מִפְּנֵי / מֵעַל פָּנָיו; to be removed 'from the LORD's presence' is the language of covenantal rejection and exile (cf. v. 20).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's presence)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the LORD's presence).
ἐνbecause ofpreposition + dative (causal: 'on account of the sins')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here causal ('because of / on account of'), a Hebraism rendering the Hebrew preposition בְּ in the sense of cause/ground.
ἁμαρτίαιςthe sinsDativedative of cause (with ἐν: 'for the sins')→ sphere or referenceἁμαρτία: 'sin / offence'; renders חַטָּאת; the plural points to the accumulated apostasies of Manasseh's reign (idolatry, child-sacrifice, bloodshed: 21:1–16) as the root cause of Judah's doom.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of source (indeclinable proper noun, with ἁμαρτίαις)→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה (Manasseh); indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the king (ch. 21) whose sins the Deuteronomistic historian repeatedly names as the cause of Judah's exile (cf. 21:11–15; 23:26).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'according to'; introduces the measure of Manasseh's guilt — 'according to all that he did'.
πάνταallAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / everything'; the phrase κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('according to all that he did') is a recurring Deuteronomistic summarizing formula (cf. vv. 9, 19).
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν: 'whatever he did')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; correlative relative quantifying πάντα, summing up the totality of Manasseh's deeds.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (summary of Manasseh's career of sin)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the constative aorist gathers up the whole of Manasseh's evil reign as the cause of judgment.
4

καί γε αἷμα ἀθῷον ἐξέχεεν καὶ ἔπλησεν τὴν Ιερουσαλημ αἵματος ἀθῴου καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν κύριος ἱλασθῆναι

and also the innocent blood that he shed, and he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood; and the LORD was not willing to make atonement.

Intensifying continuation (the climactic charge: innocent blood)καί γε
καί γε ('and indeed / and moreover', rendering Hebrew וְגַם) intensifies, naming the supreme offence: the shedding of innocent blood (αἷμα ἀθῷον, cf. 21:16, Manasseh's filling Jerusalem with innocent blood). The closing οὐκ ἠθέλησεν κύριος ἱλασθῆναι ('the LORD was not willing to make atonement') seals the irreversibility of the judgment — there will be no propitiation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καίandconjunction (with γε: intensive 'and indeed')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γεindeedemphatic particle (intensifying καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastγε: enclitic emphatic particle; the combination καί γε renders Hebrew וְגַם ('and also / and indeed'), adding the climactic charge to the catalogue of guilt.
αἷμαbloodAccusativedirect object of ἐξέχεεν (fronted for emphasis)→ object specificationαἷμα: 'blood'; renders דָּם; the phrase αἷμα ἀθῷον ('innocent blood') is the legal-cultic term for the blood of those wrongfully killed, whose guilt pollutes the land and cries out for requital (cf. Deut 19:10; 21:8).
ἀθῷονinnocentAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying αἷμα)→ object specificationἀθῷος: 'innocent / guiltless / unpunished'; renders נָקִי; the 'innocent blood' shed by Manasseh (21:16) is the unforgivable defilement that makes Jerusalem's doom certain.
ἐξέχεενhe shedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκχέωmain verb (Manasseh as subject)→ constative aorist (the act of bloodshed)ἐκχέω: 'pour out / shed'; renders שָׁפַךְ; the idiom 'pour out / shed blood' (αἷμα ἐκχέω) is the standard biblical expression for murder and the violent shedding of life.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπλησενhe filledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίμπλημιmain verb (Manasseh fills Jerusalem)→ constative aorist (the act of saturating the city with blood)πίμπλημι: 'fill'; renders מָלֵא; takes the genitive of content (αἵματος); the image of 'filling Jerusalem with innocent blood' echoes 21:16, where Manasseh's bloodshed is said to have filled the city from end to end.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιερουσαλημ)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemdirect object of ἔπλησεν (indeclinable proper noun, with article τὴν)→ noun-phrase markingΙερουσαλημ: transliteration of Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם; indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the article τήν supplies accusative force; the holy city defiled with innocent blood.
αἵματοςwith bloodGenitivegenitive of content (with ἔπλησεν: 'filled with blood')→ relational specificationαἷμα (gen. αἵματος): the genitive of content/material complement of πίμπλημι ('fill with').
ἀθῴουinnocentGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying αἵματος)→ relational specificationἀθῷος (gen. ἀθῴου): 'innocent'; the repetition of αἷμα ἀθῷον … αἵματος ἀθῴου in the verse hammers the charge of innocent bloodshed as the decisive, unatonable sin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἠθέλησεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθέλησενwas willingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb (the LORD's refusal to relent)→ constative aorist (settled divine resolve not to pardon)θέλω: 'will / wish / be willing'; renders אָבָה; οὐκ ἠθέλησεν … ἱλασθῆναι ('was not willing to make propitiation/forgive') states the divine refusal to relent — the point of no return for Judah.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἠθέλησεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the subject who refuses to be propitiated — the divine resolve that seals Judah's fate.
ἱλασθῆναιto make atonement / be propitiatedAor Pass Inf · ἱλάσκομαιcomplementary infinitive (with ἠθέλησεν: 'willing to be propitiated')→ complementary infinitive (the refused act of pardon)ἱλάσκομαι: 'propitiate / make atonement / forgive'; renders סָלַח / כִּפֶּר; the aorist passive infinitive here means 'to be appeased / to grant pardon'; the LORD's refusal to be propitiated marks the exhaustion of divine forbearance toward Judah's blood-guilt.
5

καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ιωακιμ καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐπὶ βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ιουδα

And the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim and all that he did — are these not, behold, written in the book of the chronicles of the days for the kings of Judah?

Regnal-summary formula (closing reference to source-records)καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων
The stereotyped Deuteronomistic source-citation formula: 'the rest of the acts of X … are they not written in the book of the chronicles?' The rhetorical οὐκ ἰδού ('are these not, behold') expects an affirmative answer, pointing readers to the royal annals — a recurring closing convention for each reign in Kings.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (opening the formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with λοιπά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπὰrestNominativesubstantival adjective (subject: 'the rest [of the acts]')→ participant prominenceλοιπός: 'remaining / rest'; the substantival neuter plural τὰ λοιπά ('the remaining matters') opens the fixed regnal-summary formula τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων … ('the rest of the acts of …'), rendering יֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνacts / wordsGenitivepartitive genitive (with λοιπά: 'rest of the acts')→ relational specificationλόγος: 'word / matter / deed'; in the formula τῶν λόγων (rendering דִּבְרֵי) it means 'acts / affairs / deeds' rather than 'words' — the recorded doings of the reign.
Ιωακιμof Jehoiakimgenitive of possession (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: Jehoiakim (יְהוֹיָקִים); indeclinable; here still the father, whose reign is being closed off before the narrative turns to his son (vv. 8ff.).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallNominativesubstantival adjective (coordinate subject: 'all that he did')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the addition καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('and all that he did') is the standard expansion of the source-citation formula.
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever / as much as'; quantifies the totality of Jehoiakim's deeds referred to the annals.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (sum of the reign's deeds)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the constative aorist gathers up the whole reign.
οὐκnotnegative particle (rhetorical question expecting 'yes')→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: the negative in οὐκ ἰδού introduces a rhetorical question expecting an affirmative answer ('are these not …?'), rendering הֲלֹא.
ἰδοὺbeholddemonstrative particle (presentative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: 'behold / see'; presentative particle rendering הִנֵּה; here within the citation formula, drawing attention to the documented record.
ταῦταthese thingsNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'these things [are] written')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this / these'; ταῦτα refers back to 'the rest of the acts and all he did', the antecedent of the periphrastic 'are written'.
γεγραμμέναwrittenPerf Pass Ptcp Nom Pl Neut · γράφωpredicate participle (periphrastic: 'are written')→ resultative perfect (permanently on record)γράφω (perf. pass. ptcp.): 'write'; the perfect γεγραμμένα ('having been written / standing written') stresses the abiding documentary record; renders the Hebrew passive participle כְּתוּבִים; standard in the source-citation formula.
ἐπὶin / uponpreposition + dative (location: 'in the book')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dative: 'on / in'; with βιβλίῳ ('written in/on the book'), rendering עַל־סֵפֶר.
βιβλίῳthe bookDativeobject of ἐπί (the documentary scroll)→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: 'book / scroll / document'; renders סֵפֶר; here the royal annals ('the book of the chronicles of the days').
λόγωνof the chroniclesGenitivegenitive of definition (with βιβλίῳ)→ relational specificationλόγος: in the title βιβλίον λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('book of the matters of the days') renders סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, i.e. 'the book of the chronicles' — the official royal annals of Judah.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμερῶνdaysGenitivegenitive (with λόγων: 'the matters of the days' = chronicles)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν ('words/matters of the days') is the LXX calque of דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, the title of the royal chronicle.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῦσινkingsDativedative of reference/possession ('belonging to the kings of Judah')→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human); the dative τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν Ιουδα ('for/of the kings of Judah') renders the Hebrew לְמַלְכֵי, designating the chronicle as the official record of Judah's kings.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of definition (indeclinable proper noun, with βασιλεῦσιν)→ participant identificationΙουδα: indeclinable; the southern kingdom whose kings' annals are cited.
6

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωακιμ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ιωακιμ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ

And Jehoiakim slept with his fathers, and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.

Death-and-succession formula (closing the reign)καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωακιμ
The stereotyped death-notice ἐκοιμήθη … μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ('slept with his fathers') and succession-notice ἐβασίλευσεν … ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('reigned in his place'). Note the Greek text spells both father and son Ιωακιμ; the second Ιωακιμ, called υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ('his son'), is Jehoiachin, who now takes the throne.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκοιμήθηsleptAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάομαιmain verb (death-notice)→ constative aorist (the king's death as 'sleep')κοιμάομαι: 'sleep / fall asleep / die'; the euphemism ἐκοιμήθη μετὰ τῶν πατέρων ('slept with his fathers') renders שָׁכַב עִם אֲבֹתָיו, the fixed death-formula for kings (a peaceful, dynastically-continuous death and burial with ancestors).
ΙωακιμJehoiakimsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: here the father, Jehoiakim, who dies; the same form will denote his son in the next clause.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (association).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersGenitivegenitive object of μετά ('with his fathers')→ relational specificationπατήρ (gen. pl. πατέρων): 'father / ancestor'; 'his fathers' = the royal ancestors with whom the king is buried; part of the death-formula.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (succession-notice)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (succession to the throne)→ ingressive aorist (became king / began to reign)βασιλεύω: 'be king / reign'; the ingressive aorist ('became king') with ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('in his place') is the standard succession-formula rendering וַיִּמְלֹךְ … תַּחְתָּיו.
ΙωακιμJehoiachinsubject (indeclinable proper noun: the son)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: here the son, Jehoiachin (יְהוֹיָכִין), spelled identically to his father in this Greek text; the apposition υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ('his son') distinguishes him; he is the king of the first deportation (vv. 8–16).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωακιμ ('his son')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the apposition identifies the new king as the son of the deceased, clarifying which Ιωακιμ now reigns.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (son of Jehoiakim)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (son of Jehoiakim).
ἀντ᾿in place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution: 'in his place')→ spatial or relational framingἀντί (elided ἀντ᾿): 'instead of / in place of'; in the succession-formula ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('in his stead') renders תַּחְתָּיו.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (the predecessor replaced)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (the predecessor replaced).
7

καὶ οὐ προσέθετο ἔτι βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἔλαβεν βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος ἀπὸ τοῦ χειμάρρου Αἰγύπτου ἕως τοῦ ποταμοῦ Εὐφράτου πάντα ὅσα ἦν τοῦ βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου

And the king of Egypt did not come out again from his land, for the king of Babylon had taken all that belonged to the king of Egypt, from the Wadi of Egypt to the river Euphrates.

Geopolitical aside (eclipse of Egypt before Babylon)καὶ οὐ προσέθετο ἔτι
A closing note on the regional power-shift: Egypt, which had installed Jehoiakim (23:34), is now neutralized — the king of Babylon has seized everything from the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates. The Hebraistic οὐ προσέθετο … ἐξελθεῖν ('did not add to come out' = 'no longer came out') explains why Judah's fate now lies wholly in Babylonian hands.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating προσέθετο)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέθετοdid again / addedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (auxiliary Hebraism with complementary infinitive)→ constative aorist (the cessation of Egyptian campaigns)προστίθημι (mid.): 'add / do again'; the Hebraism οὐ προσέθετο … ἐξελθεῖν ('did not add to go out' = 'no longer went out / did not again come out') calques יָסַף + infinitive, the standard idiom for 'do X again / continue to do X'.
ἔτιagain / anymoretemporal adverb (reinforcing 'no longer')→ clausal contributionἔτι: 'still / yet / longer'; with the negated προσέθετο it reinforces 'no longer / not again' (rendering עוֹד).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of προσέθετο→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human); the king of Egypt (Pharaoh Necho), who had dominated Judah before Babylon's ascendancy.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of place (defining the king's realm)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος (gen. Αἰγύπτου): 'Egypt'; declined as a second-declension noun (hence kind n with genitive); renders מִצְרַיִם.
ἐξελθεῖνto come outAor Act Inf · ἐξέρχομαιcomplementary infinitive (with προσέθετο)→ complementary infinitive (military 'going out')ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; here of marching out on campaign; renders יָצָא; with προσέθετο it forms the idiom 'no longer marched out'.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ ('out of his land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; Egypt's own territory, beyond which its king no longer ventured.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the king of Egypt's land)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the king of Egypt's land).
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (introducing the reason)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the explanation for Egypt's withdrawal — Babylon's seizure of its sphere of influence.
ἔλαβενhad takenAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωverb of causal clause (Babylon's conquest)→ constative aorist (the completed annexation)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize'; renders לָקַח; here the king of Babylon's seizure of all formerly Egyptian-controlled territory in the Levant.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἔλαβεν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human); the king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar, now master of the region.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place (defining the king's realm)→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire whose dominance now extends to Egypt's border.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (start of geographical span)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: with ἕως, marks the full territorial extent ('from … to …') of the seized lands.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουWadi / brookGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό ('from the Wadi of Egypt')→ relational specificationχείμαρρος: 'winter-torrent / wadi / brook'; the χειμάρρους Αἰγύπτου ('Wadi of Egypt', Naḥal Mizraim, the Wadi el-Arish) renders נַחַל מִצְרַיִם, the traditional southwestern boundary of the land.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of definition (with χειμάρρου)→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: here defining the Wadi as the boundary-stream of Egypt.
ἕωςto / as far aspreposition + genitive (end of geographical span)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; with ἀπό it completes the merism of total territorial extent reaching to the Euphrates.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (genitive)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverGenitivegenitive object of ἕως ('to the river')→ relational specificationποταμός: 'river'; here ὁ ποταμός par excellence, the Euphrates, the great northeastern frontier of the land.
ΕὐφράτουEuphratesGenitivegenitive in apposition to ποταμοῦ→ relational specificationΕὐφράτης (gen. Εὐφράτου): the river Euphrates; declined as a first-declension masculine (hence kind n with genitive); the idealized northern boundary of the promised land.
πάνταallAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / everything'; the totality of formerly Egyptian-held territory that Babylon seized.
ὅσαas much asNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἦν: 'whatever was')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatever'; relative quantifying πάντα ('all that belonged to the king of Egypt').
ἦνbelonged toImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (possessive 'was [the property] of')→ stative imperfect (prior ownership)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be'; with the genitive of possession (τοῦ βασιλέως) it means 'belonged to' — 'all that belonged to the king of Egypt'.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἦν: 'belonged to the king')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king' (human); the possessive genitive marking the prior ownership of the territory by the Egyptian crown.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of place (defining 'the king of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος: defining the king as Egypt's; the repeated Αἰγύπτου (×3 in the verse) underscores the comprehensiveness of Egypt's loss.
8

υἱὸς ὀκτωκαίδεκα ἐτῶν Ιωακιμ ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ τρίμηνον ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ Νεσθα θυγάτηρ Ελλαναθαν ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ

Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Nestha, daughter of Ellanathan, from Jerusalem.

Accession formula (introducing the new reign of Jehoiachin)υἱὸς ὀκτωκαίδεκα ἐτῶν
The standard accession-formula: age at accession ('a son of eighteen years'), length of reign ('three months'), and the queen mother's name and provenance. The brevity (τρίμηνον, 'three months') signals a reign cut short by the Babylonian conquest narrated immediately following.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
υἱὸςsonNominativepredicate nominative (idiom: 'a son of [x] years' = aged x)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the idiom υἱὸς … ἐτῶν ('a son of [so many] years') renders בֶּן … שָׁנָה, the standard Hebraic way of stating age — here 'eighteen years old'.
ὀκτωκαίδεκαeighteenindeclinable numeral (modifying ἐτῶν)→ clausal contributionὀκτωκαίδεκα: 'eighteen'; indeclinable cardinal numeral; Jehoiachin's age at accession (the parallel at 2 Chr 36:9 reads 'eight', a textual variant).
ἐτῶνyearsGenitivegenitive of measure (with υἱός: 'of years')→ relational specificationἔτος (gen. pl. ἐτῶν): 'year'; the descriptive genitive of measure in the age-idiom.
ΙωακιμJehoiachinsubject (indeclinable proper noun: the son, now king)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: here Jehoiachin (יְהוֹיָכִין), the eighteen-year-old king whose three-month reign ends in the first deportation; spelled identically to his father throughout this Greek text.
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when he reigned')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: 'when / while'; the construction ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν ('in his becoming king') renders the Hebrew temporal בְּמָלְכוֹ ('when he began to reign').
τῷtheDativearticle governing articular infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto reign / began to reignPres Act Inf · βασιλεύωarticular infinitive (temporal, with ἐν τῷ: 'when he became king')→ temporal infinitive (the moment of accession)βασιλεύω: 'be king / reign'; the articular infinitive in ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν marks the time of accession ('when he began to reign').
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of the articular infinitive.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρίμηνονthree monthsAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for three months')→ object specificationτρίμηνος: 'of three months / a three-month period'; the accusative of extent of time marks the brevity of Jehoiachin's reign before his surrender to Babylon.
ἐβασίλευσενhe reignedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (length-of-reign notice)→ constative aorist (the whole brief reign viewed as a unit)βασιλεύω: 'reign'; the constative aorist sums up the three-month reign as a single completed span.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun: place of reign)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the royal capital where Jehoiachin reigned.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing queen-mother notice)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (verbless clause: 'the name [was] Nestha')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the verbless clause ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ ('the name to his mother [was]') renders the Hebrew שֵׁם אִמּוֹ, the fixed formula introducing the queen mother (gĕbîrâ).
τῇthe / to theDativearticle (dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὶmotherDativedative of possession ('his mother's name')→ sphere or referenceμήτηρ (dat. μητρί): 'mother'; the dative of possession in the queen-mother formula; the gĕbîrâ ('queen mother') held a recognized rank at the Judahite court (cf. v. 12, 15).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship (the king's mother)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship (the king's mother).
ΝεσθαNesthapredicate (indeclinable proper noun: the queen mother's name)→ participant identificationΝεσθα: transliteration of Hebrew נְחֻשְׁתָּא (Nehushta); indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the queen mother, daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem.
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativenominative in apposition to Νεσθα→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; in apposition, giving the queen mother's patronymic ('daughter of Ellanathan').
Ελλαναθανof Ellanathangenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun, with θυγάτηρ)→ participant identificationΕλλαναθαν: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְנָתָן (Elnathan); indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the father of Nehushta, from Jerusalem.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (provenance)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ before vowel): 'from / out of'; marking the family's place of origin.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of ἐξ (indeclinable proper noun: place of origin)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the queen mother's family is of Jerusalem itself — unlike many royal mothers from outlying towns.
9

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ

And he did what was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that his father had done.

Regnal evaluation formula (Deuteronomistic verdict)καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν
The fixed Deuteronomistic evaluation: ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς κυρίου ('did the evil in the eyes of the LORD'). Jehoiachin's verdict is assimilated to his father's (κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ), continuing the dynastic chain of apostasy that justifies the coming judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the evaluation formula)→ constative aorist (the moral character of the whole reign)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; in the fixed phrase ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρόν ('did the evil') it delivers the Deuteronomistic verdict on the king's reign.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with πονηρόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object: 'the evil')→ object specificationπονηρός: 'evil / wicked'; the substantival τὸ πονηρόν ('that which is evil') renders הָרַע; the standard object of the evaluation formula, denoting cultic and covenantal wrongdoing.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (evaluative perspective)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: in the idiom ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς κυρίου ('in the eyes of the LORD'), expressing the divine perspective from which the deed is judged.
ὀφθαλμοῖςthe eyesDativedative of viewpoint (with ἐν: 'in the eyes')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: 'eye'; the idiom ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς κυρίου renders בְּעֵינֵי יהוה ('in the eyes of the LORD'), the standard evaluative phrase locating moral judgment in the divine assessment.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's eyes)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD whose evaluative gaze condemns the king's conduct.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm of comparison)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'according to'; here comparing the son's conduct to the father's.
πάνταallAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the formula κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ('according to all that … did') ties the evaluation to a predecessor's example (cf. vv. 3, 19).
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν: 'whatever he did')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever / as much as'; quantifies the father's deeds taken as the standard of comparison.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (the father's conduct)→ constative aorist (the father's career of evil)ποιέω: 'do'; the constative aorist sums up the father's (Jehoiakim's) evil reign as the measure of the son's.
theNominativearticle (with πατήρ)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of ἐποίησεν (relative clause)→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; here Jehoiakim, whose evil-doing (cf. v. 19, where Zedekiah too is compared to Jehoiakim) sets the pattern the son follows.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
10

ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀνέβη Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος εἰς Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἦλθεν ἡ πόλις ἐν περιοχῇ

At that time Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city came under siege.

Temporal frame: onset of the siege (main narrative)ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ
The temporal marker ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ('at that time') resumes the campaign of v. 1. The idiom ἦλθεν ἡ πόλις ἐν περιοχῇ ('the city came into siege/confinement') describes the encirclement of Jerusalem — the military pressure that forces Jehoiachin's surrender in v. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal).
τῷtheDativearticle (with καιρῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρῷtimeDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'at that time')→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: 'time / season / appointed moment'; the phrase ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ('at that time') renders בָּעֵת הַהִיא, resuming the narrative chronology.
ἐκείνῳthatDativedemonstrative adjective (modifying καιρῷ)→ sphere or referenceἐκεῖνος: 'that'; the remote demonstrative pointing back to the period of Jehoiachin's brief reign.
ἀνέβηcame upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (the Babylonian advance on Jerusalem)→ constative aorist (the military advance)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / advance'; renders עָלָה; the same campaign-verb as in v. 1, here Nebuchadnezzar 'goes up' specifically against Jerusalem.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: the Babylonian king (see v. 1); indeclinable; now personally leading the siege of Jerusalem.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ναβουχοδονοσορ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human title), in apposition to the royal name.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place (defining the king's realm)→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon (see v. 1).
εἰςagainst / topreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: 'to / against'; here of hostile advance upon Jerusalem.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of εἰς (indeclinable proper noun: target of the advance)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the besieged capital.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (the city 'came into' a state of siege)→ constative aorist (the city's passage into siege-condition)ἔρχομαι: 'come / go'; here in the idiom ἦλθεν … ἐν περιοχῇ ('came into siege'), the city is the subject and is described as passing into a state of encirclement.
theNominativearticle (with πόλις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityNominativesubject of ἦλθεν (Jerusalem under siege)→ participant prominenceπόλις: 'city'; here Jerusalem, personified as the subject that 'comes into' the condition of siege.
ἐνinto / underpreposition + dative (state: 'under siege')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: marking the resulting state — the city comes to be 'in siege' (under blockade).
περιοχῇsiege / blockadeDativedative of state (with ἐν: 'under siege')→ sphere or referenceπεριοχή: 'enclosure / confinement / siege'; from περιέχω ('surround'); here the encirclement/blockade of the city, rendering the Hebrew notion of the city being 'in siege' (cf. בַּמָּצוֹר).
11

καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ ἐπολιόρκουν ἐπ᾿ αὐτήν

And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon entered against the city while his servants were besieging it.

Narrative continuation (the personal arrival of the king)καὶ εἰσῆλθεν
The narrative tightens: the king himself comes to the city while his servants (officers/troops) press the siege. The imperfect ἐπολιόρκουν ('were besieging') gives the ongoing background action against which the king's arrival (aorist εἰσῆλθεν) is set, building toward the surrender of v. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενentered / cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (the king's arrival at the city)→ constative aorist (the king's coming to the siege)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / come in'; here of Nebuchadnezzar's personal arrival at the besieged city; renders בּוֹא; the construction εἰσῆλθεν … ἐπ᾿ αὐτήν conveys his coming up against it.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: the Babylonian king (see v. 1); indeclinable; his personal presence underscores the gravity of the siege.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ναβουχοδονοσορ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human title).
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon.
εἰςagainst / topreposition + accusative (hostile direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + accusative: 'to / against'; here of coming against the city.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλινcityAccusativeobject of εἰς (Jerusalem)→ object specificationπόλις (acc. πόλιν): 'city'; Jerusalem, the object of the king's hostile approach.
καὶand / whilecoordinate conjunction (here circumstantial: 'while')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with παῖδες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantsNominativesubject of ἐπολιόρκουν (the king's officers/troops)→ participant prominenceπαῖς (pl. παῖδες): 'child / servant / official'; renders עֶבֶד; here the king's officers and troops who conduct the siege under his command.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the king's servants)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the king's servants).
ἐπολιόρκουνwere besiegingImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · πολιορκέωmain verb (durative background to the king's arrival)→ durative imperfect (the siege in progress)πολιορκέω: 'besiege / blockade a city'; the imperfect ἐπολιόρκουν depicts the siege as ongoing background action against which the king's arrival is set.
ἐπ᾿against / uponpreposition + accusative (object of the siege; elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί (elided ἐπ᾿) + accusative: 'against / upon'; marking the city as the object of the siege (a redundant Hebraizing complement to the transitive verb).
αὐτήνitAccusativeobject of ἐπ᾿ (the besieged city)→ participant referenceαὐτή (acc. αὐτήν): 'it', referring to ἡ πόλις (the feminine 'city'), the object of the siege.
12

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ιωακιμ βασιλεὺς Ιουδα ἐπὶ βασιλέα Βαβυλῶνος αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ εὐνοῦχοι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλαβεν αὐτὸν βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος ἐν ἔτει ὀγδόῳ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ

And Jehoiachin king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon — he and his servants and his mother and his officials and his eunuchs — and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign.

Climax of the siege: the king's surrender (main narrative)καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ιωακιμ
Jehoiachin surrenders: ἐξῆλθεν … ἐπὶ βασιλέα ('went out to the king') is the formal act of capitulation. The fivefold listing (he, servants, mother, officials, eunuchs) anticipates the deportation roster of vv. 14–16. The dating ἐν ἔτει ὀγδόῳ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ('in the eighth year of his [Nebuchadnezzar's] reign') fixes the event at 597 BC.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent out / surrenderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (the king's act of surrender)→ constative aorist (the formal capitulation)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; ἐξῆλθεν … ἐπὶ βασιλέα ('went out to the king') is the technical idiom for surrendering oneself to a besieging enemy — voluntary capitulation to spare the city.
ΙωακιμJehoiachinsubject (indeclinable proper noun: the son, Jehoiachin)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: here Jehoiachin, who surrenders to Nebuchadnezzar; indeclinable; the title βασιλεὺς Ιουδα makes clear he is the reigning king.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Ιωακιμ→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human title); βασιλεὺς Ιουδα ('king of Judah') in apposition to Jehoiachin.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of place (indeclinable proper noun, with βασιλεύς)→ participant identificationΙουδα: indeclinable; the kingdom of which Jehoiachin is king.
ἐπὶto / beforepreposition + accusative (direction: surrender 'to' the king)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: here 'to / up to', marking the one to whom Jehoiachin surrenders.
βασιλέαkingAccusativeobject of ἐπί (the king of Babylon, to whom he surrenders)→ object specificationβασιλεύς (acc. βασιλέα): 'king' (human); the king of Babylon, recipient of the surrender.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeintensive pronoun (heading the list of those who surrendered)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'he himself'; the intensive nominative heads the appositional roster of those who went out with the king — the royal household and court.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with παῖδες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantsNominativeappositional list-member ('his servants')→ participant prominenceπαῖς (pl. παῖδες): 'servant / official'; here the royal retainers who surrender with the king.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with μήτηρ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherNominativeappositional list-member ('his mother', the queen mother)→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: 'mother'; the queen mother Nehushta (v. 8), whose surrender and deportation (v. 15) reflect the gĕbîrâ's high court status.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςofficials / princesNominativeappositional list-member ('his officials')→ participant prominenceἄρχων (pl. ἄρχοντες): 'ruler / official / prince'; renders שָׂרִים; the high officers of state, deported in the first wave (cf. v. 14).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with εὐνοῦχοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐνοῦχοιeunuchs / courtiersNominativeappositional list-member ('his eunuchs')→ participant prominenceεὐνοῦχος: 'eunuch / court official'; renders סָרִיס; the palace courtiers/officials, completing the roster of the royal court that surrenders and is deported.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming main action)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtook / capturedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (the king of Babylon takes Jehoiachin captive)→ constative aorist (the act of capture)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize / capture'; renders לָקַח; here the king of Babylon 'takes' Jehoiachin into custody — the capture that initiates the deportation.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν (Jehoiachin)→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἔλαβεν (Jehoiachin).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἔλαβεν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human); the king of Babylon as captor.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal: dating the capture)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: dating the capture).
ἔτειyearDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'in the … year')→ sphere or referenceἔτος (dat. ἔτει): 'year'; the dating-formula ἐν ἔτει ὀγδόῳ ('in the eighth year') fixes the capture at 597 BC, the eighth regnal year of Nebuchadnezzar.
ὀγδόῳeighthDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἔτει)→ sphere or referenceὄγδοος: 'eighth'; the ordinal dating the deportation to Nebuchadnezzar's eighth year (the 'his reign' here being the Babylonian king's, who is the immediate antecedent and the active agent of the verse).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with βασιλείας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςreign / kingshipGenitivegenitive (with ἔτει: 'year of his reign')→ relational specificationβασιλεία: 'kingship / reign / kingdom'; here the regnal count ('the eighth year of his reign') of Nebuchadnezzar, dating the first deportation.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the king of Babylon's reign)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the king of Babylon's reign).
13

καὶ ἐξήνεγκεν ἐκεῖθεν πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς οἴκου κυρίου καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ συνέκοψεν πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ χρυσᾶ ἃ ἐποίησεν Σαλωμων βασιλεὺς Ισραηλ ἐν τῷ ναῷ κυρίου κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου

And he carried off from there all the treasures of the house of the LORD and the treasures of the king's house, and he cut up all the gold vessels which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD, according to the word of the LORD.

Plundering of the temple and palace (main narrative)καὶ ἐξήνεγκεν ἐκεῖθεν
The sacrilegious despoiling: the treasures of both temple and palace are carried off, and the gold vessels Solomon had made are cut up (συνέκοψεν). The closing κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('according to the word of the LORD') echoes v. 2's κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου, framing even this desecration as prophetic fulfilment (cf. the warning to Hezekiah, 20:17).
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήνεγκενcarried offAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐκφέρωmain verb (removal of the treasures)→ constative aorist (the act of plunder)ἐκφέρω: 'carry out / bring out / remove'; renders יָצָא (Hiphil); here the king of Babylon carries the temple and palace treasures out of Jerusalem to Babylon.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereadverb of place (source: 'from there' = Jerusalem)→ clausal contributionἐκεῖθεν: 'from there / thence'; the deictic adverb marks Jerusalem as the place from which the treasures are removed.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θησαυρούς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the temple treasures plundered.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with θησαυρούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςtreasuresAccusativedirect object of ἐξήνεγκεν→ object specificationθησαυρός: 'treasure / store / treasury'; renders אוֹצָר; the accumulated wealth of the temple, now plundered (fulfilling the warning of 20:17).
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of possession ('treasures of the house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; οἶκος κυρίου ('house of the LORD') is the standard designation of the Jerusalem temple, rendering בֵּית יהוה.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's house)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the temple as the LORD's house, now despoiled.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with θησαυρούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυροὺςtreasuresAccusativedirect object (second: of the palace)→ object specificationθησαυρός: here the treasures of the royal palace, plundered alongside the temple's.
οἴκουof the houseGenitivegenitive of possession ('the king's house')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house'; οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως ('house of the king') = the royal palace.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of possession (the palace of the king of Judah)→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king' (human); here the king of Judah, whose palace treasures are seized.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέκοψενcut up / broke in piecesAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συγκόπτωmain verb (destruction of the gold vessels)→ constative aorist (the act of cutting up)συγκόπτω: 'cut up / cut to pieces / break in pieces'; renders קָצַץ; the cutting up of Solomon's gold vessels (to facilitate transport and melting) is an act of cultic desecration fulfilling 20:17; the parallel at 25:13–15 details the later destruction of the bronze.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the gold cultic vessels.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativedirect object of συνέκοψεν→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement / article'; renders כְּלִי; the temple's cultic gold vessels made by Solomon (cf. 1 Kgs 7:48–50).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with χρυσᾶ)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσᾶgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (second-attributive: 'the gold vessels')→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'made of gold / golden'; renders זָהָב; the gold vessels are singled out as the most valuable cultic objects, cut up for their precious metal.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν, antecedent σκεύη)→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν, antecedent σκεύη).
ἐποίησενmadeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (Solomon as subject)→ constative aorist (Solomon's original making of the vessels)ποιέω: 'make'; renders עָשָׂה; the relative clause recalls the glory of the Solomonic temple furnishings (1 Kgs 7), heightening the pathos of their destruction.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonsubject of relative clause (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΣαλωμων: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (Solomon); indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); the temple-builder whose gold vessels are now destroyed.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Σαλωμων→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human title); 'Solomon king of Israel', the builder of the first temple.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of place (indeclinable proper noun, with βασιλεύς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); here Solomon as king of (united) Israel.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
τῷtheDativearticle (with ναῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναῷtemple / sanctuaryDativelocative dative (with ἐν: 'in the temple')→ sphere or referenceναός: 'temple / sanctuary / shrine'; renders הֵיכָל; the inner sanctuary of the LORD's house where the gold vessels stood.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's temple)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the sanctuary belongs to the LORD.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm: prophetic fulfilment)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'according to'; introduces the theological frame — the despoiling fulfils the LORD's word.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / utterance / thing'; renders דָּבָר; κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('according to the word of the LORD') is synonymous with v. 2's κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου — here pointing to Isaiah's word to Hezekiah that the temple treasures would be carried to Babylon (20:17).
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (the word that is the LORD's)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine author of the prophetic word now fulfilled.
14

καὶ ἀπῴκισεν τὴν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ τοὺς δυνατοὺς ἰσχύι αἰχμαλωσίας δέκα χιλιάδας αἰχμαλωτίσας καὶ πᾶν τέκτονα καὶ τὸν συγκλείοντα καὶ οὐχ ὑπελείφθη πλὴν οἱ πτωχοὶ τῆς γῆς

And he deported all Jerusalem and all the officials and the mighty men of valor — ten thousand captives taken into exile — and every craftsman and the smith; and none was left except the poor of the land.

The first deportation: the deportation roster (main narrative)καὶ ἀπῴκισεν τὴν Ιερουσαλημ
The first deportation (597 BC) is enumerated: officials, warriors (ten thousand captives), craftsmen, and the smith — the entire leadership and skilled class. The summary οὐχ ὑπελείφθη πλὴν οἱ πτωχοὶ τῆς γῆς ('none was left except the poor of the land') stresses the totality of the removal, leaving only the powerless.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῴκισενdeported / carried into exileAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποικίζωmain verb (the deportation)→ constative aorist (the act of deportation)ἀποικίζω: 'remove to a colony / deport / carry into exile'; renders גָּלָה (Hiphil); the technical term for the forced resettlement of a population — here the first exile of Jerusalem's leadership to Babylon.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιερουσαλημ)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemdirect object of ἀπῴκισεν (indeclinable proper noun, with article τήν)→ noun-phrase markingΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; here a metonymy for the city's population, deported into exile.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄρχοντας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the entirety of the officials deported.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἄρχοντας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςofficials / princesAccusativedirect object (deportation roster: the officials)→ object specificationἄρχων (pl. ἄρχοντας): 'ruler / official / prince'; renders שָׂרִים; the governing class of Judah, removed to cripple the kingdom's leadership.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with δυνατούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνατοὺςmighty menAccusativesubstantival adjective (deportation roster: the warriors)→ object specificationδυνατός: 'mighty / powerful / able'; substantival 'mighty men'; with ἰσχύι ('in strength') renders גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל ('mighty men of valor'), the warrior class deported to disarm Judah.
ἰσχύιin strengthDativedative of respect (qualifying δυνατούς: 'mighty in strength')→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: 'strength / might / force'; the dative of respect specifies the sphere of the men's might — 'mighty in/of strength', i.e. seasoned warriors.
αἰχμαλωσίαςof captivityGenitivegenitive (with χιλιάδας: 'captives' / partitive of captivity)→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: 'captivity / band of captives'; renders גָּלוּת / שְׁבִי; here genitive of definition with the number — 'ten thousand of captivity', i.e. ten thousand captives.
δέκαtenindeclinable numeral (with χιλιάδας: 'ten thousand')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable cardinal; δέκα χιλιάδας = 'ten thousand', the round figure of the first deportation.
χιλιάδαςthousandsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the number of captives)→ object specificationχιλιάς: 'a thousand / group of a thousand'; δέκα χιλιάδας ('ten thousands' = ten thousand) quantifies the deportees.
αἰχμαλωτίσαςhaving taken captiveAor Act Ptcp Nom Sg Masc · αἰχμαλωτίζωcircumstantial participle (modifying the subject: 'taking captive')→ coincident aorist participle (the manner of the deportation)αἰχμαλωτίζω: 'take captive / lead into captivity'; the aorist participle describes the king of Babylon as 'having taken captive' the ten thousand — a cognate reinforcement of αἰχμαλωσίας.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying τέκτονα: 'every craftsman')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the neuter πᾶν here used collectively with τέκτονα — 'every craftsman' as a class.
τέκτοναcraftsmanAccusativedirect object (the artisan class deported)→ object specificationτέκτων: 'craftsman / artisan / builder'; renders חָרָשׁ; the skilled artisans (carpenters, masons, metalworkers) removed to deprive Judah of its technical capacity for arms and fortification.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the participle συγκλείοντα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγκλείονταsmith / metalworkerPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · συγκλείωsubstantival participle (deportation roster: 'the smith')→ substantival participle (occupational designation)συγκλείω: lit. 'shut up together / lock'; the articular participle ὁ συγκλείων renders Hebrew מַסְגֵּר ('locksmith / metalworker / armorer'), traditionally understood as the smith who makes locks/weapons; paired with τέκτων, the two terms together denote the skilled metal- and craftsmen deported with the elite.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the summary)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotnegative particle (negating ὑπελείφθη)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπελείφθηwas leftAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὑπολείπωmain verb (summary of the deportation's totality)→ constative aorist passive (the resulting depletion)ὑπολείπω (aor. pass.): 'leave behind / leave remaining'; the passive οὐχ ὑπελείφθη ('none was left') renders לֹא נִשְׁאַר; the summary stresses that only the powerless remained after the elite were deported.
πλὴνexceptpreposition/particle (exceptive: 'except')→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'except / besides'; here exceptive, marking the sole remnant (the poor) left in the land.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πτωχοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτωχοὶpoorNominativesubstantival adjective (the remnant left behind)→ participant prominenceπτωχός: 'poor / destitute'; renders דַּלַּת הָאָרֶץ ('the poorest of the land'); the impoverished remnant deemed not worth deporting — the only ones left (cf. 25:12).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of place (with πτωχοί: 'the poor of the land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of Judah, of whose people only the poor remain.
15

καὶ ἀπῴκισεν τὸν Ιωακιμ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ τὴν μητέρα τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τοὺς εὐνούχους αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἰσχυροὺς τῆς γῆς ἀπήγαγεν ἀποικεσίαν ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα

And he deported Jehoiachin to Babylon, and the king's mother and the king's wives and his eunuchs; and the mighty men of the land he led away into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon.

The deportation of the royal household (main narrative)καὶ ἀπῴκισεν τὸν Ιωακιμ
The roster of the royal exiles: the king himself (Jehoiachin), the queen mother, the royal wives, the eunuchs, and the mighty of the land. The doubled exile-vocabulary (ἀπῴκισεν … ἀπήγαγεν ἀποικεσίαν) and the explicit ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ('from Jerusalem to Babylon') underscore the completeness of the royal house's removal.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῴκισενdeportedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποικίζωmain verb (deportation of the king and household)→ constative aorist (the act of deportation)ἀποικίζω: 'deport / carry into exile' (see v. 14); here specifically of the king and royal household removed to Babylon.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιωακιμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωακιμJehoiachindirect object of ἀπῴκισεν (indeclinable proper noun, with article τόν)→ noun-phrase markingΙωακιμ: here Jehoiachin, the deposed king deported to Babylon (where he will be released after 37 years, 25:27–30); indeclinable, with the article τόν supplying accusative force.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination of exile)→ object specificationΒαβυλών (acc. Βαβυλῶνα): the city of Babylon; declined (hence kind n with accusative); the destination of the exiles.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with μητέρα)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherAccusativedirect object (the queen mother)→ object specificationμήτηρ (acc. μητέρα): 'mother'; the queen mother Nehushta (v. 8), deported with the king (her exile confirmed by Jer 22:26; 29:2).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the king's mother')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king' (human); here Jehoiachin, whose mother and wives are listed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with γυναῖκας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwivesAccusativedirect object (the royal wives)→ object specificationγυνή (acc. pl. γυναῖκας): 'woman / wife'; renders נָשִׁים; the king's wives, deported as part of the royal household.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with βασιλέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingGenitivegenitive of relationship ('the king's wives')→ relational specificationβασιλεύς (gen. βασιλέως): 'king'; the repeated τοῦ βασιλέως binds mother and wives to the deposed Jehoiachin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with εὐνούχους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐνούχουςeunuchs / courtiersAccusativedirect object (the court eunuchs)→ object specificationεὐνοῦχος: 'eunuch / court official'; renders סָרִיס; the palace courtiers deported with the royal family (cf. v. 12).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the king's eunuchs)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the king's eunuchs).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the second clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἰσχυρούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχυροὺςmighty menAccusativesubstantival adjective (object of ἀπήγαγεν: 'the mighty of the land')→ object specificationἰσχυρός: 'strong / mighty / powerful'; substantival 'the mighty men'; renders אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ / the leading men of the land, deported to strip the country of its strength (cf. τοὺς δυνατούς, v. 14).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with γῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of place (with ἰσχυρούς: 'the mighty of the land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land'; the land of Judah, whose strong men are led away.
ἀπήγαγενled awayAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπάγωmain verb (the leading-away into exile)→ constative aorist (the deportation march)ἀπάγω: 'lead away / carry off'; renders הוֹלִיךְ / גָּלָה; with the cognate object ἀποικεσίαν it forms an emphatic 'led away into exile' — the forced march from Jerusalem to Babylon.
ἀποικεσίανinto exileAccusativecognate/adverbial accusative (with ἀπήγαγεν: 'led away as exiles')→ object specificationἀποικεσία: 'exile / deportation / colony of exiles'; renders גּוֹלָה; here a cognate-type accusative reinforcing ἀπήγαγεν — 'he led them away into captivity'.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source of the exile)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ before vowel): 'from / out of'; marking Jerusalem as the place from which the exiles are led.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of ἐξ (indeclinable proper noun: origin of exile)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the city from which the deportees are taken.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination of exile)→ object specificationΒαβυλών (acc. Βαβυλῶνα): the destination of the exile; the paired ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα maps the full trajectory of the deportation.
16

καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἄνδρας τῆς δυνάμεως ἑπτακισχιλίους καὶ τὸν τέκτονα καὶ τὸν συγκλείοντα χιλίους πάντες δυνατοὶ ποιοῦντες πόλεμον καὶ ἤγαγεν αὐτοὺς βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος μετοικεσίαν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα

And all the men of valor, seven thousand, and the craftsman and the smith, a thousand, all of them mighty men making war — these the king of Babylon brought as exiles to Babylon.

Enumeration of the military and skilled deportees (main narrative)καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἄνδρας τῆς δυνάμεως
A further itemized tally of the deportees: seven thousand fighting men and a thousand craftsmen and smiths, characterized as warriors all (πάντες δυνατοὶ ποιοῦντες πόλεμον). The verse closes the deportation account with ἤγαγεν … μετοικεσίαν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ('brought them as exiles to Babylon'), the third exile-term (after ἀπῴκισεν, ἀπήγαγεν) in the section.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἄνδρας)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the fighting men deported.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἄνδρας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object (object of the later ἤγαγεν: the men of valor)→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. pl. ἄνδρας): 'man'; with τῆς δυνάμεως ('of the army/force') it renders אַנְשֵׁי הַחַיִל ('men of valor / soldiers'), the fighting force of Judah.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (genitive, with δυνάμεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςarmy / valorGenitivegenitive of definition ('men of the army/force')→ relational specificationδύναμις: 'power / force / army'; renders חַיִל; here 'the army / military force', so ἄνδρες τῆς δυνάμεως = 'fighting men / soldiers'.
ἑπτακισχιλίουςseven thousandAccusativenumeral in apposition (the count of the warriors)→ object specificationἑπτακισχίλιοι: 'seven thousand'; the number of the fighting men deported (the figures here, 7,000 + 1,000, complement the round 10,000 of v. 14).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (list-linking)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with τέκτονα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκτοναcraftsmanAccusativedirect object (the artisan class, collective)→ object specificationτέκτων: 'craftsman / artisan'; here collective ('the craftsman' = the craftsmen as a body); see v. 14.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with the participle συγκλείοντα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγκλείονταsmith / metalworkerPres Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc · συγκλείωsubstantival participle (collective: 'the smith')→ substantival participle (occupational designation)συγκλείω: the articular participle ὁ συγκλείων = 'the smith / metalworker / armorer' (Hebrew מַסְגֵּר); see v. 14; here collective for the skilled-metal class deported.
χιλίουςa thousandAccusativenumeral in apposition (the count of craftsmen and smiths)→ object specificationχίλιοι: 'a thousand'; the number of the craftsmen and smiths deported.
πάντεςallNominativesubstantival adjective (resumptive nominative: 'all of them')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the nominative πάντες begins a loosely-attached descriptive clause ('all [were] mighty men making war'), a nominativus pendens summarizing the deportees.
δυνατοὶmighty menNominativepredicate substantive ('[were] mighty men')→ participant prominenceδυνατός: 'mighty / able'; here predicate — the deportees are characterized as warriors, fit for battle.
ποιοῦντεςmakingPres Act Ptcp Nom Pl Masc · ποιέωattributive participle (with πόλεμον: 'making war')→ characterizing present participle (habitual capacity for war)ποιέω (pres. ptcp.): 'do / make'; the idiom ποιοῦντες πόλεμον ('making/waging war') renders עֹשֵׂי מִלְחָמָה ('men trained for war / warriors'), characterizing the deportees as a fighting force.
πόλεμονwarAccusativedirect object of ποιοῦντες ('making war')→ object specificationπόλεμος: 'war / battle'; renders מִלְחָמָה; in the idiom ποιεῖν πόλεμον ('wage war'), marking the deportees as experienced combatants.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming the main verb)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγενbroughtAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἄγωmain verb (the king of Babylon brings them to exile)→ constative aorist (the act of conveying into exile)ἄγω: 'lead / bring'; renders בּוֹא (Hiphil) / הוֹלִיךְ; ἤγαγεν … μετοικεσίαν ('brought them as exiles') closes the deportation account with the third exile-verb of the section.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἤγαγεν (the deportees)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἤγαγεν (the deportees).
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἤγαγεν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human); the king of Babylon as the agent of the deportation.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon.
μετοικεσίανinto exileAccusativecognate/adverbial accusative (with ἤγαγεν: 'brought as exiles')→ object specificationμετοικεσία: 'deportation / removal / exile'; renders גָּלוּת; here a cognate-type accusative with ἤγαγεν ('brought them [as] a deportation'); the same noun heads Matthew's genealogy of 'the deportation to Babylon' (Matt 1:11–12, 17).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonAccusativeobject of εἰς (destination of exile)→ object specificationΒαβυλών (acc. Βαβυλῶνα): the destination of the exile, closing the deportation narrative.
17

καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος τὸν Μαθθανιαν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπέθηκεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Σεδεκια

And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah, his uncle, king in his place, and changed his name to Zedekiah.

Installation of the puppet-king (main narrative)καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος
Nebuchadnezzar installs a vassal: the causative ἐβασίλευσεν … τὸν Μαθθανιαν ('made Mattaniah king') with the renaming ἐπέθηκεν τὸ ὄνομα ('imposed the name', Zedekiah) is an act of overlordship — the conqueror's prerogative to rename his client-king signals total subjugation. (Μαθθανιαν is in fact Jehoiachin's uncle; υἱὸν αὐτοῦ here reflects the Greek's looser kinship usage.)
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβασίλευσενmade kingAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (causative/factitive: 'made [someone] king')→ factitive aorist (the act of enthroning a vassal)βασιλεύω: normally 'be king / reign', but here used transitively/causatively ('made [Mattaniah] king', rendering the Hiphil הִמְלִיךְ) — the conqueror appoints a puppet-king; the construction with the accusative τὸν Μαθθανιαν makes the causative sense plain.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativesubject of ἐβασίλευσεν→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: 'king' (human); the king of Babylon, exercising the conqueror's right to install a vassal.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Μαθθανιαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαθθανιανMattaniahAccusativedirect object of ἐβασίλευσεν (the one made king)→ object specificationΜαθθανιας (acc. Μαθθανιαν): transliteration of Hebrew מַתַּנְיָה (Mattaniah); declined as a first-declension masculine (hence kind n with accusative); Josiah's son and Jehoiachin's uncle, enthroned by Nebuchadnezzar and renamed Zedekiah.
υἱὸνson / kinsmanAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Μαθθανιαν→ object specificationυἱός (acc. υἱόν): 'son'; here 'his son' in the looser sense of kinsman/relative (Mattaniah was actually Jehoiachin's uncle, brother of Jehoiakim and son of Josiah; cf. 1 Chr 3:15); the Greek follows a tradition treating him as of the royal line succeeding 'in his place'.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ἀντ᾿in place ofpreposition + genitive (substitution: 'in his place')→ spatial or relational framingἀντί (elided ἀντ᾿): 'instead of / in place of'; the succession-formula ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ ('in his stead', i.e. in place of the deported Jehoiachin) renders תַּחְתָּיו.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive object of ἀντί (the deposed Jehoiachin)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of ἀντί (the deposed Jehoiachin).
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενimposed / changedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb (the act of renaming)→ constative aorist (the imposition of a new name)ἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon / impose / lay on'; the idiom ἐπέθηκεν τὸ ὄνομα ('imposed/changed the name') renders וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ ('and he changed his name'); renaming a vassal-king is an act of dominion, asserting the overlord's authority over even the client's identity (cf. 23:34, Necho renaming Eliakim 'Jehoiakim').
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄνομα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameAccusativedirect object of ἐπέθηκεν→ object specificationὄνομα: 'name'; the object of the renaming; the changed name (Zedekiah, 'YHWH is my righteousness') ironically invokes the LORD even as the king is set up by a pagan conqueror.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Mattaniah's name)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (Mattaniah's name).
ΣεδεκιαZedekiahAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τὸ ὄνομα (the new name imposed)→ object specificationΣεδεκιας (here the form Σεδεκια): transliteration of Hebrew צִדְקִיָּהוּ (Zedekiah, 'YHWH is my righteousness'); the new throne-name imposed on Mattaniah; declined as a first-declension masculine name (hence kind n), in apposition to τὸ ὄνομα.
18

υἱὸς εἴκοσι καὶ ἑνὸς ἐνιαυτοῦ Σεδεκιας ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτὸν καὶ ἕνδεκα ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ Αμιταλ θυγάτηρ Ιερεμιου

Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah.

Accession formula for Zedekiah (introducing the final reign)υἱὸς εἴκοσι καὶ ἑνὸς ἐνιαυτοῦ
The standard accession-formula introduces the last king of Judah: age at accession (twenty-one), length of reign (eleven years), and the queen mother's name and patronymic. Zedekiah's eleven-year reign will end in the destruction of ch. 25.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
υἱὸςsonNominativepredicate nominative (age-idiom: 'a son of [x] years')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the age-idiom υἱὸς … ἐνιαυτοῦ ('a son of … years') renders בֶּן … שָׁנָה, stating Zedekiah's age at accession.
εἴκοσιtwentyindeclinable numeral (with ἑνὸς: 'twenty and one')→ measure or countεἴκοσι: 'twenty'; indeclinable cardinal; with καὶ ἑνός forms 'twenty-one'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑνὸςoneGenitivenumeral (genitive agreeing with ἐνιαυτοῦ: 'of twenty-one years')→ relational specificationεἷς (gen. ἑνός): 'one'; the genitive ἑνός agrees with ἐνιαυτοῦ; εἴκοσι καὶ ἑνὸς ἐνιαυτοῦ = 'twenty-one years [old]'.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearGenitivegenitive of measure (with υἱός: 'of … years')→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: 'year'; a synonym of ἔτος, here in the age-idiom (genitive of measure); the collective singular with the numeral ('twenty-one of year').
ΣεδεκιαςZedekiahNominativesubject (the new king)→ participant prominenceΣεδεκιας: Zedekiah (צִדְקִיָּהוּ); the renamed Mattaniah (v. 17), now the reigning king; declined as a first-declension masculine (hence kind n, nominative); the last king of Judah.
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when he reigned')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: 'when / while'; ἐν τῷ βασιλεύειν αὐτόν ('when he became king') renders בְּמָלְכוֹ.
τῷtheDativearticle governing articular infinitive→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύεινto reign / began to reignPres Act Inf · βασιλεύωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he became king')→ temporal infinitive (the moment of accession)βασιλεύω: 'reign'; the articular infinitive marks the time of Zedekiah's accession.
αὐτὸνheAccusativeaccusative subject of the articular infinitive→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative subject of the articular infinitive.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕνδεκαelevenindeclinable numeral (modifying ἔτη)→ clausal contributionἕνδεκα: 'eleven'; indeclinable cardinal; the length of Zedekiah's reign (597–586 BC), ending in the fall of Jerusalem.
ἔτηyearsAccusativeaccusative of duration ('eleven years')→ object specificationἔτος (pl. ἔτη): 'year'; the accusative of extent of time measuring the reign.
ἐβασίλευσενhe reignedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · βασιλεύωmain verb (length-of-reign notice)→ constative aorist (the whole reign as a unit)βασιλεύω: 'reign'; the constative aorist sums up the eleven-year reign.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun: place of reign)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the royal capital where Zedekiah reigned.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing queen-mother notice)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνομαnameNominativesubject (verbless clause: 'the name [was] Hamutal')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the queen-mother formula ὄνομα τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ ('the name to his mother [was]'), rendering שֵׁם אִמּוֹ.
τῇthe / to theDativearticle (dative of possession)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρὶmotherDativedative of possession ('his mother's name')→ sphere or referenceμήτηρ (dat. μητρί): 'mother'; the queen mother of Zedekiah; (Hamutal was also the mother of Jehoahaz, 23:31 — so Zedekiah was full brother to Jehoahaz, both sons of Josiah).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of relationship.
ΑμιταλHamutalpredicate (indeclinable proper noun: the queen mother's name)→ participant identificationΑμιταλ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲמוּטַל (Hamutal); indeclinable in the LXX (hence kind x, no case); daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah, mother of both Zedekiah and Jehoahaz (23:31).
θυγάτηρdaughterNominativenominative in apposition to Αμιταλ→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: 'daughter'; giving the queen mother's patronymic ('daughter of Jeremiah').
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahGenitivegenitive of relationship (with θυγάτηρ: 'daughter of Jeremiah')→ relational specificationΙερεμιας (gen. Ιερεμιου): transliteration of Hebrew יִרְמְיָהוּ (Jeremiah, here a man of Libnah, not the prophet); declined as a first-declension masculine (hence kind n with genitive); Hamutal's father.
19

καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον κυρίου κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν Ιωακιμ

And he did what was evil before the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

Regnal evaluation formula for Zedekiah (Deuteronomistic verdict)καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν
The closing evaluation-formula, with ἐνώπιον κυρίου ('before the LORD') varying the ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς κυρίου of v. 9. Zedekiah is measured against Jehoiakim (κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν Ιωακιμ), continuing the chain of royal apostasy that culminates in the destruction of ch. 25.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενhe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the evaluation formula)→ constative aorist (the moral character of the reign)ποιέω: 'do'; in the fixed phrase ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρόν it delivers the Deuteronomistic verdict on Zedekiah's reign (cf. v. 9).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with πονηρόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονηρὸνevilAccusativesubstantival adjective (direct object: 'the evil')→ object specificationπονηρός: 'evil / wicked'; the substantival τὸ πονηρόν ('the evil') renders הָרַע, the standard object of the evaluation formula.
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the sight ofpreposition + genitive (evaluative perspective)→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: 'before / in the presence/sight of'; a Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי / בְּעֵינֵי; here varying the ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς of v. 9, both expressing the divine evaluative standpoint.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιον (the LORD's sight)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the LORD before whom the evil is committed and judged.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm of comparison)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + accusative: 'according to'; comparing Zedekiah's conduct to Jehoiakim's.
πάνταallAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (antecedent of ὅσα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the formula κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ties Zedekiah's verdict to Jehoiakim's precedent (cf. vv. 3, 9).
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν: 'whatever he did')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'whatever / as much as'; quantifies Jehoiakim's deeds as the standard.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωverb of relative clause (Jehoiakim's conduct)→ constative aorist (Jehoiakim's career of evil)ποιέω: 'do'; the constative aorist sums up Jehoiakim's evil reign as the measure of Zedekiah's.
ΙωακιμJehoiakimsubject of relative clause (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: here Jehoiakim, the earlier king whose evil-doing serves as the benchmark; indeclinable; the comparison continues the dynastic chain of apostasy.
20

ὅτι ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ἦν ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐν τῷ Ιουδα ἕως ἀπέρριψεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἠθέτησεν Σεδεκιας ἐν τῷ βασιλεῖ Βαβυλῶνος

For it was because of the wrath of the LORD against Jerusalem and against Judah, until he cast them out from his presence. And Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

Theological summary and bridge to ch. 25 (narrator's closure)ὅτι ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου
The chapter closes by recapitulating the theological key of v. 3 (ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ἦν, 'it was because of the wrath of the LORD'), now extended to the casting-out (ἀπέρριψεν) of Jerusalem and Judah 'from his presence'. The final clause — Zedekiah's rebellion (ἠθέτησεν, the verb of v. 1) against Babylon — provides the immediate cause that precipitates the final siege of ch. 25, closing the inclusio of rebellion that frames the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (introducing the theological summary)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; introduces the explanatory summary attributing the whole disaster to the LORD's wrath.
ἐπὶbecause of / according topreposition + accusative (causal/normative)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: causal/normative ('because of / on account of'); ἐπὶ τὸν θυμὸν κυρίου ('because of the wrath of the LORD') echoes v. 3 verbatim, framing the section by inclusio.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with θυμόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸνwrathAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί→ object specificationθυμός: 'anger / wrath'; renders אַף / חֵמָה; the divine wrath that drives the whole judgment, recapitulated from v. 3.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (the wrath that is the LORD's)→ relational specificationκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the wrath is the LORD's covenantal anger against his people.
ἦνit wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (impersonal/copular: 'it was [so]')→ stative imperfect (an enduring condition)εἰμί (impf. ἦν): 'be'; here nearly impersonal ('it was [so] against Jerusalem'), the ongoing condition of judgment under which the city stood (as in v. 3).
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction: 'against Jerusalem')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + accusative: here directional-adversative ('against / upon'), the wrath directed against the city.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemobject of ἐπί (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: indeclinable; the city against which the LORD's wrath was directed.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνagainst / inpreposition + dative (Hebraizing: 'against Judah')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here locative-adversative ('in/against Judah'), parallel to ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ; the wrath extends to the whole land.
τῷtheDativearticle (with indeclinable Ιουδα)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahobject of ἐν (indeclinable proper noun, with article τῷ)→ noun-phrase markingΙουδα: indeclinable; the article τῷ supplies dative force; the kingdom of Judah, also under the wrath.
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (introducing the result: 'until he cast out')→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: 'until'; here temporal-consecutive, marking the terminus of the wrath — the casting-out of the people from the LORD's presence.
ἀπέρριψενhe cast outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπορρίπτωverb of temporal clause (the LORD's rejection of the people)→ constative aorist (the decisive act of casting-out)ἀπορρίπτω: 'throw away / cast off / reject'; renders הִשְׁלִיךְ; the violent verb ('cast away from his presence') expresses the LORD's definitive rejection of Judah — the language of covenantal exile (cf. ἀποστῆσαι, v. 3; Jer 7:15).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἀπέρριψεν (the people of Jerusalem and Judah)→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἀπέρριψεν (the people of Jerusalem and Judah).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (separation).
προσώπουthe presenceGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (idiom: 'from before the face of')→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: 'face / presence'; ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ('from his presence') renders מֵעַל פָּנָיו; the language of being cast out of the LORD's presence, the climax of covenantal rejection (echoing v. 3).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the LORD's presence)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (the LORD's presence).
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the bridge to ch. 25)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠθέτησενrebelled / broke faithAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀθετέωmain verb (Zedekiah's rebellion)→ constative aorist (the decisive act of revolt)ἀθετέω: 'set aside / break faith / rebel'; renders מָרַד; the same verb as v. 1 (Jehoiakim's rebellion), closing the chapter by inclusio; Zedekiah's revolt against Babylon is the immediate trigger of the final siege and destruction (ch. 25).
ΣεδεκιαςZedekiahNominativesubject of ἠθέτησεν→ participant prominenceΣεδεκιας: Zedekiah (צִדְקִיָּהוּ); declined as first-declension masculine (hence kind n, nominative); the rebel vassal whose treachery brings on the catastrophe.
ἐνagainstpreposition + dative (Hebraizing: 'rebelled against')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dative: here a Hebraism (ἠθέτησεν ἐν τῷ βασιλεῖ) rendering מָרַד בְּ ('rebel against'), exactly as in v. 1 — ἐν calques the Hebrew בְּ marking the object of rebellion.
τῷtheDativearticle (with βασιλεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingDativedative object of ἐν (the king of Babylon rebelled against)→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς (dat. βασιλεῖ): 'king' (human); the king of Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar), against whom Zedekiah rebels — the act that ends the kingdom of Judah.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonGenitivegenitive of place (defining the king's realm)→ relational specificationΒαβυλών (gen. Βαβυλῶνος): the empire of Babylon; the closing word of the chapter names the power that will execute the LORD's judgment in ch. 25.