1
ὡς δὲ καὶ οὗτος μακαρίως ἀπέθανεν καταβληθεὶς εἰς λέβητα ὁ ἕβδομος παρεγίνετο πάντων νεώτερος
And when this one too had died blessedly, after being thrown into the cauldron, the seventh came forward, the youngest of all.
The narrative reaches the last brother, emphasizing both his youth and the accumulated force of the preceding deaths.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὡςasC · ὡςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowὡς: as; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandD · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewοὗτος: this; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
μακαρίωςblessedlyD · μακαρίωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowμακαρίως: blessedly; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseθνήσκω + ἀπο: he died; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καταβληθεὶςhaving been thrownVC · αππνσμ βάλλω + καταverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseβάλλω + κατα: having been thrown; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationεἰς: into; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
λέβηταcauldronN3T ASM · λέβηςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementλέβης: cauldron; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἕβδομοςebdomosA1 NSM · ἕβδομοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierἕβδομος: ebdomos; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
παρεγίνετοcameV1I IMI3S · γίγνομαι + παραverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseγίγνομαι + παρα: came; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπᾶς: all; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
νεώτεροςyoungestA1A NSMC · νέοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierνεώτερος: youngest; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
2
ὃν κατοικτίρας ὁ τύραννος καίπερ δεινῶς ὑπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ κακισθείς ὁρῶν ἤδη τὰ δεσμὰ περικείμενα πλησιέστερον αὐτὸν μετεπέμψατο καὶ παρηγορεῖν ἐπειρᾶτο λέγων
And the tyrant, feeling pity for him, though he had been grievously abused by this boy's brothers, and seeing that the bonds were already placed around him, summoned him closer and tried to encourage him, saying,
Antiochus temporarily exchanges overt brutality for manipulative pity and persuasion.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewὅς: which; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
κατοικτίραςhaving pitiedVA · ααπνσμ οἰκτείρω + καταverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseοἰκτείρω + κατα: having pitied; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τύραννοςrulerN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierτύραννος: tyrant; royal ruler whose coercive power is repeatedly contrasted with divine law and reason.
καίπερalthoughC · καίπερparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαίπερ: although; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
δεινῶςgrievouslyD · δεινῶςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowδεινῶς: grievously; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationὑπό: under; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀδελφός: brothers; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: him; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
κακισθείςhaving been abusedVS · αππνσμ κακίζωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseκακίζω: having been abused; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ὁρῶνseeingV3 · παπνσμ ὁράωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseὁράω: seeing; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἤδηalreadyD · ἤδηparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowἤδη: already; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementὁ: the; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
δεσμὰbondsN2 APN · δεσμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementδεσμός: bonds; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
περικείμεναlying aroundV5 · πμπαπν κεῖμαι + περιverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseκεῖμαι + περι: lying around; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
πλησιέστερονcloserA1A ASMC · πλησίονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementπλησίον: closer; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: him; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
μετεπέμψατο + metaVAI AMI3S · πέμπω + μεταverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseμετεπέμψατο: + meta; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
παρηγορεῖνto encourageV2 PAN · ἠγορέω + παραverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseἠγορέω + παρα: to encourage; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἐπειρᾶτοpeiraoV3I IMI3S · πειράωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseἐπειρᾶτο: peirao; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseλέγω: saying; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
3
τῆς μὲν τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου ἀπονοίας τὸ τέλος ὁρᾷς διὰ γὰρ ἀπείθειαν στρεβλωθέντες τεθνᾶσιν
'You see the outcome of your brothers' madness; for through disobedience they have died under torture.'
The tyrant tries to reinterpret martyrdom as irrational self-destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τῆςtheRA GSF · ἡarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μὲνindeedX · μένnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleμέν: indeed; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀδελφός: brothers; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewσύ: your; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ἀπονοίαςmadnessN1A GSF · ἀπόνοιαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀπόνοια: madness; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementὁ: the; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τέλοςend / completionN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementτέλος: end / completion; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὁρᾷςseeV3 PAI2S · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionὁράω: see; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationδιά: through; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
γὰρforX · γάρparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowγάρ: for; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀπείθειανdisobedienceN1A ASF · ἀπείθειαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementἀπείθεια: disobedience; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
στρεβλωθέντεςhaving been torturedVC · αππνπμ στρεβλόωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseστρεβλόω: having been tortured; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τεθνᾶσινthey have diedVX XAI3P · θνήσκωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionθνήσκω: they have died; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
4
σὺ δὲ εἰ μὲν μὴ πεισθείης τάλας βασανισθεὶς καὶ αὐτὸς τεθνήξῃ πρὸ ὥρας
'But you, if you will not be persuaded, miserable boy, will yourself also be tortured and die before your time.'
The offer of mercy is sharpened by a threat of premature death.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewσύ: you; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
εἰifC · εἰparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowεἰ: if; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
μὲνindeedX · μένnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleμέν: indeed; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
μὴnotD · μήparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowμή: not; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
πεισθείηςtrust / relyVS APO2S · πείθωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseπείθω: trust / rely; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τάλαςmiserable oneA3 NSM · τάλαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierτάλας: miserable one; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
βασανισθεὶςtormentedVS · αππνσμ βασανίζωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseβασανίζω: tormented; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καὶandD · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: he himself; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
τεθνήξῃdieVF FMI2S · θνήσκωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionθνήσκω: die; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationπρό: before; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
ὥραςhourN1A GSF · ὥραgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionὥρα: hour; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
5
πεισθεὶς δὲ φίλος ἔσῃ καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἀφηγήσῃ πραγμάτων
'But if you are persuaded, you will be my friend and will hold authority over the affairs of the kingdom.'
Antiochus adds status and political advancement to the promise of survival.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πεισθεὶςpersuadeVS · αππνσμ πείθωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseπεισθεὶς: persuade; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
φίλοςfriendA1 NSM · φίλοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierφίλος: friend; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἔσῃyou shall beVF FMI2S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionεἰμί: you shall be; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἐπί: upon; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionβασιλεία: kingdom; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀφηγήσῃyou will governVF FMI2S · ἡγέομαι + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseἡγέομαι + ἀπο: you will govern; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
πραγμάτωνaffairsN3M GPN · πρᾶγμαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπρᾶγμα: affairs; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
6
καὶ ταῦτα παρακαλῶν τὴν μητέρα τοῦ παιδὸς μετεπέμψατο ὅπως αὐτὴν ἐλεήσας τοσούτων υἱῶν στερηθεῖσαν παρορμήσειεν ἐπὶ τὴν σωτήριον εὐπείθειαν τὸν περιλειπόμενον
And while urging these things, he sent for the boy's mother so that, pitying her after the loss of so many sons, he might move the one left behind toward the life-saving compliance.
The tyrant attempts to use maternal grief itself as an instrument of coercion.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewοὗτος: these things; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
παρακαλῶνencouragingV2 · παπνσμ καλέω + παραverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseπαρακαλῶν: encouraging; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementμήτηρ: mother; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
παιδὸςservantN3D GSM · παῖςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπαῖς: servant; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
μετεπέμψατο + metaVAI AMI3S · πέμπω + μεταverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseμετεπέμψατο: + meta; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowὅπως: so that; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: it; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ἐλεήσαςhaving pitiedVA · ααπνσμ ἐλεέωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseἐλεέω: having pitied; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τοσούτωνso manyA1 GPM · τοσοῦτοgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionτοσοῦτο: so many; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionυἱός: sons; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
στερηθεῖσανhaving been deprivedVC · αππασφ στερέωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseστερέω: having been deprived; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
παρορμήσειενhe might persuadeVA AAO3S · ὁρμάω + παραverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseὁρμάω + παρα: he might persuade; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἐπί: upon; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σωτήριονpeace offeringA1B ASF · σωτήριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementσωτήριος: peace offering; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐπείθειανobedienceN1A ASF · εὐπείθειαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementεὐπείθεια: obedience; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
περιλειπόμενονremainingV1 · πμπασμ λείπω + περιverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseλείπω + περι: remaining; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
7
ὁ δὲ τῆς μητρὸς τῇ Εβραί̈δι φωνῇ προτρεψαμένης αὐτόν ὡς ἐροῦμεν μετὰ μικρὸν ὕστερον
But when his mother urged him on in the Hebrew tongue, as we shall relate a little later,
The narrative briefly postpones the mother's speech while making clear that she strengthens, rather than weakens, her son.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionμήτηρ: of the mother; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
Εβραί̈διHebrewA3 DSF · Εβραί̈ςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationΕβραί̈ς: Hebrew; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
φωνῇwith a voiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationφωνή: with a voice; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
προτρεψαμένηςhaving encouragedVA · αμπγσφ τρέπω + προverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseτρέπω + προ: having encouraged; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: him; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ὡςasC · ὡςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowὡς: as; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἐροῦμενsaidVF2 FAI1P · εἶπονverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseἐροῦμεν: said; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationμετά: with; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASM · μικρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementμικρός: small / insignificant; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὕστερονlaterD · ὕστερονparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowὕστερον: later; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
8
λύσατέ μέ φησιν εἴπω τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ φίλοις πᾶσιν
he said, 'Release me, and I will speak to the king and to all his friends who are with him.'
The boy requests freedom not to yield, but to address the court openly.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
λύσατέreleaseVA AAD2P · λύωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionλύω: release; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
μέIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewἐγώ: I; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
φησινsaysV6 PAI3S · φημίmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionφημί: says; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
εἴπωI tell / sayVB AAS1S · εἶπονverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseεἶπον: I tell / say; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationβασιλεύς: king; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationσύν: with; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
αὐτῷwith himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: with him; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationφίλος: friend; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationπᾶς: all; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
9
καὶ ἐπιχαρέντες μάλιστα ἐπὶ τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ τοῦ παιδὸς ταχέως ἔλυσαν αὐτόν
And they, greatly rejoicing at the boy's promise, quickly released him.
The tyrant's circle mistakes courage for impending capitulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἐπιχαρέντεςrejoicing greatlyVD · αππνπμ χαίρω + ἐπιverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseχαίρω + ἐπι: rejoicing greatly; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
μάλισταespeciallyD · μάλισταparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowμάλιστα: especially; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἐπί: upon; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐπαγγελίᾳpromiseN1A DSF · ἐπαγγελίαdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationἐπαγγελία: promise; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
παιδὸςservantN3D GSM · παῖςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπαῖς: servant; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ταχέωςquicklyD · ταχέωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowταχέως: quickly; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἔλυσανbroke downVAI AAI3P · λύωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionλύω: broke down; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: him; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
10
καὶ δραμὼν ἐπὶ πλησίον τῶν τηγάνων
And running up close to the frying pans,
Instead of retreating, he moves toward the very instrument of death.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
δραμὼνrunning forwardVB · ααπνσμ τρέχωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseδραμὼν: running forward; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἐπί: upon; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
πλησίονneighbor / fellowD · πλησίονparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowπλησίον: neighbor / fellow; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τηγάνωνfrying pansN2N GPN · τήγανονgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionτήγανον: frying pans; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
11
ἀνόσιέ φησιν καὶ πάντων πονηρῶν ἀσεβέστατε τύραννε οὐκ ᾐδέσθης παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λαβὼν τὰ ἀγαθὰ καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν τοὺς θεράποντας αὐτοῦ κατακτεῖναι καὶ τοὺς τῆς εὐσεβείας ἀσκητὰς στρεβλῶσαι
he said, 'Impious tyrant, most ungodly and wicked of all men, were you not ashamed, after receiving good things and kingship from God, to kill his servants and torture the champions of piety?'
The youngest brother exposes the contradiction between divine benefaction and tyrannical ingratitude.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἀνόσιέimpiousA1B VSM · ἀνόσιοςnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleἀνόσιος: impious; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
φησινsaysV6 PAI3S · φημίmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionφημί: says; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπᾶς: all; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
πονηρῶνponeronA1A GPM · πονηρόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionπονηρός: poneron; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀσεβέστατεmost ungodlyA3H VSMS · ἀσεβήςnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleἀσεβής: most ungodly; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τύραννεrulerN2 VSM · τύραννοςnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleτύραννος: tyrant; royal ruler named in vocative address and judged by the martyrs as illegitimate in moral character.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐ: not; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ᾐδέσθηςwere you ashamedVCI API2S · αἰδέομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionαἰδέομαι: were you ashamed; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationπαρά: from; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionθεός: God; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
λαβὼνtake / regardVB · ααπνσμ λαμβάνωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseλαμβάνω: take / regard; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementὁ: the; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀγαθὰgood thingsA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementἀγαθός: good things; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementβασιλεία: kingdom; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεράπονταςservantsN3 APM · θεράπωνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementθεράπων: servants; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: him; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
κατακτεῖναικτείνω + καταVA AAN · κτείνω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionκτείνω + κατα: κτείνω + κατα; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐσεβείαςpietyN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionεὐσέβεια: piety; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀσκητὰςchampionsN1M APM · ἀσκητήςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementἀσκητής: champions; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
στρεβλῶσαιto tortureVA AAN · στρεβλόωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionστρεβλόω: to torture; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
12
ἀνθ' ὧν ταμιεύσεταί σε ἡ δίκη πυκνοτέρῳ καὶ αἰωνίῳ πυρὶ καὶ βασάνοις αἳ εἰς ὅλον τὸν αἰῶνα οὐκ ἀνήσουσίν σε
'For this reason justice is storing up for you denser and everlasting fire and torments, which for the whole age will never release you.'
He answers the tyrant's temporary power with a vision of permanent judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀνθ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἀντί: instead of; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewὅς: who / which; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ταμιεύσεταίis storing upVF FMI3S · ταμιεύομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionταμιεύομαι: is storing up; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewσύ: you; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δίκηjusticeN1 NSF · δίκηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδίκη: justice; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
πυκνοτέρῳdenserA1 DSN · πυκνόςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationπυκνός: denser; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
αἰωνίῳeternalA1B DSN · αἰώνιοςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationαἰωνίῳ: eternal; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationπῦρ: fire; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
βασάνοιςtortureN2 DPF · βάσανοςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationβασάνοις: torture; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
αἳwhich / thatRR NPF · ὅςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewὅς: which / that; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationεἰς: into; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
ὅλονwholly / entirelyA1 ASM · ὅλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementὅλος: wholly / entirely; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰῶναage / eternityN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementαἰών: age / eternity; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐ: not; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀνήσουσίνwill releaseVF FAI3P · ἵημι + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionἵημι + ἀνα: will release; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewσύ: you; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
13
οὐκ ᾐδέσθης ἄνθρωπος ὤν θηριωδέστατε τοὺς ὁμοιοπαθεῖς καὶ ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν γεγονότας στοιχείων γλωττοτομῆσαι καὶ τοῦτον καταικίσας τὸν τρόπον βασανίσαι
'Were you not ashamed, though a man, most beast-like one, to cut out the tongues of those of like nature with yourself and made from the same elements, and after thus outraging this one to torture him in that fashion?'
The accusation presses both shared humanity and the unnatural brutality of mutilation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐ: not; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ᾐδέσθηςwere you ashamedVCI API2S · αἰδέομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionαἰδέομαι: were you ashamed; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἄνθρωποςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierἄνθρωπος: a man; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὤνbeingV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseὤν: being; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
θηριωδέστατεmost beast-likeA3H VSMS · θηριώδηςnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleθηριώδης: most beast-like; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὁμοιοπαθεῖςof like natureA3H NPM · ὁμοιοπαθήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierὁμοιοπαθής: of like nature; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἐκ: from; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: their; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
γεγονόταςbecome / happenVX · χαπαπμ γίγνομαιverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseγίγνομαι: become / happen; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
στοιχείωνelementsN2N GPN · στοιχεῖονgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionστοιχεῖον: elements; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
γλωττοτομῆσαιto cut out tonguesVA AAN · γλωσσοτομέωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionγλωσσοτομέω: to cut out tongues; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewοὗτος: this; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
καταικίσαςhaving outragedVA · ααπνσμ αἰκίζω + καταverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseαἰκίζω + κατα: having outraged; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementτρόπος: manner; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
βασανίσαιto tortureVA AAN · βασανίζωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionβασανίζω: to torture; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
14
ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν εὐγενῶς ἀποθανόντες ἐπλήρωσαν τὴν εἰς τὸν θεὸν εὐσέβειαν σὺ δὲ κακῶς οἰμώξεις τοὺς τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀγωνιστὰς ἀναιτίως ἀποκτεῖνας
'But they, dying nobly, fulfilled their piety toward God, whereas you will wail bitterly after murdering without cause the combatants of virtue.'
The dead brothers are vindicated as faithful, while the tyrant is marked for lament and blame.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowἀλλά: but; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μὲνindeedX · μένnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleμέν: indeed; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐγενῶςnoblyD · εὐγενῶςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowεὐγενῶς: nobly; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀποθανόντεςhaving diedVB · ααπνπμ θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseθνήσκω + ἀπο: having died; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἐπλήρωσανfilledVAI AAI3P · πληρόωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseπληρόω: filled; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationεἰς: into; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementθεός: God; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementεὐσέβεια: piety; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewσύ: you; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
κακῶςwickedlyD · κακῶςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκακῶς: wickedly; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
οἰμώξειςyou will wailVF FAI2S · οἰμώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionοἰμώζω: you will wail; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀρετῆςpraise / excellenceN1 GSF · ἀρετήgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀρετή: praise / excellence; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀγωνιστὰςcombatantsN1M APM · ἀγωνιστήςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementἀγωνιστής: combatants; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἀναιτίωςwithout causeD · ἀναιτίωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowἀναιτίως: without cause; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀποκτεῖναςkillVA · ααπνσμ κτείνω + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseκτείνω + ἀπο: kill; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
15
ὅθεν καὶ αὐτὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν μέλλων ἔφη
Therefore, as he himself also was about to die, he said,
The denunciation gives way to a final self-offering and prayer.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ὅθενthereforeD · ὅθενparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowὅθεν: therefore; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
καὶandD · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewαὐτός: he himself; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ἀποθνῄσκεινhe diedV1 PAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseθνήσκω + ἀπο: he died; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
μέλλωνbeing about toV1 · παπνσμ μέλλωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseμέλλων: being about to; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἔφηsaidV6I IAI3S · φημίmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionφημί: said; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
16
οὐκ ἀπαυτομολῶ τῆς τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου ἀριστείας
'I will not desert the valor of my brothers.'
His last confession is fidelity to the pattern already set by the others.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowοὐ: not; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀπαυτομολῶI will desertV2 PAI1S · αὐτομολέω + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseαὐτομολέω + ἀπο: I will desert; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀδελφός: brothers; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewἐγώ: my; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ἀριστείαςvalorN1A GSF · ἀριστείαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionἀριστεία: valor; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
17
ἐπικαλοῦμαι δὲ τὸν πατρῷον θεὸν ὅπως ἵλεως γένηται τῷ ἔθνει ἡμῶν
'And I call upon the God of our fathers that he may be merciful to our nation.'
The youngest brother turns from self-concern to intercession for Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐπικαλοῦμαιI call uponV2 PMI1S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseκαλέω + ἐπι: I call upon; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πατρῷονof our fathersA1A ASM · πατρῷοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementπατρῷος: of our fathers; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complementθεός: God; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowὅπως: so that; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἵλεωςgraciousA1B NSM · ἵλεωςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierἵλεως: gracious; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
γένηταιshall there beVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionγίγνομαι: shall there be; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἔθνειto nationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationἔθνος: to nation; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewἐγώ: our; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
18
σὲ δὲ καὶ ἐν τῷ νῦν βίῳ καὶ θανόντα τιμωρήσεται
'But you, both in your present life and after death, he will punish.'
The contrast between mercy for the nation and judgment on the tyrant is made explicit.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewσύ: you; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
δὲbutX · δέnominal or adjectival element functioning according to its inflection and local clause roleδέ: but; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandD · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationἐν: in; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowνῦν: now; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
βίῳpropertyN2 DSM · βίοςdative term marking reference, means, manner, or locationβίος: property; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
θανόνταdieVB · ααπασμ θνήσκωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseθνήσκω: die; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
τιμωρήσεταιhe will punishVF FMI3S · τιμωρέωmain verbal form advancing the clause's action or assertionτιμωρέω: he will punish; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
19
καὶ ταῦτα κατευξάμενος ἑαυτὸν ἔρριψε κατὰ τῶν τηγάνων καὶ οὕτως ἀπέδωκεν
And after praying these things, he threw himself down upon the frying pans and thus gave up his life.
The chapter closes with voluntary self-offering, sealing his witness in prayerful death.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewοὗτος: these things; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
κατευξάμενοςhaving prayedVA · αμπνσμ εὔχομαι + καταverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseεὔχομαι + κατα: having prayed; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
ἑαυτὸνhimselfRD ASM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form referring to persons, things, or discourse already in viewἑαυτοῦ: himself; pronominal form identifying or recalling the participant or item currently in view.
ἔρριψεthrewVAI AAI3S · ῥίπτωverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseῥίπτω: threw; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement and framing the relationκατά: according to; preposition governing its complement and specifying relation in context.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τηγάνωνfrying pansN2N GPN · τήγανονgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or descriptionτήγανον: frying pans; lexical item used here according to its inflection and local syntactic role.
καὶandC · καίparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowκαί: and; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςparticle or adverb shaping the clause or discourse flowοὕτως: thus; particle or adverb managing sequence, emphasis, transition, or contrast in discourse.
ἀπέδωκενgave overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form contributing action or attendant circumstance within the clauseδίδωμι + ἀπο: gave over; verbal lexeme expressing the action, process, or verbal circumstance required by this clause.