1
ὦ τῶν Αβραμιαίων σπερμάτων ἀπόγονοι παῖδες Ισραηλῖται πείθεσθε τῷ νόμῳ τούτῳ καὶ πάντα τρόπον εὐσεβεῖτε
O descendants sprung from Abraham’s seed, children of Israel, obey this law and practice piety in every way,
The book closes by turning directly to Abraham’s descendants with an exhortation to obedience and piety.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΑβραμιαίωνAbrahamicA1B GPN · Αβραμιαῖοςproper-name genitive qualifierΑβραμιαῖος: proper name rendered 'Abrahamic' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
σπερμάτωνseedN3M GPN · σπέρμαgenitive element qualifying another termσπέρμα: term rendered 'seed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπόγονοιdescendantA1B NPM · ἀπόγονοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀπόγονος: term rendered 'descendant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
παῖδεςchildN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΙσραηλῖταιIsraeliteA3H NPM · Ἰσραήλίτηςproper-name subject or predicate elementἸσραήλίτης: proper name rendered 'Israelite' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
πείθεσθεpersuadeV1 PMD2P · πείθωverbal element carrying the clause actionπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'persuade' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
νόμῳlawN2 DSM · νόμοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansνόμος: term rendered 'law' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τούτῳthisRD DSM · οὗτοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: term rendered 'all' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτρόπος: term rendered 'manner' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εὐσεβεῖτεshow pietyV2 PAD2P · εὐσεβέωverbal element carrying the clause actionεὐσεβέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'show piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
2
γινώσκοντες ὅτι τῶν παθῶν ἐστιν δεσπότης ὁ εὐσεβὴς λογισμὸς καὶ οὐ μόνον τῶν ἔνδοθεν ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν πόνων
knowing that devout reason is master of the passions, and not only of inward ones but also of outward pains.
The didactic core of 4 Maccabees is repeated one last time in concise philosophical form.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
γινώσκοντεςknowV1 · παπνπμ γιγνώσκωparticiple supporting the clause action→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressγιγνώσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'know' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παθῶνpassionN3E GPN · πάθοςgenitive element qualifying another termπάθος: term rendered 'passion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δεσπότηςmasterN1M NSM · δεσπότηςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδεσπότης: term rendered 'master' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσεβὴςpiousA3H NSM · εὐσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateεὐσεβής: term rendered 'pious' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λογισμὸςreasonN2 NSM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateλογισμός: term rendered 'reason' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial modifier of the clauseμόνον: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'only' with its local discourse force.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔνδοθενwithinD · ἔνδοθενadverbial modifier of the clauseἔνδοθεν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'within' with its local discourse force.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔξωθενoutsideD · ἔξωθενadverbial modifier of the clauseἔξωθεν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'outside' with its local discourse force.
πόνωνpainN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive element qualifying another termπόνος: term rendered 'pain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
3
ἀνθ' ὧν διὰ τὴν εὐσέβειαν προέμενοι τὰ σώματα τοῖς πόνοις ἐκεῖνοι οὐ μόνον ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐθαυμάσθησαν ἀλλὰ καὶ θείας μερίδος κατηξιώθησαν
For this reason, those men, by yielding their bodies over to sufferings for piety’s sake, were not only admired by human beings but were also deemed worthy of a divine portion.
Human admiration is surpassed by the divine share granted to the martyrs.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀνθ'instead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complementἀντί: preposition rendered 'instead of' according to its local construction.
ὧνof whomRR GPM · ὅςgenitive element qualifying another termὅς: term rendered 'of whom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
προέμενοιgive overV6 · αμπνπμ ἵημι + προverbal element carrying the clause actionἵημι + προ: verbal lexeme rendered 'give over' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σώματαbodyN3M APN · σῶμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementσῶμα: term rendered 'body' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πόνοιςpainN2 DPM · πόνοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπόνος: term rendered 'pain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐκεῖνοιthatRD NPM · ἐκεῖνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἐκεῖνος: term rendered 'that' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial modifier of the clauseμόνον: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'only' with its local discourse force.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: preposition rendered 'under' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀνθρώπωνhuman beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element qualifying another termἄνθρωπος: term rendered 'human being' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐθαυμάσθησανmarvelVSI API3P · θαυμάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionθαυμάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'marvel' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
θείαςdivineA1A GSF · θεῖοςgenitive element qualifying another termθεῖος: term rendered 'divine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μερίδοςshareN3D GSF · μερίςgenitive element qualifying another termμερίς: term rendered 'share' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κατηξιώθησανdeem worthyVCI API3P · ἀξιόω + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionἀξιόω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'deem worthy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
4
καὶ δι' αὐτοὺς εἰρήνευσεν τὸ ἔθνος καὶ τὴν εὐνομίαν τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος ἀνανεωσάμενοι ἐκπεπόρθηκαν τοὺς πολεμίους
And because of them the nation obtained peace, and after renewing the observance of the law in the fatherland they plundered the enemy.
Their deaths are said to restore peace, legal order, and victory for the nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: term rendered 'them' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰρήνευσενbe at peaceVA AAI3S · εἰρήνεύωverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰρήνεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be at peace' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἔθνος: term rendered 'nation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐνομίανgood orderN1A ASF · εὐνομίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐνομία: term rendered 'good order' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατρίδοςfatherlandN3D GSF · πατρίςgenitive element qualifying another termπατρίς: term rendered 'fatherland' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀνανεωσάμενοιrenewVA · αμπνπμ νεόω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause actionνεόω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'renew' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐκπεπόρθηκανoutVX XAI3P · πορθέω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'out' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολεμίουςenemyA1A APM · πολέμιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολέμιος: term rendered 'enemy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
5
καὶ ὁ τύραννος Ἀντίοχος καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς τετιμώρηται καὶ ἀποθανὼν κολάζεται ὡς γὰρ οὐδὲν οὐδαμῶς ἴσχυσεν ἀναγκάσαι τοὺς Ιεροσολυμίτας ἀλλοφυλῆσαι καὶ τῶν πατρίων ἐθῶν ἐκδιαιτηθῆναι τότε ἀπάρας ἀπὸ τῶν Ιεροσολύμων ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ Πέρσας
And the tyrant Antiochus has both been punished on earth and, after death, is being punished; for when he could in no way compel the Jerusalemites to adopt foreign practices and depart from the customs of their ancestors, then he withdrew from Jerusalem and campaigned against the Persians.
The tyrant’s failure against Jerusalem and his continuing punishment seal the moral logic of the narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τύραννοςtyrantN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἈντίοχοςAntiochusN NSM · Ἀντίοχοςproper-name element in the clauseἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive element qualifying another termγῆ: term rendered 'earth' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τετιμώρηταιpunishVM XPI3S · τιμωρέωverbal element carrying the clause actionτιμωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'punish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἀποθανὼνdieVB · ααπνσμ θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionθνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'die' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κολάζεταιpunishV1 PPI3S · κολάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionκολάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'punish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'as' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
οὐδὲνno oneA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὐδείς: term rendered 'no one' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδαμῶςby no meansD · οὐδαμῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐδαμῶς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'by no means' with its local discourse force.
ἴσχυσενbe strongVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύωverbal element carrying the clause actionἰσχύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be strong' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀναγκάσαιcompelVA AAN · ἀγκάζω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause actionἀγκάζω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'compel' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙεροσολυμίταςJerusalemiteN1M APM · Ιεροσολυμίτηςproper-name object or complement elementΙεροσολυμίτης: proper name rendered 'Jerusalemite' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἀλλοφυλῆσαιadopt foreign waysVA AAN · ἀλλοφυλέωverbal element carrying the clause actionἀλλοφυλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'adopt foreign ways' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατρίωνancestralA1A GPM · πάτριοςgenitive element qualifying another termπάτριος: term rendered 'ancestral' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐθῶνcustomN3E GPN · ἔθοςgenitive element qualifying another termἔθος: term rendered 'custom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐκδιαιτηθῆναιcause to abandonVC APN · αἰτέω + ἐκ + διαverbal element carrying the clause actionαἰτέω + ἐκ + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'cause to abandon' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier of the clauseτότε: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'then' with its local discourse force.
ἀπάραςdepartVA · ααπνσμ αἴρω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionαἴρω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'depart' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙεροσολύμωνJerusalemN2 GPM · Ιεροσολύμοςproper-name genitive qualifierΙεροσολύμος: proper name rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἐστράτευσενcampaignVAI AAI3S · στρατεύωverbal element carrying the clause actionστρατεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'campaign' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
ΠέρσαςPersiaN AP · Πέρσιςproper-name element in the clauseΠέρσις: proper name rendered 'Persia' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
6
ἔλεγεν δὲ ἡ μήτηρ τῶν ἑπτὰ παίδων καὶ ταῦτα τὰ δικαιώματα τοῖς τέκνοις
And the mother of the seven children used to speak these righteous teachings also to her sons:
The narrator returns to the mother, now as teacher of covenantal righteousness to her sons.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἔλεγενsayV1I IAI3S · λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παίδωνchildN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive element qualifying another termπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'these things' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δικαιώματαordinanceN3M APN · δικαίωμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementδικαίωμα: term rendered 'ordinance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τέκνοιςchildN2N DPN · τέκνονdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansτέκνον: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
7
ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐγενήθην παρθένος ἁγνὴ οὐδὲ ὑπερέβην πατρικὸν οἶκον ἐφύλασσον δὲ τὴν ᾠκοδομημένην πλευράν
‘I became a pure virgin and did not step beyond my father’s house, but I guarded the side that had been built within it.
Her speech begins with a stylized self-witness to chastity and orderly household life.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἐγώ: term rendered 'I' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐγενήθηνbecomeVCI API1S · γίγνομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'become' with its contextual sense in this clause.
παρθένοςvirginN2 NSF · παρθένοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπαρθένος: term rendered 'virgin' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἁγνὴpureA1 NSF · ἁγνόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἁγνός: term rendered 'pure' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'nor' with its local discourse force.
ὑπερέβηνoverVZI AAI1S · βαίνω + ὑπερverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπερ: verbal lexeme rendered 'over' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πατρικὸνpaternalA1 ASM · πατρικόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπατρικός: term rendered 'paternal' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοἶκος: term rendered 'house' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐφύλασσονguardV1I IAI3P · φυλάσσωparticiple supporting the clause actionφυλάσσω: verbal lexeme rendered 'guard' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ᾠκοδομημένηνbuildV2 · πππασφ ᾠκοδομέωverbal element carrying the clause actionᾠκοδομέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'build' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πλευράνsideN1A ASF · πλευράaccusative element functioning as object or complementπλευρά: term rendered 'side' with its contextual sense in this clause.
8
οὐδὲ ἔφθειρέν με λυμεὼν ἐρημίας φθορεὺς ἐν πεδίῳ οὐδὲ ἐλυμήνατό μου τὰ ἁγνὰ τῆς παρθενίας λυμεὼν ἀπάτης ὄφις
No destroyer, corrupter in the wilderness, ruined me in the open field; nor did the serpent, destroyer through deceit, violate the purity of my virginity.
Field, wilderness, serpent, and deceit all serve to negate every possibility of sexual corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'nor' with its local discourse force.
ἔφθειρένcorruptV1I IAI3S · φθείρωverbal element carrying the clause actionφθείρω: verbal lexeme rendered 'corrupt' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐγώ: term rendered 'I' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λυμεὼνdestroyerN3N NSM · λυμεώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateλυμεών: term rendered 'destroyer' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐρημίαςwildernessN1A GSF · ἐρημίαgenitive element qualifying another termἐρημία: term rendered 'wilderness' with its contextual sense in this clause.
φθορεὺςcorrupterN3V NSM · φθορεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateφθορεύς: term rendered 'corrupter' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
πεδίῳfieldN2N DSN · πεδίονdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπεδίον: term rendered 'field' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'nor' with its local discourse force.
ἐλυμήνατόinjureVAI AMI3S · λυμαίνωverbal element carrying the clause actionλυμαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'injure' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying another termἐγώ: term rendered 'I' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἁγνὰpureA1 APN · ἁγνόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἁγνός: term rendered 'pure' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παρθενίαςvirginityN1A GSF · παρθενίαgenitive element qualifying another termπαρθενία: term rendered 'virginity' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λυμεὼνdestroyerN3W NSM · λυμεώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateλυμεών: term rendered 'destroyer' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπάτηςdeceitN1 GSF · ἀπάτηgenitive element qualifying another termἀπάτη: term rendered 'deceit' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὄφιςserpentN3I NSM · ὄφιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateὄφις: term rendered 'serpent' with its contextual sense in this clause.
9
ἔμεινα δὲ χρόνον ἀκμῆς σὺν ἀνδρί τούτων δὲ ἐνηλίκων γενομένων ἐτελεύτησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῶν μακάριος μὲν ἐκεῖνος τὸν γὰρ τῆς εὐτεκνίας βίον ἐπιζήσας τὸν τῆς ἀτεκνίας οὐκ ὠδυνήθη καιρόν
I lived through the flower of youth with your father, and when these sons had become grown, their father died. Blessed was he, for after living through the life that comes from many children, he did not have to suffer the season of childlessness.
Her domestic history locates the coming martyrdom within a fully honorable family life.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἔμειναremainVAI AAI1S · μένωverbal element carrying the clause actionμένω: verbal lexeme rendered 'remain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementχρόνος: term rendered 'time' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀκμῆςprimeN1 GSF · ἀκμήgenitive element qualifying another termἀκμή: term rendered 'prime' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
ἀνδρίmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansἀνήρ: term rendered 'man' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive element qualifying another termοὗτος: term rendered 'these' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ἐνηλίκωνgrownN3K GPM · ἐνῆλιξgenitive element qualifying another termἐνῆλιξ: term rendered 'grown' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γενομένωνbecomeVB · αμπγπμ γίγνομαιparticiple supporting the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'become' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐτελεύτησενdieVAI AAI3S · τελευτάωverbal element carrying the clause actionτελευτάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'die' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπατήρ: term rendered 'father' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μακάριοςblessedA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμακάριος: term rendered 'blessed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μὲνon the one handX · μένconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμέν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' with its local discourse force.
ἐκεῖνοςthatRD NSM · ἐκεῖνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἐκεῖνος: term rendered 'that' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐτεκνίαςblessing of childrenN1A GSF · εὐτεκνίαgenitive element qualifying another termεὐτεκνία: term rendered 'blessing of children' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βίονlifeN2 ASM · βίοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβίος: term rendered 'life' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπιζήσαςsurviveVA · ααπνσμ ζάω + ἐπιparticiple supporting the clause actionζάω + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'survive' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀτεκνίαςchildlessnessN1A GSF · ἀτεκνίαgenitive element qualifying another termἀτεκνία: term rendered 'childlessness' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ὠδυνήθηsuffer painVCI API3S · ὀδυνάωverbal element carrying the clause actionὀδυνάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'suffer pain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καιρόνseasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκαιρός: term rendered 'season' with its contextual sense in this clause.
10
ὃς ἐδίδασκεν ὑμᾶς ἔτι ὢν σὺν ὑμῖν τὸν νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας
While he was still with you, he taught you the law and the prophets.
The children’s formation is shown to have been shared by their father through teaching the law and prophets.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateὅς: term rendered 'who' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐδίδασκενteachV1I IAI3S · διδάσκωverbal element carrying the clause actionδιδάσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'teach' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clauseἔτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'still' with its local discourse force.
ὢνbeV9 · παπνσμ εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansσύ: term rendered 'to you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementνόμος: term rendered 'law' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
προφήταςprophetN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπροφήτης: term rendered 'prophet' with its contextual sense in this clause.
11
τὸν ἀναιρεθέντα Αβελ ὑπὸ Καιν ἀνεγίνωσκέν τε ὑμῖν καὶ τὸν ὁλοκαρπούμενον Ισαακ καὶ τὸν ἐν φυλακῇ Ιωσηφ
He read to you about Abel slain by Cain, and Isaac offered up whole, and Joseph in prison.
Abel, Isaac, and Joseph are cited as formative stories of righteous suffering and testing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀναιρεθένταtake upVC · αππασμ αἱρέω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause actionαἱρέω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'take up' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΑβελAbelN ASM · Αβελproper-name element in the clauseΑβελ: proper name rendered 'Abel' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: preposition rendered 'under' according to its local construction.
ΚαινCainN GSM · Καινproper-name element in the clauseΚαιν: proper name rendered 'Cain' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἀνεγίνωσκένupV1I IAI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'up' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τεandX TEconnective or particle shaping the clause relationTE: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansσύ: term rendered 'to you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὁλοκαρπούμενονoffer whollyV4 · πππασμ ὁλοκαρπόομαιparticiple supporting the clause actionὁλοκαρπόομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'offer wholly' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΙσαακIsaacN ASM · Ισαακproper-name element in the clauseΙσαακ: proper name rendered 'Isaac' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
φυλακῇprisonN1 DSF · φυλακήdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansφυλακή: term rendered 'prison' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΙωσηφJosephN ASM · Ιωσηφproper-name element in the clauseΙωσηφ: proper name rendered 'Joseph' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
12
ἔλεγεν δὲ ὑμῖν τὸν ζηλωτὴν Φινεες ἐδίδασκέν τε ὑμᾶς τοὺς ἐν πυρὶ Ανανιαν καὶ Αζαριαν καὶ Μισαηλ
He spoke to you of zealous Phinehas, and he taught you about Hananiah and Azariah and Mishael in the fire.
Phinehas and the three youths in the fire reinforce zeal, endurance, and fidelity under threat.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔλεγενsayV1I IAI3S · λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansσύ: term rendered 'to you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ζηλωτὴνzealousA1 ASF · ζηλωτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementζηλωτός: term rendered 'zealous' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΦινεεςPhinehasN GSM · Φινεεςproper-name element in the clauseΦινεες: proper name rendered 'Phinehas' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἐδίδασκένteachV1I IAI3S · διδάσκωverbal element carrying the clause actionδιδάσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'teach' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τεandX TEconnective or particle shaping the clause relationTE: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπῦρ: term rendered 'fire' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΑνανιανHananiahN1T ASM · Ανανιαςproper-name object or complement elementΑνανιας: proper name rendered 'Hananiah' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΑζαριανAzariahN1T ASM · Αζαριαςproper-name object or complement elementΑζαριας: proper name rendered 'Azariah' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΜισαηλMishaelN ASM · Μισαηλproper-name element in the clauseΜισαηλ: proper name rendered 'Mishael' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
13
ἐδόξαζεν δὲ καὶ τὸν ἐν λάκκῳ λεόντων Δανιηλ ὃν ἐμακάριζεν
He also glorified Daniel in the lions’ pit, whom he pronounced blessed.
The father’s praise of Daniel extends the catalogue of scriptural heroes.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐδόξαζενglorifyV1I IAI3S · δοξάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionδοξάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'glorify' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
λάκκῳpitN2 DSM · λάκκοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansλάκκος: term rendered 'pit' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive element qualifying another termλέων: term rendered 'lion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΔανιηλDanielN ASM · Δανιηλproper-name element in the clauseΔανιηλ: proper name rendered 'Daniel' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: term rendered 'whom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐμακάριζενcall blessedV1I IAI3S · μακαρίζωverbal element carrying the clause actionμακαρίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'call blessed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
14
ὑπεμίμνῃσκεν δὲ ὑμᾶς καὶ τὴν Ησαιου γραφὴν τὴν λέγουσαν κἂν διὰ πυρὸς διέλθῃς φλὸξ οὐ κατακαύσει σε
And he reminded you as well of the scripture of Isaiah, which says, ‘Even if you pass through fire, the flame will not burn you.’
Prophetic scripture is recalled to interpret suffering as a place of divine preservation.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὑπεμίμνῃσκενunderV1I IAI3S · μιμνήσκω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΗσαιουIsaiahN1T GSM · Ησαιαςproper-name genitive qualifierΗσαιας: proper name rendered 'Isaiah' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
γραφὴνwritingN1 ASF · γραφήaccusative element functioning as object or complementγραφή: term rendered 'writing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λέγουσανsayV1 · παπασφ λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κἂνeven ifC+X · καί̈ἄνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί̈ἄν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'even if' with its local discourse force.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive element qualifying another termπῦρ: term rendered 'fire' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διέλθῃςgo throughVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal element carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι + δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'go through' with its contextual sense in this clause.
φλὸξflameN3G NSF · φλόξnominative element functioning as subject or predicateφλόξ: term rendered 'flame' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
κατακαύσειdownVF FAI3S · καύω + καταverbal element carrying the clause action+ κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'down' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
15
τὸν ὑμνογράφον ἐμελῴδει ὑμῖν Δαυιδ λέγοντα πολλαὶ αἱ θλίψεις τῶν δικαίων
He sang to you David the hymn-writer, saying, ‘Many are the afflictions of the righteous.’
The psalmic line teaches that suffering belongs to the life of the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑμνογράφονhymn-writerN2N ASM · ὑμνογράφοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὑμνογράφος: term rendered 'hymn-writer' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐμελῴδειsingV2I IAI3S · μελῳδέωverbal element carrying the clause actionμελῳδέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'sing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansσύ: term rendered 'to you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΔαυιδDavidN ASM · Δαυίδproper-name element in the clauseΔαυίδ: proper name rendered 'David' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
λέγονταsayV1 · παπασμ λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπολύς: term rendered 'many' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θλίψειςafflictionN3I NPF · θλῖψιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθλῖψις: term rendered 'affliction' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive element qualifying another termδίκαιος: term rendered 'righteous' with its contextual sense in this clause.
16
τὸν Σαλωμῶντα ἐπαροιμίαζεν ὑμῖν λέγοντα ξύλον ζωῆς ἐστιν τοῖς ποιοῦσιν αὐτοῦ τὸ θέλημα
He quoted Solomon proverbially to you, saying, ‘It is a tree of life for those who do his will.’
Wisdom literature is enlisted to connect obedience with true life.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΣαλωμῶνταSolomonN ASM · Σαλωμῶνταproper-name element in the clauseΣαλωμῶντα: proper name rendered 'Solomon' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἐπαροιμίαζενquote as proverbV1I IAI3S · παροιμιάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionπαροιμιάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'quote as proverb' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansσύ: term rendered 'to you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λέγονταsayV1 · παπασμ λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ξύλονtreeN2N NSN · ξύλονnominative element functioning as subject or predicateξύλον: term rendered 'tree' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive element qualifying another termζωή: term rendered 'life' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ποιοῦσινdoV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal element carrying the clause actionποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'do' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'his' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θέλημαwillN3M ASN · θέλημαaccusative element functioning as object or complementθέλημα: term rendered 'will' with its contextual sense in this clause.
17
τὸν Ιεζεκιηλ ἐπιστοποίει τὸν λέγοντα εἰ ζήσεται τὰ ὀστᾶ τὰ ξηρὰ ταῦτα
He attested Ezekiel, who says, ‘Shall these dry bones live?’
The dry bones text broadens the scriptural horizon toward restoration beyond death.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙεζεκιηλEzekielN ASM · Ιεζεκιηλproper-name element in the clauseΙεζεκιηλ: proper name rendered 'Ezekiel' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἐπιστοποίειattestV2I IAI3S · πιστοποιέωverbal element carrying the clause actionπιστοποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'attest' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λέγονταsayV1 · παπασμ λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle shaping the clause relationεἰ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'if' with its local discourse force.
ζήσεταιliveVF FMI3S · ζάωverbal element carrying the clause actionζάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'live' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὀστᾶboneN2N NPN · ὀστέονnominative element functioning as subject or predicateὀστέον: term rendered 'bone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ξηρὰdryA1A NPN · ξηρόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateξηρός: term rendered 'dry' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD NPN · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateοὗτος: term rendered 'these things' with its contextual sense in this clause.
18
ᾠδὴν μὲν γάρ ἣν ἐδίδαξεν Μωυσῆς οὐκ ἐπελάθετο διδάσκων τὴν λέγουσαν
For he did not forget the song that Moses taught, which says,
The mother’s recollection culminates in the foundational Torah song.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ᾠδὴνsongN1 ASF · ᾠδήaccusative element functioning as object or complementᾠδή: term rendered 'song' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μὲνon the one handX · μένconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμέν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' with its local discourse force.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: term rendered 'which' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐδίδαξενteachVAI AAI3S · διδάσκωverbal element carrying the clause actionδιδάσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'teach' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΜωυσῆςMosesN1M NSM · Μωυσῆςproper-name subject or predicate elementΜωυσῆς: proper name rendered 'Moses' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἐπελάθετοuponVBI AMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'upon' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διδάσκωνteachV1 · παπνσμ διδάσκωparticiple supporting the clause actionδιδάσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'teach' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λέγουσανsayV1 · παπασφ λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
19
ἐγὼ ἀποκτενῶ καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω αὕτη ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν καὶ ἡ μακρότης τῶν ἡμερῶν
‘I will kill and I will make alive: this is your life and the length of your days.’
The scriptural center of the memory is God’s sovereign power both to kill and to make alive.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἐγώ: term rendered 'I' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀποκτενῶawayVF2 FAI1S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ζῆνliveV3 PAN · ζάωverbal element carrying the clause actionζάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'live' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ποιήσωdoVA AAS1S · ποιέωverbal element carrying the clause actionποιέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'do' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ζωὴlifeN1 NSF · ζωήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateζωή: term rendered 'life' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύgenitive element qualifying another termσύ: term rendered 'your' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μακρότηςlengthN3T NSF · μακρότηςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμακρότης: term rendered 'length' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive element qualifying another termἡμέρα: term rendered 'day' with its contextual sense in this clause.
20
ὦ πικρᾶς τῆς τότε ἡμέρας καὶ οὐ πικρᾶς ὅτε ὁ πικρὸς Ἑλλήνων τύραννος πῦρ πυρὶ σβέσας λέβησιν ὠμοῖς καὶ ζέουσι θυμοῖς ἀγαγὼν ἐπὶ τὸν καταπέλτην καὶ πάλιν τὰς βασάνους αὐτοῦ τοὺς ἑπτὰ παῖδας τῆς Αβρααμίτιδος
O bitter was that day, and yet not bitter enough, when the bitter tyrant of the Greeks, quenching fire with fire, in savage cauldrons and boiling fits of rage brought the seven sons of the daughter of Abraham to the catapult and again to his tortures.
The mother’s remembered teaching gives way to a final emotional rehearsal of the tyrant’s cruelty.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
πικρᾶςbitterA1A GSF · πικρόςgenitive element qualifying another termπικρός: term rendered 'bitter' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier of the clauseτότε: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'then' with its local discourse force.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element qualifying another termἡμέρα: term rendered 'day' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
πικρᾶςbitterA1A GSF · πικρόςgenitive element qualifying another termπικρός: term rendered 'bitter' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial modifier of the clauseὅτε: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'when' with its local discourse force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πικρὸςbitterA1A NSM · πικρόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπικρός: term rendered 'bitter' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἙλλήνωνGreekN GP · Ἕλληνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἝλλην: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'Greek' with its local discourse force.
τύραννοςtyrantN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object or complementπῦρ: term rendered 'fire' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πυρὶfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπῦρ: term rendered 'fire' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σβέσαςquenchVA · ααπνσμ σβέννυμιparticiple supporting the clause actionσβέννυμι: verbal lexeme rendered 'quench' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λέβησινcauldronN3T DPM · λέβηςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansλέβης: term rendered 'cauldron' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὠμοῖςrawN2 DPM · ὦμοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansὦμος: term rendered 'raw' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ζέουσιboilV2 · παπδπμ ζέωverbal element carrying the clause actionζέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'boil' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θυμοῖςrageN2 DPM · θυμόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansθυμός: term rendered 'rage' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀγαγὼνleadVB · ααπνσμ ἄγωverbal element carrying the clause actionἄγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'lead' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
καταπέλτηνcatapultN1M ASM · καταπάλτηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκαταπάλτης: term rendered 'catapult' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
πάλινagainD · πάλινadverbial modifier of the clauseπάλιν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'again' with its local discourse force.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βασάνουςtortureN2 APF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'his' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παῖδαςchildN3D APM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
Αβρααμίτιδοςdaughter of AbrahamN3D GSF · Ἀβρααμίτιςproper-name genitive qualifierἈβρααμίτις: proper name rendered 'daughter of Abraham' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
21
τὰς τῶν ὀμμάτων κόρας ἐπήρωσεν καὶ γλώσσας ἐξέτεμεν καὶ βασάνοις ποικίλαις ἀπέκτεινεν
He blinded the pupils of their eyes, cut out their tongues, and with various torments killed them.
Specific bodily outrages are named to ensure that the cost of faithfulness is not abstracted away.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὀμμάτωνeyeN3M GPN · ὄμμαgenitive element qualifying another termὄμμα: term rendered 'eye' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κόραςpupilN1 APF · κόρηaccusative element functioning as object or complementκόρη: term rendered 'pupil' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπήρωσενblindVAI AAI3S · πηρόωverbal element carrying the clause actionπηρόω: verbal lexeme rendered 'blind' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γλώσσαςtongueN1S APF · γλῶσσαaccusative element functioning as object or complementγλῶσσα: term rendered 'tongue' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐξέτεμενoutVBI AAI3S · τέμνω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'out' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
βασάνοιςtortureN2 DPF · βάσανοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ποικίλαιςvariedA1 DPF · ποικίλοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansποικίλος: term rendered 'varied' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπέκτεινενawayVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
22
ὑπὲρ ὧν ἡ θεία δίκη μετῆλθεν καὶ μετελεύσεται τὸν ἀλάστορα τύραννον
For these things divine justice pursued, and will yet pursue, the accursed tyrant.
The narrative closes the tyrant’s case by placing him under an unending divine prosecution.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὑπὲρfor the sake ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' according to its local construction.
ὧνof whomRR GPF · ὅςgenitive element qualifying another termὅς: term rendered 'of whom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θείαdivineA1A NSF · θεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθεῖος: term rendered 'divine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δίκηjusticeN1 NSF · δίκηnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδίκη: term rendered 'justice' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μετῆλθενpursueVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + μεταverbal element carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι + μετα: verbal lexeme rendered 'pursue' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
μετελεύσεταιpursueVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + μεταverbal element carrying the clause actionἔρχομαι + μετα: verbal lexeme rendered 'pursue' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀλάστοραaccursedN3R ASM · ἀλάστωρaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀλάστωρ: term rendered 'accursed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τύραννονtyrantN2 ASM · τύραννοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
23
οἱ δὲ Αβραμιαῖοι παῖδες σὺν τῇ ἀθλοφόρῳ μητρὶ εἰς πατέρων χορὸν συναγελάζονται ψυχὰς ἁγνὰς καὶ ἀθανάτους ἀπειληφότες παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ
But the sons of Abraham, together with their prize-bearing mother, are gathered into the chorus of their fathers, having received pure and immortal souls from God,
Mother and sons are gathered into the fathers’ chorus with purified and immortal souls.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ΑβραμιαῖοιAbrahamicA1B NPM · Αβραμιαῖοςproper-name subject or predicate elementΑβραμιαῖος: proper name rendered 'Abrahamic' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
παῖδεςchildN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀθλοφόρῳprize-winningA1B DSF · ἀθλοφόροςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansἀθλοφόρος: term rendered 'prize-winning' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μητρὶmotherN3 DSF · μήτηρdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
πατέρωνfatherN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive element qualifying another termπατήρ: term rendered 'father' with its contextual sense in this clause.
χορὸνchoirN2 ASM · χορόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementχορός: term rendered 'choir' with its contextual sense in this clause.
συναγελάζονταιjoin in company withV1 PPI3P · ἀγελάζομαι + συνverbal element carrying the clause actionἀγελάζομαι + συν: verbal lexeme rendered 'join in company with' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ψυχὰςsoulN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object or complementψυχή: term rendered 'soul' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἁγνὰςpureA1 APF · ἁγνόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἁγνός: term rendered 'pure' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἀθανάτουςimmortalA1B APF · ἀθάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀθάνατος: term rendered 'immortal' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπειληφότεςenjoyVX · χαπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀποparticiple supporting the clause actionλαμβάνω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'enjoy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complementπαρά: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying another termθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
24
ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων αμην
to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.
The final line ends the argument in worship, returning glory to God alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ᾧto whomRR DSM · ὅςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansὅς: term rendered 'to whom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδόξα: term rendered 'glory' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
αἰῶναςageN3W APM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object or complementαἰών: term rendered 'age' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
αἰώνωνageN3W GPM · αἰώνgenitive element qualifying another termαἰών: term rendered 'age' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αμηνamenI AMHNinterjection marking direct addressAMHN: interjection rendered 'amen', marking emotional direct address.